cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamical investigation of the γ-irradiated CsH2AsO4 via EPR, ENDOR and computer calculations

Abstract Motional correlation times for the fluctuations of the heavy cation 133Cs are reported in CsH2AsO4 in the range 260–320 K using EPR of the AsO44− center, ENDOR of 133Cs and 1H, and computer calculations based on the modified Bloch equations. It is further shown that the fluctuations involving relative motions of the 133Cs, 75As and 1H nuclei are correlated and although two-three orders of magnitude slower they imply a motion analogous to that of the soft mode.
On oscillatory flow over topography in a rotating fluid

Quasi-geostrophic beta-plane motion of a homogeneous liquid over topography is considered for situations in which there is a time-periodic forcing of a zonal current. Such an oscillatory current generates a topographic Rossby wave response that has a complicated, but periodic, temporal structure. The linear solution grows resonances at all integer values of the beta-parameter. The nonlinear analysis demonstrates that for weak friction and forcing, the resonances are bent and multiple equilibria of the time-dependent Rossby wave states are possible in certain parameter ranges. While the basic forced flow in the absence of topography has no time-mean, the nonlinear amplitude equations show that a mean retrograde (westward) Eulerian zonal flow is generated in the interactions of the forced flow with the topography.
Plane problems in piezoelectric media with defects

Abstract A two-dimensional electroelastic analysis is performed on a transversely isotropic piezoelectric material containing defects. A general solution is provided in terms of complex potentials, with emphasis being placed on stress concentrations that arise in the vicinity of circular and elliptical holes. It is shown that for this genre of problem both mechanical and electrical variables are responsible for the peak stresses.
Constructing communication by hand

I focus here on how children construct communication, looking in particular at places where the language model of the community exerts less influence on the child. I first describe the gesture systems constructed by deaf children who are unable to acquire speech and have not been exposed to a sign language. These children are constructing their communication systems in large part without benefit of conventional linguistic input. As a result, the children’s gestures reflect skills that they themselves bring to the language-learning situation, skills that interact with linguistic input when that input is available. I then describe the gestures that hearing children produce when they talk. Gesture does not need to assume a language-like role for these children and indeed it does not. Nevertheless, the gestures these speaking children produce convey information and that information is often different from the information found in their talk. Gesture thus allows the children to reach beyond the confines of the language they are speaking. Both cases highlight the child’s contribution to the communication process and provide unique opportunities to observe the child’s skills as language-maker. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Abstract B79: TIMP-2 mediated growth inhibition of human glioma U87MG is accompanied by elevated IGFBP7 and FSP-1/S100A4 expression at the tumor/stroma interface

The tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase–2 (TIMP-2) belongs to a small family of multifunctional secreted proteins that inhibit matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), proteases principally associated with promoting tumor invasion and metastasis. We have previously shown that forced TIMP-2 expression inhibits human lung tumor growth through MMP-independent mechanisms including tumor cell apoptosis and upregulation of insulin growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFPB7), a protein reported to function as a potential tumor suppressor in a variety of tumor types including human glioma. In the current study, we used immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and dual immunofluorescence to assess the growth inhibitory effects of TIMP-2 in human glioma xenografts generated using U87MG cells lentivirally transfected to overexpress the human TIMP-2 cDNA sequence (U87MG-T2) or vector alone (U87MG-EV). Compared to EV controls, U87MG-T2 xenografts demonstrated a significant inhibition of tumor growth, accompanied by increased tumor cell apoptosis at the tumor edge. Moreover, a dramatic increase in IGFBP7 and fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP1)/S100A4 was detected in distinct subpopulations of non-tumor cells at the tumor/stroma interface, whereas both markers were sparsely observed in U87MG-EV controls. In an effort to determine the origin of IGFBP7 positive cells, we performed dual immunofluorescence using antibodies to the blood vessel marker CD34, FSP-1/S100A4, and human mitochondria (clone 113-1). IGFBP7 positive cells did not co-express any of the three markers analyzed, indicating that IGFBP7 positive cells are host derived and consist of cells other than blood vessels or stromal fibroblasts. We conclude that endogenous TIMP-2 significantly inhibits human glioma tumor growth in vivo through tumor cell apoptosis and tumor-host interactions involving discrete subsets of non-tumor cells in the adjacent tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Sandra Jensen-Taubman, Dimitra Bourboulia, Huiying Han, Laurie Shuman Moss, Beiyang Wei, William G. Stetler-Stevenson. TIMP-2 mediated growth inhibition of human glioma U87MG is accompanied by elevated IGFBP7 and FSP-1/S100A4 expression at the tumor/stroma interface. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B79. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B79
THE EFFECTS OF TIME, HABITAT, AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ON KENYAN CORAL-REEF-ASSOCIATED GASTROPODS

Populations of live snails were studied over a 13-yr period in 18 Kenyan reef locations. Sites were divided among three levels of management (old, new, and un- managed) and two types of habitat (reef lagoon and reef flat). Management prohibits the extraction of snails and predatory fishes, while both snails and their predatory fishes were removed in unmanaged sites. In reef lagoons I hypothesized that (1) fishing would result in increased total snail numbers in unmanaged reefs due to losses of their predators but no changes would occur in fully managed reefs, (2) the responses would be variable for commercial species depending on the balance between predatory fish effects and shell collecting; while on reef flats (3) commercial snails would be most abundant on managed reefs, and (4) there would be no population changes due to either high predation or stressful physical conditions. Most snail populations were stable with only 18% of the populations displaying statistically significant population fluctuations, and commercial species were more stable than noncommercial species. As predicted, reef lagoons had the greatest range of population densities with the fully managed lagoons having the lowest numbers. Numbers of noncommercial snails increased with time in all reef lagoons in support of the fishing effect, but against the stability prediction for managed reefs. Unmanaged reef lagoons did, however, have the largest recorded population increase. Protected reef flats did not have greater numbers of commercial snails compared to unmanaged reefs. They did, however, have a greater abundance of six commercial species while having the lowest noncommercial snail population numbers. Total reef flat snail abundance was stable except during the final sampling period in 1999 when the noncommercial snails increased in the new and unman- aged sites. This might be due to a chance or periodic oceanographic event, such as the 1997-1998 El Niiio, but could also suggest that predation on reef flats is more important than I hypothesized. The snail assemblage appears to be stable but some large-bodied species such as Cassis cornuta, Charonia tritonis, Lambis truncata, and Turbo marmoratus were found in insufficient numbers to evaluate their status.
Rhythmicity of Triiodothyronine Generation by Type II Thyroxine 5′-Deiodinase in Rat Pineal Is Mediated by a β-Adrenergic Mechanism

Type II T4 5′-deiodinase plays an essential role in converting T4 to T3 in extrathyroidal tissues, thus allowing the full development of a cellular effect of thyroid hormone. This enzyme is one of the most important factors in regulating local action of thyroid hormone. Its activity in the rat pineal was 20-30 times higher at midnight than at noon; this nocturnal rise was abolished by the β-adrenergic blocker, propranolol. The β-agonist isoproterenol, caused a 3-fold increase in diurnal enzyme activity. There is thus a marked nyctohemeral variation in T4 activation in the pineal, probably mediated by a β-adrenergic mechanism. Since the temporal peak of pineal T4 activation corresponds to that of pineal function, our data suggest a previously unrecognized role of thyroid hormone in pineal regulation. (Endocrinology 121: 74–77, 1987)
Radiology of Colonic Interposition and Its Associated Complications

A retrospective review of the medical records, pathology reports, and radiographic studies of 81 patients who had undergone colonic interposition was undertaken, with special attention to postoperative complications. Both early (within 30 days postoperatively, 81 patients) and late (later than 30 days postoperatively, 57 patients) complications were reviewed. Early findings included anastomotic narrowing (18 patients), anastomotic leak (13), aspiration (11), and ischemic necrosis of the colon (3). Late findings included aspiration (9 patients), anastomotic strictures (8), gastric stasis (6), redundancy and tortuosity of the colon (5), anastomotic ulcers (4), gastrocolic reflux (3), and gastroesophageal reflux into the residual esophagus (2).
Ileal Crohn's disease with perforation misdiagnosed as ruptured appendicitis: a case report.

Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, TaiwanReceived 2 July 2013; received in revised form 6 July 2013; accepted 9 July 2013Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic transmural inﬂammationof any part of the alimentary tract, especially the distalileum and the proximal large bowel. CD is diagnosedthrough history, diagnostic images, and pathological ﬁnd-ings.
HIV risk among female sex workers with different patterns of drug use behaviors in Southwest China: a cross-sectional study

Although many researchers found that drug use behaviors significantly increased HIV risk, few of them investigated the association between HIV risk and different drug use behaviors among female sex workers (FSWs) in China. The current study examines demographic and behavioral risk factors as well as the infections of HIV, syphilis, and among a subgroup of FSWs who are injection drug users (IDU) or noninjection drug users (NIDU) in comparison to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) nondrug users (non-DU). We conducted secondary analysis of the 2010 National Sentinel Surveillance (NSS) data from Guangxi China. A self-administered, standard behavioral surveillance survey was completed by a total of 12,622 FSWs recruited from Guangxi, China. The Guangxi 2010 NSS sample included 2.6% NIDU and 0.5% IDU. Compared to non-DU, IDU were more likely to report no condom use in the last sex act (aOR = 3.25, 95%CI = 1.65, 6.40), inconsistent condom use in the past month (aOR = 4.88, 95%CI = 2.66, 8.96), having an HIV testing (aOR = 2.48, 95%CI = 1.34, 4.58), infections of HIV (aOR = 42.60, 95%CI = 9.45, 192.06), syphilis (aOR = 4.13, 95%CI = 1.86, 9.16), and HCV (aOR = 74.54, 95%CI = 30.26, 183.61). NIDU had 2.89 times higher than non-DU to report a history of sexually transmitted disease and 26% less likely to report inconsistent condom use in the past month (p < 0.05). We called for tailored, accessible, and nonjudgmental drug treatments coupled with effective sexual risk reduction interventions to help FSWs with various drug use problems to reduce their vulnerability and susceptibility of HIV risk in China as well as other cultural settings.
Coronary artery spasm in hypothyroidism.

Abstract A previous report by Wei et al 1 documented coronary spasm possibly caused by hyperthyroidism. It was speculated that an increase in the number of α receptors secondary to hyperthyroidism may render the coronary arteries more vulnerable to spasm when transient increases in parasympathetic tone with attendant post-ganglionic catecholamine release occurred. The present report of coronary spasm occurring in a patient with hypothroidism is the first described association of these conditions. The demonstration that spasm may be seen with either hyper- or hypothyroidism suggests that the connection of coronary spasm with thyroid dysfunction may be more tenuous and variable than previously postulated.
Superconducting properties of FeSexTe1−x thin film with a composition close to antiferromagnetic ordering

In this study Te-rich iron chalcogenide (FeSexTe1−x) thin films with a composition close to antiferromagnetic ordering have been deposited on SrTiO3 (STO) substrates. The superconducting critical transition temperature (Tc) of the FeSe0.1Te0.9 thin film on STO substrate ranges from ∼12.5 to ∼13.3 K. The upper critical field is as high as 114 T, which is much higher than that of the FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin film on STO substrate (∼49 T). The self-field critical current density () at 2 K of 1.8 × 105 A cm−2 is much higher than that of the FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin film, and the FeSe0.1Te0.9 thin film also demonstrates superior pinning properties under applied magnetic field. Compared to FeSe0.5Te0.5, which was considered as the optimum composition, FeSe0.1Te0.9 presents even more promise for high field applications because of its high upper critical field and high critical current density.
A cytological study of the ovary of Rhodnius prolixus. II. Oocyte differentiation.

This investigation presents the ultrastructural changes that occur during previtellogenic and vitellogenic growth of the oocyte of a telotrophic ovary. The ovarioles of a newly emerged adult Rhodnius have their full complement of oocytes located at the base of the tropharium. These oocytes are in cytoplasmic continuity with the syncytial tropharium via trophic cords. The nuclei of these oocytes are in prophase of meiosis I with condensed chromosoes; synaptonemal complexes are visible in many. During oocyte growth the nucleus or germinal vesicle enlarges from a 3–4 μ diameter to a 45–50 μ diameter and the chromosomes become diffuse and arrested in late prophase I. Small previtellogenic oocytes are limited by a morphologically unspecialized oolemma and contain a pair of centrioles, rough endoplasmic reticulum, a few small Golgi complexes and clusters of mitochondria. By the end of previtellogenesis there has been an increase in the volume of the oocyte due to the transport of ribosomes and mitochondria into the oocyte from the tropharium. During vitellogenesis the oolemma develops a microvillous border and yolk precursors are internalized by pinocytosis. Small stacks of annulate lamellae, numerous ribosomes and the other organelles are restricted to the thin layer of cortical ooplasm; the lipid protein-carbohydrate yolk spheres and glycogen are located centrally. In oocytes not stimulated, autolysis occurs as dense local areas within the ooplasm.
Pilot-Testing CATCH Early Childhood: A Preschool-Based Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity Program.

Abstract Background: The literature on theoretically-based programs targeting healthy nutrition and physical activity in preschools is scarce. Purpose: To pilot test CATCH Early Childhood (CEC), a preschool-based nutrition and physical activity program among children ages three to five in Head Start. Methods: The study was conducted in two Head Start centers (N=75 children, their parents; 9 teachers). CEC was implemented by trained teachers over six weeks in fall 2008. Qualitative data on feasibility and acceptability was collected using post-intervention parent and teacher focus groups and lesson plan evaluation forms. Pre-to-post intervention changes in children's fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity at school were evaluated. Results: Results showed good feasibility and acceptability for the classroom curriculum, activity box and parent tip-sheets. There was a trend towards an increase in children's fruit, 100% fruit juice and vegetable intake and mean minutes of physical activity at school ...
Evidence for a Trypanosoma brucei Lipoprotein Scavenger Receptor

African trypanosomes are lipid auxotrophs that live in the bloodstream of their human and animal hosts. Trypanosomes require lipoproteins in addition to other serum components in order to multiply under axenic culture conditions. Delipidation of the lipoproteins abrogates their capacity to support trypanosome growth. Both major classes of serum lipoproteins, LDL and HDL, are primary sources of lipids, delivering cholesterol esters, cholesterol, and phospholipids to trypanosomes. We show evidence for the existence of a trypanosome lipoprotein scavenger receptor, which facilitates the endocytosis of both native and modified lipoproteins, including HDL and LDL. This lipoprotein scavenger receptor also exhibits selective lipid uptake, whereby the uptake of the lipid components of the lipoprotein exceeds that of the protein components. Trypanosome lytic factor (TLF1), an unusual HDL found in human serum that protects from infection by lysing Trypanosoma brucei brucei, is also bound and endocytosed by this lipoprotein scavenger receptor. HDL and LDL compete for the binding and uptake of TLF1 and thereby attenuate the trypanosome lysis mediated by TLF1. We also show that a mammalian scavenger receptor facilitates lipid uptake from TLF1 in a manner similar to the trypanosome scavenger receptor. Based on these results we propose that HDL, LDL, and TLF1 are all bound and taken up by a lipoprotein scavenger receptor, which may constitute the parasite's major pathway mediating the uptake of essential lipids.
HPA-Axis Reactivity Interacts with Stage of Pubertal Development to Predict the Onset of Depression

Summary Both elevated and blunted levels of cortisol secretion during childhood and adolescence have been linked to the subsequent onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). These mixed findings may be due to developmental changes in HPA-axis functioning, which have not been previously assessed in the context of risk. In the present study, therefore, we examined whether pubertal development moderated the influence of cortisol secretion on the subsequent development of MDD. Eighty-nine never-disordered girls ages 9–15 years, many of whom were at high risk for depression by virtue of having a maternal history of the disorder, completed a laboratory stress task. To index cortisol reactivity, salivary cortisol samples were collected at baseline and 15 min following the onset of the stressor. Girls’ levels of pubertal development were measured using Tanner staging. All participants were followed through age 18 in order to assess the subsequent development of MDD. Pubertal stage moderated the effects of cortisol stress reactivity on the development of MDD. Specifically, the onset of MDD was predicted by cortisol hyporeactivity in girls who were earlier in pubertal development (Tanner stage ≤ 2), but by cortisol hyperreactivity in girls who were later in pubertal development (Tanner stage ≥ 3.5). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that girls’ cortisol stress reactivity predicts the subsequent onset of MDD, and further, that the nature of this effect depends on the girls’ level of pubertal development. Results are discussed in the context of clarifying previous findings, and directions for future research are offered.
A Critical Inquiry of Enslaved African Females and the Antebellum Hospital Experience

There are a multitude of challenges within the academic study of the enslavement of African people, including the varying analyses regarding the extent and quality of medical care provided to these persons. Many of the New Orleans slave narratives detail how enslaved Africans received little in the way of formal medical care and treatment (Clayton, 1990). Other interpretations of antebellum history insist that slaves routinely received medical care from arrangements made or, in some cases administered, by the slave owner (Breeden, 1980). Furthermore, because enslaved Africans in Louisiana were subject to the laws governing consumer protection, and so on, slaveholders (owners, traders, or dealers) were required to guarantee them against disease and illness (Schafer, 1987a). However, there is evidence as well that enslaved Africans in the diaspora participated as skilled practitioners of medical care (Bankole, 1998b; Finch, 1990; Goodson, 1987; Harrison, 19751976). What is certain is that the field of medicine during the antebellum period was growing from rudimentary conceptions of the causes of illness (including the use of folk practices and a plethora of "quack-physicians") to an organized health care service delivery system with trained and licensed physicians. Both Blacks and Whites during this period were at the same time victims of a burgeoning medical field and recipients of aggressive strategies to pro-
A clarification of some current multiplicative confusion models

Abstract Four recently proposed models of confusion are examined within a classification of major types of multiplicative models. It is shown that all four are equivalent within a single confusion matrix but are open to mutual testing across experiments producing two or more confusion matrices. Generalization of these models is considered.
ChAP-MS: A Method for Identification of Proteins and Histone Posttranslational Modifications at a Single Genomic Locus

The field of epigenomics has been transformed by chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches that provide for the localization of a defined protein or posttranslationally modified protein to specific chromosomal sites. While these approaches have helped us conceptualize epigenetic mechanisms, the field has been limited by the inability to define features such as the proteome and histone modifications at a specific genomic locus in an unbiased manner. We developed an unbiased approach whereby a unique native genomic locus was isolated, which was followed by high-resolution proteomic identification of specifically associated proteins and histone posttranslational modifications. This chromatin affinity purification with mass spectrometry (ChAP-MS) technique was used to specifically enrich a ~1,000 base pair section of GAL1 chromatin under transcriptionally active and repressive conditions, as well as to identify the specifically bound proteins and histone posttranslational modifications. ChAP-MS should yield insight into the regulatory mechanisms of transcription and help identify factors that epigenetically control chromatin function.
Uncertainty and the Value of Capital: Marginal Efficiency and the ‘Conventional Projection’

Keynes provided not one but two formulae for calculating the relationship between the Present and the Future. On the one hand we have the well-known Marginal Efficiency of Capital (MEC), where the value of the present stock equals the discounted sum of future earnings, but on the other we have the Conventional Projection (CP) where the expected earnings in the future reflect the productivity of present facilities. The MEC is likely to reflect the views of fund managers, the CP the views of corporate managers. These two sets of judgments of the future may coincide or diverge. Either way they determine the value of the present capital in terms of claims to it—and this determination may be stable or unstable, but in any case will be volatile in the sense that the underlying uncertainty can lead to rapid shifts. By contrast, the Classical Equations will give us the value of present capital in terms of its replacement or real cost. This is reliable, being based on the real side of the economy. The ratio of thi...
Addressing strategic behavior in a deployed microeconomic resource allocator

While market-based systems have long been proposed as solutions for distributed resource allocation, few have been deployed for production use in real computer systems. Towards this end, we present our initial experience using Mirage, a microeconomic resource allocation system based on a repeated combinatorial auction. Mirage allocates time on a heavily-used 148-node wireless sensor network testbed. In particular, we focus on observed strategic user behavior over a four-month period in which 312,148 node hours were allocated across 11 research projects. Based on these results, we present a set of key challenges for market-based resource allocation systems based on repeated combinatorial auctions. Finally, we propose refinements to the system's current auction scheme to mitigate the strategies observed to date and also comment on some initial steps toward building an approximately strategyproof repeated combinatorial auction.
Progress in soil organic matter research: litter decomposition, modelling, monitoring and sequestration

Retention and sequestration of soil organic matter is extremely important for the maintenance of soil structure, agricultural productivity and carbon sequestration. Research in soil organic matter has advanced on many fronts in the last half century. During this time understanding of the factors governing plant litter decomposition has increased considerably resulting in the formulation of process and organism-based models. Remote sensing has been shown to be useful for quickly monitoring stocks of soil organic carbon in the topsoil although much remains to be done to establish its efficacy. Fluxes of soil organic matter in the changing climatic scenarios have been studied though outcomes remain debatable. In this paper an attempt is made to present these various aspects of soil organic matter cohesively. The focus is mainly on litter decomposition, models and monitoring methods, role of soil aggregates and erosion, impact of climate change on long-term dynamics of soil organic matter and impending resear...
The analysis of time: Is the relativistic time unique?

Time is analyzed by considering the actual setup of clock system within the four-dimensional framework. We find that both relativistic time and universal time can be embedded in such a symmetry framework. Although Poincare and Einstein both understood the meaning of Lorentz's local time in terms of sending light signals to calibrate clocks, they differed on a basic point: Einstein believed local time to be the necessary and unique time, while Poincare admitted flexibility in the definitions of time and regarded local time as only a convention. The results of our analysis shed light on Poincare's original idea concerning conventions of time and provide the conceptual basis for the formulation of a new four-dimensional symmetry with a universal time. We demonstrate that the one-way speeds of light measured by stable atomic clocks in rockets may not be isotropic, in contrast to the two-way speeds of light. Furthermore, atomic clocks can be used to set up a clock system which reads a universal (but not absolute) time.
A generalization of the Motzkin-Taussky theorem

Abstract In this paper we generalize the Motzkin-Taussky theorem to matrices with polynomial entries.
Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under residue of hairy vetch and rye

Cover crop residue on the surface of soils in no-tillage systems can suppress weed emergence and growth. Although allelopathy often is invoked to explain weed suppression by residue, physical alterations of the seed environment could be important as well. This experiment was conducted to determine the light, temperature, and moisture conditions under cover crop residue. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) and rye (Secale cereale L.) were desiccated with a contact herbicide and residue rates ranging from one-fourth to four times the natural residue biomass were established in experiments at Beltsville, MD and Ithaca, N.Y. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was determined above and below residue at approximately monthly intervals after initiation of the experiment. Transmittance of PPFD through residue declined according to an exponential decay function of residue biomass. Transmittance was similar through hairy vetch and rye residue initially, but as the experiment progressed, transmittance through hairy vetch residue was greater than that through rye because of faster decomposition of hairy vetch residue. Spectral analysis from 400 to 1100 nm showed a slight increase in transmittance as wavelength increased resulting in a slight lowering of the red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) ratio relative to that of unobstructed sunlight. Soil maximum temperature and daily soil temperature amplitude were reduced by cover crop residue. Residue prevented the decline of soil water content during droughty periods. Results indicated that reductions in light transmittance and daily soil temperature amplitude by cover crop residue were sufficient to reduce emergence of weeds but that maintenance of soil moisture could increase weed emergence.
The Meaning and Measurement of Occupational Image for the Nursing Role

The measurement models used to operationalize nurses' occupational image (role conception), a task-based and value-based model, were examined. Specifically, the discriminant validity of the value-based model and the generalizability of the task-based model were assessed. Results tended to support the task-based but not the value-based model. Implications for theory-building and testing were also discussed.
Attenuating effect of fighting on shock-induced gastric ulceration and hypertension: Hypothesis of inhibition by sensory feedback

Abstract A behavioral-biochemical hypothesis is presented to explain the attenuating effect of fighting on electric-shock induced gastric ulceration and hypertension in rats. It is suggested that shock-induced gastric lesions and hypertension result from undampened oscillations in central cholinergic and adrenergic activity, respectively, and that the sensory input derived from fighting serves to reduce the amplitude of these oscillations via a process of inhibition. The hypothesis suggests that other forms of sensory input in addition to that supplied by fighting — whether self-generated or produced artificially by electrical or mechanical stimulators — would have an identical equilibrating effect on oscillations in neuro-transmitter activity.
Oxygen fixation in the biosynthesis of ferulic acid by green Zea mays

Abstract The results of experiments in which seedlings of Zea mays were grown in the light in an atmosphere enriched with oxygen-18 indicate that the hydroxyl and methoxyl oxygen atoms in ferulic acid are derived from molecular oxygen.
Biosynthetic origin of serum cholesterol in the squirrel monkey: evidence for a contribution by the intestinal wall

The possibility that the intestinal wall serves as a biosynthetic site for serum cholesterol has been examined in two types of studies in the squirrel monkey. First, animals were fed cholesterol in order to inhibit cholesterol synthesis in the liver, and the intestinal lymph ducts were cannulated. After the administration of acetate-2-(14)C it was possible to demonstrate that cholesterol synthesized by the intestinal wall enters intestinal lymph and thereby in the intact animal enters the circulating pool. Second, an attempt to quantitate the significance of this intestinal contribution has been made in animals fed cholesterol-3-(3)H and injected with cholesterol-4-(14)C for long periods. By an application of the technique of analysis utilizing the isotopic steady state we estimated as a minimal value that in the squirrel monkey 1.5-2.0 mg of cholesterol synthesized in the intestinal wall reaches the circulation each day.
Some computational problems related to multinomial trials

Abstract : Efficient numerical algorithms are developed to evaluate several probabilities related to multinomial trials. In the first part of the paper, the probability distribution of the number of trials until the alternatives j, j=1,...,m, have occurred at least (i sub j) times is computed. The multinomial trials involve the m alternatives 1,...,m, with positive probabilities (p sub 1),...,(p sub m), of occurrence. In the second part, several aspects of a multinomial subset selection problem, discussed by S. S. Gupta and K. Nagel, are numerically investigated. (Author)
New Self-Referencing Pressure-Sensitive-Paint Measurement

7Natarajan, R., and Acrivos, A., “The Instability of the Steady Flow past Spheres and Disks,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 254, 1993, pp. 323–344. 8Ormieres, D., and Provansal, M., “Transition to Turbulence in the Wake of a Sphere,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 83, No. 1, 1999, pp. 80–83. 9Sakamoto,H., andHaniu,H., “A StudyofVortex SheddingfromSpheres in a UniformFlow,” Journal of FluidsEngineering, Vol. 112,1990,pp. 386– 392. 10Sakamoto,H., andHaniu,H., “TheFormationMechanismandShedding Frequency of Vortices from a Sphere in Uniform Shear Flow,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 287, 1995, pp. 151–171. 11Tomboulides, A. G., and Orszag, S. A., “Numerical Investigation of Transitional and Weak Turbulent Flow past a Sphere,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 416, 2000, pp. 45–73. 12Mittal, R., “Response of the SphereWake to Freestream Fluctuations,” Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 13, 2000, pp. 397– 419. 13Roos, F. W., and Willmarth, W. W., “Some Experimental Results on Sphere and Disk Drag,” AIAA Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1971, 285–291. 14Wilson, J. J., “Vortex Dynamics and Vortex Shedding Lock-On in the Wake of a Sphere,” M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, July 2000. 15Chong, M. S., Perry, A. E., and Cantwell, B. J., “A General Classi cation of Three-Dimensional Flow Fields,” Physics of Fluids A, Vol. 5, 1990, pp. 765–777. S. K. Aggarwal Associate Editor
Non-lymphokine mediated antileishmanial defence

Sir- Dr Liew's recent review of cell-mediated immunity in cutaneous leishmaniasis (Parasitol. Today, 1986, 2, 264-270) was an excellent synthesis of the state-of-the-art. Specifically, we were pleased by his thoughtful and balanced presentatJon of the concept that lymphokine (MAF/IFN-7) activation of infected macrophages may be the final 'coup de grace' in defence. As he notes, there is extensive in vitro data and limited circumstantial in vivo evidence that supports this conclusion. The paradoxical effect of adoptive transfer of MAt- secreting T-cell lines in exacerbating the infection rather than being protective is a worrisome exception. Clearly, more in vivo work is required to validate the impression regarding the role of lymphokine in defence. Since he did not mention it in his review we would like to point out that we proposed that there exists an additional mechanism of lymphocyte-rnediated activation of macrophage antileishmanial defence I. C57BIJ6 mice experience a self-limited infection with L major. Prior to the onset of parasite attrition, lymphocytes appear in draining lymph nodes that in vitro can induce antileishmanial effects in macrophages infected with homologous or heterologous Leishmania species 1,2. We have clearly shown that this effect does not involve a cytotoxic effect on the host cell t and apparently does not involve lymphokine secretion. Cyclosporin A blocks secretion of lymphokines that activate antileishmanial effe~ in vitro, but does not abrogate the ability of these lymph node lymphocytes to impart such effects 3. Indeed, in contrast to lymphokine-mediated activation, direct contact between lymphocytes and infected macrophages is essential I. A variety of additional observa~ons concerning this mechanism further distinguishes it from lymphokine-mediated defence 4.5. We are presently investigating the po;:ential role of these effector cells in vivo. Those cognizant of the history of cellular immunology may not be surprised by our observations. The early in vitro efforts to dissect lymphocyte- macrophage interactions in defence against intracellular microbes provided some hints that a non-lymphokine mediated, direct cell contact mechanism might exist 6-9. These hints were not pursued, however, since the discovery of macrophage acUvating lymphokines directed full research attention to this pathway of defence. Until more compelling in vivo evidence has been obtained to implicate either lymphokine- or contact-mediated macrophage activation in antileishmanial defence we suggest that both need to be considered as potential mechanisms. David J. Wyler Joseph Sypek
Clinical and genetic features of patients with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens.

Abstract Objectives To review the clinical and genetic findings in men with congenital unilateral absence of the vas deferens (CUAVD). CUAVD is important because of its association with renal anomalies and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene mutations. Methods A retrospective review of two urologic practices, both with subspecialty interest in male infertility, was performed. Renal imaging and cystic fibrosis (CF) testing were recommended to all men found to have CUAVD. Results Fifteen men with CUAVD were identified. Only the 12 men with sufficient clinical data were selected for this study. Three patients had CF mutations, and all had obstruction of the contralateral vas deferens in either the pelvis or retroperitoneum. One patient had obstruction of the contralateral pelvic vas deferens and was negative for all CF mutations tested. Four patients (33%) had renal agenesis. Three patients had ipsilateral renal agenesis, and one had contralateral renal agenesis. No patient with CF mutations had renal agenesis. One had polycystic kidney disease, which was considered an incidental finding. Conclusions Patients with CUAVD may have CF mutations and renal agenesis. Renal ultrasonography and CF testing are therefore recommended for these patients. Patients of reproductive age found to have CUAVD should be counseled about the potential risk of transmission of renal anomalies and CF mutations.
Study of Gas Core Behavior of Passive Cyclonic Two-Phase Separator for Microgravity Applications

Separating gas-liquid two-phase flow is of practical importance for many space engineering systems. While droplet and bubble removal is a naturally occurring phenomenon in most terrestrial situations, the absence of buoyancy in a microgravity environment often results in situations where two disparate phases have no distinct inclination to separate from one another. Passive cyclonic separators can perform this task without moving parts and the reliability concerns of active separators. In such separation devices, separation efficiency is strongly influenced by the gas core behavior. Based on experimental and numerical investigations, the behavior of the gas core with two-phase injection is studied. A control-volume model is developed to capture the relevant physics of the flow in the separator. It is shown that the injection nozzle design, swirl number, and volumetric gas quality all have a major influence on the core size. The present investigation covers a range of volumetric quality from 0 to 0.75, and a range of swirl number from 17 to 28. Both homogeneous and non-homogeneous nozzles are used. The implications of the results are discussed in detail.
The synthesis of 5-amino-v-triazolo[4,5-b] pyridin-7-one (l-deaza-8-azaguanine) and 5-amino-3-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)-v-triazolo[4,5-b] pyridin-7-one (1-deaza-8-azaguanosine)

The synthesis of l-deaza-8-azaguanine has been accomplished via a facile route from pyridine precursors. The site of rihosylation and anomeric configuration of l-deaza-8-azaguanosine and several closely related derivatives was accomplished by cmr and pmr, respectively.
Computational Science, Demystified &#x2026; the Future, Revealed &#x2026; and CiSE, 2013

What are some of the exciting avenues that computational science is exploring, and how can we best give a voice to such emerging ideas?
Peptidbasierte Verfahren zur Herstellung nanostrukturierter anorganischer Materialien

Mit ihrer einzigartigen sequenzspezifischen Selbstorganisation und der Fahigkeit zur Substraterkennung spielen Peptide in naturlichen Systemen eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Steuerung der Biomineralisation anorganischer Nanostrukturen und der Entstehung von Weichgewebe. Daher sind Peptide auch besonders wertvoll fur die Herstellung neuer Materialien, und Forscher vieler Disziplinen bedienen sich heute dieser Molekule, um die Synthese anorganischer Nanostrukturen und den Aufbau weicher Biomaterialien zu steuern. In diesem Aufsatz schildern wir die Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet, wobei unser spezielles Augenmerk der Fahigkeit von Peptiden gilt, die Zusammensetzung und Struktur neuer anorganischer Materialien zu steuern.
Changes in macroingredients of guinea pig milk through lactation.

Milk samples were collected daily from English short-hair albino guinea pigs for 21 d. Analyses included protein, fat, lactose, ash, calories, and specific gravity. All components except lactose increased in concentration gradually from the beginning to end of lactation. Protein percentage began at 6% on d 1 and was 14% on d 21. The pattern of increase was either quadratic or exponential but not rectilinear. Patterns were similar for fat, ash, and calories. Fat on d 1 was 5.6% and 9.0% on d 20. Ash was .97% on d 1 and 1.4% on d 19. Calories per gram milk were 939 on d 1, increasing gradually to 1874 on d 21. Lactose dropped from 5.5% on d 1 to 5.0% on d 2. It remained at 5% until d 6, when it began a gradual decline to .5% on d 20. Thickening of milk and increasing concentrations of protein, fat, ash, and calories, as well as a marked drop in milk volume, resulted from the precipitous decline in lactose concentration of .27%/d from d 6 to 21. Because lactose is the primary controller of osmotic equilibrium and, therefore, the primary regulator of the water content of milk, its decrease in concentration explains the decline in milk volume and the concomitant increases in fat, protein, and solids from d 6 to the end of lactation.
A-V differences of free fatty acids and glycerol in the ovine umbilical circulation.

Conclusions1. Measurement of venous-arterial differences across the umbilical circulation of the sheep fetus in utero and across the maternal uterine circulation in the chronic animal preparation shows no significant passage of free fatty acids to the fetus. This is true despite relatively high maternal blood free fatty acid concentrations. There is a small venous-arterial difference of glycerol across the umbilical circulation; this is, however, sufficient to account for only a small portion of the fetal oxygen consumption due to substances other than glucose. Free fatty acids and glycerol therefore do not appear to constitute a significant part of the metabolic fuel supplied by the mother to the sheep fetus in utero.2. The fetuses of fasted ewes show an elevation of blood free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations. Measurements of venous-arterial differences across the umbilical circulation indicate that this free fatty acid and glycerol rise is of fetal origin.3. Fetal infusion of norepinephrine resul...
Nematic Nanotube Gels

We report the creation of nematic nanotube gels containing large domains of isolated, oriented, half-micron-long, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). We make them by homogeneously dispersing surfactant coated SWNTs at low concentration in an N-isopropyl acrylamide gel and then inducing a volume-compression transition. These gels exhibit hallmark properties of a nematic: birefrigence, anisotropy in optical absorption, and disclination defects. We also investigate the isotropic-to-nematic transition of these gels, and we describe the physical properties of their ensuing nematic state, including a novel buckling of sample walls. Finally, we provide a simple model to explain our observations.
Fuzzy-valued integrals of fuzzy-valued measurable functions with respect to fuzzy-valued measures based on closed intervals

Abstract In this paper we consider the fuzzy-valued integrals of fuzzy-valued measurable functions with respect to fuzzy-valued measures. We invoke the Hausdorff metric to define the metric between two fuzzy numbers, and then to consider the limit of a sequence of fuzzy numbers. In the meantime, we define the supremum and infimum of a sequence of fuzzy numbers. In this setting, the meaning of convergence of a sequence of fuzzy-valued integrals becomes clear; thus we can prove the Monotone Convergence Theorem, Fatou's Lemma and the Dominated Convergence Theorem. Furthermore, the α-level set of this fuzzy-valued integral is a closed interval whose end points are the classical Lebesgue integrals, which are more tractable.
The use of FITC‐conjugated gated monoclonal antibodies for determination of S‐phase cells with fluorescence microscopy

A method is modified to determine the DNA synthesizing cells in primary human breast tumors and cells with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine (FITC-M-anti-BrdUrd) and fluorescence microscopy. The DNA synthesizing cells were also determined from a portion of the same tissues by classical tritiated thymidine labeling (3HdThd) and autoradiography. The results from bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (BrdUrd-LI) and tritiated thymidine labeling index (3HdThd-LI) obtained from the same tissues were compared. The mean BrdUrd-LI for breast tumor was 5.4 +/- 1.0% and the mean 3HdThd-LI was 5.5 +/- 1.1%. Similarly, the labeling indexes obtained from mononuclear leukocytes of healthy donors had means of 0.5 +/- 0.1% and 0.6 +/- 0.1% for BrdUrd-LI and 3HdThd-LI, respectively. The change in the proliferation rate of mononuclear leukocyte population in the samples obtained from patients with ITP could be observed by both methods. The mean BrdUrd-LI of mononuclear leukocytes for this hematological disorder was 5.4 +/- 0.8%. These results suggest that was 6.1 +/- 0.8%. These results suggest that this relatively simple technique offers an alternative method for determining the DNA synthesizing cells in a given cell population.
Mechanisms and models of iridium anomaly shape across the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary

article i nfo The interpretation of the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) iridium anomaly - and other impact ejecta - as the result of a single, large asteroid impact has been the subject of much debate, in part due to the distribution of impact markers beyond the narrow confines of the K-Pg boundary sedimentary layer. Here, we revisit the hypothesized processes leading to the shape of K-Pg iridium profiles including geochemical remobilization and/or diffusion, prolonged deposition, volcanism, multiple impacts, and sediment mixing. Using evidence from the literature and modeling of one North Pacific site, we find that sediment mixing of a single impact event provides the most parsimonious mechanism for iridium profile shape in open ocean oxic sediments, while the increase in background iridium bracketing the boundary likely has a volcanic origin. In some past studies, a sediment mixing mechanism for iridium profile shape was ruled out based on an overly simplified set of expectations for the effect of sediment mixing on markers of geologically instantaneous events. Thus, we introduce and use a Lagrangian sediment mixing model to illustrate the theoretical effects of mixing on records of rapid events. The sediment mixing origin for iridium anomaly shape, the correspondence in mixing extent between iridium and microfossils, and the fit of sediment mixing models to an empirical iridium profile indicate that iridium may provide a better tracer of mixing than previously proposed K-Pg mixing tracers such as Ni-spinels.