cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction of unsaturation into the N-n-alkyl chain of the nicotinic receptor antagonists, NONI and NDNI: effect on affinity and selectivity.

N-n-Octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) andN-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively. This study evaluated effects of introducing unsaturation into theN-n-alkyl chains of NONI and NDNI on inhibition of [3H]nicotine and [3H]methyllycaconitine binding (α4β2* and α7* nAChRs, respectively),86Rb+ efflux and [3H]DA release (agonist or antagonist effects at α4β2* and α6β2*-containing nAChRs, respectively). In the NONI series, introduction of a C3-cis-(NONB3c), C3-trans-(NONB3t), C7-double-bond (NONB7e), or C3-triple-bond (NONB3y) afforded a 4-fold to 250-fold increased affinity for [3H]nicotine binding sites compared with NONI. NONB7e and NONB3y inhibited nicotine-evoked86Rb+ efflux, indicating α4β2* antagonism. NONI analogs exhibited a 3-fold to 8-fold greater potency inhibiting nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow compared with NONI (IC50=0.62 μM; Imax=89%), with no change in Imax, except for NONB3y (Imax=50%). In the NDNI series, introduction of a C4-cis-(NDNB4c), C4-trans-double-bond (NDNB4t), or C3-triple-bond (NDNB3y) afforded a 4-fold to 80-fold decreased affinity for [3H]nicotine binding sites compared with NDNI, whereas introduction of a C9-double-bond (NDNB9e) did not alter affinity. NDNB3y and NDNB4t inhibited nicotine-evoked86Rb+ efflux, indicating anatogonism at α4β2* nAChRs. Although NDNI had no effect, NDNB4t and NDNB9e potently inhibited nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow (IC50=0.02–0.14μM, Imax=90%), as did NDNB4c (IC50=0.08 μM; Imax=50%), whereas NDNB3y showed no inhibition. None of the analogs had significant affinity for α7* nAChRs. Thus, unsaturated NONI analogs had enhanced affinity at α4β2*-and α6β2*-containing nAChRs, however a general reduction of affinity at α4β2* and an uncovering of antagonist effects at α6β2*-containing nAChRs were observed with unsaturated NDNI analogs.
Adult respiratory distress syndrome in neutropenic patients

The precise pathophysiologic mechanisms that cause the adult respiratory distress syndrome are unknown. Indirect evidence from human studies and extrapolations from animal models have suggested that phagocytic neutrophils are important in the pathogenesis of this disease. To further evaluate the role of neutrophils, the frequency of neutropenia in 18 bacteremic patients who had the adult respiratory distress syndrome was compared with that in a control group who had bacteremia alone. Three of 18 patients in the group with the adult respiratory distress syndrome were neutropenic as opposed to one of 18 in the control group (p greater than 0.6). Histologic examination of the lungs from two patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome and neutropenia demonstrated the absence of neutrophils. It is likely that there are many pathways that lead to the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Although neutrophils may be involved in some of these processes, this study demonstrates that neutrophils are not required for the development of the syndrome. In the appropriate clinical setting, the diagnosis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome should not be excluded solely because of neutropenia.
Sublethal effects of three pesticides on Japanese medaka.

One- to 2-day-old medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae were exposed for 4 days to the rice field pesticides methyl parathion, molinate, carbofuran and a mixture of all three. Pesticide concentrations were one-half the 96 h LC50 (“high concentration”) and levels approximating those measured in receiving waters from rice field runoff (“low concentration”). Maximum swimming speed, spontaneous muscular activity, acetylcholinesterase activity, dry weight, RNA:DNA ratio, and five morphometric variables were determined at the end of the exposures. Larvae were retained for an additional 10 days in non-contaminated water, and the same measurements taken to investigate residual effects. Results are compared to a parallel study on striped bass larvae to evaluate the suitability of this species as a surrogate for the bass in toxicological studies involving sublethal exposures.
Adolescents' and mothers' evaluations of justifications for conflicts

Mothers and adolescents differentially evaluate the effectiveness of different reasons for hypothetical parental requests and for adolescent noncompliance, described according to a domain model of social-cognitive development. Mothers and adolescents also differ in their judgments of the likelihood of particular justifications and of whether these justifications will lead to conflict.
Use of Educational Technology in a Program on Technology and Society.

This paper describes how educational technology is being used in components of a Program on Technology and Society. First, two secondary school programs for developing technological literacy are di...
Congenital Volkmann ischaemic contracture: a case report and review

Congenital Volkmann ischaemic contracture or neonatal compartment syndrome has rarely been discussed in the literature of dermatology. The condition often involves the upper extremity with cutaneous lesions, contractures and neuropathy. Because the lesions can be mistaken for other entities including necrotizing fasciitis, neonatal gangrene, congenital varicella, aplasia cutis congenita, amniotic band syndrome, subcutaneous fat necrosis and epidermolysis bullosa, dermatologists play a significant role in the diagnosis and, consequently, the treatment of the patient. We describe a premature newborn who had a unilateral, well-demarcated necrotic plaque with a central pallor at birth. The plaque extended circumferentially over the left forearm from the wrist to the elbow. Left wrist oedema, bullae over the fingers and flaccid paralysis at the wrist were also noted.
Hybrid finite element-boundary element method for vector modeling diffractive optical elements

We apply a 2D hybrid finite element-boundary element method to the analysis of diffractive optical elements (DOEs). We use the finite element method to solve Helmoltz's equation in the interior of a DOE and use the boundary element method, a Green's function approach, to determine the field exterior to the DOE. We couple the two methods at the DOE surface by enforcing field continuity conditions. We use the hybrid method to analyze the diffraction from a binary-phase lens that has subwavelength features and an eight level diffractive lens.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Master Production Scheduling Model for Buyer and Vendor Based on Bargaining Game

Master production scheduling plays an important role in planning levels. The scheduling without coordination will lead to an unsatisfied result. In this paper, the master production scheduling model based on bargaining game between buyer and vendor is established to realize integrated management. The improved solution of Nash equilibrium is achieved by the bargaining game. The simulation results verified the model and algorithms effectiveness.
Emerging therapies for acute renal failure

Ischemia is the most common cause of acute renal failure (ARF). In the last decade, several new and important pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the renal dysfunction have been discovered. These pathophysiological mechanisms include the role of both calcium and calcium-dependent enzymes, oxidant stress, loss of polarity of the tubular cell, tubular obstruction and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptides, neutrophils, intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAM), and growth factors. A better understanding of tubular and vascular mechanisms has led to therapeutic studies in animals and clinical trials in humans. In this review, the pathophysiology of ischemic ARF will be correlated with the rationale for both current and future therapies.
The relationship of provision weight to adult weight and sex ratio in the solitary bee, Ceratina calcarata

. 1 The female of the solitary bee Ceratina calcarata (Robertson) (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae) excavates a tunnel in a pithy twig and then constructs and provisions a linear series of brood cells that make up her nest. 2 Adult females are, on the average, 1.3 times heavier than the males, a significant difference (P<0.001). There is no difference between the sexes in the amount of weight gained per unit of larval food. 3 Larger females occur because their provision masses are, on the average, 1.3 times heavier than male-producing provision masses, a significant difference (P<0.001). 4 Because mothers invest more time and energy in their daughters, Fisher's theory predicts that they should produce more sons. When available resources are fewer in a given year as reflected in lighter provision masses, more males are produced during the year. 5 The observed sex ratio did not differ significantly from the expected, calculated as mean female weight/mean male weight and was male-biased. 6 Unlike species which nest in pre-formed tunnels, the sex of any brood cell except the innermost is random with respect to that cell's position in the nest and the tunnel's depth and diameter. The innermost position contained offspring with a female biased sex ratio (P<0.005).
Neutron Diagnostics for Pulsed Plasma Sources

Neutron detectors have been developed and applied to a variety of pulsed plasma sources with intensities ranging from 102 to 1012 neutrons/pulse. For yields as small as 102 neutrons, a 6Li-glass-scintillator detector is used. A rhodium-activation counter has been developed for yields greater than 106 neutrons. These detectors are used for total yield and angular distribution measurements. Neutron energies are determined primarily by the time-of-flight technique. Limitations on this technique for neutron yield and energy measurements are discussed. Improved methods are needed to measure the spatial extent of these neutron sources.
International Ocean Research: Common opportunities and challenges

The impending interruption of important satellite observations and the need for improvements in data management and communications are of significant concerns to the ocean community. Plans to reduce satellite observations of the ocean will negatively affect both research projects and observational programs. Progress in our understanding of how ocean physics and chemistry interact with living organisms and ecosystems in space and time will be impaired by the loss of high-quality satellite data streams. Prompt action is needed to prevent this from happening. Satellite observation programs that are particularly imperiled and must be maintained include sea surface height, ocean color, and sea surface vector winds and waves. Likewise, the long-term continuity of measurements of sea ice, microwave sea surface temperature, and rainfall measurements must be assured.
Insights on “selecting, evaluating, and updating prospects in direct mail marketing,” by Vithala Rao and Joel Steckel

Abstract In their paper “Selecting, Evaluating, and Updating Prospects in Direct Mail Marketing,” Journal of Direct Marketing, Volume 9, Number 2, 1995, Vithala Rao and Joel Steckel introduced a probability modeling tool as an aid to certain direct market marketing decisions. In this comment we extend their model to include those cases where not everyone targeted by a direct mailing appeal actually read the mailing. We suggest that in direct marketing one should not interpret a nonresponse as lack of interest. Specifically, we add a variable to their model to describe the likelihood that a potential respondent reads third-class mail. We use this extended model to show that even when personal income is assumed to be positively related to the response variable for people on the entire mailing list, the response actually observed may be negatively associated with income.
Sard kernels for certain bivariate cubatures

An error analysis for some bivariate cubatures is given. The remainders are obtained by the use of Sard kernels. Numerical results and computer graphs are given for some of the kernel functions.
Weathering the Storm: Effects of Psychological Safety and Accountability on Performance

Past research has shown that one key enabler of organizational learning and enhanced performance is the degree of psychological safety in the environment in which people work. Other research has pr...
Thermally Induced Transverse Cracking in Graphite-Epoxy Cross-Ply Laminates:

Thermally induced transverse cracking in T300/5208 graphite-epoxy cross-ply laminates was investigated experimentally and theoretically. The six laminate configurations studied were: 0/90(3)s, 0(2)/90(2)s, 0(3)/90s, 90/0(3)s, 90(2)/0(2)s, and 90(3)/0s. The thermal load required to initiate transverse cracking was determined experimentally and compared to a theoretical prediction. Experimental results for the accumulation of transverse cracks under cyclic thermal loading between - 250 and 250 F for up to 500 thermal cycles are presented. The calculated in situ transverse-lamina strength was determined to be at least 1.9 times the unidirectional-lamina transverse tensile strength. All laminate configurations exhibited an increase in crack density with increasing thermal cycles.
A self-configurable computing architecture for unstructured and unknown reconfigurable fabrics

Reconfigurable computing architectures combine the flexibility of software with the performance of custom hardware. Such architectures are of particular interest at the nanoscale as well. We argue that a bottom-up self-assembled fabric will be easier and cheaper to manufacture, however, one has to make compromises with regards to the device regularity, homogeneity, and reliability. In this paper we present a software and hardware framework to measure the performance of a self-configurable computing architecture for unstructured and unknown reconfigurable fabrics composed of simple nodes interconnected by nanowires. The framework allows to create an irregular network of compute nodes where each node can be configured as a simple 1-bit ALU. The compute nodes are organized hierarchically by means of anchor nodes that recruit compute nodes with a chemically-inspired algorithm. The nodes are then self-configured by means of a gate-level netlist describing any digital logic circuit. A topology-agnostic optimization algorithm inspired by simulated annealing is then initiated to self-optimize the circuit for latency. Latency comparisons between non-optimized, brute-force optimized and our optimization algorithm are made for 3 different circuits. The hardware overhead of implementing the optimization algorithm is also discussed. The proposed work presents a step toward building a new generation of compute architectures on irregular fabrics.
Functionalization of ZnO Nanowires for Potential p-Nitrophenol Sensing Applications

In this work, we demonstrate the functionalization of zinc oxide nanowires with carboxylic acid moieties and investigate their potential application as p-nitrophenol sensors. First, synthesis of high quality zinc oxide nanowires along with appropriate characterization results is discussed. Subsequently, oleic acid, as a model system, is used to examine functionalization behavior of nanowire surface. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques are employed to determine nature of bonding and orientation of oleic acid molecule at nanowire surface. Photoluminescence properties of modified- and unmodified ZnO nanowires with oleic acid were investigated. Based on these results, an appropriate receptor capable of sensitive optical detection of p-nitrophenol is proposed. In addition, results on sensing mechanism of the receptor based on fluorescence quenching are reported, which highlight the capability of selective and sensitive detection of p-nitrophenol analyte using the receptor.
Pricing Efficiency in Centralized and Noncentralized Markets

Pricing efficiency in centralized markets is compared with that in noncentralized markets. On the basis of a price formation model, centrally discovered prices are hypothesized to adjust more slowly to equilibrium, but to have lower unpredictable variability, than noncentrally discovered prices. These hypotheses are borne out strongly in market experiments. Mean-squared error is found to be lower in centralized than in noncentralized trading, suggesting centralized markets are the more price efficient.
Hot interconnects 10 - thinking beyond the internet

Microcomputers and their users rely on interconnects to communicate. At the Hot Interconnects 10 conference, which took place 21 to 23 August 2002 at Stanford University, designers and architects from universities and companies met to discuss new technologies for high-performance switches, routers, and packet processing engines. These technologies enable computers and users to seamlessly exchange data over the Internet. They also transport data between multi-processors, interconnect clusters of workstations, and implement the core switching in storage area networks.
The Role of a Single-stranded Nucleotide Loop in Transcriptional Regulation of the Human sod2 Gene *

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, is necessary for survival of aerobic life. Previously, we demonstrated that a Sp1-based promoter is essential for constitutive transcription and a NF-κB-based intronic enhancer is responsible for cytokine-mediated induction. Here we show that nucleophosmin (NPM), a RNA-binding protein, binds to an 11G single-stranded loop in the promoter region and serves to integrate the Sp1 and NF-κB responses. Disruption of the loop structure causes a reduction of both constitutive and inductive transcription due to loss of the binding motif for NPM. Interaction of NF-κB·NPM·Sp1 facilitated by binding of NPM to the loop structure in the promoter region appears to comprise the basic complex for the transcriptional stimulation. These results suggest a novel molecular mechanism for communication between the enhancer and the GC-rich promoter.
Fairtrade, certification, and labor: global and local tensions in improving conditions for agricultural workers

A growing number of multi-stakeholder initiatives seek to improve labor and environmental standards through third-party certification. Fairtrade, one of the most popular third-party certifications in the agro-food sector, is currently expanding its operations from its traditional base in commodities like coffee produced by peasant cooperatives to products like flowers produced by hired labor enterprises. My analysis reveals how Fairtrade’s engagement in the hired labor sector is shaped by the tensions between (1) traditional market and industrial conventions, rooted in price competition, bureaucratic efficiency, product standardization and certification and (2) alternative domestic and civic conventions, rooted in trust, personal ties, and concerns for societal wide benefits. At the global level, these tensions shape Fairtrade’s global standard setting as reflected in Fairtrade’s recently revised labor standards. At the local level, these tensions shape the varied impacts of certification on the ground as revealed through a case study of certified flower production in Ecuador.
Polarization Measures of Jupiter and Saturn

Polarization observations of Saturn in UV and visible regions compared with Jupiter data, noting multiple scattering
Occipital ganglio-neuroblastoma in an adult

Introduction Ganglioneuroblastomas (GNBs) are embryonic neoplasms, whose behaviour are not well established; 80% of cases occur in the first decade, while only two cases in the adulthood had been reported.
Epstein–Barr virus replicating in epithelial cells

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous and potentially oncogenic human herpesvirus (1), was discovered 50 y ago this year in a lymphoid cell line grown from a Burkitt lymphoma (2). Since that time, virus latency and replication have been intensively studied in B cells, which are easily infected and maintained in vitro. Nine years after its discovery in B cells, it was shown that EBV is also harbored in the epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (3). Study of the interaction of the virus with this cell type has, however, been significantly hampered by difficulties in establishing reproducible and robust infection in vitro. In PNAS, Temple et al. (4) report efficient replication of EBV in stratified epithelium. The authors generated organotypic or “raft” cultures from primary gingival or tonsil epithelial cells and successfully infected them from the apical surface either by overlaying cultures with EBV-producing B-cell lines or by addition of cell-free virus. The replicating virus spread throughout the suprabasal epithelium, expressing latency proteins along with those of the lytic cycle. No cells were found expressing latency proteins alone, and no virus was seen in the basal epithelium.
Individual versus social discount rates in allocating depletable natural resources over time

Abstract This paper demonstrates that individuals express different preferences with respect to intertemporal allocation of depletable natural resources. Those who obtain direct private control of these resources may be relatively less likely to conserve than society in general.
An application-specific routing algorithm to maximize flow-lifetime in sensor networks

Energy efficient routing has been well investigated with the goal of maximizing the network lifetime, which is usually defined as the time the first node dies. Once a node is dead, data transmissions in the network are assumed to fail. In this paper, we present a novel application-specific energy-efficient routing algorithm to maximize the lifetime of application flows in wireless sensor networks. We consider the network remains alive as long as the energy can maintain the flows of the application traffic even if some nodes run out of battery. First, we formulate the routing problem as a linear programming problem, which can be converted to a max-min fairness problem. Second, the lifetime of a path is evaluated by analyzing link metrics including residual energy, transmission rate, and link distance. Third, a heuristic routing algorithm is proposed to compute the best route which minimizes the cost of application flows. Simulation results have shown that our routing algorithm can prolong the flows lifetime around 10%.
Sampling, characterization, and remote sensing of aerosols formed in the atmospheric hydrolysis of uranium hexafluoride

Abstract When gaseous uranium hexafluoride (UF6) is released into the atmosphere, it rapidly reacts with ambient moisture to form an aerosol of uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) and hydrogen fluoride (HF). As part of our Safety Analysis program, we have performed several experimental releases of UF6 in contained volumes in order to investigate techniques for sampling and characterizing the aerosol materials. The aggregate particle morphology and size appear to be dependent upon several conditions, including the relative humidity of the air into which it is released, and the elapsed time after the release. Aerosol composition and settling rate have been investigated using stationary samplers for the separate collection of UO2F2 and HF, and via laser spectroscopic remote sensing (Mie scatter and infrared spectroscopy).
A Transverse-Field-Focussing (TFF) Accelerator for Intense Ribbon Beams

In a TFF Accelerator, a transverse electric field is set up between pairs of curved deflecting plates. Charged particles passing between the plates are both deflected and strongly focussed by the field. Average-straight-line motion (if desired) is obtainable by having the successive pairs of plates curve in alternating directions (with corresponding reversal of the field). Acceleration is achieved by adjusting the mean voltage on each succeeding pair of plates. Computer simulations are in good agreement with the analytically calculated beam dynamics; they show no evidence of beam instabilities and almost no emittance growth. A design for a 400 keV, 8 A/meter, single-ribbon dc accelerator will be presented.
Individual variability in the anatomical distribution of nodes participating in rich club structural networks

With recent advances in computational analyses of structural neuroimaging, it is possible to comprehensively map neural connectivity, i.e., the brain connectome. The architectural organization of the connectome is believed to play an important role in several biological processes. Central to the conformation of the connectome are connectivity hubs, which are likely to be organized in accordance with the rich club phenomenon, as evidenced by graph theory analyses of neural architecture. It is yet unclear whether rich club connectivity hubs are consistently organized in the same anatomical framework across healthy adults. We constructed the brain connectome from 43 healthy adults, based on T1-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI data. Probabilistic fiber tractography was used to evaluate connectivity between each possible pair of cortical anatomical regions of interest. Connectivity hubs were identified in accordance with the rich club phenomenon applied to binarized matrices, and the variability in frequency of hub participation was assessed node-wise across all subjects. The anatomical location of nodes participating in rich club networks was fairly consistent across subjects. The most common locations for rich club nodes were identified in integrative areas, such as the cingulate and pericingulate regions, medial aspect of the occipital areas and precuneus; or else, they were found in important and specialized brain regions (such as the oribitofrontal cortex, caudate, fusiform gyrus, and hippocampus). Marked anatomical consistency exists across healthy brains in terms of nodal participation and location of rich club networks. The consistency of connections between integrative areas and specialized brain regions highlights a fundamental connectivity pattern shared among healthy brains. We propose that approaching brain connectivity with this framework of anatomical consistencies may have clinical implications for early detection of individual variability.
Evidence for Interfacial [FDCl]-in Collisions between DCl and F-in KF-Glycerol Solutions

Fluoride ions dissolved in glycerol readily react with DCl molecules from the gas phase when they come into contact in the near-interfacial region. These reactions are investigated by directing DCl molecules at the surface of 0.5−4.0 M KF−glycerol solutions in vacuum and monitoring the velocities and residence times of the DCl, HCl, and HF products. Although F− ions are expected to be repelled from the surface region, we find that they radically alter two near-interfacial channels: the submicrosecond conversion of DCl into HCl and desorption of intact DCl. F− ions eliminate rapid DCl → HCl exchange at concentrations of 2.5 and 4.0 M KF, instead converting DCl into HF molecules that slowly desorb from solution. F− ions also steal away thermalized DCl molecules that would have desorbed from the surface of pure glycerol. This scavenging of DCl by F− implies that some F− ions approach DCl molecules near the surface and form [FDCl]−. The complex then decays into DF and Cl−, followed by DF → HF exchange and slo...
Working tools for theoretical chemistry: Polanyi, eyring, and debates over the “semiempirical method”

Following along with the development of electron theory and quantum mechanics in the 1910s and 1920s, physical chemists began incorporating these new theories and approaches in their studies of activation energies, transition states, and chemical reactions for simple atomic and molecular systems. Among these chemists was Michael Polanyi, one of the founders of modern chemical dynamics, who collaborated with Henry Eyring in the development in the 1930s of a theory of the activated transition state and absolute reaction rates using potential energy surfaces and a semiempirical methodology. This paper examines the circumstances of their collaborative work, its reception, and its implications for further chemical research. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 28: 98–108, 2007
Sequences of series

Abstract The purpose of this work is to introduce new types of sequences, whose terms are infinite series instead of real numbers, and to examine the convergence/divergence of these sequences and of the sum of its terms.
The roles of toughness and cohesive strength on crack deflection at interfaces

In order to design composites and laminated materials, it is necessary to understand the issues that govern crack deflection and crack penetration at interfaces. Historically, models of crack deflection have been developed using either a strength-based or an energy-based fracture criterion. However, in general, crack propagation depends on both strength and toughness. Therefore, in this paper, crack deflection has been studied using a cohesive-zone model which incorporates both strength and toughness parameters simultaneously. Under appropriate limiting conditions, this model reproduces earlier results that were based on either strength or energy considerations alone. However, the general model reveals a number of interesting results. Of particular note is the apparent absence of any lower bound for the ratio of the substrate to interface toughness to guarantee crack penetration. It appears that, no matter how tough an interface is, crack deflection can always be induced if the strength of the interface is low enough compared to the strength of the substrate. This may be of significance for biological applications where brittle organic matrices can be bonded by relatively tough organic layers. Conversely, it appears that there is a lower bound for the ratio of the substrate strength to interfacial strength, below which penetration is guaranteed no matter how brittle the interface. Finally, it is noted that the effect of modulus mismatch on crack deflection is very sensitive to the mixed-mode failure criterion for the interface, particularly if the cracked layer is much stiffer than the substrate.
Psychological Type and Academic Performance in the Managerial Accounting Course

The authors examined the relationship between personality preferences as measured by the Keirsey Temperament Sorter (KTS-II) and academic performance for students in an undergraduate managerial accounting course. They developed a correlation model linking the strength of personality preferences in the KTS-II to academic performance by students who were enrolled in the managerial accounting course at a large public university in Maryland. There were 109 undergraduate business students who participated. The authors found that individuals with certain personality traits (nonguardian and intuitive types) performed better in managerial accounting tasks than guardian and sensing types. They anticipated these results because nonguardian and intuitive types have personality traits that are considered necessary for a successful career in management accounting.
Synthesis of [11C] N‐(2‐chloro‐5‐thiomethylphenyl)‐N′‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐N′‐methylguanidine ([11C]GMOM): a candidate PET tracer for imaging the PCP site of the NMDA ion channel

The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ion channel plays an important role in a number of neurodegenerative disorders including stroke, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's Chorea, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and epilepsy. To provide effective radioligands for imaging the PCP binding site of the NMDA ion channel, we synthesized and characterized in vitro the candidate PCP site ligand N-(2-chloro-5-thiomethylphenyl)-N′-(3-methoxyphenyl)-N′-methylguanidine (GMOM: Ki = 5.2 ± 0.3 nM, log P = 2.34). The corresponding PET radiotracer [11C]GMOM was synthesized with a radiochemical yield of 8.4 ± 3.2% EOS and with a specific activity of 1.23 ± 0.25 Ci/μmol EOS (n = 5). The average time required for synthesis, purification and formulation was 52 ± 5 min. The final product was prepared in a sterile saline solution suitable for in vivo use. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular-Based Data-Extracting Method for Trip Distribution

With the rapid development of cell phone-locating technologies, traffic data-extracting methods through cell phones start to play an important role in urban transportation planning and network analysis. This study investigates a cellular-based method to extract trip distribution data for urban transportation planning. In this method, the trip distribution table is generated as output with input of spatiotemporal information retrieved from cell phone subscribers. An experiment adopting this method has been implemented in China to test the feasibility of the method. The favorable outcomes obtained from the experiment exhibit high practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Distribution of helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in subsets of rhesus macaque peripheral blood T-lymphocytes as determined by monoclonal antibodies: Tγ, Tμ, T-null, and histamine receptor bearing T-cells☆

Abstract Rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta ) peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed for the distribution of helper and suppressor/cytotoxic cells using the T-cell subset specific monoclonal antibodies T4 and T8 respectively. Highly purified T-lymphocytes (> 90% E-rosetted) were separated into subpopulations by rosetting with IgG (Tγ) and Igm (Tμ) sensitized bovine red blood cells, or by adsorption with insolubilized histamine. In this study, rhesus peripheral blood T-lymphocytes were found to express cell-surface determinates recognized by T4 and T8 monoclonal antibodies. Subset frequencies were found to be comparable to that found in humans (50% T4 and 33% T8). The helper subpopulation, Tμ, contained 30% T4 and 2% T8 type cells. These results suggest Tγ helper activity may be due to a selective depletion of suppressor cells, rather than an enrichment of helper T-cells. The suppressor subpopulations, Tγ, contained 9% T4 and 2% T8 type cells. These results suggest Tγ cells may represent either an undifferentiated suppressor cell or, perhaps, a separate suppressor subpopulation which does not express T8 differentiation antigens. The Tγ-subpopulation (depleted of cells with Fc-IgG receptors) was rich in helper T-cells (52% T4) and depleted of suppressor T-cells (6% T8). T-cells depleted of cells expressing IgM or IgG receptors, T-null, contained 47% T4 and 12% T8 type cells. Further, T-cells adsorbed with insolubilized histamine were selectively depleted (70% reduction) of T8 type cells, while the frequency of T4 type cells remained unaffected by histamine absorption. The majority of suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells (T8), therefore, appear to express cell-surface receptors for histamine.
Prolonged longevity of hypopituitary dwarf mice

In two types of mutant dwarf mice, congenital deficiencies in pituitary function are associated with remarkably increased life expectancy. In this review, we will describe the key phenotypic characteristics of these animals, the evidence that they exhibit delayed aging, and the mechanisms that are suspected to account for their prolonged longevity.
Ultrastructure of the mouse tracheal epithelium

The ultrastructure of mouse tracheal epithelium was examined. The three cell types, basal cells, ciliated cells and goblet cells, described for other mammalian trachea were found to be present although goblet cells occurred only rarely. A cell type, termed the nonciliated cell, not described in other mammalian trachea was frequently found in mouse tracheal epithelium. These cells contained abundant smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, a large Golgi complex, and many mitochondria. There were many vesciles containing an electron dense material near the luminal surface of these cells; these cells were positive for PAS. These features suggested a secretory function for the cells. This, along with the scarcity of goblet cells, suggested that the nonciliated cells of mouse tracheal epithelium fulfill the function of the goblet cells found in other mammalian trachea.
Influence of genotype and diet on steer performance, manure odor, and carriage of pathogenic and other fecal bacteria. III. Odorous compound production.

Three beef cattle diets were assessed for their potential to produce odorous compounds from cattle feces excreted during the growing and finishing periods. Eight pens containing 51 steers of varying proportions of Brahman and MARC III genotypes were fed either a chopped bromegrass hay diet or a corn silage diet for a 119-d growing period. After the growing period, all steers were switched to the same high-corn finishing diet (high corn) and fed to a target weight of 560 kg (finishing period). Fecal slurries were prepared from a composite of fresh fecal pats collected in each pen during both periods and incubated anaerobically. In additional flasks, starch, protein, or cellulose was added to the composite fecal subsamples to determine the preferred substrates for fermentation and odorous compound production. The content and composition of the fermentation products varied both initially and during the incubation, depending on the diet fed to the steers. The corn silage and high corn feces had the greater initial content of VFA (381.0 and 524.4 μmol/ g of DM, respectively) compared with the bromegrass feces (139.3 μmol/g of DM) and accumulated more VFA than the bromegrass feces during the incubation. L-Lactic acid and VFA accumulation in the high corn and corn silage feces was at the expense of starch, based on starch loss and the production of straight-chain VFA. In the bromegrass feces, accumulation of branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds and the low starch availability indicated that the protein in the feces was the primary source for odorous compound production. Substrate additions confirmed these conclusions. We conclude that starch availability was the primary factor determining accumulation and composition of malodorous fermentation products, and when starch was unavailable, fecal microorganisms utilized protein.
Long-range and short-range mechanisms of hydrophobic attraction and hydrophilic repulsion in specific and aspecific interactions

Among the three different non-covalent forces acting in aqueous media, i.e. Lifshitz-van der Waals (LW), Lewis acid-base (AB) and electrical double layer (EL) forces, the AB forces or electron-acceptor/electron-donor interactions are quantitatively by far the predominant ones. A subset of the AB forces acting in water causes the hydrophobic effect, which is the attraction caused by the hydrogen-bonding (AB) free energy of cohesion between the water molecules which surround all apolar as well as polar molecules and particles when they are immersed in water. As the polar energy of cohesion among water molecules is an innate property of water, the hydrophobic attraction (due to the hydrophobic effect) is unavoidably always present in aqueous media and has a value of DeltaG(hydrophobic) = -102 mJ/m(2), at 20 degrees C, being equal to the AB free energy of cohesion between the water molecules at that temperature. The strong underlying hydrophobic attraction due to this effect can, however, be surmounted by very hydrophilic molecules and particles that attract water molecules more strongly than the free energy of attraction of these molecules or particles for one another, plus the hydrogen-bonding free energy of cohesion between the water molecules, thus resulting in a net non-electrical double layer repulsion. Each of the three non-covalent forces, LW, AB or EL, any of which can be independently attractive or repulsive, decays, dependent on the circumstances, as a function of distance according to different rules. These rules, following an extended DLVO (XDLVO) approach, are given, as well as the measurement methods for the LW, AB and EL surface thermodynamic properties, determined at "contact". The implications of the resulting hydrophobic attractive and hydrophilic repulsive free energies, as a function of distance, are discussed with respect to specific and aspecific interactions in biological systems. The discussion furnishes a description of the manner by which shorter-range specific attractions can surmount the usually much stronger long-range aspecific repulsion, and ends with examples of in vitro and in vivo effects of hydrophilization of biopolymers, particles or surfaces by linkage with polyethylene oxide (PEO; also called polyethylene glycol, PEG).
Simplified vapor growth of arsenic single crystals

Abstract Large, strain free single crystals of α-arsenic were grown by the vapor phase technique. The method uses a simplified thermal profile and an easy to construct clear fused silica growth ampoule. Total growth time is approximately 3 days. Growth conditions and physical equipment descriptions are reported.
Requirement of microfilaments in sorting of actin messenger RNA

Specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) can be sequestered within distinct cellular locations, but little is known about how this is accomplished. The participation of the three major cellular filaments in the localization of actin mRNA was studied in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Movement of actin mRNA to the cell periphery and maintenance of that regionalization required intact microfilaments (composed of actin) but not microtubules or intermediate filaments. The results presented here suggest that actin-binding proteins may participate in mRNA sorting.
Environmental testing of a glass-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic

Stress-corrosion data for poly(ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with short glass fibers are provided under various environments and the microscopic observations are compared with the lifetime data. It is concluded that the lifetime behavior coincides with the microstructural features; this aspect is quantified by the statistical analysis.
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) Effects on Serum and Liver Lipid Levels in Gallus domesticus

The food antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxy-toluene (BHT) were fed to chickens to determine their effect on lipid metabolism. BHA and BHT did not affect chicken growth, blood lipid levels or liver lipid levels when the birds were fed a normal ration. When a high fat, high cholesterol ration was fed, chickens developed increased levels of blood and liver lipids and experienced decreased growth rates. The addition of either antioxidant in the presence of a high fat high cholesterol diet maintained higher serum lipid levels and caused decreases in liver lipid levels.
Observation of quantum shock waves created with ultra- compressed slow light pulses in a Bose-Einstein condensate.

We have used an extension of our slow light technique to provide a method for inducing small density defects in a Bose-Einstein condensate. These sub- resolution, micrometer-sized defects evolve into large-amplitude sound waves. We present an experimental observation and theoretical investigation of the resulting breakdown of superfluidity, and we observe directly the decay of the narrow density defects into solitons, the onset of the “snake” instability, and the subsequent nucleation of vortices.
The human prointerleukin 1 beta gene requires DNA sequences both proximal and distal to the transcription start site for tissue-specific induction.

In these studies, we have identified DNA sequences and specific protein interactions necessary for transcriptional regulation of the human prointerleukin 1 beta (proIL-1 beta) gene. A cell-type-independent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive enhancer element located between -3757 and -2729 bp upstream from the transcription start site (cap site) consisted of at least six discrete subregions which were essential to the maximal induction by LPS in transfected monocytes. The enhancer also appeared to mediate phorbol myristate acetate induction in monocytes and IL-1 responsiveness in fibroblasts. Deletion and base substitution mutations along with DNA binding studies demonstrated that the enhancer contained a minimum of three functional protein binding sequences, two of which appeared to be important for gene induction. One of the essential proteins which bound to the enhancer was similar or identical to members of the C/EBP family of transcription factors required for both IL-1- and LPS-specific induction of the IL-6 gene (i.e., the NF-IL6 proteins). When ligated to the proIL-1 beta cap site-proximal region (located between -131 to +12), both the proIL-1 beta and the simian virus 40 enhancer elements functioned more efficiently in monocytes than in HeLa cells, which are not normally competent for IL-1 beta expression. When ligated to the murine c-fos promoter, however, the proIL-1 beta enhancer was inducible in phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated HeLa cells, suggesting the existence of a proIL-1 beta promoter-proximal requirement for tissue specificity.
QUANTITATION OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX PROTEINS: EVALUATION OF VARIOUS PROTEIN MEASUREMENT METHODS

The allergy to natural rubber latex (NRL) proteins is a significant occupational health hazard. The elimination or reduction of the water-soluble proteins from finished NRL products is oneapproach aimed at decreasing further sensitization and reactions to these allergens. To achieve this goal, a reliable protein measurement method is required. Several published and widely used methods for protein measurement in finished NRL products demonstrate major inconsistencies in the quantification of extractable NRL proteins in comparison to the Kjeldahl nitrogen assay and the gravimetrically determined reference. Multiple protein assays and several reference proteins were examined to determine the most suitable method for the quantitation of soluble NRL proteins. Among the reference proteins evaluated (BSA, BGG, and OA), OA was found to correlate best with gravimetrically determined levels of NRL proteins. Of the protein assays evaluated (Bradford, BCA, and Lowry), the modified Lowry assay demonstrated the best un...
Fate of sulfamethoxazole, 4-nonylphenol, and 17β-estradiol in groundwater contaminated by wastewater treatment plant effluent

Organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) were measured in samples collected from monitoring wells located along a 4.5-km transect of a plume of groundwater contaminated by 60 years of continuous rapid infiltration disposal of wastewater treatment plant effluent. Fifteen percent of the 212 OWCs analyzed were detected, including the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SX), the nonionic surfactant degradation product 4-nonylphenol (NP), the solvent tetrachloroethene (PCE), and the disinfectant 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Comparison of the 2005 sampling results to data collected from the same wells in 1985 indicates that PCE and DCB are transported more rapidly in the aquiferthan NP, consistent with predictions based on compound hydrophobicity. Natural gradient in situ tracer experiments were conducted to evaluate the subsurface behavior of SX, NP, and the female sex hormone 17beta-estradiol (E2) in two oxic zones in the aquifer: (1) a downgradient transition zone at the interface between the contamination plume and the overlying uncontaminated groundwater and (2) a contaminated zone located beneath the infiltration beds, which have not been loaded for 10 years. In both zones, breakthrough curves for the conservative tracer bromide (Br-) and SX were nearly coincident, whereas NP and E2 were retarded relative to Br- and showed mass loss. Retardation was greater in the contaminated zone than in the transition zone. Attenuation of NP and E2 in the aquifer was attributed to biotransformation, and oxic laboratory microcosm experiments using sediments from the transition and contaminated zones show that uniform-ring-labeled 14C 4-normal-NP was biodegraded more rapidly 130-60% recovered as 14CO2 in 13 days) than 4-14C E2 (20-90% recovered as 14CO2 in 54 days). There was little difference in mineralization potential between sites.
Intravenous fat emulsion therapy for intentional sustained-release verapamil overdose

We report the first case of sustained-release verapamil toxicity treated with Intralipid fat emulsion (IFE). Toxicity was confirmed by elevated serial serum verapamil and metabolite, norverapamil, levels. Most previously reported cases of IFE therapy involve local anaesthetic toxicity and cardiac arrest. Our patient was in shock despite standard therapy. No adverse events were noted and the patient fully recovered.