cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Carbamazepine coadministration with an oral contraceptive: Effects on steroid pharmacokinetics, ovulation, and bleeding

PURPOSE: Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are widely used in reproductive-age women. The AED carbamazepine (CBZ) induces the hepatic cytochrome P450 system thereby accelerating hormone metabolism. We sought to assess the pharmacodynamic effects of CBZ on breakthrough bleeding and ovulation during oral contraceptive (OC) use. METHODS: A double-blind randomized crossover study of healthy women ages 18-35 years. Participants took an OC containing 20 mug ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 100 mug levonorgestrel (LNG) for 4 months. Concurrently participants took 600 mg CBZ or a matching placebo for 2 months each administered in random order. During the second month of CBZ or placebo we measured EE and LNG levels 12 times over 24 h ovarian follicular diameters with eight biweekly vaginal ultrasounds weekly progesterone levels and bleeding (using a diary). KEY FINDINGS: We enrolled 25 women; 10 completed the study. Five women discontinued because of reversible CBZ side effects. Mean area under the curve (AUC) measurements were lower during CBZ use compared to placebo for EE (1778 vs. 986 pg*h/ml p < 0.001) and LNG (24.8 vs. 13.8 pg*h/ml p = 0.04). Ovulation occurred in 5 of 10 CBZ cycles compared to 1 of 10 placebo cycles (p = 0.06). Three or more days of breakthrough bleeding occurred during 8 of the 10 CBZ cycles compared to 2 of the 10 placebo cycles (p = 0.07). SIGNIFICANCE: A commonly used dose of CBZ decreased levels of contraceptive steroids increased breakthrough bleeding and permitted ovulation during use of a low-dose OC. Women treated with CBZ are not adequately protected from pregnancy by low-dose OCs. Wiley Periodicals Inc. (c) 2011 International League Against Epilepsy.
System Lifecycle Cost Under Uncertainty as a Design Metric Encompassing the Value of Architectural Flexibility

In this work, we develop an alternative metric and approach for system design and acquisition decisions that encompasses system flexibility called assured system lifecycle cost under uncertainty, or simply stochastic lifecycle cost. We use this metric to compare the overall lifecycle costs of an existing monolithic satellite system to a hypothetical fractionated satellite system that provides the same service. Different approaches to fractionation are investigated. Lifecycle cost calculations are derived in a non-deterministic form using Monte Carlo simulations incorporating launch and component failure uncertainty to produce mean values with associated variances for statistical comparison. We find that the total lifecycle cost of fractionated satellite architectures are comparable to monolithic satellite architectures when the individual satellite design lifetimes are longer and are aligned with individual satellite expected mean mission durations based on component failure reliability.
Closed-loop identification for model predictive control: Direct method

Model predictive control (MPC) is a widely used control scheme that handles constraints directly. In practice, the initial performance of MPC is usually satisfactory after a careful setup stage. However, over time, physical changes in the plant may invalidate the predictive model used in MPC and control performance degrades. Thus at least a model update is needed to restore the plant performance. Since the initial commissioning of MPC can be long and costly, serious attention should be given to closed-loop identification for MPC. This paper shows that if the MPC exhibited complex enough behavior during normal operation then one can obtain good model update based solely on the informative operation data. If needed, one can design an experiment aimed at increasing the complexity of MPC in order to avoid undesirable actuator saturations. The explicit piecewise affine solution of MPC is used to analyze both questions.
Dopamine D3 receptor antagonist effects on the motivational effects of ethanol.

Dopaminergic systems are thought to play important roles in the motivational effects of ethanol. In the present experiments, we examined the effects of U99194A, a putative dopamine D(3) receptor antagonist, on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference, locomotor stimulation, taste aversion, and self-administration. In two separate studies with the use of a place conditioning procedure, adult male Swiss-Webster mice received six pairings of a tactile stimulus with ethanol (1 or 3 g/kg, i.p.), U99194A (20 mg/kg, i.p.), or ethanol + U99194A. For determination of ethanol-stimulated activity, subjects received U99194A at a dose of 0, 10, 20, or 30 mg/kg 15 min before ethanol at 0, 1, or 2 g/kg immediately before a 30-min locomotor activity test. In a taste conditioning procedure, subjects received five 1-h access periods to 0.2 M NaCl. After the first four access periods, subjects received ethanol at 0, 2, or 4 g/kg and U99194A at 0, 10, or 20 mg/kg. In an oral self-administration procedure, male C57BL/6J mice received U99194A at 0, 10, or 20 mg/kg, followed by 30-min access to 10% (wt./vol.) sucrose or 10% (vol./vol.) ethanol in 10% sucrose. The acquisition of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference was enhanced by U99194A. However, U99194A did not produce significant preference alone. U99194A did not alter locomotor stimulation produced by an injection of ethanol at 2 g/kg. U99194A also did not alter the acquisition of ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion and did not change oral ethanol self-administration. These results support the suggestion that dopamine D(3) receptors have specific involvement in ethanol reward, as measured by place conditioning, but are not important for ethanol-stimulated activity, ethanol taste aversion, or ethanol intake.
Self-regulated learning study strategies and academic performance in undergraduate organic chemistry: An investigation examining ethnically diverse students

This study sought to identify ethnically diverse students' study strategies in organic chemistry and their relationships to course outcomes. Study diaries, concept maps, and problem sets were used to assess study outcomes. Findings show that students engage in four commonly used reviewing-type strategies, regardless of ethnic group affiliation. However, these common strategies were rarely associated with students' problem solving, concept mapping, or course performance. In addition, students seldom engaged in metacognitive and peer learning strategies despite their reported benefits in the literature. Implications for research and practice are discussed in light of these findings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach
Computational modeling of cathodic limitations on localized corrosion of wetted SS 316L at room temperature

The ability of a SS 316L surface wetted with a thin electrolyte layer to serve as an effective cathode for an active localized corrosion site was studied computationally. The dependence of the total net cathodic current, Inet, supplied at the repassivation potential Erp (of the anodic crevice) on relevant physical parameters including water layer thickness (WL), chloride concentration ([Cl � ]) and length of cathode (Lc) were investigated using a three-level, full factorial design. The effects of kinetic parameters including the exchange current density (io,c) and Tafel slope (bc) of oxygen reduction, the anodic passive current density (ip) (on the cathodic surface), and Erp were studied as well using three-level full factorial designs of [Cl � ] and Lc with a fixed WL of 25 lm. The study found that all the three parameters WL, [Cl � ] and Lc as well as the interactions of Lc · WL and Lc · [Cl � ] had significant impact on Inet. A five-factor regression equation was obtained which fits the computation results reasonably well, but demonstrated that interactions are more complicated than can be explained with a simple linear model. Significant effects on Inet were found upon varying either io,c, bc ,o rErp, whereas ip in the studied range was found to have little impact. It was observed that Inet asymptotically approached maximum values (Imax) when Lc increased to critical minimum values. Imax can be used to
Near Real-Time Simulation of Rotorcraft Acoustics and Flight Dynamics

In this paper, a near-real-time rotorcraft flight dynamics-acoustics prediction system is presented. The highfidelity PSU-WOPWOP rotor noise prediction code is coupled with the GENHEL flight simulation code, which provides low-fidelity blade loading and motion. This system is an initial step intended to investigate the feasibility of real-time rotorcraft noise prediction and to demonstrate the utility of such a system. Limited acoustic validation is shown for a contemporary-design four-bladed main rotor in level flight. A complex 80-s maneuver was used to demonstrate the potential of the coupled system. This realistic maneuver includes a climb, coordinated turn, and level flight conditions. The noise predictions show changes in main rotor noise radiation strength and directivity caused by maneuver transients, aircraft attitude changes, and the aircraft flight—but do not include the effect of blade-vortex-interaction noise. A comparison of the total noise with the thickness and loading noise components helps explain the noise directivity. The computations for a single observer were very fast, although the algorithm is not currently organized as a real-time computation.
Niche evolution and adaptive radiation: testing the order of trait divergence.

In the course of an adaptive radiation, the evolution of niche parameters is of particular interest for understanding modes of speciation and the consequences for coexistence of related species within communities. We pose a general question: In the course of an evolutionary radiation, do traits related to within-community niche differences (a niche) evolve before or after differentiation of macrohabitat affinity or climatic tolerances (b niche)? Here we introduce a new test to address this question, based on a modification of the method of independent contrasts. The divergence order test (DOT) is based on the average age of the nodes on a tree, weighted by the absolute magnitude of the contrast at each node for a particular trait. The comparison of these weighted averages reveals whether large divergences for one trait have occurred earlier or later in the course of diversification, relative to a second trait; significance is determined by bootstrapping from maximum-likelihood ancestral state reconstructions. The method is applied to the evolution of Ceanothus, a woody plant group in California, in which co-occurring species exhibit significant differences in a key leaf trait (specific leaf area) associated with contrasting physiological and life history strategies. Co- occurring species differ more for this trait than expected under a null model of community assembly. This a niche difference evolved early in the divergence of two major subclades within Ceanothus, whereas climatic distributions (b niche traits) diversified later within each of the subclades. However, rapid evolution of climate parameters makes inferences of early divergence events highly uncertain, and differentiation of the b niche might have taken place throughout the evolution of the group, without leaving a clear phylogenetic signal. Similar patterns observed in several plant and animal groups suggest that early divergence of a niche traits might be a common feature of niche evolution in many adaptive radiations.
Evidence Matters Summer 2013

The articles in this issue of Evidence Matters explore a range of strategies designed to promote affordable housing preservation at the national, state, and local levels. The lead article, “Preserving Affordable Rental Housing: A Snapshot of Growing Need, Current Threats, and Innovative Solutions,” reviews the economic and demographic trends prompting increasing demand for affordable housing, the threats to the existing housing stock, and the programs and tactics used by governmental and nonprofit organizations to preserve affordable housing. “Research Spotlight: How Research Tools Are Assisting Communities To Preserve, Plan Affordable Housing” considers the efforts of New York University’s Furman Center and the University of Florida’s Shimberg Center to map affordable housing subsidies and availability to better target areas most in need of preservation. And “In Practice: Models for Affordable Housing Preservation” examines the role that preservation compacts and state housing trust funds play in protecting affordable housing and economic diversity.
High-Order, Time-Dependent Aerodynamic Optimization using a Discontinuous Galerkin Discretization of the Navier-Stokes Equations

The fully discrete adjoint method, corresponding to a globally high-order accurate discretization of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations on deforming domains, is introduced. A mapping-based Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian description transforms the governing equations to a fixed reference domain. A high-order discontinuous Galerkin spatial discretization and diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta temporal discretization are employed to obtain the globally high-order discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations. Relevant quantities of interest, to be used as the objective function in aerodynamic trajectory optimization problems, are discretized in a solver-consistent manner. Gradients of these quantities of interest are computed via the adjoint method and verified against a secondorder finite difference approximation. The proposed fully discrete adjoint method is coupled with state-of-the-art, gradient-based numerical optimization software to solve aerodynamic trajectory optimization problems. The first example is an inverse design problem with a known, global optimum that the solver is able to recover in fewer than 20 iterations. In a second problem, a trajectory is determined that successfully completes a prescribed mission while harvesting energy from the flow.
Central and regional normetadrenaline in evaluation of neurogenic aspects of hypertension: aid to diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma

1. Free normetadrenaline concentrations in plasma of patients with phaeochromocytoma were elevated 20–1000-fold as compared with values in primary hypertensive subjects. 2. Spinal fluid normetadrenaline was 1.8-16% of the simultaneous plasma values in patients with phaeochromocytoma, whereas levels in spinal fluid exceeded those of plasma in primary hypertension. 3. Spinal fluid noradrenaline was 7.9-58% of simultaneous values of plasma noradrenaline in patients with phaeochromocytoma, whereas values in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were similar in primary hypertension. 4. Plasma noradrenaline and normetadrenaline levels were both elevated in veins from regions subsequently found to harbour chromaffin tumours. 5. The excessive amounts of normetadrenaline produced in phaeochromocytoma enters plasma but not spinal fluid and can be used for diagnosis and localization of phaeochromocytoma.
Evidence for Postsynaptic Induction and Expression of NMDA Receptor Independent LTP

Whole cell/patch-clamp and extracellular field potential recordings were used to study the induction and expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor independent long-term potentiation (LTP) in area CA1 of the in vitro rat hippocampus. Induction of NMDA receptor independent LTP was prevented by manipulations that inhibited postsynaptic depolarization during tetanic stimulation: direct hyperpolarization of postsynaptic neurons and bath application of an alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor antagonist. NMDA receptor independent LTP also was blocked by intracellular application of the lidocaine derivative, N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)triethylammonium bromide (QX-314), to CA1 pyramidal neurons. These results complement the previous findings that NMDA receptor independent LTP was inhibited by postsynaptic injections of the calcium chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and also was inhibited by a L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel antagonist (nifedipine). Collectively, these data make a strong case for the postsynaptic induction of this form of LTP. This paper also provides evidence for postsynaptic expression of NMDA receptor independent LTP. In an experiment where AMPA- and NMDA-receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were isolated pharmacologically, LTP was found for only the AMPA-receptor-mediated EPSPs. In a separate experiment, paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) was measured during NMDA receptor independent LTP. Although there was an initial decrease in PPF, suggesting a posttetanic increase in the probability of glutamate release, the change in PPF decayed within 30-40 min of the tetanic stimulation, whereas the magnitude of the LTP was constant over this same time period. In addition, the LTP, but not the corresponding change in PPF, was blocked by the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist (+/-)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine. These results are accounted for most easily by a selective increase in postsynaptic AMPA receptor function, but one type of presynaptic modification-an increase in the number of release sites without an overall change in the probability of release-also could account for these results (assuming that the level of glutamate release before LTP induction fully saturated NMDA, but not AMPA, receptors). One possible presynaptic modification, an increase in axon excitability, was ruled out by analysis of the presynaptic fiber volley, which was not increased at any time after LTP induction.
Formation and Growth of Humins via Aldol Addition and Condensation during Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural

The acid-catalyzed conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) produces levulinic and formic acids in equal amounts. Dark-colored solids, known as humins, are also formed in a parallel reaction. Aldol addition and condensation are proposed as important reactions in the acid-catalyzed growth of humins, adding HMF to 2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxy-hexanal. Consistent with this proposal, infrared (IR) spectra of humins formed from HMF indicate that the furan ring and hydroxymethyl group of HMF are present in the humins, but the carbonyl group is not. Similarly, if a mixture of HMF and benzaldehyde are processed, IR spectra of the humins indicate the additional presence of the aromatic ring from benzaldehyde but not its carbonyl group. The incorporation of the aromatic ring from benzaldehyde in the humins demonstrates the possibility of functionalizing humins to increase their value.
On the Relative Virulence of Sensitized and Non-Sensitized Typhoid Bacilli

In 1910 Garbat and Meyer1 published the results of an experimental study of a typhoid immune serum produced in rabbits by repeated injections of typhoid bacilli. These investigators found that rabbits, injected intravenously with killed sensitized typhoid bacilli, developed a serum of higher protective power than the rabbits injected with killed, non-sensitized bacilli. Furthermore, they noticed that the animals endured the sensitized better than the non-sensitized bacilli and
Study on the Depth Measurement Technology of AD-150 Rotary Drilling Machine

This paper discusses the working principle of depth measurement of the rotary drilling machine, explains the concrete operation method from the aspects of software and hardware, and introduces an advanced Honeywell sensor which is used to examine the rotate direction of the ring-shaped magnet, thus to greatly improve the intelligent level of the Drilling machine.
Nuclear Energy Gradients for Internally Contracted Complete Active Space Second-Order Perturbation Theory: Multistate Extensions.

We report the development of the theory and computer program for analytical nuclear energy gradients for (extended) multistate complete active space perturbation theory (CASPT2) with full internal contraction. The vertical shifts are also considered in this work. This is an extension of the fully internally contracted CASPT2 nuclear gradient program recently developed for a state-specific variant by us [MacLeod and Shiozaki, J. Chem. Phys. 2015, 142, 051103]; in this extension, the so-called λ equation is solved to account for the variation of the multistate CASPT2 energies with respect to the change in the amplitudes obtained in the preceding state-specific CASPT2 calculations, and the Z vector equations are modified accordingly. The program is parallelized using the MPI3 remote memory access protocol that allows us to perform efficient one-sided communication. The optimized geometries of the ground and excited states of a copper corrole and benzophenone are presented as numerical examples. The code is p...
TH-EF-BRA-03: Assessment of Data-Driven Respiratory Motion-Compensation Methods for 4D-CBCT Image Registration and Reconstruction Using Clinical Datasets

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a 4D-CBCT registration and reconstruction method that corrects for respiratory motion and enhances image quality under clinically relevant conditions. Methods: Building on previous work, which tested feasibility of a motion-compensation workflow using image datasets superior to clinical acquisitions, this study assesses workflow performance under clinical conditions in terms of image quality improvement. Evaluated workflows utilized a combination of groupwise deformable image registration (DIR) and image reconstruction. Four-dimensional cone beam CT (4D-CBCT) FDK reconstructions were registered to either mean or respiratory phase reference frame images to model respiratory motion. The resulting 4D transformation was used to deform projection data during the FDK backprojection operation to create a motion-compensated reconstruction. To simulate clinically realistic conditions, superior quality projection datasets were sampled using a phase-binned striding method. Tissue interface sharpness (TIS) was defined as the slope of a sigmoid curve fit to the lung-diaphragm boundary or to the carina tissue-airway boundary when no diaphragm was discernable. Image quality improvement was assessed in 19 clinical cases by evaluating mitigation of view-aliasing artifacts, tissue interface sharpness recovery, and noise reduction. Results: For clinical datasets, evaluated average TIS recovery relative to base 4D-CBCT reconstructions was observed to be 87% using fixed-frame registration alone; 87% using fixed-frame with motion-compensated reconstruction; 92% using mean-frame registration alone; and 90% using mean-frame with motion-compensated reconstruction. Soft tissue noise was reduced on average by 43% and 44% for the fixed-frame registration and registration with motion-compensation methods, respectively, and by 40% and 42% for the corresponding mean-frame methods. Considerable reductions in view aliasing artifacts were observed for each method. Conclusion: Data-driven groupwise registration and motion-compensated reconstruction have the potential to improve the quality of 4D-CBCT images acquired under clinical conditions. For clinical image datasets, the addition of motion compensation after groupwise registration visibly reduced artifact impact. This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01CA166119. Hugo and Weiss hold a research agreement with Philips Healthcare and license agreement with Varian Medical Systems. Weiss receives royalties from UpToDate. Christensen receives funds from Roger Koch to support research.
Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries (ccTGA) or Levo-Transposition of the Great Arteries (l-TGA)

The congenitally corrected aortopulmonary transposition (ccTGA), also called l-TGA, is characterized by atrioventricular discordance and ventriculoarterial discordance (Fig. 34.1). The right atrium is connected to the morphologic left ventricle, which, in turn, is connected to the pulmonary artery. The morphologic left atrium is connected to a morphologic right ventricle, which pumps blood into the aorta. The aorta is anterior and leftward of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, in ccTGA deoxygenated blood passes from the right atrium into the pulmonary artery, and the oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium and is ultimately distributed to the body through the aorta [1, 2], and, in contrast with the D-TGA, results in normal physiology of blood flow. This anomaly is extremely rare, comprising 0.6–1.4% of all congenital heart defects, with the male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1 [3]
Robot-Assisted Excision of a Urachal Cyst Causing Dyspareunia and Dysorgasmia: Report of a Case.

Abstract Background: Urachal remnants are a group of rare anatomical anomalies that include cysts, diverticula, and tumors. We present a case of a young female patient with dyspareunia and dysorgasmia related to a urachal cyst. Case: A patient with unique presentation of urachal cyst treated robotically. Patient had complete resolution of symptoms postoperatively. Conclusion: Robot-assisted excision of the urachal remnant provided durable symptom relief.
Procedural Challenges in Interventional Neuroradiology

Preventing and responding to procedural complications are perhaps the greatest contribution an anesthesiologist can provide to the care of the patient undergoing interventional neuroradiologic procedures. Below we discuss two of the most important occurrences requiring expert input from the anesthetist (see Table 63.1).
Biofunctional Membrane Substrates Based on Blends of Polyetherimide with Poly (Vinyl Pyrrolidone-Co-Vinyl Acetate)

Amorphous engineering thermoplastics such as polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and polyetherimide have been used for the fabrication of a wide range of membrane materials via phase inversion methods. The high glass transition temperatures inherent to these materials lead to glassy membranes which display excellent mechanical integrity for a variety of applications. The application of engineering thermoplastics as microporous substrates for biofunctional membranes is typically precluded, however, owing to a lack of suitable functional attachment sites on the membrane surface. Further, the hydrophobic nature of these materials leads to difficulties with protein adsorption (i.e. fouling) and wettability.
Generating heuristics for novice players

We consider the problem of generating compact sub-optimal game-playing heuristics that can be understood and easily executed by novices. In particular, we seek to find heuristics that can lead to good play while at the same time be expressed as fast and frugal trees or short decision lists. This has applications in automatically generating tutorials and instructions for playing games, but also in analyzing game design and measuring game depth. We use the classic game Blackjack as a testbed, and compare condition induction with the RIPPER algorithm, exhaustive-greedy search in statement space, genetic programming and axis-aligned search. We find that all of these methods can find compact well-playing heuristics under the given constraints, with axis-aligned search performing particularly well.
Does Adjunctive Botulinum Toxin A Reduce Pain Scores When Combined With Temporomandibular Joint Arthroscopy for the Treatment of Concomitant Temporomandibular Joint Arthralgia and Myofascial Pain

Purpose Currently, there is no standard of care for the treatment of refractory myofascial pain and concomitant temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia. This comparative study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (Btx), as an adjunct to TMJ arthroscopy, in this patient population. Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients who underwent TMJ arthroscopy with (Btx group) or without (control group) intramuscular Btx for TMJ arthritis and refractory myofascial pain at the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) from 2011 through 2014. For patients in the Btx group, intramuscular injections of Btx were administered at sites of maximal tenderness within the masseter and temporalis muscles. The primary outcome variable was pain score on the visual analog scale (VAS; 0 to 10). The secondary outcome variables included maximal interincisal opening, total score for sites of tenderness, total number of tender sites, and diet consistency tolerated. Statistical analysis included means and standard deviations, Student t test, simple regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results The study cohort included 52 patients (30 in Btx group, 22 in control group), of which 48 (92.3%) were women. The mean follow-up was 5.56 ± 1.41 months. Patients in the Btx group had a significantly greater decrease in mean pain score ( P = .04) on the VAS compared with the control group (score, 3.24 for Btx group; score, 1.13 for control group). On multivariate regression analysis, treatment with Btx trended toward significance ( P = .084) and the preoperative pain score ( P = .0007) was significantly correlated with the change in pain observed. Conclusion The use of Btx appears to correlate with a clinically superior decrease in pain score compared with the control group. The use of Btx could be useful as an adjunctive treatment modality in the management of refractory myofascial pain.
"The Spitting Image of a Woman Programmer": Changing Portrayals of Women in the American Computing Industry, 1958-1985

This paper examines the cultural climate faced by women in the American computer industry from the 1960s to the early 1980s, a period in which the percentage of the industry workforce that was female almost tripled. Drawing on a comprehensive study of articles and advertisements in the trade journal Datamation, sources from IBM, Control Data, and the Burroughs Corporation, and the records of the user group SHARE, Inc, the study argues that the cultural climate of the industry shifted radically in the early 1970s, from hostility in the 1960s to a more open one in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Functionalised cyclodextrin-based metal-organic frameworks.

CD-MOF, an extended framework incorporating the C8 symmetric cyclic oligosaccharide, γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), is based on the coordination of alkali metal cations to alternating α-1,4-linked D-glucopyranosyl units on the primary and secondary faces of the γ-CD tori. Here, we report the synthesis and characterisation of an amino-functionalised CD-MOF that is isostructural with pristine CD-MOF and adsorbs CO2 permanently.
Genomic Biomarkers Predicting Response to Selective CDK4/6 Inhibition: Progress in an Elusive Search.

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Gong et al. have analyzed the sensitivity of 560 cell lines to the selective CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib and have defined cancers with specific genomic "D-cyclin activating features (DCAF)" as particularly vulnerable. These findings will facilitate patient selection as development of this drug class continues.
Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Chronic Pain

Pain is a subjective experience that alerts an individual to actual or potential tissue damage. Through mechanisms that are still unclear, normal physiological pain can lose its adaptive value and evolve into pathological chronic neuropathic pain. Chronic pain is a multifaceted experience that can be understood in terms of somatosensory, affective, and cognitive dimensions, each with associated symptoms and neural signals. While there have been many attempts to treat chronic pain, in this article we will argue that feedback-controlled 'closed-loop' deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers an urgent and promising route for treatment. Contemporary DBS trials for chronic pain use "open-loop" approaches in which tonic stimulation is delivered with fixed parameters to a single brain region. The impact of key variables such as the target brain region and the stimulation waveform is unclear, and long-term efficacy has mixed results. We hypothesize that chronic pain is due to abnormal synchronization between brain networks encoding the somatosensory, affective and cognitive dimensions of pain, and that multisite, closed-loop DBS provides an intuitive mechanism for disrupting that synchrony. By (1) identifying biomarkers of the subjective pain experience and (2) integrating these signals into a state-space representation of pain, we can create a predictive model of each patient's pain experience. Then, by establishing how stimulation in different brain regions influences individual neural signals, we can design real-time, closed-loop therapies tailored to each patient. While chronic pain is a complex disorder that has eluded modern therapies, rich historical data and state-of-the-art technology can now be used to develop a promising treatment.
INTRAVENOUS VERSUS INTRAOSSEOUS ACCESS FOR PARENTERAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION IN OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST

The current guidelines suggest either intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) access for drug administration in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, their patterns of use in a real-world setting are not known. Using data from the multicenter Dallas-Fort Worth Resuscitation
Development and implementation of a mobile device-based pediatric electronic decision support tool as part of a national practice standardization project.

Objective Implementing evidence-based practices requires a multi-faceted approach. Electronic clinical decision support (ECDS) tools may encourage evidence-based practice adoption. However, data regarding the role of mobile ECDS tools in pediatrics is scant. Our objective is to describe the development, distribution, and usage patterns of a smartphone-based ECDS tool within a national practice standardization project. Materials and methods We developed a smartphone-based ECDS tool for use in the American Academy of Pediatrics, Value in Inpatient Pediatrics Network project entitled "Reducing Excessive Variation in the Infant Sepsis Evaluation (REVISE)." The mobile application (app), PedsGuide, was developed using evidence-based recommendations created by an interdisciplinary panel. App workflow and content were aligned with clinical benchmarks; app interface was adjusted after usability heuristic review. Usage patterns were measured using Google Analytics. Results Overall, 3805 users across the United States downloaded PedsGuide from December 1, 2016, to July 31, 2017, leading to 14 256 use sessions (average 3.75 sessions per user). Users engaged in 60 442 screen views, including 37 424 (61.8%) screen views that displayed content related to the REVISE clinical practice benchmarks, including hospital admission appropriateness (26.8%), length of hospitalization (14.6%), and diagnostic testing recommendations (17.0%). Median user touch depth was 5 [IQR 5]. Discussion We observed rapid dissemination and in-depth engagement with PedsGuide, demonstrating feasibility for using smartphone-based ECDS tools within national practice improvement projects. Conclusions ECDS tools may prove valuable in future national practice standardization initiatives. Work should next focus on developing robust analytics to determine ECDS tools' impact on medical decision making, clinical practice, and health outcomes.
Electron-Electron Double Resonance

Electron Electron Double Resonance (ELDOR) consisting of a strongly saturating continuous wave (CW) pump microwave source and a nonsaturating observing source, can be used in a field swept display to monitor saturation-transfer mechanisms such as Heisenberg Exchange, nitrogen nuclear relaxation, and rotational diffusion. 2D pulse ELDOR techniques known as DEER or PELDOR using two separate microwave frequencies or a similar “2 + 1” technique using a single frequency have been configured for probing dipolar interactions up to 8 nm. Spin-echo ELDOR techniques have been developed to study slow motions in a wide range of biological problems. Two-dimensional Fourier transform techniques permit all combinations of pump and probe frequencies with nanosecond time resolution making it possible to study the microscopic orientations of a system. Multiquantum ELDOR techniques have been developed to measure the transfer of magnetization and not a reduction factor as measured in a field swept ELDOR.
Circadian Genes and the Sleep–Wake Cycle

The regulation of virtually all behavioral, physiological, and molecular processes is influenced by whether an organism is asleep or awake. One of the defining characteristics of sleep and wakefulness is that these states are under strong circadian regulation. Rapid advances have been made in discovering and characterizing the genes that make up the molecular circadian clock. These genes are important in directing the timing of sleep and wakefulness, arguably the master output rhythm of the circadian clock. Surprisingly, clock genes have been found to exert more wide-ranging effects on sleep regulation and serve a role in modulating sleep–wake amount, sleep architecture, and the homeostatic response to sleep deprivation. Circadian clock genes have emerged as important genetic components in multiple aspects of sleep and wake regulation.
Creatine kinase elevations and aggressive behavior in hospitalized forensic patients

The relationship between creatine kinase (CK) and aggressive behavior was tested in 195 males consecutively admitted to a forensic hospital. Among patients receiving antipsychotic medication, the most violent patients had higher CK levels than less violent patients. This was not the case in patients who did not receive antipsychotic medication. CK levels were not influenced by age, ethnicity, or clinical diagnosis. CK levels were however influenced by prior assaultiveness and restraints. When these two factors were controlled for, CK levels remained strongly associated with subsequent violence. CK appears to be a potential predictor of violent behavior. It has the advantage of easy availability in comparison to other biological markers of aggression (e.g., 5-HIAA). Prospective studies are needed to confirm the validity of this biobehavioral association.
Case study: Feasibility analysis of renewable energy supply systems in a small grid connected resort

Case Study Feasibility Analysis of Renewable Energy Supply Systems in a Small Grid Connected Resort By Jody Robins Dr. Robert Woods, Committee Chair Professor of Hotel Management University of Nevada, Las Vegas This paper presents a case study on the feasibility of a small grid connected resort in the marine west coast climate of Canada to implement a renewable energy supply system. The current industry conditions of three renewable energy systems are explored including small and large wind energy conversion systems, solar photovoltaic cell systems, and energy cell systems. Furthermore, these three systems are evaluated using the power load, wind, and solar radiation information from a specific resort. The renewable energy source assessment and optimization software HOMER (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US) is used to evaluate the costs and benefits of each system. The software evaluates the payback period, the net present cost, and renewable factor of new systems to find the optimal system for the resort. The findings in the case study result in recommendations for the specific resort being tested as well as general recommendations for any small resort interested in implementing a renewable energy system. Furthermore, this paper will help guide small resort owners in simulating and testing, using the HOMER software, renewable energy systems specific to the needs of their resort.
Interfaces for Stream Processing Systems

Efficient processing of input data streams is central to IoT systems, and the goal of this paper is to develop a logical foundation for specifying the computation of such stream processing. In the proposed model, both the input and output of a stream processing system consists of tagged data items with a dependency relation over tags that captures the logical ordering constraints over data items. While a system processes the input data one item at a time, incrementally producing output data items, its semantics is a function from input data traces to output data traces, where a data trace is an equivalence class of sequences of data items induced by the dependency relation. This data-trace transduction model generalizes both acyclic Kahn process networks and relational query processors, and can specify computations over data streams with a rich variety of ordering and synchronization characteristics. To form complex systems from simpler ones, we define sequential composition and parallel composition operations over data-trace transductions, and show how to define commonly used idioms in stream processing such as sliding windows, key-based partitioning, and map-reduce.
Predictors of Housing Instability in Women Who Have Experienced Intimate Partner Violence.

Although one in four women in the United States experience severe intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetimes and are at greater risk for homelessness and housing insecurity than women who h...
Outpatient-to-Inpatient Transition Causes Marked Dysbiosis in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients

Features of gut dysbiosis such as low diversity and intestinal domination have been associated with worse outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Potential sources of insult to the microbiome vary with time. We hypothesized that outpatient-to-inpatient transition has a different impact on the microbiome than later events such as antibiotic pressure and cumulative conditioning toxicity. We performed 16S rRNA gene profiling of 167 stool samples collected thrice weekly from 20 allograft recipients (12 men, 8 women; median [range] age: 52 [22-68] years) between admission ("day 1") and 14 days post-HCT. No exclusion criteria were used. Patients were admitted 7-8 days before HCT. None were receiving antibacterial antibiotics at admission. Patients received levofloxacin starting 1 day pre-HCT and cefepime upon neutropenic fever. Conditioning included TBI in all patients (50% myeloablative). The most common underlying diagnosis was acute leukemia (75%). Donors were: HLA-haploidentical relative (40%), HLA-matched sibling (35%), cord blood (20%), and matched unrelated donor (5%). Non-cord graft sources were bone marrow (50%) and peripheral blood (30%). With an estimated Good's coverage of 98.4±0.2%, the 3 most abundant genera (aggregate over time) were Bacteroides (mean relative abundance 27%), Clostridium XIVa (10%), and Parabacteroides (5%). Consistent with previous studies, the remaining 48% of taxa were rare operational taxonomic units (OTUs; each A parsimonious explanation of these findings from a dense sampling protocol and using 3 community-level indices suggests two phases of microbiota injury during the first 3 weeks of hospitalization. In phase 1 (admission to HCT), characterized by outpatient-to-inpatient transition, a large fraction of the microbiome is replaced with new communities. In phase 2 (HCT to engraftment), characterized by antibiotic pressure and conditioning toxicity, microbiome turnover decelerates and the more successful taxa expand. These results identify week 1 of hospitalization as a potential window for microbiota therapeutics to prevent dysbiosis-related adverse outcomes.
The Offline Nature of Online Community: Exploring Distance Learners’ Extracurricular Interactions

Despite the importance of interpersonal contact to students’ sense of community, little is known about how online students form relationships outside of class. Drawing on interviews with 20 students from one online doctoral program, I explore the ways in which distance learners create community outside of class. In the case study I explore how students use social media and group texting apps to develop relationships with peers. I also explore how online students connect in-person at study groups and sporting events. Lastly, I consider the ways in which a three-day, in-person orientation helped online students connect on and offline. Findings indicate that online students’ perceptions of community were not limited to their in-class experiences. In addition to their in-class interactions, online students were impacted by their extracurricular interactions in digital and physical spaces.
Visual Tracking via Reliable Memories

In this paper, we propose a novel visual tracking framework that intelligently discovers reliable patterns from a wide range of video to resist drift error for long-term tracking tasks. First, we design a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) based tracker which is able to exploit a large number of tracked samples while still ensures real-time performance. Second, we propose a clustering method with temporal constraints to explore and memorize consistent patterns from previous frames, named as reliable memories. By virtue of this method, our tracker can utilize uncontaminated information to alleviate drifting issues. Experimental results show that our tracker performs favorably against other state of-the-art methods on benchmark datasets. Furthermore, it is significantly competent in handling drifts and able to robustly track challenging long videos over 4000 frames, while most of others lose track at early frames.
The game chromatic number of a random hypergraph

We consider the following game, played on a k-uniform hypergraph H. There are q colors available and two players take it in turns to color vertices. A partial coloring is proper if no edge is mono-chromatic. One player, A, wishes to color all the vertices and the other player, B, wishes to prevent this. The game chromatic number χg(H) is the minimum number of colors for which A has a winning strategy. We consider this in the context of a random k-uniform hypergraph and prove upper and lower bounds that hold w.h.p.
Systematic Review of Disparities in Care and Outcomes in Pediatric Appendectomy.

Abstract Background The impact of social, racial, and economic inequities on health and surgical outcomes for children is poorly described. Methods A systematic review using search terms related to disparities in care of pediatric appendicitis identified 20 titles and narrowed to 11 full texts. Nine retrospective studies were analyzed, representing 350,408 cases treated across the United States from 1983 to 2010. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS), appendiceal perforation rate (AP), laparoscopic versus open approach, and rate of misdiagnosis. Results The most frequently reported outcomes were LOS (six of nine studies) and AP (six of nine studies). AP was higher for young children (48% for 10), those in rural settings (42% versus 26% in urban settings), and patients receiving care at children's hospitals (35% versus 22% at nonchildren's hospitals). Longer LOS was associated with young age in three studies (2-5 d for age 11 y), race in four studies (1.5-3 d for African American children versus 1-2 d for other races), and lower family income in two studies (2-4 d versus 1-3 d for highest income). Inequitable use of laparoscopy, time to surgery, and rates of misdiagnosis were also reported to be associated with age and race. Conclusions Although limited, the existing literature suggests that social, racial, and economic inequalities impact management and outcomes in pediatric appendicitis. More studies are needed to better describe and mitigate disparities in the surgical care of children.