cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endometriosis and the appendix: a case series and comprehensive review of the literature.

Objective To report the prevalence of appendiceal disease in women with chronic pelvic pain undergoing laparoscopy for possible endometriosis, summarize the literature, and more accurately estimate the prevalence of endometriosis of the appendix. Design Prospective case series and literature review. Setting Academic research institute. Patient(s) One hundred thirty-three patients with chronic pelvic pain and possible endometriosis undergoing laparoscopy. Intervention(s) History, physical exam, and abdominopelvic laparoscopy. Endometriosis and adhesions were excised using selective Nd:YAG contact laser trabeculoplasty and pathologically evaluated. Only patients with visible abnormalities involving the appendix were treated via concurrent laparoscopic appendectomy. Main Outcome Measure(s) Appendiceal abnormalities at laparoscopy. Result(s) Of 133 patients, 13 had a previous appendectomy with unknown pathology. Of the remaining 120 patients, 109 reported right lower quadrant pain. Of this subgroup, six patients had appendiceal pathology: four with pathology-confirmed endometriosis, one with Crohn's disease suspected at laparoscopy, and one with chronic appendicitis. The prevalence of appendiceal endometriosis in patients with biopsy-proven endometriosis (n = 97) or with right lower quadrant pain (n = 109) was 4.1% and 3.7%, respectively. This rate was similar to the 2.8% prevalence confirmed by literature review in patients with endometriosis but was much higher than that reported in all patients (0.4%). Conclusion(s) Appendiceal endometriosis, while relatively uncommon in patients with endometriosis, is rare in the general population. In patients with right lower quadrant or pelvic pain, the appendix should be inspected for endometriosis and evidence of nongynecologic disease.
Countering the anchoring and adjustment bias with decision support systems

Abstract Psychologists have identified several limitations to, and biases in, human decision-making processes. One such bias is the anchoring and adjustment effect, which has been demonstrated to be robust both inside and outside the experimental laboratory. Some decision support systems (DSS) have been designed to lessen the effects of decision-making limitations with promising results. This study tested a DSS designed to mitigate the effects of the anchoring and adjustment bias. The results show that anchoring and adjustment remains robust within the context of automated decision support. Implications that follow these results are offered.
Effect of long-term culture of a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line on epitectin production and tumorigenicity in athymic mice

Epitectin is a high molecular weight mucin-type glycoprotein over-expressed on the surface of human carcinoma cells. In cancer cells, it is proposed to play a protective function and to modulate cell surface properties such as antigenicity and cell adhesion. We have examined the effect of long-term culture on the cell curface expression of epitectin by a human laryngeal carcinoma cell line and the correlation between epitectin expression and tumor production in athymic mice. Indirect immunofluorescence labelling using an epitectin specific monoclonal antibody showed that the level of epitectin on the cell surface was significantly reduced after 78 or more generations in culture. Gel electrophoresis of cell extracts, followed by wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin overlay analyses, demonstrated similar losses in total cellular epitectin as a result of prolonged passage in culture. The levels of other glycoproteins reacting with wheat germ agglutinin were not significantly altered in high passage cells. Similar results were obtained when HMFG-2 monoclonal antibody was used to probe the levels of cell surface epitectin. In contrast to the above probes, the binding of HMFG-2 to epitectin is independent of glycosylation, therefore it can be concluded that the observed changes are not due to aberration in epitectin glycosylation with increasing passage number but rather due to lack of synthesis of epitectin. The ability of the low epitectin producing H.Ep.2 cells to grow as tumors in athymic mice was reduced compared to the high epitectin producing cells.
Testing multiple hypotheses for the maintenance of male homosexual copulatory behaviour in flour beetles

Diverse animal groups exhibit homosexual interactions, yet the evolutionary maintenance of such behaviours remains enigmatic as they do not directly increase reproductive success by generating progeny. Here, we use Tribolium castaneum flour beetles, which exhibit frequent male homosexual copulations, to empirically test several hypotheses for the maintenance of such behaviours: (1) establishing social dominance; (2) practice for future heterosexual encounters; and (3) indirect sperm translocation. We found no evidence that Tribolium males use homosexual copulations either to establish dominance or to practice behaviours that increase their subsequent heterosexual reproductive performance. Our results provide limited support for the hypothesis of indirect sperm translocation: when males from two genetic strains mated with females immediately following a homosexual copulation, females produced progeny sired not only by the directly mating male, but also by that male’s homosexual partner. However, this phenomenon was detected in only 7% of homosexual pairs, and in each case such indirectly sired progeny accounted for < 0.5% of females’ total progeny. Direct observations indicated that mounting males often released spermatophores during homosexual copulations. These observations suggest that homosexual copulations may be a behavioural mechanism that allows males to expel older, potentially lowquality sperm. Additional work is needed to test this new hypothesis, and to determine whether sperm release during homosexual copulations occurs in other groups.
Evaluation of Effective Parameters for Volatile Organic Compounds in Porous Media with Mobile Air Phase

Soil-venting or vacuum extraction is an effective tool for remediation of soils contaminated with volatile compounds. Brusseau’s [Water Resour. Res. 27(12), 3189–3199, 1991] model of fate and transport of volatile compounds in the gaseous phase of dual-porosity soils with rate-limited sorption is adopted in this study. Using temporal moment analysis, expressions for effective velocity and dispersion are derived. The values of effective transport properties are presented for a set of volatile compounds for two typical soils. Sensitivity of these effective parameters to Peclet and Damkohler numbers is discussed.
Studies on the structure and function of ribosomes from regenerating rat liver

Abstract Electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins from 1-day regenerating and sham-operated rat livers, doubly-labeled with two iodine isotopes, revealed that the relative stoichiometric ratios of proteins S6 from the 40S subunit and L5, L18 and L27 from the 60S subunit, vary significantly from those obtained with the other proteins. The ratios of the altered proteins return to normal within three days after partial hepatectomy. Polypeptide chain elongation and binding of aminoacyl-tRNA were slightly greater with regenerating preparations than with control preparation, when 80S ribosomes were used, but differences were not observed when the experiments were carried out with purified subunits and exogenous template.
Police Use of Force: An Analysis of Organizational Characteristics

Police use of force has become an important public policy concern and topic of research during the past few years. A number of researchers have hypothesized that the structural context of police departments may influence officers' use of force. Despite these claims, little is known on a national level about how law enforcement agencies manage and influence their officers' use of force. We analyzed data from a national probability sample of 265 agencies to examine the impact of agency-related characteristics on aggregate rates of reported police use of force. We found that agencies which require supervisors and other personnel to fill out use-of-force forms report significantly lower rates of force than agencies that allow officers to fill out their own forms. In contrast, agencies that collect use-of-force data for a specific purpose report significantly higher rates of force. The rate of violent crime in the reporting jurisdiction has the strongest association with reported use-of-force rates. Implicatio...
Exploitation of the endoplasmic reticulum by bacterial pathogens

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has unique properties that are exploited by microbial pathogens. Exotoxins secreted by bacteria take advantage of the host transport pathways that deliver proteins from the Golgi to the ER. Transport to the ER is necessary for the unfolding and translocation of these toxins into the cytosol where their host targets reside. Intracellular pathogens subvert host vesicle transport to create ER-like vacuoles that support their intracellular replication. Investigations on how bacterial pathogens can use the ER during host infection are providing important details on transport pathways involving this specialized organelle.
Orientation of fluorophenols on Si(111) by near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

The adsorption of phenol, 4-fluorophenol, and 2,3,4-trifluorophenol on the $\mathrm{Si}(111)7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7$ surface is investigated by near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS). A strong polarization dependence of the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ transitions is observed for fluorinated phenols, while phenol itself is more isotropic. A quantitative method is developed to convert polarization-dependent NEXAFS data into orientational information for such a situation. The model includes two angular degrees of freedom, the tilt angle $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ of the end group and its rotation angle $\ensuremath{\beta}$ around the phenyl-to-oxygen bond. The tilt is fixed by the geometry of the free molecule, while the rotation is characterized by an average angle ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{0}$ with a Gaussian distribution $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ due to thermal fluctuations. The model is applicable to a variety of self-assembled monolayers with tailored end groups that are used in molecular electronics and biosensors.
Detection and classification in SAR using MINACE correlation filters

New shift-invariant distortion-invariant SAR filters for detection and classification are described. They employ new modified MINACE filters. Test results are provided for real SAR data with 360 degree aspect views of 2 different objects and for 100 real SAR clutter chips (natural and man-made) that passed the second stage of the Lincoln Laboratory's SAR processor. We obtained PD equals 100% and PFA <EQ 0.82%. The shift-invariance of the filters allow their use as adjuncts for all stages (detection, discrimination, recognition) of a SAR image processor.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An abundant nucleolar phosphoprotein is associated with ribosomal DNA in Tetrahymena macronuclei.

An abundant 52-kDa phosphoprotein was identified and characterized from macronuclei of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. Immunoblot analyses combined with light and electron microscop...
A simplified potential energy clock model for glassy polymers

The potential energy clock (PEC) model for glassy polymers derived previously was shown to predict accurately a broad range of responses including temperature-dependent yield in different modes of deformation, enthalpy relaxation, volume recovery, and aging of the yield stress. It was, however, somewhat difficult to parameterize and employ computationally, and these points may affect its implementation and use. To facilitate acceptance, the model has been greatly simplified by keeping only necessary terms and employing some approximations. The resulting simplified potential energy clock (SPEC) model is quite easily computed and parameterized, yet faithfully reproduces the predictions of the full potential energy clock model implying that experimental responses are still accurately predicted. Such comparisons between the new model, old model, and data are presented as well as new predictions for creep. Again, the predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Status of the AMS facility at the University of Georgia

Since 2001, the Center for Applied Isotope Studies at the University of Georgia has analyzed more than 10,000 samples using a compact AMS system for carbon isotope measurement. The system, manufactured by National Electrostatics Corporation, utilizes a Model 1.5SDH-1 Pelletron accelerator with a maximum terminal voltage of 0.5 MV. The source has recently been modified, doubling the count rate and improving efficiency more than 50%. Background values have reached 0.12 pMC and the precision is below 0.4 pMC for modern samples. The control and data acquisition system has also been upgraded.
Esmolol for the treatment of isorhythmic atrioventricular dissociation

1 SORHYTHMIC atrioventricular dissociation (IAVD) results when the atria and ventricles are independently activated at nearly the same rate, resulting in asynchronous atria1 and ventricular contraction.lJ IAVD occurs in a large percentage of anesthetized patients,3-5 and has been associated with the use of N20,6 epinephrine,4 opioids,3 and the halogenated anesthetics, especially enflurane.5 Because of the loss of synchronized atria1 filling of the ventricle, a diminution of cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure (BP) follows the appearance of IAVD. In patients with normal diastolic relaxation and ventricular compliance these decreases in cardiac function are most often clinically unimportant.4~5~7 However, in patients with compromised myocardial function, the occurrence of IAVD can cause unacceptable decreases in BP and CO.3,8 Avariety of agents and techniques have been reported to revert this arrhythmia to sinus rhythm, including atropine,7,9Jn ephedrine,9 succinylcholine,” propranolol,3 other @blockers,‘* calcium,i3 changes in the depth of anesthesia, and pressure support ventilation.14 It has been suggested that esmolol may be preferable to other drug therapies for treating IAVD because of its p1 specificity and short pharmacologic half-life.3J5 The first case reports of the clinical efficacy of esmolol in treating IAVD are presented.
Continuity of Care and Adherence to Antidepressant Treatment Among Medicaid-Covered Youth

Continuity of care is a critical indicator of quality of care and key to effective antidepressant medication management in children and adolescents. Little is known about the characteristics associated with receiving guidelines concordant care. Using a retrospective, longitudinal cohort design of youth with a new episode of depression, this study reviewed records and pre-existing data to (1) examine rates of conformance to continuity of care treatment guidelines (Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set [HEDIS]) for antidepressant management; (2) identify individual- and community-level characteristics associated with continuity of antidepressant treatment; and (3) investigate the relationship between continuity of care and antidepressant adherence. Two-thirds of youth met the HEDIS optimum contact criteria of three outpatient mental health contacts during the first 3 months of treatment. Good continuity of care was associated with prior outpatient treatment and taking other psychotropic medications ...
The importance of boundary conditions in the phase retrieval problem

In this paper, the importance of the boundary values of a two dimensional sequence in the phase retrieval problem is investigated. Specifically, it is shown that, given the boundary values, phase retrieval becomes a linear problem. Therefore, the interior points of the two-dimensional sequence may easily be deduced from the boundary values of the sequence and the magnitude of its Fourier transform or, equivalently, the autocorrelation function of the sequence. Furthermore, although the determination of the boundary values from only Fourier transform magnitude information is, in general, a non-trivial problem, it is shown that the shape of the region of support of the two-dimensional sequence determines the ease with which the boundary values may be determined.
The 1969 franc devaluation and the Ivory Coast economy

As a member of the franc zone, the devaluation of the Ivory Coast currency – the C.F.A. franc – was automatic upon the French devaluation of August 1969. The purpose of this short article is to analyse the implications and consequences of the French action for the Ivory Coast, in the hope that this will throw some light on the pros and cons of such a centre–periphery monetary union.
Controlling robots with an english-like high-level hierarchical command language (HIROB)

To facilitate expedient communication with robots, a very-high level hierarchical robot command language (HIROB) has been designed and implemented. HIROB uses the full and comprehensive syntax of the English imperative, allowing users to control a robot without the need of learning an esoteric programming language. A Parser/Scanner/Recognizer (PSR) performs a lexical analysis of a HIROB command stream, and identifies which portions of the command stream already exist as fully defined procedures in the files of the Procedure Management System (PMS). Those portions which do not exist must be defined using either existing HIROB procedures (English phrases), or by using the primitive commands of the low-level robot command language (LOROB). A high-level command cannot be executed until all of its hierarchical sub-commands have been fully defined. An intermediate language MIDROB is used to provide programming structures to control the logic flow within HIROB procedures. A user-friendly editor has been incorporated into the PMS to allow convenient creation, modification, and testing of HIROB commands.
Social cognition and the anterior temporal lobes: a review and theoretical framework

Memory for people and their relationships, along with memory for social language and social behaviors, constitutes a specific type of semantic memory termed social knowledge. This review focuses on how and where social knowledge is represented in the brain. We propose that portions of the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) play a critical role in representing and retrieving social knowledge. This includes memory about people, their names and biographies and more abstract forms of social memory such as memory for traits and social concepts. This hypothesis is based on the convergence of several lines of research including anatomical findings, lesion evidence from both humans and non-human primates and neuroimaging evidence. Moreover, the ATL is closely interconnected with cortical nuclei of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex via the uncinate fasciculus. We propose that this pattern of connectivity underlies the function of the ATL in encoding and storing emotionally tagged knowledge that is used to guide orbitofrontal-based decision processes.
Primary Care Physician Insights Into a Typology of the Complex Patient in Primary Care

PURPOSE Primary care physicians play unique roles caring for complex patients, often acting as the hub for their care and coordinating care among specialists. To inform the clinical application of new models of care for complex patients, we sought to understand how these physicians conceptualize patient complexity and to develop a corresponding typology. METHODS We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with internal medicine primary care physicians from 5 clinics associated with a university hospital and a community health hospital. We used systematic nonprobabilistic sampling to achieve an even distribution of sex, years in practice, and type of practice. The interviews were analyzed using a team-based participatory general inductive approach. RESULTS The 15 physicians in this study endorsed a multidimensional concept of patient complexity. The physicians perceived patients to be complex if they had an exacerbating factor—a medical illness, mental illness, socioeconomic challenge, or behavior or trait (or some combination thereof)—that complicated care for chronic medical illnesses. CONCLUSION This perspective of primary care physicians caring for complex patients can help refine models of complexity to design interventions or models of care that improve outcomes for these patients.
SOMA: a method for developing service-oriented solutions

Service-oriented modeling and architecture (SOMA) has been used to conduct projects of varying scope in multiple industries worldwide for the past five years. We report on the usage and structure of the method used to effectively analyze, design, implement, and deploy service-oriented architecture (SOA) projects as part of a fractal model of software development. We also assert that the construct of a service and service modeling, although introduced by SOA, is a software engineering best practice for which an SOA method aids both SOA usage and adoption. In this paper we present the latest updates to this method and share some of the lessons learned. The SOMA method incorporates the key aspects of overall SOA solution design and delivery and is integrated with existing software development methods through a set of placeholders for key activity areas, forming what we call solution templates. We also present a fractal model of software development that can enable the SOMA method to evolve in an approach that goes beyond the iterative and incremental and instead leverages method components and patterns in a recursive, self-similar manner opportunistically at points of variability in the life cycle.
Modeling 3-tiered Web applications

The rapid advancement and deployment of Web applications call for a precise yet simple model for capacity planning and analysis purposes. The most widely deployed Web application architecture is the 3-tiered system, which is composed of a front-end Web server, an application server and a backend database server. In this paper, we present an analytical model of the 3-tiered Web application architecture. We show by using queueing network theory, we can model the 3-tiered Web application architecture accurately. A test-bed is built to measure model parameters based on industry standard server components and TPC-W benchmark. Validation results show that the proposed model predicts performance measures such as response time and throughput accurately.
Warfarin-related nephropathy in a patient with mild IgA nephropathy on dabigatran and aspirin

Dabigatran is a direct thrombin inhibitor used as an alternative to warfarin for long-term anticoagulation. We describe a patient who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of warfarin conversion to dabigatran, and a renal biopsy demonstrating acute tubular injury. Although the patient had undiagnosed IgA nephropathy that may have predisposed him to bleeding, AKI was due to heme-associated tubular injury. We propose that severe hematuria in patients with underlying glomerular pathology treated with either dabigatran or warfarin may lead to toxic tubular injury through the accumulation of heme-proteins.
Intramolecular shielding maintains the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 in an inactive conformation

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) represents a major calcium influx pathway in non-excitable cells and is central to many physiological processes such as T cell activation and mast cell degranulation. SOCE is activated through intricate coordination between the Ca(2+) sensor on the ER membrane (stromal interaction molecule 1, STIM1) and the plasma membrane channel Orai1. When Ca(2+) stores are depleted, STIM1 oligomerizes and physically interacts with Orai1 through its SOAR/CAD domain, resulting in Orai1 gating and Ca(2+) influx. Here, we describe novel inter- and intramolecular FRET sensors in the context of the full-length membrane-anchored STIM1, and show that STIM1 undergoes a conformational change in response to store depletion to adopt a stretched 'open' conformation that exposes SOAR/CAD and allows it to interact with Orai1. Mutational analyses reveal that electrostatic interactions between the predicted first and third coiled-coil domains of STIM1 are not involved in maintaining the 'closed' inactive conformation. In addition, the results argue that an amphipathic α-helix between residues 317 and 336 in the so-called inhibitory domain is important to maintain STIM1 in a closed conformation at rest. Indeed, mutations that alter the amphipathic properties of this helix result in a STIM1 variant that is unable to respond to store depletion in terms of forming puncta, translocation to the cortical ER or activating Orai1.
Ist Gretchen eine Kindsmörderin

Goethe’s vote to retain the death penalty for infanticide (1783) influenced his subsequent work on Faust (1788–1808), in particular his evolving concept of Gretchen. Proceeding from some of Goethe’s comments and his significant changes in the Prison -scene, I analyze the chronology of Part I and claim that its inconsistencies disappear when read as lasting from Easter to early May, insufficient time for Gretchen to give birth. The ambiguous Prison -scene does not contradict this finding and the scene Bergschluchten where Gretchen reappears as penitent contains no references to infanticide. Goethe realized around 1800 that his expanding concept of Faust required a second part; simultaneously he decided to turn Gretchen into an agent for Faust’s salvation. Lifting the crime of infanticide from her (but not her sinful relationship with Faust) implies that Goethe, the poet, accepted the decision of Goethe, the statesman, that infanticide is a serious crime, far more so than falling in love with a man who made a pact with the Devil. That the poet needed some twenty years to concur with the statesman indicates how difficult a decision it was.
Overview of current precision clocks and future prospects

Today's time and frequency standards range from the most sophisticated reference standards to the smallest oscillator for handheld radios. The technical requirements and technologies needed are different for the various applications but they derive from similar physical concepts. These different technologies can be categorized into four major areas, reference standards, mobile systems, man-portable (handheld) and space systems. These areas are the core areas of time and frequency standard applications and different areas of technology are needed to address them. This presentation discusses the time and frequency standards used or available for these areas.
From phenotype to genotype

Motivation: Imaging genetic studies typically focus on identifying single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with imaging phenotypes. Few studies perform regression of SNP values on phenotypic measures for examining how the SNP values change when phenotypic measures are varied. This alternative approach may have a potential to help us discover important imaging genetic associations from a different perspective. In addition, the imaging markers are often measured over time, and this longitudinal profile may provide increased power for differentiating genotype groups. How to identify the longitudinal phenotypic markers associated to disease sensitive SNPs is an important and challenging research topic. Results: Taking into account the temporal structure of the longitudinal imaging data and the interrelatedness among the SNPs, we propose a novel ‘task-correlated longitudinal sparse regression’ model to study the association between the phenotypic imaging markers and the genotypes encoded by SNPs. In our new association model, we extend the widely used 2,1-norm for matrices to tensors to jointly select imaging markers that have common effects across all the regression tasks and time points, and meanwhile impose the trace-norm regularization onto the unfolded coefficient tensor to achieve low rank such that the interrelationship among SNPs can be addressed. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by both clearly improved prediction performance in empirical evaluations and a compact set of selected imaging predictors relevant to disease sensitive SNPs. Availability: Software is publicly available at: http://ranger.uta.edu/%7eheng/Longitudinal/ Contact:[email protected] or [email protected]
High-latitude environmental change during MIS 9 and 11: biogeochemical evidence from Lake El'gygytgyn, Far East Russia

Abstract. Marine isotope stages (MIS) 11 has been proposed as an analog for the present interglacial; however, terrestrial records of this time period are rare. Sediments from Lake El'gygytgyn (67°30' N, 172°5' E) in Far East Russia contain a 3.56 Ma record of climate variability from the Arctic. Here, we present the first terrestrial Arctic reconstruction of environmental and climatic changes from MIS 8 through 12 (289 to 464 ka) using organic geochemical proxies. Terrestrial vegetation changes, as revealed by plant leaf wax (n-alkane) indices and concentrations of arborinol (a biomarker for trees), show increased tree cover around the lake during interglacial periods, with higher concentrations observed during MIS 11 as compared to MIS 9. A similar pattern is also observed in records of aquatic productivity revealed by molecular indicators from dinoflagellates (dinosterol), eustigmatophyte algae (long-chain (C28–C32) 1, 15 n-alkyl diols) in addition to short-chain n-alkanes, where aquatic productivity is highest during MIS 11. Changes recorded in these molecular proxies show a similar structure to relative temperature variability as recorded by the MBT/CBT (Methylation of Branched Tetraether/Cyclization of Branched Tetraether) paleothermometer, based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). Additionally, relative MBT/CBT temperature changes generally track pollen and diatom δ18O temperature estimates, compiled by other studies, which suggest glacial-interglacial temperature changes of ~ 9 to 12 °C. These records of environmental and climatic change indicate Arctic sensitivity to external forcings such as orbital variability and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Overall, this study indicates that organic geochemical analyses of the Lake El'gygytgyn sediment archive can provide critical insight into the response of lake ecosystems and their sensitivity in high latitude regions.
Parental feeding attitudes and styles and child body mass index: prospective analysis of a gene-environment interaction.

Background. Parental feeding styles were linked to child weight in cross-sectional studies, which were unable to test the direction of effect. Prospective studies can best establish causal relationships among such variables. Objective. We tested the 2-year stability of parental feeding attitudes and styles and investigated whether these variables predict child body mass index (BMI) z scores 2 years later. We evaluated whether these associations were dependent on children’s predisposition to obesity. Methods. Participants were 57 families enrolled in an Infant Growth Study of children born at high risk or low risk for obesity, on the basis of maternal prepregnancy overweight or leanness. Children were evaluated for weight and height at 3, 5, and 7 years of age. Measures of parental feeding attitudes and styles were ascertained with the Child Feeding Questionnaire at 5 and 7 years of age. Correlation and multiple regression analyses tested whether parental feeding styles at age 5 predicted increased child BMI z scores 2 years later. Results. Parental feeding attitudes and styles were stable for child ages of 5 to 7 years. With respect to feeding attitudes, perceived responsibility at age 5 predicted reduced child BMI z scores at age 7 among low-risk families, whereas child weight concern and perceived child weight predicted increased child BMI z scores among high-risk families. With respect to feeding styles, monitoring predicted reduced child BMI z scores at age 7 among low-risk children. In contrast, restriction predicted higher BMI z scores and pressure to eat predicted reduced BMI z scores among high-risk children. These associations remained significant after controlling for child weight status at age 3. Conclusions. The relationship between parental feeding styles and child BMI z scores depends on child obesity predisposition, suggesting a gene-environment interaction. Among children predisposed to obesity, elevated child weight appears to elicit restrictive feeding practices, which in turn may produce additional weight gain. Parenting guidelines for overweight prevention may benefit from consideration of child characteristics such as vulnerability to obesity and current weight status.
Safety Effectiveness of Integrated Accident Prevention Strategies

There are potential interactions among approaches to reduce or prevent certain accident causes. Given the overlapped safety benefits of various measures for accident prevention, it is necessary to identify their interactions and quantify the safety effectiveness of combined accident prevention strategies. This study focuses on strategies to prevent broken rails and broken wheels, respectively. Improved wheel condition reduces the impact load on the rail, thereby may reduce broken-rail-caused derailments. In this paper, we propose a quantitative framework to assess the safety effectiveness of combined accident prevention strategies under various operational conditions. In the larger context of railroad hazardous materials risk management, integrated accident prevention can be compared to other means of risk reduction measures, such as tank car safety design enhancement or operational changes.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Why Do Humans Form Long-Term Mateships? An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Model

Human long-term mating is an evolutionary mystery. Here, we suggest that evolutionary game theory provides three essential components of a good theory of long-term mating. Modeling long-term relationships as public goods games parsimoniously explains the adaptive problems long-term mating solved, identifies the novel adaptive problemslong-termmatingposed,andprovidestestablepredictionsabouttheevolved psychological solutions to these adaptive problems. We apply this framework to three adaptive problems long-term mating may have solved and generate novel predictions about psychological mechanisms evolved in response. Next, we apply the public goods framework to understand the adaptive problems produced by long-term mating. From these adaptive problems, we derive novel predictions about the psychology responsible for (1) selection and attraction of romantic partners, (2) evaluation of long-term
A snapshot of student study strategies across a professional pharmacy curriculum: Are students using evidence-based practice?

Abstract Introduction In order for students to focus on deep learning and develop higher order skills, faculty need to improve the delivery of the educational experience, and students need better study skills. Methods This study surveyed student pharmacists across all four curricular years at a single institution about study strategies. Results Overall, 55% of students completed the survey. Nearly all the respondents (91%) re-read their notes, textbook, or re-watched videos with no significant differences between years. There were significant negative linear trends between cohorts with students completing practice problems ( p p p p p Conclusion Students used re-reading as a main study strategy despite evidence that it is relatively ineffective. Students who seek resources to improve their study skills tend to use more retrieval practices than students who do not.
Measurements of electron density at the exit of an arcjet thruster

This paper presents measurements of electron number density and electron temperature at the exit of a low power 1-kW class radiatively-cooled arcjet thruster operating on hydrogen as a propellant. A spatially translated Langmuir probe is used to obtain these data, and comparisons are made to measurements of electron density using Doppler-free absorption spectroscopy (DFAS) of the Stark-broadened spectral line of the atomic hydrogen Balmer-alpha (Ha) transition. A lineshape model is developed for the DFAS spectra which include cross-over resonances, and collisional coupling between the electronic states within the n = 2 atomic hydrogen level. The electron number densities extracted from the Langmuir probe traces are found to be significantly less than those determined from the DFAS measurements. This difference is attributed to the averaging of the collected current over the extended probe surface.
On-chip optical interconnects made with gallium nitride nanowires.

In this Letter we report on the fabrication, device characteristics, and optical coupling of a two-nanowire device comprising GaN nanowires with light-emitting and photoconductive capabilities. Axial p–n junction GaN nanowires were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, transferred to a non-native substrate, and selectively contacted to form discrete optical source or detector nanowire components. The optical coupling demonstrated for this device may provide new opportunities for integration of optical interconnects between on-chip electrical subsystems.
On the commutativity of sequential finite rotations

Non-commutativity of finite rotations is a fundamental issue that needs to be addressed in mathematical models dealing with sequential finite rotations. Comprehending rotational motions required to...
Dynamics of supersonic microparticle impact on elastomers revealed by real-time multi-frame imaging.

Understanding high–velocity microparticle impact is essential for many fields, from space exploration to medicine and biology. Investigations of microscale impact have hitherto been limited to post–mortem analysis of impacted specimens, which does not provide direct information on the impact dynamics. Here we report real–time multi–frame imaging studies of the impact of 7 μm diameter glass spheres traveling at 700–900 m/s on elastomer polymers. With a poly(urethane urea) (PUU) sample, we observe a hyperelastic impact phenomenon not seen on the macroscale: a microsphere undergoes a full conformal penetration into the specimen followed by a rebound which leaves the specimen unscathed. The results challenge the established interpretation of the behaviour of elastomers under high–velocity impact.
Is a serum TSH measurement sufficient to monitor the treatment of primary hypothyroidism

A 28-YEAR-OLD WOMAN returns for follow-up of her hypothyroidism. She was diagnosed 4 years ago when she presented with fatigue, “foggy” thinking, poor concentration, cold intolerance, and constipation. Her thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level at that time was elevated at 15 mIU/L (reference
Generation of Anisotropic Massless Dirac Fermions and Asymmetric Klein Tunneling in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus Superlattices.

Artificial lattices have been employed in a broad range of two-dimensional systems, including those with electrons, atoms, and photons, in the quest for massless Dirac fermions with high flexibility and controllability. Establishing triangular or hexagonal symmetry, from periodically patterned molecule assembly or electrostatic gating as well as from moire pattern induced by substrate, has produced electronic states with linear dispersions from two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) residing in semiconductors, metals, and graphene. Different from the commonly studied isotropic host systems, here we demonstrate that massless Dirac fermions with tunable anisotropic characteristics can, in general, be generated in highly anisotropic 2DEG under slowly varying external periodic potentials. In the case of patterned few-layer black phosphorus superlattices, the new chiral quasiparticles exist exclusively in certain isolated energy window and inherit the strong anisotropic properties of pristine black phosphorus. Th...
Visible, legitimate, and beautiful justice: A case study of music education formalization within a Haitian NGO:

When music education is formalized within schools and non-governmental organizations, it often becomes aligned with justice-oriented aims of providing universal access to music education. This qualitative case study examines the formation of a marching band within a Haitian school in northeastern Haiti. Data sources collected and analyzed included participant-observation experience, participant interviews, non-governmental organization Facebook posts, and newsletters. Findings indicate the marching band became a form of justice, solidarity, organizational legitimacy, and community leadership. The marching band was related to justice because it made the honorable humanity of participants visible and satisfied a moral calling for talent development. A case study of the cholera epidemic in Haiti reveals how the marching band afforded the school a forum for legitimate community leadership. Students, teachers, parents, and administrators had differing views about the purpose of formalized music education. Stud...
Two-sample Problems for a Dichotomous Variable with Missing Data

SUMMARY Two-sample problems with dichotomous data are considered; probability models which generate missing data are proposed. The statistical techniques appropriate under each model for missing data are discussed and evaluated. Results indicate that inferences based on the estimation of the odds ratio p(l -P2)1p2(l -Pi) are more robust to non-randomly missing data than inferences based on estimation of more standard measures such as Pi1 -P2 or P1IP2.
Flight Test Results of VDL-3, 1090ES, and UAT Datalinks for Weather Information Communication

This presentation describes final test results for the Weather Information Communications (WINCOMM) program at the NASA Glenn Research Center on flight testing of the 1090 Extended Squitter (1090ES), VDL Mode 3, and Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) data links as a medium for weather data exchange. It presents an architectural description of the use of 1090ES to meet the program objectives of sending turbulence information, the use of VDL Mode 3 to send graphical weather images, and the use of UAT for transmitting weather sensor data. This presentation provides a high level definition of the changes made to both avionics and ground-based receivers as well as the ground infrastructure used to support flight testing and future implementation. Summary of results from flight tests of these datalinks will also be presented.
Outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery performed by surgeons-in-training

To compare intraoperative factors and post-operative outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and manual cataract surgery performed by resident surgeons. All cases of FLACS performed by resident surgeons during the 2013–2014 academic year were compared to a control group of manual cataract surgery cases with regards to pre-operative patient data, operative complications, cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), postoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refractive prediction error (RPE), and corneal edema. There were no significant preoperative differences in the FLACS (n = 57) and manual (n = 68) groups. Operative complication rates were similar in cases with sufficient data and follow-up with a higher rate of posterior capsule tear in the manual group. CDE (percent-seconds) was lower in the FLACS group (FLACS: 14.5 ± 7.5; manual: 21.6 ± 11.5; p < 0.01). CDVA (LogMAR) was comparable at 1 month postoperatively (FLACS: 0.004 ± 0.08; manual: 0.024 ± 0.11; p = 0.24) and 1 year postoperatively (FLACS: 0.013 ± 0.06; manual: 0.032 ± 0.09; p = 0.37). No difference in RPE was found at 1 month postoperatively (FLACS: 0.38 ± 0.24 D; manual: 0.41 ± 0.49 D; p = 0.66) and 1 year postoperatively (FLACS: 0.49 ± 0.63 D; manual: 0.34 ± 0.26 D; p = 0.31). Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery is safe and effective compared to manual cataract surgery when performed by resident surgeons. Both 1-month and 1-year outcomes show no difference in refractive predictive error in FLACS compared to manual cataract surgery in surgeons in training.
The Inclusion of a Surface Mixed Layer in a Large-Scale Circulation Model

Abstract This paper is concerned with a numerical model that combines an adiabatic, baroclinic interior ocean with a thermodynamically active mixed layer of variable depth. The interior ocean is specified in terms of isopycnic coordinates. An adjustment procedure that permits matching of these two domains during periods of mixed layer shallowing is described. Discussion of the model's formulation is followed by a presentation of some preliminary model results.
Thickness imaging for high-resolution stratigraphic interpretation by linear combination and color blending of multiple-frequency panels

AbstractDespite routine demand from petroleum explorationists and field developers, interpreting (inverting) seismic data for reservoir thickness from acoustic impedance (AI) or lithology volume requires a high-quality, unbiased well database and the special skills of elite geophysicists. I have developed a new method, based on linear combination and color blending of multiple-frequency panels, to estimate AI and thickness without the strict implementation of complex mathematics and extensive well control. Aimed at readjusting the thin-bed tuning effect in a formation of normal thickness range (up to λ; λ = dominant wavelength), a linear combination of three frequency panels from −90° data would lead to a reasonable visual match between a sandstone (shale) body and its seismic event, should the combined amplitude spectrum roughly match the AI spectrum. A red-green-blue blending of frequency panels further extends the interpretive benefits by illustrating the thickness in color, adding a sense of thickness...
Impact of institutional procedural volume on inhospital outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy device implantation: US national database 2003-2011.

Background The relationship between hospital volume and outcomes for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) implantations has not been well established. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine outcomes after CRT device implantation stratified by hospital volume using a large national inpatient database. Methods Using the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified all patients undergoing de novo CRT implants between 2003 and 2011. Hospitals were categorized according to tertiles of annual CRT procedural volume. Rates of inhospital adverse events including death, cardiac perforation, pneumothorax, and lead revision were examined. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to compare outcomes across hospital volume categories. Results Between 2003 and 2011, 410,104 de novo CRT implantations were performed. More than half (50.9%) of hospitals performed ≤16 CRT implants/y. Overall complication rates were higher in the lower-volume centers (3.9%, 3.5%, and 3.2%; P = .001) when stratified by first, second, and third tertiles of CRT volume, respectively. The lowest tertile of CRT volume was independently associated with increased inhospital all-cause mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–1.70; P = .005), any complication (adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.37; P = .003), and lead revision (adjusted OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.03–1.58; P = .03). Conclusion Lower CRT hospital volume was associated with worse outcomes, including inhospital death, overall complications, and lead revision. Establishment of standards defining minimum CRT volume thresholds to identify centers of excellence may result in improved outcomes.