cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why does the Loop Current tend to shed more eddies in summer and winter

[1] The observed seasonal preferences of Loop Current eddy shedding, more in summer and winter and less in fall and spring, are shown for the first time to be due to a curious combination of forcing by the seasonal winds in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. The conditions are favorable for the Loop to shed eddies in summer and winter when strong trade winds in the Caribbean produce large Yucatan transport and Loop's intrusion, and concurrently when weak easterlies in the Gulf offer little impediment to eddy shedding. The conditions are less favorable in fall and spring as the trade winds and Yucatan transport weaken, and the strengthening of the Gulf's easterlies impedes shedding.
A robust and efficient algorithm for bilevel document block classification

We present a robust and computationally efficient algorithm for the classification of blocks of bilevel machine-printed documents into text and halftone categories. It uses a simple mask that makes use of the different correlation properties between the text and halftone regions, and has comparable or better performance than more sophisticated and computationally intensive spectral analysis techniques. The proposed algorithm is a key component of a document recognition system that segments a document into regions, classifies them into text, halftone, line-art, etc., and then analyzes the regions to obtain a document interpretation. The input data are unusually challenging: multilingual, unoriented (e.g., upside down), and range from ideal (machine-generated) images to very low quality (e.g., copied and faxed) images. We test the proposed algorithm on the University of Washington database and demonstrate its performance on a variety of images from different databases, as well as synthetic images.
Expert systems in materials science and engineering

Since 1982 the US National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) and the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have collaborated under the NACE-NIST Corrosion Data Program to develop data resources of interest to the materials science and engineering communities. These resources have included expert systems, which have focused primarily on materials selection and usage applications in industry. A brief history of the program is presented, the expert systems developed therein are presented, and development methodologies are described. Particular emphasis is placed on the participation of the chemical process, oil and gas and electric power industries in the NACE-NIST Corrosion Data Program. >
Hemispheric asymmetries in categorical judgments of direction versus coordinate judgments of velocity of motion

Three experiments on visual field differences in motion perception are reported. Experiment 1 employed circular stimuli that grew or shrank either quickly or slowly. Experiments 2 and 3 employed circles that moved upward or downward either quickly or slowly. Judgments based on categorical equivalence classes (i.e., grow/shrink, upward/downward) generally yielded small and nonsignificant right visual field advantages. Judgments based on the precise coordinates of motion (i.e., quickly/slowly) yielded significant left visual field advantages across all three experiments. Results are interpreted in light of Kosslyn’s (1987) model of hemispheric differences in the processing of categorical versus coordinate spatial relations.
Genetic Aspects of Solids-not-fat and its Components

Summary Evidence has been presented which indicates that part of the variation in composition of milk is genetic and that selection for S.N.F. or its basic constituents should be effective in changing the composition of milk of our future dairy-cow population. However, additional data are needed in order to obtain more precise estimates of the genetic parameters, i.e., heritabilities and genetic correlations.
The education and contribution of women health care professionals in Saudi Arabia: The case of nursing

"Women constitute the key resource for attaining the goal of health for all by the year 2000," maintains a report by The World Health Organization. Achieving this goal requires massive efforts including (1) the training of women health care professionals; and (2) the nonformal health education of women, the primary health care providers to their families and communities. This paper focuses on the first area, specifically on the education of women nurses in a Third World country, Saudi Arabia, where traditional attitudes persist against intermingling of the genders and the treatment of women by men. It examines the progress and problems encountered in recruiting Saudi women for nursing education and practice; describes the evolution of nursing education programs; and analyzes the obstacles to women's participation in these programs and in the nursing profession. The paper concludes with recommendations to address the problem, increase women's participation, and contribute to that country's health development. The paper is based upon primary and secondary data, including official statistics; personal interviews with Saudi women health professionals and students; the memoirs of a leading Saudi woman nurse and educator, the author's personal observations and experiences with the health care system during four years of residence in Saudi Arabia, and available literature on the subject.
Covalent titanium(IV)-aryloxide network materials : 4,4'-Biphenoxide 3D and polyphenolic 2D motifs

The three- and two-dimensional covalent metal–organic network (CMON) compounds {[Ti( μ 1,6 : η 2 , η 1 -4,4′-OC 12 H 8 O) 0.5 ( μ 1,6 : η 2 , η 1 -4,4′-OC 12 H 8 O)(O i Pr)(HO i Pr)] 2 ·THF} n (1) and {[Ti( μ 1,3 -1,3-OC 6 H 4 O)( μ -1,3-OC 6 H 4 OH)(1,3-OC 6 H 4 OH) (HO i Pr)] 2 } n (2) were synthesized by treatment of Ti(O i Pr) 4 with 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl in THF and resorcinol in CS 2 , respectively, at 100°C. Diffraction data was collected at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) because of the small, weakly diffracting nature of the crystals. 1 (C 26 H 31 O 5.5 Ti, monoclinic, P 2 1 , a =10.137(2), b =15.988(3), c =15.745(3), β =107.76(3)°, Z =4, R =0.0858) and 2 (C 21 H 22 O 7 Ti, monoclinic, P 2 1 / c , a =11.955(2), b =16.275(3), c =11.028(2), β =113.25(3)°, Z =4, R =0.0550) are both based upon similar edge-sharing bioctahedral dititanium building blocks, (i.e., Ti 2 ( μ -OAr) 2 ). Six connections per dititanium unit constrain the structural motif of 1 to be base-centered. Four μ 1,3 -diphenoxides per dititanium core in 2 connect to provide a rectangular net, but the regiochemistry of resorcinol ultimately restricts its dimensionality. The structures suggest design elements based on the number and geometry of connecting organic linkages.
Effects of Metomidate Hydrochloride Sedation on Blood Glucose and Marketability of Transported Threespot Gourami Trichogaster trichopterus

Abstract Our objectives were to determine whether sedation with metomidate hydrochloride (hereafter, “metomidate”) during transportation of threespot gourami Trichogaster trichopterus would prevent an increase in blood glucose levels and improve fish marketability (i.e., based on appearance and behavior) in comparison with unsedated controls. Threespot gourami are obligate air-breathers that possess a labyrinth organ, enabling the fish to respire air above the water surface; these fish should be lightly sedated during transport. Fish were transported for approximately 24 h via truck and domestic airline. Blood was sampled at 0, 2, 6, and 12 h posttransportation, and appearance and behavior were observed at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 12 h and 7 d posttransportation. Metomidate concentrations tested were 0.0 (control), 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mg/L. At the concentrations tested, metomidate neither inhibited elevations in blood glucose nor improved marketability. Fish that were transported with 0.3-mg/L metomidate were l...
A replica plating technique for the study of plaque-forming centers

Abstract Mouse spleen cells were cultured on Millipore filters supported on the surface of Eagle's agarose medium. The secretory products of individual plaque-forming centers (PFC) revealed after diffusion into the agarose, were studied over an extended period of time by transferring the Millipore filters to fresh agarose surfaces repeatedly in a manner analogous to the replica plating technique employed with bacteria.
Nuclear cross sections for the scattering of neutrons and protons

Abstract Cross sections and polarization effects are calculated for the scattering of neutrons and protons by Al, Fe and Pb. The calculations are based on an optical model with rounded profile and spin orbit coupling, and are carried out in WKB approximation above 300 MeV and by exact computation of the phase shifts at lower energies. The nuclear radii determined from the high energy data are smaller than those reported in earlier studies of nuclear cross sections, and are close to the radii determined by the analysis of electron scattering at high energies. The radius obtained from the 300 MeV analysis also yields good results for the scattering of neutrons by Zr at 7 MeV. At all energies polarization data are found to be essential for the determination of the parameters of the model.
Simultaneous sensorimotor adaptation and sequence learning

Sensorimotor adaptation and sequence learning have often been treated as distinct forms of motor learning. But frequently the motor system must acquire both types of experience simultaneously. Here, we investigated the interaction of these two forms of motor learning by having subjects adapt to predictable forces imposed by a robotic manipulandum while simultaneously reaching to an implicit sequence of targets. We show that adaptation to novel dynamics and learning of a sequence of movements can occur simultaneously and without significant interference or facilitation. When both conditions were presented simultaneously to subjects, their trajectory error and reaction time decreased to the same extent as those of subjects who experienced the force field or sequence independently.
Morphogenesis and ultrastructure of the conidiomata of Ascochyta cypericola

The conidiomata of Ascochyta cypericola are pycnidial and originate by compound meristogenous activity. The pycnidial cavity evolves by a combination of both schizogenous and lysogenous processes. The pycnidial wall consists of 10–12 layers of prosenchymatous and pseudoparenchymatous tissues and is impregnated with melanin granules and lipid-like materials. Conidiogenesis is mono- or polyholoblastic in young pycnidia and phialidic in mature pycnidia. The conidia of A. cypericola are chiefly (70%) medianly or unequally 1-septate, some are 2-septate and rarely 3-septate with distoseptation.
Thermal decomposition processes in aromatic amine-based polybenzoxazines investigated by TGA and GC–MS

Abstract Three different aromatic amine-based polybenzoxazines are subjected to thermal decomposition in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The degradation products, which are volatile compounds evaporating out of the furnace as gases, are trapped and analyzed further by a gas chromatograph which is coupled with a mass selective detector (GC–MS). All the degradation products are separated by GC and come out at different retention times, as seen in the total ion chromatogram. All the compound's mass are selectively identified by MS. The chromatograms are divided into two regions; the low column temperature region containing low molecular weight and highly volatile compounds, and the high column temperature region containing higher molecular weight and less volatile compounds. The evolved gas analysis performed by GC–MS allows us to identify the molecular weight and also the structure of the volatiles. This information is then used to illustrate the processes occurring during the thermal decomposition of aromatic amine-based polybenzoxazines.
A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF PROLACTIN ON BROODINESS AND ON COCK TESTES

IN AN EARLIER STUDY an attempt was made to determine the number of genes forbroodiness carried by cocks by means of hormone treatment rather than breeding tests (Nalbandov and Card 1945). It was found in that study that sufficient amounts of prolactin will cause males, regardless of their genotypes, to show most of the broody responses shownby broody hens. The amount of prolactin required to bring about this response in maleswasroughly inversely proportional to the number of genes for broodiness assumed to be carried by them. Regardless of the dosage of prolactin injected none of the males could xgbe induced to incubate eggs, but they will assume complete charge of a group of day old chicks.Tasks usually identified with the broody hen would then be executed by prolactin-treated males who would lead chicks to feed and water, protect and shelter them under body and wing, attack and drive away aggressors and utter a variety of vocal sounds, including clucking, normally not heard from males, but understood an...
Type VI secretion system

Bacteria employ a variety of tools to survive in a competitive environment. Salomon and Orth describe one such tool-the Type 6 Secretion Systems used by bacteria to deliver a variety of toxins into competing cells.
Factors Affecting Broiler Breeder Performance. 3. Relationship of Body Weight During Fasting to Postmolt Performance

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to assess the relationship of body weight during a 12-day fast to postmolt performance of broiler breeder hens. The hens were individually caged Hubbard broiler breeders and were force molted by reducing the photoperiod, withdrawing feed for 12 days, and withdrawing water for 2 days. Body weight change during the fast was expressed as either body weight loss (LOSS) during the 12-day fast or as the body weight (BDWT) on Day 12. Egg production, egg shell quality (specific gravity), and egg weight were assessed for seven or eight 28-day periods. Fertility and hatch of fertile eggs were also determined. Improved postmolt egg production and reduced egg weight were more closely associated with BDWT than LOSS. No other consistent relationship was found. These data demonstrated that a body weight of approximately 2.4 to 3.0 kg must be reached during a fast to maximize postmolt egg production under these experimental conditions.
Copb1-facilitated axonal transport and translation of κ opioid-receptor mRNA

mRNA of κ opioid receptor (KOR) can be transported to nerve fibers, including axons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and can be locally translated. Yeast three-hybrid screening identifies Copb1 as a kor mRNA-associated protein that form complexes with endogenous kor mRNA, which are colocalized in the soma and axons of DRG neurons. Axonal transport of kor mRNA is demonstrated, directly, by observing mobilization of biotin-labeled kor mRNA in Campenot chambers. Efficient transport of kor mRNA into the side chamber requires Copb1 and can be blocked by a drug that disrupts microtubules. The requirement for Copb1 in mobilizing kor mRNA is confirmed by using the MS2–GFP mRNA-tagging system. Furthermore, Copb1 also facilitates the translation of kor mRNA in the soma and axons. This study provides evidence for a microtubule-dependent, active axonal kor mRNA-transport process that involves Copb1 and can stimulate localized translation and suggests coupling of transport and translation of mRNAs destined to the remote areas such as axons.
Homoepitaxial diamond films on diamond anvils with metallic probes: the diamond/metal interface up to 74 GPa

A (100)-oriented natural type-Ia brilliant-cut diamond anvil with thin zirconium electrical probes sputtered onto the culet was coated with an insulating film of diamond using microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (MPCVD). The critical issue in this high-pressure study is the quality of the homoepitaxial diamond film and its correlation with the mechanical strength of the diamond film/metallic probe interface. We report the first high-pressure study on a homoepitaxial diamond film and underlying zirconium probes to a pressure of 74 GPa. The metallic probes were observed through a transparent lithium fluoride sample with ruby serving as a pressure sensor. After decompression, Raman spectroscopy revealed that the homoepitaxial film was free from deformation and delamination despite the presence of some -bonded carbon at the Zr/diamond interface and within the bulk of the film itself. The present study demonstrates that the presence of residual defects and graphitic impurities has no significant effect on high-pressure applications of homoepitaxial diamond films. This opens up new areas of research with diamond anvil cell devices including those of ohmic heating and electrical transport measurements at ultra-high pressures.
Effect of different organic farming methods on the phenolic composition of sea buckthorn berries.

The effects of different organic cultivation methods on the berry phenolics of two Finnish sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides) cultivars, ‘Terhi’ and ‘Tytti’, were studied in an...
Nutritional value of malvaceous seeds and related life-table analysis in terms of feeding and reproductive indices in the dusky cotton bug,Oxycarenus laetus Kirby (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Seed host diversity and subsequent impact of the nutritive value of different malvaceous host plant seeds determined the life-history consequences and the seed-use pattern of the dusky cotton bug,Oxycarenus laetus Kirby. Significant differences were observed in the feeding, food utilization and reproductive success of the bugs depending upon the type of seed food utilized as well as its biochemical profile particularly proteins, nitrogen, carbohydrates, phenols and lipids. Analysis of the different life-table statistics such as developmental time, maturation time, net reproductive rate (R o ), and the intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) revealed seeds of crop plants to be better utilized when compared to malvaceous weed hosts.
Driver-Car Communication Would Introduce a Drastic Change in Vehicle Design

This paper discusses the potential role of emotion in changing our machine design, based upon the experiments conducted for about 20 years by TMIT (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology) research group headed by the author. An automobile design shares the same issues as those in our future machine design. In order to clarify these points, experiment to detect driver’s emotion were carried out. Our research to detect driver’s emotion started from the observations of a driver in driving, and based on them, experiments to detect driver’s emotion from face, sound and body were carried out. The following points were made clear. (1) a driving simulator is not good because a subject is in a different state of mind and physical conditions from actual driving. (2) Dynamic image processing is valid, but to make it effective, a simple image processing technique must be developed and a technique to remove lighting change effects must be developed. (3) When detecting from face, feature points must be carefully chosen. (4) Although sound is very promising, drivers do not utter voices often and if they do, their durations are very short. But if we introduce voice guidance systems, which would be much easier in EVs, detection from sound would work far more effectively than that from dynamic image, because images are very difficult to process due to the frequently changing lighting. (5) Physical movements can be used very effectively to detect fatigue. (6) Physical movement may be utilized for safer driving. If a new communication system between a driver and a car can be developed, the design of a car would change drastically. We do not have to, for example, use a wheel to steer. We could use bars. Equipments can be placed far away from the driver, if voice guidance systems can be introduced. Thus, a far greater degree of design flexibility could be introduced and a driver and a car could work better together as a team.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
High performance 3-coil wireless power transfer system for the 512-electrode epiretinal prosthesis

The next-generation retinal prostheses feature high image resolution and chronic implantation. These features demand the delivery of power as high as 100 mW to be wireless and efficient. A common solution is the 2-coil inductive power link, used by current retinal prostheses. This power link tends to include a larger-size extraocular receiver coil coupled to the external transmitter coil, and the receiver coil is connected to the intraocular electrodes through a trans-sclera trans-choroid cable. In the long-term implantation of the device, the cable may cause hypotony (low intraocular pressure) and infection. However, when a 2-coil system is constructed from a small-size intraocular receiver coil, the efficiency drops drastically which may induce over heat dissipation and electromagnetic field exposure. Our previous 2-coil system achieved only 7% power transfer. This paper presents a fully intraocular and highly efficient wireless power transfer system, by introducing another inductive coupling link to bypass the trans-sclera trans-choroid cable. With the specific equivalent load of our customized 512-electrode stimulator, the current 3-coil inductive link was measured to have the overall power transfer efficiency around 36%, with 1-inch separation in saline. The high efficiency will favorably reduce the heat dissipation and electromagnetic field exposure to surrounding human tissues. The effect of the eyeball rotation on the power transfer efficiency was investigated as well. The efficiency can still maintain 14.7% with left and right deflection of 30 degree during normal use. The surgical procedure for the coils' implantation into the porcine eye was also demonstrated.
Patterns of Acute Rhesus Cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) Infection Predict Long-Term RhCMV Infection

We previously reported that long-term rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) excretion in infected macaques was related to UL/b′ coding content. Acute biopsy specimens of the inoculation sites from the previous study have now been analyzed to determine whether there were acute phenotypic predictors of long-term RhCMV infection. Only in animals displaying acute endothelial tropism and neutrophilic inflammation was RhCMV excretion detected. The results imply that vaccinating against these early viral determinants would significantly impede long-term RhCMV infection.
New revelations about the role of STATs in stature.

In this issue of the Journal, Kofoed et al. (pages 1139–1147) describe a novel mechanism for impaired growth in the form of a mutation in the gene for the intracytoplasmic protein signal transducer...
The Initiation of Tetryl by Small Charges of PETN

Explosion times of PETN pressings and PETN/tetryl assemblies have been measured as a function of the length and density of the PETN donor charge and the density of the tetryl acceptor. A charge length of about 3.5 mm is necessary for the PETN explosion wave to reach steady-state velocity for the densities studied. The initiation of the tetryl pellet is related to the detonation velocity (and presumably peak pressure) as well as the pressure-distance profile generated in the PETN explosion wave. Higher-density tetryl charges appear to be more sensitive than lower.
Pathologic findings from the national surgical adjuvant breast project (protocol no. 4) vi. discriminants for five‐year treatment failure

Thirty-six pathologic and six clinical characteristics observed in 581 patients enrolled in protocol no. 4 of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project were treated by radical mastectomy and were correlated with five-year treatment failure. The cases were initially stratified according to pathologic nodal status, the most important discriminant in breast cancer. The presence of tumor necrosis, poor tumor differentiation (histologic grade 3) and a tumor size > 4 cm were found by multivariate analyses to influence treatment failure in patients without nodal metastases. Prognosis was usually worse in individuals whose tumors exhibited all of these features than in those in whom only one or two could be detected. Although the sample size was small, life-table analysis also disclosed a highly significant relationship between treatment failure and a germinal center predominance pattern in regional nodes in this subset of patients. Except for this latter, these same discriminants were similarly noted to affect treatment failure in those patients with four or more nodal metastases but not those with only 1--3 positive nodes. A possible explanation for this inconsistency among nodal categories is discussed. Nevertheless, it is concluded that these rather easily measured pathologic parameters represent important discriminants for the prognosis and the design of treatment schemes and subsequent protocols for patients with breast cancer, particularly those without regional nodal metastasis. The findings amplify the importance of intrinsic tumor characteristics as well as possibly host factors in accounting for the clinical behavior of patients with breast cancer.
Telomere Reduction and Telomerase Inactivation during Neuronal Cell Differentiation

Telomerase adds (TTAGGG)n hexanucleotide repeats to the ends of mammalian telomeres. This compensates for telomeric loss with successive rounds of cellular replication. Telomerase activity is detected in many neoplastic cells, but not in most normal somatic cells. To determine whether telomeric length and telomerase activity are associated with cellular differentiation, we measured telomeric lengths and telomerase activity in embryonic NT2 precursor cells prior to and following differentiation into post mitotic hNT neurons. This system allows for studies in a direct neuronal cell lineage and, thus, provides a unique model for studying the role of neuronal telomerase activity. Our results show that telomerase activity was present in precursor cells, but not in neuronal cells. Telomeres were consistently longer in NT2 cells than in hNT cells. These results suggest that changes in telomeric length and loss of telomerase activity play a role in neuronal cellular differentiation.
Pin-retained, resin-bonded fixed partial dentures

This article describes a technique to enhance resistance form in the construction of anterior resin-bonded fixed partial dentures. The technique is simple and conserves tooth structure. It uses a cingulum pin when an opposing axial groove cannot be adequately incorporated into the preparation.
Developing a Post-Prior Taxonomy of Ethical Sentences

The main guiding assumption of this paper is that there is need for a taxonomy of ethical sentences (a reliable way for differentiating ethical from non-ethical sentences) that does not overgenerate, yet can make useful contributions to debates about certain controversial sentences (such as conditionals with a non-ethical antecedent and ethical consequent). After surveying the recent literature and concluding that no extant taxonomy that satisfies both of these conditions is available to us, I propose and explain a novel taxonomy which does satisfy them. I then defend my proposal from five potential objections.
Exponential average time for the pure literal rule

This paper gives exponential lower bounds for the average time of an algorithm based on a simplified version of the pure literal rule from the Davis–Putnam procedure. It is shown that this algorithm requires an average time that is exponential in v, the number of variables, when p, the probability that a literal is in a clause, is proportional to $1/v$ and t, the number of clauses in the predicate, is at least a linear function of v. The time is greater than any polynomial in v over a somewhat larger range of parameters. For the two cases $t = \Theta (\ln v)$ and $p = O(\ln v/v^{3/2} )$, the results of this lower-bound analysis are the same (to within a constant factor) as the upper-bound results in [SIAM J. Comput., 14 (1985), pp. 943–953]. The results of this and other papers show that the fastest analyzed algorithm for random satisfiability problems depends on the parameters of the distribution. Backtracking, the pure literal rule, and the new algorithm of Iwama [Report KSU/ICS 88-01, Institute of Comp...
Accelerating Correlated Quantum Chemistry Calculations Using Graphical Processing Units and a Mixed Precision Matrix Multiplication Library.

Two new tools for the acceleration of computational chemistry codes using graphical processing units (GPUs) are presented. First, we propose a general black-box approach for the efficient GPU acceleration of matrix−matrix multiplications where the matrix size is too large for the whole computation to be held in the GPU’s onboard memory. Second, we show how to improve the accuracy of matrix multiplications when using only single-precision GPU devices by proposing a heterogeneous computing model, whereby single- and double-precision operations are evaluated in a mixed fashion on the GPU and central processing unit, respectively. The utility of the library is illustrated for quantum chemistry with application to the acceleration of resolution-of-the-identity second-order Moller−Plesset perturbation theory calculations for molecules, which we were previously unable to treat. In particular, for the 168-atom valinomycin molecule in a cc-pVDZ basis set, we observed speedups of 13.8, 7.8, and 10.1 times for singl...
Predicting Occupational Status for Non‐College‐Bound Males

In a follow-up of selected 1957 Wisconsin male high school graduates (N = 2,230), a prediction of occupational status was attempted. Of the 17 independent variables used, 3 emerged as highly significant and valid: post-high school education (p < .001), community of residence (p < .001), and high school grade-point average (p < .01). Two multiple coefficients were obtained (R = .32, F = 42.43, p < .001, and R = .26, F = 24.97, p < .001). Results suggest that family background factors and aspiration levels are not as important in predicting occupational status as are further education and training, high school achievement, and community of orientation in a highly industrialized urban technocracy.
Molecular cloning and embryonic expression of dFKBP59, a novel Drosophila FK506-binding protein.

Abstract A Drosophila cDNA encoding a structural homolog of mammalian FKBP59 (also identified as FKBP52), a member of the FK506-binding protein (FKBP) class of immunophilins, was isolated. The gene dFKBP59 corresponding to this cDNA has been characterized and mapped to the 30D3-4 region. The predicted amino acid sequence of this cDNA shows that the dFKBP59 protein contains one highly conserved FKBP12-like domain followed by two others with less conservation. Northern hybridization reveals that the dFKBP59 mRNA is expressed throughout the Drosophila life-cycle. In contrast to its mammalian homologs, in situ hybridization detected dFKBP59 expression in specific tissues: the lymph glands, Garland cells and oenocyte cells, which are all specialized tissues in which intensive exocytic/endocytic cycling takes place. Garland cells and oenocytes (also called Drosophila nephrocytes) function in taking up waste material from the hemolymph. Finally, I have mapped an enhancer trap element within the 5′ region of dFKBP59 which may help in future studies to address the question of its function during Drosophila development.
Perceived Networks, Activity Foci, and Observable Communication in Social Collectives

Research identifying important differences between perceived and observed communication networks has created the need for an integrative model to link the two phenomena. The theory described here proposes that observable communication is the result of a latent network of perceived communication relationships that is instantiated when activity foci are triggered. Giddens' (1984) structuration theory, Homans' (1950) theory of the human group, Feld's (1981) model of activity foci, and the concept of triggering events are incorporated to define activity, make it conceptually distinct from interaction, and explain how it acts to instantiate perceived communication relationships. Three modalities of enactment, activation, and reticulation are advanced as explanations for the production of observable communication. The falsifability of the theory is established via a comparison of algebraic models, and three key research issues stemming from the theory are addressed.
The B1C8 protein is in the dense assemblies of the nuclear matrix and relocates to the spindle and pericentriolar filaments at mitosis.

Abstract The B1C8 monoclonal antibody detects a 180-kDa nuclear matrix-specific protein. The protein is a component of the dense, metabolically active bodies or assemblies revealed by resinless section electron microscopy of the nuclear matrix. These assemblies are scattered through the nuclear interior, enmeshed in a complex network of 11-nm filaments. Resinless section electron microscopy of immunogold-stained nuclear matrix preparations shows B1C8 located in many but apparently not all the assemblies. In this regard, the B1C8 antigen resembles previously studied nuclear matrix proteins such as the H1B2 protein. The speckled pattern of nuclear immunofluorescence by B1C8 reflects this labeling of the dense assemblies in the nuclear matrix. Somewhat unusual is the faint staining of cytoplasmic microtubules by B1C8, which appears to be due to a weakly cross-reacting protein. During cell division, the B1C8 antigen redistributed drastically, showing the dispersion of nuclear matrix assemblies at mitosis. Speckles of B1C8 fluorescence first coalesced at prophase within the nuclear interior and then scattered into numerous cytoplasmic speckles by prometaphase. At metaphase, the B1C8 speckled cytoplasmic staining had become even more widely distributed and finely grained. Also, intense labeling appeared at the mitotic pole and on the spindle fibers themselves. The reassembly of B1C8 antigens into larger cytoplasmic speckles began at anaphase and finally, at telophase, most B1C8 labeling redistributed into speckles in the re-forming nuclei.
WITHDRAWN: Synthesis of [18F]-labeled N3-substituted thymidine analogs: N3-[18F]fluoroethyl thymidine (N3-[18F]-FET) and N3-[18F]fluoropropyl thymidine (N3-[18F]-FPRT) for PET

This article has been retracted consistent with Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal. Please see http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
The trafficking and behavior of cellulose synthase and a glimpse of potential cellulose synthesis regulators

Cellulose biosynthesis is a topic of intensive research not only due to the significance of cellulose in the integrity of plant cell walls, but also due to the potential of using cellulose, a natural carbon source, in the production of biofuels. Characterization of the composition, regulation, and trafficking of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) is critical to an understanding of cellulose biosynthesis as well as the characterization of additional proteins that contribute to the production of cellulose either through direct interactions with CSCs or through indirect mechanisms. In this review, a highlight of a few proteins that appear to affect cellulose biosynthesis, which includes: KORRIGAN (KOR), Cellulose Synthase-Interactive Protein 1 (CSI1), and the poplar microtubule-associated protein, PttMAP20, will accompany a description of cellulose synthase (CESA) behavior and a discussion of CESA trafficking compartments that might act in the regulation of cellulose biosynthesis.
Freezing potentials-effect of substrate on potential during the freezing of aqueous solutions at a uniform rate

Abstract Detailed measurements were made of the electrical potentials generated when NH 4 Cl and NH 4 l solutions (over the concentration range 10 −7 –10 −1 moles/liter) are frozen via a planar interface moving at a constant velocity. The electrical potential vs. the length of the ice crystal curves are quite different depending on whether ice is nucleated on glass substrate or on Hg substrate. Assuming that the potential is due to an unequal partitioning of the positive and negative ions of the solute, the potential buildup is calculated for a uniformly moving interface. It is found that the unequal partitioning model provides a satisfactory explanation for freezing on glass substrate but not for freezing on Hg substrate. The experimental results with Hg substrate are explained by assuming that the observed potential is a sum of the potential generated due to unequal ionic partitioning and that due to the ice being polarized.
Hydrophilic Residues Are Crucial for Ribosomal Protein L11 (RPL11) Interaction with Zinc Finger Domain of MDM2 and p53 Protein Activation

Ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11) has been shown to activate p53 by binding to MDM2 and negating its p53 suppression activity in response to ribosomal stress. Although a mutation at Cys-305 within the zinc finger domain of MDM2 has been shown to drastically impair MDM2 interaction with RPL11 and thus escapes the inhibition by this ribosomal protein, it still remains elusive whether RPL11 inactivates MDM2 via direct action on this zinc finger domain and what is the chemical nature of this specific interaction. To define the roles of the MDM2 zinc finger in association with RPL11, we conducted hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, computational modeling, circular dichroism, and mutational analyses of the zinc finger domain of MDM2 and human RPL11. Our study reveals that RPL11 forms a stable complex with MDM2 in vitro through direct contact with its zinc finger. This binding is disrupted by single mutations of non-cysteine amino acids within the zinc finger domain of MDM2. Basic residues in RPL11 are crucial for the stable binding and RPL11 suppression of MDM2 activity toward p53. These results provide the first line of evidence for the specific interaction between RPL11 and the zinc finger of MDM2 via hydrophilic residues as well as a molecular foundation for better understanding RPL11 inhibition of MDM2 function.
Hyperthidrosis and the sympatho-adrenal system

Some disorders in which excessive sweating, hyperhidrosis, is a symptom are also characterized by increased sympatho-adrenal activity. Such disorders are hypotension, hypoglycemia, pheochromocytoma and hyperthyroidism. Sweat glands are controlled by a cholinergic innervation but can also be stimulated by adrenergic agents whose effects can be blocked by both alpha- and beta-receptor blocking drugs. An adrenergic innervation has also been demonstrated. There is evidence that the adrenergic component of sweating particularly secretion of the adrenal medulla, is responsible for the enhancement of sweating during exercise but not for the hyperhidrosis present in these disorders since sweating in these circumstances can be effectively blocked by cholinergic blocking compounds. Cutaneous vasoconstriction due to elevated plasma catecholamines reduces the rate of evaporation of sweat and allows sweat to accumulate on the skin. It is suggested that in the case of hypotension and insulin hypoglycemia sweating results from general sympathetic stimulation and that adrenal medullary hormones are not an essential component of the response. Hyperhidrosis in pheochromocytoma may be due to central activation of heat loss mechanisms resulting from the passage of plasma catecholamines across the blood-brain barrier combined with increased thermogenesis and cutaneous vasoconstriction. The hyperhidrosis of hyperthyroidism is probably due to increased thermogenesis.
Lipidomic metabolism analysis of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonylethanolamide)

Elucidation of pathways involved with lipid metabolism has been limited by analytical challenges associated with detection and structure identification. A discovery-based mass spectrometry lipidomic approach has been applied to identify metabolites of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonylethanolamide). Previously, a model system was established to show that anandamide can be recycled by cells to form new endocannabinoids suggesting recycling of the arachidonate carbon chain. We hypothesized that distinct cellular pathways exist to direct the anandamide-derived arachidonate chain into a specific set of metabolites, different from the metabolite pool that is comprised of non-anandamide-derived arachidonic acid. Using stable isotope encoding and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, we identified a distinct pool of lipid metabolites derived from exogenous anandamide or arachidonic acid in RBL-2H3 cells. We discovered that arachidonic acid-derived metabolites were primarily comprised of the eicosanoid lipid class, whereas anandamide-derived arachidonic acid, in addition to eicosanoids, was metabolized into diradylglycerols, fatty acid amides, sterols, and glycerophospholipids. From the list of anandamide metabolites of particular interest was 1-O-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Furthermore, we determined that while 1-O-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine may be a metabolite of anandamide, the sn-2 compound was more abundant in mouse brain tissue. Overall, our results provide a novel approach to study the metabolic fate of endocannabinoids and fatty acid-derived signaling molecules.
Crystallization‐induced reactions of copolymers. II. Cis‐trans isomerization of 1,4‐poly‐1,3‐butadiene

The cis-trans photoisomerization reaction of 1,4-polybutadiene was carried out below the melting points on films of polymers containing high trans-1,4 contents. Under the proper conditions of temperature and polymer composition, the reaction was observed to undergo an anti-equilibrium behavior, which was attributed to an irreversible crystallization of repeating units after isomerization from cis to trans structure. As a result, the trans composition passed through a minimum with reaction time while crystallinity increased throughout the reaction, and unexpectedly the β crystalline form was observed well below the α–β transition temperature. The composition–time behavior observed was rationalized on the basis of incorporation of trans units into crystalline regions on the lamellar fold surfaces and discussed within the framework of the proposed requirements for crystallization-induced reactions of copolymers.
The influence of weight on adolescent self-esteem

Overweight children have traditionally been thought to have lower self-esteem than other children. Prospective data from the California Child Health and Development Studies were used to test this hypothesis by examination of the relationship between body mass index, self-esteem and locus of control while controlling for demographic and baseline psychosocial traits. Principle components and confirmatory factor analysis were used to derive latent constructs for self-esteem, locus of control and other psychosocial factors. A covariance structure model was developed using the results of the confirmatory factor analysis. In this model, adolescent self-esteem, locus of control and body mass index were not related. These findings from prospective data in a non-clinical population suggest that although some subgroups of obese children may be vulnerable for decreased self-esteem, this does not appear to be a significant problem in the general population.
Mass transfer and complexation in concentrated zinc/potassium halide electrolytes—I. Effective diffusivities

Abstract Effective diffusivities of zinc in concentrated solutions of ZnCl 2 /KCl and ZnBr 2 /KBr with varying KCl, KBr concentrations were determined from polarographic measurements. The results indicate that zinc halo complexes are influencing the migration flux of the reacting species. Effective diffusivities exhibit a minimum at a Cl/Zn ration of approximately 3.5. No minimum was observed for the ZnBr 2 /KBr solutions.
Does symptom onset to primary stroke center time goals affect stroke outcome

Background Treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 hours and door-to-needle time of less than 60 minutes may optimize recovery. It is unknown if onset to Primary Stroke Center (PSC) time goals affect outcome. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of symptom onset to PSC time goals on outcome. Methods Analysis included prospectively collected data from the University of California San Diego Specialized Program of Treatment Research in Acute Stroke. All AIS patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator were included if treated within 270 minutes, and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was known. Primary outcome of the 90-day mRS was analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Good outcome was defined as a 90-day mRS score of 0-2. Variables assessed were time from onset to arrival, stroke code, neurologic exam, imaging, laboratories, treatment decision, and treatment (by quartiles). Results Two hundred ninety-one patients were included (49.8% female, mean age 70.6 ± 16.1, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 10, SD = 8.5). Good outcome occurred in 45% of patients. Significant baseline differences included HTN ( P ≤ .001), A fib ( P ≤ .001), prestroke mRS ( P P = .011). Comparing good with poor outcome groups: mean onset to arrival was 70.6 min versus 62.5 min ( P = .129) and mean onset to treatment was 140.1 min versus 134.9 min ( P = .118). Controlling for prespecified covariates, no PSC time goals were significant predictors of the 90-day outcome. Conclusions In our Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC), onset to PSC time goals were not significant predictors of the 90-day outcome. Expedited care processes in CSC may compensate for differences in outcome. These results should be validated in a larger cohort and in PSCs versus CSCs.
Using a systems orientation and foundational theory to enhance theory-driven human service program evaluations

Abstract This paper offers a framework for using a systems orientation and “foundational theory” to enhance theory-driven evaluations and logic models. The framework guides the process of identifying and explaining operative relationships and perspectives within human service program systems. Self-Determination Theory exemplifies how a foundational theory can be used to support the framework in a wide range of program evaluations. Two examples illustrate how applications of the framework have improved the evaluators’ abilities to observe and explain program effect. In both exemplars improvements involved addressing and organizing into a single logic model heretofore seemingly disparate evaluation issues regarding valuing (by whose values); the role of organizational and program context; and evaluation anxiety and utilization.
Effects of in situ esterification on the performance of carboxyl functionalized rubber‐modified epoxy film adhesives

Epoxy-based film adhesive formulations were developed with 10 wt % solid carboxyl functional rubber. Due to the high rubber content and resulting viscosity restrictions, the rubber could not be prereacted with the epoxy before hot-melt filming. Therefore, an esterification catalyst was used to perform this reaction in situ before the epoxy curing reactions. The performance of this adhesive system is compared to that of one without the esterification catalyst. A significant difference in the flow characteristics was observed with incorporation of the esterification catalyst, but only small variations in mechanical performance were found.