cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resurgence of methamphetamine related burns and injuries: a follow-up study.

Abstract Purpose Legislation enacted to curb methamphetamine production has only temporarily succeeded. Experiencing a recent increase in burns as a result of the new one-pot method, we compared methamphetamine related burn patients who utilized the previous anhydrous ammonia method of production to current patients who largely used the new one-pot method of production. Basic procedures Patients who were burned as a result of methamphetamine production were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons were made including demographics, length of stay, injury severity score, hospital charges, total body surface area burned, inhalation injury, intubation, ventilator days, toxicology, fluid volumes, surgeries and complications. Main findings Eighteen current study patients (88.9% male) were compared to twenty-nine (86.2% male) previous study patients. The groups were similar in age, pattern of burn injury and intubation. Total body surface area burned, injury severity score, inhalation injuries, and ventilator days were not significantly increased in the current study. Longer length of stay and greater hospital charges were incurred by the current group. Burn surgeries per patient were significantly increased in the current group. Principal conclusions A new one-pot method has emerged despite legislative attempts to curtail methamphetamine production, and burns have also increased. The reason for more extensive burn surgeries in the current METH related burn patients remains enigmatic. Severity of injury and cost to society remain high.
A study of AlCu (1%) sputter deposition parameters on electromigration

This work investigates the impact of deposition parameters on thin film quality of an AlCu/TiW metallization system. A statistically designed experiment was conducted to study aluminum deposition temperature, pressure, power, and underlying dielectric stress. Determination of Median Time to Failure (MTF) by electromigration stress was used to determine the optimum deposition parameters. Data on microstructure, as characterized by TEM and resistivity ratio (RR) measurements made on patterned conductors, are compared to the observed MTF's. Substrate temperature during deposition was found to have the most significant impact on electromigration. No correlation of MTF to RR measurements was observed. The improved EM performance at low temperature is believed to be due to a more uniform distribution and a larger number of (-)-Al/sub 2/Cu precipitates. >
A 4.35Gb/s/pin LPDDR4 I/O interface with multi-VOH level, equalization scheme, and duty-training circuit for mobile applications

A 4.35Gb/s/pin LPDDR4 I/O interface with multi-VOH level, equalization scheme and Duty-Training Circuit (DTC) is presented. A Low Voltage-Swing Terminated Logic (LVSTL) driver using 4-to-1 multiplexer is implemented to the transmitter. A DTC to adjust the CK duty is implemented to the receiver. In addition, a ZQ calibration scheme for Multi-VOH level is also presented. Designed schemes are compatible with the LPDDR4 standard. Power efficiency for the I/O interface is about 2.3mW/Gb/s/pin with 1.1V supply in 2y-nm DRAM process, which is 31% lower than that of LPDDR3.
Production and Actions of the Anandamide Metabolite Prostamide E2 in the Renal Medulla

Medullipin has been proposed to be an antihypertensive lipid hormone released from the renal medulla in response to increased arterial pressure and renal medullary blood flow. Because anandamide (AEA) possesses characteristics of this purported hormone, the present study tested the hypothesis that AEA or one of its metabolites represents medullipin. AEA was demonstrated to be enriched in the kidney medulla compared with cortex. Western blotting and enzymatic analyses of renal cortical and medullary microsomes revealed opposite patterns of enrichment of two AEA-metabolizing enzymes, with fatty acid amide hydrolase higher in the renal cortex and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) higher in the renal medulla. In COX-2 reactions with renal medullary microsomes, prostamide E2, the ethanolamide of prostaglandin E2, was the major product detected. Intramedullarily infused AEA dose-dependently increased urine volume and sodium and potassium excretion (15–60 nmol/kg/min) but had little effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP). The renal excretory effects of AEA were blocked by intravenous infusion of celecoxib (0.1 μg/kg/min), a selective COX-2 inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of a prostamide intermediate. Plasma kinetic analysis revealed longer elimination half-lives for AEA and prostamide E2 compared with prostaglandin E2. Intravenous prostamide E2 reduced MAP and increased renal blood flow (RBF), actions opposite to those of angiotensin II. Coinfusion of prostamide E2 inhibited angiotensin II effects on MAP and RBF. These results suggest that AEA and/or its prostamide metabolites in the renal medulla may represent medullipin and function as a regulator of body fluid and MAP.
petR, located upstream of the fbcFBC operon encoding the cytochrome bc1 complex, is homologous to bacterial response regulators and necessary for photosynthetic and respiratory growth of Rhodobacter capsulatus

Interposon mutagenesis of a region upstream of the petABC(fbcFBC) operon, encoding the ubiquinol: cytochrome c2 oxidoreductase (bc1 complex) of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus revealed the presence of two genes, petP and petR. DNA nucleotide sequence determination of this region indicated that petP and petR are transcribed in the same direction as the petABC(fbcFBC) operon, and are translationally coupled. A silent insertion located in the interoperonal region separating petPR and the petABC(fbcFBC) genes indicated that these clusters have separate promoters. The deduced amino acid sequence of the putative petR gene product is homologous to various bacterial response regulators, especially to those of the OmpR subgroup. Moreover, it was found that PetR mutants are unable to grow on rich or minimal media by either photosynthesis or respiration, demonstrating that these gene products are essential for growth of R. capsulatus.
Voltage-dependent processes in the electroneutral amino acid exchanger ASCT2

Neutral amino acid exchange by the alanine serine cysteine transporter (ASCT)2 was reported to be electroneutral and coupled to the cotransport of one Na+ ion. The cotransported sodium ion carries positive charge. Therefore, it is possible that amino acid exchange is voltage dependent. However, little information is available on the electrical properties of the ASCT2 amino acid transport process. Here, we have used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to determine the details of the amino acid exchange mechanism of ASCT2. The [Na+] dependence of ASCT2-associated currents indicates that the Na+/amino acid stoichiometry is at least 2:1, with at least one sodium ion binding to the amino acid–free apo form of the transporter. When the substrate and two Na+ ions are bound, the valence of the transport domain is +0.81. Consistently, voltage steps applied to ASCT2 in the fully loaded configuration elicit transient currents that decay on a millisecond time scale. Alanine concentration jumps at the extracellular side of the membrane are followed by inwardly directed transient currents, indicative of translocation of net positive charge during exchange. Molecular dynamics simulations are consistent with these results and point to a sequential binding process in which one or two modulatory Na+ ions bind with high affinity to the empty transporter, followed by binding of the amino acid substrate and the subsequent binding of a final Na+ ion. Overall, our results are consistent with voltage-dependent amino acid exchange occurring on a millisecond time scale, the kinetics of which we predict with simulations. Despite some differences, transport mechanism and interaction with Na+ appear to be highly conserved between ASCT2 and the other members of the solute carrier 1 family, which transport acidic amino acids.
A new way with the Consequence Argument, and the fixity of the laws

Boghossian, P. 1997. What the externalist can know a priori. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 97: 161-75. Burge, T. 1982. Other bodies. In Thought and Object: Essays on Intentionality, ed. A. Woodfield. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Evans, G. 1982. The Varieties of Reference, ed. J. McDowell. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McDowell, J. 1977. On the sense and reference of a proper name. Mind 86: 159-85. McDowell, J. 1984. De re senses. In Frege: Tradition and Influence, ed. C. Wright. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Removal of deep extremity implants in children

We have reviewed our experience of the removal of deep extremity orthopaedic implants in children to establish the nature, rate and risk of complications associated with this procedure. A retrospective review was performed of 801 children who had 1223 implants inserted and subsequently removed over a period of 17 years. Bivariate analysis of possible predictors including clinical factors, complications associated with implant insertion and indications for removal and the complications encountered at removal was performed. A logistical regression model was then constructed using those predictors which were significantly associated with surgical complications from the bivariate analyses. Odds ratios estimated in the logistical regression models were converted to risk ratios. The overall rate of complications after removal of the implant was 12.5% (100 complications in 801 patients), with 48 (6.0%) major and 52 (6.5%) minor. Children with a complication after insertion of the initial implant or with a non-elective indication for removal, a neuromuscular disease associated with a seizure disorder or a neuromuscular disease in those unable to walk, had a significantly greater chance of having a major complication after removal of the implant. Children with all four of these predictors were 14.6 times more likely to have a major complication.
The Roles of Testosterone and Alpha-Amylase in Exercise-Induced Sexual Arousal in Women

Introduction Several studies have demonstrated that moderate exercise increases genital response to erotic stimuli in women. The increase in genital arousal could be the result of various changes that can occur in response to exercise including changes in hormone levels, neurotransmitter levels, mood, and autonomic nervous system activity.
Efficient linear and bilinear arrays for matrix triangularisation with partial pivoting

The paper presents two VLSI arrays for implementing Gaussian elimination with partial pivoting. The first is a bilinear array that uses 2n+1 PEs and triangularises an n*n dense matrix in n/sup 2/+n-2 time units. The second array is a switchable linear array. It uses n PEs to triangularise the n*n dense matrix in 2n/sup 2/-2n+1 time units. Both arrays use strictly local communications and employ simple processing elements (PEs). An optional buffer array can supplement either array to avoid costly inter-iteration I/O. The arrays exhibit an area-time complexity of O(n/sup 3/) which matches the algorithm's time complexity on a uniprocessor. The architectures described are much more efficient than those previously reported by the same authors. >
A Comparison of Basiliximab and Anti-Thymocyte Globluin as Induction Agents After Lung Transplantation

Background Interleukin-2 receptor antagonists have supplanted polyclonal antibody preparations as the most frequently used induction agents after lung transplantation, but the relative efficacy of these agents has not been firmly established. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of basiliximab compared with antithymocyte globulin among 157 adult lung transplant recipients at our center. Results At 3, 6, and 12 months after transplantation, the median cumulative acute rejection A scores for the basiliximab group (2, 2, and 3, respectively) were significantly higher than those for the anti-thymocyte globulin group (1, 1, and 2, respectively; p = 0.003, 0.004, and 0.033, respectively). In addition, basiliximab recipients were more likely to develop acute rejection grade ≥ A2 than anti-thymocyte globulin recipients; in fact, 60% of basiliximab recipients compared with 38% of anti-thymocyte globulin recipients developed their first episode of acute rejection grade ≥ A2 in the first 100 days after transplantation (log-rank p = 0.04). Furthermore, basiliximab recipients were more likely to develop bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome than anti-thymocyte globulin recipients (log-rank p = 0.036). Two years after transplantation, 36% of basiliximab recipients and 26% of anti-thymocyte globulin recipients developed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. However, there were no significant differences in the incidences of cytomegalovirus viremia and pneumonitis between the 2 groups ( p = 0.86 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusions Induction with anti-thymocyte globulin is associated with a lower burden of acute rejection and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome compared with basiliximab, without a significant difference in the incidence of cytomegalovirus infections.
The oxygen fugacity of olivine-phyric martian basalts and the components within the mantle and crust of Mars

The oxygen fugacity of olivine-phyric martian basalts is estimated using olivine-pyroxene- spinel equilibria, supported by detailed petrography. Results are plotted, along with previous oxygen fugacity estimates, against La/Yb, which is used as a proxy for long-term incompatible-element depletion or enrichment in martian basalt reservoirs. In general, the correlation between oxygen fugacity and La/Yb observed by Herd et al. (2002a) holds for the olivine-phyric basalts. The implications of the correlation are re-evaluated in light of work by Borg et al. (Forthcoming), which indicates that the variations in radiogenic isotopic composition can be modeled by mixing of mantle sources established by 4.5 Ga through crystallization of a magma ocean in lieu of assimilation of crustal material. The results demonstrate that the crust-like component, interpreted as trapped liquid in a magma ocean cumulate pile, must be oxidized to explain the oxygen fugacity of the martian basalts. Consequently, the pre-eruptive water contents of the more oxidized basalts are expected to be higher, although water is not called upon as the cause of the oxidation. Unmixing of mantle components provides an important context for the interpretation of oxygen isotopes, demonstrated here, and of samples returned from the martian surface.
Peyronie’s disease: current therapy

Peyronie’s disease is a connective tissue disorder affecting the tunica albuginea of the penis, causing a myriad of problems including penile pain, erectile dysfunction, penile deformity, and difficulty in performing coitus. Francois de la Peyronie first described this in 1743 while he was the surgeon for Louis XIV of France. Although the exact prevalence is unknown, it is relatively common with varying data quoting a prevalence of about 3.2-8.9% with more than 75% of cases occurring in men between 45 and 65 years of age. The incidence of PD following radical prostatectomy is reported to be as high as 15.9% and a recent study showed that penile curvature is a common finding (38.6%) at IPP implantation surgery for ED after prostate cancer treatment (1).
Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis in Pregnancy

Management of women who require dialysis during pregnancy is an unusual and challenging clinical problem for both the nephrologist and the obstetrician. More than 200 pregnancies have been reported in women requiring hemodialysis, and more than 50 pregnancies in women on peritoneal dialysis. Surveys from several countries of pregnancy in dialysis patients provide data regarding management and outcomes. Conception rates are significantly lower in women on dialysis, and when these women do become pregnant, the spontaneous abortion rate usually exceeds 40%. However, in the pregnancies that continue, as many as 71% result in surviving infants. Pregnant women require longer, more intense hemodialysis, and enough experience has been reported to support the use of peritoneal dialysis as well as hemodialysis during pregnancy. The patients typically experience anemia, hypertension, and premature delivery. Most infants are small for gestational age, and the stillbirth rate is as high as 12%. While the potential problems are many, sufficient data has been accumulated to provide clinicians with guidelines to help them manage pregnant women on dialysis and to achieve successful outcomes.
Depression, antidepressant use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk

Background: Whether depression and antidepressant (AD) use might influence breast cancer risk is unclear, and these exposures have not been evaluated together in a single, prospective cohort study of breast cancer risk. Methods: Among 71,439 postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI-OS), we estimated multivariable-adjusted HRs for the independent and joint effects of depressive symptoms and AD use on breast cancer risk using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: When analyzed separately, neither depressive symptoms nor AD use at baseline were associated with a significantly increased risk of total breast cancer (HR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.85–1.08; HR = 1.04, 95% CI, 0.92–1.20, respectively) or invasive breast cancer (HR = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.86–1.12; HR = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.86–1.16, respectively). Current AD use was associated with a borderline-significant increase of in situ breast cancer (HR = 1.30, 95% CI, 0.99–1.75) after adjustment for depressive symptoms; however, this relationship was attenuated after adjustment for mammographic screening (HR = 1.08, 95% CI, 0.76–1.51). No significant variation in total breast cancer risk was observed when the separate and joint effects of depressive symptoms and AD use were explored ( P for interaction = 0.14). Conclusion: We found no evidence that either depression or AD use influences breast cancer risk. An elevated risk of in situ disease among AD users could not be ruled out, though is likely due to increased screening in this subgroup. Impact: Given the high prevalence of these exposures, these results may provide reassurance to the millions of women who are depressed and/or use ADs each year. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 158–64. ©2015 AACR .
Abstract 19638: Short-Axis Echocardiographic Imaging of the Ascending Aorta is More Accurate than Long-Axis Imaging when Compared to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography

Introduction: Parasternal long-axis echo imaging often underestimates aortic dimensions when compared to CT or MRI. More accurate and reproducible echo methods for determining aortic size would benefit care and reduce cost. We compared novel short-axis aortic echo images to standard long-axis and CT or MRI measurements. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cardiac CT/MRI performed in the setting of aortic dilation at Arkansas Children’s Hospital from September 2002 to September 2013. All CT/MRI exams with echocardiograms performed within 3 months were included. One blinded observer reviewed all CT/MRI studies, and measured lateral and anteroposterior dimensions of the aortic sinus (AoS), sinotubular junction (STJ), and ascending aorta (AsAo). Echo measurements were made by 3 independent, blinded observers, and included AoS, STJ, and AsAo in standard long-axis views, as well as novel short-axis measurements: anteroposterior sinus length; maximal left to non-coronary sinus length; and lengths from center right to left coronary sinus or non-coronary sinus. Short-axis anteroposterior and lateral measurements were made of the AsAo at the level of the right pulmonary artery from a high left-parasternal view. All echo measurements were compared to CT/MRI. Pearson product-moment correlation based on Fisher’s transformation was determined for each measure compared to CT/MRI. Results: Fifty MRIs, 17 CTs, and 62 echocardiograms were identified and reviewed. Adequate imaging for long-axis aortic assessment was present in 48/62 (77%) echocardiograms, and 42/62 (68%) had adequate short-axis images. Fifty-three subjects median age 34.7 years met inclusion criteria. Long-axis measurements correlated well with CT/MRI for AoS (r=0.811), but poorly for AsAo (r=0.094). Short-axis measurements correlated equally well with CT/MRI for AoS (r=0.832), and AsAo (r=0.790). Conclusions: Parasternal short-axis echo measurements of the aorta are more accurate than conventional parasternal long-axis measurements when compared to CT/MRI. This simple and reproducible technique should be used routinely for echocardiographic evaluation of the aorta.
Toward the design of high voltage magnesium–lithium hybrid batteries using dual-salt electrolytes

We report a design of high voltage magnesium-lithium (Mg-Li) hybrid batteries through rational control of the electrolyte chemistry, electrode materials and cell architecture. Prototype devices with a structure of Mg-Li/LiFePO4 (LFP) and Mg-Li/LiMn2O4 (LMO) have been investigated. A Mg-Li/LFP cell using a dual-salt electrolyte 0.2 M [Mg2Cl2(DME)4][AlCl4]2 and 1.0 M LiTFSI exhibits voltages higher than 2.5 V (vs. Mg) and a high specific energy density of 246 W h kg(-1) under conditions that are amenable for practical applications. The successful demonstrations reported here could be a significant step forward for practical hybrid batteries.
Microwave Imaging Reflectometry for the study of Edge Harmonic Oscillations on DIII-D

Quiescent H-mode (QH-mode) is an ELM free mode of operation in which edge-localized harmonic oscillations (EHOs) are believed to enhance particle transport, thereby stabilizing ELMs and preventing damage to the divertor and plasma facing components. Microwave Imaging Reflectometer (MIR) enabling direct comparison between the measured and simulated 2D images of density fluctuations near the edge can determine the 2D structure of density oscillation, which can help to explain the physics behind EHO modes. MIR data sometimes indicate a counter-propagation between dominant (n=1) and higher harmonic modes of coherent EHOs in the steep gradient regions of the pedestal. To preclude diagnostic artifacts, we have performed forward modeling that includes possible optical mis-alignments to show that offsets between transmitting and receiving antennas do not account for this feature. We have also simulated the non-linear structure of the EHO modes, which induces multiple harmonics that are properly charaterized in the synthetic diagnostic. By excluding mis-alignments of optics as well as patially eliminating non-linearity of EHO mode structure as possible explanation for the data, counter-propagation observed in MIR data, which is not corroborated by external Mirnov coil array measurements, may be due to subtleties of the eigenmode structure, such as an inversion radius consistent with a magnetic island. Similar effects are observed in analysis of internal ECE-Imaging and BES data. The identification of a non-ideal structure motivates further exploration of nonlinear models of this instability. A shorter version of this contribution is due to be published in PoS at: 1st EPS conference on Plasma Diagnostics
Enantioselective Optical Trapping of Chiral Nanoparticles with Plasmonic Tweezers

Enantiomer separation is a critical step in many chemical syntheses, particularly for pharmaceuticals, but prevailing chemical methods remain inefficient. Here, we introduce an optical technique to sort chiral specimens using coaxial plasmonic apertures. These apertures are composed of a deeply subwavelength silica channel embedded in silver and can stably trap sub-20 nm dielectric nanoparticles. Using both full-field simulations and analytic calculations, we show that selective trapping of enantiomers can be achieved with circularly polarized illumination. Opposite enantiomers experience distinct trapping forces in both sign and magnitude: one is trapped in a deep potential well, while the other is repelled with a potential barrier. These potentials maintain opposite signs across a range of chiral polarizabilities and enantiomer–aperture separations. Our theory indicates that the interaction of chiral light and chiral specimens can be mediated by achiral plasmonic apertures, providing a possible route to...
Clinical outcome and molecular characterization of patients receiving systemic therapy for metastatic sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma.

e15084 Background: Sarcomatoid metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) represents an aggressive subset of disease, and a definitive therapeutic strategy is lacking. Methods: From an institutional da...
Effort in college undergraduates is sufficient on the word memory test.

A prior report found unusually high rates of performance validity test (PVT) failure in undergraduate research participants (31%–56%). The present study examined 110 undergraduate volunteers in three conditions (positive, neutral, or negative demand characteristics) in either an easy to hard or a hard to easy progression of neuropsychological tests using the Word Memory Test PVT. Neither demand characteristics nor test order had a substantial effect on test performance, and only a 6.4% failure rate was found on the PVT. These results suggest that neuropsychological testing experiments are completed faithfully by the vast majority of college undergraduates, although excluding the small number of participants failing PVTs would strengthen the internal validity of most studies.
Mutual forbearance among multimarket firms: A behavioral approach to tacit cooperation

Emerging empirical evidence has noted that multimarket firms may not always behave in ways that are consistent with their multimarket positions. Assuming multimarket ties between firms exists that are sufficient to permit tacit agreement among them to refrain from aggressive competition, we describe how additional factors are likely to affect the decision of managers of multimarket firms to abide by such an agreement. In particular, we focus on factors that are likely to make the negative consequences of violating a tacit agreement of mutual forbearance more salient and those that encourage managers to direct their firms to behave in more cooperative ways.
Toward personalized guidance in interactive narratives.

A drama manager is an omniscient agent responsible for guiding players through the story space and delivering an enjoyable experience to the players. Most drama managers only consider the designer’s intent. We present a drama manager that can provide personalized guidance while giving players the appearance of full agency. Our system is evaluated on an interactive storytelling game built with ChooseYour-Own-Adventure (CYOA) stories. The human study results show that our drama manager can significantly increase the likelihood that players make choices that lead toward intended story plot points.
RAPD Marker Diversity among Creeping Bentgrass Clones

Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is currently one of the most desirable grasses for golf courses in temperate regions. Old golf courses often have populations of creeping bentgrass clones that have persisted for many years, possibly surviving since the original construction. Over time, environmental stresses and diseases may cause shifts in the genetic composition of bentgrass populations as natural selection occurs. The objective of this study was to conduct a survey of RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) marker diversity within a population of 110 creeping bentgrass clones. The clones were collected from putting greens or fairways of 17 golf courses that were at least 75 yr old. Thirteen RAPD primers resulted in 99 polymorphic bands. Two multidimensional scales varied among golf courses for fairway-collected clones. Much of this variation was attributed to presettlement historic vegetation (northern coniferous, hardwood-prairie, or transition). The most unique population of creeping bentgrass clones was collected on the visually unique fairways at the Marshfield Country Club, containing the greatest diversity of perennial grass species. Clones collected from putting greens were not differentiated by golf courses, suggesting that the putting green environment was sufficiently homogeneous across golf courses that its impact on natural selection was largely uniform.
Computational Prediction of Lipid Binding Profiles for Sec14-Like Domains

Sec14 is a phosphatidylinositol (PI) transfer protein that functions in transport from the Golgi apparatus and regulation of lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This protein is the namesake of the Sec14 family of proteins that includes relatives in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms. Structural models of the Sec14 lipid binding domain predicted it would have increased selectivity for particular phosphorylated PI derivatives, such as PI5P. Lipid binding assays for Sec14 confirmed this previously unreported preference, which has also been observed for the homologous Sec14 protein Patellin from Arabidopsis thaliana. We also have extended our computational modeling to Sec14 proteins from the moss Physcomitrella patens in order to predict their lipid binding profiles. Ongoing work is aimed at experimentally confirming these computational predictions. A robust computational model for Sec14 lipid binding would simplify functional predictions, providing insight into the physiological function for these proteins.
The Effect of Altered Loading on Mandibular Condylar Cartilage

Objective The purpose of this study was to delineate the cellular, mechanical and morphometric effects of altered loading on the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone. We hypothesized that altered loading will induce differentiation of cells by accelerating the lineage progression of the MCC.
Appetitive and Aversive Systems in the Amygdala

The amygdala has been traditionally considered to process information about aversive stimuli, but it is now recognized to mediate emotional behaviors elicited by stimuli of both valences. Electrophysiological studies have shown that the amygdala contains distinct appetitive and aversive networks of neurons. The development of new molecular tools for interrogating neural circuit function has rapidly advanced our understanding of these networks. Selective activation of appetitive or aversive amygdalar networks can elicit innate valence-specific autonomic responses, and can induce Pavlovian and operant learning. An important goal for scientific inquiry is to understand the functional role of the bidirectional interactions between appetitive and aversive systems in the amygdala and networks in the cerebral cortex that implement cognitive functions; the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders probably involves dysfunctional interactions between these cognitive and emotional systems. Studies have begun to describe how activity in appetitive and aversive systems is updated by cognitive operations, and how such activity may also influence cognitive functions like attention.
The Influence of Al Content and Thickness on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties in High-Pressure Die Cast Magnesium Alloys

The influence of Al content and section thickness on the microstructural features and tensile properties of high-pressure die cast AM series magnesium alloys is quantified in order to better understand the relationship between microstructure and tensile properties. It is found that with increasing aluminum content, the yield strength increases and the ductility decreases. Increasing the plate thickness results in a decrease in both the yield strength and ductility. The grain size, β-Mg17Al12 phase volume fraction, and solute content are all quantified through the thickness of the plates. It is found that the plates have a skin with increased hardness, due to a fine grain structure. The primary factors affecting strengthening in these alloys, including microstructural variations through the thickness, are accounted for using a linear superposition model. We conclude that yield strength is dominated by grain boundary strengthening and solid solution strengthening effects. The through-thickness grain size and solute concentration were quantified and these variations were found to play an important role in controlling the yield strength of these alloys.
Energetics of Sheath Contraction in Contractile Injection Systems

The process of protein and DNA translocation across lipid membranes is central to the function of any organism. A large class of large multicomponent organelles, such as bacteriophage tails, Type VI Secretion System, R-type pyocins, Serratia antifeeding prophage, and others, translocate their substrates using a rigid tube/contractile sheath mechanism. Functionally and structurally, these ‘contractile injection systems’ resemble a stretched spring (or sheath) wound around a non-contractile tube. The system is locked in a high-energy metastable state by a baseplate structure that plays an important role in sheath assembly and contraction triggering. Upon interaction of the baseplate with a target cell membrane, the sheath contracts and drives the tube through the cell envelope. A full atomic model of the sheath and tube in the extended and contracted state is available for R-type pyocin, one of the simplest representatives of contractile injection systems. The structure suggests that the contraction is accomplished by rigid body rearrangement of sheath subunits and that the transformation is driven by the energy stored in the extended conformation of the sheath during assembly. Other data show that the contraction starts at the baseplate and propagates through the sheath as a wave. The individual subunits’ trajectories are however unknown. We will discuss how we can derive these trajectories from energetics considerations. These finding are important for understanding the substrates that can be translocated by contractile injection systems.
Green alga cultivation with monoethanolamine: Evaluation of CO2 fixation and macromolecule production

Abstract This study aimed to assess the growth of Chlorella strains isolated from adverse environments at various concentrations of monoethanolamine (MEA), evaluating the CO2 fixation and macromolecule production. For this purpose, the green algae Chlorella sp. and Chlorella fusca LEB 111 were tested against five concentrations of MEA: 50, 75, 100, 200 and 300 mg L−1. The strain C. fusca LEB 111 exhibited higher tolerance to MEA as well as higher accumulation of dissolved inorganic carbon and efficiency of CO2 utilization (approximately 37.0% w w−1) with the addition of 100 and 150 mg L−1 of MEA. In addition, the highest carbohydrate productivity and the highest lipid productivity were obtained with 50 and 100 mg L−1 of MEA, respectively. Thus, the absorbent increased the carbon concentration in the medium, and its use in culture can be exploited by C. fusca LEB 111 to produce higher macromolecule concentrations.
Depressive Symptoms and Engagement in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care Following Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation

Background The effect of depressive symptoms on progression through the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment cascade is poorly characterized. Methods We included participants from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems cohort who were antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive, had at least 1 viral load and HIV appointment measure after ART initiation, and a depressive symptom measure within 6 months of ART initiation. Recent depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and categorized using a validated cut point (PHQ-9 ≥10). We followed participants from ART initiation through the first of the following events: loss to follow-up (>12 months with no HIV appointment), death, administrative censoring (2011-2014), or 5 years of follow-up. We used log binomial models with generalized estimating equations to estimate associations between recent depressive symptoms and having a detectable viral load (≥75 copies/mL) or missing an HIV visit over time. Results We included 1057 HIV-infected adults who contributed 2424 person-years. At ART initiation, 30% of participants reported depressive symptoms. In multivariable analysis, recent depressive symptoms increased the risk of having a detectable viral load (risk ratio [RR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07, 1.53) over time. The association between depressive symptoms and missing an HIV visit (RR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.05, 1.36) moved to the null after adjustment for preexisting mental health conditions (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.85, 1.18). Conclusions Recent depressive symptoms are a risk factor for unsuppressed viral load, while preexisting mental health conditions may influence HIV appointment adherence.
Which PCL-R Scores Best Predict Forensic Clinicians’ Opinions of Offender Risk?:

The Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) is widely used in assessments of violence risk and sexual recidivism risk. Research consistently reveals Factor 2 (Lifestyle/Antisocial Behavior) scores ar...
Virtual water transfers of the US electric grid

Water is consumed in the generation of electricity and then transmitted, virtually, across the electric grid, creating a network of water transfers. Virtual water transfers of electricity are an understudied area of the energy–water nexus, with important policy and conservation considerations. Here we analyse the virtual water flows of the US electric grid and the changes in network structure from 2010 to 2016 using electricity transfers between power control areas and power-plant-level water for electricity. Transfers of blue water were 9.21 km3 in 2010 and 11.21 km3 in 2016. Transfers of grey water were 50.18 km3 in 2010 compared to 71.64 km3 in 2016. The change in blue water transfers are despite national trends of lower freshwater demands of thermoelectric power generation. We provide a mapping of virtual water transfers through the US electric grid over time, including blue and grey water, and network analysis of the system. Understanding the water–energy nexus requires a detailed picture of how the two resources are linked. Towards this end, Chini et al. combine concepts of virtual water transfers with water-usage data for electricity generation to visualize and analyse the virtual water transfers for the US electricity grid from 2010–2016.
Are You Ready for Your Close-Up? Creating a Library Promotional Video

ABSTRACTLearn how to create a promotional library video for your library using the multimedia software Camtasia. Challenges and lessons learned are explored by detailing one reference librarian’s e...
The impact of interpersonal early life trauma on cardio-metabolic health in post-9/11 veterans.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the impact of early life trauma (ELT) on cardio-metabolic health in veterans from post-9/11 conflicts who experience significant stress from deployment and reintegration. METHOD Three hundred thirty-seven veterans from the Translational Research Center for Traumatic Brain Injury and Stress Disorders study underwent physiological assessments, including blood pressure and waist circumference. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure metabolic syndrome (MetS; cholesterol/triglycerides/glucose). ELT history was determined using the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Logistic regression models examined the association of ELT and MetS diagnostic criteria while controlling for confounders. RESULTS The adjusted logistic regression showed a significant relationship between interpersonal ELT (IP ELT) and risk of MetS, with IP ELT having an approximately 3-fold increase in the risk of cardio- metabolic syndrome compared with those with no trauma (odds ratio [OR] = 3.06, p < .05). IP ELT was associated with over a 2-fold increased risk of elevated triglycerides compared with those with no trauma (OR = 2.06, p < .05). PTSD symptoms also explained in part the IP-ELT/MetS relationship. Veterans with any ELT were significantly more likely to meet for a current diagnosis of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that veterans with IP ELT are more likely to meet MetS and PTSD diagnostic criteria than veterans without IP ELT. This is concerning considering the young age of the sample and stresses the importance of an integrated and holistic approach in the assessment of physical and mental health in returning veterans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
The creative class gets political: Gentrifier politics in small city America

ABSTRACTGentrification is one among many issues in small cities that urban research has yet to adequately address. As many large cities are becoming unaffordable for even the middle class, some of ...
Über die Störung einer Weinsäurebestimmungsmethode bei Anwesenheit von Metaweinsäure

Es wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Einflus von Metaweinsaure, die im Ausland dem Wein zur Verhutung des Weinsteinausfalles zugesetzt wird, auf die Weinsaurebestimmung nach dem amtlichen Verfahren untersucht. Dabei wurde festgestellt, das Metaweinsaure nicht nur die Weinsteinausscheidung in Most und Wein allgemein verzogert, sondern auch im Verlauf des Analysenganges die Abscheidung des Weinsteins mit Kaliumchlorid, Eisessig und Kaliumacetat. Es kann also in mit Metaweinsaure versetzten Weinen die tatsachlich vorhandene Weinsaure nicht vollstandig wiedergefunden werden.
Dorsal Wrist Extrinsic Carpal Ligament Injury Exacerbates Volar Radiocarpal Instability After Intra-Articular Distal Radius Fracture.

Background Volar radiocarpal instability is often seen after loss of fixation of volar lunate facet fragments. The pathogenesis of post-traumatic volar radiocarpal instability is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if injury to the dorsal wrist extrinsic carpal ligaments contributes to volar radiocarpal instability. Methods Six matched pairs of cadaveric upper extremities were tested using a dynamic hand testing system. In group 1, the intact wrist, the wrist with a volar lunate facet fracture, and the fractured wrist after 500 cycles of grip were tested. In group 2, in addition to the intact and fractured wrist, the fractured wrist with the dorsal extrinsic carpal ligaments cut and the fractured wrist with the dorsal extrinsic carpal ligaments cut after 500 cycles of grip were also tested. Volar-dorsal displacement of the lunate was measured from 45° wrist flexion to 45° wrist extension in 22.5° increments with the wrist flexors/extensors loaded for each condition. Results Volar lunate translation did not significantly increase after the volar lunate facet fracture alone, and was not evident to a significant extent until the dorsal wrist extrinsic carpal ligaments were cut. Further instability of the lunate occurred after grip cycling only with the dorsal extrinsic capsular ligaments cut. Conclusions Injury to the dorsal wrist extrinsic carpal ligaments exacerbates volar radiocarpal instability. Unrecognized dorsal sided injury may be a contributing factor to why stable fixation of volar lunate facet fragments remains problematic after volar plating of intra-articular distal radius fractures with displaced volar lunate facet fragments.
The Guilty Eye: Unauthorized Access, Trespass and Privacy

Statutes forbidding unauthorized access to computers have become a mainstay of the legal protections governing networked computer systems, both in the United States and throughout the world. Courts have interpreted the concept of unauthorized access in the light of the common law of trespass, taking its meaning beyond the simple idea of computer hacking, and using it to protect computer-based information in general. This process has been very controversial; it is perceived to be creating a new property right in electronic information. This article contends that the debate about the so-called new property in electronic information has overlooked the flexibility in common law trespass, which maintains a natural balance between over-protection and under-protection of any given resource. While the writ of trespass has traditionally protected property and privacy rights, resource users who conform to objective standards of reasonableness have rarely been held liable for trespass. The balance inherent in common law trespass is illustrated by the famous two-part reasonable expectation of privacy test, used to decide Fourth Amendment search and seizure cases. This article proposes a similar test should be used when deciding computer trespass cases, formulated as follows: First, the access must take place without the (subjective) permission of the rights-holder. Second, the access objected to must be of a kind that a reasonable person (objectively) would expect to be unauthorized. Use of this test allows for a doctrine of computer trespass which protects property and privacy interests in electronic information, while still being flexible and dynamic enough to permit the free flow of ideas and information in open computer networks like the internet.
Effects of Street Harassment on Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality of College Women

The goal of the present study was to treat street harassment as a public health issue akin to sexual harassment in terms of its negative effects. Anxiety and depression were hypothesized to be mediators of the effect of street harassment on sleep quality. Fully 252 female undergraduate students at a large U.S. Northeastern university were surveyed. Findings indicated that street harassment was positively related to anxiety and depression as well as negatively related to sleep quality. Mediation analyses indicated that both anxiety and depression mediated the relationship between street harassment and sleep quality. Implications for health interventions are discussed, such as the need to address street harassment experiences in college women when creating interventions aimed at reducing anxiety and depression and at improving sleep quality.
Health literacy enhanced intervention for inner-city African Americans with uncontrolled diabetes: A pilot study

Disparities in diagnosis and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus are most evident in African Americans (AAs) with lower socioeconomic status. Health literacy is an important predictor of adequate self-management and control of diabetes. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a health literacy-enhanced diabetes intervention, PLAN 4 Success (Prevention through Lifestyle intervention And Numeracy)-Diabetes, in inner-city, low-income AAs with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Nineteen of 30 participants who completed the baseline survey received the study intervention which consisted of 4-week health literacy training and disease knowledge education followed by two home visits and monthly phone counseling for over 24 weeks. A retention rate of 58% was achieved at 24 weeks. All participants who completed the follow-up assessment at 24 weeks reported high satisfaction with the intervention. Participation in the PLAN 4 Success-Diabetes was associated with improved glucose control and psychological outcomes at 12 weeks but the positive trend was attenuated at 24 weeks. The current intervention protocols were in general feasible and highly acceptable. The results support health literacy training as a promising component of interventions to promote glucose control among inner-city AAs. Some changes are suggested to optimize the protocols, before conducting a randomized controlled trial. Future interventions should consider addressing social determinants of health such as transportation as part of designing an intervention targeting low-income AAs with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03925948 . Registered on 24 April 2019—retrospectively registered.
Improving the Mathematics Performance of Second-Grade Students with Mathematics Difficulties through an Early Numeracy Intervention.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an early numeracy Tier 2 intervention on the mathematics performance of second-grade students with persistent mathematics difficulties. Who...