cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on Health Promotion Model in Rural Area

[Objective] To study the application of the "Three Four Five" health promotion model (Three-multiple means working frame was constructed by multi-participation, multi-investment and various forms. Four-existence means characteristic management service, which included free physical examination, individuation intervention, typical promotion and overall popularization. Five combination is the combination of new rural construction, new rural cooperative medical system, capacity building of rural health education staff, control and prevention of serious diseases in rural area and establishment of traditional Chinese medicine demonstration county) in rural residents.[Methods]The questionnaire and medical examination were performed among 6676 rural residents, individual intervention prescription of health promotion was put forward after establishing health files, and implementation situation was supervised by follow-up.[Results]After intervention, the awareness rate of health knowledge among peasants increased significantly (P0.05), unhealthy life style was improved significantly (P0.05), and the compliance of management for hypertension and diabetes increased significantly (P0.05).[Conclusion]The "Three Four Five" health promotion model has a significant effect on the health improvement of rural residents, and it is worth popularizing.
The Role of Unresolved Clouds on Short-Range Global Horizontal Irradiance Predictability

AbstractThe shortwave radiative impacts of unresolved cumulus clouds are investigated using 6-h ensemble simulations performed with the WRF-Solar Model and high-quality observations over the contiguous United States for a 1-yr period. The ensembles use the stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS) to account for implicit model uncertainty. Results indicate that parameterizing the radiative effects of both deep and shallow cumulus clouds is necessary to largely reduce (55%) a systematic overprediction of the global horizontal irradiance. Accounting for the model’s effective resolution is necessary to mitigate the underdispersive nature of the ensemble and provide meaningful quantification of the short-range prediction uncertainties.
WE‐H‐BRB‐02: Where Do We Stand in the Applications of Big Data in Radiation Oncology?

Big Data in Radiation Oncology: (1) Overview of the NIH 2015 Big Data Workshop, (2) Where do we stand in the applications of big data in radiation oncology?, and (3) Learning Health Systems for Radiation Oncology: Needs and Challenges for Future Success The overriding goal of this trio panel of presentations is to improve awareness of the wide ranging opportunities for big data impact on patient quality care and enhancing potential for research and collaboration opportunities with NIH and a host of new big data initiatives. This presentation will also summarize the Big Data workshop that was held at the NIH Campus on August 13–14, 2015 and sponsored by AAPM, ASTRO, and NIH. The workshop included discussion of current Big Data cancer registry initiatives, safety and incident reporting systems, and other strategies that will have the greatest impact on radiation oncology research, quality assurance, safety, and outcomes analysis. Learning Objectives: 1.To discuss current and future sources of big data for use in radiation oncology research 2.To optimize our current data collection by adopting new strategies from outside radiation oncology 3.To determine what new knowledge big data can provide for clinical decision support for personalized medicine L. Xing, NIH/NCI Google Inc.
CFD analysis of pressure pulsation in screw compressors – Combine theory with practice

The increasing importance of environmental protection and occupational health and safety takes the noise of screw compressors in the center of attention. The reduction of these noise emissions accordingly influences the requirements in design and construction of screw compressors. A major part of the noise source can be described by the gas dynamics of the working fluid in the discharge area and pipes connected to the screw compressor.
Proposed Update of DOJ/FTC IP Licensing Guidelines

The draft Guidelines are a welcome update after twenty-one years. The updated Guidelines should:1. Clarify prior positions taken by agencies;2. Include a more comprehensive body of relevant case law; 3. Include Actavis’ holding on patent scope; 4. Discuss Kimble in its correct context or omit it from Footnote 88;5. Use the Guidelines strategically to shape norms and guide the courts.
The English Sabbath: The case for a reappraisal

Sometimes it would seem that we regard Protestantism as a Thing, a fixed and definite object that came into existence in 1517 … as though Protestantism itself had no antecedents, as though it were a fallacy to go behind the great water-shed, as though indeed it would blunt the edge of our story to admit the working of a process instead of assuming the interposition of some direct agency. The Whig Interpretation of History , Herbert Butterfield From the publication of Thomas Fuller's Church History of Britain in 1655 to the present, studies of Sabbatarianism have treated this doctrine as an important and controversial issue in the post-Reformation period. These studies portray Sabbatarianism as a puritan innovation, which that party introduced in an effort to reform the Church from below, having failed to convert the English Church to presbyterianism. This doctrinal ‘novelty’ is thought to have created a division between Church authorities and puritans by the end of Elizabeth's reign. By denying the importance of ancient or medieval precedents for ‘puritan’ Sabbatarianism and highlighting selected events in the Elizabethan and early Stuart period, these studies have provided a convincing account of ‘puritan’ doctrinal innovation and agitation for sabbatarian reforms. When the outlines of these studies are compared, one cannot help noting that they draw their points of reference from the Laudian partisan, Peter Heylyn, in his History of the Sabbath , published in 1636. However, this Laudian summary of Sabbatarian developments in Elizabethan and Stuart England does not take into account much evidence that suggests a very different story.
Are behaviors at one alternative in concurrent schedules independent of contingencies at the other alternative

Some have reported changing the schedule at one alternative of a concurrent schedule changed responding at the other alternative (Catania, 1969), which seems odd because no contingencies were changed there. When concurrent schedules are programmed using two schedules, one associated with each alternative that operate continuously, changing the schedule at one alternative also changes the switch schedule at the other alternative. Thus, changes in responding at the constant alternative could be due to the change in the switch schedule. To assess this possibility, six rats were exposed to a series of conditions that alternated between pairs of interval schedules at both alternatives and a pair of interval schedules at one, constant, alternative and a pair of extinction schedules at the other alternative. Comparing run lengths, visit durations and response rates at the constant alternative in the alternating conditions did not show consistent increases and decreases when a strict criterion for changes was used. Using a less stringent definition (any change in mean values) showed changes. The stay/switch analysis suggests it may be inaccurate to apply behavioral contrast to procedures that change from concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedules to concurrent variable-interval extinction schedules because the contingencies in neither alternative are constant.
A unified selective harmonic compensation strategy using DG-interfacing inverter in both grid-connected and islanded microgrid

This paper presents a unified selective harmonic compensation strategy using DG-interfacing inverter with LCL filter in the presence of nonlinear local loads for both grid-connected and islanded microgrid. Compared with the existing harmonic compensation methods in the literature, the proposed strategy consists of a triple-control-loop in the grid-connected mode to compensate the grid current harmonics and a double-control-loop in the islanded mode to compensate the supply voltage harmonics at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). Moreover, the triple-loop can be transferred to double-loop seamlessly without additional mode selection algorithm when mode transfer is needed. Furthermore, a unified nonlinear load current harmonics detection algorithm based on second-order general integrator (SOGI) is employed to generate both inverter line current harmonics reference and filter capacitor voltage harmonics reference at the same time. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the strategy.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates daily rhythms of nearly all physiological and behavioral processes. Pacemaker activity in the SCN arises from the synchronized activity of multiple single-cell circadian oscillators that are regulated at the molecular level, generating a near 24-h rhythm that is synchronized to the environmental light/dark cycle by light and nonphotic stimuli. The SCN primarily communicates rhythmic information to other brain regions and peripheral tissues via projections to other hypothalamic regions involved in the regulation of physiology and behavior, including sleep and wakefulness, autonomic function, cognition, metabolism, and pineal melatonin secretion.
Home Literacy Environment and Shared Reading in the Newborn Period.

: In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics and Reach Out and Read formally emphasized counseling families on shared reading starting at birth. However, little data exist on the home reading practices and environments of newborn infants. Objective To characterize the home reading practices and environments of 2-week-old infants. Methods We distributed writtens self-administered surveys to 223 families seen for 2-week well-child visits. The survey assessed the frequency of shared reading, "favorite activities" with infants (including shared reading), number of books in the home, and sources of reading information. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were computed to assess the frequency of primary outcomes and sociodemographic associations. Results At the 2-week well-child visit, 57.7% of families had not yet started reading with their infants. A minority of families (29.1%) reported shared reading as a favorite activity. Thirty-five percent of families reported having ≤10 books in the home. Non-white race and having lived outside the United States were significantly associated with having ≤10 books in the home. Parents who reported not always enjoying reading were less likely to have started reading to their infant. Conclusion Differences in both book ownership and having initiated shared reading are present from the newborn period. Findings suggest an opportunity for the provision of children's books in early infancy through primary care, particularly for immigrant and minority families. Engaging parents to incorporate language-rich activities, including shared reading, with their infants may be especially important for those who have a history of not being read to or who do not report enjoying reading.
In the Gardens with Ibrahim: An Evaluation of Fī riyāḍ al-tafsīr by Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse, a Contemporary, Traditional Tafsīr

The Senegalese Shaykh Ibrahim Niasse (d. 1975) was the founder of the most popular branch of the Ṭarīqa Tijāniyya, the most popular Ṣūfī order in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, I propose to giv...
A novel low power brain electrical activity monitor using IoT: student research abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) and smartphone technologies have an enormous advantage in solving the problem of neurological patient care. With wireless sensors and smart devices, the real-time physical status of the stress patients can be identified by remote monitoring no matter where they are or what they are doing [1]. Nowadays, it is possible for devices understand neural signals in the brain, infer the state of the brain, and acquire better attention and focus using neurofeedback. The neurons inside the brain communicate electronically and create an electric field, which can be measured from the outside in terms of frequencies. Usually, brain waves are categorized into alpha, beta, gamma, theta, and delta waves depending upon the frequency. Based on the type of wave, it can be inferred whether the brain is calm or wandering in thought. This type of neurofeedback can be obtained in real time and can be used to train the brain to focus, pay better attention towards things, manage an exertional headache (EH) due to stress, and have better mental well-being. Current research has been focused on brain activity monitoring systems, which do not adequately provide information or safety for individuals. The area of physical exertion prediction using IoT is still understudied.
Probability Assignments and the Principle of Indifference. An Examination of Two Eliminative Strategies

The Principle of Indifference (PI) – roughly, the claim that equipossibility entails equiprobability – has long been regarded with suspicion by philosophers and scientists alike. This hostility has a twofold motivation. On one hand, there are the well-known inconsistencies (Bertrand paradoxes) to which the use of the principle leads. On the other, there are some general metaphysical and epistemological worries regarding the principle’s support for the idea that the occurrence of events in the physical world should follow ‘the directives of human ignorance’, as Reichenbach ([1949]/1971, 354) put it. These concerns naturally led philosophers to design strategies to eliminate PI from probabilistic reasoning. In this paper I examine two such strategies and argue that they are not successful. This conclusion, however, should not count so much as an endorsement of PI, but rather as an indication that another approach to explicating its role in probabilistic reasoning is needed.
Marrow cell egress: specificity of the site of penetration into the sinus

Blood cells exit the marrow through the wall of the marrow sinuses. Using quantitative electron microscopy of mouse marrow, we addressed two questions regarding the anatomic process of egress: Do leukocytes and reticulocytes exit at specific sites on the sinus wall or do they exit at random loci. Do leukocytes and reticulocytes in egress use a preformed pore or do they make the pore as they exit. We confirmed that exiting leukocytes and reticulocytes do not pass through intercellular junctions; rather they penetrate endothelial cells. The distance of migrating cells from endothelial cell junctions (1.4 +- 0.1 ..mu..m) was significantly less (p <0.001) than the distance of endothelial cell junctions from points selected randomly along the sinus wall (4.0 +- 0.4 ..mu..m). The initial stage of cell penetration is often associated with thinning and formation of pits in the endothelial cell. A close-fitting migration pore forms and allows passage of the cell to the sinus lumen. The migration pore of leukocytes reaches a maximum diameter as the middle third of the cell is in transit, whereas the migration pore of reticulocytes is maximal as the first third of the cell is in transit. In sinuses with leukocytes in transit, poresmore » unassociated with migrating cells compose only 10%, whereas pores associated with migrating cells compose 90% of the 25 pores/mm of the sinus wall. In sinuses without cells in transit, pore frequency was only 2/mm. Pores without migrating cells were smaller and were sealed by abluminal adventitial cells. They may represent residues of recent transit. These studies provide quantitative support for a preferential migration site for cells at the parajunctional zone of the endothelial cell and support the concept that pores are made at the time of egress.« less
Improved Techniques for the Fusion of Mammalian Cells

As indicated by the title of this symposium “Is Senescence Dominant or Recessive in Somatic Cell Crosses”, cell fusion has become an important technique for the study of the problem of cell senescence. However, despite the widespread use of cell fusion to study cell senescence and many other areas in mammalian cell biology and genetics, the induction of cell fusion has remained a major problem. In some cases, the ability (or inability) to induce fusion has been the limiting factor in experimental programs. The purpose of this paper is to present improvements in the techniques of cell fusion, which improvements could facilitate the types of experiments described in other papers in this symposium.
JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE IN A DEMOCRACY: Reflections on Impeachments in America and the Philippines*

On May 11, 2018, Maria Lourdes Sereno was removed from office as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. She had been a vocal critic of controversial President Rodrigo Duterte, and he had labeled her as an “enemy.” While she was under legislative impeachment investigation, Duterte’s solicitor general filed a quo warranto petition in the Supreme Court to challenge her right to hold office. The Supreme Court responded to that petition by ordering her removal, which her supporters claimed was politically-motivated and possibly unconstitutional. The story of Chief Justice Sereno should give urgency to the need for us to consider the proposition that maintaining the rule of law can be difficult, and that attacks on judicial independence can pose a grave threat to democracy. The article presented here considers the impeachment of Chief Justice David Brock in the American state of New Hampshire in 2000, identifying the most significant institutional causes and consequences of an event that presented a crisis for the judiciary and the state. It offers a case study for the readers of this journal to reflect not only on the removal of Chief Justice Sereno, but also on the kinds of constitutional issues, such as judicial independence, judicial accountability, and separation of powers in any democracy, as arising from in conflicts between the judiciary and another branch of government.
Feeding the disparities: the geography and trends of breastfeeding in the United States

There is scientific consensus on the importance of breastfeeding for the present and future health of newborns, in high- and low-income settings alike. In the United States, improving breast milk access is a public health priority but analysis of secular trends are largely lacking. Here, we used data from the National Immunization Survey of the CDC, collected between 2003 and 2016, to illustrate the temporal trends and the spatial heterogeneity in breastfeeding. We also considered the effect sizes of two key determinants of breastfeeding rates. We show that, while access to breast milk both at birth and at 6 months old has steadily increased over the past decade, large spatial disparities still remain at the state level. We also find that, since 2009, the proportion of households below the poverty level has become the strongest predictor of breastfeeding rates. We argue that, because variations in breastfeeding rates are associated with socio-economic factors, public health policies advocating for breastfeeding are still needed in particular in underserved communities. This is key to reducing longer term health disparities in the U.S., and more generally in high-income countries.
Resiliency of biological soil crusts and vascular plants varies among morphogroups with disturbance intensity

Disturbance affects the ability of organisms to persist on a site, and disturbance history acts as a filter of community composition. This is true for vascular plants and morphological groups of biocrusts, which respond differently to disturbance. Although functioning arid ecosystems include both groups, filtering of morphological groups of biocrusts has not previously been compared simultaneously with the responses of vascular plants. Using a chronosequence approach, cover of vascular plants and biocrusts was examined across chronic disturbance gradients related to invasion by exotic species and grazing by livestock, following the acute disturbance of fire using paired burned and unburned plots in Wyoming big sagebrush on 99 plots. Cover of vascular plants and biocrusts was related to disturbance more so than abiotic factors of precipitation following fire, soil chemistry, percent coarse fragment and heat load index. Over time since fire of 12–23 years, we saw recovery of early successional groups: short mosses, shallow-rooted perennial grasses and annual forbs. Cover of deep and shallow-rooted perennial grasses and annual forbs increased in cover with intermediate levels of disturbance. Perennial forbs lacked a clear relationship with disturbance. Biocrusts decreased in cover with less disturbance when compared with perennial herbaceous plants but differed in sensitivities. Tall mosses were less sensitive to disturbance compared with lichens. Short mosses increased with some disturbance. Morphological groups of biocrusts and vascular plants are eliminated with increasing variability in the size of gaps between perennials represented by the standard deviation of gaps between perennials. The inclusion of both groups in assessments of ecosystem recovery following disturbance addresses the fact that recovery of either group does not happen in isolation from the other but with interacting contributions to ecosystem functions.
An All-Optical Buffer Based on Non-Degenerate Phase-Sensitive Parametric Amplification

The scheme of an optical buffer exploiting phase-sensitive amplification based non-degenerate four-wave mixing is presented and theoretically analyzed. The noise figure of the proposed buffer is analytically and numerically estimated as a function of the number of circulations inside the buffer cavity. Two principal configurations are studied depending on the position of the amplification unit inside the cavity. The analysis is supported by split-step Fourier simulations, which reveal different aspects of the buffer's operation. The performance is also estimated for modulated signals in terms of Q -factor and compared to buffers utilizing phase-insensitive amplification.
Kinetics of reactions of oxygen with the Pd(100) surface: Adsorption, desorption, reconstruction, and oxidation

A metastable c(2x2) structure 1s formed by atomic oxygen on Pd(lOO) under conditions of slow diffusion combined with rapid adsorption. We propose that formation of the c(2x2) under these conditions must be controlled by characteristics of the dissociative adsorption event Itself.
Abstract P160: Racial Differences in the Association of NTproBNP With Risk of Incident Heart Failure in REGARDS Participants

Background: Black individuals have lower N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) levels than whites. Higher NTproBNP levels are associated with increased risk of incident heart failure...
Impact of Age and Left Atrial Remodeling in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Objective Patients with advanced heart failure (AHF) undergoing left ventricular assist device have a high prevalence of atrial arrhythmias. Moreover, patients with AHF have significant left atrial remodeling that increases their risk for mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of left atrial volume index (LAVI) on mortality in LVAD patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods A total of 159 consecutive patients undergoing LVAD implantation were analyzed retrospectively. Median follow up was for 2.0 years. Electronic medical records, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and invasive hemodynamics were reviewed. The associations of AF and LAVI with all-cause mortality were examined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression. Results We measured LAVI size in those with and without AF. LAVI size was categorized into small or large based on a median value of 54.1 ml/m2. Patients with AF/Large LAVI were older, had higher prevalence of diabetes, larger end diastolic dimension, larger end diastolic volume and significant valvular heart disease compared to no AF/small LAVI group. (Table). Survival estimate showed increased mortality in those with AF/large LAVI compared to those with no AF/small LAVI (p&lt0.037) (Figure). Univariate analysis showed that age (RR: 1.037, 95%CI:1.008-1.068, p=0.012) and LAVI (RR: 1.016, 95% CI:1.002-1.030, p=0.026) were the only predictors for mortality. After multivariate analysis however, only age (age-RR: 1.039, 95% CI:1.004-1.075, p=0.027 vs. LAVI-RR: 1.004, 95% CI:0.987-1.022, p=0.653) was determined to be a predictor of mortality. Conclusions LVAD patients with history of atrial fibrillation and large LAVI size are at higher risk for mortality, however this effect may be attributable to older age rather than changes in left atrial remodeling and presence of AF.
Clinical Reasoning: A 68-year-old man with rapid cognitive decline.

A 68-year-old Vietnamese man presented to the hospital with rapid cognitive decline. One week after returning from a trip to Vietnam, he developed progressive confusion, day–night reversal, memory loss, and slowed speech and gait. No preceding febrile illness was reported. After 2 weeks of symptoms, he was admitted to a hospital and treated with steroids and IV immunoglobulin therapy due to concern for autoimmune encephalitis (AE). Soon thereafter, he was transferred to our facility due to lack of clinical improvement and extension of T2 hyperintense signal on repeat MRI, detailed below. On examination, the patient was alert, with marked abulia and impaired orientation, attention, naming, and following commands. He had frontal release signs including glabellar, grasp, and snout reflexes. His cranial nerve examination including funduscopic examination was unremarkable. There was mildly increased tone in his bilateral arms but not his legs with normal strength throughout. His left arm was hyperreflexic in the brachioradialis and biceps without additional pathologic reflexes, including Hoffman or Babinski signs, or additional lateralization. His sensation and coordination were unremarkable.
Magnetic Assembly of Nanocubes for Orientation-Dependent Photonic Responses.

Close packing is the most favorable manner in colloidal self-assembly, producing superstructures with a limited variety of spatial configurations. This challenge can be overcome by incorporating anisotropic interactions into the assembly process. Using magnetite nanocubes as the building blocks, we show that they can be magnetically assembled into one-dimensional nanochains in an edge-to-edge rather than close-packed face-to-face manner. The cubic shape of the building blocks plays a key role: it decouples the easy magnetization from any of the three geometric axes favoring close packing. Therefore, under magnetic fields, the induced competition between the long-range Zeeman coupling and the short-range dipole–dipole coupling determines the assembly of nanocubes along the [110] directions. The photonic properties of the edge-to-edge configuration are dependent on both chain orientation and viewing angle. Unlike nanosphere assemblies where the strongest diffraction occurs parallel to the chain (or field) d...
Lung Transplant Index: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Limited long-term survival is a recognized problem in adolescent/young adult lung transplant recipients. A quality improvement (QI) initiative included the development of a Lung Transplant Index (LTI) composed of key elements that we used as a comprehensive approach to screen and identify potential harms in this at-risk patient population. Methods A single-center, uncontrolled QI study was completed from January 2014 to February 2019. The elements of the LTI are events that should have occurred within the most recent 12 months. If an element did not occur, it was counted as a missed element of preventing harm and summated later serving as the LTI score. Implementation of the LTI occurred on January 1, 2015, with a retrospective chart review of patients seen in clinic the prior year serving as baseline measures for comparison. Results The year before implementing the LTI, numerous opportunities failed to identify preventable harm in our adolescent/young adult lung transplant population. The LTI resulted in a sustained reduction of these missed opportunities without negatively influencing patient/family satisfaction with lengthening of the clinic visit. Conclusions A single-center QI initiative identified preventable harms in an adolescent/young adult lung transplant population and reduced the number of preventable harm elements not performed. Future work is needed to determine if this type of QI initiative is associated with less healthcare utilization.
Scale model observations of coupled vertical modes in a translationally invariant wedge

Scale-model tank experiments offer a controlled environment in which to make underwater acoustic propagation measurements that can provide high-quality data for comparison with numerical models. This paper presents results from a scale model experiment for a translationally invariant wedge with a 10° slope fabricated from closed-cell polyurethane foam to investigate three-dimensional (3-D) propagation effects. A computer controlled positioning system accurately located a receiving hydrophone in 3-D space to create a dense field of synthetic vertical line arrays, which are subsequently used to mode filter the measured pressure field. The resulting mode amplitudes show the modal propagation zone, the modal shadow zone, and the classical intra-mode interference pattern resulting from rays launched up and along the slope. The observed features of the measured data are compared to three different propagation models: an exact, closed-form solution for a point source in wedge with pressure release boundaries, a 3-D ray trace model, and an adiabatic model. Examination of the mode amplitudes produced by the models reveals how the effects of vertical mode coupling can be observed in the measured data.
Self-reliance without self-satisfaction: Emerson, Thoreau, Dylan and the problem of inaction:

The idea of self-reliance is important not only because it is often taken to be definitive of the ethics of democratic individualism, but because its greatest theorists have been uncommonly forthri...
Differential effects of serine side chain interactions in amyloid formation by islet amyloid polypeptide

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a 37 residue polypeptide, is the main protein component of islet amyloid deposits produced in the pancreas in Type 2 diabetes. Human IAPP contains five serine residues at positions 19, 20, 28, 29, and 34. Models of the IAPP amyloid fibril indicate a structure composed of two closely aligned columns of IAPP monomers with each monomer contributing to two intermolecular β-strands. Ser 19 and Ser 20 are in the partially ordered β-turn region, which links the two strands, whereas Ser 28, Ser 29, and Ser 34 are in the core region of the amyloid fibril. Ser 29 is involved in contacts between the two columns of monomers and is the part of the steric zipper interface. We undertook a study of individual serine substitutions with the hydrophobic isostere 2-aminobutyric acid (2-Abu) to examine the site-specific role of serine side chains in IAPP amyloid formation. All five variants formed amyloid. The Ser 19 to 2-Abu mutant accelerates amyloid formation by a factor of 3 to 4, while the Ser 29 to 2-Abu mutation modestly slows the rate of amyloid formation. 2-Abu replacements at the other sites had even smaller effects. The data demonstrate that the cross-column interactions made by residue 29 are not essential for amyloid formation and also show that cross-strand networks of hydrogen-bonded Ser side chains, so called Ser-ladders, are not required for IAPP amyloid formation. The effect of the Ser 19 to 2-Abu mutant suggests that residues in this region are important for amyloid formation by IAPP.
Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Analyses in U.S. Spine Surgery.

Background Increasing costs put the value of spine surgery under scrutiny. In health economics, cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) are used to compare the value of competing procedures. However, inconsistent methodology prevents standardization and implementation of recommendations. The goal of this study is to perform a systematic review of all U.S. CEAs in spine surgery reported to date, highlight their strengths and weaknesses, and define metrics essential for high-quality CEAs. Methods We followed AMSTAR systematic review methods, identifying all U.S. spine surgery CEAs reported to March 2019 with a structured, reproducible search of PubMed, Embase, and the Tufts CEA Registry. Results We identified 40 CEA studies. Twelve (30%) used outcome data from a randomized controlled trial. To calculate costs, 22 (55%) used allowed charges but costing methods were often unclear or imprecise. Studies applying discounting had mean follow-up of 5.92 years compared with 3.00 years for studies without. Eleven of 15 (73%) cervical studies compared cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, finding cervical disc arthroplasty to be cost-effective ( Conclusions Costing methodology remains obscure and inconsistent and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio results incomparable. The language of costing methodology must be standardized and sensitivity analyses of outcome and cost inputs mandatory for publication.
Pre-implementation adaptation of primary care cancer prevention clinical decision support in a predominantly rural healthcare system.

Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. Primary care providers (PCPs) juggle patient cancer prevention and screening along with managing acute and chronic health problems. However, clinical decision support (CDS) may assist PCPs in addressing patients’ cancer prevention and screening needs during short clinic visits. In this paper, we describe pre-implementation study design and cancer screening and prevention CDS changes made to maximize utilization and better fit a healthcare system’s goals and culture. We employed the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), useful for evaluating the implementation of CDS interventions in primary care settings, in understanding barriers and facilitators that led to those changes. In a three-arm, pragmatic, 36 clinic cluster-randomized control trial, we integrated cancer screening and prevention CDS and shared decision-making tools (SDMT) into an existing electronic medical record-linked cardiovascular risk management CDS system. The integrated CDS is currently being tested within a predominately rural upper Midwestern healthcare system. Prior to CDS implementation, we catalogued pre-implementation changes made from 2016 to 2018 based on: pre-implementation site engagement; key informant interviews with healthcare system rooming staff, providers, and leadership; and pilot testing. We identified influential barriers, facilitators, and changes made in response through qualitative content analysis of meeting minutes and supportive documents. We then coded pre-implementation changes made and associated barriers and facilitators using the CFIR. Based on our findings from system-wide pre-implementation engagement, pilot testing, and key informant interviews, we made changes to accommodate the needs of the healthcare system based on barriers and facilitators that fell within the Intervention Characteristics, Inner Setting, and Outer Setting CFIR domains. Changes included replacing the expansion of medical assistant roles in one intervention arm with targeted SDMT, as well as altering cancer prevention CDS and study design elements. Pre-implementation changes to CDS may help meet healthcare systems’ evolving needs and optimize the intervention by being responsive to real-world implementation barriers and facilitators. Frameworks like the CFIR are useful tools for identifying areas where pre-implementation barriers and facilitators may result in design changes, both to research studies and CDS systems. NCT02986230.
In-Plane Second-Order Topologically Protected States in Elastic Kagome Lattices

Second-order topological insulators, which exhibit capability of hosting topologically protected zero-dimensional corner states distinct from the well-studied topological edge states, unveil a horizon beyond the conventional bulk-edge correspondence. Motivated by recent experimental observation of Wannier-type second-order corner states in acoustic structures, we investigate numerically and demonstrate experimentally the in-plane edge and corner states in a mechanical kagome lattice. By manipulating simply lattice geometry and quantized characterization, we exploit that the emerging corner states are topologically robust against disorders. We further present a second-order topological insulator with multi-interfaces such that the mechanical energy can be localized in multiple locations, which provides the possibility of practical application in energy harvesting devices. The present study is the physical observation to extend the second-order topological insulator to in-plane elastic dynamics, and modal coupling of in-plane elasticity makes it more challenging to be measured experimentally.
The Relationship Between Agentic and Communal Personality Traits and Psychosocial Adjustment to Breast Cancer

Agency, communion, unmitigated agency (UA), and unmitigated communion (UC) are related to psychosocial health outcomes in nonclinical and medical populations. This study examined the relationship between these personality traits and emotional and interpersonal well-being, as up to 50% of women experience difficulties in psychosocial adjustment after being diagnosed with breast cancer. Seventy-four women newly diagnosed with breast cancer completed baseline assessment measures within 2 weeks prior to their first chemotherapy treatment or at the beginning of their hormonal therapy. Findings indicate that (1) agency and UA are important correlates of emotional and interpersonal adjustment and should be considered when attempting to identify women at high risk for psychosocial distress, and (2) UC deserves increased attention in behavioral medicine research, given its strong relationship with emotional distress in a breast cancer population. Thus, evidence continues to accumulate regarding the important relationship of these personality traits to psychosocial outcomes in medical populations.
Performing the techno-self: Paul B. Preciado’s Testo Junkie as a twenty-first century feminist narrative:

This article examines Paul B. Preciado’s Testo Junkie as portraying the need for a postpornographic trans* feminism that contests homonormative queer and feminist responses to LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, ga...
Light-Driven Carbene Catalysis for the Synthesis of Aliphatic and α-Amino Ketones

Single-electron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis has gained attention recently for the synthesis of C-C bonds. Guided by density functional theory and mechanistic analyses, we report the light-driven synthesis of aliphatic and α-amino ketones using single-electron NHC operators. Computational and experimental results reveal that the reactivity of the key radical intermediate is substrate-dependent and can be modulated through steric and electronic parameters of the NHC. Catalyst potential is harnessed in the visible-light driven generation of an acyl azolium radical species that undergoes selective coupling with various radical partners to afford diverse ketone products. This methodology is showcased in the direct late-stage functionalization of amino acids and pharmaceutical compounds, highlighting the utility of single-electron NHC operators.
Outcomes of open treatment of infrainguinal peripheral artery disease in women

Abstract As the prevalence of peripheral artery disease continues to increase, the open treatment of infrainguinal peripheral artery disease remains an essential option. There are many important factors to consider when evaluating female patients for bypass, including artery diameter, diseases burden, conduit size, timing of presentation, and hormonal factors. However, despite advances in medical therapy and surgical technique, many conflicting reports exist regarding outcomes in women, with more recent, large database studies demonstrating that women have lower patency and limb salvage rates and increased mortality rates. This chapter examines these factors because they relate to open surgical infrainguinal treatments in women and the effects of sex on outcome.
A Replication Study for IoT Privacy Preferences

Privacy issues have plagued the rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Resource-constrained IoT devices often obscure transparency for end-users. The usability of privacy-preserving mechanisms and tools offers promise but relies on accurately capturing privacy preferences. Our work replicates a previous study to examine users’ privacy expectations and preferences for IoT devices. We specifically focus our effort on examining users’ feelings regarding their data collection in an IoT-based environment. Our work analyzes different contributing factors that impact users’ privacy decisions about data collection. Our analysis supports previous work that has argued users’ perceived benefit is an essential factor and motivating favor. In contrast to the previous study, we identified the workplace has now morphed into a sensitive location where users are uncomfortable sharing their private information.
Reviewing Evidence on the Relations Between Oral Reading Fluency and Reading Comprehension for Adolescents

In this article, I systematically review evidence on the relations between oral reading fluency (ORF) and reading comprehension (RC) for adolescents with limited reading proficiency (ALRP) in Grade...
FOMO Index: A Cross Sectional and Time Series Analyses

This paper presents a Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) index. The index is constructed via three equally weighted FOMO components: (1) FOMO momentum: short-long moving average; (2) FOMO news sentiment: Google search trend; and (3) FOMO risk: investor margin account usage. Applying the FOMO monthly index data between 1/2004 and 6/2021, we find that the FOMO index has been increasing since 2010, and comoves with key financial indicators, in particular, the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), price-earnings ratio, and cryptocurrency values. However, the index exhibits a significant difference than these financial indicators. Most importantly, the FOMO index reveals a real long-term impact on stock prices, as well as on a large number of sectors and industries. Furthermore, analyzing micro data, we find that minorities, young, and risk tolerant households are the groups most exposed to FOMO. At the household level, we find that FOMO index increases the propensity to participate in the stock market and to tolerate greater finance risk; this additional risk is mitigated by increasing portfolio diversity; moreover, FOMO increases the level of household’s overconfidence.
Chemotherapy in Prostate Cancer

For approximately a decade, chemotherapy has been shown to prolong life in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Since that time, however, only two agents have proven to prolong life (docetaxel and cabazitaxel). However, in the last year, the addition of chemotherapy to primary hormonal therapy became a standard of care for high-volume castration-sensitive metastatic disease. Here I will review current prostate cancer chemotherapies, mechanisms of resistance to those therapies, and ongoing clinical studies of chemotherapy combinations and novel chemotherapeutics.
Counting equivalence classes for monomial rotation symmetric Boolean functions with prime dimension

Recently much progress has been made on the old problem of determining the equivalence classes of Boolean functions under permutation of the variables. In this paper we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of equivalence classes under permutation for degree d monomial rotation symmetric (MRS) functions, in the cases where d ? 3 is arbitrary and the number of variables n is a prime. Our counting formula has two main terms and an error term; this is the first instance of such a detailed result for Boolean function equivalence classes which is valid for arbitrary degree and infinitely many n. We also prove an exact formula for the count of the equivalence classes when d = 5; this extends previous work for d = 3 and 4.
Getting Everyone to Buckle Up on Every Trip: What More Can Be Done?

In this issue, Lee and colleagues document a reduction in motor vehicle fatalities in states with primary seat belt laws compared with states with secondary laws. The editorialists discuss how expa...
Human Errors in Medical Practice: Systematic Classification and Reduction with Automated Information Systems

We review the general nature of human error(s) in complex systems and then focus on issues raised by Institute of Medicine report in 1999. From this background we classify and categorize error(s) in medical practice, including medication, procedures, diagnosis, and clerical error(s). We also review the potential role of software and technology applications in reducing the rate and nature of error(s).
Information, ICTs and Ethical Trade: Implications for Self-Regulation

Increasing numbers of ethical trade initiatives are being launched, reflecting concerns about the limited benefits that globalisation brings to producers in developing countries. Ethical trade is an information-intensive activity yet little is known about the role of information systems in supporting this activity. Ethical trade - with its voluntary codes and consumer campaigns - also represents a new approach to interaction between market actors. This form of self-regulation is seen as an alternative to state regulation and sanctions, and more appropriate to a liberalised international economy. This paper provides a summary of the literature concerning ethical trade, selfregulation and the role of information. It presents models and issues in relation to both ethical trade information systems and information and communication technologies. Findings about information systems and ethical trade also advance our understanding of self-regulation.
Herpes Simplex Virus Infections of the Newborn.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in newborns is an important cause of death and permanent neurodevelopmental disability among young children. Neonatal HSV infections can be categorized as 1) mucocutaneous (skin-eyes-mouth), 2) disseminated, or 3) encephalitic. In addition, congenital HSV infection, a distinct clinical syndrome, accounts for approximately 5% of HSV infections identified in the neonatal period. Polymerase chain reaction greatly enhances the clinician’s ability to diagnosis HSV infections, but as many as 25% of infants with neonatal HSV encephalitis have negative polymerase chain reaction studies of cerebrospinal fluid. Infants with proven or suspected HSV infections should receive acyclovir 60 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours for 14 days if disease is restricted to the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes and for 21 days if the infant has disseminated infection or encephalitis. The benefit of long-term suppression therapy after completion of the initial treatment regimen has not been established definitively. Despite therapy with acyclovir, the best available anti-HSV drug, a substantial number of HSV-infected infants with disseminated infections or encephalitis die or have long-term neurodevelopmental sequelae.