cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coupled expression of Ca2+ transport ATPase and a dihydrofolate reductase selectable marker in a mammalian cell system.

Stable expression of a full-length cDNA encoding chicken fast muscle Ca2+ transport ATPase was obtained in a Chinese hamster lung cell line (DC-3F), using a dual-promoter expression vector (pHβFCaA3) in which the ATPase was cloned downstream of a human β-actin gene promoter, and a mutant dihydrofolate reductase cDNA (A3/DHFR) was cloned downstream of an SV40 promoter-enhancer. Owing to its essentially normal catalytic activity and modest (20-fold) resistance to the antifolate methotrexate (MTX), the A3/DHFR mutant enzyme served as an efficient dominant selection marker in transfected cell populations challenged with MTX and, within a broad range of drug concentrations, allowed subsequent amplification and overexpression of vector sequences. In stable transfectants, the expressed ATPase was targeted to intracellular membranes, and the microsomal fractions from those cells exhibited high rates of Ca2+ transport. In comparative experiments using transient expression in COS1 cells, the level of ATPase per transfected cell was greater, but less than 5% of the transfected population exhibited ATPase expression. Furthermore, as opposed to the stable lines, the transiently expressing cells could not be propagated. Overall, the yield of ATPase was 12–16 and 4–6 μg per milligram of microsomal protein in the stable and the transient expression systems, respectively. The advantages of the stably transfected cell lines therefore lie in the homogeneity of ATPase expression and its distribution in cells and microsomes, in the large yield of microsomes obtained by continuous cell propagation, and in the reproducible functional characteristics of the microsomes. Moreover, the microsomes derived from stably transfected cell lines provide a convenient system for studies of Ca2+ transport and ATPase partial reactions, eliminating the need to conduct repetitive transient transfections to obtain sufficient amounts of enzyme for functional studies.
“I'm the One Taking It”: Adolescent Participation in Chronic Disease Treatment Decisions

Abstract Purpose To understand adolescents' roles and preferences in chronic disease treatment decisions, using biologic therapy decisions as an example. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with adolescents who have Crohn's disease (n = 7) or juvenile idiopathic arthritis (n = 8). Questions focused on biologic therapy decisions, including who participated, preferred roles, and factors considered in the decision. We used pie charts to help teens describe the division of decisional responsibility. We open-coded the initial interviews to develop a coding structure. Interviews then were coded by two people, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Results Nearly all adolescents participated in the decision about biologic therapy. Roles varied from telling parents about specific symptoms to having the final say in the decision. In addition to discussing their own roles, adolescents identified specific decision-making roles for both parents and physicians. Most factors that influenced adolescents' decision-making related to their quality of life, such as the desire to feel better, concerns about painful injections, and the time needed for treatment. Some adolescents did consider potential side effects and the expected treatment efficacy. Most adolescents were satisfied with how the decision was made, but given a choice would have preferred a different role in the decision. Conclusion Adolescents with chronic disease wish to be involved in treatment decision making, but also seek the involvement of parents and physicians. Parents and providers can assist by providing adolescents with relevant information and by helping teens develop the skills necessary for future medical decision-making.
Numerical Stability and Accuracy of Temporally Coupled Multi-Physics Modules in Wind-Turbine CAE Tools

In this paper we examine the stability and accuracy of numerical algorithms for coupling time-dependent multi-physics modules relevant to computer-aided engineering (CAE) of wind turbines. This work is motivated by an in-progress major revision of FAST, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) premier aero-elastic CAE simulation tool. We employ two simple examples as test systems, while algorithm descriptions are kept general. Coupled-system governing equations are framed in monolithic and partitioned representations as differential-algebraic equations. Explicit and implicit loose partition coupling is examined. In explicit coupling, partitions are advanced in time from known information. In implicit coupling, there is dependence on other-partition data at the next time step; coupling is accomplished through a predictor-corrector (PC) approach. Numerical time integration of coupled ordinary-differential equations (ODEs) is accomplished with one of three, fourth-order fixed-time-increment methods: Runge-Kutta (RK), Adams-Bashforth (AB), and Adams-Bashforth-Moulton (ABM). Through numerical experiments it is shown that explicit coupling can be dramatically less stable and less accurate than simulations performed with the monolithic system. However, PC implicit coupling restored stability and fourth-order accuracy for ABM; only second-order accuracy was achieved with RK integration. For systems without constraints, explicit time integration with AB and explicit loose coupling exhibited desired accuracy and stability.
Using High Resolution Solar Measurement in PV Variability Studies

Clouds, aerosols, water vapor and other atmospheric constituents influence solar energy reaching the earth’s surface. Each of these atmospheric constituents has it’s own inherent scale of temporal and spatial variability and they in turn influence the variability in the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface. This combined influence of the atmospheric constituents and their separate variability characteristics makes solar variability modeling a complicated task.Output from photovoltaic (PV) power plants is dependent on the amount of solar energy reaching the surface. Therefore variability in solar radiation results in variability in PV plant output. The issue of variability in PV plant output has become important in the last couple of years as utility scale PV plants go online and increase in size. Understanding variability in PV plant output requires an understanding of (a) the spatial and temporal variability of solar radiation; (b) the influence of this solar variability on PV plant output.The goal of this paper is to understand what temporal and spatial scales of variability in Global Horizontal Radiation (GHI) are important to a PV plants and what measurements are needed to be able to characterize them. As solar radiation measuring instruments are point receivers it is important to understand how those measurements translate to energy received over a larger spatial extent. Also of importance is the temporal nature of variability characterized not at a single point on the ground but over large spatial areas.In this research we use high temporal and spatial resolution measurements from multiple time synchronized solar radiation sensors to create solar radiation fields at various spatial and temporal scales using a wide range of interpolation techniques. These solar fields are then used to create plant power output for various size PV plants. As various interpolation schemes can produce different distributions we investigate the impact of interpolation schemes on GHI and power output distribution. While power output from PV plants is an important quantity the temporal variability of power is a matter of concern to utilities. In this paper we show how PV plant output varies across different time scales.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Unexpected spatial patterns in an insect outbreak match a predator diffusion model

An outbreak of the western tussock moth ( Orgyia vetusta) with a sharp spatial boundary has been hypothesized to be the result of an interaction with mobile parasitoids. We report here a striking correspondence between the qualitative prediction of a general model for a mobile predator and a sessile prey and initial observations of the outbreak of western tussock moth. The model makes the counterintuitive prediction that the prey species will have its highest population density at the edge of an outbreak, which corresponds to observations made of the western tussock moth. This is a striking pattern which should be looked for in other population systems.
Schooling our consultants for a sea of residents

Residential IT Services (RITS) at Indiana University serves the network technology needs of 12,000 residents living in campus housing on two core campuses. The 60 student consultants who join our work-force each fall arrive with energy and enthusiasm but with varying degrees of technical skills. Our task is to train the consultants in four days of intensive training and then unleash them on the residential community with the expectation that approximately 12,000 residents will be connected to the IU network in just five days. Training for this level of intensity resembles, on the one hand, a carefully and tightly orchestrated symphony; on the other hand, it bears similarity to a fishing expedition in which "the charm of fishing is that it is the pursuit of that which is elusive but attainable, a perpetual series of occasions for hope." (Anonymous) Over the past four years we have revised and refined our fall training program combining lecture, hands-on, games, obstacle courses, videos and written materials. We've also added mid-year training programs and a RITS FAQ. My presentation will outline improvements made to the program over the past few years as well as plans for the future. Participants should walk away from this presentation with many new ideas on training and maintaining student expertise.
REMPI detection of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air

Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), and styrene, aniline, and phenol can be directly and sensitively detected in ambient air by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy. The REMPI spectra closely resemble conventional absorbance spectra, but the REMPI technique is far more sensitive. Detection limits for directly focused tunable laser light into the ionization cell are less than 10 ppbv for BTEX and less than 1 ppbv for styrene, aniline, and phenol. Benzene in aqueous solution was remotely detected down to concentrations at the (mu) g/L level by a headspace analysis in which light was delivered to the ionization cell over a 20-meter long optical fiber.
Combining mandala and the Johari Window: An exercise in self-awareness

Abstract The Mandala/Johari Window exercise is designed to facilitate the student in realizing the importance of self-awareness and its relationship to developing therapeutic relationships with others. A strong sense of self-awareness provides the foundation on which to establish personal boundaries, explore prejudices, develop goals and enhance critical thinking skills, all key elements of developing therapeutic relationships. This article outlines the development of a Mandala/Johari Window, a description of mandalas and of the Johari Window and suggestions for applications and revisions.
Local density of states of an isolated vortex in an extreme type-II superconductor

We use Eilenberger's quasiclassical equations to compute the self-consistent local density of states of an isolated vortex in an extreme type-II superconductor. We include the contributions from both the scattering states and the bound states and consider a two-dimensional Fermi surface. The local density of states as a function of energy shows a double-peak structure: (a) there is one peak at E=\ensuremath{\Delta} at all distances from the vortex core and (b) a second peak at lower energies due to bound states in the core. This low-energy peak appears at successively lower energy as one moves closer to the core, giving rise to the enhancement of the zero-bias differential conductivity at the vortex core reported by Hess et al.
Electronically-Mediated Dispute Resolution and E-Commerce

Although the volume of internet commerce continues to increase, some consumers hesitate to conduct business transactions on the internet because of concerns about the trustworthiness of on-line merchants. The presence of readily available, on-line dispute resolution services can send a reassuring signal to consumers that allays their fears and encourages them to do business on-line. However, on-line dispute resolution systems designed to address disputes arising from e-commerce transactions rely on a communication medium that is impoverished, which can lead to lower trust in the process, and to the escalation of negative emotion and negative attributions about the other participants in the dispute resolution process, making successful resolution of the dispute more difficult. A mediator or arbitrator in an on-line setting who is aware of these potential problems can try to avert them by engaging in simple rapport-building procedures. However, facilitating acceptance of on-line dispute resolution decisions may be more difficult than in a traditional face-to-face environment because of the absence of cues that communicate the trustworthiness and neutrality of the third party, as well as acknowledgment of the societal standing of the disputant.
Does perceived size depend on perceived distance? An argument from extended haptic perception

Two experiments were directed at the comparison between two perspectives on the perception of size achieved by probing the gap between two occluded distal surfaces by means of a hand-held rod. One perspective was the classical size—distance invariance hypothesis developed for the problem of visual size perception with a central role for perceived distance; the other was the hypothesis that the extended haptic perception of gap size is specific to a physical invariant λ of the dynamics of probing. Experiment 1 examined the relation between haptically perceived gap size and haptically perceived gap distance. No causal connection between the two was found, and all the variance in perceived size was accounted for by?. Experiment 2 manipulated the rotational inertia of the probe. Its effect was different for the two perceptions of size and distance, underscoring their independence. The indifference of perceived size to perceived distance was discussed in reference to identifying invariants for both the haptic and the visual perception of size at a distance.
The snout of Halisaurus platyspondylusMarsh 1869: phylogenetic and functional implications

New material of Halisaurus platyspondylus allows description of the snout elements for the first time. The specimen was recovered from the Late Maastrichtian New Egypt Formation in Gloucester County, New Jersey. Portions of the frontal, both prefrontals, and the left quadrate are preserved and are nearly identical to the USNM H. platyspondylus specimen. It can be excluded from H. arambourgi by the extensive sutural contact of the prefrontal and ventral frontal. The new material demonstrates development of a relatively broad short skull in H. platyspondylus as in H. arambourgi, and articulations of constituent elements reveal a strong, akinetic snout. This stands in contrast to the elongate, narrow skulls of more basal halisaurines such as Eonatator. This pattern, also seen in derived members of other mosasaurid subfamilies, suggests a shift from high velocity jaw closure for prey acquisition in more basal forms to robust skulls optimized for increased bite force in some more derived forms.
Concepts and fuzzy sets: Misunderstandings, misconceptions, and oversights

The psychology of concepts has been undergoing significant changes since the early 1970s, when the classical view of concepts was seriously challenged by convincing experimental evidence that conceptual categories never have sharp boundaries. Some researchers recognized already in the early 1970s that fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were potentially suitable for modeling of concepts and obtained encouraging results. This positive attitude abruptly changed in the early 1980s, and since that time fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic have been portrayed as problematic and unsuitable for representing and dealing with concepts. Our aim in this paper is to identify some of the most notorious claims regarding fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic that have propagated through the literature on psychology of concepts and to show that they are, by and large, false. We trace the origin and propagation of these claims within the literature in this area. It is shown in detail that these claims are consistently erroneous and that they are based on various misunderstandings, misconceptions, and oversights. The ultimate purpose of this paper is to document these various erroneous claims.
The power of 1 in HIV therapeutics.

In this issue of Blood , Allers and colleagues describe the long-term follow-up of their previously reported HIV+ patient who was treated with allogeneic CCR5Δ32/Δ32 stem cell transplantation (SCT) for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).[1][1],[2][2] The patient has since remained off
Synthesis and evaluation of n,n-dialkyl enkephalin-based affinity labels for δ opioid receptors

To develop affinity labels for delta opioid receptors based on peptide antagonists, the Phe(4) residues of N,N-dibenzylleucine enkephalin and N,N-diallyl[Aib(2),Aib(3)]leucine enkephalin (ICI-174, 864) were substituted with either Phe(p-NCS) or Phe(p-NHCOCH(2)Br). A general synthetic method was developed for the conversion of small peptide substrates into potential affinity labels. The target peptides were synthesized using Phe(p-NH(2)) and a Boc/Fmoc orthogonal protection strategy which allowed for late functional group conversion of a p-amine group in the peptides to the desired affinity labeling moieties. A key step in the synthesis was the selective deprotection of a Boc group in the presence of a tert-butyl ester using trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMS-OTf). The target peptides were evaluated in radioligand binding experiments in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing delta or mu opioid receptors. The delta receptor affinities of the N, N-dibenzylleucine enkephalin analogues were 2.5-10-fold higher than those for the corresponding ICI-174,864 analogues. In general, substitution at the para position of Phe(4) decreased binding affinity at both delta and mu receptors in standard radioligand binding assays; the one exception was N, N-dibenzyl[Phe(p-NCS)(4)]leucine enkephalin (2) which exhibited a 2-fold increase in affinity for delta receptors (IC(50) = 34.9 nM) compared to N,N-dibenzylleucine enkephalin (IC(50) = 78.2 nM). The decreases in mu receptor affinities were greater than in delta receptor affinities so that all of the analogues tested exhibited significantly greater delta receptor selectivity than the unsubstituted parent peptides. Of the target peptides tested, only N, N-dibenzyl[Phe(p-NCS)(4)]leucine enkephalin (2) exhibited wash-resistant inhibition of radioligand binding to delta receptors. To our knowledge, 2 represents the first peptide-based affinity label to utilize an isothiocyanate group as the electrophilic affinity labeling moiety. As a result of this study, enkephalin analogue 2 emerges as a potential affinity label useful for the further study of delta opioid receptors.
Integrated fiber-wireless access architecture for mobile backhaul and fronthaul in 5G wireless data networks

Recent rapid proliferation of smart mobile devices using 4G LTE-A and beyond wireless communications technologies is driving a near term, 10-fold increase in mobile data traffic that requires a build-up of wireless cell sites to support near term evolution fiber-optic based backhaul and fronthaul architecture. Optical fiber access transport needs to be scalable to support the projected 5G deployment goals by 2020: 1–10Gb/s at the user terminal; 100Gb/s for the backhaul truck; 1Tb/s for metro transport and 1Pb/s for the core transport [1]. In order to provide multi-gigabit wireless link rate to mobile data users, one has to rely on efficient use of the available RF bandwidth and explore the wireless transmission technology at millimeter wave bands (30–300GHz) in addition to the deployment of small-cell architecture in an integrated optical and wireless access network platform. Due to the conflict between drastic growth of mobile data traffic and the limited wireless spectral resources at conventional RF bands for both cellular and WiFi networks, more aggressive spectral reuse and new spectral exploration at higher RF bands and cooperative multipoint operation among the remote radio heads (RRHs) are the three main directions for high-speed and high capacity wireless access networks. By reducing the cell size, limited spectral resources can be reused among small cells more frequently, thus enhancing the total system capacity. Due to the limited transmission range at higher RF bands, the combination of small-cell architecture and higher RF bands provides a promising solution to drastically increase the mobile data system capacity through new frequency band exploitation, frequency reuse and coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technologies.
Name that tune: call discrimination and individual recognition in Magellanic penguins

Individual recognition via vocalizations is key to reproductive success in many species. We explored individual recognition and call discrimination in Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus, through several playback experiments. By using two call types in multiple social contexts, we demonstrate, for the first time in a Spheniscus species, that adults and chicks can discriminate between conspecific calls. We played male ecstatic display calls, including calls of a neighbour, stranger and mate, to incubating females and, later, played this same set of calls to their mates. Females responded more strongly to ecstatic display calls of mates versus neighbours and strangers but did not discriminate between calls of neighbours and strangers. Males showed no difference in response to their own ecstatic display calls and those of neighbours and strangers. We also played mutual display calls of mated pairs and stranger pairs to both pair members during incubation and, later, to their unattended chicks. Reaction to mutual display calls for both sexes was similar, showing a significantly stronger response to their own mutual display call than to that of a stranger pair. Chicks responded more strongly to the mutual display call of their parents than to that of a stranger pair. Few playback experiments consider experimental and ecological factors that might affect playback results. We found several ecological factors that correlated strongly with response to strength: longer-mated females responded less strongly to their mate's call, males responded more strongly later in the season, and chicks responded less strongly at higher temperatures.
MANIFEST AND PROJECTIVE ANXIETY

When the Taylor Manifest Anxiety scale and the Cassel and Kahn Group Personality Projective Test were administered to 92 college students, no significant correlations among scores were found. Between the Tension Reduction Quotient and the Total score of the GPPT r = .84 (Class I), .98 (Class II). The freshmen scored significantly higher on both tests than the normative groups or the upper classmen. There was no significant difference in MAS variance for the students and the normative group, but 5 of 8 GPPT variances were significantly different for the students and the normative group. Thus, manifest and projective anxiety are different measures. TRQ predicts the Total score of the GPPT pretty well, and freshmen have higher anxiety but not more heterogeneous anxiety than the other groups.
Stability criteria for uncertain piecewise affine time-delay systems

The stability problem for piecewise affine time-delay systems with norm-bounded uncertainty is studied in this paper. Sufficient stability conditions are derived using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with a triple integration term. This approach handles switching based on the delayed states (in addition to the states) for a PWA time-delay system, and reduces the conservativeness of previous approaches. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparison with existing methods through numerical examples.
Timing of extraction of ankylosed teeth to maximize ridge development

Retaining an ankylosed replanted tooth during jaw growth leads to arrested development of the associated alveolar ridge. As the adjacent teeth erupt and the adjacent alveolar ridge develops, the ankylosed tooth is left in infraocclusion. The severity of the resulting ridge defect depends on the amount of facial growth after ankylosis. The extent of the defect correlates with the length of time an ankylosed tooth is retained during adolescent rapid growth. This case report illustrates the development of an extensive alveolar ridge defect when a replanted tooth became ankylosed and was allowed to remain through an adolescent growth spurt. The change in tooth position is dramatic and reflects the marked difference in ridge development. Clinical guidelines are presented to determine the optimal timing of extraction of ankylosed teeth to maximize alveolar ridge development.
Novel isolation procedure for short-, medium-, and long-chain acyl-coenzyme A esters from tissue

A novel procedure for the quantitative isolation and purification of acyl-coenzyme A esters is presented. The procedure involves two steps: (1) tissue extraction using acetonitrile/2-propanol (3+1, v+v) followed by 0.1M potassium phosphate, pH 6.7, and (2) purification using 2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl-functionalized silica gel. Recoveries determined by adding radiolabeled acetyl-, malonyl-, octanoyl-, oleoyl-, palmitoyl-, or arachidonyl-coenzyme A to powdered rat liver varied 93-104% for tissue extraction and 83-90% for solid-phase extraction. The procedure described allows for isolation and purification, with high recoveries, of acyl-coenzyme A esters differing widely in chain length and saturation.
Precise control of PLG microsphere size provides enhanced control of drug release rate.

An important limitation in the development of biodegradable polymer microspheres for controlled-release drug delivery applications has been the difficulty of specifically designing systems exhibiting precisely controlled release rates. Because microparticle size is a primary determinant of drug release, we developed a methodology for controlling release kinetics employing monodisperse poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) microspheres. We fabricated 20-, 40- and 65-microm diameter rhodamine-containing microspheres and 10-, 50- and 100-microm diameter piroxicam-containing microspheres at various loadings from 1 to 20%. In vitro release kinetics were determined for each preparation. Drug release depended strongly on microsphere diameter with 10- and 20-microm particles exhibiting concave-downward release profiles while larger particles resulted in sigmoidal release profiles. Overall, the rate of release decreased and the duration increased with increasing microsphere size. Release kinetics from mixtures of uniform microspheres corresponded to mass-weighted averages of the individual microsphere release kinetics. Appropriate mixtures of uniform microspheres were identified that provided constant (zero-order) release of rhodamine and piroxicam for 8 and 14 days, respectively. Mixing of uniform microspheres, as well as control of microsphere size distribution, may provide an improved methodology to tailor small-molecule drug-release kinetics from simple, biodegradable-polymer microparticles.
Policy Divergence in Races for the U.S. House of Representatives

Objective. This article investigates the extent to which opposing candidates for the U.S. House of Representatives adopt differing policy stances and examines explanations for policy divergence. Methods. We use a Congressional Quarterly survey of 1996 House candidates to measure policy divergence on eight issues. We then test explanations for this divergence: party pressures, primaries, third-party candidates, campaign contributions, candidate preferences, and uncertainty. Results. Primaries, third-party challenges, and contributions play little role in explaining policy divergence. We find that party and candidate preferences contribute to differences in the policy platforms of opposing candidates while uncertainty weakens the pressure for policy convergence. Conclusion. Imperfect information weakens pressure on candidates to adopt positions favored by the majority of voters in a district. This lack of pressure allows candidates to indulge their personal and party preferences in taking policy stances.
Welfare Magnets: Myth or Reality?

Since the passage of federal welfare reform in late 1996, 15 states have passed welfare residency requirements that restrict cash assistance to new migrants, an indication that welfare-induced migration concerns state policy-makers. Models of state welfare policy-making assume that states compete in a "race-to-the-bottom" over the generosity of their welfare policies, where neighboring states continuously reduce benefit levels in reaction to one another. This paper analyzes longitudinal data on individual-level migration among single-parent families and estimates the extent to which these families make interstate moves to states with higher benefit levels. We find that relatively few single-parent households make interstate moves and that welfare benefits are not a significant determinant of them. We discuss the implications of these findings for models of state welfare policy-making.
Matching Estimators of Causal Effects Prospects and Pitfalls in Theory and Practice

As the counterfactual model of causality has increased in popularity, sociologists have returned to matching as a research methodology. In this article, advances over the past two decades in matching estimators are explained, and the practical limitations of matching techniques are emphasized. The authors introduce matching methods by focusing first on ideal scenarios in which stratification and weighting procedures warrant causal inference. Then, they discuss how matching is often undertaken in practice, offering an overview of the most prominent data analysis routines. With four hypothetical examples, they demonstrate how the assumptions behind matching estimators often break down in practice. Even so, the authors argue that matching techniques can be used effectively to strengthen the prosecution of causal questions in sociology.
Mixed hyperlipemia, a sixth type of hyperlipoproteinemia

Abstract A study of 132 hyperlipidemic patients that included dietary treatment of 81 for 1 to 10 years was reviewed to examine the thesis that mixed hyperlipemia, now called type II B, should be classified as type VI. Serum lipids in type VI had an elevated beta or low density lipoprotein level characteristic of type II and an elevated pre-beta or very low density lipoprotein level characteristic of type IV, yet all lipid levels were relatively moderate in elevation and normal in proportion. Type VI was present in 32 % of these hyperlipidemic patients and was closely associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease. Unlike type II, serum beta lipoprotein and cholesterol in type VI were reduced to relatively normal levels with a polyunsaturated-fat diet; unlike type IV, serum pre-beta and triglycerides were reduced to normal levels with diet. Triglyceride and pre-beta lipoprotein levels were increased with high dietary carbohydrate so that the polyunsaturated-fat diet with moderate amounts of carbohydrate was more effective in maintaining reduced serum lipid levels than the low-fat (high carbohydrate) diet. Because of these distinctive characteristics, mixed hyperlipemia or type II B should be classified as type VI.
Melphalan: a promising agent in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

Background Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become an option for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). Frequently, these patients have failed systemic chemotherapies and surgeries, including CRS/HIPEC with traditional regimens (mitomycin-C or platinum based). An alternative agent for failed or repeated CRS/HIPEC is unknown. We hypothesize that melphalan is an alternative agent in patients with PC from aggressive primaries, including recurrences following failed regional therapies.
Formation constraints on Martian north polar volcanic edifices

[1] This study focuses on probable volcanic features in the north polar region of Mars in an effort to constrain their formation mechanisms and to estimate the thickness of a possible former ice sheet. Using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), and Context Camera (CTX) data, we conduct topographic analyses of 108 putative volcanic edifices in the Borealis Volcanic Field within 69°N-81°N and 197°E-330°E. As it is rarely possible to identify rock types on Mars (such as hyaloclastite or palagonite), we are limited to the use of topographic data and images alone in our study. Therefore, we use available data for volcanic features in Iceland to predict the formational mechanisms of similar features on Mars. We examined 21 Icelandic volcanoes of subglacial and postglacial origin using Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) as well as limited differential GPS data and suggest by analogy that many of the features in the Borealis Volcanic Field were likely formed subglacially. We use these data to estimate a minimum ice sheet thickness for the area and suggest a range of minimum ice sheet thickness that varies between 57 and 610m with an average value of 283 m.
Peak ASDF regional acceleration: A method to identify subtle regional ventricular dysfunction from gated blood pool scans at rest in patients with coronary artery disease

Peak regional acceleration images were obtained from gated blood pool scans at rest in 10 normal subjects, 16 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization for unstable angina or nontransmural infarction and were found to have normal ejection fraction and wall motion and 10 patients with prior infarction and regional dyssynergy. The second derivative of the time-activity curve of each pixel was generated and the maximal systolic value of the derivative for each pixel was displayed as a functional image (peak regional acceleration). Anterior and left anterior oblique views were evaluated for abnormalities and the presence and location of defects were correlated with the coronary anatomy. The scans from the 10 normal subjects were used to establish the normal range for regional second derivative values. Both gated blood pool scans and second derivative images showed regional abnormalities in all 10 patients with prior transmural infarction. Regional abnormalities were present in the second derivative images in the distribution of 17 of the 20 coronary arteries with greater than 50% stenosis; there were no regional abnormalities in the distribution of 7 of the 8 arteries with less than 50%n stenosis. In addition, regional second derivative image abnormalities were present in 15 of the 16 patients with unstable angina and normal wall motion and global ejection fraction. These 16 patients showed regional abnormalities on second derivative images in the distribution of 19 of the 23 coronary arteries with significant stenosis and no regional abnormalities in the distribution of 21 of the 23 coronary arteries without significant stenosis. These results suggest that time derivative functional images derived from gated blood pool scintigraphy at rest may provide improved sensitivity for detecting regional ventricular dysfunction and for localizing associated coronary artery lesions.
Magnetic orders and topological phases from f - d exchange in pyrochlore iridates

We study theoretically the effects of $f$-$d$ magnetic exchange interaction in the R${}_{2}$Ir${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$ pyrochlore iridates. The R${}^{3+}$ $f$ electrons form localized Kramers or non-Kramers doublets, while the Ir${}^{4+}$$d$ electrons are more itinerant and feel a strong spin-orbit coupling. We construct and analyze a minimal model capturing this physics, treating the Ir subsystem using a Hubbard-type model. First neglecting the Hubbard interaction, we find Weyl semimetal and Axion insulator phases induced by the $f$-$d$ exchange. Next, we find that $f$-$d$ exchange can cooperate with the Hubbard interaction to stabilize the Weyl semimetal over a larger region of parameter space than when it is induced by $d$-electron correlations alone. Applications to experiments are discussed.
Recent experimental advances in primordial nucleosynthesis

Abstract Several nuclear reactions have recently been measured which relate to the inhomogeneous models of primordial nucleosynthesis. These are the 8Li(α, n)11B, 8Li(d, n)9Be, and 8Li(d, t)7Li reactions. All three measurements require use of 8Li beams. The first used that from RIKEN's radioactive ion beam facility, while the second and third used that from the University of Notre Dame's facility. All three reactions are potentially important for predicting the primordial abundances of 11B and heavier nuclides in the inhomogeneous models.
Cosmeceuticals containing herbs: fact, fiction, and future

Background. Modern medicine is rooted in ethnobotanical traditions using indigenous flora to treat symptoms of human diseases or to improve specific aspects of the body condition. Herbal medicine is now used by over half of the American population. Yet the American medical community generally lacks knowledge of the function, metabolism, interaction, adverse reactions, and preparation of herbal products. Objective. Because over 60 botanicals are marketed in cosmeceutical formulations, dermatologists need to obtain working knowledge of the major botanicals. The preparation, traditional uses, mechanisms of action, human clinical data, adverse reactions, and interactions all impact herbal efficacy and are discussed below. Method. English-language medical journal and symposium searches. Results. The most important botanicals pertaining to dermatologic uses, such as cosmeceuticals, include teas, soy, pomegranate, date, grape seed, Pycnogenol, horse chestnut, German chamomile, curcumin, comfrey, allantoin, and aloe. All are documented to treat dermatologic conditions. Only green and black tea, soy, pomegranate, and date have published clinical trials for the treatment of parameters of extrinsic aging. Conclusions. Preparation of botanical-based cosmeceuticals is complex. Very few of these products are supported by evidence-based science. CARL THORNFELDT, MD, FAAD, HAS INDICATED NO SIGNIFICANT INTEREST WITH COMMERCIAL SUPPORTERS.
Situationism and the Neglect of Negative Moral Education

This paper responds to the recent situationist critique of practical rationality and decision-making. According to that critique, empirical evidence indicates that our choices (1) are governed by morally irrelevant situational factors and not durable character traits, and (2) rarely result from overt rational deliberation. This critique is taken to indicate that popular moral theories in the Western tradition (i.e., virtue ethics, Kantian ethics, and utilitarian ethics) are descriptively deficient, even if normatively plausible or desirable. But we believe that the situationist findings regarding the sources of, or influences over, our moral agency do not reflect durable features of human nature, and claim that these findings are a byproduct of a deficient approach to moral education. Existing models of moral education, which are “positive” in nature, do a poor job of developing virtuous people. Instead, we argue that a “negative” approach to moral education, traceable to Locke, Smith, and Rousseau, would be more successful. This strategy represents something of a compromise between the strategies adopted by thinkers like Rachana Kamtekar (Ethics: Int J Soc, Polit, Leg Phil 114 (3): 458–491 2004), who argues that traditional moral categories escape largely untouched by findings in social psychology, and John Doris (Nous 32(4):504–530 1998) and Gilbert Harman (Bus Ethics Q 13 (1): 87–94 2003), who argue that findings in psychology prove our traditional moral theories are defective.
EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION AND BLADE TENDERIZATION ON PALATABILITY OF BEEF LONGISSIMUS AND SEMIMEMBRANOSUS MUSCLES

The effect of electrical stimulation (ES) and/or blade tenderization (BT) on palatability of longissimus (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles from range-grazed and concentrate-fed steers were compared. Range-grazed steers graded lower and the steaks contained less fat and more moisture (P<0.05) than those from concentrate-fed steers. Broiled steaks from the range-grazed steers were less flavorful, less juicy, and less desirable overall than those from concentrate-fed steers (P<0.05). Nevertheless, tenderness of ES and BT treated steaks from range-grazed steers was comparable to steaks from concentrate-fed animals that had not been tenderized. Flavor and juiciness of LD muscle did not change with ES or BT treatments but flavor and juiciness of SM muscle decreased when combined ES and BT treatments were used.
Development and cross-resistance characteristics of a subline of P388 leukemia resistant to 4′-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide☆

Abstract A subline of P388 lymphocytic leukemia resistant to 4′-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) was obtained by serial i.p. passage of tumor cells in mice treated i.p. with m-AMSA. Partial resistance was evident following eleven transplant generations. Complete resistance to m-AMSA (
Effects of methoxamine and phenylephrine on left ventricular contractility in rabbits

The end-systolic pressure-volume relation is employed to evaluate left ventricular contractility. In clinical studies, pharmacologic vasoconstriction is used to increase left ventricular systolic pressure to assess pressure-volume relations. However, the effect of vasoconstrictors on the ventricular contractile state is not well characterized. The effects of methoxamine and phenylephrine on systemic arterial pressure and left ventricular contractility in rabbits were studied with three protocols. In protocol 1, anesthetized rabbits (n = 10) were injected with incremental doses of methoxamine and phenylephrine intravenously. Methoxamine (4 mg) increased the mean arterial pressure by 50 +/- 12% (mean +/- SE) (n = 5, p = 0.001). Phenylephrine (0.2 mg) increased mean arterial pressure by 82 +/- 14% (n = 5, p = 0.004). In protocol 2, isolated blood-perfused hearts were injected with incremental doses of these drugs in the ascending aorta in amounts approximately equal to the concentrations injected in the intact rabbits. Methoxamine (2 mg) reduced isovolumic peak systolic left ventricular pressure by 43 +/- 9% (n = 7, p = 0.003), whereas phenylephrine (0.1 mg) increased the isovolumic pressure by 24 +/- 9% (n = 7, p less than 0.05). These responses indicated an enhanced contractile state with phenylephrine and a reduced contractile state with methoxamine. Pretreatment with propranolol blunted the effect of phenylephrine on isovolumic pressure (n = 6, p less than 0.02). In protocol 3, cross-circulation experiments allowed study of the effect of these drugs on isovolumic left ventricular pressure in the isolated heart and simultaneously on the systemic arterial pressure in the intact anesthetized rabbit (support rabbit).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Smaug/SAMD4A restores translational activity of CUGBP1 and suppresses CUG-induced myopathy.

We report the identification and characterization of a previously unknown suppressor of myopathy caused by expansion of CUG repeats, the mutation that triggers Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1). We screened a collection of genes encoding RNA–binding proteins as candidates to modify DM1 pathogenesis using a well established Drosophila model of the disease. The screen revealed smaug as a powerful modulator of CUG-induced toxicity. Increasing smaug levels prevents muscle wasting and restores muscle function, while reducing its function exacerbates CUG-induced phenotypes. Using human myoblasts, we show physical interactions between human Smaug (SMAUG1/SMAD4A) and CUGBP1. Increased levels of SMAUG1 correct the abnormally high nuclear accumulation of CUGBP1 in myoblasts from DM1 patients. In addition, augmenting SMAUG1 levels leads to a reduction of inactive CUGBP1-eIF2α translational complexes and to a correction of translation of MRG15, a downstream target of CUGBP1. Therefore, Smaug suppresses CUG-mediated muscle wasting at least in part via restoration of translational activity of CUGBP1.
An ultra-low voltage digitally controlled low-dropout regulator with digital background calibration

In this paper, we describe a novel ultra-low voltage digitally controlled low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator offering digitally controllable dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for near/sub-threshold applications. We eliminate the reference voltage in conventional LDOs and adopt the reference clock that enables the proposed LDO to be controlled digitally. The analog components are replaced by digital counterparts which are able to operate at near/sub-threshold regime. Additionally, a digital background calibration scheme is proposed to minimize the regulated voltage errors due to process, voltage, and temperature (PVL) variations. The proposed LDO has been designed in a 90-nm regular Vt CMOS process and the active area is 0.038-mm2. The LDO can regulate the output voltage from 260-mV to 440-mV, while the input supply voltage is from 380-mV to 500-mV. It delivers 3-mA load current at a 500-mV input and the quiescent current is 30.8-µA. The current and power efficiencies reach 99.0% and 87.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the regulated output voltage of the proposed LDO is tunable digitally in run-time with various step sizes.
An analysis of unsteady one-dimensional stretching of a viscoelastic fluid

The time-dependent response of a viscoelastic liquid to unsteady one-dimensional stretching deformations was examined. Oldroyd's three-constant model for a viscoelastic fluid was used. Two cases representing two different stretching histories were analyzed: a sine stretching pulse and a step stretching pulse. The results show that high elongational viscosity may be easily reached in both cases. As the relaxation time of the liquid becomes comparable to the pulse width, elongational viscosity increases with the increase in maximum stretching rates. Conditions to maintain high levels of elongational viscosity at a subsequently reduced stretching rate were given as functions of the relaxation time and initial stretching rates. In view of recent turbulent boundary layer data, the results were used to discuss possible explanations of turbulent drag reduction in polymer solutions. It was concluded that the basic mechanisms for drag reduction in polymer soluations. It was concluded that the basic mechanisms for drag reducation may be related to the effects of high elongational viscosity and local stabilization of small shear disturbances.