cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the physical origin of galactic conformity

Correlations between the star formation rates (SFRs) of nearby galaxies (socalled galactic conformity) have been observed for projected separations up to 4 Mpc, an eect not predicted by current semi-analytic models. We investigate correlations between the mass accretion rates (dMvir=dt) of nearby halos as a potential physical origin for this eect. We nd that pairs of host halos \know about" each others’ assembly histories even when their present-day separation is greater than thirty times the virial radius of either halo. These distances are far too large for direct interaction between the halos to explain the correlation in their dMvir=dt: Instead, halo pairs at these distances reside in the same largescale tidal environment, which regulates dMvir=dt for both halos. Larger halos are less aected by external forces, which naturally gives rise to a mass dependence of the halo conformity signal. SDSS measurements of galactic conformity exhibit a qualitatively similar dependence on stellar mass, including how the signal varies with distance. Based on the expectation that halo accretion and galaxy SFR are correlated, we predict the scale-, mass- and redshift-dependence of large-scale galactic conformity, nding that the signal should drop to undetectable levels by z & 1. These predictions are testable with current surveys to z 1; conrmation would establish a strong correlation between dark matter halo accretion rate and central galaxy SFR.
Understanding Abandonments in the North American Southwest

The North American Southwest is renowned for its rich archaeological record. Thousands of prehistoric houses and ceremonial centers remain partially standing or form mounds that mark prehistoric villages that were once actively occupied and remain important to the descendants. The visibility of archaeological remains has sparked interest in questions of abandonment among archaeologists and the lay public. We explore reasons for this interest, how it is manifest in archaeological research, and how perception of that research influences popular views of the past and of native people. Our focus is on explanations for the causes of site and regional abandonment as well as on explications of the processes by which abandonments occur. Essential to our perspective is the view that abandonment is a process that involves decisions to move, which may be promoted by dire circumstances, but which are most often settlement strategies. The process of moving requires economic, social, and political decisions about the places from which people move and to which they move.
Molecular dynamics of contraction—relaxation

Recent findings bearing on the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction and relaxation are assessed. Among the questions considered are the segmental flexibility of myosin; the motion of crossbridges and the relation to force generation and elasticity; the validity of the steric blocking mechanism of regulation; and the identity of the elementary step controlled by Ca2+.
Prevalence of dural venous sinus stenosis and hypoplasia in a generalized population

Background and purpose While recent literature has described the prevalence of transverse sinus stenosis in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension, tinnitus, and refractory headaches, it is unclear what the prevalence is in the general population. This study evaluates the prevalence of venous sinus stenosis and hypoplasia in the general patient population. Materials and methods 355 of 600 consecutive patients who underwent CT angiography of the head met the inclusion criteria. The diameters of the dural venous sinuses were recorded. Each study was evaluated by a neuroradiologist for the presence of stenoses. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed by a statistician. Results The prevalence of unilateral transverse sinus stenosis or hypoplasia in a sample of patients representing the general population was 33%, the prevalence of bilateral transverse sinus stenosis was 5%, and the prevalence of unilateral stenosis with contralateral hypoplasia was 1%. A multivariate analysis identified arachnoid granulations as a predictor of stenosis (p Conclusions The prevalence of bilateral transverse sinus stenosis in the general population is not trivial. These data may be used as a reference for understanding the mechanistic role of stenoses in idiopathic intracranial hypertension, tinnitus, and refractory headaches.
Effect of Larval Density and Plant Age on Size and Biochemical Composition of Adult Migrant Moths, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Wet, dry, lipid, and protein weights of adult velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, decreased with increases in larval pigmentation, larval density, and plant age. Larval pigmentation and larval density did not affect the relative content (dry weight percent) of carbohydrate, lipid, or protein in adults. Plant age did not affect the relative content (dry weight percent) of carbohydrate and lipid in adults, but relative protein content declined significantly when larvae were fed physiologically mature soybean leaves. The observed linear relationships between the dry and wet weights and between the protein weight or lipid content and dry weight reflect the size-dependent nature of nutrient accumulation by the larvae.
The Complex Alpha-Spectra of Am 241 and Cm 242

The alpha-particle spectra of ${\mathrm{Am}}^{241}$ and ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{242}$ was studied in detail utilizing a 75-cm radius of curvature 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} symmetrical electromagnetic analyzer with photographic plate detection. The radioactive sources containing up to 3 \ensuremath{\mu}g/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ of active atoms in the case of ${\mathrm{Am}}^{241}$ were prepared by vacuum sublimation. The average geometry of the spectrograph is about 4 parts in ${10}^{5}$. The energy dispersion on the photographic plate is about 3.4 kev/mm for 5-Mev alpha-particles, and the width at half-maximum of these alpha-particle groups is about 7 kev. Six alpha-particle groups were found in ${\mathrm{Am}}^{241}$, and their energies and abundances are 5.546 Mev, 0.23 percent; 5.535, 0.34 percent; 5.503, 0.21 percent; 5.476, 84.2 percent; 5.433, 13.6 percent; 5.379, 1.42 percent. In ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{242}$ two alpha-particle groups were found whose energies and abundances are 6.110 Mev, 73 percent, and 6.064, 27 percent. The alpha-decay scheme is correlated with gamma-rays and conversion electrons observed in this laboratory for both ${\mathrm{Am}}^{241}$ and ${\mathrm{Cm}}^{242}$. The various alpha-groups are evaluated with respect to the alpha-decay systematics, and the degrees of hindrance of the various alpha-transitions are discussed with reference to normal trends in even-even nuclei. It is suggested that the totally different patterns of the spectra of the two nuclides are conditioned by the nuclear types.
Studies of the Epidemiology of Staphylococcal Infection

THE clinical course of staphylococcal disease may be affected by the number and virulence of the invading micro-organism, susceptibility of the infected host and the treatment given. Determinants of susceptibility are perhaps the least well understood of these factors. It is recognized, however, that certain patients, such as those with dermatitis and diabetes mellitus, are unduly susceptible to staphylococcal disease.1 , 2 Furthermore, reports of epidemics of nosocomial infections suggest that postoperative patients and newborn infants are peculiarly susceptible.2 3 4 5 6 7 It has been shown experimentally that starvation and the feeding of certain pharmacologically active substances, such as thyroxine and dinitrophenol, affect adversely the . . .
Installment Credit Principles Reconsidered

THE RECENT growth of installment selling in dollar volume and also in proportion of all retail sales is characterized by tendencies toward the lowering or elimination of down payments, the reduction or abandonment of carrying charges, and the lengthening of the credit period. The deferred payment technique is being extended to include non-durable or "soft" goods, and in an increasing number of department stores, under "store-wide" plans all items from notions on up are being sold on easy payments. The effort of installment sellers to reach lower and lower in the income scale is marked.
“Reconstructing a Sense of Self” Trauma and Coping Among Returned Women Survivors of Human Trafficking in Vietnam

Survivors of human trafficking who return to their community of origin must cope with the trauma they experienced as victims as well as the conditions that contributed to their trafficking vulnerabilities. In this article, I examine the psychosocial adjustment process among women survivors of trafficking who returned to Vietnam. Supplemented by participation observation, thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with survivors revealed that throughout the trafficking process, the women experienced multiple abuses and changes in relationships and environments. The women coped by navigating a process of "reconstructing a sense of self," seeking congruence between their self-understandings and the changing contextual factors while exhibiting three main coping strategies: regulating emotional expression and thought, creating opportunities within constraints, and relating to cultural schemas. The findings underscore the importance of considering contextual factors such as cultural norms and societal values in efforts to assist trafficked survivors reintegrate into their communities.
Unresolved questions regarding human hereditary deafness

Human hearing loss is a common neurosensory disorder about which many basic research and clinically relevant questions are unresolved. This review on hereditary deafness focuses on three examples considered at first glance to be uncomplicated, however, upon inspection, are enigmatic and ripe for future research efforts. The three examples of clinical and genetic complexities are drawn from studies of (i) Pendred syndrome/DFNB4 (PDS, OMIM 274600), (ii) Perrault syndrome (deafness and infertility) due to mutations of CLPP (PRTLS3, OMIM 614129), and (iii) the unexplained extensive clinical variability associated with TBC1D24 mutations. At present, it is unknown how different mutations of TBC1D24 cause non-syndromic deafness (DFNB86, OMIM 614617), epilepsy (OMIM 605021), epilepsy with deafness, or DOORS syndrome (OMIM 220500) that is characterized by deafness, onychodystrophy (alteration of toenail or fingernail morphology), osteodystrophy (defective development of bone), mental retardation, and seizures. A comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of each gene associated with human deafness is expected to provide future opportunities for restoration as well as preservation of normal hearing.
A Generalized Treatment of Heterogeneity Effects for the Shielding Factor Method

A practical method for self-shielding resonance cross sections for fast reactors with complex heterogeneity results in a multiregion equivalence relation that is identical in appearance to the conventional two-region equivalence relation. The effects of heterogeneity are accounted for in terms of material- and region-dependent escape cross sections. The escape cross sections are explicitly given in terms of the first-flight collision probabilities or transport coefficient. The formulation is well suited for use with the shielding factor method. A detailed validation of the heterogeneity calculations with the proposed formulation has been carried out for plate-type cells, and good agreement with Monte Carlo results has been obtained. Sensitivity studies were performed to compare the proposed multiregion heterogeneity treatment with conventional two-region treatments. The results suggest that it may be important to self-shield explicitly and heterogeneously all the fuel and structural materials in the analysis of fast critical assemblies.
S02-2 The strain index and risk of upper limb musculoskeletal disorders: results from the wistah hand study

The Strain Index (SI) is a widely used distal upper limb (DUL) physical exposure model that combines six putative risk factors (force, repetition, percent duration of exertion, hand/wrist posture, speed of work, shift duration) to provide a summary measure of risk. The aim of this study was to quantify exposure-response relationships between the SI and risk of DUL musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). A cohort of 536 manufacturing workers was followed for up to 5 years. At baseline, physical exposures were quantified using the SI. Changes to physical exposure were determine quarterly. Age, gender, BMI, and other relevant demographic, health, and psychosocial confounders were determine at baseline. MSD symptoms were evaluated monthly and electrodiagnostic studies and physical examinations were performed to identify incidence cases of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), lateral epicondylitis (LE), and trigger digit (TD). Exposure-response relationships were quantified using proportional hazards regression models with time-varying covariates. SI scores were modelled using linear splines. The SI showed statistically significant exposure-response relationships with each of the three disorders in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Adjusted, peak hazard ratios (HR) for CTS, LE, and TD were 5.9, 8.6, and 7.1 respectively. Confounders varied in importance between the disorders. The SI score was consistently associated with increased risk of CTS, LE. And TD regardless of the presence of confounders. This suggests that physical exposure is an important, independent risk factor for developing these occupational illnesses. The SI is a useful tool for quantifying risk of DUL MSDs from job physical exposures.
Self-Management Education Participation Among US Adults With Arthritis: Who's Attending?

Objective: Self-management education (SME) programs teach people with chronic conditions skills to manage their health conditions. We examined patterns in SME program participation among US adults with arthritis age ≥ 18 years. Methods: Respondents with arthritis were those who reported ever being diagnosed with arthritis by a doctor or health care provider. We analyzed 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to estimate: 1) percentage (unadjusted and age-standardized) who ever attended a SME program overall and for selected subgroups, 2) representativeness of SME participants relative to all adults with arthritis, and 3) trends in SME course participation. Results: In 2014, 1 in 9 US adults with arthritis (percentage=11.3; 95% CI=10.4-12.3); age-standardized percentage=11.4; [95% CI=10.0-12.9]) had ever participated in a SME program. SME participation (age-standardized) was highest among those with ≥ 8 health care provider visits in the past 12 months (16.0%; 95% CI=13.1 - 19.4). Since 2002, the number of adults with arthritis who have ever participated in SME has increased by 1.7 million but the percentage has remained constant. Conclusion: Despite its many benefits, SME participation among US adults with arthritis remains persistently low. By recommending that their patients attend SME programs, health care providers can increase the likelihood that their patients experience SME program benefits. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Advanced User Interfaces for Upper Limb Functional Electrical Stimulation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) paralyzes approximately 12,000 people each year in the United States. Individuals with an injury at and above the sixth cervical vertebra (C6) lose function in the upper and lower limbs. To provide greater independence to this population, the restoration of reaching and grasping movements is critically important. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is currently the only clinical approach for reanimating paralyzed muscles. The chapter starts by reviewing existing technologies for obtaining a control signal that is usable for a FES neuroprosthesis. This is followed by a discussion of the promise that recent advances in brain - machine interfaces (BMIs) hold for more natural user interfaces. Differences in the information content of potential signal sources suggest that enhanced control signals may be generated through an efficient combination of the available sources from each individual. Finally, the chapter discusses the relation between off-line decoder accuracy and online user performance.
Sovereignty and Security: 9/11, the Arab Spring, and ISIS

ISIS’ march across the Middle East illuminates the degree to which security and sovereignty mutually inform one another. Where one is lacking, the other will be found to be equally wanting. This chapter explores how these categories link to one another by using 9/11, the Arab Spring, and ISIS to make its case. Failed attempts at state building after 9/11 as surely as the toppling of autocratic sovereign regimes by way of the Arab Spring culminated in a security vacuum that was filled by ISIS in Iraq, Syria, and beyond. Outmoded policies to counter ISIS have been complicated by the failure to appreciate the role sovereignty plays in effecting security.
Abstract 874: Personal history of psoriasis and risk of incident cancer among women: the Nurses’ Health Study

Background: Psoriasis has long been hypothesized to pose an increased risk of cancer due to the chronic, inflammatory state induced by psoriasis. Most prior studies on psoriasis and cancer were based on clinical settings, and the interest has been remarkably focused on the association between systemic therapies, typically only used in moderate-to-severe psoriasis, and risk of psoriasis. The evidence linking psoriasis with cancer is still controversial and few data are available from prospective studies. We systemically examined the association between a personal history of psoriasis and risk of incident cancer (other than skin basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma). Methods and Findings: A total of 64,990 participants were included from the Nurses’ Health Study (1996-2012). Diagnoses of cancers were obtained by biannual self-reported questionnaires and all cancers were confirmed. Clinician-diagnosed psoriasis and diagnosis year were collected in 2008 and validated with a supplementary questionnaire. We included 2180 cases with psoriasis and most had mild disease (92%). During 957,359 person-years’ follow-up, 8,348 incident cancers were documented. We did not find an altered risk of total cancer associated with personal history of psoriasis (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.02; 95% CI: 0.89-1.17). However, for individual cancers, a personal history of psoriasis was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (HR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.20-3.12) and kidney cancer (HR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.27-4.92). The associations appeared stronger among psoriasis with 1 or more palm body surface area (BSA, P for trend 0.003 for melanoma and 0.0004 for kidney cancer), but remained significant even after exclusion of psoriasis with more than two palms’ BSA involvement. Conclusions: We suggest a positive association between a personal history of psoriasis and risk of melanoma and renal cancer, which appears not be entirely a result of greater medical scrutiny or use of systemic therapies. Citation Format: Wen-Qing Li, Jiali Han, Eunyoung Cho, Shaowei Wu, Hongji Dai, Martin Weinstock, Abrar Qureshi. Personal history of psoriasis and risk of incident cancer among women: the Nurses’ Health Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 874. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-874
High throughput in vivo functional validation of candidate congenital heart disease genes in Drosophila

Genomic sequencing has implicated large numbers of genes and de novo mutations as potential disease risk factors. A high throughput in vivo model system is needed to validate gene associations with pathology. We developed a Drosophila-based functional system to screen candidate disease genes identified from Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) patients. 134 genes were tested in the Drosophila heart using RNAi-based gene silencing. Quantitative analyses of multiple cardiac phenotypes demonstrated essential structural, functional, and developmental roles for more than 70 genes, including a subgroup encoding histone H3K4 modifying proteins. We also demonstrated the use of Drosophila to evaluate cardiac phenotypes resulting from specific, patient-derived alleles of candidate disease genes. We describe the first high throughput in vivo validation system to screen candidate disease genes identified from patients. This approach has the potential to facilitate development of precision medicine approaches for CHD and other diseases associated with genetic factors.
Microneedles in Drug Delivery

Abstract Transdermal drug delivery offers a number of advantages due to its minimally invasive and painless approach as well as the avoidance of first-pass drug metabolism and gastrointestinal degradation. However, most of the transdermal drug delivery systems face the challenges of low drug permeability across the skin. The outermost layer stratum corneum and the entire epidermis pose a significant barrier. To overcome this problem researchers have developed microneedles as therapeutic vehicles to transport drugs across the different layers of skin. After many decades of research, scientists have developed microfabrication technologies to fabricate microneedles of different size and types depending on the type of drug to be administered, injection site, and depth of skin where drug needs to be injected. The early development of microneedle produced solid microneedle for skin pretreatment to enhance drug permeation. Drug-coated microneedles dissolve in the skin upon application, dissolving microneedles encapsulating drug fully dissolve in the skin producing no sharp waste, and hollow microneedles can help drug infusion into the skin. Finally, advancement led to the development of hydrogel-forming microneedles with reservoir, it allows drug diffusion through swollen microneedles. This type of microneedle has been developed with an idea to overcome the disadvantages of previously developed devices. Microneedles have been successfully introduced in preclinical and clinical studies to deliver a wide range of drug molecules, including vaccines, small and large molecules, and biotherapeutics such as proteins, peptides, and hormones. In this chapter we have discussed the current microneedle devices and drug delivery systems.
Computer-Based Modeling in Materials Science

In principle, all materials science problems are easy to solve. One describes the system using quantum mechanical wave functions, solves the Schrodinger equation using the appropriate boundary conditions, and converts the result into the microscopic and/or macroscopic observables of interest. Unfortunately, carrying out this program is usually many orders of magnitude too difficult. As a result, various approximations and simplifications are introduced to obtain descriptions having the minimum complexity to describe a given class of phenomena. (A simple example is the treatment of lattice vibrations in solids using a ball-and-spring description.) Such a simplified description is called a model. Due to the complexity of virtually all problems concerning materials, it is fair to say that the use of models is ubiquitous in materials science. In many situations, however, models sufficiently complex to describe the phenomena of interest are too difficult to be solved analytically. The computer has played an essential role in obtaining descriptions of material behavior based on such complex models. Traditionally, the amount of computer power available has restricted such models to idealized problems, which are then used as prototypes for the actual problems. Recently, however, the role of modeling has expanded to include treatment of specific and realistic materials problems. Development of these new classes of applications has been driven by the tremendous increase in computer power which has become available to the average researcher. The increase in computer capacity has catalyzed implementation of more realistic descriptions of material response.
Unique potential of 4-1BB agonist antibody to promote durable regression of HPV + tumors when combined with an E6/E7 peptide vaccine (TUM2P.1016)

Antibody modulation of T cell co-inhibitory (e.g. CTLA-4) or co-stimulatory (e.g. 4-1BB) receptors promotes clinical responses to a variety of cancers. Therapeutic cancer vaccination, in contrast, has produced limited clinical benefit. The E6 and E7 onco-proteins of human papilloma virus drive the majority of genital and oropharyngeal cancers. We discovered 15-19 amino acid peptides from HPV16 E6/E7 for which T cell immunity correlates with disease-free survival in patients treated for high-grade cervical neoplasia. We report that intra-nasal vaccination with these peptides and the adjuvant alpha-galactosylceramide elicits systemic and mucosal T cell responses leading to reduced HPV + TC-1 tumor growth and prolonged survival in mice. We hypothesized that the inability of these T cells to fully reject established tumors resulted from suppression in the tumor which could be ameliorated through checkpoint modulation. Combining this vaccine with checkpoint blockade produced only modest benefit; however, co-administration with a 4-1BB agonist antibody promoted durable regression of 100% of established genital HPV + tumors. The vaccine/α4-1BB combination promoted the highest CD8 + versus regulatory FoxP3 + T cell ratios, elicited much higher infiltration by E7-specific CTL, and evoked higher densities of highly cytotoxic TcEO CD8 (>70-fold) and ThEO CD4 (>17-fold) phenotype T cells. Activation of 4-1BB may have a unique capacity to potentiate therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Rediscovery of Pseudosinopla canaliculus (Reed, 1898) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Acanthosomatidae) with comments on its tribal classification and biogeography of South American Blaudusini

Although the knowledge of South American Acanthosomatidae has increased in the past decade, still little is known about the features or natural history of several genera. Pseudosinopla canaliculus (Reed, 1898) is a rare Acanthosomatid, known so far only from its type. In this work, rediscovery of P. canaliculus in the regions Araucania and Los Rios in Chile is reported. Part of the internal female genitalia is described. The classification of Pseudosinopla within the Acanthosomatidae is analyzed resulting in the genus being transferred from the Lanopini to Blaudusini. Additionally, the biogeography and phylogenetic relationships of the group are discussed. It is hypothesized that Pseudosinopla forms part of a Gondwanian relict. And that similarly to other heteropterans, the association among several acanthosomatids with Nothofagus Blume forests has shaped the evolutionary patterns of the group. Finally, a nomenclatural note on the Blaudusinae is provided.
HEAD OF THE LINE ARBITRATION OF PACKET SWITCHES WITH INPUT AND OUTPUT QUEUEING

A single-stage non-blocking N × N packet switch is considered. Data units may be stored before switching at the inputs as well as after switching at the outputs. A modest output buffering capacity is intended to achieve high throughput, whereas an additional input buffering capacity keeps losses due to input buffer overflow reasonably low. The paper studies the impact on performance of the head of the line arbitration policy, i.e. the sequence which is used to transfer data units from the heads of input queues to each output queue. The investigation is based on two performance measures: the average delay and the maximum throughput of the switch. Closed-form expressions for the FCFS and the LCFS policies are obtained. The result of the average delay with the FCFS policy leads to a lower bound and with the LCFS policy to an upper bound for the average delay corresponding to an arbitrary policy. It is shown that the maximum throughput does not depend on the head of the line arbitration policy. It depends only on the output buffer size and the packet size distribution. The cases of fixed and exponentially distributed packet sizes are studied.
Managing iPads with Apple Configurator

In this chapter, we’ll look at how to use the Apple Configurator app to configure iPads automatically. We’ll start with a quick overview of what you can do with the app. We’ll get the app downloaded, installed, and configured on your Mac, and then work through the actions it enables you to take. These actions include connecting and updating iPads, organizing and sorting them, backing them up, and restoring them. You’ll see how to prepare the iPads for deployment, build configuration profiles and apply them to iPads, and create templates called blueprints and apply them to iPads.
Abstract 15911: Essential Role of MicroRNA-21 in Hydrogen Sulfide-induced Protection against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Background: Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through activation of Akt. Since Ser473/Thr308 phosphorylation of Akt induces microRNA (miR-21) in the heart, we speculated that H 2 S would also induce myocardial miR-21 and protect against I/R injury as well. Methods and Results: Adult C57BL wild-type or miR-21 knock-out (KO) mice were treated with vehicle (saline) or the H 2 S donor, Na 2 S, (100 μg/kg, ip) 1 h before 30 min ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion. To test reperfusion therapy with H 2 S, Na 2 S (100 μg/kg, iv) or vehicle were administered at the onset of reperfusion in another subset of mice. After reperfusion, LV function was monitored by echocardiography and infarct size (IS) was measured by TTC staining. MiR-21 expression was assessed with qPCR 1h after treatment. Na 2 S increased miR-21 in wild-type mice (2.8-Fold, P 2 S when given as a preconditioning mimetic (Fig. A) or as reperfusion therapy (Fig. B) compared to vehicle. The infarct-limiting effect of Na 2 S was abolished in the miR-21 KO mice in both treatment scenarios. Moreover, Na 2 S preserved fractional shortening (FS: 30±2.8%) as compared to the control (17±1.8%, P 2 S was absent in miR-21 KO mice in both cases (FS: 14±2.1% and 17±1%, respectively). Conclusion: : Hydrogen sulfide reduces myocardial infarct size and preserves LV function through miR-21-dependent pathway. We propose that H 2 S might be a novel strategy to up-regulate miR-21 for its therapeutic use against I/R injury and other cardiovascular diseases.
Elementary Practical Troubleshooting Methods

In the early days of electroencephalography, a person wanting to take an EEG frequently had to play the role of an electrical engineer and electronic technician, as well as an all-around mechanic. The EEG machines in the 1930s through early 1950s were often makeshift, home-made rigs that were unreliable and sometimes temperamental — or so it seemed. It was not uncommon to interrupt an EEG recording to correct some malfunction caused by a noisy or microphonic vacuum tube or a discharged or leaky battery, or to eliminate an artifact produced by the corroded contacts on a switch or connector. Because 60-Hz notch filters and amplifiers with high common-mode rejection were not yet available, 60 Hz artifact was a constant source of harassment. Such problems, it can be imagined, made the outcome of a recording session uncertain.
R&D Research/Demonstration Greenhouse Using Methane Gas from a Landfill for Co-Generation

A research/demonstration greenhouse for the production of greenhouse tomatoes using the single truss tomato production system (STTPS) has been designed and erected in Florence, New Jersey, at the Burlington County Resource Recovery Facility. The facility will demonstrate the potential for using methane gas from landfills or other sources for heating and lighting to maximize crop production while minimizing energy costs. The main greenhouse is 76.97 meters long with 7 bays at 10.97 m with each bay being 51.81 m long. The headhouse is 14.6 m wide and 62.2 m long is placed between the main greenhouse area and a 10.97 m wide and 27.4 m long nursery facility. Tomatoes grown on transportable benches are moved to the workers for pruning, inspection and harvest. Hives of bees provide pollination. Supplemental lighting is provided by 430 watt HID (high intensity discharge) high-pressure sodium lamps. Power will be supplied to the lights by a 300 KW co-generation unit operating on methane gas produced by the adjacent landfill. Rejected heat from the co-generation engine will be stored in the floor. A floor heating system and overhead 50 mm hot water steel pipe provide heating. Ventilation is accomplished through electric fans and a calibrated and screened inlet ventilation window. Evaporative cooling is also provided by a high pressure fog system. Currently 3 bays are glazed with glass and 4 bays are glazed with two layers of polyethylene film.
Personal Schemas in the Negotiation Process: A Cognitive Therapy Approach

It is inevitable that at some point individuals will recognize that they may have conflicting interests with one another. These apparently incompatible differences may lead to an attempt to reconcile the differences so that some agreement may be reached. This is the process of negotiation. It affects all areas of our lives. We may negotiate the price of a car, the rent we pay, the hours and tasks we work on, the division of labor in our families, access to sexual pleasure, a parking space, and a replacement of a side dish on the blue-plate special. But negotiation also can be a matter of life or death, such as the negotiation of a treaty to avoid armed conflict or the reduction of genocidal warfare.
Statistics Becomes a Distinct Discipline

Francis Bisset Hawkins’s Elements of Medical Statistics was the first book in English concerned solely with medical statistics. Printed in 1829, it is, according to Greenwood (1943), a slender volume that is similar in format and size to the Principles of Medical Statistics published a little more than a century later by Sir Austin Bradford Hill. Some of the methods still used today were described before 1829 and were reported by Hawkins.
Intramedullary Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures Using CAGE-DR Implant

Purpose CAGE-DR implant is a novel Food and Drug Administration approved intramedullary fracture fixation device used for distal radius fractures. We examine a series of 22 patients and report the outcomes with this device. Materials and Methods A total of 24 patients with distal radius fractures (8 articular AO type C1/C2; 16 extra-articular AO type A2/A3) underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using CAGE-DR implant by a single surgeon. Data including fracture type, angle of displacement, radiographic consolidation, grip strength, wrist range of motion (ROM), patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores were recorded at time of surgery and at standard follow-up. Results All 24 patients underwent uneventful ORIF. At first follow-up visit (9 days), all patients had full digital ROM (measured as 0 cm tip-to-palm distance). Two patients were lost to follow-up. Eighteen of the remaining 22 patients had sufficient radiographic follow-up and all 18 demonstrated healing. At latest follow-up (mean 9.7 months, range, 3–20), VAS pain scores averaged 0.6 (range, 0–8) and PRWE averaged 12.1 (range, 0–53.5). Grip strength of the operated hand averaged 58 lbs (range, 20–130). ROM included: wrist flexion 73° (50–95), wrist extension 78° (60–110), pronation 77° (60–90), supination 79° (60–90), ulnar deviation 31° (5–45), and radial deviation 17° (10–30). Three patients underwent screw removal to prevent tendon irritation. One patient underwent hardware removal due to prominence on imaging but was asymptomatic. There were otherwise no major complications, including complex regional pain syndrome, in the series to date. Conclusion The CAGE-DR fracture fixation system is a promising alternative to established methods of distal radius internal fixation. This series has a low reported pain score starting immediately postoperatively and a low complication rate. This novel device is a promising option for internal fixation of displaced distal radius fractures with a low complication profile. Level of Evidence This is a level IV, therapeutic study.
Effects in rats of adolescent exposure to cannabis smoke or THC on emotional behavior and cognitive function in adulthood

Cannabis use is common among adolescents and some research suggests that adolescent cannabis use increases the risk for depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairments in adulthood. In human studies, however, confounds may affect the association between cannabis use and the development of brain disorders. These experiments investigated the effects of adolescent exposure to either cannabis smoke or THC on anxiety- and depressive-like behavior and cognitive performance in adulthood in Long-Evans rats. Adolescent rats of both sexes were exposed to either cannabis smoke from postnatal days (P) 29–49 or ascending doses of THC from P35–45. When the rats reached adulthood (P70), anxiety-like behavior was investigated in the large open field and elevated plus maze, depressive-like behavior in the sucrose preference and forced swim tests, and cognitive function in the novel object recognition test. Despite sex differences on some measures in the open field, elevated plus maze, forced swim, and novel object recognition tests, there were no effects of either adolescent cannabis smoke or THC exposure, and only relatively subtle interactions between exposure conditions and sex, such that sex differences on some performance measures were slightly attenuated. Neither cannabis smoke nor THC exposure during adolescence produced robust alterations in adult behavior after a period of abstinence, suggesting that adverse effects associated with adolescent cannabis use might be due to non-cannabinoid concomitants of cannabis use.
CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing in human cells occurs via the Fanconi anemia pathway

CRISPR–Cas genome editing creates targeted DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that are processed by cellular repair pathways, including the incorporation of exogenous DNA via single-strand template repair (SSTR). To determine the genetic basis of SSTR in human cells, we developed a coupled inhibition-cutting system capable of interrogating multiple editing outcomes in the context of thousands of individual gene knockdowns. We found that human Cas9-induced SSTR requires the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway, which is normally implicated in interstrand cross-link repair. The FA pathway does not directly impact error-prone, non-homologous end joining, but instead diverts repair toward SSTR. Furthermore, FANCD2 protein localizes to Cas9-induced DSBs, indicating a direct role in regulating genome editing. Since FA is itself a genetic disease, these data imply that patient genotype and/or transcriptome may impact the effectiveness of gene editing treatments and that treatments biased toward FA repair pathways could have therapeutic value.
The influence of multimedia development knowledge and workplace pressures on the design decisions of the instructional designer

This study explored the interaction of multimedia production competencies of expert and novice instructional designers on the design decisions made during the instructional design process/workflow. This multiple measures study used qualitative survey instruments to access and measure the production competencies of participants, then a design aloud protocol to capture and measure the instructional design decision-making process for those same participants. A follow-on interview after the initial design aloud session was conducted in order to triangulate and confirm any trends or findings uncovered during the earlier design aloud session. Ultimately, the objective of this study was to provide some evidence that suggests whether certain production skills are influencing instructional design decision-making. Employer influence on the instructional designer’s decision-making was also explored. Results indicated that a substantial number of instructional designers (n = 30) who participated in this study were selecting media as a preliminary step in their workflow process, and were often then using analysis as a measure to confirm the early media selection. Expert instructional designers appeared to be less susceptible to the early media selection behavior, though not immune. Results indicate that one reason the expert instructional designers were less likely to adopt media as a preliminary instructional design step was that the experts conducted a more diverse set of analysis activities. Additionally, results indicated that instructional designers were often experiencing pressure to adopt media based on employer demands, and project constraints such as budget and time.
High Confidence Identification of Cross-Linked Peptides by an Enrichment-Based Dual Cleavable Cross-Linking Technology and Data Analysis tool Cleave-XL.

Cleavable cross-linking technology requires further MS/MS of the cleavable fragments for unambiguous identification of cross-linked peptides. These spectra are sometimes very ambiguous due to the s...
Adapting a fatigue model for shoulder flexion fatigue: Enhancing recovery rate during intermittent rest intervals.

Abstract Although the rotator cuff muscles are susceptible to fatigue, shoulder fatigue studies reporting torque decline during intermittent tasks are relatively uncommon in the literature. A previous modification to the three-compartment controller (3CC) fatigue model incorporated a rest recovery multiplier (3CC-r model) to represent augmented blood flow to muscle during rest intervals ( Looft et al., 2018 ). A rest recovery value of r = 15 was optimal for ankle, knee, and elbow joint regions, whereas r = 30 was better for hand/grip muscles. However, shoulder torque decline data was unavailable in the literature for comparison. Thus, the purpose of this study was to collect fatigue data for two different intermittent, isometric shoulder flexion fatiguing tasks and assess the 3CC-r model with r = 15 or 30 compared to the original 3CC model. Twenty healthy participants (9 M) completed two fatigue tasks: 50% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) with 50% duty cycle (DC) and 70% MVC with 70% DC. MVCs were assessed at discrete time points (1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 min) until endurance time (MET). Mean observed percent torque decline (%TD) for the two tasks were compared to three model estimates: 3CC-r (using r = 15 and r = 30) and 3CC. Using these data, we confirmed that the addition of a rest multiplier (r = 15 somewhat better than r = 30) substantially improved predictions of shoulder fatigue using a previously validated analytical fatigue model (3CC). The relatively large reduction in model errors over the original model suggests the importance of representing augmented recovery during rest periods.
Mitigation Policies and Emergency Care Management in Europe's Ground Zero for COVID-19

This paper draws from daily death registry data on 4,000 Italian municipalities to investigate two crucial policies that can dramatically affect the toll of COV
A Thermostable, Flexible RNA Vaccine Delivery Platform for Pandemic Response

Current RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are limited by instability of both the RNA and the lipid nanoparticle delivery system, requiring storage at -20°C or -70°C and compromising universally accessible vaccine distribution. This study demonstrates the thermostability and adaptability of a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) RNA vaccine delivery system for use in pandemic preparedness and pandemic response. Liquid NLC is stable at refrigerated temperatures for ≥ 1 year, enabling stockpiling and rapid deployment by point-of-care mixing with any vaccine RNA. Alternatively, NLC complexed with RNA may be readily lyophilized and stored at room temperature for ≥ 8 months or refrigerated temperature for ≥ 21 months. This thermostable RNA vaccine platform could significantly improve distribution of current and future pandemic response vaccines, particularly in low-resource settings.
Task Management for Cooperative Mobile Edge Computing

This paper investigates the task management for cooperative mobile edge computing (MEC), where a set of geographically distributed heterogeneous edge nodes not only cooperate with remote cloud data centers but also help each other to jointly process tasks and support real-time IoT applications at the edge of the network. Especially, we address the challenges in optimizing assignment of the tasks to the nodes under dynamic network environments when the task arrivals, node computing capabilities, and network states are nonstationary and unknown a priori. We propose a novel stochastic framework to model the interactions of the involved entities, including the edge-to-edge horizontal cooperation and the edge-to-cloud vertical cooperation. The task assignment problem is formulated and the algorithm is developed based on online reinforcement learning to optimize the performance for task processing while capturing various dynamics and heterogeneities of node computing capabilities and network conditions with no requirement for prior knowledge of them. Further, by leveraging the structure of the underlying problem, a post-decision state is introduced and a function decomposition technique is proposed, which are incorporated with reinforcement learning to reduce the search space and computation complexity. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed online learning-based scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art benchmark algorithms.
Work–Family Conflict’s Association With the Work Attitudes of Job Involvement, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment Among Southern Prison Staff:

Prisons depend on their employees, and staffing a prison is expensive. Approximately 80% of a prison’s budget is for staff wages and benefits. Prisons are not generally viewed as desirable places t...
Multi-Object Tracking Analysis

In situ microscopes are capable of imaging the transient dynamics of material processes at the nano-scale spatial resolution. The resulting material images contain the structures of material objects that change over the course of a material process. If one is interested in knowing how a population of material objects is collectively evolved in their sizes and shapes, a probability distribution function of the shapes and sizes ought to be tracked. Towards that objective, dynamic size distribution tracking is discussed in Chap. 7, whereas dynamic shape distribution tracking is the focus of Chap. 8. These distribution tracking methods are appropriate for characterizing the thermodynamic aspect of an overall material process, describing the behavior of a system containing a large number of material objects. But distribution tracking does not answer some other questions critical to material discovery, e.g., why do the size and shape distributions change as tracked, how do individual material objects evolve over time, and what type of chemical kinetics drives the evolution? If one is interested in explaining individualized evolutions or in learning the relationship between the chemical kinetics and the evolution process, then the temporal sequences of sizes, shapes, or other structural measures need to be tracked for individual material objects, in order to provide an in-depth analysis of the individual sequences. Such analysis is referred to as the multi-object tracking analysis. This chapter presents a detailed investigation on the topic of object tracking based on dynamic imaging measurements.