cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mohr Construction in the Analysis of Large Geologic Strain

A semigraphical method of analysis of large strain based on Nadai9s strain components and utilizing a Mohr construction is outlined for problems of interest in structural geology. Finite homogeneous strain theory is applicable to measurement and analysis of strains from geologic features small enough to be included within regions of homogeneous strain. Use of this theory and of the strain ellipsoid and its properties implies nothing about isotropy or homogeneity of the rocks or about the stress-strain relation during deformation, and therefore its application is valid over a much wider range of phenomena than most geologists realize. Strain can be measured, and under favorable conditions the principal strain axes can be determined, by using not only the familiar ooids, pebbles, and crinoid columnals but also a large group of fossil remains and impressions and primary sedimentary structures. The most useful features are single linear elements in which extension can be measured; the next most useful are groups of three directions of known original relative orientation, and the least useful are originally perpendicular line elements. Under ideal and unusual conditions volume change can be measured. Examples of strain analysis are worked out in detail to illustrate both the versatility and limitations of the method.
Major Trends in the Imaging Sciences: 2007 Eugene P. Pendergrass New Horizons Lecture

Editor’s Note: The video recording of Dr Zerhouni’s 2007 Eugene P. Pendergrass New Horizons Lecture, complete with audio, images, and movies, is available for viewing at http: //www.rsna.org/GeneralSessions /Zerhouni/index.html. This article is a slightly abridged version of the lecture.
Exact rotamer optimization for protein design

Computational methods play a central role in the rational design of novel proteins. The present work describes a new hybrid exact rotamer optimization (HERO) method that builds on previous dead-end elimination algorithms to yield dramatic performance enhancements. Measured on experimentally validated physical models, these improvements make it possible to perform previously intractable designs of entire protein core, surface, or boundary regions. Computational demonstrations include a full core design of the variable domains of the light and heavy chains of catalytic antibody 48G7 FAB with 74 residues and 10^(128) conformations, a full core/boundary design of the β1 domain of protein G with 25 residues and 10^(53) conformations, and a full surface design of the β1 domain of protein G with 27 residues and 10^(60) conformations. In addition, a full sequence design of the β1 domain of protein G is used to demonstrate the strong dependence of algorithm performance on the exact form of the potential function and the fidelity of the rotamer library. These results emphasize that search algorithm performance for protein design can only be meaningfully evaluated on physical models that have been subjected to experimental scrutiny. The new algorithm greatly facilitates ongoing efforts to engineer increasingly complex protein features.
The impact of buccal corridors on smile attractiveness

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of various sized buccal corridors (BCs) on smile attractiveness. One female smiling photograph, displaying first molar to first molar (M1–M1), was digitally altered to produce (1) smiles that filled 84, 88, 92, 96, and 100 per cent of the oral aperture; (2) second premolar to second premolar smiles (PM2–PM2) that filled 84, 88, 92, and 96 per cent of the oral aperture; and (3) smiles with asymmetrical BC that filled 88, 90, 94, and 96 per cent of the oral aperture. The 18 smiles produced were evaluated by 82 orthodontists (70 males and 12 females) and 94 laypeople (40 males and 54 females). Paired t -tests were used to evaluate differences within the orthodontist and laypeople groups: independent t -tests were used to compare the two groups. The effect of age and gender on the ratings was evaluated by two-way analysis of variance. Orthodontists and laypeople rated smiles with small BCs as significantly ( P < 0.05) more attractive than those with large BCs. Orthodontists rated M1–M1 smiles as more attractive than PM2–PM2 smiles, whereas laypeople preferred PM2–PM2 smiles. Orthodontists rated only two of eight asymmetrical smiles as less attractive than would be expected for symmetrical smiles with similar arch widths; laypeople did not rate any asymmetrical smiles as less attractive than would be expected. Rater age and gender did not significantly influence the impact of BCs on smile attractiveness.
Overview and status of the power conditioning system for the National Ignition Facility

Summary form only given, as follows. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) power conditioning system (PCS) is a modular capacitive energy storage system that provides over 34 kilojoules of energy to each of the nearly 8000 flashlamps in the NIF laser. Up to 400 megajoules of energy can be stored in the NIF PCS system, discharged through spark gaps and delivered to the flashlamps through a coaxial transmission line system requiring nearly 100 miles of high-voltage cable. The NIF PCS has been under development for nearly 4 years. During this time, the system was developed and designed by Sandia National Laboratory in Albuquerque (SNLA) in conjunction with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Extensive reliability testing was performed at the FANTM test facility at SNLA and design improvements were implemented based on FANTM test results, leading to the final design presently undergoing system reliability testing at LLNL. Low-cost energy-storage capacitors, charging power supplies and reliable, fault-tolerant components were developed through partnerships with numerous contractors. Extensive reliability and fault testing of components has also been performed. This paper will provide an overview of the many efforts that have culminated in the final design of the NIF PCS. The PCS system design will be described and the cost tradeoffs discussed. Plans for fabrication and installation of the NIF PCS system over the next 6 years will be presented.
Open universes from finite radius bubbles

The interior of a vacuum bubble in de Sitter space may give an open universe with sufficient homogeneity to agree with observations. Here, previous work by Bucher, Goldhaber, and Turok is extended to describe a thin bubble wall with a nonzero radius and energy difference across the wall. The vacuum modes present before the formation of the bubble propagate into the interior of the open universe and the power spectrum of the resulting gauge-invariant gravitational potential is calculated. It appears to become scale invariant on small scales, with the onset at about the same scale as that found in the zero radius case. There is sensitivity to the radius and energy difference at large scales, but it is expected that they cannot be strongly constrained because of cosmic variance. The prediction of a scale invariant spectrum seems to be robust with respect to variation of these parameters at small scales, and apparently is a generic feature of the contribution of these modes for these thin wall models.
Left Facial Mass in an Elderly Man

Atypical fibroxanthoma is a cutaneous tumor of fibro-blastic/myofibroblastic origin that typically occurs on sun-exposed skin of the head and neck of adults. Although atypical fibroxanthoma has a "malignant" histologic appearance, it typically follows a benign clinical course. Recurrences are common, but metastasizing atypical fibroxanthoma is rare. We present a case of atypical fibroxanthoma on the left side of the face of an elderly man that subsequently metastasized to an ipsilateral intraparotid lymph node.
Anticipatory Life Cycle Analysis of In Vitro Biomass Cultivation for Cultured Meat Production in the United States.

Cultured, or in vitro, meat consists of edible biomass grown from animal stem cells in a factory, or carnery. In the coming decades, in vitro biomass cultivation could enable the production of meat without the need to raise livestock. Using an anticipatory life cycle analysis framework, the study described herein examines the environmental implications of this emerging technology and compares the results with published impacts of beef, pork, poultry, and another speculative analysis of cultured biomass. While uncertainty ranges are large, the findings suggest that in vitro biomass cultivation could require smaller quantities of agricultural inputs and land than livestock; however, those benefits could come at the expense of more intensive energy use as biological functions such as digestion and nutrient circulation are replaced by industrial equivalents. From this perspective, large-scale cultivation of in vitro meat and other bioengineered products could represent a new phase of industrialization with in...
Preoperative Duplex Scanning is a Helpful Diagnostic Tool in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic role of venous and arterial duplex scanning in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (NTOS).Methods:Retrospective review of patients who underwent duplex ultrason...
Contributions of ancestral inter-species recombination to the genetic diversity of extant Streptomyces lineages

Streptomyces species produce many important antibiotics and have a crucial role in soil nutrient cycling. However, their evolutionary history remains poorly characterized. We have evaluated the impact of homologous recombination on the evolution of Streptomyces using multi-locus sequence analysis of 234 strains that represent at least 11 species clusters. Evidence of inter-species recombination is widespread but not uniform within the genus and levels of mosaicism vary between species clusters. Most phylogenetically incongruent loci are monophyletic at the scale of species clusters and their subclades, suggesting that these recombination events occurred in shared ancestral lineages. Further investigation of two mosaic species clusters suggests that genes acquired by inter-species recombination may have become fixed in these lineages during periods of demographic expansion; implicating a role for phylogeography in determining contemporary patterns of genetic diversity. Only by examining the phylogeny at the scale of the genus is apparent that widespread phylogenetically incongruent loci in Streptomyces are derived from a far smaller number of ancestral inter-species recombination events.
Patterning Cylindrical Fibers with Long-Range Electrostatic Forces

We report our findings with theoretical arguments on chiral symmetry breaking on the surface of charged cylinders. We use a model for periodic patterns of charges constrained over a cylindrical surface. In particular we focus on patterns of oriented lamellar patterns, such as, chiral helices, achiral rings or vertical lamellae, with the constraint of global electroneutrality. We study the dependence of the patterns' size and pitch angle on the radius of the cylinder and salt concentration. We obtain a phase diagram by using numerical and analytic techniques. For pure Coulomb interactions, we find a ring phase for small radii and a chiral helical phase for larger radii. We extend the findings to discrete triangular lattices wrapped over a cylindrical geometry. We find no symmetry breaking chiral helical phase in the discrete wrapping when using just an electrostatic potential and the minimum energy configuration is an achiral lattice matching the six-fold symmetry of triangular lattice. Conversely, with the addition of an elastic potential between the charges on the surface of the cylinder we find a stable chiral configuration. We discuss possible consequences and generalizations of our model.
Community College and Community Leader Expectations of the “Village”

A level of consistency between community college leaders and community leaders is necessary to demonstrate behaviors, actions, and beliefs that shape, represent, and support expected community values. Likewise, communities, which are collectives of suborganizations, play an important role in aiding individual development, especially related to educational attainment. This study sought to understand ways in which community college leaders and community leaders demonstrate behaviors, actions, and beliefs that shape, represent, and support community values, particularly the influence on an individual's acceptance of formalized education and continued education beyond compulsory schooling. Data were collected from 113 mayors and community college presidents/deans around the United States. Analysis of the data indicated five types of actions consistent among the two groups including the promotion of civic involvement, community growth and development, economic development, well-being of citizens, and value of ...
Myths and Miscreants

This chapter covers 2 forces that slow our progress to improve healthcare delivery: (1) misconceptions about quality improvement (“myths”), and (2) nonadopter behaviors performed by nonadopters (“miscreants,” in its broadest sense of nonbelievers). Dispelling the myths to understand about how innovations actually spread through human systems is critical to improvement. Understanding nonadaptors who undermine innovation by their very nature is as well.
Fluid resuscitation in the intensive care unit.

to the editor: The Saline versus Albumin Fluid Evaluation (SAFE) Study (May 27 issue) 1 debunks a 1998 meta-analysis associating albumin with increased mortality in critical care populations. 2 Regrettably, this trial may spawn a new misconception: that albumin and saline are equivalent for resuscitating a heterogeneous mix of patients in intensive care units. Patients with trauma are generally young and healthy and should not be grouped for evaluation with older patients without trauma, many of whom have preexisting cardiopulmonary disease. The incidence of pulmonary edema is low in patients with hemorrhagic trauma, and studies have not demonstrated a benefit of albumin over saline. 3 Consequently, crystalloids are the accepted standard for volume replacement in patients with trauma. 4
Chapter 8 – Safety and Toxicology

Safety is a major factor in determining whether or not a candidate compound may be employed in a clinical setting. The negative pharmacological actions of a compound are the result of interactions of the candidate compound with a biomolecule. As a result, structure activity relationships can be built in an effort to eliminate these undesired interactions. In some cases, in vitro screening methods are available, while in other cases, in vivo assessment is required. Removing all potential safety risks is rarely possible, and in most cases, it is necessary to determine the therapeutic index of a candidate compound in order to assess the relative risk of moving forward. Identifying potential “red flags” as early as possible can significantly decrease program costs and increased overall efficiency in the drug discovery process.
Take the HEAT: A pilot study on improving communication with angry families

Abstract Objective Our objective was to evaluate the utility of an educational program consisting of a workshop based on the Take the HEAT communication strategy, designed specifically for addressing patients who are angry, using a novel tool to evaluate residents’ skills in employing this method. Methods 33 first-year pediatric and internal medicine-pediatrics residents participated in the study. The workshop presented the Take the HEAT (Hear, Empathize, Apologize, Take action) strategy of communication. Communication skills were assessed through standardized patient encounters at baseline and post-workshop. Encounters were scored using a novel assessment tool. Results After the workshop, residents’ Take the HEAT communication improved from baseline total average score 23.15 to total average score 25.36 (Z = −3.428, p Conclusion First-year pediatric trainees’ communication with angry families improved with education focused on the Take the HEAT strategy. Poor performance by residents in demonstrating empathy should be explored further. Practice implications This study demonstrates the utility of a brief communications curriculum aimed at improving pediatric residents' ability to communicate with angry families.
"Hands up, don't shoot!": HRI and the automation of police use of force

This paper considers the ethical challenges facing the development of robotic systems that deploy violent and lethal force against humans. While the use of violent and lethal force is not usually acceptable for humans or robots, police officers are authorized by the state to use violent and lethal force in certain circumstances in order to keep the peace and protect individuals and the community from an immediate threat. With the increased interest in developing and deploying robots for law enforcement tasks, including robots armed with weapons, the question arises as to how to design human-robot interactions (HRIs) in which violent and lethal force might be among the actions taken by the robot, or whether to preclude such actions altogether. This is what I call the "deadly design problem" for HRI. While it might be possible to design a system to recognize various gestures, such as "Hands up, don't shoot!," there are many more challenging and subtle aspects to the problem of implementing existing legal guidelines for the use of force in law enforcement robots. After examining the key legal and technical challenges of designing interactions involving violence, this paper concludes with some reflections on the ethics of HRI design raised by automating the use of force in policing. In light of the serious challenges in automating violence, it calls upon HRI researchers to adopt a moratorium on designing any robotic systems that deploy violent and lethal force against humans, and to consider ethical codes and laws to prohibit such systems in the future.
SUMO Teams Up with a Translocase to Save TOPO.

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Wei et al. (2017) report how a DNA translocase uses SUMO as a cue to save Top2 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation and to minimize DNA breaks, thus providing insights into the SUMO and ubiquitin interplay in genome maintenance.
Agricultural Marketing Research at the University of Chicago

IKE much of the current research in the marketing of agricultural products, the "Chicago project" is concerned with marketing efficiency. To be more specific, we are attempting to: (1) draw the outlines of a concept of marketing efficiency which is consistent with (and hence derived from) widely agreed objectives of economic policy; (2) apply this concept to a determination of the extent to which too few or too many resources are employed in producing marketing services; (3) identify the factors which tend to reduce the efficiency of the marketing system below its maximum (with given preferences and available resources and technology), noting particularly the influences which might be altered by public policy; and (4) describe (largely by means of statistical estimation) some of the relationships which are relevant for measuring efficiency and the importance of certain forces which influence it. In approaching this problem we hope to apply to marketing research those parts of economic theory which have proven useful in other areas of economic research. We also hope that, from our findings, hypotheses might be developed which may prove useful in research relating to sectors of the economy other than marketing. In the following pages I shall try to make clear some of the basic assumptions underlying our analysis and describe in more detail parts of the project and some of the hypotheses which are being tested.
A latent low-dimensional common input drives a pool of motor neurons: a probabilistic latent state-space model.

We propose a state-space model that explicitly delineates a common input signal sent to motor neurons and the physiological noise inherent in synaptic signal transmission. This is the first applica...
The horizontal transfer of Salmonella between the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) and poultry manure

There is need to determine the nature of enduring reservoirs of Salmonella contributing to perpetual contamination within poultry flocks. The dispersal of Salmonella between birds, litter and the lesser mealworm has been established, but the extent that these act as critical components in the epidemiology of Salmonella infection during broiler grow-out and flock rotation has not been delineated; in particular, the level of participation by the lesser mealworm beetles (LMB) as agents of retention and dispersal. This study defines this route of transmission and provides empirical data on bacterial loads that facilitate Salmonella transfer. Results showed differential Salmonella transfer dependent on bacterial concentration. At 103 cfu/ml, only a small, but not significant, amount of Salmonella was transferred, from the LMB to the manure and back to uninfected LMB; while from 105 to 107 cfu/ml, a significant acquisition and transfer occurred both internally and externally to the LMB over 4 and 24 hr exposures. These data will be used in correlation with facility management practices to develop intervention strategies to mitigate the establishment and spreading of reservoir Salmonella populations contributing to pre-harvest contamination of poultry flocks.
Integrated multiomic predictors for ovarian cancer survival

Increasingly affordable high-throughput molecular profiling technologies have made feasible the measurement of omics-wide interindividual variations for the purposes of predicting cancer prognosis. While multiple types of genetic, epigenetic and expression changes have been implicated in ovarian cancer, existing prognostic biomarker strategies are constrained to analyzing a single class of molecular variations. The extra predictive power afforded by the integration of multiple omics types remains largely unexplored. In this study, we performed integrative analysis on tumor-based exome-, transcriptome- and methylome-wide molecular profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for variations in cancer-relevant genes to construct robust, cross-validated multiomic predictors for ovarian cancer survival. These integrated polygenic survival scores (PSSs) were able to predict 5-year overall (OS) and progression-free survival in the Caucasian subsample with high accuracy (AUROC = 0.87 and 0.81, respectively). These findings suggest that the PSSs are able to predict long-term OS in TCGA patients with accuracy beyond that of previously proposed protein-based biomarker strategies. Our findings reveal the promise of an integrated omics-based approach in enhancing existing prognostic strategies. Future investigations should be aimed toward prospective external validation, strategies for standardizing application and the integration of germline variants.
Fertility Policy and Employment: Implications from the Former Soviet Union

Using individual-level survey data that were collected in Russia in 1993, we analyze the fertility-employment relationship for a sample of urban women who bore children during the Soviet era. Although some Russian policy makers advocate policies that reduce female employment to stimulate fertility, we find little empirical support to ensure success of these policies. Specifically, we find no connection between employment and fertility for our sample of Russian females, perhaps because of their historic, mandated commitment to the labor market. Instead, we find that demographics and attitudes influence fertility decision making. These results, in combination with the findings that our sample of Russian women hold more ‘traditional’ attitudes toward family and ‘egalitarian’ attitudes toward work than similar American women, suggest that policies to stimulate fertility by reducing employment may not be effective for women raised during the Soviet era unless a dramatic shift in attitudes away from a strong work commitment also occurs.
Petrostates and Private Sectors: Regulating Business and Markets in Resource-Rich Countries

Oil-rich countries such as Iran, Nigeria, and Russia are often cited as among the most difficult places in the world to open and operate a business. Is this observation a widespread phenomenon among oil-rich countries and can it be explained by the mere presence of oil? If so, what is the causal process? Statistical techniques using data on over 150 countries provide evidence that, all else equal, higher oil and gas income leads to higher regulatory barriers to opening a firm and less access to credit. An analysis of Iran illustrates how the introduction of massive oil revenues resulted in heightened rent-seeking from private sector elites and increased regulatory barriers to owners of small and medium-sized capital. This study makes a number of contributions to the writings in political economy on natural resources and the so-called "resource curse" phenomenon. For one, it offers an initial investigation into the effects of oil wealth on regulatory policy-making and the quality of a country's business environment. Second, its focus on political and regulatory factors provides an alternative causal story to the "Dutch Disease" argument that has long served as the traditional explanation for the resource curse.
Response Surface Models with Mixed Effects

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how to conduct a response surface investigation concerning a linear model that contains, in addition to fixed polynomial effects, a random effect representing an extraneous source of variation. The model als..
Impact of an Informal Science Program: Middle School Gifted Science Students

This research explores an informal science program (ISP) in fulfilling the needs of talented and gifted middle school students. Specifically, it discusses the need of teachers continued professional development and the unique challenges and opportunities inherent in instructing gifted middle school students. It further focuses on characteristics of successful teaching strategies and methods for identifying and training teachers. The study uses a constructivist framework to examine teaching methods and suggests that constructivism is an appropriate method for instructing gifted middle school students. The research reflects the results of an embedded descriptive multiple case study of six teachers in the informal science program, an initiative to provide middle school students in rural midwestern states with opportunities for accelerated learning in science.
P160 Analysis of repeat typings done on DPB, DPA, and DQA loci; the 2018 UNOS STAR files

Aim Mandatory HLA-DPB and DQA typing has recently been instituted for deceased organ donors. While these loci are not routinely used for organ allocation or listed as unacceptable antigens, if they are in the future, consistent typings will be important. We sought to determine the current state of compliance with the mandatory typing as well as to analyze repeat typings for discrepant results. Methods We examined 162,598 HLA typings submitted to UNOS on deceased donors from 10/1/87 through 12/31/17. Data was obtained with permission from UNOS as a SAS “STAR” file and analyzed with JMP® (SAS Institute). Results Prior to January, 2016, just fewer than ten percent of the 146,896 donors were typed for DPB, DPA, DQA while typing results were submitted for DPB and DQA for virtually all donors subsequently and in 76% DPA was also submitted. In the era prior to 1/1/16, less than 3% of typings were repeated. This increased to 30–36% in the current era (Table 1). The total number of discrepancies for DPB typings was 152 out of 5,495 typings that were repeated (2.8%). The most common discrepancies in DPB typing were between DPB*104:01 and 03:01 (N = 47), DPB*04:02 and 105:01(N = 29), and DPB*04:02 with 04:01 (N = 13). A number of other discrepancies were observed involving DPB*03:01, 04:02, 104:01, 105:01 and 04:01, which accounted for 71% of the DPB discrepancies. Download : Download high-res image (223KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions HLA-DPB and DQA typing of deceased donors is now mandatory. There has been excellent compliance with submission of typing results. Over three quarters of typings also include DPA results. The large proportion of repeat typings has permitted an analysis of both the rate of discrepancies and which antigens account for most of them. If these loci are to be considered for allocation, further analysis of the nature and reasons for these discrepancies will be needed to reduce the error rate.
Abstract P176: Hypertension is Mediated by an Angiotensin II-Dependent Mechanism in Adipocyte Prorenin Receptor KO Female Mice and by the Para-Sympathetic Nervous System in Adipose Prorenin Receptor KO Male Mice

Obesity and lipodystrophy models, two opposite ends of adipose tissues dysfunction, can lead to hypertension and constitute relevant tools to decipher mechanisms involved in blood pressure control....
Are Rural Students Receiving FAPE? A Descriptive Review of IEPs for Students With Social, Emotional, or Behavioral Needs

Students who are eligible to receive special education and related services are entitled to a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) including the necessary emotional, behavioral, and social supports to access the general curriculum. This study explores Individualized Education Program (IEP) plans of students with disabilities who have social, emotional, or behavioral needs served in five rural independent school districts. Specifically, the study sought to investigate (a) whether the present level of academic and functional performance (PLAAFP) and annual goals demonstrated congruence and (b) whether the degree to which the IEP documents conform to both procedural and substantive requirements for development. A review of 126 IEPs suggests that although IEPs are somewhat compliant, they fail to comprehensively address student needs or align across areas, violating the spirit of Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. Recommendations and future areas of inquiry are provided.
Yoga as a technology of femininity: Disciplining white women, disappearing people of color in Yoga Journal

Yoga has seen an explosion of popularity in the United States. Though the practice can be traced to the Indus Valley civilization, its mass media representation is dominated by young, thin, white w...
A holistic framework for participatory conservation approaches

ABSTRACTOrganizations seeking better methods for conservation have attempted to use participatory processes to fulfill human and ecological/environmental goals. As a result, the academic literature...
Stress-tensor commutators in conformal field theories near the lightcone

Starting with the general stress-tensor commutation relations consistent with the Poincar\'e algebra in local quantum field theory, we impose the tracelessness condition and focus on the dominating contributions in the lightcone limit. It is shown that, under a certain assumption on the Schwinger term, a Virasoro-algebra-like structure emerges near the lightcone in $dg2$ conformal field theories.
FGF signaling patterns cell fate at the interface between tendon and bone

Tendon and bone are attached by a transitional connective tissue that is morphologically graded from tendinous to osseous and develops from bipotent progenitors that co-express scleraxis (Scx) and Sox9 (Scx+/Sox9+). Scx+/Sox9+ progenitors have the potential to differentiate into either tenocytes or chondrocytes, yet the developmental mechanism that spatially resolves their bipotency at the tendon-bone interface during embryogenesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that development of Scx+/Sox9+ progenitors within the mammalian lower jaw requires FGF signaling. We find that loss of Fgfr2 in the mouse tendon-bone interface reduces Scx expression in Scx+/Sox9+ progenitors and induces their biased differentiation into Sox9+ chondrocytes. This expansion of Sox9+ chondrocytes, which is concomitant with decreased Notch2-Dll1 signaling, prevents formation of a mixed population of chondrocytes and tenocytes, and instead results in ectopic endochondral bone at tendon-bone attachment units. Our work shows that FGF signaling directs zonal patterning at the boundary between tendon and bone by regulating cell fate decisions through a mechanism that employs Notch signaling.
Impact of Disruptive Behavior in Childhood Feeding Difficulties

Pediatric feeding problems occur in 25-40% of all children and disproportionately affect children with health and/or developmental concerns. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at particularly high risk for feeding difficulties, though the connection between ASD and feeding problems is not well understood. As issues related to problematic feeding behavior frequently present to outpatient pediatric clinics, there is a need to understand the common factors that contribute to the development of both adaptive and maladaptive feeding behaviors. The current study examined predictors of problematic feeding behavior in children with and without ASD. Parents of children with ASD reported significantly greater child disruptive behavior, parenting stress, child feeding difficulties, and problematic parental feelings and strategies regarding feeding. Child disruptive behavior and parenting stress contributed the most variance in the prediction of child feeding difficulties and the relation between child disruptive behavior and feeding difficulties was partially mediated by parental strategies and feelings.
Changing the Face of the Opioid Epidemic: A Generic Rhetorical Analysis of Addiction Obituaries

Obituaries are becoming an increasingly popular medium that people who have lost friends and relatives to opioid overdose are using to speak out. Many sources refer to these as addiction obituaries. In this essay, we present a generic rhetorical analysis of 73 addiction-relatedobituaries in order to question and explore this phenomenon as a potential emerging genre of rhetoric. In doing so, we argue that addiction obituaries constitute a hybrid rhetorical genre intertwining the conventions of an obituary with a public service announcement, which we call a public service death announcement, or PSDA. This symbolic form fulfills many social functions necessitated by the unique sociocultural circumstances brought forth by the opioid crisis. However, it also reveals limitations of conceiving of addiction at the level of individual faces.
Environmental Sustainability in Urban China

The rapid economic development and urbanization in China lead to serious environmental consequences in the last 40 years. Based on the empirical studies conducted by my coauthors and me, this chapter investigates the environmental consequences of China’s ongoing fast urbanization. The revealed preference evidences from the housing market and self-protection behaviors illustrate that Chinese urbanites’ demand for green cities is rising. Our studies also show that the inclusion of greenness in local officials’ promotion criteria and the rising information transparency have incentivized local leaders to respond to such a demand by regulating pollution. I also discuss the future trend and dynamics of pollution, and the environmental justice in China’s context.
Activated Coagulation Time and Hepcon Protamine Titration Device to Manage Unfractionated Heparin During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Hemophilia A Patient on Emicizumab

In the perioperative management of patients with hemophilia A, emicizumab prevents the accurate measurement of common clotting assays, including the activated clotting time (ACT), which is essential for high-dose heparin monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The authors describe the successful perioperative management of a hemophilia A patient on maintenance emicizumab who, following a non-ST myocardial infarction, underwent cardiopulmonary bypass grafting surgery with heparin monitoring using both the ACT and heparin levels from the Hepcon protamine titration device. Postoperatively, the patient was transitioned to recombinant factor VIII replacement therapy. In hemophilia A patients on emicizumab who require heparin titration on cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, the ACT, combined with Hepcon heparin levels, may be used to complete the surgery successfully without excessive bleeding or morbidity.
Removing the knees from their necks: mobilizing community practice and social action for racial justice

In the midst of a year of seemingly insurmountable struggles associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States and other countries across the globe are grappling with another deadly pandemic...
Violence in Commercial Sex Work: A Case Study on the Impact of Violence Among Commercial Female Sex Workers in India and Strategies to Combat Violence.

Violence is one of the primary contextual factors that significantly raise sex workers’ sexually transmitted infection risk. The current study examines how violence affects sexual health behavior a...
In Support of Phonological Bias in Implicit Learning

This paper explores the hypothesis that children pay more attention to phonological cues than semantic cues when acquiring grammatical patterns. In a series of artificial allomorphy learning experi...
Strong internal resonance in a nonlinear, asymmetric microbeam resonator

Exploiting nonlinear characteristics in micro/nanosystems has been a subject of increasing interest in the last decade. Among others, vigorous intermodal coupling through internal resonance (IR) has drawn much attention because it can suggest new strategies to steer energy within a micro/nanomechanical resonator. However, a challenge in utilizing IR in practical applications is imposing the required frequency commensurability between vibrational modes of a nonlinear micro/nanoresonator. Here, we experimentally and analytically investigate the 1:2 and 2:1 IR in a clamped–clamped beam resonator to provide insights into the detailed mechanism of IR. It is demonstrated that the intermodal coupling between the second and third flexural modes in an asymmetric structure (e.g., nonprismatic beam) provides an optimal condition to easily implement a strong IR with high energy transfer to the internally resonated mode. In this case, the quadratic coupling between these flexural modes, originating from the stretching effect, is the dominant nonlinear mechanism over other types of geometric nonlinearity. The design strategies proposed in this paper can be integrated into a typical micro/nanoelectromechanical system (M/NEMS) via a simple modification of the geometric parameters of resonators, and thus, we expect this study to stimulate further research and boost paradigm-shifting applications exploring the various benefits of IR in micro/nanosystems. Achieving strong ‘internal resonance’ within a simple nanoelectromechanical resonator opens doors to further research and practical applications. Hanna Cho, and a team from The Ohio State University and Michigan State University, United States, describe in their new paper how internal resonance (IR) offers a “unique pathway” to steer vibrational energy, with applications in signal detection and simultaneous physical property sensing. Robust achievement of IR has proved challenging, with the property first realized in the early 2010s. The team now describe the robust generation of IR by a “relatively simple” nanoelectromechanical resonator, and the design parameters that can be manipulated to alter resonance behaviors. The team hope that their blueprints can act as a stepping stone for deeper investigation into the exploitation of IR for various applications.
A size-exclusion-based approach for purifying extracellular vesicles from human plasma

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released into blood from multiple organs and carry molecular cargo that facilitates inter-organ communication and an integrated response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Interrogation of the protein cargo of EVs is currently limited by the absence of optimal and reproducible approaches for purifying plasma EVs that are suitable for downstream proteomic analyses. We describe a size-exclusion chromatography (SEC)-based method to purify EVs from platelet-poor plasma (PPP) for proteomics profiling via high-resolution mass spectrometry (SEC-MS). The SEC-MS method identifies more proteins with higher precision than several conventional EV isolation approaches. We apply the SEC-MS method to identify the unique proteomic signatures of EVs released from platelets, adipocytes, muscle cells, and hepatocytes, with the goal of identifying tissue-specific EV markers. Furthermore, we apply the SEC-MS approach to evaluate the effects of a single bout of exercise on EV proteomic cargo in human plasma.
The Electroencephalogram of Mental Abilities

Mental activity is so different from any other organic function that even today it is given if not an expressed at least an implied extra corporeal status. Only in relatively recent times were some of the higher functions transposed from the heart to the brain. Hippocrates had observed contralateral deficits of motor function after head injuries but did not understand the function of the central nervous system, contralaterality or the nature of mentation. During the succeeding 2,000 years the world of ideas has preceded the world of demonstrations, and today one generally accepts that the mind is in the brain even though we do not have any scientific evidence for such a statement.6 The research for the understanding of brain functions has recapitulated the phylogenetic progression from motor to speech, leaving at present large unexplored cortical areas euphemistically identified as silent or association areas.
A Canadian Vision of International Astronomy and Astrophysics

This chapter is drawn from a lecture given by the President of the National Research Council of Canada (NRC) (Arthur J. Carty) at the 201 st Meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS1) on 6 January 2003 in Seattle, WA. The lecture speaks of the trend toward greater, multi-nation collaboration in astronomy as exemplified by the Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) project, and it proposes the vision of a world plan within a decade. It describes Canada’s commitment to international partnerships in astronomical facilities and the scientific and technological benefits that it has realized through partnerships that include the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), and, more recently the Gemini Telescope.
Rationing and Common Values

We consider a rationing mechanism for selling a common-value object, in which the seller solicits sealed bids, and allocates the objects with equal probability to one of the k highest bidders, at the (k+1)th highest price. When k > 1, this mechanism exhibits rationing. When k=1, it reduces to the second-price auction, or market-clearing. The mechanism is formally equivalent to dividing the object into k units, and allocating 1/k units to each of the k highest bidders, at the (k+1)th highest price, for some k > 1. When the prior over true value is uniform, we characterize the bid and revenue functions, and determine a necessary and sufficient condition for revenue (conditional on true value) to increase with rationing. We show that this condition is satisfied when the signal distribution is diffuse, and that rationing is less attractive when signals are relatively precise. In the presence of a liquid secondary market, financial assets are reasonably modelled as having common values. Rationing is commonly observed in IPOs, and this result suggests that it may be superior to allocating the shares at a market-clearing price.
Distribution Requirements Planning

In the previous chapter, it was stated that inventory planners had their choice of two basic inventory ordering techniques: some form of statistical replenishment and Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP). Chapter 7 focused on detailing the various methods, elements, and use of statistical tools for inventory ordering, such as order point and economic order quantity (EOQ). In this chapter, the system logic, application, and benefits of using DRP to plan inventory resupply will be examined. Unlike replenishment methods that utilize statistical calculations to determine when orders should be released and what the order quantity should be, DRP determines resupply by time-phasing demand and supply for each item at each warehouse in the distribution channel. Utilizing the same logic as Material Requirements Planning (MRP), DRP performs a gross-to-net requirements calculation of demand and supply in each time period. When demand exceeds supply, the system then generates a planned resupply order and alerts the planner that replenishment action is required if stockout is to be avoided. What is more, through the Bill of Distribution (BOD), DRP implodes the time-phased requirements up through the distribution channel, thereby illuminating and linking together the replenishment needs of both supplying and satellite warehouses. The choice of using DRP or combining it with statistical replenishment techniques for inventory control is a management decision requiring an understanding of the nature of customer demand, the dynamics of the distribution channel, inventory and vendor characteristics, and the application of the necessary computer hardware and software tools.
Expression of secretory mucin genes by human conjunctival epithelia

Purpose To determine whether human conjunctival epithelium expresses any of the human mucin genes designated MUC2 through MUC7. Method Northern blot analysis was performed using total RNA isolated from surgically removed conjunctival tissues. Complementary DNA or oligonucleotides to the tandem repeat region of each mucin gene were labeled and hybridized to conjunctival RNA. In situ hybridization also was performed to determine the distribution of mucin mRNA. Results Only MUC4 and MUC5 probes hybridized to conjunctival RNA by Northern blot analysis. Both probes bound in a polydispersed pattern, which is characteristic of mucin genes. Using in situ hybridization, MUC4 mRNA was detected in the cells of the stratified conjunctival epithelium, whereas MUC5 mRNA expression was limited to goblet cells MUC4 or MUC5 probes did not hybridize to sections of corneal epithelium. Conclusions The mucins MUC4 and MUC5 are expressed by the human conjunctiva. These mucins may play an important role in forming the tear-film layer at the air and ocular surface epithelium interface.
Can checkpoint/restart mechanisms benefit from hierarchical data staging?

Given the ever-increasing size of supercomputers, fault resilience and the ability to tolerate faults have become more of a necessity than an option. Checkpoint-Restart protocols have been widely adopted as a practical solution to provide reliability. However, traditional checkpointing mechanisms suffer from heavy I/O bottleneck while dumping process snapshots to a shared filesystem. In this context, we study the benefits of data staging, using a proposed hierarchical and modular data staging framework which reduces the burden of checkpointing on client nodes without penalizing them in terms of performance. During a checkpointing operation in this framework, the compute nodes transmit their process snapshots to a set of dedicated staging I/O servers through a high-throughput RDMA-based data pipeline. Unlike the conventional checkpointing mechanisms that block an application until the checkpoint data has been written to a shared filesystem, we allow the application to resume its execution immediately after the snapshots have been pipelined to the staging I/O servers, while data is simultaneously being moved from these servers to a backend shared filesystem. This framework eases the bottleneck caused by simultaneous writes from multiple clients to the underlying storage subsystem. The staging framework considered in this study is able to reduce the time penalty an application pays to save a checkpoint by 8.3 times.