cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P377: Oral Estrogen Hormone Therapy Use after Incident Venous Thrombosis and the Risk of Recurrence

Background: Oral estrogen hormone therapy (HT) is associated with a 2-fold increased risk of incident venous thrombosis (VT). Patterns of HT use following an incident VT and the association between HT use and recurrence are poorly characterized. Objectives: We aimed: (1) to characterize the use of oral estrogen HT in the 5 months following a first VT event; and (2) to evaluate whether the use of HT following an incident VT is associated with VT recurrence. Methods: In Group Health Cooperative (GHC), an integrated health care system, we identified an inception cohort of women aged 40-89 who experienced an incident VT from 2002 to 2010 (n=1,121). Using medical record review, we followed participants for VT recurrence, defined by physician diagnosis >2 weeks after the incident VT with clinical and/or imaging evidence of a new or expanded clot. HT use at 80% compliance was defined using GHC computerized pharmacy data. Characterization of HT use was restricted to women who survived for ≥5 months. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between time-varying current HT use and risk of recurrent VT, adjusting for race, baseline age, BMI, idiopathic incident VT, diabetes status, and the following time-varying covariates: cancer, CVD, and current anticoagulation use. In primary analyses, time was defined as days since incident event and censoring occurred at last follow-up or death. To evaluate the influence of possible HT misclassification soon after the incident event, we conducted 2 sensitivity analyses in which women entered the risk set after 30 and 60 days post-incident VT. Additional secondary Cox analyses were restricted to current HT users at the time of incident VT. Results: Of women who survived ≥5 months post-incident VT (n=993), 12% used oral estrogen HT at time of the incident event (n=123); among these, 90 (73%) discontinued use whereas 33 (27%) continued to fill ≥1 HT prescription within the next 5 months. Compared with users who stopped HT, persistent users were on average older (70 vs. 65 years), had a lower BMI (29 vs. 32 kg/m 2 ), and were less likely to have experienced an incident PE as part of their first VT event (27% vs. 61%). Over an average follow-up of 3.4 years, we identified 164 recurrent VTs among 1,121 women. We found no evidence of an association between HT use after incident VT and VT recurrence risk, adjusted for confounders (HR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.26-1.99; p=0.53); no evidence of an association was found in sensitivity or secondary analyses. Conclusions: In this population of GHC enrollees, over one-quarter of oral estrogen HT users at VT incidence continued use and filled subsequent HT prescriptions in the 5 months following the incident event. We found no evidence of an association between post-event HT use and the risk of VT recurrence, however, the number of HT users in our population was small.
Programming with Abstract Data Types: The Symmetry Package SPDE in Scratchpad

The main problem which occurs in developing Computer Algebra packages for special areas in mathematics is the complexity. The unique concept which is advocated to cope with that problem is the introduction of suitable abstract data types. The corresponding decomposition into modules makes it much easier to develop, maintain and change the program. After introducing the relevant concepts from software engineering they are elaborated by means of the symmetry analysis of differential equations and the Scratchpad package SPDE which abbreviates Symmetries of Partial Differential Equations.
Moral Dimensions of Classroom Discourse: A Deweyan Perspective

In his inquiry on moral theory, Dewey draws a critical distinction between what he terms “customary” and “reflective” morality. He describes customary morality as received moral codes which are handed down unquestioningly through “ancestral habit,” while reflective morality involves conscious deliberation, reason and thought. For Dewey, the distinction between the two tendencies is “as important as it is definite, for it shifts the centre of gravity in morality.” He asserts that one reason that Greek thought continues to hold our interest is that it allows us to witness the struggle to make the transition from customary to reflective conduct:
Identifiability issues in phylogeny-based detection of horizontal gene transfer

Prokaryotic organisms share genetic material across species boundaries by means of a process known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Detecting this process bears great significance on understanding prokaryotic genome diversification and unraveling their complexities. Phylogeny-based detection of HGT is one of the most commonly used approaches for this task, and is based on the fundamental fact that HGT may cause gene trees to disagree with one another, as well as with the species phylogeny. Hence, methods that adopt this approach compare gene and species trees, and infer a set of HGT events to reconcile the differences among these trees. In this paper, we address some of the identifiability issues that face phylogeny-based detection of HGT. In particular, we show the effect of inaccuracies in the reconstructed (species and gene) trees on inferring the correct number of HGT events. Further, we show that a large number of maximally parsimonious HGT scenarios may exist. These results indicate that accurate detection of HGT requires accurate reconstruction of individual trees, and necessitates the search for more than a single scenario to explain gene tree disagreements. Finally, we show that disagreements among trees may be a result of not only HGT, but also lineage sorting, and make initial progress on incorporating HGT into the coalescent model, so as to stochastically distinguish between the two and make an accurate reconciliation. This contribution is very significant, particularly when analyzing closely related organisms.
ABI Chapter 11 Professional Fee Study

In early 2005, the American Bankruptcy Institute awarded me a $345,000 grant to conduct the most comprehensive, independent empirical study of professional fees in chapter 11 cases to date. This report represents the results of that study.
The Effect of College Major on Wages

Long before the time their children enter the doors on their first day of kindergarten, most parents are already dreaming of and perhaps fearing the time thirteen years down the road when they will be sending their young scholars off to college. Many of these hopeful parents assume that a chance for higher education will allow their child the opportunity to have a prosperous and secure future. And, numerous studies have shown that the prayers of lots of these parents will be answered, as college graduates consistently earn higher wages than their less educated counterparts (Belfield, 2000). This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol13/iss1/14
Unilateral Post-Obstructive Diuresis in the Neonate

A total of 3 neonates exhibited severe post-obstructive diuresis after relief of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Of the neonates 2 had normal kidneys contralaterally while 1 had a contralateral kidney that was dysplastic. Urinary output exceeded oral intake initially in all 3 patients necessitating intravenous supplementation for up to 10 days. Stabilization resulted from an increase in oral intake rather than a decrease in diuresis. Unilateral post-obstructive diuresis is extremely uncommon but it may occur in the neonate because of the unique features of the renal physiology encountered in this age patient.
Acoustic Microscopy for Evaluating Cracks Produced by CO2 Laser Within Thin Alumina Plates

The laser shaping of thin alumina ceramic plates appears to be an advantageous manufacturing method. Unfortunately, the failure rate for using this technique is high because of crack initiation during the application of a high power laser. We address the issue of crack initiation with the use of in-process and post-process analysis. This article reports our results on the evaluation of the surface and interior cracks with optical, scanning laser, scanning electron and scanning acoustic microscopy. We present images of surface and subsurface micro-cracks generated at different power levels of a high power CO2 laser system. The spatial variation of the Rayleigh wave velocity is measured by the V(z) curve technique. These preliminary data suggest that, some with improvement, the V(z) technique may detect residual stress with high spatial resolution. The obtained results may contribute to the understanding of the fracture mechanism, and can eventually provide guidance for the choice of laser parameters (e.g., power, focus, scanning rate, emitting duration, or the like) in laser shaping apparatus.© 2003 ASME
A Concise Guide to Using Dictionaries from the Founding Era to Determine the Original Meaning of the Constitution

This Article explains how dictionaries published in the Founding Era may provide evidence of the original meaning of the Constitution. In addition, the Article identifies and discusses six potential problems with relying on definitions from these dictionaries, and cautions that these potential problems must be considered when using Founding Era dictionaries either to make claims about the Constitution’s original meaning or to evaluate claims about original meaning made by others. Finally, the Article includes an Appendix describing nine English language dictionaries and four legal dictionaries from the Founding Era that the Supreme Court has cited in constitutional cases, and indicates where free versions of these dictionaries can be found online.
An enhanced assessment protocol to support the dynamic bandwidth control capabilities in DQDB MANs

An enhanced assessment protocol (EAP) is proposed for DQDB MANs. The proposed scheme comprises of two independent assessment cycles. The DANT cycles continuously update time dependent network information. The perception cycles estimate the required change in the perception of the node population in the network, to serve the existing demand pattern better and supports dynamic bandwidth control. >
Implications of Modeling Range and Infrastructure Barriers to Adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles

Compared with traditional vehicles, light-duty battery electric vehicles (BEVs) currently have price premiums and noncost limitations, such as reduced range, sparse public recharging infrastructure, and long recharge times. These additional limitations can be captured in different ways in a consumer choice model. Three approaches are implemented to noncost barrier modeling, and results are compared. A penalty approach quantifies limitations as additional costs to the consumer, and two threshold approaches determine BEV suitability by the frequency that daily driving distance exceeds the vehicle range. GPS-based trip data are used to form ensemble distributions of low-, medium-, and high-intensity driving distances to support the analysis. All approaches show limited (5%) adoption of BEVs by 2050, and the BEV mileage fraction trails the stock fraction because of the use of substitute vehicles for high-mileage trips and adoption biased toward lower driving intensity segments. In fact, a majority of the elec...
An image processing algorithm for the determination of changes in coronary blood flow from digital coronary angiograms

A method for measuring regional variation in coronary blood flow has been developed using image processing techniques applied to sequences of digital coronary angiograms. A series of digital subtraction angiography images is used as a basic data set to form parametric images of blood volume and of contrast arrival time under varying conditions of blood flow. A model relating the image-derived parameters and physiological flow has been developed and validated in animal experiments. The use of rapid image processing methods permits the formation of flow parameter images in a short time, making the method suitable for online assessment of interventional procedures. >
Direct identification of Mycobacterium species in BACTEC 7H12B medium by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Primary cultures of mycobacteria grown in BACTEC 7H12B medium (Becton Dickinson and Co., Paramus, N.J.), with and without the addition of oleic acid-albumin-dextrose-catalase (OADC) enrichment (Becton Dickinson and Co., Cockeysville, Md.), were analyzed for their mycolic acid patterns by high-performance liquid chromatography. Of the 126 isolates grown in medium to which OADC was added, 117 (93%) were successfully identified to the species level. The time to identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 65) averaged 19 days, and the average time was 21 days for nontuberculosis mycobacteria (n = 52) from initial specimen processing. None of the 10 isolates cultured without OADC were identified. The mycolic acid patterns were considered reliable for identification if the height of the tallest peak in the chromatogram was at least 50% of the internal standard peak height.
A postural sign in the sensory deprivation syndrome in infants

Historical data and prolonged observation of 35 children with growth failure, malnutrition, developmental retardation, and behavioral disturbances indicated that 21 had been deprived of sensory stimulation. A preferred posture and tonic immobility of the arms was observed with increased frequency (52.6 per cent) in the infants with the sensory deprivation syndrome (SDS). The posture appears to have diagnostic significance in infants over 5 months of age who show growth failure, certain behavioral abnormalities, and no other signs of central nervous system disease than development retardation. It is probably a manifestation of cerebral function at a subcortical level directly related to prolonged lack of sensory input.
Diffusivities of Gases in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids: Data and Correlations Obtained Using a Lag-Time Technique

Diffusivity and solubility data are presented for carbon dioxide, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and 1,3-butadiene in five imidazolium-based ionic liquids and one phosphonium-based ionic liquid covering a liquid viscosity range of 10−1000 cP. The data were obtained using a lag-time technique that involves analysis of both the transient and steady-state permeation regimes through a supported liquid film. In general, gas diffusion in ionic liquids (∼10-6 cm2/sec) is slower than that in traditional hydrocarbon solvents and water, but the dependence on viscosity is lower. Conversely, the dependence of diffusivity on temperature and the size of the solute gas is higher than that for nonpolar solvents. A correlation for gas diffusivity in ionic liquids at 30 °C is proposed in terms of the gas molar volume, the ionic liquid viscosity, and density, based on 30 data points with a coefficient of multiple determination r2 = 0.975.
Fatty Acid 2-Hydroxylation in Mammalian Sphingolipid Biology

2-Hydroxy fatty acids (hFA) are important components of a subset of mammalian sphingolipids. The presence of hFA in sphingolipids is best described in the nervous system, epidermis, and kidney. However, the literature also indicates that various hFA-sphingolipids are present in additional tissues and cell types, as well as in tumors. Biosynthesis of hFA-sphingolipids requires fatty acid 2-hydroyxlase, and degradation of hFA-sphingolipids depends, at least in part, on lysosomal acid ceramidase and the peroxisomal fatty acid α-oxidation pathway. Mutations in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene, FA2H, have been associated with leukodystrophy and spastic paraparesis in humans, underscoring the importance of hFA-sphingolipids in the nervous system. In the epidermis, hFA-ceramides are essential for the permeability barrier function. Physiological function of hFA-sphingolipids in other organs remains largely unknown. Recent evidence indicates that hFA-sphingolipids have specific roles in cell signaling.
Responses of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki to extracts from five Brazilian hardwoods

Abstract Antitermitic properties of extracts from five Brazilian hardwoods were investigated in tests with the Formosan subterranean termite. Woods were extracted sequentially with hexane, acetone, a 54:44:2 acetone-hexane-water (AHW) mixture, and 80 % methanol. These extracts were tested for toxic, repellent, antiprotozoan, and antifeedant properties. Antitermitic properties varied with wood and solvent and, in some cases, with concentration of extract. Termite feeding and corresponding survival on the extract-treated absorbent paper pad were high for only a few extracts. Volatile constituents of Cedrela odorata and Ocotea cymbarum were termiticidal, and greatest repellency was evident for the hexane, acetone, and AHW extracts of these two species. Abnormally low protozoan numbers were found in termites surviving for 4 weeks on 11 extracts. Termites generally preferred untreated paper to extract-treated paper in a choice test for antifeedant properties. Some paper was not consumed but used by the termites in their carton-building activities. Zusammenfassung Reaktionen von Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki auf die Extrakte von 5 brasilianischen Hartholzern Es wurden antitermitische Eigenschaften von Extrakten aus 5 brasilianischen Hartholzern gegenuber der Formosa-Termite C. formosanus untersucht. Die Holzextrakte wurden mit Hexan, Aceton, Aceton-Hexan-Wasser (AHW 54:44:2) sowie 80%igem Methanol hergestellt. Diese Extrakte wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Gift-, Repellent-, Antiprotozoen- sowie Frasabschreckungs-wirkung getestet. Die antitermitischen Eigenschaften variierten mit der Holzart, dem Losungsmittel und in manchen Fallen mit der Extraktkonzentration. Der Termitenfras und das Uberleben der Termiten auf der mit dem Extrakt behandelten Fliespapierunterlage waren nur bei einigen wenigen Extrakten hoch. Fluchtige Bestandteile von Cedrela odorata und Ocotea cymbarum erwiesen sich als termitizid, wobei die Hexan-, Aceton- und AHW-Extrakte die besten Wirkungen zeigten. Abnorm niedrige Protozoenzahlen wurden in solchen Termiten gefunden, die 4 Wochen lang unter Einwirkung von 11 Extrakten uberlebten. In einem Auswahlversuch zogen die Termiten generell das unbehandelte Papier dem mit Extrakt behandeltem vor. In einigen Fallen wurde das behandelte Papier nicht verzehrt, sondern zum Bau von Kartonnestern verwendet.
Pain Assessment: A Practical Guide for Researchers and Clinicians

Pain is one of the most universal experiences of humankind, affecting all populations across the globe. In the United States over 100 million individuals are reported to be suffering with chronic pain (Institute of Medicine in Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education and research, The National Academies Press, Washington, 2011) and approximately 80 % of all medical visits stem directly from pain complaints (Quartana et al. in Expert Rev Neurother 9:745–758, 2009). This paper discusses a recent movement toward standardization of the pain assessment process to improve the quality of patient reported outcomes in clinical trials through the work of the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) workgroup and the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Roadmap Initiative. We review pain assessment from the framework of the recommendations of IMMPACT including the key assessment domains and the specific instruments recommended for use. We also review the PROMIS item banks and their usefulness in fulfilling the spirit of the IMMPACT recommendations. Finally, we discuss important assessment domains that could be a part of all comprehensive pain assessments that were not addressed by IMMPACT or PROMIS and make recommendations for adoption for clinical practice.
Shout Glory: Competing Communication Codes Experienced by the Members of the African American Pentecostal Genuine Deliverance Holiness Church

This ethnographic inquiry reports on an African American Pentecostal church in the southern U.S. This site is important to communication scholars because the church is an essential institution in Black communities and is involved in the communication of important values, behaviors, and attitudes. This study finds that this church plays a vital role in the lives of its members and acts as an important site of community involvement, education, and spiritual worship. Furthermore, the membership culture provides a powerful corrective to the racist communication of the dominant White society by providing a spiritual community that stands in opposition to racism.
Amitraz-induced glucose intolerance in rats: antagonism by yohimbine but not by prazosin

Amitraz (N′-[2,4-dimethylphenyl]-N-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)imino]-N-methylmethanimidamide) is a formamidine insecticide/acaricide that increases plasma glucose and decreases plasma insulin concentrations in dogs when applied topically. Because amitraz activates α2-adrenoceptors in numerous tissues, in this study we used rats as a model to determine whether these effects of amitraz are mediated by α2-adrenoceptors. The i. v. injection of amitraz (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg) followed by i.v. glucose injection (1 g/kg) induced a dose-dependent glucose intolerance characterized by hypoinsulinemia. At 1 mg/kg, amitraz completely blocked the insulin release induced by i. v. glucose administration. The α2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) prevented the effects of amitraz, but the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) did not. The results suggested that one mechanism by which amitraz prolongs glucose-induced hyperglycemia is via inhibition of insulin release and this effect is mediated by α2-adrenoceptors.
Effect of boundary conditions and rigidities on the buckling of annular plates

Abstract The buckling analysis of multi-annular plates, with different properties, is presented. The geometry may include ring stiffners at the common joints and the plate may be supported in various manners, simple supports, clamped supports, etc., at the loaded outer edge. The loading is uniform radial compression and static. Several parametric studies are performed in order to assess the effect of geometry, material properties of the annular sections and of the ring stiffness. Moreover, when rings are present, the ring geometry is modeled both as a curved beam and as an annular plate, for comparison purposes.
Transcript Specificity in Yeast Pre-mRNA Splicing Revealed by Mutations in Core Spliceosomal Components

Appropriate expression of most eukaryotic genes requires the removal of introns from their pre–messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs), a process catalyzed by the spliceosome. In higher eukaryotes a large family of auxiliary factors known as SR proteins can improve the splicing efficiency of transcripts containing suboptimal splice sites by interacting with distinct sequences present in those pre-mRNAs. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacks functional equivalents of most of these factors; thus, it has been unclear whether the spliceosome could effectively distinguish among transcripts. To address this question, we have used a microarray-based approach to examine the effects of mutations in 18 highly conserved core components of the spliceosomal machinery. The kinetic profiles reveal clear differences in the splicing defects of particular pre-mRNA substrates. Most notably, the behaviors of ribosomal protein gene transcripts are generally distinct from other intron-containing transcripts in response to several spliceosomal mutations. However, dramatically different behaviors can be seen for some pairs of transcripts encoding ribosomal protein gene paralogs, suggesting that the spliceosome can readily distinguish between otherwise highly similar pre-mRNAs. The ability of the spliceosome to distinguish among its different substrates may therefore offer an important opportunity for yeast to regulate gene expression in a transcript-dependent fashion. Given the high level of conservation of core spliceosomal components across eukaryotes, we expect that these results will significantly impact our understanding of how regulated splicing is controlled in higher eukaryotes as well.
Demixing and fluidity of gunite compositions

Laboratory experiments showed that the storing time of use-ready magnesite-chromite gunites depends on their demising resistance and fluidity. The addition of sodium silicate solution and soda ash to a magnesite-chromite guniting composition greatly influences its properties. A composition containing more than 3% sodium silicate solution and soda ash thickens so rapidly that it cannot be used for guniting.
Deterrence of repeated oviposition by fruit-marking pheromone in Ceratitis capitata (Diptera:Tephritidae).

During ovipositor dragging on the fruit surface following egg laying in hawthorne fruit,Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) females deposit an unidentified pheromone that deters repeated oviposition attempts in that fruit. The pheromone proved water soluble and, when collected and sprayed in aqueous solution onto uninfested fruits in laboratory cages, effectively deterred boring attempts byC. capitata females of wild origin for at least 6 days (termination of test). A laboratory population ofC. capitata cultured on artificial media for more than 200 generations deposited pheromone that proved equally as deterrent to wild fly oviposition as pheromone from wild flies. However, lab fly oviposition was not effectively deterred by the presence of pheromone. The ecological significance of the pheromone is discussed.
Agitation treatment for pediatric emergency patients.

There are no clear evidence-based guidelines for the management of agitated children in an emergency department (ED) setting. To assist our own ED’s agitation care, the authors developed an approach and general guideline based on a review of the existing literature and a review of expert opinions from both pediatric emergency medicine and child and adolescent psychiatric physicians at our tertiary medical center. This article presents our work in this area with a strong focus on medication use because we found this to be the area of greatest confusion and misunderstanding. Although the article’s focus is on EDs, we believe this can be a starting point for other hospital units that wish to codify their own best medication practices.
An Upper Bound for the Tidally Rectified Current at One Location on the Southern Flank of Georges Bank

Abstract Long-term current observations at 45 and 75 m at one location on the southern flank of Georges Bank in water 85 m deep were examined for evidence of tidal rectification. Loder has shown analytically that rectification of the strong semidiurnal tidal current can cause a mean along-bank flow, and thus may partially drive the observed clockwise circulation around Georges Bank. The amplitude of the tidally rectified along-bank flow is proportional to the squared amplitude of the cross-bank tidal current. A simply extension of Loder's model to include the weaker N2 and S2 tidal components suggests that fortnightly (354 h) and monthly (661 h) variations of the square of the cross-bank tidal current should cause a modulation of the subtidal along-bank flow. The predicted ratio (R) of the fortnightly and monthly modulation of the along-bank flow to the mean along-bank flow on the southern flank was a function of position and ranged from ∼0.1–0.5. The amplitude of modulation of the along-bank flow at 360 ...
Target dependence of doubly differential electron-detachment cross sections

We show that the pronounced structure in the energy spectra of electrons ejected in the forward directions in ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ stripping depends upon the mean excitation energy of the target-gas molecules. The measured spectra for He, Ne, Ar, and C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$Cl targets is in qualitative agreement with first-Born-approximation calculations.
Temperature effects on Great Lakes water balance studies

. Beginning of month water temperature profiles are estimated for each lake. These water temperature profiles along with surface water temperatures are used to determine the effects of thermal expansion and contraction of water on the net basin supply values obtained from water balance studies using end of month lake levels. It is demonstrated that net basin supply values (equivalent to precipitation on the lake minus the evaporation from the lake plus the runoff into the lake) obtained from water balance studies without accounting for the thermal expansion and contraction of water may be in error by as much as 100 percent during some months for each lake.
Predicting patient scores between the functional independence measure and the minimum data set: Development and performance of a fim-mds “crosswalk”☆

Abstract Objective: The functional status of rehabilitation patients is often measured using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in acute rehabilitation settings or the Minimum Data Set (MDS) in nursing homes. Because the relationship between the two instruments is unknown, preventing comparison of rehabilitation patients in different types of settings, a translation formula ("crosswalk") between items and subscales from the FIM and the MDS was developed and tested. Design and Outcome Measures: Using definitions recommended by an expert panel, MDS items were chosen and rescaled (termed "Pseudo-FIM(E)" items) to correspond to FIM items. The empiric relationships between Pseudo-FIM(E) and FIM scores were then measured using paired FIM-MDS assessments. Setting and Patients: 173 rehabilitation patients admitted to six nursing homes. Results: Pseudo-FIM(E) items could be defined for 12 of the 18 FIM items (8 motor and 4 cognitive items). Mean FIM and Pseudo-FIM(E) scores were not significantly different ( p >.30) for 5 of the 12 items. Mean scores for the remaining 7 items and for motor and cognitive subscales were similar but statistically significantly different ( p Conclusions: FIM and MDS items can be used to predict item and subscale scores between the two instruments with reasonable accuracy. This capability will enhance efforts to compare case-mix between acute rehabilitation and nursing home rehabilitation patients, thus making feasible comparisons of the effectiveness (degree of improvement among similar patients) and efficiency (cost of care to obtain a given degree of improvement) of rehabilitation care in different types of settings.
Purification and Properties of 17β-Hydroxy-C19-Steroid Dehydrogenases of Adult Male Guinea Pig Kidney*

The 17β-hydroxy-C19-steroid dehydrogenase activity of adult male guinea pig kidney was separated into one isolated and two contiguous enzymatically pure fractions by submitting the cytosol to (NH42SO4 (40–80% saturation) precipitation, Sephadex G-75 filtration, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and CMSephadex C-50 chromatography. Further DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and CM-Sephadex C-50 chromatography separated eight isozymes, which were divided into four groups in accordance with their behavior on chromatography and mobility on gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the purified enzymes were identical by Sephadex filtration (33,000) and SDS gel electrophoresis (34,000). Two of the enzymes were separated by SDS gel electrophoresis into two subcomponents of 23,000 and 11,000 daltons. The amino acid composition, Km values, and coenzyme and substrate specificities of the enzymes (except one) were very similar. The pi values varied from 5.1–6.4. HgCl2 and PCMB inhibited enzyme activity, but prior addition of cysteine preve...
A 100,000-Year Periodicity in the Accretion Rate of Interplanetary Dust

Numerical modeling of the orbital evolution of interplanetary dust particles revealed that, over the past 1.2 million years, the rate of accretion of dust by Earth has varied by a factor of 2 to 3. These variations display a 100,000-year periodicity and are anticorrelated with Earth9s changing orbital eccentricity. Extraterrestrial helium-3 concentrations in a deep-sea sediment core display a similar periodicity but are 50,000 years out of phase with the predicted variations. Also, because collisions between large bodies in the asteroid belt are inevitable, it is expected that large-amplitude stochastic variations on 107- to 108-year time scales would be superimposed on the 105-year periodic variations.
A merit function construction for which the global minimum may be found

Merit functions used in optical design are almost always extremely nonlinear in their behavior with respect to optical system parameters. This prevents the existing optimization algorithms from necessarily converging on the global minimum. They converge to the nearest local minimum which may, or may not, be the global mini- mum. It is possible that the global minimum can be achieved by successively minimizing a sequence of increasingly nonlinear merit "subfunctions" that converge to the complete merit function. The complete merit function is constructed in the usual way: Ð¤ = X23 + X25 + X27+ . . . . . (1) However, each aberration Xi is composed of a special linear combination of aberration coefficients. The sub-script i refers to the lowest order of aberration coefficient present in the aberration Xi. The complete merit function can be either mean-square spot size or wavefront variance by a proper choice of the linear combinations of aberration coefficients. Starting with the highest order aberration coefficients considered significant to the design problem (say, order nine), the sequence of merit subfunctions is constructed as Ð¤ = Ð¤3 = X23 + X25 + X27 + X29 Ð¤5 = X25 + X27 + X29 Ð¤7 = X27 + X29 Ð¤9 = X29. (2) Note that Ð¤9 behaves much more simply with respect to changes in the parameters of the optical system than does Ð¤. Also, Ð¤9 must be small at the global minimum of Ð¤ so that minimizing (09 may result in the optical system being in the region of the global minimum of Ð¤. By minimizing sequentially Ð¤9, Ð¤7, etc., the optical system may be sequentially moved to the global minimum of the complete merit function Ð¤.
Linear Induction Motor Experiments in Comparison with Mesh/Matrix Analysis

A four-pole, 0.9-meter-long linear induction motor was tested in a rotating-disc facility at speeds up to 300 MPH (483 Km/Hr). The results were compared with predictions from a mesh/ matrix analysis method. The magnetic field and secondary (disc) current were method. The magnetic fiel and secondary( dsc) current were predicted to rise from low values at the entrance to peaks near the exit and to decay over a span of one to several pole pitches beyond the exit. Magnetic field measurements verified internal details predicted. Measured thrusts agreed with the mesh/matrix analysis within 10 percent. The results are considered to furnish verification of the mesh/matrix analysis method.
An analysis of medical students' residency and specialty choices.

Abstract The contemporary geographic maldistribution of physicians and shortages in some specialty areas is a persistent problem facing United States federal and state wide health planners. This paper attempts to illustrate some of the formal and informal processes of the selection of specialties and recidency programs based on a survey of senior students of 37 selected American medical schools at the time of the National Residency Matching Program in 1982. Results of a factor analysis on influences on specialty choice produced two major clusters of medical students; those predominantly influenced in specialty choice by the faculty and other senior physicians (sponsorship), and those predominantly influenced by the social dimension of the physicians' role (social responsibility). These medical specialty choice orientations were also systematically related to either choice of specialty vs primary care medicine, to a life-style or status related choice of residency program, and to students' perceptions regarding a program's evaluation of a candidate. The results of the survey suggested that students who chose primary care were more apt to be influenced by sources outside of the medical school. These findings raise questions regarding the efficacy of medical school curriculum in motivating career choices in primary care. This is particularly important in view of the stated need to increase the proportion of medical school graduates choosing primary care careers.
Similarities between Archean high MgO eclogites and Phanerozoic arc-eclogite cumulates and the role of arcs in Archean continent formation

Abstract Some insights into the origin of cratonic mantle can be gained from “eclogite” (loosely defined here as an assemblage containing garnet and any pyroxene) xenoliths hosted in kimberlites erupted through Archean (~ 2.5­3.5 Gy) cratons. One subset of Archean eclogite xenoliths, the low MgO Archean xenoliths, is presently believed to represent metamorphosed fragments of ancient altered oceanic crust, leading to the suggestion that Archean cratons were built, at least in part, by the accretion of oceanic lithospheric segments. However, another Archean subset, the high MgO Archean eclogite xenoliths, have major and compatible trace-element (Ni and Cr) systematics similar to high MgO arc-eclogite xenoliths originating from the lithospheric root underlying the Sierra Nevada batholith in California, an example of a Phanerozoic arc. The Sierran high MgO arc-eclogites represent cumulates from hydrous basaltic magmas beneath a thick continental arc. The compositional similarities between the Archean and Sierran high MgO eclogites suggest that not only might the Archean high MgO eclogites have a cumulate origin, as has previously been suggested, but they may be arc-related. If so, Archean high MgO eclogites provide evidence from within the mantle roots of cratons that some form of arc magmatism contributed to the formation and evolution of Archean continents.
Interior-point algorithms for semi-infinite programming

In order to study the behavior of interior-point methods on very large-scale linear programming problems, we consider the application of such methods to continuous semi-infinite linear programming problems in both primal and dual form. By considering different discretizations of such problems we are led to a certain invariance property for (finite-dimensional) interior-point methods. We find that while many methods are invariant, several, including all those with the currently best complexity bound, are not. We then devise natural extensions of invariant methods to the semi-infinite case. Our motivation comes from our belief that for a method to work well on large-scale linear programming problems, it should be effective on fine discretizations of a semi-infinite problem and it should have a natural extension to the limiting semi-infinite case.
Polymer-enzyme conjugates can self-assemble at oil/water interfaces and effect interfacial biotransformations.

Native water-soluble enzymes were transformed into interface-binding enzymes via conjugation with hydrophobic polymers, thus enabling interesting interfacial biocatalysis between immiscible chemicals at oil/water interfaces. Such interfacial biocatalysis demonstrated a significantly improved catalytic efficiency as compared to traditional biphasic reactions with enzymes contained in the bulk aqueous phase. Particularly, polystyrene-conjugated β-galactosidase showed a catalytic efficiency that was more than 145 times higher than that of the native enzyme for a transgalactosylation reaction. It is believed that the improved accessibility of the biocatalysts to chemicals held in both phases across the interface is the key driver for the enhancement of enzyme activity.
Teaching Children with Autism to Respond to Joint Attention Initiations

ABSTRACT Children with autism fail to develop joint attention skills appropriate to developmental age. Joint attention is a predictor of ability in several core domains of autism including language, social development, affective sharing, and theory of mind capacity, thus establishing the significance of teaching joint attention. However, there is limited research to assist clinicians with methods to teach this skill. The present study used a multiple baseline with reversal design across three children to examine the effectiveness of a training program to teach children with autism to respond to successively more demanding joint attention initiations given by adults. Consistent with previous research, during baseline, all participants demonstrated low levels of joint attention skills. Following intervention, independent responses to joint attention bids were observed for all three participants. These findings support previous reports suggesting that behavioral intervention may facilitate the development of...
Single Molecule FRET Measurements of Cardiac Troponin in Freely Diffusing Assemblies

We have an engineered FRET assay in cardiac troponin (cTn) that monitors the main structural change in troponin during activation. We performed single pair FRET (spFRET) measurements using pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE) in the following freely diffusing assemblies: cTn, quaternary troponin-tropomyosin complex (TnTm), regulated thin filament (TnTnA7), and regulated thin filament in the presence of rigor cross-bridges (TnTmA7S1). 2D FRET histogram analysis of the data reveals the populations of activated and inactivated Tn. We report these populations under Ca2+ -free (apo) and Ca2+ -saturated (holo) conditions.
Intuition in Nursing Practice Deep Connections

The purpose of this study was to describe the phenomenon of intuition in nursing culture. The aims of the study were to (a) identify and describe terminology used with intuition in nursing care practice, (b) describe examples of experiential knowledge of intuition, (c) describe actions taken on intuitive experiences, (d) describe feelings associated with intuitive experience, and (e) compare and contrast patterns and processes of nursing intuition. The design of the study was ethnography. Sampling involved 40 nurses from all levels of the hospital and home health care practice. Intuition was found to (a) facilitate the depth of nurse-client relationships; (b) lead to a deeper understanding and connection with client patterns; (c) be acknowledged as a professional risk; (d) emphasize the significant influence of autonomy, independence, and assertiveness in nursing practice; and (e) contribute to excellence in nursing care. Intuition was identified as a manifestation of transpersonal caring in the art of nursing practice and was deeply connected to caring as the moral ideal of the nursing profession.
Precursors to the Gender Gap in College Enrollment: Children's Aspirations and Expectations for Their Futures

In light of the increasing gender gap in college enrollment, data from two waves of interviews with 115 elementary and middle school children were examined for developmental and gender differences in participants' aspirations and expectations for their futures. While there were no gender differences in children's educational aspirations or expectations, girls were more likely than boys to aspire to careers that require a college education, more likely to emphasize career advancement in their rationale for attending college, and less likely to choose sex-typed occupations. Implications for professional school counselors are discussed.
Design and implementation of a Deep Space Communications Complex downlink array

This paper describes the design and implementation of an array system that includes a frequency domain beamformer that will coherently combine the downlinked signals from up to eight inputs at each of NASA's three Deep Space Communications Complexes (DSCC). The array signal processor digitizes inputs with an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 100 to 600 MHz, coherently combines the inputs digitally, and transforms the combined waveform back to analog. Real-time correlation measurements are used for delay and phase calibration, allowing the system to adjust for atmospheric variations. A Downlink Array system is operational at each DSCC. Initial results from passes with the New Horizons spacecraft are presented and system performance is analyzed.
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis progressing to septic synovitis and eventual pyarthrosis. the vascular pathway

A case suggesting sequential infection of bone, synovial membranes, and finally synovial fluid is presented. Hematogenous osteomyelitis manifests itself differently in children than in adults. In children, the avascular epiphyseal cartilage in the growing long bone is an effective barrier to the spread of bone infection to the joint. After obliteration of the growth plate, vascular anastomoses form between metaphysis and epiphysis, and at maturity the entire bone shares a common blood supply with the capsule and synovium of the adjacent joint. In the adult with acute osteomyelitis, contiguous joint infection should be anticipated. In septic arthritis, unless caused by penetrating trauma, the synovium must be infected before the joint fluid. Even when bacterial joint infection is present, repeated arthrocenteses may be required over several days to confirm the diagnosis.
Biaryl Analogues of Conformationally Constrained Tricyclic Tropanes as Potent and Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Uptake Inhibition at Monoamine Transporter Sites

A series of novel conformationally constrained tricyclic tropane derivatives containing a biaryl moiety, (Z)-9-(biarylylmethylene)-7-azatricyclo[4.3.1.03,7]decanes, were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit reuptake of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine (NE) by the DA, 5-HT, and NE transporters. Most of the compounds containing a methoxycarbonyl substituent at C-10 exhibit moderate to high inhibitory activity at the NET but lower activity at the DAT and SERT. Among these new compounds, some potent, NET-selective ligands were identified. The p-methoxy derivative 11a has a Ki value of 39 nM for uptake inhibition at the NET and moderate to high selectivity over the SERT (100-fold) and the DAT (20-fold). Compound 11f exhibits a remarkable potency (Ki = 9.7 nM) at the NET and a 25-fold selectivity over both the SERT and the DAT. Analogue 23 containing a thiophene ring as a bioisosteric replacement of the phenyl ring Ar1 displays a high activity (Ki = 10.3 nM) for the NET and ...
New approaches to the design of non-redundant aperture masks

The spatial frequencies accessible with a non-redundant mask (NRM) are fixed by the relative positions of the sub-apertures over the telescope pupil. In this paper we present several iterative algorithms for constructing nonredundant sub-apertures configurations. We use the triple correlation of a pre-existing set of n sub-apertures in order to find if, and where, a supplementary n+1th sub-aperture can be placed. As several possible locations may be found, we propose 3 different criteria to choose among them. Favoring the positions that are the closest to the center of mass of the sub-apertures ends up finding configurations similar to those described by Golay. The 2 other criteria aim at favoring higher spatial frequencies. The possibility of working with pupils of different radii in order to obtain a better coverage is briefly explored. The comparison between the configurations found with the 3 algorithms is done by computing for each of them the radial density of the spatial frequencys coverage and the total flux collected by the sub-apertures. An algebraic expression of the diffraction patterns associated to these configurations is given.