cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The tail of Cx43: its crucial protective role in acute myocardial infarction.

In the heart, synchronized contractile activity is facilitated by gap junctions, intercellular channels that underlie electrical and molecular communications between cardiac myocytes. In the ventricles of the mammalian heart, gap junctions are predominately constructed of connexin43 (Cx43) subunits. In heterozygous Cx43 knockout (Cx43/KO) mice, expression of Cx43 is roughly halved and electrical conduction in the ventricles is impaired.1 Cx43/KO mice have increased susceptibility to arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction (MI).2 Although low-resistance communication is typically desirable, a reduction of intercellular conduction during ischaemia–reperfusion episodes can be beneficial by limiting the spread of toxic metabolites that promote tissue damage.3 Decoupling the gap junctions during acute ischaemia has been shown to reduce infarct size,4 and Cx43/KO mice are reported to have smaller infarcts than their wild-type counterparts.5 Conduction via gap junctions can be post-transcriptionally regulated by the phosphorylation of various amino acids6 and by pH,7 both of which are dependent on the carboxyl terminal (CT) domain of Cx43. Maass et al. demonstrate that loss of the CT domain of Cx43 results in gap junctions that are no longer chemically regulated during ischaemia–reperfusion episodes. They show that this leads to an increased infarct size and an increased susceptibility to arrhythmias.8 To do this, they used a … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 216 445 7823; fax: +1 216 445 4166, E-mail address : chengy{at}ccf.org
Influence of trauma system implementation on process of care delivered to seriously injured patients in rural trauma centers.

Abstract Background. Statewide trauma systems are implemented by health care policy makers whose intent is to improve the process of care delivered to seriously injured patients. In Oregon, Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) training was mandated for all physicians employed in the emergency department of trauma centers. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that mandatory ATLS training favorably influenced processes of care. Methods. Seriously injured patients treated at 9 rural Level 3 and Level 4 hospitals were studied before (PRE) and after (POST) implementation of Oregon's trauma system. The processes of care evaluated on the basis of chart review were 20 diagnostic and therapeutic interventions advocated in the ATLS course. A cumulative process score (CPS) between 0 and 1 was assigned on the basis of the processes of care delivered. A CPS of 1 indicated optimal process of care. Results. Mean CPS for 506 PRE period patients (0.44 ± 0.27) was significantly lower than the mean CPS for 512 POST period patients (0.57 ± 0.27) with an unpaired t test ( P Conclusions. Process of care for seriously injured patients improved after categorization of rural trauma centers in Oregon. Evidence shows improved process of care may have benefitted patients with serious but survivable injuries. Measurement of process of care is an alternative to mortality analysis as an indication of the quality of care. (Surgery 2001;130:273-9.)
Understanding people's willingness to implement measures to manage human–bear conflict in Florida

In 2009, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) began surveying individuals who reported human–bear conflicts. The purpose of this survey is to assess whether individuals take actions recommended by the FWC to reduce or eliminate conflicts. Using logit analysis, we determined which factors influenced the likelihood that surveyed individuals would follow the advice provided by the FWC for managing human–bear conflicts. We found outreach efforts by the FWC increased the probability that people who report conflicts to the agency adopted recommended measures to reduce these conflicts. Our results indicate that outreach efforts by wildlife agencies increase the likelihood that people will alter their behavior to reduce human–bear conflicts. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Moving to a user-driven research paradigm.

The traditional bench-to-bedside paradigm for clinical research has been successfully used for many decades. This model of knowledge generation has led to discoveries that have enhanced the quality and length of life. The combination of changes in research practice and in healthcare delivery, growing complexity in decisionmaking, increasing use of Electronic Health Records, and growing resource constraints, necessitate a shift to a user-driven research paradigm to generate new knowledge. This conceptual framework was created to clarify the perspective of the decision-makers, and the range of factors and the variability in thresholds used to make decisions. This framework may help researchers in creating actionable information to meet the needs of decision-makers, which is needed for the transition to a user-driven research paradigm. Further, it is important to create an appropriate set of incentives to facilitate this transition to a user-driven research paradigm.
Limited Search and the Technology Choices of Multinational Firms in Brazil

I. Introduction 263.—II. Limited search and technology transfer, 265.—III. Empirical results, 271.—IV. Policy implications, 286.
Sprinkler systems in electrical control rooms: cause for anxiety or responsible safety design?

Fire protection in electrical control rooms can be a controversial subject, but it is an important one, especially in today's highly regulated society. The prospect of using sprinkler systems around electrical equipment can cause anxiety. Conducting a risk analysis, considering available options, selecting appropriate protection, and being prepared for emergency response will result in an optimum design and safe operation. One company's recommended practice serves as a basis for guidelines on how to choose appropriate fire protection for electrical control rooms. >
Why do exercise and dietary restriction during pregnancy affect glucose tolerance in opposite ways

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) or adult-onset diabetes has significantly increased in the U.S. during the past several decades not only in adults (1) but also in adolescents (2) and children (3). In view of the health, personal, and financial burdens of T2D (2,4), the high interest and effort toward its prevention or reversal is understandable. A new approach to the study of the etiology and potential prevention of T2D is the analysis of epigenetic and adaptive changes in glucose clearance and insulin action by dietary and exercise manipulations during pregnancy and the perinatal periods. As there have been historical (5,6) and epidemiological (7) opportunities to observe the consequences of dietary energy deficiency during pregnancy or the early postnatal period to glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and other metabolic functions of the offspring, a substantial new body of knowledge has emerged and implicated intrauterine growth retardation because of severe food restriction in late pregnancy in the reduced size of the endocrine pancreas and its capacity to secrete insulin (8,9). Semistarvation during pregnancy reduced fasting insulin and glucose tolerance (10) and insulin resistance in the liver (11). Unexpectedly, exposure to the opposite extreme of energy balance during pregnancy such as maternal obesity (12) is also associated with increased …
Evaluation of alternative presentation control techniques

Although slideshow presentation applications, such as PowerPoint™ have been popular for years, the techniques commercially available to control them rely on mouse and keyboard, which can be restrictive for the presenters. We evaluated two representative alternative designs of presentation control techniques - Bare Hand and Laser Pointer, through a Wizard-of-Oz user study. The result showed that Bare Hand was better than Laser Pointer and Standard (mouse/keyboard) control in terms of acceptance and preference from both presenters and audience. We also proposed design directions based on user feedback.
Improving human-robot interaction through adaptation to the auditory scene

Effective communication with a mobile robot using speech is a difficult problem even when you can control the auditory scene. Robot ego-noise, echoes, and human interference are all common sources of decreased intelligibility. In real-world environments, however, these common problems are supplemented with many different types of background noise sources. For instance, military scenarios might be punctuated by high decibel plane noise and bursts from weaponry that mask parts of the speech output from the robot. Even in non-military settings, however, fans, computers, alarms, and transportation noise can cause enough interference that they might render a traditional speech interface unintelligible. In this work, we seek to overcome these problems by applying robotic advantages of sensing and mobility to a text-to-speech interface. Using perspective taking skills to predict how the human user is being affected by new sound sources, a robot can adjust its speaking patterns and/or reposition itself within the environment to limit the negative impact on intelligibility, making a speech interface easier to use.
Antigenic Relationship of Brucella ovis and Brucella melitensis

Immune sera were prepared in rabbits by the injection of living and acetone-killed cells of Brucella ovis and smooth and rough B. melitensis. The use of whole-cell antigens in agglutination and agglutinin-absorption tests revealed little relationship between B. ovis and smooth B. melitensis, although there was extensive cross-agglutination between B. ovis and rough B. melitensis. The use of water-soluble antigens prepared from ultrasonically treated cells of the three strains revealed extensive cross-reactions in indirect hemagglutination, agar gel precipitation, and immunoelectrophoresis tests, as well as in allergic skin tests in rabbits. The most definitive results were obtained with the immunoelectrophoresis technique. B. ovis antigen produced at least 11 lines with its homologous serum. All were removed by absorption of the serum with rough B. melitensis antigen. All but three were removed by absorption with smooth B. melitensis antigen. Smooth B. melitensis antigen produced 11 lines with its homologous serum, and all but 3 were removed by absorption with B. ovis antigen. Rough B. melitensis produced nine lines with its homologous serum, and eight were removed by B. ovis antigen. The extensive cross-reactions between soluble antigens of B. ovis and B. melitensis are added evidence that B. ovis belongs in the genus Brucella.
A Coarse Grain Model for Lipid Monolayer and Bilayer Studies

Experimental work on complex condensed matter can address a broad range of temporal and spatial scales, from femtosecond dynamics and atomistic detail to real-time macroscopic phenomena. Simulation methods in which each atom is explicitly represented are well established but have difficulty addressing many cooperative effects of experimental and theoretical interest. There is simply too large a gap between the time and spatial scales that govern typical intramolecular events and those which are relevant for collective motions. One example is the spatial rearrangement of membrane species such as occur in the formation of a lipid raft [1] or membrane fusion. Available simulation techniques for specific time and spatial scales are illustrated schematically in Fig. 2.1. These techniques take a variety of approaches to reduce the level of detail in the representation of the system under study as the time and/or length scales grow. This will be discussed further in Sect. 2.3. Bridging these disparate scales is possible with multiscale modeling [2,3,4] in which the various levels of treatment are coupled and fed back into one another.
miRDB: an online resource for microRNA target prediction and functional annotations

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are extensively involved in many physiological and disease processes. One major challenge in miRNA studies is the identification of genes regulated by miRNAs. To this end, we have developed an online resource, miRDB (http://mirdb.org), for miRNA target prediction and functional annotations. Here, we describe recently updated features of miRDB, including 2.1 million predicted gene targets regulated by 6709 miRNAs. In addition to presenting precompiled prediction data, a new feature is the web server interface that allows submission of user-provided sequences for miRNA target prediction. In this way, users have the flexibility to study any custom miRNAs or target genes of interest. Another major update of miRDB is related to functional miRNA annotations. Although thousands of miRNAs have been identified, many of the reported miRNAs are not likely to play active functional roles or may even have been falsely identified as miRNAs from high-throughput studies. To address this issue, we have performed combined computational analyses and literature mining, and identified 568 and 452 functional miRNAs in humans and mice, respectively. These miRNAs, as well as associated functional annotations, are presented in the FuncMir Collection in miRDB.
Quo vadis neoliberalism? The remaking of global capitalist governance after the Washington Consensus

The Washington Consensus, through which neoliberal global capitalist governance gained hegemony over the third world, entered a crisis in the late 1990s. Triggered by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, and by contestations of neoliberal governance from global civil society, two remakings of global capitalist governance can be identified: A ‘post-Washington consensus’ whose relation to neoliberalism is complex; and a ‘new development economics’ that advocates Keynesian principles. Irrespective of the trajectory of this emergent phase of re-regulation, particularly after the 2008 global finance crisis, these remakings can be conceptualized as supplements reinforcing an imaginary of capitalism as the solution to, rather than progenitor of, uneven development. Through discourses of capitalist development as a sequential trajectory to be followed by all countries, as flattening the world to enable catch-up by backward countries, and as incorporating socio-spatial difference via its commodification, this socio-spatial imaginary functions to legitimate expertise located in the first world, and global capitalist governance, irrespective of serial policy failures.
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the amygdala are necessary for the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat

Here, we describe a biologically relevant model called conditioned defeat that is used to examine behavioral responses to social defeat in Syrian hamsters. In this model experimental animals that are normally aggressive experience social defeat and consequently display high levels of submissive/defensive behavior even in response to non-threatening conspecifics. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors within the amygdala play an important role in conditioned fear; therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether NMDA receptors within the amygdala are necessary for the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat. Specifically, the present study examined whether bilateral infusions of the NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5; 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 microg) into the amygdala would block the acquisition of conditioned defeat. Subsequently, we examined whether bilateral infusions of AP5 (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 microg) into the amygdala prior to testing would block the expression of conditioned defeat. Infusions of AP5 into the amygdala immediately before the initial social defeat significantly reduced submissive/defensive behavior when hamsters were tested the following day with a non-aggressive intruder. Similarly, infusions of AP5 into the amygdala immediately before exposure to a non-aggressive intruder significantly attenuated the display of submissive/defensive behavior. These data demonstrate that NMDA receptors are necessary for both the acquisition and expression of conditioned defeat. We believe that conditioned defeat is a unique and valuable animal model with which to investigate the neurobiology of fear-related changes in social behavior.
Rational synthesis of graphene–metal coordination polymer composite nanosheet as enhanced materials for electrochemical biosensing

The designed synthesis of graphene-based nanocomposites for enhancing their different potential application is of great interest recently. In this paper, we demonstrated a new class of high-quality graphene-based nanocomposites: metal coordination polymer–graphene nanosheets (MCPGNs). The as-obtained nanocomposite, combining the unique properties of graphene (excellent conductivity and high specific surface area) and MCPs (tunable pore size, large internal surface areas and versatility of functionality), can act as an efficient matrix to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOD). Furthermore, the as-prepared MCPGNs exhibit better conductivity and electrocatalytic activity for H2O2 reduction than graphene. Based on these excellent properties, a sensitive electrochemical biosensing platform for glucose was fabricated. This novel biosensor displays a linear response range between 50 nM and 1 mM with a detection limit of 5 nM. Our work not only provides a facile, effective and general route for the synthesis of a variety of MCP–graphene nanohybrids, but also sets an example for fabricating an electrochemical biosensor with this new kind of nanohybrid as an enhanced material and can be easily extended to other biosensors. These interesting results suggested the great potential of MCP–graphene nanocomposites in the field of electroanalytical chemistry.
The precision of Mickey's unbiased ratio estimator

The precision of Mickey's unbiased ratio estimator is investigated for two models. Comparisons with other ratio estimators are also made. Reasults for the second model are exact for any sample size.
Forming and Sintering Behavior of B‐ and C‐Doped α and β‐SiC

The effects of forming pressure and sintering temperature on shrinkuge, density, and phase composition of α- and β-SiC were determined. Alpha SiC developed the 4H phase at the expense of the 6H phase at >2150°C. The beta form converted to the 6H phuse at >2000°C, with intermediate development of the 15R and 4H phases
Prevention of childhood accidents by eliminating the agent of injury

EVFORTS des igne d to p r e v e n t acc iden t s by in f luenc ing the behav io r o f the po ten t i a l v ic t im have no t b e e n as successful as a t t e m p t s to m a k e the e n v i r o n m e n t Safer and to e l imina te the agents o f injury. 1-4 Ind iv idua l phys ic i ans have genera l ly c o n c e n t r a t e d the i r efforts at acc iden t p reven t ion u p o n in f luenc ing b e h a v i o r by pa t i en t education, bu t it is n o w poss ib le to dec rease acc iden ts in chi ldren in add i t i ona l ways. A n e x a m p l e o f an a t t e m p t to at tack the agen t o f in jury a n d to p r e v e n t f u r t he r acc iden ts is r epo r t e d here .
The construction of special coprime factorizations in discrete time

Given a rational, discrete-time transfer matrix, it is shown how to construct two special kinds of coprime factorizations for it-normalized and all-pass denominator. This is done in two ways. First, by carrying the existing continuous-time construction results to discrete-time via a bilinear transformation. This is shown to be messy and computationally burdensome. Second, direct constructions are derived in discrete time. The derivations point out interesting differences between discrete and continuous time for these constructions. >
Metabolic Resistance in Bed Bugs

Blood-feeding insects have evolved resistance to various insecticides (organochlorines, pyrethroids, carbamates, etc.) through gene mutations and increased metabolism. Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) are hematophagous ectoparasites that are poised to become one of the major pests in households throughout the United States. Currently, C. lectularius has attained a high global impact status due to its sudden and rampant resurgence. Resistance to pesticides is one factor implicated in this phenomenon. Although much emphasis has been placed on target sensitivity, little to no knowledge is available on the role of key metabolic players (e.g., cytochrome P450s and glutathione S-transferases) towards pesticide resistance in C. lectularius. In this review, we discuss different modes of resistance (target sensitivity, penetration resistance, behavioral resistance, and metabolic resistance) with more emphasis on metabolic resistance.
Trace Analysis of Nanoscale Materials by Analytical Electron Microscopy

Trace analysis of nanometer-scale objects can be performed with parallel-detection electron energy loss spectrometry in the analytical electron microscope. Spectra are collected in the second difference mode with the beam current chosen to maximize the spectral count rate. Numerous elements can be detected at trace levels below 100 parts per million atomic, including transition metal, alkali metal, alkaline earth, and rare earth elements, provided they have a “white line” resonance structure at the ionization edge. Trace nanoanalysis by AEM/PEELS permits direct examination of the microscopic distribution of trace constituents.
Generation of African Easterly Wave Disturbances: Relationship to the African Easterly Jet

Abstract The relationship between African easterly waves and the background climatology in which they form is studied using a regional climate model. The surface and lateral boundary conditions in the model are manipulated to modify the background climatology, especially the African easterly jet and the ITCZ, and the behavior of the waves in these different settings is evaluated. Three climate simulations are presented, with monthly mean lateral and surface boundary conditions. One has a strong jet and a strong ITCZ, the second has a strong jet and a weak ITCZ, and the third has a weak jet and a strong ITCZ. In these simulations, the presence of wave activity is more closely associated with the concentration of the ITCZ than the strength of the African easterly jet. In particular, the simulation with a strong jet accompanied by a weak ITCZ does not produce significant wave activity, but a weak jet with a strong ITCZ has realistic wave disturbances. Both the Charney–Stern and the Fjortoft necessary conditi...
Efficient Harmonic Filter Allocation in an Industrial Distribution System

In order to properly suppress the harmonic current in a power system, the harmonic similarity metric is developed in this paper and used to establish an efficient strategy for harmonic filter placement. To validate the strategy, an industrial distribution system is analyzed under two harmonic current injection scenarios. It is demonstrated that the proposed strategy has a robust ability to successfully determine the most efficient and effective location for placing a harmonic filter bank based upon the desired objectives. The two harmonic current injection scenarios serve to validate the proposed strategy regardless of the power distribution level at which harmonic current is injected.
Characteristics of the Immunosuppression Induced by Cutaneous Photodynamic Therapy: Persistence, Antigen Specificity and Cell Type Involved¶

Abstract Relatively little is known about the immunosuppression induced in mice which have received cutaneous photodynamic therapy (PDT). Consequently, experiments were undertaken using mice which received dorsal PDT using Photofrin® as the photosensitizer in an attempt to characterize the overall nature of the immunosuppression. Photoirradiation of mice at various times after injection indicated there was no correlation between photosensitivity and immunosuppression. The suppression was found to be adoptively transferable and antigen specific suggesting the generation of suppressor cells. Selective cell depletions prior to adoptive transfer indicated a CD4+ T cell to be responsible for the immunosuppression. Interestingly, using allogeneic spleen cells, no effect on the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was found. The results indicate that the suppression induced by cutaneous PDT, with the exception of the lack of DTH suppression, is similar to that induced by UVB irradiation but unlike that r...
213 Effects of creep feed pellet diameter on suckling and nursery pig performance

Citation: Clark, A. B., De Jong, J. A., DeRouchey, J. M., Tokach, M. D., Dritz, S. S., Goodband, R. D., & Woodworth, J. C. (2016). Effects of creep feed pellet diameter on suckling and nursery pig performance. Journal of Animal Science, 94, 100-101. doi:10.2527/msasas2016-213
Defect accumulation in rubber

Abstract It has been demonstrated that the material adjacent to the fracture plane in cured rubber specimens can scatter intense x-ray radiation at small angles. This phenomenon is associated with the presence in the material of voids of very small size. These microvoids exist only adjacent to the fracture surface and are the result of the loading imposed to create the macroscopic fracture. The significance of these microscopic defects is their influence on the manner in which externally applied loads produce fracture of rubber; that is, they provide a link between the experimentally observed fracture behavior of rubbers and the fundamental processes governing this behavior. To cite a few examples, it has been observed that the critical value of tearing energy required for catastrophic failure of a rubber specimen differs for a static versus dynamic mode of deformation. It can be recognized that these differences are related, not only to rate effects, but also to the differences in the state of the fractu...
Fibrous nanoinclusions in massive rose quartz: HRTEM and AEM investigations

Pink fibrous crystals within massive rose quartz from localities in California, South Dakota, Brazil, Madagascar, and Namibia were examined with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM). This study reveals that the nanofibers in all samples are related to dumortierite. Selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and HRTEM images indicate that the dumortierite-related fibers have a superstructure with a doubled periodicity along the a and b axes of dumortierite, giving cell parameters a = 2a_(dum) = 2.36 nm, b = 2b_(dum) = 4.05 nm, c = c_(dum) = 0.47 nm. Computer simulations suggest that periodic arrangements of two different M1 site occupancies in the octahedral face-sharing chains give rise to the superstructure. One type of M1 site is occupied mainly by Al, whereas the other type is dominated by Ti and Fe. Simulated HRTEM images based on our proposed model match the experimental images. Most of the fibers, elongated along the c axis, are free of defects. AEM analysis shows that the dumortierite-related fibers have a composition similar to well-characterized dumortierite, but that they contain a greater amount of Fe substituting for Al in the M1 sites. Boron was detected in all fibers examined by electron energy loss spectroscopy as well as in sillimanite crystals found as a minor component in one rose quartz from Brazil.
Risks of adverse events in colorectal patients: population-based study.

Abstract Background Postoperative (PO) outcomes are rapidly being integrated into value-based purchasing programs and associated penalties are slated for inclusion in the near future. Colorectal surgery procedures are extremely common and account for a high proportion of morbidity among general surgery. We sought to assess adverse events in colorectal surgical patients. Methods We performed a retrospective study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 2008–2012. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes and classified based on procedure indication: colon cancer, benign polyps, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and ischemic colitis. The outcome of interest was inpatient adverse event identified by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's patient safety indicators (PSIs). Results We identified 1,100,184 colorectal patients who underwent major surgery; 2.7% developed a PSI during their hospital stay. Compared to all colorectal patients, those with ischemic colitis had significantly higher risk-adjusted rates per 1000 case for pressure ulcer (50.20), failure to rescue (211.30), central line bloodstream infection (2.33) and PO DE/deep vein thrombosis (16.02), and sepsis (46.99), whereas benign polyps were associated with significantly lower risk-adjusted rates per 1000 cases for pressure ulcer (11.48), failure to rescue (84.79), central line bloodstream infection (0.97) and PO pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis (4.81), and sepsis (11.23). Compared to both patient demographic and clinical characteristics, the procedure indication was the strongest predictor of any PSI relevant to colorectal surgery; patients with ischemic colitis had higher odds of experiencing a PSI (odds ratio, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–1.99) compared with cancer patients. Conclusions Among colorectal surgery patients, inpatient events were not uncommon. We found important differential rates of adverse events by diagnostic category, with the highest odds ratio occurring in patients undergoing surgery for ischemic colitis. Our work elaborates the need for rigorous risk adjustment, quality improvement strategies for high-risk populations, and attention to detail in calculating financial incentives in emerging value-based purchasing programs.
Water vs. cucurbituril rim: a fierce competition for guest solvation

The impact of remote substituents on the affinity of cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) towards a homologous series of guests, which differ from one another only by a single substituent, and adopt the same geometry within the cavity of the macrocycle, is presented for the first time, and is used to decipher the competition between water and the carbonylated portal of CB[7] for the stabilization of positively charged guests. Binding affinities of CB[7] towards substituted N-benzyl-trimethylsilylmethylammonium cations relative to the unsubstituted member (X = H) range from 0.9 (X = CH3) to 3.1 (X = SO2CF3), and correlate very precisely with a linear combination of Swain–Lupton field/inductive (F; 67%) and resonance (R; 33%) parameters tabulated for each substituent. We show that this subtle sensitivity results exclusively from the balance between two competing mechanisms, on which the substituents exert an approximately 11 times greater impact: (1) the solvation of the ammonium unit and its immediate surroundings by water in the free guests, and (2) the coulombic attraction between the ammonium unit and the rim of CB[7] in the complexes.
Research Update: Spin transfer torques in permalloy on monolayer MoS2

We observe current induced spin transfer torque resonance in permalloy (Py) grown on monolayer MoS2. By passing rf current through the Py/MoS2 bilayer, field-like and damping-like torques are induced which excite the ferromagnetic resonance of Py. The signals are detected via a homodyne voltage from anisotropic magnetoresistance of Py. In comparison to other bilayer systems with strong spin-orbit torques, the monolayer MoS2 cannot provide bulk spin Hall effects and thus indicates the purely interfacial nature of the spin transfer torques. Therefore our results indicate the potential of two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide for the use of interfacial spin-orbitronics applications.
Adult BMI and physical activity: retrospective evaluation of high school sport and recreation participation.

Research reports children and adolescents who are physically active (PA) are more likely to be active as adults. Physical Activity (PA) levels and BMI status were examined among adults who participated in sport and recreational activities while attending high school. The current study consists of 1363 adults who completed the questionnaire. Correlations were used to assess associations among variables and a regression analysis was used to describe the combined effect of BMI status on the outcome of interest (PA). The current study revealed participates who participated in sports or recreational activities while in high school reported to have more individuals in the normal (healthy) BMI category and met the American PA recommendations for the number of day and minutes engaged in moderate and vigorous physical activity. Data suggests participation in sport and recreational activities while in high school positively influences levels of adult PA and healthier BMIs.
Observation of Melting in 30 ÅDiameter CdS Nanocrystals

Temperature dependent electron diffraction studies on 30 A diameter CdS nanocrystals are described. The linear thermal expansion coefficient of the nanocrystals is 2.75 * 10−5 A/K,and the melting point is 575 K. These data are in contrast to bulk CdS which has a melting point of 1750 K and a linear expansion coefficient of 5.5 * 10−6A/K. The observed depression in the melting point of these semiconductor clusters is similar to effects observed in metals and molecular crystals, indicating that the phenomenon of reduced melting point in small systems is a general one regardless of the type of material. The observation of melting point depression in these clusters also has far reaching implications for the preparation of highly crystalline clusters of CdS, as well as for the use of these nanocrystals as precursors to thin films.
Clinical characteristics and epidemiology of novel bunyavirus human infection cases in Dandong city,2010- 2012

Objective To analyze the clinical features and epidemiological characteristics of human infection of novel bunyavirus and to provide evidences for making prevention and control measures. Methods Case study was conducted with uniform diagnostic criteria and questionnaire survey. Results From 2010 to 2012,a total of 52 cases of novel bunyavirus infection were confirmed in Dandong city,with an average annual incidence rate of 2. 16 /100 000 and a fatality rate of 7. 69%. The main clinical manifestations of the cases were fever( 100%),body pain( 82. 7%),headache( 75%),fatigue( 71. 2%),and nausea( 76. 9%). The blood examinations showed a reduced platelet counts( 98. 1%) and a decreased white blood cell count( 92. 3%). Of the cases 71. 2% showed symptoms of a cold. A great number of cases came from the mountainous and hilly areas and the majority of the cases were male,elderly persons,farmers,with the onset time from June to October. A clear history of tick bite before the onset was reported by 48. 1% of the cases. A secondary case was the sister of a confirmed male case and had a hsitory of blood contact. Conclusion The initial clinical symptoms of novel bunyarirus infection are cold and atypical symptoms and the incidence of the infection presents obvious geographical characteristics,with sporadic cases. Animal and tick vector play an important role in human bunyavirus infection but human to human transmission of the virus could not be ruled out.
Community detection with prior knowledge

The problem of community detection is a challenging one because of the presence of hubs and noisy links, which tend to create highly imbalanced graph clusters. Often, these resulting clusters are not very intuitive and difficult to interpret. With the growing availability of network information, there is a significant amount of prior knowledge available about the communities in social, communication and several other networks. These community labels may be noisy and very limited, though they do help in community detection. In this paper, we explore the use of such noisy labeled information for finding high quality communities. We will present an adaptive density-based clustering which allows flexible incorporation of prior knowledge in to the community detection process. We use a random walk framework to compute the node densities and the level of supervision regulates the node densities and the quality of resulting density based clusters. Our framework is general enough to produce both overlapping and non-overlapping clusters. We empirically show that even with a tiny amount of supervision, our approach can produce superior communities compared to popular baselines.
Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus: A Complex Relationship

This chapter explores the complex relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. When either disease is undiagnosed or poorly managed, risk for the other disease increases. In addition, the optimal management of both diseases is essential to prevent adverse sequelae that can occur in a bidirectional manner. Studies in this area have been confounded by variability in the type of diabetes studied, diabetes treatment regimens, the level of diabetic control, the presence or absence of diabetic complications, periodontal disease severity, the periodontal therapy used, and the numbers of subjects enrolled with vastly different inclusion and exclusion criteria. Despite these challenges, the preponderance of evidence supports a bidirectional relationship requiring collaboration between medical and dental practitioners for the provision of optimal healthcare services to the growing population of patients with both diabetes and periodontal diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in these disease processes would enable a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers including the dentist and hygienist to provide optimal therapy for this complex patient population. In addition, the challenges faced in interprofessional management of patients with diabetes and periodontal diseases will also be addressed.
Sclerosing Pneumocytoma with Lymph Node Metastasis.

A 33-year-old woman with a family history of multiple cancers had been undergoing surveillance scans. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cysts in the kidney and pancreas, multiple hemangiomas in the liver, and a lesion in the left lower lobe (LLL) of the lung. Repeat positron emission tomogram/computed tomography demonstrated a 1.8 1.6-cm nodule (Fig. 1) within the LLL. The patient underwent endobronchial ultrasound– guided fine needle aspiration biopsy of the LLL nodule, which showed hypercellular smears containing uniform, cuboidal, round, and oval medium-sized cells. They were diffusely positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, and negative for neuroendocrine cell markers. The diagnosis was well-differentiated lung adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic LLL lobectomy, which showed a well-circumscribed 2.5-cm yellow-tan nodule composed of mostly monomorphic, cuboidal surface cells and round cells with pink to clear cytoplasm and well-defined cell borders in papillary, solid, and sclerotic growth patterns. Occasional hemorrhagic foci were also present. A focal area of mild cytologic atypia was noted. A focus of metastatic tumor deposit containing solid sheets of cells was identified in one of the peribronchial lymph nodes. The results of staining for thyroid transcription factor-1 and epithelial membrane antigen were positive in both surface and round cells, but cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin AE1/AE3 stained only surface cells (Fig. 2). The cytomorphologic examination findings and immunoprofile were consistent with sclerosing pneumocytoma (SP) with a lymph node metastasis. SP (previously called sclerosing hemangioma) is a rare tumor of the lung that is thought to arise from primitive respiratory epithelium. This tumor usually occurs in middle-aged adults with a male-to-female ratio of 1:5. 1 Surgical resection is curative without a need for additional treatment. Although SP is considered a benign tumor, we found a lymph node (LN)
From Award to Association

In the early 2000s, Dan Yergin (’68), a Pulitzer Prize-winning author and one of the world’s leading energy experts, attended a Marshall Scholar holiday party at an Embassy official’s residence in Washington, DC. Over mulled wine and mince pies, he struck up a conversation with a young Harvard Law graduate with an interest in energy issues. Today, because of that serendipitous meeting, the two share a close personal and professional relationship. “You can’t ask for a better mentor,” says Jason Bordoff (’95), who now directs Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy, and who previously served in the White House as a Special Assistant to President Obama on the National Security Council. “Dan has been so generous with his time. He serves on my advisory board, and spoke at our center’s launch in April of [2013].”
Brain Morphology in First-Episode Schizophrenia

Objective: Neuroimaging studies have provided robust evidence that schizophrenia is associated with structural brain abnormalities. However, the underlying pathophysiology of these changes is still unknown. By evaluating brain morphology early in the course of illness, confounding effects oftreatment and duration ofiliness are minimized. The goal ofthis study was to evaluate brain structure in patients early in the course ofschizophrenia who had received no or minimal neuroleptics. Method: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate 1 2 male and 12 female patients experiencing their first episode ofschizophrenia (mean duration ofpsychotic episode=14 weeks) and 12 male and 12 female normal volunteers equivalent in age, height, and parents’ socioeconomic status. A totally automated method was used to analyze scans, yielding volumes ofbrain tissue and CSF, divided into lobes. Results: The patient group had significantly more total CSF than the comparison subjects. This was accounted f or by higher levels ofintersulcal CSF as well as ventricular CSF. There were no differences in total volume of brain tissue between the two groups, but patients had a significant regionally specific decrement in frontal lobe tissue compared with the normal subjects. � clusions: These findings indicate that structural brain abnormalities are present very early in schizophrenia and may not be due to factors such as treatment or chronicity ofiliness. Rather, since the abnormalities are present near the onset ofthe illness, a neurodevelopmental mechanism may be suggested. (Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:1721-1723)
Volume of Brain Herniation in Patients with Ischemic Stroke After Decompressive Craniectomy.

Background Decompressive craniectomy procedures are performed in patients with malignant intracranial hypertension. A bone flap is removed to relieve pressure. Later, a second operation is performed to reconstruct the skull after brain swelling has resolved. This surgical treatment would be improved if it were possible to perform a single operation that decompressed the brain acutely and eliminated the need for a second operation. To design a device and procedure that achieve this objective, it is essential to understand how the brain swells after a craniectomy procedure. Methods We identified 20 patients with ischemic stroke who underwent a decompressive hemicraniectomy operation. Skull defect morphology and postoperative brain swelling were measured using computed tomography scan data. Additional intracranial volume created by placing a hypothetical cranial plate implant offset from the skull surface by 5 mm was measured for each patient. Results The average craniectomy area and brain herniation volume was 9999 ± 1283 mm 2 and 30.48 ± 23.56 mL, respectively. In all patients, the additional volume created by this hypothetical implant exceeded the volume of brain herniation observed. Conclusions These findings show that a cranial plate with a 5-mm offset accommodates the brain swelling that occurs in this patient population.
K-2 High-performance and low-Power SRAMs design in nano-scale CMOS technology

Summary form only given. Static random access memory (SRAM) is key to today's high-performance and low-power VLSI system design. Among various embedded memory technologies, SRAM is able to provide the highest performance while maintaining low standby power consumption. As Moore's law drives the CMOS technology feature size well below 100 nm regime, there are many new technology and design challenges facing today's SRAM development, including cell stability scaling and power management. In this presentation, the state-of-the-art CMOS technology scaling will be first examined. Key scaling challenges along with technology innovations such as uniaxial strain Si technology will be discussed. Then, the scaling of the SRAM cell design will be evaluated in light of the technology scaling. Various design techniques, e.g., the use of dynamic multi-VCC, in mitigating the scaling difficulties in read stability and write margin will be presented. Power reduction techniques will also be discussed from both process and design perspectives, including transistor design and use of dynamic sleep transistors. Design implementation based on the state-of-the-art CPUs will also be presented.
Free-free opacity in dense plasmas with an average atom model

Abstract A model for the free-free opacity of dense plasmas is presented. The model uses a previously developed average atom model, together with the Kubo-Greenwood model for optical conductivity. This, in turn, is used to calculate the opacity with the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations. Comparisons to other methods for dense deuterium results in excellent agreement with DFT-MD simulations, and reasonable agreement with a simple Yukawa screening model corrected to satisfy the conductivity sum rule. Comparisons against the very recent experiments of Kettle et al. for dense aluminum also reveal very good agreement, in contrast to existing models. Weaknesses in the model are also highlighted.
Motocross-associated head and spine injuries in adult patients evaluated in an emergency department

Abstract Background Motor vehicle–related injuries (including off-road) are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and acute traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States. Objectives To describe motocross-related head and spine injuries of adult patients presenting to an academic emergency department (ED). Methods We performed an observational cohort study of adult ED patients evaluated for motocross-related injuries from 2010 through 2015. Electronic health records were reviewed and data extracted using a standardized review process. Results A total of 145 motocross-related ED visits (143 unique patients) were included. Overall, 95.2% of patients were men with a median age of 25 years. Sixty-seven visits (46.2%) were associated with head or spine injuries. Forty-three visits (29.7%) were associated with head injuries, and 46 (31.7%) were associated with spine injuries. Among the 43 head injuries, 36 (83.7%) were concussions. Seven visits (16.3%) were associated with at least 1 head abnormality identified by computed tomography, including skull fracture (n = 2), subdural hematoma (n = 1), subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 4), intraparenchymal hemorrhage (n = 3), and diffuse axonal injury (n = 3). Among the 46 spine injuries, 32 (69.6%) were acute spinal fractures. Seven patients (4.9%) had clinically significant and persistent neurologic injuries. One patient (0.7%) died, and 3 patients had severe TBIs. Conclusion Adult patients evaluated in the ED after motocross trauma had high rates of head and spine injuries with considerable morbidity and mortality. Almost half had head or spine injuries (or both), with permanent impairment for nearly 5% and death for 0.7%.