cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Model for Recruiting and Retaining Teachers in Alaska's Rural K–12 Schools

The Alaska Statewide Mentor Project (ASMP) is a joint effort of the University of Alaska and the Alaska Department of Education & Early Development to address the persistently low teacher retention rates in the state, especially in rural districts that predominantly serve Alaska Native (AN) students. Over six years, teacher retention in rural districts, measured from year to year, has increased from an average of 67% to an average of 77% among new teachers who receive ASMP mentoring (Adams & Jordan, 2012). We conducted a midcareer teacher study to determine whether ASMP also affects long-term retention and, if so, to identify contributing factors. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, we first calculated longitudinal retention rates and then interviewed midcareer teachers to identify factors supporting teacher efficacy connected to teacher retention. Interview data were coded using a framework from community psychology that employs a strengths-based perspective grounded, in this case, by...
Protocols for communicating in the factory: Five General Motors truck and bus plants and the Saginaw Division's `factory of the future¿ are set to he MAP-implemented this year

The description is given of the Manufacturing Automation Protocol (MAP), a set of communication protocols based on a bus configuration, in which network stations are wired together with a common bus so all can receive all messages. Any station, when sending a message, designates in the address portion of that message where it should go. All other stations receive the transmitted message and examine its address field (a code for the particular station to which the message is being sent). If a station decodes its own address, it takes the appropriate action; otherwise it ignores the message. MAP development programs have evolved to the point of making products available for network implementation, and users should begin planning for MAP or inquiring about MAP products from computer and communications suppliers. The first plant-wide implementation of MAP at General Motors will take place in 1986 at five truck and bus plants and at a factory-of-the-future project in Saginaw, Michigan.
Modeling microbial fate in the subsurface environment

As groundwater is relied upon more and more as a source of drinking water, the practice of recharging groundwater with treated wastewater has become a more attractive means of replenishing depleted groundwater reserves. However, even extensively treated wastewater may contain pathogenic microorganisms, particularly enteric viruses. Once in the soil, these microorganisms, especially the viruses, are capable of migrating considerable distances to reach groundwater, where they pose a potential health hazard to persons consuming the water. Over one half of the waterborne disease outbreaks in the U.S. are due to the use of contaminated groundwater, and microorganisms are the cause of illness in the majority of these outbreaks. Several models have been developed to predict the behavior of microorganisms in the subsurface environment. These models range from conventional, theoretical models of contaminant transport to empirically based models using laboratory and field data. The ultimate goal of the models is to...
A cloud service for trust management in cognitive radio networks

Transferring computations for cognitive radio network (CRN) management to a computer cloud opens the possibility to implement new, possibly more accurate and powerful resource management strategies. Algorithms to discover communication channels currently in use by a primary transmitter and identify malicious nodes with high probability could be based on past history; when the trust is computed by the mobile devices this approach is not feasible because such algorithms require massive amounts of data and intensive computations. In this paper, we introduce a cloud service based on a novel trust management algorithm; this solution, applicable to infrastructure-based and to ad hoc CRNs, ensures secure and robust operation in the presence of malicious nodes. We discuss the economic benefits, scalability and robustness of the proposed service for different network configurations and parameters.
Population based control selection and nonresponse among case-control studies in cancer research

Purpose To examine response rate reporting in current epidemiology literature and nonresponse bias from a recent population-based case-control study on kidney cancer in Cook County, IL. Methods A literature review and summary of 62 population-based case-control studies on cancer from eight epidemiology and public health journals published during 2000–2004 was conducted to examine response rate reporting, trends in response rates and factors associated with nonresponse. Additionally, the association of nonresponse with age, gender, race (CMS and cases only) and community area was examined from a recently completed case-control study on kidney cancer in Cook County. Results The article review showed lower participation rates among controls from RDD samples, mail interview surveys and for studies on more common forms of cancer. Most articles did not present a final disposition of sample or a formula for calculating response rates. However, a study of the response rates reported in the 62 articles selected showed a decrease in response rates of 10%–15% since the late 1980's. Using data from the Kidney Cancer Study and modified AAPOR response rate formula number 5, defined as all completed interviews (I) divided by the sum of completed interviews (I), partially completed interviews (P), refusals (R), and noncontact (NC) response codes, the response rate was 72% for cases and 49% for controls. An analysis of nonresponse bias among cases showed that participation decreased significantly with age, with an OR of 0.97 for a one year increase (95% CI 0.98 to 0.99) and DMV control participation was higher for members of a community area that was more than 70% black, with an OR of 2.08 (95% CI 1.16 to 2.73). Conclusions Response rate formulas or calculations for population-based case-control studies are not being presented in current epidemiology literature. Furthermore, response rates appear to be declining despite an increase in response effort. Evidence of lower then expected response rates and nonresponse bias of age among cases and community area among controls is present in a recently conducted case-control study on kidney cancer in Cook County, IL.
The global expansion of children’s television: a case study of the adaptation of Sesame Street in Spain

The landscape of children’s programming is changing because of the increased exportation of children’s television programs created in the USA. Networks have been aggressively marketing programs to an international audience through individual program sales and satellite network expansion. Some see problems as a result of the potential shift in cultural norms and values in areas where these programs are broadcast. An important alternative to this exportation is the co‐production process pioneered by Sesame Workshop. The results of a case study into the localization process of Sesame Street in Spain indicate that the production of Barrio Sesamo/Barri Sesam can be looked to as an example of not only the co‐production process, but also as exemplifying a process of ‘glocalization’ whereby a Spanish program has been influenced by both global and local realities imbedded in the program. The negotiation of what it means to be Spanish is constantly pushed against a global template, even in a program for preschool‐a...
Cloning of a cDNA encoding ATP sulfurylase from Arabidopsis thaliana by functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ATP sulfurylase, the first enzyme in the sulfate assimilation pathway of plants, catalyzes the formation of adenosine phosphosulfate from ATP and sulfate. Here we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding ATP sulfurylase (APS1) from Arabidopsis thaliana. APS1 was isolated by its ability to alleviate the methionine requirement of an ATP sulfurylase mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). Expression of APS1 correlated with the presence of ATP sulfurylase enzyme activity in cell extracts. APS1 is a 1748-bp cDNA with an open reading frame predicted to encode a 463-amino acid, 51,372-D protein. The predicted amino acid sequence of APS1 is similar to ATP sulfurylase of S. cerevisiae, with which it is 25% identical. Two lines of evidence indicate that APS1 encodes a chloroplast form of ATP sulfurylase. Its predicted amino-terminal sequence resembles a chloroplast transit peptide; and the APS1 polypeptide, synthesized in vitro, is capable of entering isolated intact chloroplasts. Several genomic DNA fragments that hybridize with the APS1 probe were identified. The APS1 cDNA hybridizes to three species of mRNA in leaves (1.85, 1.60, and 1.20 kb) and to a single species of mRNA in roots (1.85 kb).
INCUMBENCY AND RUNOFF ELECTIONS: RACE AS A LIMITING FACTOR

We examine conditions under which runoff elections are likely to occur. Based on an analysis of primary elections for New Orleans' municipal offices from 1965 through 1990, we find that incumbency significantly reduces the likelihood of a runoff. Under certain conditions race may play something of a secondary role—our findings suggest that in the New Orleans context incumbency status may enable white, more than black incumbents to avoid a runoff. Our overall conclusion, however, is that incumbency per se makes a runoff unlikely.
Adaptive strategies for efficiently locating internet-based servers in MANETs

Providing Internet access to Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) can greatly extend their applications, increase their scalability, and improve the quality of service. However, a critical problem is how the mobile hosts can locate Internet-based servers efficiently in a dynamic, unstructured network. Neither reactive strategies, where the hosts initiate on-demand server discovery, nor proactive strategies, where the servers periodically advertise their availability information, are optimal. To that end, this paper studies adaptive strategies that (1) combine both proactive advertising by the servers and on-demand discovery by the mobile hosts, and (2) determine the relative rate of proactive advertising and on-demand discovery adaptively according to the network characteristics including the host mobility level and the offered load. We propose and evaluate two novel, integrated algorithms. First, to determine the rate of proactive advertising, we propose an exponential backoff algorithm to probe the optimal operating point. Second, to reduce the network traffic due to reactive (on-demand) discovery, we propose a novel controlled flooding algorithm. Our simulation study reveals that, compared to the previous proactive strategies and reactive strategies, our adaptive strategies reduce network traffic for locating the servers by several times when the network has a moderate offered load and a low or high level of host mobility.
Paleobotanical evidence for high altitudes in Nevada during the Miocene

Leaf physiognomy provides estimates of environmental parameters, including mean annual enthalpy, which is a thermodynamic parameter of the atmosphere that varies with altitude. Analyses of 12 mid-Miocene floras from western Nevada indicate that this part of the Basin and Range Province stood ∼3 kilometers above sea level at 15 to 16 million years ago, which is 1 to 1.5 kilometers higher than its present altitude. Much, if not all, of the collapse to present-day altitudes seems to have been achieved by ∼13 million years ago. The crust in much of this area has been extended and thinned throughout the past 40 to 50 million years, and the isostatic balance of a thinning crust requires subsidence, not uplift as suggested by previous paleobotanical work.
Minimizing the sum of squares lateness on a single machine

Abstract This paper proposes a new procedure that considers the use of inserted idle time to optimally solve the single machine scheduling problem where the objective is to minimize the sum of squares lateness. A heuristic procedure is also proposed for this problem. These procedures and an existing procedure developed by Gupta and Sen are tested using problems of various sizes in terms of the number of jobs to be scheduled and for different degrees of due date tightness. The performance measures are CPU time and sum of squares lateness of the solutions generated. The results show that a simple descent procedure yields very good results and is efficient even on large problems.
Role of TNF in Mediating Renal Insufficiency Following Cardiac Surgery: Evidence of a Postbypass Cardiorenal Syndrome

Recent evidence has implicated proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α in the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Clinically, serum levels of TNF-α are increased after myocardial infarction and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Both cardiopulmonary bypass and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury induce a cascade of events leading to cellular damage and organ dysfunction. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, is released from both the heart and the kidney in response to ischemia and reperfusion. TNF released during cardiopulmonary bypass induces glomerular fibrin deposition, cellular infiltration, and vasoconstriction, leading to a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The signaling cascade through which renal ischemia-reperfusion induces TNF production is beginning to be elucidated. Oxidants released following reperfusion activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAP kinase) and the TNF transcription factor, NFκB, leading to subsequent TNF synthesis. In a positive feedback, proinflammatory fashion, binding of TNF to specific TNF membrane receptors can reactivate NFκB. This provides a mechanism by which TNF can upregulate its own expression as well as facilitate the expression of other genes pivotal to the inflammatory response. Following its production and release, TNF results in both renal and myocardial apoptosis and dysfunction. An understanding of these mechanisms may allow the adjuvant use of anti-TNF therapeutic strategies in the treatment of renal injury. The purposes of this review are: (1) to evaluate the evidence which indicates that TNF is produced by the heart following cardiopulmonary bypass; (2) to examine the effect of TNF on myocardial performance; (3) to outline the mechanisms by which the kidney produces significant TNF in response to ischemia and reperfusion; (5) to investigate the role of TNF in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, (6) to describe the mechanisms of TNF-induced renal cell apoptosis, and (7) to suggest potential anti-TNF strategies designed to reduce renal insufficiency following cardiac surgery.
Recent Declines in Western U.S. Snowpack in the Context of Twentieth-Century Climate Variability

A monthly snow accumulation and melt model was used with monthly Precipitation-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) temperature and precipitation data to generate time series of 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) for 1900 through 2008 in the western United States. Averaged across the western United States, SWE generally was higher than long-term (1900-2008) average conditions during the periods 1900-25, 1944-55, and 1966-82; SWE was lower than long-term average conditions during the periods 1926-43, 1957-65, and 1984-2008. During the period 1900- 2008, the temporal pattern in winter precipitation exhibited wetter-than-average and drier-than-average decadal-scale periods with no long-term increasing or decreasing trend. Winter temperature generally was below average from 1900 to the mid-1950s, close to average from the mid-1950s to the mid-1980s, and above average from the mid-1980s to 2008. In general, periods of higher-than-average SWE have been associated with higher precipitation and lower temperature. Since about 1980, western U.S. winter temperatures have been consistently
Discrete stochastic optimization via a modification of the stochastic ruler method

In this paper, we present a modification of the stochastic ruler method for solving discrete stochastic optimization problems. Our method generates a stationary Markov chain sequence taking values in the feasible set of the underlying discrete optimization problem. The number of visits to every state by this Markov chain is used to estimate the optimal solution. Unlike the original stochastic ruler method, our method is guaranteed to converge almost surely to a global optimal solution. We present empirical results that illustrate the performance of our method, and we show that these results compare favorably with empirical results obtained using the original stochastic ruler method.
Effects of storage time and exogenous protease inhibitors on plasma protein levels.

Plasma biomarker analysis requires intact unbiased starting material. We analyzed the effects on plasma protein profiles of protease inhibitor cocktails and preprocessing storage. Plasma from 12 healthy subjects collected with and without protease inhibitors was prepared immediately and after 2 hours of room temperature storage. The samples were analyzed by a multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that captured 99 chemokines and cytokines. Unsupervised hierarchical analysis clustered the samples into 4 groups: one composed predominantly of samples processed immediately, another of samples processed after 2 hours, and the remaining two a mix of immediate and 2-hour samples. The mixed and immediate group protein profiles were similar. However, among the immediate and 2-hour samples, the levels of 37 factors differed significantly: all were greater after 2 hours. The dramatic changes in protein levels during storage were independent of protease inhibitors and are likely due to cytokine production and/or release by leukocytes and platelets. Proteomic analysis of clinical samples is being used extensively to mine the proteome for specific biomarkers and patterns of disease. The accurate analysis of biomarkers requires highest quality starting material. Many biomarker studies use serum or plasma samples. 1-6 When analyzing plas
Channel estimation for OFDM systems using adaptive radial basis function networks

We propose a new scheme for pilot-symbol-aided channel estimation in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in multipath fading channels, that does not require knowledge of the channel statistics (e.g., Doppler or power spectrum). It is based on using the radial basis function (RBF) network to model the dynamics of the fading process. Both one-dimensional and two-dimensional RBF networks are proposed to exploit the channel correlation in the time domain and in the time-frequency domain. The proposed RBF networks are essentially nonlinear interpolators of the pilot channels. Compared with the existing OFDM channel estimation methods based on linear filtering, the proposed new techniques offer both robustness to fading rate, and a better performance especially in relatively fast fading channels.
Consistency-based characterization for IC Trojan detection

A Trojan attack maliciously modifies, alters, or embeds unplanned components inside the exploited chips. Given the original chip specifications, and process and simulation models, the goal of Trojan detection is to identify the malicious components. This paper introduces a new Trojan detection method based on nonintrusive external IC quiescent current measurements. We define a new metric called consistency. Based on the consistency metric and properties of the objective function, we present a robust estimation method that estimates the gate properties while simultaneously detecting the Trojans. Experimental evaluations on standard benchmark designs show the validity of the metric, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the new Trojan detection.
Tumors of the Endocrine System

Endocrine cancer includes the thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine gastrointestinal tract, and the adrenal. Cancer of the endocrine system is uncommon. The overall incidence is 11.2 and 4.5 per 100,000 woman and men, respectively.1 Because ovary and breast are not included under endocrine cancer, thyroid cancer is the most common type, and it is covered in depth in Chapter 55. The remaining types are even less common, with an annual incidence of 1 to 20 per million. This chapter informs the reader about these rare tumors. Further, we characterize the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes, several autosomal dominant familial endocrine cancer syndromes that simultaneously affect multiple endocrine glands.
Traveltime tomography: A comparison of popular methods

Noisy or inconsistent traveltime data yielded tomographic images that contain geologically unrealistic fluctuations. In addition to diverting attention away from structural patterns, these high‐wavenumber fluctuations can generate shadow zones and caustics that destabilize iterative solution schemes requiring ray tracing. We evaluated the performance of a number of popular methods that have been designed to reduce this effect, using synthetic crosswell data containing Gaussian noise. Quantitative comparisons between tomography methods were based on the misfit with the true model, solution stability under different sets of noise of the same level, and resolution‐covariance relationships. Other important factors included versatility and simplicity. Versatility is the ability to treat data with a wide range of noise levels as well as data generated by different structures. Simplicity is characterized by the number of adjustable inputs such as smoother shape, starting model, and damping or regularization para...
On linear programming, neural network design, pattern classification and polynomial time training

Polynomial time training and network design are two major issues for the neural network community. A new algorithm has been developed that can both 'design' an appropriate network and 'train' it in polynomial time. The algorithm is for classification problems and uses linear programming formulations in designing and training the network. This paper summarizes the new algorithm. >
A blasticidin S-resistant Plasmodium falciparum mutant with a defective plasmodial surface anion channel

Erythrocytes infected with malaria parasites exhibit marked increases in permeability to organic and inorganic solutes. The plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC), an unusual voltage-dependent ion channel induced on the host membrane after infection, may play a central role in these permeability changes. Here, we identified a functional PSAC mutant through in vitro selection with blasticidin S. Resistance to blasticidin S was generated during culture and correlated with significant reductions in permeability to multiple solutes, consistent with uptake via a common pathway. Single channel recordings revealed marked changes in PSAC gating with the addition of a subconductance state not present in wild-type channels. The channel's selectivity profile and pharmacology also were significantly altered. Eventual loss of the mutant phenotype upon removal of selective pressure and slower growth of mutant parasites suggest that PSAC serves an important role in intracellular parasite survival. These findings provide solid evidence for the uptake of diverse solutes via PSAC and implicate one or more parasite genes in expression of this channel.
Growth‐mortality tradeoffs and ‘personality traits’ in animals

Consistent individual differences in boldness, reactivity, aggressiveness, and other 'personality traits' in animals are stable within individuals but vary across individuals, for reasons which are currently obscure. Here, I suggest that consistent individual differences in growth rates encourage consistent individual differences in behavior patterns that contribute to growth-mortality tradeoffs. This hypothesis predicts that behavior patterns that increase both growth and mortality rates (e.g. foraging under predation risk, aggressive defense of feeding territories) will be positively correlated with one another across individuals, that selection for high growth rates will increase mean levels of potentially risky behavior across populations, and that within populations, faster-growing individuals will take more risks in foraging contexts than slower-growing individuals. Tentative empirical support for these predictions suggests that a growth-mortality perspective may help explain some of the consistent individual differences in behavioral traits that have been reported in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and other animals with indeterminate growth.
Children Living with HIV-Infected Adults: Estimates for 23 Countries in sub-Saharan Africa.

Author(s): Short, Susan E; Goldberg, Rachel E | Abstract: BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa many children live in extreme poverty and experience a burden of illness and disease that is disproportionately high. The emergence of HIV and AIDS has only exacerbated long-standing challenges to improving children's health in the region, with recent cohorts experiencing pediatric AIDS and high levels of orphan status, situations which are monitored globally and receive much policy and research attention. Children's health, however, can be affected also by living with HIV-infected adults, through associated exposure to infectious diseases and the diversion of household resources away from them. While long recognized, far less research has focused on characterizing this distinct and vulnerable population of HIV-affected children.MethodsUsing Demographic and Health Survey data from 23 countries collected between 2003 and 2011, we estimate the percentage of children living in a household with at least one HIV-infected adult. We assess overlaps with orphan status and investigate the relationship between children and the adults who are infected in their households.ResultsThe population of children living in a household with at least one HIV-infected adult is substantial where HIV prevalence is high; in Southern Africa, the percentage exceeded 10% in all countries and reached as high as 36%. This population is largely distinct from the orphan population. Among children living in households with tested, HIV-infected adults, most live with parents, often mothers, who are infected; nonetheless, in most countries over 20% live in households with at least one infected adult who is not a parent.ConclusionUntil new infections contract significantly, improvements in HIV/AIDS treatment suggest that the population of children living with HIV-infected adults will remain substantial. It is vital to on-going efforts to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality to consider whether current care and outreach sufficiently address the distinct vulnerabilities of these children.
The role of spirituality in diabetes self-management in an urban, underserved population: a qualitative exploratory study.

Background Although many studies examine motivators for diabetes self-management, few explore the role spirituality plays in this disease, especially in low-income urban populations. Methods This qualitative, focus group study elicits thoughts of diabetic patients regarding spirituality in diabetes self-care, at an urban primary care practice in Rhode Island. Focus group discussions were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the immersion/crystallization technique. Results Themes included: significant impact of diabetes on daily life; fear and family as prominent self-care motivators; relationships with self, others, nature and the divine as major sources of hope and strength. Patients varied considerably regarding the role spirituality played in their illness, ranging from minimal to profound impact. All appeared comfortable discussing spirituality within the context of strength and hope. Conclusion Patients in this urban, underserved population are willing to discuss spirituality related to their diabetes care. They vary in the role spirituality plays in their illness experience.
Thank You to JCM Peer Reviewers for 2015.

We wish to recognize the dedicated and supportive editorial board members and peer reviewers who completed manuscript reviews for the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine (JCM) in 2015. Peer reviewers for the year 2015 include: Editorial Board Members: Charles L. Blum, DC James W. Brantingham, DC, PhD Jerrilyn Cambron, DC, MPH, PhD Jeffrey Cooley, DC, DACBR Marion W. Evans, Jr, DC, PhD, MCHES Brian J Gleberzon, BA, DC Bart Green, MSEd, DC Michael T. Haneline, DC, MPH Norman Kettner, DC, DACBR Charmaine Korporaal, MS(Chiro) Michael Andrew Mestan, DC, EdD, DACBR William Moreau, DC, DACBSP Donald R. Murphy, DC, DACAN Kevin A. Rose, DC, MPH Anthony L. Rosner, PhD Gary Schultz, DC Gregory J. Snow, DC, CCSP Peer Reviewers: Brian Anderson, DC, MPH G. Douglas Andersen, DC, DACBSP, CCN Barclay Bakkum, DC, PhD Patrick Battaglia David BenEliyahu, DC Ed Bifulco, DC Channing C. Bolick, DC, MS Rick Branson, DC Dick Bruin, BS Nathan J. Campbell, DC, DACBSP, ICCSP Tammy Kay Cassa, DC Cynthia Chapman, DC Michael Clay, DC Ezra Cohen, DC Richard Lee Cole, DC Robert Cooperstein, DC Brad Cotton, DC Clinton Joseph Daniels, DC, MS Renee M. DeVries, DC, DACBR J. Donald Dishman, DC, MS, DIBCN Manuel Anthony Duarte, DC, DABCO, DACBSP Andrew Dunn, DC, MEd, MS Jonathon T. Egan, DC, MPH Roger Mark Engel, DC, DO, PhD Randy Ferrance, DC, MD Stephan L. Foster, DC Danielle Gergen, DC Scott Gilford, DC Steven Gould, DC, DACBR Stephen Grand, DC Justin Grasmeyer, DC, DACBSP Dean Greenwood, DC Brett Guimard, DC, DACBSP, CSCS, MAOM, LAc Daniel Haun, DC Elise G. Hewitt, DC Kelly R. Holt, BSc(Chiro) PhD Scott Howitt, DC Kelley Humphries, DC Jennifer Illes, DC Theodore L. Johnson, DC Martha A. Kaeser, DC Mohsen Kazemi, DC Simone F.C. Knaap, DC, MSc, FEAC Ralph A. Kruse, DC, DABCO, DABCC Kurt William Kuhn, DC, PhD, MS Makani Lew, DC James McKivigan, DC, PT Marc McRae, DC Shawn Michael Neff, DC, MAS Joyce Miller, DC Kenice Morehouse-Grand, DC Craig Morris, DC Brad Muir, DC Dustin Nabhan, DC, DACBSP, CSCS Jason Napuli, DC, MBA Richard Nicol, DC Debra Diane Nook, DVM, MBA Geoff Outerbridge, DC, MSc David Paris, DC Katherine Pohlman, DC Mario Pribicevic, MChiro, PhD Mohsen Radpasand, MD, DC, MSc Robert John Rectenwald, DC Hector Rivera-Melo, DC, DACBR Jan Roberts, DC Christopher B. Roecker, DC Richard A. Roy, DC, PhD Drew Rubin, DC Brent S. Russell, MS, DC Thomas Solecki, DC Dorrie Talmage, MSEd, MSN, DC Jeffrey Thompson, DC Peter Tuchin, DC Brett E. Underwood, DC, DACBSP, CSCS John S. Ward, DC David Wayne Ward, DC Keith Wells, DC Alicia Yochum, RN, DC Curtis Yomtob, DC, DACBR Kenneth Young, DC, DACBR Jenny Yu, MSAOM Robert Zoboski, DC, DACO We appreciate the valuable contributions of all peer reviewers who contributed their time and expertise this past year for their important role in enhancing and the quality and scientific integrity of research papers published in the JCM.
Cancer of the Stomach

Introduction and methods epidemiology - demographic aspects histology presentation and investigations treatment and survival IVA unresected cases prognostic factors unusual tumours lymphoma, M.S.Hockey and J.C.Crocker standardized rates census and inter-censal populations immunohistochemistry of gastric lymphoma.
Chance-constrained formulations in rolling horizon production planning: an experimental study

Rolling horizon procedures, where an infinite horizon problem is approximated by the solution to a sequence of finite horizon problems, are common in production planning practice and research. However, these procedures also lead to frequent changes in planned release and production quantities, a phenomenon referred to as nervousness. We examine the performance of two chance-constrained production planning models developed for systems with stochastic demand in a rolling horizon environment, and find that these formulations significantly reduce planned release changes (nervousness) while also improving cost and service-level performance.
Human Performance Assessment of a Prototype Multimodal Naval Command Center

A user-centered design philosophy attaches primary importance to human-machine system performance as the key criterion in assessing the operational utility of complex systems. When the system under consideration is uniquely novel and emphasizes the use of relatively immature technologies, system validation must occur at a number of points in the design process. Particularly in these situations, human-system performance testing must inform engineering development throughout the entire design cycle, and not just at its conclusion. In this paper we describe an empirical effort designed to validate novel technical approaches to the design of a naval command center intended to support high levels of tactical performance in a severely reduced personnel environment. Using a human-in-the-loop simulation, we assessed the initial validity of our design concepts by measuring individual and team performance in realistic simulated tasks. By analyzing metrics associated with operational system performance, operator wor...
Luke and the Jewish Religion

After delineating the difficulties of defining “religion” and “Judaism/Jewish/Jews,” this article traces Luke’s presentation of Jewish religious markers: circumcision, temple worship, sacred space ...
Relative Reactivities of the Isomeric Butanols and Ethanol in an Ignition Quality Tester

Ignition quality tester (IQT) derived cetane numbers (DCNs) of binary blends of each individual alcohol (1-, 2-, iso-, and t-butanol and ethanol) with each second component (n-heptane and a real distillate fuel) have been measured to explore the autoignition behavior of these mixtures. This study pays particular attention to the effect of physical property variation within and among families of mixtures on their apparent reactivities. The relative reactivities of these blends are dominated by chemical kinetics, while blend-specific physical properties affect relative ignitability only slightly. The results firmly support DCN measurement as a means of characterizing mechanistic ignition chemistry behaviors among fuels and their blends. Surprisingly, t-butanol, which has been shown in other studies to be the least reactive pure C4 alcohol, shows the least suppression of reactivity when blended with heptane or diesel fuel for most mixture fractions. This result is related to the lack of easily abstractable H...
Who has next ? The symbolic, rational, and methodical use of norms in pickup basketball

In an attempt to develop more realistic images of interaction, I analyze an entire conversation between people waiting to play an informal game of basketball to illustrate how a combination of perspectives emphasizing the internalization of norms, rational use of norms, and talk about norms can inform a description of norm usage that is plausible to participants and observers. The resulting model shows that players interact with norms in mind, but invoke those norms in strategic ways, which then are reconsidered (and sometimes reconfigured) by way of talk. This unified theory of norms offers new opportunities for reconciling sociological imagery.
Intraventricular CCK-8 reduces single meal size in the baboon by interaction with type-A CCK receptors

Intraventricular cholecystokinin COOH-terminal octapeptide (CCK-8) decreases meal size in the meal-trained baboon. In the present study, we tested whether this action is mediated by CCK-A receptors, CCK-B receptors, or both. Intraventricular administration of the selective CCK-A receptor agonist A71623 at 1 and 10 nmol/kg suppressed 30-min meal size 69 +/- 22% and 75 +/- 7%, respectively. Additionally, intraventricular A71623 was equipotent to CCK-8 at 1 nmol/kg (% suppression of meal by CCK = 59 +/- 17). However, intraventricular administration of the CCK-B receptor agonist A63387 at 10 nmol/kg had no effect on 30-min meal size (% suppression = 18 +/- 29). Intravenous administration of 10 nmol/kg A71623 did not result in an alteration of meal size, but prandial plasma insulin and glucose responses were delayed and blunted. Basal plasma insulin levels doubled after intravenous administration of A71623. Both behavioral and metabolic responses to A71623 in the baboon are virtually identical to those we have previously observed after CCK-8 treatment. Thus we conclude that the predominant receptor population with which intraventricular CCK-8 interacts are type-A CCK receptors that are accessible to the ventricular system of the baboon.
Gas Hydrate Prevention Technics in DaNiu Gas Field

Gas hydrate plugs wellbore,pipeline,valve and other equipments and cause danger or serious accident in exploitation,transportation and machining.How to prevent gas hydrate in efficient and effective way is still problem many oil and gas fields have to face.This problem also persecutes production of DaNiu gas field.By analyzing gas hydrate formation condition and servicing condition of inhibitor,collates methanol and glycol by locale data,chooses methanol to prevent gas hydrate and gain reasonable calculation to guide local application.
Analysis and Evaluation on Surveillance System of Adverse Events Following Immunization in Fujian Province from 2008 to 2011

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of adverse events following immunization(AEFI),and to evaluate the operation status of the AEFI surveillance system in Fujian Province. Methods The AEFI data reported in Fujian Province from 2008 to 2011 were collected through the China National Immunization Program Information Management System and the Children Immunization Information System.The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the distribution characteristics and related indexes of AEFI in this study. Results A total of 2,574 AEFI cases were reported in Fujian Province.Among the classification diagnosis of AEFI cases,78.24% cases were common and minor reactions and 16.31% were rare and serious reactions.The estimation incidence rate of AEFI reported cases from 2008 to 2011 was 0.49-7.23/100,000 doses.The integrity rate reached 100% and the timely reporting rate was 85.86%.There were 1,210 cases needed to be investigated,of which 1,174 cases had been finished within 48 hours.The investigation rate reached 100% and the investigation rate within 48 hours was 97.02%. Conclusions The indexes of Fujian AEFI surveillance system were gradually increased,but some indexes still did not meet the requirements of MOH.The results suggest that the related training and monitoring should be strengthened so as to improve the quality of surveillance system.
Research advances on production of flavonoids by fruits of Sophora japonica L.cell culture

Flavonoids has much functions including scavenging free radicals,antioxidation,antimutagenicity,antitumor,antibacterial,antiviral,regulating immunity,preventing hemal sclerosis and reducing blood glucose,ect.It is also called "plant estrogen" by scientists.Highly pure isoflavone,flavonols and flavonoid can be obtained from fruits of Sophora japonica L.This paper reviewed the research status on cell culture of Sophora japonica L.fruits at home and abroad,the influencing factors on cell culture of Sophora japonica L.fruits,and the approach promoting plant cell culture produced flavonoids substances,and prospected the developing trend of this technique.
Tax wedge in Croatia, Belgium, Estonia, Germany and Slovakia

The aim of this paper is to analyse the taxation of labour income in Croatia, Belgium,Estonia, Germany and Slovakia. Having presented an outline of tax system rules, the paper shows the decomposition of the net average tax wedge for different family types and different income levels based on the OECD methodology. The results show that all observed countries apply a progressive tax schedule, apart from Germany where taxation for higher gross wages is not progressive due to a cap on the SIC base. When it comes to a taxpayer earning an average gross wage, a Croatian single worker without children has the lowest tax burden, followed by Estonia, Slovakia, Germany and Belgium. However, as regards taxpayers earning 400% of AGW, Estonia has the smallest tax wedge, followed by Slovakia, Germany, Croatia and Belgium. Similar results are obtained by analyzing the tax wedge for couples with two children where one spouse is out of work.
Patient-Centered Specialty Practice: Defining the Role of Specialists in Value-Based Health Care

Health care is at a crossroads and under pressure to add value by improving patient experience and health outcomes and reducing costs to the system. Efforts to improve the care model in primary care, such as the patient-centered medical home, have enjoyed some success. However, primary care accounts for only a small portion of total health-care spending, and there is a need for policies and frameworks to support high-quality, cost-efficient care in specialty practices of the medical neighborhood. The Patient-Centered Specialty Practice (PCSP) model offers ambulatory-based specialty practices one such framework, supported by a formal recognition program through the National Committee for Quality Assurance. The key elements of the PCSP model include processes to support timely access to referral requests, improved communication and coordination with patients and referring clinicians, reduced unnecessary and duplicative testing, and an emphasis on continuous measurement of quality, safety, and performance improvement for a population of patients. Evidence to support the model remains limited, and estimates of net costs and value to practices are not fully understood. The PCSP model holds promise for promoting value-based health care in specialty practices. The continued development of appropriate incentives is required to ensure widespread adoption.
Abstract B50: Exploring correlates of lifestyle changes among Chinese- and Mexican-American breast cancer survivors

Purpose: Increasingly new data suggests that the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors after cancer diagnosis may influence survivorship outcomes for breast cancer survivors (BCS). Additionally, lifestyle behaviors may be changed according to individual and contextual factors among breast cancer survivors. There is, however, minimal research on exploring factors contributing to these changes among underserved BCS. Thus, this study explored and compared the individual and contextual factors relevant to lifestyle changes among Chinese- and Mexican-American BCS. Methods: This study was conducted using an existing dataset of a study that examined health-related quality of life among a multiethnic cohort of BCS. A total of 123 Mexican- (64 English, 59 Spanish) and 85 Chinese- Americans (40 English, 45 Chinese) were included in this study. BCS were recruited from the California Cancer Surveillance Program, hospital registries, and community agencies in southern California. Health behaviors were measured using a self-report instrument that assessed lifestyle or health behavior changes (e.g., eating habits, exercise, complementary/alternative medicine, and stress management). Individual and contextual factors were assessed by language, SES factors (income, education, and occupation), and patient-doctor relationship. Results: Approximately 71% of Chinese- and 59% of Mexican-Americans reported making a lifestyle change after their breast cancer diagnosis. Of those who reported making lifestyle changes, the most common change reported for the both groups was in their eating habits followed by exercise and stress reduction strategies. Yet, the two groups showed different patterns in their exercise, indicating that Chinese-Americans are more likely to exercise after cancer diagnosis compared to Mexican-Americans (p Conclusions: These findings provide us with a better understanding of lifestyle changes and their correlates of individual and contextual factors among Chinese and Mexican American BCS. This understanding can help develop evidence-based, culturally integrated breast cancer interventions to enhance positive health behaviors and ultimately increase quality of life.
PHYSIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY SYMPOSIUM: Alterations in uteroplacental hemodynamics during melatonin supplementation in sheep and cattle

Compromised placental function can result in fetal growth restriction which is associated with greater risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Large increases in transplacental nutrient and waste exchange, which support the exponential increase in fetal growth during the last half of gestation, are dependent primarily on the rapid growth and vascularization of the uteroplacenta. The amplitude of melatonin secretion has been associated with improved oxidative status and altered cardiovascular function in several mammalian species; however, melatonin mediated alterations of uteroplacental capacity in sheep and cattle are lacking. Therefore, our laboratories are examining uteroplacental blood flow and fetal development during maternal melatonin supplementation. Using a mid- to late-gestation ovine model of intrauterine growth restriction, we examined uteroplacental blood flow and fetal growth during supplementation with 5 mg/d of dietary melatonin. Maternal nutrient restriction decreased uterine arterial blood flow, while melatonin supplementation increased umbilical arterial blood flow compared with non-supplemented controls. Although melatonin treatment did not rescue fetal weight in nutrient restricted ewes; we observed disproportionate fetal size and fetal organ development. Elevated fetal concentrations of melatonin may result in altered blood flow distribution during important time points of development. These melatonin specific responses on umbilical arterial hemodynamics and fetal development may be partially mediated through vascular melatonin receptors. Recently, we examined the effects of supplementing Holstein heifers with 20 mg/d of dietary melatonin during the last third of gestation. Uterine arterial blood flow was increased by 25% and total serum antioxidant capacity was increased by 43% in melatonin supplemented heifers vs. non-supplemented controls. In addition, peripheral concentrations of progesterone were decreased in melatonin supplemented heifers vs. non-supplemented controls. Using an in vitro model, melatonin treatment increased the activity of cytochrome P450 2C, a progesterone inactivating enzyme, which was blocked by treatment with the melatonin receptor antagonist, luzindole. Elucidating the consequences of specific hormonal supplements on the continual plasticity of placental function will allow us to determine important endogenous mediators of offspring growth and development.
Instagram and college women's body image: Investigating the roles of appearance-related comparisons and intrasexual competition

Abstract Similar to effects identified with traditional media forms, recent evidence indicates that body image concerns, such as body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness, may also be associated with exposure to images on Social Networking Sites. Utilizing social comparison theory, the current study sought to examine the relationship between female university students' photo-based activities on Instagram, which is a relatively new Social Networking Site, appearance-related comparisons, and two outcome variables: drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction. Mediational analyses using bootstrapping methods indicated that Instagram photo-based activities positively predicted both drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction through the mediating variable of appearance-related comparisons. These results suggest that Instagram use could be potentially harmful to individuals who find themselves frequently engaging in comparisons with others. Additionally, utilizing the intrasexual competition framework, the second aim of this study was to determine whether individual differences in competitiveness for mates influenced individual tendencies to engage in appearance-related comparisons on Instagram. A significant positive relationship emerged between intrasexual competitiveness for mates and appearance-related comparisons on Instagram. Theoretical and applied implications from these findings are discussed.