cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exterior powers and Tor-persistence

Abstract A commutative Noetherian ring R is said to be Tor-persistent if, for any finitely generated R-module M, the vanishing of Tor i R ( M , M ) for i ≫ 0 implies M has finite projective dimension. An open question of Avramov, et al. asks whether any such R is Tor-persistent. In this work, we exploit properties of exterior powers of modules and complexes to provide several partial answers to this question; in particular, we show that every local ring ( R , m ) with m 3 = 0 is Tor-persistent. As a consequence of our methods, we provide a new proof of the Tachikawa Conjecture for positively graded rings over a field of characteristic different from 2.
Symptomology following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.

Despite demonstrated efficacy of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), widespread hesitancy to vaccination persists. Improved knowledge regarding frequency, severity, and duration of vaccine-associated symptoms may help reduce hesitancy. In this prospective observational study, we studied 1032 healthcare workers who received both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and completed post-vaccine symptom surveys both after dose 1 and after dose 2. We defined appreciable post-vaccine symptoms as those of at least moderate severity and lasting at least 2 days. We found that symptoms were more frequent following the second vaccine dose than the first (74% vs. 60%, P 80% of all symptoms resolving within 2 days. The most common symptom was injection site pain, followed by fatigue and malaise. Overall, 20% of participants experienced appreciable symptoms after dose 1 and 30% after dose 2. In multivariable analyses, female sex was associated with greater odds of appreciable symptoms after both dose 1 (OR, 95% CI 1.73, 1.19-2.51) and dose 2 (1.76, 1.28-2.42). Prior COVID-19 was also associated with appreciable symptoms following dose 1, while younger age and history of hypertension were associated with appreciable symptoms after dose 2. We conclude that most post-vaccine symptoms are reportedly mild and last <2 days. Appreciable post-vaccine symptoms are associated with female sex, prior COVID-19, younger age, and hypertension. This information can aid clinicians in advising patients on the safety and expected symptomatology associated with vaccination.
Current Concepts in the Management of Unique Post-keratoplasty Infections

As corneal transplantation has evolved, the spectrum of post-surgical infection has changed and often presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Lamellar techniques hold the potential of improved outcomes and decreased post-operative complications, however, they create a lamellar interface, which is a potential space for sequestration of infectious organisms. In addition, while keratoprosthesis offers vision to patients who are poor candidates for traditional keratoplasty, infectious complications can be severe and sight threatening. Although antimicrobials remain the mainstay of treatment, definitive management often requires surgical intervention.
Clinical and Metabolic Aspects on Obesity in Childhood

The etiology of obesity in childhood is very probably multi-factorial. We know that genetic, nutritional, environmental, and hormonal factors play important roles. Their quantitative interrelationships are, however, unknown. In obese patients it is possible to observe a number of differences from the normal variation as regards biochemical, hormonal and physiological patterns. Most of them seem to be adaptation to obesity since they are reversible by weight reduction (10). Some data on an illustrative case, a girl we observed a number of years ago are given in table 1.
Enhancing Cold tolerance in Plants by Genetic Engineering of Glycinebetaine Synthesis

Low-temperature stress, including freezing and chilling, is one of the primary factors that limits crop production around the world. A severe winter or unseasonable cold spell in a major agricultural area can reduce yield, delay harvest, lower the quality of the products, and/or cause crop failure. Low-temperature stress is not limited to particular geographic regions; producers throughout the world have suffered significant economic losses during the past decade. These losses can significantly influence the economic well-being of rural communities, and affect product availability and consumer prices. Stress can also have a great impact on the stability of world food supplies, and may subsequently influence commodity prices and the international trade balance.
Order dependence of declarative knowledge representation

It has been a widely accepted assumption among knowledge representation researchers that declarative knowledge representation is in some sense order independent. In this paper we will argue that there are a number of different possible senses of the term “order independent” and that one needs at least one type of order dependence to develop a cognitively valid knowledge representation system that takes knowledge acquisition into account.
Design and validation of an image-guided robot for small animal research

We developed an image-guided robot system to achieve highly accurate placement of thin needles and probes into in-vivo rodent tumor tissue in a predefined pattern that is specified on a preoperative image. This system can be used for many experimental procedures where the goal is to correlate a set of physical measurements with a corresponding set of image intensities or, more generally, to perform a physical action at a set of anatomic points identified on a preoperative image. This paper focuses on the design and validation of the robot system, where the first application is to insert oxygen measurement probes in a three-dimensional (3D) grid pattern defined with respect to a PET scan of a tumor. The design is compatible with CT and MRI, which we plan to use to identify targets for biopsy and for the injection of adenoviral sequences for gene therapy. The validation is performed using a phantom and includes a new method for estimating the Fiducial Localization Error (FLE) based on the measured Fiducial Distance Error (FDE).
Application of oil-field well log interpretation techniques to the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field

An example is presented of the application of oil-field techniques to the Cerro Prieto Field, Mexico. The lithology in this field (sand-shale lithology) is relatively similar to oil-field systems. The study was undertaken as a part of the first series of case studies supported by the Geothermal Log Interpretation Program (GLIP) of the US Department of Energy. The suites of logs for individual wells were far from complete. This was partly because of adverse borehole conditions but mostly because of unavailability of high-temperature tools. The most complete set of logs was a combination of Dual Induction Laterolog, Compensated Formation Density Gamma Ray, Compensated Neutron Log, and Saraband. Temperature data about the wells were sketchy, and the logs had been run under pre-cooled mud condition. A system of interpretation consisting of a combination of graphic and numerical studies was used to study the logs. From graphical studies, evidence of hydrothermal alteration may be established from the trend analysis of SP (self potential) and ILD (deep induction log). Furthermore, the cross plot techniques using data from density and neutron logs may help in establishing compaction as well as rock density profile with depth. In the numerical method, R/sub wa/ values from threemore » different resistivity logs were computed and brought into agreement. From this approach, values of formation temperature and mud filtrate resistivity effective at the time of logging were established.« less
Interleaved PFC Boost Converter with Intrinsic Voltage-Doubler Characteristic

A novel, two-inductor, interleaved PFC boost converter that exhibits voltage-doubler characteristic when it operates with a duty cycle greater than 0.5 is introduced. The voltage-doubler characteristic of the proposed converter makes it quite suitable for universal-line (90–264 V RMS ) PFC applications. Because the proposed PFC boost rectifier operates as a voltage doubler at low line, its low-line range efficiency is greatly improved compared to that of its conventional counterpart. The performance of the proposed PFC rectifier was evaluated on an experimental 1.3-kW universal-line PFC prototype.
Monocytes/macrophages cooperate with progenitor cells during neovascularization and tissue repair: conversion of cell columns into fibrovascular bundles

The potential of monocytes/macrophages (MC/Mph) to contribute to neovascularization has recently become a topic of intense scrutiny. Here, we characterized the behavior of MC/Mph in cellular infiltrates, with emphasis on their spatial organization and localization in newly formed microvessels. To this end, we studied MC/Mph migration and assembly in basic fibroblast growth factor-supplemented Matrigel plugs placed in transgenic Tie2-beta-galactosidase mice for up to 4 weeks. In these plugs, along with Nile Red-positive adipocytes, we found MC/Mph distributed in cell cords, also containing various mature and progenitor tissue cells; and functional Tie2-positive or -negative microvessels embedded in bundles of fibrillar collagen surrounded by F4/80-positive MC/Mph. At earlier stages of infiltration, we found tubular destruction of the matrix (tunnels) and MC/Mph-lined capillary-like structures occasionally containing erythrocytes, indicating their propensity for endothelial trans-differentiation. We also analyzed in vitro the MCP-1-induced chemotactic migration of fluorescently labeled peritoneal MC/Mph incorporated in Matrigel-containing fluorescent protease substrates. Many of these MC/Mph produced MMP-12- and TIMP-1-dependent tunnels coupled with acquisition of a lumen. In conclusion, long-term implantation of Matrigel plugs qualifies as a novel experimental model of tissue regeneration, in which neovascularization intimately couples with fibrosis and organogenesis and in which cells of MC/Mph phenotype play a key structural role.
Congressional bribery as state-corporate crime: a social network analysis

There have been a number of high-profile cases of Congressional bribery over the years. This was especially true in the 109th House (2005–06), during which ranking members such as Tom DeLay, Bob Ney, and “Duke” Cunningham were indicted. Some members of Congress argue that these were just a “few bad apples,” but the public believes that Congress is more widely corrupt. We employ social network analysis to test which view is correct. We analyze comprehensive data on all members of the 109th House, including their roll call voting and receipts of Political Action Committee (PAC) contributions. Our results show that PAC donors had a significant influence on lawmaker voting across party—despite the fact that such influence is illegal under the Federal Bribery Statute. Accordingly, we find strong support for institutional corruption within Congress. Our findings challenge the traditional conceptualization of political bribery as an individual form of occupational crime, and we argue that it should instead be viewed as a state-corporate crime in its own right. We argue further that it can act as a facilitative process that enables other forms of state-corporate offending to occur, thereby causing social harm. The unique ability of social network analysis to treat relationships as a unit of analysis is central in these findings and conclusions. Hence, we contribute to the emerging trend of applying social network analysis in criminology by providing a new application to state-corporate offending.
Reaction rate constants of OH + CHF3 → products and O(3P) + CHF3 → OH + CF3 at 500–750 K

Abstract The reactions OH + CHF 3 → products and O ( 3 P ) + CHF 3 → OH + CF 3 were studied in the temperature range 500–750 K and the pressure range 20–160 Torr using laser-induced-fluorescence detection of OH. For the reaction, OH + CHF 3 , the experimental rate coefficient is k = (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10 −12 exp(−(2300 ± 200)/ T ). For the reaction O ( 3 P + CHF 3 → OH , the rate coefficient is k = (2.49 ± 0.06) × 10 −13 exp(3000 ± 1000)/ T ) in the temperature range studied. For the reaction CF 3 CFHCF 3 + O ( 3 P ) → OH + CF 3 CFCF 3 , an upper limit for the rate coefficient is determined to be k −13 exp(−(2700 ± 400)/ T ).
Study of Antibody-Coated Fungi in Patients with Funguria and Suspected Disseminated Fungal Infections or Primary Fungal Pyelonephritis

The direct immunofluorescence method for the detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine sediments has been used by investigators to distinguish invasive bacterial disease of the renal parenchyma from noninvasive bladder bacteriuria. The purpose of the present investigation was to test the usefulness of the demonstration of urinary fungal immunoglobulins and complement in distinguishing patients with fungal cystitis from those with suspected disseminated fungal disease. Twenty-one patients with microscopic funguria were suspected clinically of having disseminated fungal infection. Urine specimens from these patients were tested for the presence of antibody- and complement-coated fungi by direct immunofluorescence with the use of specific goat antisera to human immunoglobulins and complement. No unexpected frequencies of combinations of urinary yeast staining by specific antibody were noted. Urine specimens demonstrating funguria from 12 patients with uncomplicated illnesses were also examined for the presence of antibody- and complement-coated fungi; no unexpected frequencies of combinations of urinary yeast staining were noted in this group and no differences in frequencies of specific antibody staining were noted when compared with results in patients with suspected invasive fungal disease. Thus, no difference in the occurrence of specific antibody or complement adsorbed to urinary yeasts was observed between patients suspected of having invasive fungal disease and a small group of control patients.
Statistical Variability and Tokunaga Branching of Aftershock Sequences Utilizing BASS Model Simulations

Aftershock statistics provide a wealth of data that can be used to better understand earthquake physics. Aftershocks satisfy scale-invariant Gutenberg–Richter (GR) frequency–magnitude statistics. They also satisfy Omori’s law for power-law seismicity rate decay and Bath’s law for maximum-magnitude scaling. The branching aftershock sequence (BASS) model, which is the scale-invariant limit of the epidemic-type aftershock sequence model (ETAS), uses these scaling laws to generate synthetic aftershock sequences. One objective of this paper is to show that the branching process in these models satisfies Tokunaga branching statistics. Tokunaga branching statistics were originally developed for drainage networks and have been subsequently shown to be valid in many other applications associated with complex phenomena. Specifically, these are characteristic of a universality class in statistical physics associated with diffusion-limited aggregation. We first present a deterministic version of the BASS model and show that it satisfies the Tokunaga side-branching statistics. We then show that a fully stochastic BASS simulation gives similar results. We also study foreshock statistics using our BASS simulations. We show that the frequency–magnitude statistics in BASS simulations scale as the exponential of the magnitude difference between the mainshock and the foreshock, inverse GR scaling. We also show that the rate of foreshock occurrence in BASS simulations decays inversely with the time difference between foreshock and mainshock, an inverse Omori scaling. Both inverse scaling laws have been previously introduced empirically to explain observed foreshock statistics. Observations have demonstrated both of these scaling relations to be valid, consistent with our simulations. ETAS simulations, in general, do not generate Bath’s law and do not generate inverse GR scaling.
Control of time delay linear systems with Gaussian white noise

Recurrence formulas are developed for finding mean, variances, and other statistics of the state vector of linear systems with random time delay and Gaussian white noise input. These statistics are used to define optimal control functions for these systems. Lyapunov exponents are used to evaluate the stability of the stationary solution when the control algorithm is based on the stationary statistics of the state vector. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the determination of the optimal control function and of the conditions required for the existence of the stationary solution for systems with random time delay.
Mentoring Effects on Protégés' Classroom Practice: An Experimental Field Study

Abstract The classroom practices of proteges assisted by mentors who participated in a formal mentoring program were compared with proteges mentored by experienced teachers with no formalized mentoring preparation. Forty-six protege-mentor pairs (23 treatment; 23 comparison) participated in this study conducted in 2 large school consortia in a mid-western state. Data include ratings and narrative records from classroom observations, weekly summaries of mentoring activities, and ratings of students' classroom behavior. Results indicate that proteges of mentors participating in the mentoring program could more effectively organize and manage instruction at the beginning of the year and establish more workable classroom routines. Also, their students had better behavior and engagement. Findings are discussed in light of the possible relationships between particular mentoring practices and proteges' learning to teach.
The Rank of the Trip Matrix of a Positive Knot Diagram

In this note we show that the rank of the trip matrix of a positive knot diagram is exactly twice the genus of the associated positive knot. From this, we give a quick proof of the following result of Murasugi: The term of lowest degree in the Jones polynomial of a positive knot is 1 · tg, where g is the genus of the knot.
Crustal magma plumbing within a segment of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 35°N

Abstract We report the results of a seismic tomography experiment which images the three-dimensional nature of the crustal melt delivery system beneath a segment of the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In the lower crust (>3.5 km depth) near the segment center, inversion of first-arriving crustal P-waves reveals a pair of vertical pipe-like (
On the equation for a damped pendulum under constant torque

Fur die Differentialgleichung $$\frac{{d^2 \vartheta }}{{dt^2 }} + \alpha \frac{{d\vartheta }}{{dt}} + \sin \vartheta - \sin \vartheta _0 = 0 \left( {0< \vartheta _0 \leqq \frac{\pi }{2}} \right)$$ gibt es eine Funktionα 0(ϑ 0) mit den folgenden Eigenschaften: Wennα<α 0, existiert eine Losung, worindϑ/dt immer positiv und inϑ periodisch ist. Wennα≧α 0, existiert eine solche Losung nicht. Man beweist, dassα 1<α 0<α 2, wo $$\begin{gathered} \sin \vartheta _0 = \alpha _1 \sqrt {\alpha _1^2 + 4\cos \vartheta _0 } , \alpha _1^2 = \sqrt {3\cos ^2 \vartheta _0 + 1} - 2\cos \vartheta _0 , \hfill \\ \sin \vartheta _0 = \frac{1}{2}\alpha _2 \sqrt {\alpha _2^2 + 4\cos \vartheta _0 } , \alpha _2 = 2\sin \frac{{\vartheta _0 }}{2}. \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Die Grenzeα 2 ist kleiner als die vonG. Seifert gegebene.
A Conserved Transcriptional Regulator Governs Fungal Morphology in Widely Diverged Species

Fungi exhibit a large variety of morphological forms. Here, we examine the functions of a deeply conserved regulator of morphology in three fungal species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, and Histoplasma capsulatum. We show that, despite an estimated 600 million years since those species diverged from a common ancestor, Wor1 in C. albicans, Ryp1 in H. capsulatum, and Mit1 in S. cerevisiae are transcriptional regulators that recognize the same DNA sequence. Previous work established that Wor1 regulates white–opaque switching in C. albicans and that its ortholog Ryp1 regulates the yeast to mycelial transition in H. capsulatum. Here we show that the ortholog Mit1 in S. cerevisiae is also a master regulator of a morphological transition, in this case pseudohyphal growth. Full-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that Mit1 binds to the control regions of the previously known regulators of pseudohyphal growth as well as those of many additional genes. Through a comparison of binding sites for Mit1 in S. cerevisiae, Wor1 in C. albicans, and Wor1 ectopically expressed in S. cerevisiae, we conclude that the genes controlled by the orthologous regulators overlap only slightly between these two species despite the fact that the DNA binding specificity of the regulators has remained largely unchanged. We suggest that the ancestral Wor1/Mit1/Ryp1 protein controlled aspects of cell morphology and that movement of genes in and out of the Wor1/Mit1/Ryp1 regulon is responsible, in part, for the differences of morphological forms among these species.
Negotiating Culturally Responsive Pedagogy through Multicultural Children's Literature: Towards Critical Democratic Literacy Practices in a First Grade Classroom.

In this article, I present the description of the learning and social action that unfolded through critical literacy events in my first grade classroom. Resulting from teacher action research, this...
Effect of pulse-pair correlation on differential absorption lidar.

Calculations are presented of the effect of pulse-pair correlation on the detection statistics of alarm systems using differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for the remote sensing of toxic gases. This experimentally observed correlation is found to have a significant beneficial effect on the performance of such systems. The calculations are performed for both coherent- and direct-detection DIAL systems using a statistical detection model that assumes a bivariate normal distribution for the on- and off-resonance returns.
Transmission-blocking activity of a chitinase inhibitor and activation of malarial parasite chitinase by mosquito protease.

Abstract During development in the mosquito midgut, malarial parasites must traverse a chitin-containing peritrophic matrix (PM) that forms around the food bolus. Previously Huber et al. [Huber, M., Cabib, E. & Miller, L. H. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 2807-2810] reported that the parasite secretes a protein with chitinase activity, and they suggested that parasite chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) plays an important role in the parasite's egress from the blood meal. We found that allosamidin, a specific inhibitor of chitinase, completely blocked oocyst development in vivo and thus blocked malaria parasite transmission. Addition of exogenous chitinase to the blood meal prevented the PM from forming and reversed the transmission-blocking activity of allosamidin. Using exogenous chitinase, we also found that the PM does not limit the number of parasites that develop into oocysts, suggesting that the parasite produces sufficient quantities of chitinase to penetrate this potential barrier. In addition, we found that treatment of parasite chitinase with a diisopropyl fluorophosphate-sensitive trypsinlike protease from the mosquito midgut or endoproteinase Lys-C increased its enzymatic activity. These results suggest that malaria parasite has evolved an intricate mechanism to adapt to the PM and the protease-rich environment of the mosquito midgut.
High-resolution sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Ordovician Montoya Group, southern New Mexico and western Texas: Outcrop analog of an unconventional chert and carbonate reservoir

The Upper Ordovician Montoya Group crops out in southern New Mexico and westernmost Texas and records predominantly subtidal deposition on a gently dipping carbonate ramp that was subsequently almost entirely dolomitized. The Montoya Group is a third-order composite sequence composed of six regionally correlative, shallowing-upward, third-order depositional sequences (M0–M5). Sequence M0 has sandstone at its base that is overlain by skeletal packstone-grainstone. Sequence M0 occurs only locally and was likely deposited in a topographic low formed during regional development of the unconformity following El Paso Group deposition. Sequence M1, marking the initial widespread transgression over the Ellenburger unconformity, consists of sandstone updip that passes downramp into skeletal packstone. The highstand systems tract (HST) of M1 consists of a prograding skeletal grainstone that was subaerially exposed upramp. Sequence M2, which contains the second-order maximum flooding surface, has abundant subtidal cherty carbonate at its base, which shallows upward into a widespread, prograding coral packstone-grainstone in the HST. Sequence M3 also contains abundant downramp chert that passes upramp into an aggrading crinoidal shoal and farther upramp into peritidal mudstone. Sequence M4 records an extensive basinward shift in facies as peritidal burrowed and cryptalgalaminated mudstone prograded over subtidal carbonate. Sequence M5 is only locally developed downramp and consists of crinoidal grainstone with abundant evidence of subaerial exposure. A regional unconformity separates the Montoya Group from the Silurian Fusselman Dolostone or younger units. Parasequences (meter-scale cycles) recording low- to moderate-amplitude relative sea level fluctuations are ubiquituous features at individual outcrops but are difficult to correlate regionally. The abundance of syn- or early depositional chert in the subtidal facies indicates that the Montoya Group was deposited within a region of strong regional upwelling along southern Laurentia. This early formed chert was the reservoir facies in a successful Upper Ordovician gas play in Ward and Reeves Counties, Texas.
Green algal ropes: A novel estuarine phenomenon in the gulf of Maine

During late summer and early autumn of both 1984 and 1985 we observed and photographed the development of a green algal bloom on intertidal mudflats in eastern Maine. The bloom culminated in the formation of thick (8–10 cm) mats and long (>50 m) erpentine rope-like structures. The algal mat was polytypic but composed primarily ofEnteromorpha intestinalis L. We describe the probable sequence of events which led to the formation of algal ropes. The processes involved appear to parallel the development of ball-like masses in other algae. Algal ropes developed after mat formation, as prevailing winds and tidal currents rolled individual and entwined strands across the mudflat. The great mass of algae eventually became embedded into the sediment surface producing anoxic conditions in the substrate up to several cm deep. The ecological significance and possible negative effects of this altered environment on a commercially important bivalve species are discussed.
Spectral statistics beyond random matrix theory.

Using a nonperturbative approach we examine the large frequency asymptotics of the two-point level density correlator in weakly disordered metallic grains. We find that the singularities of the structure factor at the Heisenberg time (present for random matrix ensembles) are washed out when conductance is finite. The results are nonuniversal (they depend on the shape of the grain and on its conductance), though they suggest a generalization for any system with finite Heisenberg time.
Multiuser processes and shared capability lists for shared workspace collaboration

Abstract With the recent interest in collaboration software and tools, there is a growing need and demand for operating systems to support and facilitate the construction of this new application. This article investigates desirable features for shared workspaces and discusses the relevance of operating systems supporting them. Two operating system mechanisms are proposed to support multiuser tool development and sharing of user privileges in a collaborative session. The first mechanism, multiuser processes, is a generalization of traditional operating system processes. The second mechanism, shared capabilities lists, is used to achieve finer control of object sharing among participants. An initial prototype implementation based on BSD 4.3 UNIX is described. Implementation alternatives and associated issues are discussed.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of two virulence‐associated genes in Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2b and comparison with the same genes in other serotypes important in human disease

The nucleotide sequences of the hly and plcA genes (encoding listeriolysin, a thiol-activated cytolysin and a non-specific phospholipase C, respectively) were determined for two strains of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2b. The deduced amino acid sequences for listeriolysin were identical for the two strains and identical to that of listeriolysin from serotype 4b. The two serotype 1/2b strains differed in one amino acid (histidine vs asparagine) in the deduced amino acid sequence for phosopholipase C.
Demonstration of negative differential resistance in GaN/AlN resonant tunneling diodes at room temperature

GaN/AlN resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and negative differential resistance with peak-to-valley ratios as high as 2.15 at room temperature was demonstrated. Effect of material quality on RTDs’ performance was investigated by growing RTD structures on AlN, GaN, and lateral epitaxial overgrowth GaN templates. Our results reveal that negative differential resistance characteristics of RTDs are very sensitive to material quality (such as surface roughness) and MOCVD is a suitable technique for III-nitride-based quantum devices.
Aging in place, age specific migration and natural decrease

This analysis of regional demographic change evaluates the roles of “aging in place” and of age-specific migration on the geographic pattern of the advent of natural decrease in the United States. The spread of natural decrease is projected on the basis of recent births and deaths, in the absence of migration. Age-specific migration data for Oregon and Washington are used to develop a typology of counties that can be used in turn to modify the probable timing of natural decrease.
Problems in curriculum theory development

(1967). Problems in curriculum theory development. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 6, Curriculum Theory Development: Work in Progress, pp. 200-203.
Current Status of Theories of Hearing

In summing up the current status of the hearing theories, it may be said that each of the vibration patterns of the basilar membrane postulated by the four major theories of hearing can be obtained by varying two elastic properties of the membrane—namely, the coupling between adjacent parts and the absolute value of the elasticity. If these two variables are adjusted to their numerical values in the cochlea of a living animal or a fresh preparation of the human ear, traveling waves are observed along the membrane. These traveling waves have a flat maximum that shifts its location along the membrane with a change of frequency—the place of the maximum determining the pitch. An enlarged dimensional model of the cochlea in which the nerve supply of the sensory organs on the basilar membrane was replaced by the skin of the arm indicates that the inhibitory action in the nervous system can produce quite sharp local sensations, which shift their place with changes in the frequency of the vibrations.
Complementation of a red-light-indifferent cyanobacterial mutant.

Abstract Many cyanobacteria alter their phycobilisome composition in response to changes in light wavelength in a process termed complementary chromatic adaptation. Mutant strains FdR1 and FdR2 of the filamentous cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon are characterized by aberrant chromatic adaptation. Instead of adjusting to different wavelengths of light, FdR1 and FdR2 behave as if they are always in green light; they do not respond to red light. We have previously reported complementation of FdR1 by conjugal transfer of a wild-type genomic library. The complementing DNA has now been localized by genetic analysis to a region on the rescued genomic subclone that contains a gene designated rcaC. This region of DNA is also able to complement FdR2. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from FdR1 and FdR2 indicates that these strains harbor DNA insertions within the rcaC sequence that may have resulted from the activity of transposable genetic elements. The predicted amino acid sequence of RcaC shares strong identity to response regulators of bacterial two-component regulatory systems. This relationship is discussed in the context of the signal-transduction pathway mediating regulation of genes encoding phycobilisome polypeptides during chromatic adaptation.
Older Adults’ Pain Descriptions

Abstract The purpose of this study was to describe the types of pain information described by older adults with chronic osteoarthritis pain. Pain descriptions were obtained from older adults' who participated in a post-test–only double-blind study testing how the phrasing of health care practitioners' pain questions affected the amount of communicated pain information. The 207 community-dwelling older adults were randomized to respond to either the open-ended or the closed-ended pain question. They viewed and orally responded to a computer-displayed videotape of a practitioner asking them the respective pain question. All of them then viewed and responded to the general follow-up questions, "What else can you tell me?" and lastly, "What else can you tell me about your pain, aches, soreness or discomfort?" Audiotaped responses were transcribed and their content analyzed by trained independent raters using 16 a priori criteria from the American Pain Society's Guidelines for the Management of Pain in Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis . Older adults described important but limited types of information primarily about pain location, timing, and intensity. Pain treatment information was elicited after repeated questioning. Therefore, practitioners need to follow up older adults' initial pain descriptions with pain questions that promote a more complete pain management discussion. Routine use of a multidimensional pain assessment instrument that measures information such as functional interference, current pain treatments, treatment effects, and side effects would be one way of ensuring a more complete pain management discussion with older adults.
Reduction of Vasomotor Symptoms and Bone Mineral Density Loss with Combined Norethindrone and Long- Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy of Symptomatic Endometriosis: A Prospective Randomized Trial*

The hypoestrogenic state induced by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) has been shown to suppress symptomatic endometriosis effectively but to elicit vasomotor symptoms and loss of bone mineral density. The role of norethindrone as a supplement to GnRHa in eliminating such side effects was assessed by enrolling 20 patients with symptomatic endometriosis diagnosed laparoscopically in a randomized, prospective, double-blinded trial. All patients received the long-acting GnRHa leuprolide acetate 3.75 mg im every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Ten patients self-administered norethindrone 5 then 10 mg by mouth daily, whereas the remainder self-administered placebo tablets. Results of this study showed that combination therapy was as effective as GnRHa alone in significantly reducing circulating gonadotropin and estrogen levels (P less than 0.01), extent of visible endometriotic implants (P less than 0.01), and painful symptoms (P less than 0.01). Marked vasomotor and vaginal symptoms experienced by patients given GnRHa alone were minimized in those receiving GnRHa with norethindrone. Lumbar spine bone mineral density loss, measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, was significantly reduced and more completely reversed in patients receiving combination therapy (P less than 0.05). A reversible decrease in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and increase in low density lipoprotein:high density lipoprotein ratio was noted only in the patients receiving combination therapy, but not in those receiving GnRHa only. The addition of norethindrone to GnRHa is an effective means of treating symptomatic endometriosis while ameliorating side effects induced by GnRHa alone.
Pathology consultation on prostate-specific antigen testing.

Objectives: To provide clarity on the pros and cons of using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a screening tool for prostate cancer. Methods: Case scenarios and a literature review of recently published clinical trial data are presented to provide evidence of the controversy. Results: PSA is a sensitive biomarker for detecting diseases of the prostate, but it is limited in its ability to distinguish cancerous from noncancerous conditions or aggressive from indolent cancers and has resulted in a considerable amount of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Conclusions: The analytical methodology for total PSA testing is both reliable and cost-effective, but patients should be encouraged to talk to their providers to understand the benefits and harms associated with this testing.
High-Pressure Tuning of One- and Two-Photon-Induced Fluorescence of an Organic Crystal NDPB†

We report strongly pressure-dependent up-conversion fluorescence from an organic crystal, 4-(p-nitrophenyl)-3,4-dihydropyrazo[c]-benzo[b]morpholine (NDPB). The fluorescence has a similar pressure dependence following both one- and two-photon excitation. In both cases, we observe a significant shift of the emission spectrum to lower energies and decrease of emission intensity in a relatively narrow pressure range (0−20 kbar). Time-resolved measurements of fluorescence decay yield two lifetimes corresponding to the local and charge-transfer state, which decrease with pressure. Similar pressure dependence of the emission energies and lifetimes in one- and two-photon-induced fluorescence indicate that in both cases the same excited states participate in the fluorescence. The same decrease of fluorescence intensity in both cases indicates that the one- and two-photon absorption spectra have similar pressure dependence.
Fragmentation of riverine systems: the genetic effects of dams on bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Clark Fork River system

Migratory bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) historically spawned in tributaries of the Clark Fork River, Montana and inhabited Lake Pend Oreille as subadult and adult fish. However, in 1952 Cabinet Gorge Dam was constructed without fish passage facilities disrupting the connectivity of this system. Since the construction of this dam, bull trout populations in upstream tributaries have been in decline. Each year adult bull trout return to the base of Cabinet Gorge Dam when most migratory bull trout begin their spawning migration. However, the origin of these fish is uncertain. We used eight microsatellite loci to compare bull trout collected at the base of Cabinet Gorge Dam to fish sampled from both above and further downstream from the dam. Our data indicate that Cabinet Gorge bull trout are most likely individuals that hatched in above-dam tributaries, reared in Lake Pend Oreille, and could not return to their natal tributaries to spawn. This suggests that the risk of outbreeding depression associated with passing adults over dams in the Clark Fork system is minimal compared to the potential genetic and demographic benefits to populations located above the dams.
The occurrence of a transmethylation reaction not involving S-adenosylmethionine in the formation of ribothymidine in Bacillus subtilis transfer-RNA.

Summary The bulk transfer-RNA of Bacillus subtilis contains approximately one thymine residue per molecule. The methyl group of the thymine does not become labeled when the organism is grown in the presence of [methyl-14C]methionine, although other methylated bases of the B. subtilis tRNA do become labeled.
Pontage aortobifémoral laparoscopique avec robot da Vinci et système original de délivrance de la prothèse

Nous rapportons le premier cas connu de pontage aortobifemoral et d'endarteriectomie aortique entierement robotique utilisant le systeme chirurgical da Vinci et une methode unique de delivrance de prothese utilisant l'Endo-Vein Harvester.
Heat of reaction and curing of epoxy resin

The heat of reaction and kinetics of curing of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) type of epoxy resin with catalytic amounts of ethylmethylimidazole (EMI) have been studied by differential power-compensated calorimetry as a part of the program for the study of process monitoring for composite materials. The results were compared with those from 1∶1 and 1∶2 molar mixtures of DGEBA and EMI. A method of determination of heat of reaction from dynamic thermoanalytical instruments was given according to basic thermodynamic principles. The complicated mechanism, possibly involving initial ionic formation, has also been observed in other measurements, such as by time-domain dielectric spectroscopy. The behavior of commercially available DGEBA resin versus purified monomeric DGEBA were compared. The melting point of purified monomeric DGEBA crystals is 41.4 °C with a heat of fusion of 81 J/g. The melt of DGEBA is difficult to crystallize upon cooling. The glass transition of purified DGEBA monomer occurs around −22 °C with aΔCp of 0.60 J/K/g.
Social support and functional outcome in severe mental illness: The mediating role of proactive coping

Individuals with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) are faced with wide-spread social and occupational impairment, yet some are able to achieve a meaningful degree of functional improvement. A structural model based on Proactive Coping Theory was developed and tested in a longitudinal context to better understand: (1) the impact of proactive processes on functioning for people with SMI, and (2) the stability of the theoretical framework over time for this population. A latent path analysis examining social support, positive reappraisal, intrinsic motivation, and role functioning was tested with 148 severely mentally ill individuals receiving psychosocial rehabilitation treatment at baseline. An observed path analysis of the model was examined at six months post-baseline with 102 people. The baseline model displayed an excellent fit to the data and accounted for 54% of the variance in role functioning. Results at time 2 also suggest the empirical promise and potential longitudinal viability of the model. In line with Proactive Coping Theory and a social resources model of coping, social support may facilitate proactive coping processes to enhance role functioning, and these processes may be stable over time for people with SMI.
Intestinal adenomagenesis involves core molecular signatures of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition

The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurs commonly during carcinoma invasion and metastasis, but not during early tumorigenesis. Microarray data demonstrated elevation of vimentin, a mesenchymal marker, in intestinal adenomas from Apc Min/+ (Min) mice. We have tested the involvement of EMT in early tumorigenesis in mammalian intestines by following EMT-associated markers. Elevated vimentin RNA expression and protein production were detected within neoplastic cells in murine intestinal adenomas. Similarly, vimentin protein was detected in both adenomas and invasive adenocarcinomas of the human colon, but not in the normal colonic epithelium or in hyperplastic polyps. Expression of E-cadherin varied inversely with vimentin. In addition, the expression of fibronectin was elevated while that of E-cadherin decreased. Canonical E-cadherin suppressors, such as Snail, were not elevated in the same tumor. Elevated vimentin expression in the adenoma was not correlated with persistent Ras signaling, but was strongly correlated with reduced proliferation indices, active Wnt signaling, and TGF-β signaling, as demonstrated by its dependence on Smad3. We designate our observations of expression of only some of the canonical features of EMT as “truncated EMT”. These unexpected observations are interpreted as reflecting the involvement of a core of the EMT system during the tissue remodeling of early tumorigenesis.
Measurements of Maximum Surface Pressure Deficits in Modeled Atmospheric Vortices

Abstract Time-dependent features of the wall static pressure field beneath vortices modeled in a Ward-type vortex simulator have been investigated with emphasis on measurements of maximum surface pressure deficit. A pressure-measuring system was devised for this purpose which is capable of resolving important transient features of the surface pressure field in an essentially undistorted form, and measurement techniques were employed which reduced the influence of vortex wander. Measurements of maximum surface pressure deficits and their dependence on flow rate and geometry are presented, as well as a detailed study of the magnitudes of the maximum surface pressure deficits as a function of swirl ratio. Also presented are surface pressure distributions in individual subsidiary vortices in a multiple vortex flow. The greatest deficit pressures are found to be associated with the penetration of the vortex breakdown to the surface. The magnitude of the surface pressure deficit is closely related to the. squar...
Further study on MOE-based multiuser detection in unknown multipath

The minimum output energy (MOE) receiver has been developed for multiuser detection when multipath distortion is present. Its performance has been shown to be very close to the minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver at high signal-to-noise ratio. However, due to the additive noise, the constraint vector required to construct the MOE receiver is a biased estimate of the channel vector. Thus, the MOE receiver exhibits degraded performance. To mitigate the noise effect, the constraint cost function is modified to obtain a modified MOE (MMOE) receiver in this paper, leading to a significantly improved channel estimate and detection performance. It is also revealed that the MMOE method converges to the well-known subspace method under certain conditions. In addition to the additive noise, imperfect estimation of the output data covariance matrix also causes performance loss and it is studied in details based on perturbation theory.
SYSTEMATICS OF DEFORMATIONS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI

>In a search for new regions of nuclear deformation and for theoretical verification of experimentally observed re gions, the equilibrium deformations for a large region of the periodic table have been analyzed. The procedure that involves eigenvalues of the Nilsson-model hamiltonian for the self-consistent energies is outlined, and Coulomb and pairing force considerations are discussed. Deformations and energies of deformation are plotted versus neutron and proton numbers. Extended deformation regions are noted where both neutron and proton numbers go from 50 to 82 and where neutron amd proton numbers go from 82 to 126. (D.C.W.)
QUANTITATIVE NMR SPECTROSCOPY

In this review the theoretical and practical factors that govern the suitability and accuracy of NMR measurements for quantitative analysis purposes are discussed. The review is limited to factors important for spectra acquired by modern Fourier Transform instruments.
Reflections on HCI for development

This forum looks at how the fields of interaction design and HCI can extend to cover "developing" communities around the world, ones that are gaining access to digital technology for the first time. Gary Marsden, Editor
Synthesis of (±)-litsenolide Cl

Abstract The β-hydroxy-γ-methyl-α,β′-unsaturated-γ-lactone, litsenolide Cl, was synthesized in a highly stereoselective approach.