cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CS-US Training, Method of Baseline Shock Delivery, and the Conditioned Suppression of Shuttle Avoidance

Two experiments studied changes in shuttle-avoidance behavior of rats during CS-US training. A factorial design, with baseline shock delivery (to both sides of the shuttle chamber, or to the pre-shuttle side only) and initial Pavlovian training (given off- or superimposed on-baseline) as the major variables, was used in both experiments. The design also permitted an analysis of avoidance changes over sessions. Experiment I used a US longer than, and Experiment II a US identical to, baseline shock. In both experiments, shuttle-avoidance changes were affected by the CS-US relationship rather than the specific treatment conditions. Impaired avoidance was found during the preshock CS as indicated by an increase in shock rate. The CS also controlled a positively accelerated response pattern and, simultaneously, an inverted-U shock rate pattern. When the CS subsequently was given without US (Pavlovian extinction), impaired avoidance was replaced by avoidance enhancement.
Transmission delay performance in telemedicine: A case study

Given the prevalence of chronic health conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, epilepsy, and cardiovascular diseases, telemedicine technologies are increasingly adopted to help patients better manage their care and treat these diseases at home. These emerging telemedicine systems have been deployed and tested in a number of different health programs and hospitals. However, due to the lack of dedicated and reliable networking infrastructure, achieving real-time data collection is very challenging task. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive analysis on the delay issues presented during the use of a store and forward telemonitoring system for congestive heart failure patients in urban Philadelphia. Results from this analysis reveal that 10.3% of the patient measurements experience delays of longer than 12 hours. Delays of up to several days occurred in 15.38% these patients who went on to be hospitalized. These delay issues exposed from urban scale real systems have direct impact on the quality of remote health care, causing late diagnosis and intervention especially when patients are experiencing acute exacerbations. Our investigation results essentially call for regulations on telemedicine systems with an emphasis on their temporal constraints.
A phase II trial of first-line FOLFIRINOX for patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma.

89Background: Standard first-line regimens for patients with metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas have an approximate 40% objective response rate (ORR). FOLFIRINOX has been used in first lin...
Blind to what’s in front of them: Theatre of the Oppressed and teacher reflexive practice, embodying culturally relevant pedagogy with pre-service teachers

This study explores how using Theatre of the Oppressed (TO) techniques in combination with training on culturally responsive pedagogies (CRP) impacts pre-service teachers’ perceptions of both thems...
Multisimulations: towards next generation integrated simulation environments

In this paper, we consider the challenge of designing a reflective middleware to integrate multiple autonomous simulation models into an integrated simulation environment (multiasimulation) wherein we can model and execute complex scenarios involving multiple simulators. One of the limitations of the simulators is that they are developed by domain experts who have an in-depth understanding of the phenomena being modeled and typically designed to be executed and evaluated independently. Therefore, the grand challenge is to facilitate the process of pulling all of independently created models together into an interoperating multisimulation model where decision makers can explore different alternatives and conduct low cost experiments. We aim to build such integrated simulation environments by creating a loosely coupled federation of pre-existing simulators. We evaluate our proposed methodology via a detailed case study from the emergency response domain by integrating three disparate pre-existing simulators - a fire simulator (CFAST), an evacuation simulator (Drillsim) and a communication simulator (LTEsim).
Spectroscopic Studies of Molecular Interaction in DNA Constituents

Stability of the DNA helix depends in part on the free energy of association of the DNA-base pairs. Similarly, the interaction between DNA and certain biologically active molecules may be determined in large part by the binding of the latter to the DNA bases. It is possible to study the base pair interactions in nonaqueous solvents, such as chloroform, by means of infrared spectroscopy, and the results of a variety of such studies are summarized. The selectivity of base pairing, effects of chemical substitution on base-pairing equilibria, the thermodynamics of base pairing, and ultraviolet hypochromism in chloroform solution are discussed on the basis of the infrared studies. For aqueous solutions, Raman spectra appear to be a more powerful means of investigating associative equilibria, and a number of interesting systems have been examined with this technique. A survey of the Raman spectra of aqueous solutions of individual bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides is given. The spectra of certain mixtures of nucleosides are discussed, and results are reported from the spectroscopic study of nucleoside-metal ion complexes and of interaction between organic phosphates and metal ions. The advantages of excitation of Raman spectra by lasers are illustrated in preliminary fashion by comparison of the spectrum of polyriboadenylic acid excited with mercury blue light with that excited by a helium-neon laser.
Tracking Down the First Recorded Sickle Cell Patient in Western Medicine

In 1910, the first article describing a case of sickle cell anemia appeared in Archives of Internal Medicine. In 1987, a historian of African American medical history, Todd Savitt, took advantage of an opportunity to research the circumstances behind the publication of that first article and identify the people (patient and physicians) involved. Savitt recounts his "adventures" in tracing the story to its origins in the West Indies.
Preventing Postoperative Atypical Mycobacterial Infection.

Purpose To report a recent outbreak of atypical mycobacterial infection following upper eyelid surgery and the results of a prevention protocol that was successfully instituted to dramatically reduce the infection rate. Methods This is a multicenter retrospective nonrandomized comparative interventional case series. A chart review of 7 patients who developed atypical mycobacterium infection after undergoing blepharoplasty was conducted. Preventative intervention included exchanging ice compresses for reusable gel packs and substituting tap water with bottled or distilled water for facial cleaning during postoperative care. The main outcome measure was disease incidence. Results Of the 368 patients who underwent upper eyelid blepharoplasty and/or blepharoptosis repair from December 2014 to May 2015, 7 people developed cutaneous atypical mycobacterium infection with an incidence of 1.9%. Eighty-six percent of patients received clarithromycin as part of their treatment with average treatment length of 2.8 months. Debridement was performed in 71% of the patients. Biopsy was performed in all patients, and all had histopathology showing granulomatous inflammation. A prevention protocol was developed to reduce potential inoculation in the immediate postoperative period, which successfully reduced the infection rate from 1.9% to 0.06% (p = 0.019). Conclusions Atypical mycobacterium infection, although rare, should be considered as a possible diagnosis in a blepharoplasty patient with delayed development of nodular lesions. Long-term clarithromycin therapy and debridement have shown good outcomes for these patients; however, the best treatment for any infection is prevention. This study provides the first evidence based approach within the ophthalmic literature for reducing the mycobacterium infection rate in blepharoplasty patients.
Two-step recruitment process optimizes retention in FLEX clinical trial

Abstract Introduction The Flexible Lifestyle Empowering Change Study (FLEX) is a multi-site randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of an adaptive behavioral intervention to promote self-management and improve glycemic control for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. A two-step recruitment process was used to optimize study retention by facilitating informed decision-making regarding participation. Methods Those who expressed interest at first contact were given more detailed study information followed by telephone calls to the adolescents and their parents to answer questions and explore potential barriers to participation before making a decision regarding study enrollment. Results Of 694 eligible adolescents who were invited to participate, 397 (57.2%) expressed interest when initially contacted (Step 1). Upon completion of the follow-up telephone calls (Step 2), 276 (39.8%) still agreed to participate; and 258 (37.2%) enrolled and completed a baseline visit with a parent/guardian. Completion rates for measurement visits remained high throughout the study, with an end-of-study retention rate of 93.4%; and only 12 (4.7%) families withdrew from the study. Conclusion The two-step recruitment process encourages potential participants to thoughtfully evaluate their willingness to participate, as well as their ability to make a commitment to the full completion of study requirements. When demonstrating the efficacy of a randomized controlled trial, it may be preferable to accept lower recruitment rates in order to optimize retention rates. The additional time and effort required to implement this two-step process is worthwhile. With a high retention rate, we can be more confident that the outcomes of the randomized controlled trial actually reflect the impact of the intervention.
The Causal Influence of Perceived Social Norms on Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration: Converging Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal, and Experimental Support for a Social Disinhibition Model.

Across three studies, we develop a model of the direct and indirect paths through which the perceived prevalence (perceived descriptive norms [PDN]) of intimate partner violence (IPV) among peers m...
Audit of the diagnosis of rectal evacuation disorders in chronic constipation

Background Balloon expulsion test (BET) and high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRM) are used in diagnosis of rectal evacuation disorders (REDs); their performance characteristics are suboptimal. Methods We audited records of 449 consecutive patients with chronic constipation (CC). We documented anal sphincter tone and contraction, puborectalis tenderness, and perineal descent on digital rectal exam (DRE); maximum resting and squeeze pressures, and rectoanal pressure gradient on HRM; weight or time to balloon expulsion; colonic transit, and area of rectal area on radiograph (RASF). We based the diagnosis of RED on ≥2 abnormalities on both DRE and HRM, excluding results of BET, as the performance of BET is being investigated. Results of RED vs non-RED and results obtained using tbBET vs wbBET groups were compared. We used multivariate logistic regressions to identify predictors of RED using different diagnostic modalities. Key results Among 449 individuals, 276 were included (74 RED and 202 non-RED). Predominant exclusions were for no HRM (n = 79) or use of low resolution anorectal manometry (n = 77). Logistic regression models for abnormal tbBET showed time >60 seconds, RASF and age-predicted RED. For tbBET, the current cutoff of 60 seconds had sensitivity of 39.0% and specificity 93.0% to diagnose RED; on the other hand, applying the cutoff at 22 seconds, the sensitivity was 77.8% and specificity 69.8%. Conclusions & inferences The clinical diagnosis of RED in patients with CC is achieved with combination of DRE, HRM and an optimized, time-based BET. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm the proposed 22 second cutoff for tbBET.
Launching of Active Galactic Nuclei Jets

As black holes accrete gas, they often produce relativistic, collimated outflows, or jets. Jets are expected to form in the vicinity of a black hole, making them powerful probes of strong-field gravity. However, how jet properties (e.g., jet power) connect to those of the accretion flow (e.g., mass accretion rate) and the black hole (e.g., black hole spin) remains an area of active research. This is because what determines a crucial parameter that controls jet properties—the strength of large-scale magnetic flux threading the black hole—remains largely unknown. First-principles computer simulations show that due to this, even if black hole spin and mass accretion rate are held constant, the simulated jet powers span a wide range, with no clear winner. This limits our ability to use jets as a quantitative diagnostic tool of accreting black holes. Recent advances in computer simulations demonstrated that accretion disks can accumulate large-scale magnetic flux on the black hole, until the magnetic flux becomes so strong that it obstructs gas infall and leads to a magnetically-arrested disk (MAD). Recent evidence suggests that central black holes in jetted active galactic nuclei and tidal disruptions are surrounded by MADs. Since in MADs both the black hole magnetic flux and the jet power are at their maximum, well-defined values, this opens up a new vista in the measurements of black hole masses and spins and quantitative tests of accretion and jet theory.
Transfer-Function Determination for Infinite-Tube-Probe Pressure Transducers with Application to Turbofan Core/Combuster Noise

Turbofan hot-section unsteady pressure measurements are complicated by environmental limitations of current-generation sensors. Accurate direct measurements are normally not possible and engine-external measurement techniques, using sufficiently long sense lines, are utilized instead. Remote measurement comes at a cost, however, as it introduces a magnitude reduction within the line as well as a phase lag relative to the desired engine-internal measurement location. Determination, or validation, of a transfer function relating the engine internal pressure to the observed remote value is necessary. Transfer functions are examined for various configurations of the so-called infinite-tube-probe arrangement in order to optimize measurement performance. The experimental setup uses a normal-incidence tube that ordinarily is utilized for impedance eduction. Here, its downstream end instead is made up of a hard-wall termination instrumented with a flush-mounted microphone and a Kulite pressure transducer as well as a sense line connection. This allows the remote and direct measurements to be related under controlled conditions. Transfer-function measurements are presented and compared to predictions for several parametric variations.
Radiation Recall Myositis After Carboplatin/Docetaxel Chemotherapy

Abstract Palliative radiation is an effective form of treatment that can provide meaningful symptom relief in a variety of clinical settings. With continuing advances in clinical therapies, long-term survival after palliative treatment for symptomatic disease is increasingly common, and patients may receive a variety of systemic therapy options following radiation. Here, we report a case and management of radiation recall myositis following administration of carboplatin and docetaxel, a combination which has not previously been associated with this reaction.
Non-equilibrium hybrid organic plasma processing for superhydrophobic PTFE surface towards potential bio-interface applications

Superhydrophobic surfaces have gained increased attention due to the high water-repellency and self-cleaning capabilities of these surfaces. In the present study, we explored a novel hybrid method of fabricating superhydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) surfaces by combining the physical etching capability of oxygen plasma with the plasma-induced polymerization of a organic monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA). This novel hybrid combination of oxygen-MMA plasma has resulted in the generation of superhydrophobic PTFE surfaces with contact angle of 154°. We hypothesized that the generation of superhydrophobicity may be attributed to the generation of fluorinated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) moieties formed by the combined effects of physical etching causing de-fluorination of PTFE and the subsequent plasma polymerization of MMA. The plasma treated PTFE surfaces were then systematically characterized via XPS, FTIR, XRD, DSC and SEM analyses. The results have clearly shown a synergistic effect of the oxygen/MMA combination in comparison with either the oxygen plasma alone or MMA vapors alone. Furthermore, the reported new hybrid combination of Oxygen-MMA plasma has been demonstrated to achieve superhydrophobicity at lower power and short time scales than previously reported methods in the literature. Hence the reported novel hybrid strategy of fabricating superhydrophobic PTFE surfaces could have futuristic potential towards biointerface applications.
Adversarial Video Generation on Complex Datasets

Generative models of natural images have progressed towards high fidelity samples by the strong leveraging of scale. We attempt to carry this success to the field of video modeling by showing that large Generative Adversarial Networks trained on the complex Kinetics-600 dataset are able to produce video samples of substantially higher complexity and fidelity than previous work. Our proposed model, Dual Video Discriminator GAN (DVD-GAN), scales to longer and higher resolution videos by leveraging a computationally efficient decomposition of its discriminator. We evaluate on the related tasks of video synthesis and video prediction, and achieve new state-of-the-art Frechet Inception Distance for prediction for Kinetics-600, as well as state-of-the-art Inception Score for synthesis on the UCF-101 dataset, alongside establishing a strong baseline for synthesis on Kinetics-600.
Dissection of Deep Learning with Applications in Image Recognition

Deep Learning has dramatically improved the accuracy of image recognition. Image recognition is considered to be one of the most challenging problems in imaging science. This paper briefly surveys the application of Deep Learning in classification, object detection, semantic segmentation and instance segmentation of objects in digitized images. The paper reviews widely used Deep Learning models, in classifying, detecting and segmenting objects based on convolutional neural networks (CNN). It provides a summary and presents some discussion about the performance of each model, including training time and accuracy.
GPU-based, parallel-line, omni-directional integration of measured pressure gradient field to obtain the 3D pressure distribution

The introduction of 3D time-resolved velocity measurement techniques enables calculation of the instantaneous pressure distribution by spatially integrating the material acceleration. This paper introduces an efficient method for 3D integration of the acceleration, which does not require prescribed Dirichlet boundary condition on one of the surfaces, minimizes the propagation of errors in acceleration, and can be easily utilized in flows with complex boundaries. This parallel-line, omni-directional integration procedure (Omni3D) calculates the pressure at every point by integration from all directions, while avoiding regions with large acceleration errors. To reduce the computational costs, the calculations are performed by a GPU-based algorithm, which determines the 3D pressure field from tomographic PIV data in 1 min. The accuracy of Omni3D is compared to that of several techniques, including procedures based on solving the Pressure Poisson Equation (PPE) with different Dirichlet boundary conditions. The error analysis is based on Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data for isotropic turbulence, synthetic 3D PIV images for turbulent channel flow generated from DNS data, and experimental data. It examines the effects of spatial resolution, propagation, and avoidance of embedded local errors, boundary conditions, method for calculating the velocity, as well as viscous and sub-grid stresses on the calculated pressures. For acceleration fields with low errors and properly specified boundary conditions, Omni3D and PPE give similar results. However, Omni3D is more effective in suppressing the effects of acceleration errors. Sample experimental results including instantaneous plot of pressure, pressure statistics, and pressure–velocity correlations based on tomographic PIV data are also provided.
Improved Annotation of Untargeted Metabolomics Data through Buffer Modifications That Shift Adduct Mass and Intensity.

Annotation of untargeted high-resolution full-scan LC-MS metabolomics data remains challenging due to individual metabolites generating multiple LC-MS peaks arising from isotopes, adducts, and fragments. Adduct annotation is a particular challenge, as the same mass difference between peaks can arise from adduct formation, fragmentation, or different biological species. To address this, here we describe a buffer modification workflow (BMW) in which the same sample is run by LC-MS in both liquid chromatography solvent with 14NH3-acetate buffer and in solvent with the buffer modified with 15NH3-formate. Buffer switching results in characteristic mass and signal intensity changes for adduct peaks, facilitating their annotation. This relatively simple and convenient chromatography modification annotated yeast metabolomics data with similar effectiveness to growing the yeast in isotope-labeled media. Application to mouse liver data annotated both known metabolite and known adduct peaks with 95% accuracy. Overall, it identified 26% of ∼27 000 liver LC-MS features as putative metabolites, of which ∼2600 showed HMDB or KEGG database formula match. This workflow is well suited to biological samples that cannot be readily isotope labeled, including plants, mammalian tissues, and tumors.
Examining undergraduate computer science participation in North Carolina

Data on CS graduation rates among six academic institutions in NC traces the demographics of those participating (or not) in the discipline.
Accuracy of the tibiofemoral contact forces estimated by a subject-specific musculoskeletal model with fluoroscopy-based contact point trajectories.

Abstract Accurate estimation of the tibiofemoral contact forces relies on exact kinematics and joint geometry. Subject-specific kinematic constraints representing contact point trajectories derived from fluoroscopic measurements during lunge are introduced in a musculoskeletal model of the lower limb and compared to generic kinematic constraints. The medial, lateral, and total contact forces during gait and squat are validated using the data of four patients with an instrumented prosthesis. The accuracy of the estimated contact forces (both with subject-specific and generic kinematic constraints) remains close to the level reported in the literature. The mean root mean square errors range from 0.32 to 0.52 body weights for gait and from 0.27 to 0.72 body weights for squat. The impact of the subject-specific contact point trajectories is not found substantial or consistent between patients and tasks. Indeed, the kinematics of the total knee prostheses remains close to the kinematics of a hinge joint and the contact point locations remain generally centred at 20 mm from the tibia centreline (close to the constant value defined in the generic constraints). The contact point trajectories are also suspected to differ between tasks (lunge vs. gait and squat). While the contact point trajectories have been reported to be sensitive model parameters, no clear improvement of the contact force accuracy is demonstrated on patients with instrumented prosthesis. The introduction (as kinematic constraints) of fluoroscopy-based contact point trajectories may be considered in cases where these trajectories are significantly altered, as reported for osteoarthritis patients.
Quantum spacetime

After a review and reformulation of previous results, further developments in the construction and interpretation of a quantum-theoretic model of general relativistic spacetime are presented. A theorem is proved that clarifies the nature of the boundaries separating the four-dimensional facets of the resulting piecewise linear model, and a simple example of such a spacetime is detailed. The precise way in which any such model unifies the essential features of both quantum theory and general relativity is discussed.
X-48b Phase 1 Flight Maneuver Database and Icp Airspace Constraint Analysis

The work preformed during the Summer 2010 by Peter Fast. The main tasks assigned were to update and improve the X-48 Flight Maneuver Database and conduct an Airspace Constraint Analysis for the Remotely Operated Aircraft Area used to flight test Unmanned Arial Vehicles. The final task was to develop and demonstrate a working knowledge of flight control theory.
A Unified Picture of Nucleotide Selection by a High Fidelity DNA Polymerase I

Structural studies on a high-fidelity Bacillus DNA polymerase I large fragment (Bacillus fragment, BF) on deoxyribonucleotide selectivity over dideoxy- and ribo-nucleotide prior to chemistry reveal...
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency: Diagnosis by molecular analysis of blood

Four missense mutations have been reported to be associated with the typical, adult form of carnitine palmitoyltransferase II (CPT II) deficiency: Three amino acid substitutions (R631C, P50H and D553N) appear to be rare, while the S113L mutation was found to be common in a group of European patients with CPT II deficiency.
Digital Systems Engineering

What makes some computers slow? What makes some digital systems operate reliably for years while others fail mysteriously every few hours? Why do some systems dissipate kilowatts while others operate off batteries? These questions of speed, reliability, and power are all determined by the system-level electrical design of a digital system. Digital Systems Engineering presents a comprehensive treatment of these topics. It combines a rigorous development of the fundamental principles in each area with down-to-earth examples of circuits and methods that work in practice. The book not only can serve as an undergraduate textbook, filling the gap between circuit design and logic design, but also can help practicing digital designers keep up with the speed and power of modern integrated circuits. The techniques described in this book, which were once used only in supercomputers, are now essential to the correct and efficient operation of any type of digital system.
Managing collections of XML schemas in microsoft SQL server 2005

Schema evolution is of two kinds: (a) those requiring instance transformation because the application is simpler to develop when it works only with one version of the schema, and (b) those in which the old data must be preserved and instance transformation must be avoided. The latter is important in practice but has received scant attention in the literature. Data conforming to multiple versions of the XML schema must be maintained, indexed, and manipulated using the same query. Microsoft’s SQL Server 2005 introduces XML schema collections to address both types of schema evolution.
Acoustic Signal Processing

Signal processing refers to the acquisition, storage, display, and generation of signals – also to the extraction of information from signals and the re-encoding of information. As such, signal processing in some form is an essential element in the practice of all aspects of acoustics. Signal processing algorithms enable acousticians to separate signals from noise, to perform automatic speech recognition, or to compress information for more efficient storage or transmission. Signal processing concepts are the building blocks used to construct models of speech and hearing. Now, in the 21st century, all signal processing is effectively digital signal processing. Widespread access to high-speed processing, massive memory, and inexpensive software make signal processing procedures of enormous sophistication and power available to anyone who wants to use them. Because advanced signal processing is now accessible to everybody, there is a need for primers that introduce basic mathematical concepts that underlie the digital algorithms. The present handbook chapter is intended to serve such a purpose.
Discovery of biaryl carboxylamides as potent RORγ inverse agonists

RORγt is a pivotal regulator of a pro-inflammatory gene expression program implicated in the pathology of several major human immune-mediated diseases. Evidence from mouse models demonstrates that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of RORγ activity can block the production of pathogenic cytokines, including IL-17, and convey therapeutic benefit. We have identified and developed a biaryl-carboxylamide series of RORγ inverse agonists via a structure based design approach. Co-crystal structures of compounds 16 and 48 supported the design approach and confirmed the key interactions with RORγ protein; the hydrogen bonding with His479 was key to the significant improvement in inverse agonist effect. The results have shown this is a class of potent and selective RORγ inverse agonists, with demonstrated oral bioavailability in rodents.
Nanoscale Characterization of Surfaces and Interfaces

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) Atomic Force Microscopy Manipulation of Atoms and Atom Clusters on the Nanoscale Spin-offs of STM: Non-Contact Nanoscale Probes.
The Hispanic View of E-mail, Popup, and Banner Advertising

In this paper, the authors broadly investigate Hispanic consumer attitudes and their sociological behaviors toward online advertising. The study documents the correlation between Hispanic attitudes, behaviors, and three types of online advertising that have an effect on cultural distinctions. Additionally, the study compares the group's attitudes toward TV advertising vis-i-vis the three types of online advertising to compare the two medium's similarities and differences. Notably, Hispanics favor e-mail advertising and banner advertising over popup advertising, while Hispanics continue to enjoy advertising on television more than any of the three types of Web advertising that this paper will discuss.
Urea cycle operation in the arginine deficient rat.

Abstract 1. 1. Differences in urea cycle enzymes, growth, and urinary metabolites occur in rats fed the urea cycle substrates arginine, ornithine, or citrulline. 2. 2. The orotic aciduria observed in rats fed a diet devoid of urea cycle substrates is not due to reduced urea cycle enzymatic activities. 3. 3. A dietary deficiency of urea cycle intermediates in the rat increases liver CPS I activities when expressed per gram liver and increases the activities of CPS I, ASN, and ASL when expressed per gram of liver per 100 g body wt.
Elimination of metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster cells by a tumor promoter

Wild-type Chinese hamster V79 cells (6-thioguanine-sensitive) reduce the recovery of 6-thioguanine-resistant cells when they are cultured together at high densities, through a form of intercellular communication (metabolic cooperation). Cooperation is inhibited by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate, rescuing the 6-thioguanine-resistant cells. These results may be useful in the study of an aspect of the mechanism of tumor promotion and in assaying for promoters.
Developing a brand structure pyramid model for travel-related online social networks

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to develop a comprehensive model that combines brand awareness, brand image, brand emotional attachment, brand evaluation and also shows how these constructs affect e-loyalty through the use of travel-related online social network (OSN) websites. Design/methodology/approach – Based on an in-depth literature review, a conceptual e-loyalty model was developed. Empirical data were collected through a web-based questionnaire from 236 respondents. A structural equation modeling was utilized to test the e-loyalty model. Findings – Results indicate that brand awareness positively affects brand image. Brand awareness directly and indirectly influences brand emotional attachment and brand evaluations. The total effects of brand awareness and brand image suggest that higher awareness level and positive image encourage OSN users to be more loyal. In return, this increases the probability that OSN members will repurchase through the OSN websites that they are emotionally connected w...
Residual Stress and Fatigue Properties of AISI H13 Steel by Sustainable Dry Milling

Dry machining is a cluster of sustainable manufacturing processes to eliminate the negative environmental effect of machining coolants. It is critical to ensure that product quality cannot be sacrificed for achieving sustainability. The progress of tool flank wear during hard milling adversely affects surface integrity and, therefore, fatigue life of machined components. This paper focuses on the influence of tool flank wear on residual stress and fatigue properties in dry end milling AISI H13 tool steel (50 ± 1 HRC) using PVD coated tools. The effects of flank wear (VB = 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mm) on residual stresses at three different feeds were studied. Four-point bending fatigue tests were performed on the samples machined at five levels of tool flank wears (VB = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 mm) and surface fatigue initiations of the fatigued samples were identified by the fractographic method.© 2012 ASME
The PRQ--a social support measure.

The Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) is a two-part measure of the multidimensional characteristics of social support. Part one provides descriptive information about the person's resources, the satisfaction with these resources, and whether or not there is a confidant. Part two contains a 25-item Likert scale developed according to Weiss's relational dimensions and a five-item Self-Help Ideology scale. The PRQ was administered as the measure of one of the independent variables in a study of 149 male or female spouses of individuals with multiple sclerosis. Content and face validity procedures were completed previous to the study. An internal consistency reliability coefficient of alpha = .89 was obtained for the PRQ Part 2. Moderate intercorrelations for the dimensional subscales--intimacy, social integration, worth, and assistance--indicate that there is some overlap of these dimensions. Low intercorrelations between nurturance and the other four subscales suggest that nurturance is an independent scale. Modest predictive validity coefficients were obtained. At the present time the intended use of the PRQ is for research. Plans for tool development include obtaining further construct validity information and test-retest reliability.
On the validity of the modified equation approach to the stability analysis of finite-difference methods

The validity of the modified equation stability analysis introduced by Warming and Hyett was investigated. It is shown that the procedure used in the derivation of the modified equation is flawed and generally leads to invalid results. Moreover, the interpretation of the modified equation as the exact partial differential equation solved by a finite-difference method generally cannot be justified even if spatial periodicity is assumed. For a two-level scheme, due to a series of mathematical quirks, the connection between the modified equation approach and the von Neuman method established by Warming and Hyett turns out to be correct despite its questionable original derivation. However, this connection is only partially valid for a scheme involving more than two time levels. In the von Neumann analysis, the complex error multiplication factor associated with a wave number generally has (L-1) roots for an L-level scheme. It is shown that the modified equation provides information about only one of these roots.
Real Analyticity: From Calculus Class to the Grauert-Morrey Theorem

Near the end of the Nineteenth Century, physicists often talked about the closing of their field, about how everything was either already explained or soon would be. We cannot blame them for not realizing that they would have to deal with X-rays and radioactivity: those were only just being discovered. But it is rather disconcerting to note their unconcern at being unable to explain that most familiar of magnetic phenomena, the permanent magnet, which can in fact be explained only in terms of quantum mechanical electron spin, an idea that appeared much later. Mathematicians are more cautious, and no one thinks mathematics is nearing completion in any sense. But it often does happen in mathematics, too, that what seems to be an elementary question can transmogrify itself into something of extreme profundity. This article is about something like that, a problem that could at first sight seem to be an exercise for a calculus book. But as you look at it, the problem expands to lead directly to truly profound mathematics and to one of the great theorems of the modern era.
Metallic negative index nanostructures at optical frequencies: losses and effect of gain medium

One of the most important modern problems in modern electromagnetics is a design and study of negative index metamaterials that may enable sub-wavelength imaging at optical frequencies. Plasmonic periodic metal-dielectric nanostructures present one interesting possibility for both 2D and 3D negative index medium (NIM) systems. The displacement current near plasmonic resonance excitations may produce both negative permittivity and negative permeability (most difficult) in a NIM with e.g. “fishnet” metal-dielectric composite type structure. One obvious problem with a metallic NIM is that the response is strongly dispersive and lossy. Both of these effects are detrimental to sub-wavelength imaging. One way of mitigating losses is to use a gain medium. We address the question of sub-wavelength resolution in the fishnet NIM with and without gain medium.
Capsule commentary on Schickedanz et al.: access, interest, and attitudes toward electronic communication for health care among patients in the medical safety net.

Understanding and testing whether emerging technologies can improve provider–patient communications is important. The acceptability and use of these technologies/tools in vulnerable populations is particularly vital, as it could help reduce disparities in health and healthcare access. Schickendanz et al.1 examined the use of electronic communications in six San Francisco public health department clinics. They found that 55 % of safety net patients routinely used email and text messaging, and 87 % had a strong interest in using it for health matters. At the time of the study, only 17 % reported informal use of email with providers, and none of the clinics had secure communication portals. Patients believed it could improve clinic efficiency and communication with their providers, though they were concerned about creating additional work for busy clinicians and felt that some health issues could not be dealt with by email. Younger patients and those with higher income and education were more likely to want to use email, though even among those not using email, nearly half expressed an interest if secure email were available. Findings from this and other studies2 suggest that electronic communication is something that patients are willing to engage in with their providers in a variety of healthcare settings. Among vulnerable populations—including those receiving care in safety net setting—these findings are compelling, as e-communication represents a potential tool for improving patient-centered care.
Optimal feedback control of batch reactors with a state inequality constraint and free terminal time

Abstract In this paper we derive optimal state feedback laws for end-point optimization of a dynamic system where the final time is free and the system has a scalar inequality constraint. The existence of a singular region as well as the nature of the state feedback law (static or dynamic) is completely characterized in terms of the system dynamics. Explicit synthesis formulae for the state feedback laws are presented. Once the state feedback laws for end-point optimization have been derived, issues on how these laws can be implemented as part of a closed-loop scheme are discussed. As illustrative examples of application of the proposed methodology, several end-point optimization problems in batch chemical reactors are considered.
Effect of the nanoindentation rate on the shear band formation in an Au-based bulk metallic glass

Abstract This study investigated the nanoindentation behavior of Au 49 Ag 5.5 Pd 2.3 Cu 26.9 Si 16.3 bulk metallic glass samples at loading rates ranging from 0.03 to 300 mN s −1 . Notable shear band pop-in events were observed. The pop-in size was observed to increase linearly with the load and decreased exponentially with the strain rate. A free-volume mechanism was proposed for interpreting these observations quantitatively. The results and analyses also shed light on the shear band nucleation and evolution processes in bulk metallic glasses.
Tutorial 5: Business Agility and Process Management

The turbulent modern business environments require firms to be more flexible and agile. This requires ability to quickly integrate and automate intra and inter-organizational business processes. An agile IT architecture is the key to achieving success in this environment. Service oriented architecture and Web services provide means for achieving the business agility. However, significant impediments to wide scale adoption and use of these technologies remain. We will focus on significant challenges in the areas of service identification and design, cataloging and searching for appropriate services, domain specific standardization of service interfaces, matching service functionality with requirements, and service selection based on non functional characteristics. We describe an integrated framework based on standard modeling, design and code generation tools to support development of highly agile application systems. This framework is a result of multi year research effort aimed at developing methodologies and tools for defining business components and Web services, develop schemes for describing components and services in business terms to allow efficient search of appropriate component/services and an environment for assembling application from reusable components and Web services. Specific approaches used to address some of the challenges described above will be discussed
Border Treatment to Reduce Insecticide Use in Seed Potato Production: Biological, Economic, and Managerial Analysis

Worldwide, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) is considered the key vector of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). In the northern Great Plains, introduction of PLRV into seed potato fields is coincident with mid-summer dispersal of winged M. persicae from local crop and weed hosts. Initial colonization of potato fields tends to occur at field margins. In 2003, experiments were conducted in 23 seed potato fields to evaluate effectiveness of targeted methamidophos applications for M. persicae control. These applications provided excellent control (>94%) of colonizing aphids in the borders, slowed subsequent within field spread, and necessitated treatment of 95% fewer hectares than would treating entire fields. Across entire fields, control costs averaged $4.22 per ha for border treatments compared to a hypothetical $58.91 per ha for applying methamidophos to entire fields. Thus targeted insecticide applications can provide effective M. persicae control in seed potato fields while greatly lowering insecticide use and application costs overall.
A simulation analysis of sequencing alternatives for JIT lines using kanbans

Abstract Some companies use JIT techniques to increase flexibility for meeting changing customer demand. However, producing more than one product may require longer processing times or more setup time as production shifts between models. Using a simulated JIT process, this research investigates the effects of sequencing production given various product mix combinations and various setup or processing time additions. The results indicate sequencing does improve output of the JIT process when a second product is added. However, given large increases in setup or processing times, the sequencing logic may break down and throughput time may still increase. The size of the added processing/setup time may result in a bottleneck and control the output of the entire process. Large increases in setup time have a more adverse effect on the process than equivalent increases in processing time.
Active Nanoporous Membranes for Desalination

Current water desalination technologies such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) use tortuous structures and cylindrical nanopores to reject salts by size exclusion. The selective rejection of salts dissolved in water using nanopores requires large pressure gradients across the membranes to produce reasonable flow rates. The electrical power required for generating large pressure gradients increases the operational cost for desalination and limits its application as portable units in small communities and in third-world countries. Further, recently proposed desalination methods using carbon nanotubes and nanofluidic diodes have limited lifetime due to clogging and fouling from contaminants in feed water. Thus, existing or evolving technologies are expensive, bulky and not practical where it is needed the most. In order to develop a desalination system that is not limited by the disadvantages of existing systems, this article investigates the feasibility of a novel active nanopore membrane with superior ion rejection and water transport properties. An active nanopore is a shape-changing hyperboloidal pore that is formed in a rugged electroactive composite membrane and utilizes coupled electrostatic, hydrodynamic and mechanical interactions due to reversible mechanical oscillations between the charged pore walls and dissolved ions in water for desalination. This novel approach takes advantage of the shape of the pore to create a pumping action in the hyperboloidal channel to selectively transport water molecules. In order to demonstrate the applicability of this novel concept for water desalination, the paper will use a theoretical model to model the ion rejection properties and flow rate of salt-free water through an active nanoporous membrane.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
On the instability of inviscid, compressible free shear layers

The linear spatial instability of inviscid compressible laminar mixing of two parallel streams, comprised of the same gas, has been investigated with respect to two-dimensional wave disturbances. The effects of the velocity ratio, temperature ratio, and the temperature profile across the shear layer have been examined. A nearly universal dependence of the normalized maximum amplification rate on the convective Mach number is found, with the normalized maximum amplification rate decreasing significantly with increasing convective Mach number in the subsonic region. These results are in accord with those of recent growth rate experiments in compressible turbulent free shear layers and other similar recent calculations.
Evidence for involvement of HMGB1 protein in human DNA mismatch repair.

Defects in human DNA mismatch repair predispose to cancer, but many components of the pathway have not been identified. We report here the identification and characterization of a novel component required for mismatch repair in human cells. A 30-kDa protein was purified to homogeneity by virtue of its ability to complement a depleted HeLa extract in repair of mismatched heteroduplexes. The complementing activity was identified as HMGB1 (the high mobility group box 1 protein), a non-histone chromatin protein that facilitates protein-protein interactions and recognizes DNA damage. Evidence is also presented that HMGB1 physically interacts with MutSα and is required at a step prior to the excision of mispaired nucleotide in mismatch repair.