cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elevated B-lymphocyte levels in lesional tissue of non-arthritic psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized clinically by maculopapular skin lesions and on the cellular level by increased T-lymphocyte activation in die peripheral blood and migration of activated T-lymphocytes into the lesions. The lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood from 21 Kuwaiti patients showed elevated levels of the T-lymphocyte activation marker CD25, as well as increased expression of HLA-DR compared with a group of age and sex-matched controls, confirming published findings on psoriasis. In addition, there was a tendency towards a significant increase in the CD4+/CD45RO+ (memory cell) population that was also consistent with peripheral T-lymphocyte activation. Immunohistological studies showed a heavy infiltrate of all cell types into the lesional tissue including, as expected, activated T-lymphocytes. An unexpected finding was significantly higher levels of B-lymphocytes infiltrating the psoriatic lesions; they numerically exceeded the T-lymphocyte infiltrate. This has previously been reported only in cases of psoriasis with concurrent arthritis. None of the subjects had arthritis, suggesting an immunopathological variant of psoriasis possibly specific to this population group.
Induction and identification of sativan and vestitol as two phytoalexins from Lotus corniculatus

Abstract Two phytoalexins, (-)-sativan, previously named sativin, [(-)-7-hydroxy-2′,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan], and (-)-vestitol, [(-)-7,2′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavan], were induced by a spore suspension of Helminthosporium turcicum Pass. to accumulate in leaves of birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.).
Attenuation of stretch-induced histopathologic changes of skeletal muscles by quinacrine.

Quinacrine is an inhibitor of phospholipase A(2), an enzyme thought to be involved in activity-related injury of skeletal muscles. Histopathologic changes after injury by stretches of activated plantar-flexor muscles were measured in untreated and quinacrine-treated rats. On day 4 of treatment (50 mg.kg(-1) intraperitoneally for 5 days), 30 stretches were induced by ankle rotation after muscles reached a maximal isometric force. During the stretch protocol, peak stretch forces and isometric force deficits after each stretch [total deficits 56.7 +/- 2.8% (untreated rats) and 59.6 +/- 1.7% (quinacrine-treated rats)] were similar for both groups (n = 6 each). Two days after the stretch protocol, histopathologic changes were evaluated using antibody staining on cross-sections of gastrocnemius medialis muscles. Swollen myofibers devoid of desmin were identified. Similar cells, but not all swollen myofibers, in adjacent sections stained for albumin. Quinacrine reduced the number of desmin-negative and albumin-positive cells by 88% (P < 0.05) and 84% (P < 0.05), indicating that it attenuated histopathologic changes that follow stretch injury of activated skeletal muscles. Histopathologic changes following muscle injury or myopathic disease may thus be reduced or even prevented by selective drug intervention, thereby reducing the risk of muscle fibrosis. Muscle Nerve 27: 65-71, 2003
Turning Towards Multicultural Diversity Competence in Dance/Movement Therapy

Over the last decade psychotherapists have improved their clinical competence to better meet the needs and goals of marginalized populations by reforming guidelines, implementing educational requirements, and shedding a spotlight on potential areas of bias within the therapist-client relationship. The role of nonverbally orientated cultural competence, however, has remained under-researched. Therefore, this qualitative study is designed to better understand dance/movement therapy’s approach toward multicultural diversity competence and to discern and acknowledge the skills, both verbal and nonverbal, currently used by experienced therapists. Several therapeutic skills and considerations for improvements in the field are highlighted, including the need for continued research.
Radiative Meson Decays in a Quark-Oscillator Model

One- and two-photon decays of meson resonances are calculated in a quark-oscillator model using a nonrelativistic interaction Hamiltonian and vector dominance. Harmonic-oscillator wave functions are assumed for $l=0$ and $l=1$ resonances (e.g., $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and ${A}_{2}$, $f$, respectively). The calculations in general are sensitive to the value of the well-width parameter ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}$. Good agreement with experiment is obtained for decays of low-lying states (such as ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$) and for the decay ${A}_{2}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}+\ensuremath{\gamma}[\ensuremath{\Gamma} (\mathrm{predicted})=0.4\ensuremath{-}0.6 \mathrm{MeV}]$. The calculated width for the decay $f(1260)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ is less than that predicted by Kunzst et al., on the basis of a phenomenological Lagrangian by a factor of 3 or more.
MAGNETIC TRANSITION IN QUASI ONE DIMENSIONAL WIRES AND THIN FILMS OF GADOLINIUM

Thin wires of gadolinium metal have been fabricated using a step lithographic technique with cross-sectional areas from 0.87 × 10−11cm2 to 58 × 10−11cm2. The thin films of gadolinium were deposited in a ultra high vacuum system by thermal evaporation with the thickness of films in the range 200A to 1200A. Resistivity data of Gd thin wires does not show evidence of bulk transition at Tc ≈ 293 K (bulk) at all. However, a phase transition manifested as a sharp drop in resistivity of Gd thin wires is observed around 20 K. Thin films of Gd deposited on glass and sapphire substrates were used to measure the magnetic properties using a SQUID magnetometer. Films of thickness > 500A show ferromagnetic transition around 290 K (close to bulk) and a small peak in the magnetization around 20 K is also observed. For Gd films of thickness ~ 200A there is no evidence of ferromagnetic transition, however, the magnetization data clearly shows a peak in the neighborhood of 20 K. It appears that in the case of very thin film...
Absence of localization in the coherent potential approximation: The one-dimensional limit

Abstract Using a Ward identity, it is proven that the coherent potential approximation predicts only extended states in an infinite, one-dimensional, arbitrarily cellularly disordered Anderson model. However, the unique topological characteristics of one-dimension result in divergent vertex corrections so that the reason for the absence of localization is unexpectedly subtle.
Methanopterin biosynthesis: methylation of the biosynthetic intermediates

Abstract The basic scheme for the biosynthesis of methanopterin (MPT) in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum strain ΔH, and M. thermoautotrophicum strain Marburg, has been shown to be the same as that recently determined for Methanosarcina thermophila strain TM-1. This scheme has, as one of its unique steps, the condensation of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 5-phospho- α - d -ribosyl diphosphate (PRPP) to form 4-( β - d -ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5′-phosphate ( β -RFA-P). Labeling experiments with each of these organisms have established that the sites in the overall sequence of reactions from β -RFA-P to MPT, where the S -adenosylmethionine-dependent C-9 and C-7 methylations of the pterin-containing intermediates occur, are organism related. In this work, cell extracts of M. thermoautotrophicum strain ΔH, and M. thermoautotrophicum strain Marburg were found to contain significant amounts of methanopterin lacking the phosphate and 2-hydroxyglutaric acid groups.
Sponsored research in the counseling psychology literature

Abstract Elliott and Shewchuk (1996) assert that counseling psychology should have considerable potential to influence national healthcare and public policy. A mechanism for realizing this potential entails being responsive to national, state and private funding initiatives for reaearch and other programmatic activities. To examine the extent to which counseling psychology resarch reflects an involvement in these initiatives, we studied the rate of sponsored research in three journals traditionally associated with mainstream counseling psychology research. We compared this rate with that observed in oher applied and theoretically oriented psychological journals. In comparison with the research published in the other outlets, results indicated that the mainstream counseling psychology literature has a disproportionately low level of sponsorship from national and federal sources. The scant representation of federally-funded research in the counseling psychology literature may effectively preclude full parti...
Potential of the Asian Predator, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), to Control Matsucoccus resinosae Bean and Godwin (Homoptera: Margarodidae) in the United States

Studies were conducted in Connecticut from 1983 to 1986 to determine the ease with which the Asian coccinellid, Harmonia axyridis Pallas, can be reared in the laboratory, its ability to control Matsucoccus resinosae Bean and Godwin on Pinus resinosa Aiton, and its ability to overwinter outdoors. The beetle was reared on a diet of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), grown on Vicia faba L. at 27°C and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Mean development time from oviposition to adult eclosion was 18.6 ± 1.3 d and the average female produced 718.7 ± 93.6 offspring during her adulthood of 83.6 ± 18.7 d. Percentage of predation was high (>80%) if scale-infested pine branches were caged with different densities of H. axyridis larvae when the conspicuous eggs, cysts, and adults of M. resinosae were present. Percentage of predation was significantly lower when scales were predominantly first instars concealed beneath pine bark. Cannibalism was common (>50%) among H. axyridis larvae at all experimental densities. Most of 905 paint-marked adult beetles released uncaged onto infested pines dispersed within the first few days after release. However, before departure, some adults laid eggs on the pines and established a resident population of H. axyridis. Less than 10% of the adult beetles ( n = 762) placed in overwintering cages in the field survived from November through March, a period during which weather conditions were normal for Connecticut.
The safety, tolerability, and subject-rated effects of acute intranasal cocaine administration during aripiprazole maintenance II: increased aripipirazole dose and maintenance period.

Objectives: This experiment determined the safety and tolerability of intranasal cocaine during aripiprazole maintenance. Methods: Six cocaine-dependent human subjects were maintained on aripiprazole (15 mg) and placebo for 10 days in counterbalanced order prior to assessing the physiological and subject-rated effects of intranasal cocaine. Results: Intranasal cocaine produced prototypical stimulant-like effects (e.g., increased blood pressure and heart rate, increased subject ratings of Like Drug and Stimulated), and aripiprazole enhanced these effects on several measures. Conclusions: Aripiprazole (15 mg/day) is safe and tolerable when combined with cocaine; however, the usefulness of aripiprazole as a treatment for cocaine-use disorders remains to be determined.
Situs inversus totalis, renal and pancreatic dysplasia, and cysts as an autosomal recessive new entity?

Situs inversus totalis, renal and pancreatic dysplasia, and cysts as an autosomal recessive new entity?
A mathematical programming generator

This paper describes a mathematical programming generator that interprets problem statements written in the algebraic notation found in journal articles and text-books and outputs statements in the MPS format used by IBM's MPSX mathematical programming system. The system has been implemented in the APL programming language. Although originally designed for stand-alone use, it is currently being used as a component in an expert system that will help users formulate large linear programming models. The paper describes the syntax of the problem definition language and gives some illustrative examples. There are several unique features. First, the user can define objective function, constraint and right-hand-side coefficients as APL expressions. This leads to concise problem statements and also reduces data storage and processing requirements. Second, the system supports an integrated data base query language. Finally, there are a number of aids for model maintenance and sensitivity analysis. The last section of the paper describes the use of MPGEN in the expert system context.
Detecting many-body entanglement in noninteracting ultracold atomic Fermi gases

We explore the possibility of detecting many-body entanglement using time-of-flight (TOF) momentum correlations in ultracold atomic Fermi gases. In analogy to the vacuum correlations responsible for Bekenstein-Hawking black hole entropy, a partitioned atomic gas will exhibit particle-hole correlations responsible for entanglement entropy. The signature of these momentum correlations might be detected by a sensitive TOF-type experiment.
A Poética do Mercado Público: Gritos de Vendedores no México e em Cuba

Neste ensaio, traco a trajetoria de desenvolvimento da poetica em acao atraves da analise da forma e da funcao dos chamados de vendedores de rua e de mercado. Comeco com uma discussao sobre a funcao poetica na producao e no uso dos chamados em sua utilizacao para agilizar a venda de mercadorias nos mercados mexicanos. A seguir, volto-me para a poetica de uma forma cognata, o pregon, em Cuba, na qual a funcao poetica atinge maior proeminencia, sobrepujando a agenda pragmatica de anunciar mercadorias a venda, aproximando-se de uma performance plena, ou seja, um display virtuoso. Finalmente, examino La caserita (A dona de casa), uma son-pregon divorciada completamente da venda de mercadorias nos espacos publicos do mercado e das ruas e enquadrada como uma forma de performance na qual a performance gravada torna-se, ela mesma, uma mercadoria a venda.
Investigating critically ill patients' and families' perceptions of likelihood of survival.

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the perception of chance for survival among critically ill patients and surrogates and compared those perceptions to actual survival and to clinical estimates of illness severity. Secondary aims explored whether select demographic, clinical, or personal measures were associated with different perceptions of chance for survival. Design: Prospective, sequential, observational, survey-based study. Primary measures were perception of chance for survival as compared to actual survival and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores. Setting: Tertiary care, academic medical intensive care unit (MICU). Patients: Subjects were English-speaking adult MICU patients with a MICU length-of-stay greater than three days or their surrogates (n = 100). Results: Respondents tended to be more optimistic regarding chance for survival than supported by actual survival (p = 0.07) or APACHE II tertile (p = 0.34). Secondary analyses found African American race,...
The encapsulated nuclear heat source reactor for low-waste proliferation-resistant nuclear energy

Abstract The encapsulated nuclear heat source (ENHS) is a new Pb-Bi cooled modular reactor concept that features a combination of the following useful features that may make nuclear energy more attractive: (1) 20 years of full power operation without refueling. (2) Nearly constant fissile fuel contents and k eff . (3) No on-site refueling and fueling hardware. (4) The ENHS modules are factory manufactured and transported already fueled to the site. (5) No access to neutrons. (6) No mechanical connections between the ENHS module and the energy conversion plant (The ENHS module has the function of a nuclear battery — with 20 years of full power operation at 125 MW th ). (7) At end of life, the ENHS module serves as a spent fuel storage cask and, later, as a spent fuel shipping cask. That is, the fuel is locked inside the ENHS from “cradle to grave”. (8) 100% natural circulation resulting in passive load following capability and autonomous control. This combination of features offers a highly safe nuclear energy system that is characterized by low waste, high proliferation resistance and high uranium utilization. The low waste and high uranium ore utilization are achieved by recycling the Pu and MA many times using a proliferation-resistant dry process; only fission products are to be extracted between cycles. Spent LWR fuel can provide for the HM make-up. The high level of proliferation resistance is obtained by restricting access to the fuel and neutrons and by eliminating the economic incentive of the client country to invest in sensitive technologies or infrastructure that can be used for clandestine production of strategic nuclear materials.
The “stem cell leukemia” gene: what's in a name?

HEMATOPOIESIS The name “stem cell leukemia” (SCL) was assigned to a gene involved in a t(1;14) translocation associated with an acute leukemia with early T-cell phenotype and myeloid differentiation potential. SCL is a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family and
Lower syringe sharing and re-use after syringe legalization in Rhode Island

Abstract Increased access to sterile syringes reduces the transmission of HIV, viral hepatitis and other infectious diseases, without increasing injection drug use. In Rhode Island, in 2000, syringes were legalized to reduce spread of disease but remained outlawed in Massachusetts until 2006. Drug users undergoing inpatient detoxification in Rhode Island and Massachusetts were surveyed about their syringe usage between October 2001 and August 2003. Two hundred forty-seven Rhode Island, and 226 Massachusetts inpatients completed surveys. Of these, 61% (n = 151) from Rhode Island and 46% (n = 105) from Massachusetts reported injecting within 6 months. Respondents from Rhode Island reported reusing a syringe in the last 30 days less often than Massachusetts respondents (0.35 versus 0.50; 95% CI on difference 0.01–0.29). Syringe re-use and sharing among drug injectors in Rhode Island was markedly lower than in Massachusetts. This difference is attributed at least in part to the legalization of non-prescription sterile syringes in Rhode Island in 2000. Laws and policies that increase legal syringe availability can decrease injection related transmission of HIV and other infectious diseases.
Optimality in neuromuscular systems

We provide an overview of optimal control methods to nonlinear neuromuscular systems and discuss their limitations. Moreover we extend current optimal control methods to their application to neuromuscular models with realistically numerous musculotendons; as most prior work is limited to torque-driven systems. Recent work on computational motor control has explored the used of control theory and estimation as a conceptual tool to understand the underlying computational principles of neuromuscular systems. After all, successful biological systems regularly meet conditions for stability, robustness and performance for multiple classes of complex tasks. Among a variety of proposed control theory frameworks to explain this, stochastic optimal control has become a dominant framework to the point of being a standard computational technique to reproduce kinematic trajectories of reaching movements (see [12]) In particular, we demonstrate the application of optimal control to a neuromuscular model of the index finger with all seven musculotendons producing a tapping task. Our simulations include 1) a muscle model that includes force- length and force-velocity characteristics; 2) an anatomically plausible biomechanical model of the index finger that includes a tendinous network for the extensor mechanism and 3) a contact model that is based on a nonlinear spring-damper attached at the end effector of the index finger. We demonstrate that it is feasible to apply optimal control to systems with realistically large state vectors and conclude that, while optimal control is an adequate formalism to create computational models of neuro-musculoskeletal systems, there remain important challenges and limitations that need to be considered and overcome such as contact transitions, curse of dimensionality, and constraints on states and controls.
Analytically-guided-sampling particle filter applied to range-only target tracking

Particle filtering (PF) is a popular nonlinear estimation technique and has been widely used in a variety of applications such as target tracking. Within the PF framework, one critical design choice that greatly affects the filter's performance is the selection of the proposal distribution from which particles are drawn. In this paper, we advocate the proposal distribution to be a Gaussian-mixture-based approximation of the posterior probability density function (pdf) after taking into account the most recent measurement. The novelty of our approach is that each Gaussian in the mixture is determined analytically to match the modes of the underlying unknown posterior pdf. As a result, particles are sampled along the most probable regions of the state space, hence reducing the probability of particle depletion. We adapt this proposal distribution into a new PF, termed Analytically-Guided-Sampling (AGS)-PF, and apply it to the particular problem of range-only target tracking. Both Monte-Carlo simulation and real-world experimental results validate the superior performance of the proposed AGS-PF over other state-of-the-art PF algorithms.
Spatial correlations of daily and weekly maximum day exposure of solar UV radiation in the continental United States

Impacts of UV radiation on humans, plants and animals involve both acute exposures to high levels of UV radiation and chronic exposures to moderate to high levels of UV radiation. However exposure estimates are often limited by the relatively low density of ground-based measurements of solar ultraviolet irradiance. This study relates the spacing of measurements to the accuracy of estimating daily exposure (chronic exposure) and maximum daily exposure over a 7-day interval (acute exposure) to solar UV. 300 nm, 368 nm, and UVB broadband measurements using multi-filter rotating shadow band radiometers and a broadband radiometer were paired by day for locations within a climate region. The variability in exposures in the various wavebands was evaluated using spatial statistics and interpolations made using kriging methods. The spatial correlation of the 300 nm and UVB acute exposures were greater than the correlation for the chronic daily exposures for distances up to 500 km. Conversely, the spatial correlation of the 368 nm acute exposure was greater than that for the chronic daily exposures for distances up to 500 km. A decrease in the variability in the acute over chronic exposure resulted in an improved ability to estimate the acute exposure across the full 1100 km domain. Limitations to the interpolation of 368 nm acute exposure were assumed to be due to local cloud effects on the radiation. Improvements in the ability to interpolate chronic 300 nm, 368 nm, and UVB exposures from the present USDA UVB Climate Network will require longer exposure periods.
The dependence of particle shapes on partial free energies of bonding to inert substrates

In their 1997 book (p 372) Adamson and Gast remark that the accepted thermodynamic equation for the equilibrium shape of a drop on an inert substrate, the Young (or Young-Dupre) equation, has never been experimentally verified, and they point out the formidable experimental obstacles to its verification. But the theory itself may be imperfect. The present paper draws attention to the fact that the Young equation is routinely applied to evaluate particle shapes under conditions which are inconsistent with its underlying assumption, suggests a thermodynamic model that eliminates that inconsistency, and cites an important prediction of the new model that is confirmed by experiments.
The adverse pharmacology of calcineurin inhibitors and their impact on hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation: implications for clinical practice

Calcineurin inhibitors are widely used as maintenance immunosuppressants in solid-organ transplantation to minimize the risk of allograft rejection. Although the use of these agents has transformed the outcomes for patient and graft survival, this has come at a cost, notably the well-known adverse events of nephrotoxicity and metabolic abnormalities, to name a few. Over the last decade, tremendous interest has also focused on the impact of these medications on the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV), with cyclosporine in particular having a negative effect on viral replication in vitro. Although small retrospective studies suggested that there may be a beneficial effect with cyclosporine on the progression of recurrent HCV and response to interferon, these findings have not been validated in several well-designed randomized controlled trial studies. The authors will review the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of these well-known drugs and discuss the impact of these medications on the natural history ...
Capacity gain through power enhancement in multi-radio multi-channel wireless networks

The main focus of this paper is to show theoretically that power is a crucial factor in multi-radio multi-channel (MR-MC) wireless networks and hence by judiciously leveraging the power, one can realize a considerable gain on the capacity for MR-MC wireless networks. Such a capacity gain through power enhancement is revealed by our new insights of a co-channel enlarging effect. In particular, when the number of available channels (c) in a network is larger than that necessary for enabling the maximum set of simultaneous transmissions (c), allocating transmissions to those additional c-c channels could enlarge the distance between the co-channel transmissions; the larger co-channel distance then allows a higher transmission power for higher link capacity. The finding of this paper specifically indicate that by exploiting the co-channel enlarging effect with power, one can realize the following gain on the capacity for MR-MC wireless networks: (i) In the channel-constraint region (c <; c <; nφ/2), if each node augments its power from the minimum Pmin to Pmin c/cα/2, then a gain of Θ(log(c/c)α/2) is achieved; (ii) In the power-constraint region (c ≥ nφ/2), if each node sends at the maximum power level, Pmax = Pmin.nK or Pmin.2nφ/2, depending on the power availability at a node, then a gain of Θ(log n) or Θ(n) is achieved, respectively.
Experimental investigation of vibration delocalization of mistuned bladed disks utilizing piezoelectric circuitry design

An experimental investigation of vibration delocalization of mistuned bladed disks using piezoelectric circuitry design is presented in this paper. A piezoelectric network is synthesized on a mistuned bladed disk, where its effectiveness is evaluated by comparing the blade tip displacements of the bladed disk with and without the circuitries. The possibility of improving delocalization by increasing the electro-mechanical coupling ability of the piezoelectric network using negative capacitance circuits is also investigated. The experimental results show that piezoelectric networking can reduce the localization level and adding negative capacitance can effectively enhance the performance, as predicted in previous theoretical studies.
Commutation error correction for large eddy simulations of convection driven dynamos

An error arises in large eddy simulations when the order of spatial differentiation and filtering operations is commuted on a non-uniform grid. The magnitude of the commutation error is controlled by spatial variations in the width of the filter function, which is conventionally defined in terms of the local grid size. We have previously found large commutation errors in the sub-grid scale (SGS) terms of a numerical dynamo model, particularly near boundaries where the grid size changes most rapidly. In the present study, we propose a correction for the commutation error which is specifically designed for use with the nonlinear gradient SGS model. The commutation error correction for each SGS term can be expressed as the product of the spatial derivative of the second-order moment of the filter function and the second spatial derivative of the SGS term. We test the correction using output from a fully resolved convection-driven dynamo simulation in a rotating plane layer. As an example, we evaluate the SGS...
The specific surface of Na+-humate on the basis of coion exclusion

Abstract The activity of the coion in Na + -humate sol from the membrane potential and the activity of coion in the dialyzate values is calculated. The specific surface of Na + -humate sol, determined by the negative absorption of coion, is close to 2000 m 2 g −1 . The relationships among the specific surface, the molecular weight and the size of particles of Na + -humate sol are considered.
Lamb Waves Decomposition and Mode Identification Using Matching Pursuit Method

Matching pursuit (MP) is an adaptive signal decomposition technique and can be applied to process Lamb waves, such as denoising, wave parameter estimation, and feature extraction, for health monitoring applications. This paper explored matching pursuit decomposition using Gaussian and chirplet dictionaries to decompose/approximate Lamb waves and extract wave parameters. While Gaussian dictionary based MP is optimal for decomposing symmetric signals, chirplet dictionary based MP is able to decompose asymmetric signals, e.g., dispersed Lamb wave. The extracted parameter, chirp rate, from the chirplet MP can be used to correlate with two Lamb wave modes, S0 and A 0 .
The One and Only Argument for Radical Millianism

Radical Millianism agrees with less radical varieties in claiming that ordinary proper names lack “descriptive senses” and that the semantic content of such a name is just its referent but differs from less radical varieties of Millianism in claiming that any pair of sentences differing only in the exchange of coreferential names cannot differ in truth-value. This is what makes Radical Millianism radical. The view is surprisingly popular these days, and it is popular despite the fact that, until very recently, there was not a single argument for it. Theodore Sider and David Braun (2006) have tried to provide the missing argument, but, I argue, their attempt fails. I conclude that we (still) have no reason to be Radical Millians.
Packaging and Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)

Packaging is critical to the advancement of microsystems integrating microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with microelectronic, optoelectronic and microwave devices. This paper discusses microsystems packaging with three cases: a) packaging of MEMS: flip-chip assembly to interconnect MEMS devices with other components; b) packaging for MEMS: novel MEMS devices fabricated using packaging technologies such as flexible circuit; and c) MEMS for packaging: MEMS devices used for active alignment for optoelectronic packaging. With such a close relationship between packaging and MEMS, we expect to see many novel microsystems with packaging and MEMS technologies fully integrated in the future.
Variability of Current and Bottom Pressure Across the Continental Shelf in the Northeast Gulf of Alaska

Abstract The low-frequency (<0.25 cph) velocity and bottom pressure variability were studied in the northeast Gulf of Alaska from March to August 1976. Measurements of velocity in 100, 185 and 250 m of water showed a contrast between the flow at the shelf break and that on the shelf. The former circulation had a weak mean alongshore flow (5 cm s−1), but large anticyclonic low-frequency fluctuations. On the shelf the flow was almost entirely alined along isobaths. The anticyclonic shelf break fluctuations did not propagate onto the shelf. Bottom pressure variations measured at four locations showed little variation along the shelf and a linear decrease in bottom pressure variance across the shelf. Correlations of bottom pressure gradient with velocity indicate much of the alongshore flow was consistent with barotropic quasi-geostrophic dynamics. Cross-shelf flow could not be related to the pressure gradients. Examination of the pressure field response to the wind showed that the nearshore sea level setup a...
Will U.S. Fertility Decline Toward Zero

Although the U.S. is commonly categorized as a pronatalist country in reality the society is structurally antinatalist and aggregate forces within the society are gradually increasing the strength of the antinatalist structure. The population is not only declining toward zero population growth but is declining toward zero. In Europe during the 19th and 20th century industrialization led to social changes which gradually increased the disadvantages of raising children and decreased the advantages of raising children. Couples responded by reducing their fertility despite opposition from religious and political leaders. A similar trend occurred in the U.S. but experts are reluctant to recognize the decline as a problem. In the U.S. female participation in the labor force is increasing and women are finding it increasingly difficult to both work and raise children. Other factors which contribute toward making it less rewarding and more costly to raise children in the U.S. are: 1) the increasing cost of raising and educating a child; 2) the increasing psychological costs of raising children under modern conditions; 3) the growing acceptance on the part of husbands of a working role for their wives; 4) increasing opportunity costs for women who stay at home; 5) a lack of day care facilities; 6) the decreasing need for children to assume responsiblity for the care of aged parents; and 7) high divorce rates. In the past couples who chose not to have children were viewed as selfish. This attitude is also changing. In a nationwide telephone survey respondents were asked if voluntary childless couples were selfish. Only 1/4 of the respondents thought such couples were selfish and those least likely to view these couples as selfish were young educated respondents. These findings support the contention that U.S. society is structurally antinatalist and that attitudes in support of an already existing antinatalist behavioral pattern are now being adopted.
Lamb waves in unsupported thin films: A Brillouin-scattering study.

Using Brillouin scattering we have succeeded in observing the normal modes of vibration of unsupported films in a region where the dispersion relationship is quadratic. Extremely low-lying excitations were observed in thin films with thicknesses as small as 200 A\r{}. Contrary to what has been found in work on supported films, we are able to extract information on a number of the elastic moduli because the measured velocities in very thin films do not depend on the properties of the substrate. This technique should be a valuable addition to the tools which can be used in the study of materials in thin-film form.
A CAPACITANCE MATRIX TECHNIQUE

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a capacitance matrix technique. It is a modification method that is associated with elliptic difference systems and is characterized by modification of rows. This technique is used to modify a system of elliptic difference equations such that fast Poisson technology is applicable to the modified system. As fast Poisson techniques are very efficient, there is the possibility of achieving efficiency in the entire capacitance process. The chapter presents a unified development of capacitance matrix technique. It discusses some practical situations where this method might be used. Modification methods obtain the solution of matrix equation Au = v by solving another equation Bu = w. Usually B differs only slightly from A, so B is naturally thought of as a modification of A. If A is an elliptic finite difference matrix, then B is chosen so that the equation Bu = w can be solved efficiently. The modification w of the right-hand side v must be computed, and to determine w, certain elements of (AB-1) must be known. As these elements are independent of v, this computation is done as a preprocessing phase. Using the results of the preprocessing, the solution of a particular equation Au = v can then be done efficiently.
Environmental considerations of offshore generating stations

The environmental considerations and the supporting program of studies for the offshore nuclear generating station is described and some of the anticipated environmental effects of the plant are discussed. A large amount of on-site investigation, laboratory experiments, and analysis is being carried out as a basis for an accurate prediction of the environmental impact. Physical models of the breakwater are being tested for wave effects. An on-site ecological survey is including sampling of the marine biota on an extensive scale. A prediction of the thermal effluent release pattern is being conducted by both computer model and physical modeling. An oceanographic survey is measuring currents, temperatures, etc. Measurement of the existing natural background of radiation will be conducted. No adverse effects on the environment are predicted from studies conducted thus far.
Actigraphic-measured sleep disturbance predicts increased positive symptoms in adolescents at ultra high-risk for psychosis: A longitudinal study

Background Sleep disturbance is prevalent among patients with psychosis, yet little is known about sleep health during the ultra high-risk (UHR) period. This study used actigraphy to evaluate sleep in healthy control (HC) and UHR adolescents to examine the relationship between sleep disturbance and psychosis symptoms at baseline and 12-month follow-up, as well as comparisons between objective and subjective measurements of sleep functioning in UHR youth.
Evidence for expression of early myeloid antigens in mature, non‐blast myeloid cells in myelodysplasia

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders with frequent cytogenetic abnormalities. They can arise de novo or be related to therapy. Although blasts in MDS have been studied extensively, there is little information available on the mature, non-blast myeloid cells (NBMCs). We used a retrospective case-control study design. NBMC populations in MDS (48 cases) and in tumor-free control (12 cases) bone marrow samples were analyzed using multiparameter flow cytometry for mean side scatter (SSC) channel number and for expression of aberrant cell surface antigens. MDS cases were stratified on the basis of cytogenetic abnormalities. We report that NBMCs in MDS with normal karyotype expressed significantly higher HLA-DR than controls (P = 0.034). NBMCs in MDS cases with cytogenetic abnormalities and with > or =5% marrow blasts, compared with controls, had significantly higher CD34 and higher HLA-DR but lower CD10 and lower SSC mean channel number. CD34 expression in NBMCs was significantly greater in therapy-related MDS compared with de novo MDS ( P = 0.01), although the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities was not different ( P > 0.05). These data suggest that bone marrow, mature, NBMCs have phenotypic changes in MDS that are not seen in normal controls.
Cell-free synthesis of peptides bearing rabbit immunoglobulin allotypic markers.

Abstract A cell-free system derived from the spleens and lymph nodes of genetically characterized rabbits has been used to synthesize peptides bearing b4 and b5 allotypic specificities which are genetic markers for immunoglobulin light chains. Peptide synthesis requires polysomes, a pH 5 fraction, and an exgenous source of ATP. The system appears to complete peptides previously initiated on the polysomes in vivo . Newly synthesized peptides bearing b4 or b5 allotypic markers of immunoglobulin light chains were detected by their inhibition of the reaction of 125 I-labeled b4 or b5 Fab fragments with the specific anti-allotype antiserum. Sucrose gradients were used to assay for this interaction. As expected, cell-free systems from b4 to b5 homozygous rabbits synthesized peptides bearing only b4 or br allotypic markers. Although both types of light were present in the serum of heterozygous rabbits, systems from b4b5 heterozygous rabbits tended to support the synthesis of either b4 or b5 peptides but not both.
Scalable XPath Evaluation on Large-Scale Continuously Evolving XML Repositories

Continuously Evolving XML(CEXML) documents are important for representing constantly-changing information in a number of emerging domains such as software configuration management and geographical information systems. CEXML document consists of multiple versions of an XML document as it evolves over time. Evaluating XPath expressions in large CEXML repositories is inherently challenging because of the additional temporal dimension. This paper introduces an important class of XPath queries for CEXML documents called version specific XPath expressions (VS-XPath). We present a scalable and efficient framework for VS-XPath evaluation on CEXML repositories. Our framework is a novel adaptation of the interval-based indexing scheme and it incorporates several unique features. First, we significantly reduce the index computation and storage costs by selectively indexing interspersed subsets of versions of CEXML documents. Second, we present a set of algorithms that utilize the available indices to obtain first-cut solutions of XPath queries and refine the solutions by taking into account the edits occurring between various versions. Third, we propose a unique method to drastically prune the edits that need to be processed when evaluating a XPath expression thereby providing significant performance gains. This paper also reports a detailed experimental study demonstrating the scalability and efficiency benefits of the proposed framework in terms of indexing costs, query latencies and storage costs.
N-methoxy-n-methylamides as effective acylating agents

Abstract Readily preparable N-methoxy-N-methylamides couple in good yields with Grignard and organolithium reagents to produce ketones, and are reduced with hydrides to afford aldehydes.
Postharvest life and flavor quality of three strawberry cultivars kept at 5 °C in air or air+20 kPa CO2

The postharvest life and flavor quality of three strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa D.) cultivars (Aromas, Diamante and Selva) kept at 5 8C in air or air� /20 kPa CO2 for up to 15 days were investigated. ‘Diamante’ and ‘Selva’ had better flavor quality than ‘Aromas’ strawberries, as indicated by levels of titratable acidity and total soluble solids, organic acids, sugars and some aroma compounds and by a consumer preference test. Flesh firmness was maintained in ‘Aromas’ and increased in ‘Diamante’ and ‘Selva’ strawberries during storage at 5 8C in both air and air� /20 kPa CO2. Fruit color was not affected by CO2 treatments. The postharvest life based on appearance was 7, 9 and 9 days for ‘Aromas’, ‘Diamante’ and ‘Selva’ fruits stored in air and it was extended by 2, 2 and 4 days, respectively, by the CO2enriched atmosphere. However, the level and proportion of flavor components (sugars, organic acids, aroma compounds) and fermentative metabolites, as well as the results of sensory evaluations, indicated that the flavor life was shorter than postharvest life based on appearance in ‘Aromas’ fruit stored in air (5 vs. 7 days) and in CO2-stored ‘Aromas’ (7 vs. 9 days) and ‘Selva’ (11 vs. 13 days) fruit. ‘Selva’ and ‘Diamante’ strawberries retained their flavor quality during storage at 5 8C in air for 9 days and CO2-stored ‘Diamante’ fruit for 11 days. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Environmental triggers to cryoprotectant modulation in separate populations of the gall fly, Eurost a solidaginis (Fitch)

Northern and southern populations of the gall fly Eurosta soliduginis utilize quantitatively distinct adaptive strategies when exposed to a laboratory simulation of winter temperatures, Both populations are freezing tolerant and rely in part on the temperature-dependent accumulation of gly- cerol and sorbitol, and static but elevated levels of trehalose for protection. The accumulation triggers are time-temperature dependent. For northern and southern populations, exposure to 5-C for periods exceeding 24 hr. but less than 5 days or 5'C with a gradual reduction (l'C/day) results in the accumu- lation of sorbitol at 1.5 pg/mg/day. Glycerol levels remain essentially constant between 10' and - 25' C in each population. However, the concentration of glycerol in the Minnesota population is 334 times greater that that of the Texas specimens. Haemolymph melting points varied quantitatively with chang- ing cryoprotectant levels. No significant difference was noted between the supercooling points of each population. This suggests that ice-nucleator levels were comparable throughout the exposure period. Ke!, Worrl Intlr.~: Insect cold-hardiness, cryoprotectant, supercooling. Eurostcr solidoginis
Geomorphic and stratigraphic analysis of Crater Terby and layered deposits north of Hellas basin, Mars

Received 20 September 2006; revised 12 February 2007; accepted 17 May 2007; published 24 August 2007. [1] The geologic history of Crater Terby is developed through geomorphic and stratigraphic analyses within the regional context of the Hellas basin. Terby exhibits � 2-km-thick sequences of layers that consist of repetitive, subhorizontal and laterally continuous beds. The layers are predominantly fine-grained as indicated by their ease of aeolian erosion, although a few consolidated layers weather to form rubbly talus. The grain size or composition of the deposited materials fluctuated, producing layering, but the overall properties of the deposits are similar throughout the sequence and are comparable to layered deposits in other crater basins around Hellas. The original depositional geometry, physical and geological characteristics of the layers in Terby and the other basins lead us to favor a lacustrine origin, but a loess-like origin cannot be ruled out. The formation of the layers corresponds to a period when the circum-Hellas region may have been occupied by a lake(s) up to 3.6 km deep. Once the lake in Hellas decreased, the layers in Terby were incised by troughs and a moat-like depression. We attribute this erosion to scour beneath an ice cover due to a lack of integrated fluvial drainage or large aeolian deflation features. The presence of viscous flow features in a crater on Terby’s northwestern rim and lobate features on Terby’s crater floor are also indicative of ice. The lack of depositional features associated with the postulated glacial activity suggests there was a contemporaneous shallow (ice-covered?) lake covering the floor of Terby that transported material into the greater Hellas basin.
Central Role of p53 in the Suntan Response and Pathologic Hyperpigmentation

UV-induced pigmentation (suntanning) requires induction of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) secretion by keratinocytes. alpha-MSH and other bioactive peptides are cleavage products of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Here we provide biochemical and genetic evidence demonstrating that UV induction of POMC/MSH in skin is directly controlled by p53. Whereas p53 potently stimulates the POMC promoter in response to UV, the absence of p53, as in knockout mice, is associated with absence of the UV-tanning response. The same pathway produces beta-endorphin, another POMC derivative, which potentially contributes to sun-seeking behaviors. Furthermore, several instances of UV-independent pathologic pigmentation are shown to involve p53 "mimicking" the tanning response. p53 thus functions as a sensor/effector for UV pigmentation, which is a nearly constant environmental exposure. Moreover, this pathway is activated in numerous conditions of pathologic pigmentation and thus mimics the tanning response.