cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angina in left main coronary artery occlusion by pulmonary artery aneurysm

A 51-year-old woman with exercise angina and a history of pulmonary artery hypertension related to a previous pulmonary thromboembolism, was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and coronary angiography showed a 95-mm aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery, which totally occluded the left main coronary artery. After a multidisciplinary evaluation, we recommended heart-lung transplantation, but the patient refused any kind of surgical procedure. Due to the chronic occlusion, stenting of the left main coronary artery was unfeasible. With no other options available, we could only start pulmonary antihypertensive therapy. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient reported relief of her angina.
Global Health Competencies for Physiotherapist Education in the United States.

Introduction Increasingly global health education is being incorporated into health professions' curricula. Various disciplines have defined global health competencies (GHC) for their areas of professional practice. However, physiotherapist educators have not delineated GHC for physiotherapist education. This study's purpose was to develop GHC for United States (US)-based physiotherapist education. Methods We developed an online survey using 30 GHC from a nursing study and 4 GHC that we developed. We recruited physiotherapists who were clinicians and/or faculty employed in the US, or who had been employed as clinicians and/or faculty in the US within the past 5 years to complete the survey. We examined descriptive data for Likert responses and used content analysis for analysis of open-ended responses. The University of Texas at El Paso Institutional Review Board granted exempt status for the study. Results One hundred eighty-eight participants completed the survey. A majority agreed or strongly agreed that 33 of the total 34 GHC were relevant to physiotherapist education. Four major categories emerged from open-ended responses: beyond entry level, greater relevance to physiotherapy, emphasis on US concerns, and value of understanding international issues and perspectives. Discussion Although most participants agreed with the GHC, open-ended responses indicated the need for revision of the GHC to make them more relevant to entry-level physiotherapist education. We plan to revise the GHC and then validate the modified GHC through a future Delphi study. Study limitations include the limited number of participants and that the lack of an operational definition of ‘global health’ may have created confusion. Implications for physiotherapy practice The study's results may inform physiotherapist educators inside and outside of the US as they contend with determining how to most effectively prepare physiotherapist students for competent practice in a globalized world. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing the advanced tokamak-recent progress at DIII-D

The DIII-D tokamak has made a remarkable series of contributions to the fusion science program. These contributions are due to the continual evolution of the experimental systems led by research results and technological developments. The recent completion of core and edge diagnostics allows comprehensive time-dependent profile data, including plasma current and rotation profiles to be available on each discharge. This data combined with rapid a MHD calculation of the flux surfaces is used to carry out extensive analysis between discharges (10-15 min cycle) and permits a shot-by-shot strategy to optimize research productivity. The control of the plasma internal profiles has emerged as key in developing advanced tokamak discharges. RF power has become a key tool in achieving this control. The DIII-D ECH system is presently being expanded to a capability of six MW level gyrotrons. The radiative divertor configuration has evolved as an effective tool for edge plasma management. The recent commissioning of the upper outer divertor cryopump and baffle along with the existing installation in the lower divertor has allowed understanding of the role of upper and lower divertors, double-null divertors, and the location of the X-point. This fall, installation of an upper inner cryopump and baffle will allow further investigation of the role of pumping of the private flux region of the high triangularity divertor.
Presumed ocular tuberculosis presenting as a branch retinal vein occlusion in the absence of retinal vasculitis or uveitis

A 38-year-old Hispanic man presented with painless decreased vision in his right eye for 7 days. He had had no light perception with his left eye for 7 years, for which he was unable to provide a history. Visual acuity was 20/70 in the right eye (OD) and no light perception in the left eye (OS), with normal pressures in both eyes (OU). Slit-lamp examination showed an unremarkable OD, but disclosed a glaucoma-implant tube in a formed anterior chamber in the left eye, with posterior synechiae of the iris and a white cataract. Ophthalmoscopy of the right eye showed a superotemporal branch retinal vein occlusion with an associated serous retinal detachment involving the macula, without vitreous cell. The optic nerve and the remaining vessels and periphery were unremarkable. There was no view to the fundus in the left eye. Echography of the right eye did not show choroidal thickening, and in the left eye, …
Millimeter-wave antennas on a LTCC cavity

This paper discussed a millimeter-wave dipole antenna on a LTCC board. The dipole is fed with a microstrip line back by a ground patch serving as a reflector. 10dB end-fire antenna gain is obtained. The LTCC board acts as a dielectric cavity enhancing end-fire gain. It is found that antenna placement affected significantly the end-fire gain, which can be explained by radiation discontinuity on the endfire direction. Off-center antenna placement results in beam tilting away from the end-fire, due to two cross-over cavity modes. The best results were found for the case when the dipole is centered and at least 1 wave-guided length from the radiation discontinuity.
Multi-stage methodology to detect health insurance claim fraud

Healthcare costs in the US, as well as in other countries, increase rapidly due to demographic, economic, social, and legal changes. This increase in healthcare costs impacts both government and private health insurance systems. Fraudulent behaviors of healthcare providers and patients have become a serious burden to insurance systems by bringing unnecessary costs. Insurance companies thus develop methods to identify fraud. This paper proposes a new multistage methodology for insurance companies to detect fraud committed by providers and patients. The first three stages aim at detecting abnormalities among providers, services, and claim amounts. Stage four then integrates the information obtained in the previous three stages into an overall risk measure. Subsequently, a decision tree based method in stage five computes risk threshold values. The final decision stating whether the claim is fraudulent is made by comparing the risk value obtained in stage four with the risk threshold value from stage five. The research methodology performs well on real-world insurance data.
Response characteristics of single-cell impedance sensors employed with surface-modified microelectrodes.

Abstract The underlying sensing mechanism of single-cell-based integrated microelectrode array (IMA) biosensors was investigated via experimental and modeling studies. IMA chips were microfabricated and single-cell-level manipulation was achieved through surface chemistry modification of IMA chips. Individual fibroblast cells (NIH3T3) were immobilized on either lysine–arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (KRGD) short peptide-modified or fibronectin extracellular-cell-adhesion-molecule-modified microelectrodes to record the impedance variations of cell–electrode heterostructure over a frequency range of 1–10 kHz. By fitting experimental data to an application-specific single-cell-level equivalent circuit model, important sensing parameters, including specific cell membrane capacity, cell membrane resistivity, and averaged cell-to-substrate separation, were determined. It was demonstrated that biofunctionalization of planar microelectrode surface by covalently linking short peptides or fibronectin molecules could achieve strong or tight cell adhesion (with an estimated averaged cell-to-substrate separation distance of 11–16 nm), which, in turn, improves the transduced electrical signal from IMA chips. Analyses on frequency-dependent characteristics of single-cell-covered microelectrode impedance and of IMA sensor circuitry response have revealed an addressable frequency band wherein electrical properties of single cells can be distinctively determined and monitored for cellular biosensing applications. The presented work addresses some major limitations in single-cell-based biosensing schemes, i.e., the manipulation of a single cell, the transduction of weak biological signals, and the implementation of a proper model for data analysis, and demonstrates the potential of IMA devices as single-cell biosensors.
The Binding of 5α-Pregnane-3,20-dione by Cytosol and Nuclear Preparations of Guinea Pig Uterus

We compared the binding characteristicsof [3H]progesterone and 5α-[3H]pregnanedione in cytosoland nuclear preparations of ovariectomized, estrogen-treated guinea pig uterus. There were similarities aswell as differences in binding behavior. [3H]Progesteroneand 5α-[3H]pregnanedione were bound in cytosolwith approximately the same apparent association constantsand concentrations of binding sites. When centrifugedon sucrose gradients in 5 mM phosphate buffer,binding peaks with sedimentation coefficients of 7Swere found with both. 5α-[3H]Pregnanedione was boundby uterine nuclei and, like [3H]progesterone, requiredtemperature-activated cytosol of estrogen-stimulateduterus. A series of unlabeled steroids had similar relativeabilities to displace both [3H]progesterone and 5α-[3H]pregnanedione from receptor complexes in cytosolor nuclei. When cytosol was incubated with increasing concentrationsof [3H]progesterone or 5α-[3H]pregnanedione,the amount of 5α-[3H]pregnanedione bound exceededthe amount of [3H]progestero...
Gradients in Mn accumulation and changes in plant form for potato plants affected by Mn toxicity.

The time-dependence of Mn accumulation was confirmed in potato foliage (Solanum tuberosum. L.cv. Norland) grown in solution culture. Older leaves grown at 0.61 mM Mn had substantially higher Mn concentrations than younger leaves and stem samples. Levels of Mn in older leaves increased steadily from 4000 µg g−1 at one week to 8–10,000 µg g−1 at 6 weeks, but were relatively constant in the emerging leaves. Even foliage grown at low Mn levels (0.01 mM Mn) had 4 fold gradients in Mn concentration from younger (40 µg g−1) to older leaves (180 µg g−1). At 0.61 mM Mn, concentrations of 3–4000 µg g−1 in the youngest fully-developed leaves did not bring about any decline in yield, and levels of up to 5000 µg g−1 occurred in individual potato leaves before Mn toxicity symptoms were observed. Potato foliage grown at the high Mn had similar leaf numbers, but showed an increased stem length and smaller leaves than foliage grown at 0.01 mM Mn. In particular, the leaf area of the middle and lower leaf fractions were affected by the high Mn level. The ability of rapidly growing plants to withstand high concentrations of Mn is discussed in relation to the pattern of dry matter and Mn accumulation shown by potato foliage.
Heating-oscillating X-ray diffractometer study of selected catalysts

Abstract In many materials used as catalysts, isomorphous substitutions within the lattice, lattice defects, and differences in exchangeable cation composition are significant with regard to the properties of the catalysts. Many of these minor changes in the atomic structure cannot readily be detected by regular X-ray diffraction methods. Heating-oscillating X-ray diffractometry often can give insight into these problems. The heating-oscillating method combines features of differential thermal-analysis with X-ray diffraction wherein a specimen is heated at a controlled rate while oscillating over a diffraction maximum. By this means, the temperature and rate at which structural changes take place can be readily observed. This method has the advantage over conventional X-ray methods in that the changes are observed at the temperature at which they actually take place. That is, the samples are not heated and then cooled to room temperature and the subsequent X-ray diffraction patterns obtained. Often, heating-oscillating is carried out over several of the diffraction maxima, thus resulting in a series of diagrams which when composited represent the diffraction pattern at any temperature within the range studied. Heating-oscillating diffractometer studies have been carried out on a variety of catalysts. It has been found that structural differences can be detected that were not observed from regular X-ray diffraction patterns obtained at room temperature.
Endogenous protein kinase inhibitor levels regulate changes in specific activity of protein kinase in quiescent cells stimulated to proliferate.

Abstract Following serum stimulation of quiescent Chinese hamster ovary cells, changes in the total specific activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase were inversely related to the cellular levels of heat stable inhibitor(s) of this enzyme. During the initial 2 hrs. after stimulation, a rapid 2-fold decrease in the specific activity of protein kinase occurred, together with a 2-fold increase in the intracellular levels of protein kinase inhibitor(s). Similarly while protein kinase activity increased from 3 to 5 hrs, and decreased from 5 to 7 hrs. after stimulation, inhibitor(s) levels declined and then rose. These and other observations discussed below support the hypothesis that the heat stable inhibitor(s) have physiological functions in regulating the total intracellular pools of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Dielectric Anomalies in Rochelle Salt Crystals

Residual charge and fatigue effects for Rochelle salt condenser.---The throw of a ballistic galvanometer connected to a condenser with Rochelle salt crystal as dielectric depends on the time of charging and the time of discharging. It increases to a maximum as the charging time is increased to 2 sec. (for crystal plates.15 cm. thick) and then decreases slowly, reaching for a time of 24 hours a value about half the original. The decrease of the throw for.03 sec. charging, due to fatiguing for 24 hours at 100 volts, was found to be nearly independent of the temperature from -15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to +20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The first increase is probably due to residual charges which are easily displaced to a more or less definite limit and which account for the high dielectric constant in this temperature range. The subsequent decrease is due to a fatigue effect which may be likened to an electrolytic polarization of the internal displacement current. These effects are associated with the water of crystallization, since dessication decreases them while previous soaking in alcohol accelerates them. To explain the limited temperature range of the effects it is supposed that at -20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C there is a loosening of the water ions enough to permit a slight motion of about ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ cm with reference to the Rochelle salt molecules, while at temperatures above +25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C further loosening allows electrolytic conduction to increase greatly.Thermal changes in Rochelle salt.---There is apparently an evolution of heat starting at 24\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and persisting to 54\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C where a very strong absorption of heat takes place.
Influence of electron donor substituents on the luminescence behavior of a 2-aminoazine

Abstract A comparative luminescence study of 5 related 2-aminoazines indicates that there is a dependence of emission polarization and other photophysical parameters upon the extent of charge transfer in the lowest excited singlet and triplet states. The phosphorescence emission polarization is shown to increase from -0.1 to +0.28 for substituents with an increasing tendency toward electron donation, while only minor changes occur in the triplet state energy. An electron donor substituent increases intersystem crossing and the phosphorescence yield, which is accompanied by a decreasing fluorescence yield, and a decreasing phosphorescence lifetime.
Training juvenile probation officers in behavior modification: Knowledge, attitude change, or behavioral competence?

In a Solomon control group design, nine juvenile probation officers received 6 weeks of training in behavior modification, while nine others did not. The trained group did not differe significantly from the control group on paper and pencil measures of knowledge and attitudes. However, the trained group did demonstrate significantly that they could, in fact, do a behavior analysis and construct a behavioral probation plan. Behavioral competence measures are discussed as the most definitive criteria for evaluation of behavior therapy training programs.
Clock distribution using multiple voltages

Clock networks account for a significant fraction of the power dissipation of a chip and are critical to the performance. This paper presents theory and algorithms for building a low power clock tree. Two low power schemes are used: a reduced swing scheme and one using multiple supply voltages. We analyze the issue of tree construction and present conclusions relevant to various technology generations according to the National Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors (NTRS). Our experimental results show that the power could be saved an average of 45% for a 0.25 /spl mu/m technology using multiple supply voltages, and 31% using reduced swing buffers.
Comparison of 16-frame and 8-frame gated SPET imaging for determination of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction

Electrocardiographic (ECG) gated single-photon emission tomography (SPET) allows for simultaneous assessment of myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) function. Presently 8-frame per cardiac cycle ECG gating of SPET images is standard. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 8-frame and 16-frame gated SPET on measurements of LV volumes and to evaluate the effects of the presence of myocardial perfusion defects and of radiotracer dose administered on the calculation of LV volumes. A total of 86 patients underwent technetium-99m SPET myocardial perfusion imaging using 16-frame per cardiac cycle acquisition. Eight-frame gated SPET images were generated by summation of contiguous frames. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF) were calculated from the 16-frame and 8-frame data sets. The patients were divided into groups according to the administered dose of the radiotracer and the size of the perfusion defect. Results. Sixteen frame per cardiac cycle acquisition resulted in significantly larger EDV (122±72 ml vs 115±68 ml, P<0.0001), smaller ESV (64±58.6 ml vs 67.6±59.5 ml, P<0.0001), and higher LVEF (55.3%±18% vs 49%±17.4%, P<0.0001) as compared to 8-frame SPET imaging. This effect was seen regardless of whether a high or a low dose was administered and whether or not significant perfusion defects were present. This study shows that EDV, ESV and LVEF determined by 16-frame gated SPET are significantly different from those determined by 8-frame gated SPET. The radiotracer dose and perfusion defects do not affect estimation of LV parameters by 16-frame gated SPET.
Endothelial chylomicron binding is altered by interaction with high-density lipoprotein in Heymann's nephritis

Abstract Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) catabolism is impaired in the nephrotic syndrome, partly as a result of structural changes that impair endothelial binding in the presence of lipoprotein lipase. Previous results suggested that postsynthetic modification of VLDL by high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in nephrotic syndrome rats causes their failure to bind endothelia normally. It is unknown (1) whether the structure of secreted lipoproteins is normal before exposure to nephrotic syndrome serum and (2) whether the same structural or functional defects are imparted to chylomicrons (CMs) through their interaction with HDL from nephrotic syndrome rats. CMs were isolated from thoracic duct lymph from rats with passive Heymann's nephritis (HN) and normal controls. CMs from control rats were incubated with HDL from either HN or control rats and reisolated, and apolipoprotein E (apo E) content and endothelial binding were determined. We found that CMs secreted by HN and control rats had similar apo E/B-48 ratios. HDL from HN rats had significantly lower apo E/A-I ratios than controls. Incubation of nascent control CMs with control HDL resulted in a 4-fold increase in CM apo E content, but binding was unaffected. Incubation with HDL from HN resulted in only a 50% increase in CM apo E content but reduced binding of these treated CMs by 50% compared either with nascent control CMs or with CMs incubated with control HDL. HDL from rats with HN alters CM binding to lipoprotein lipase by a mechanism that does not involve reducing the content of apo E already present on CMs at the time of secretion. © 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Voyager 2's encounter with Neptune

The results of Voyager 2 observations of Neptune are reviewed. Observations of Neptune's Great Dark Spot, rotation atmosphere, magnetic field, rings, and satellites are discussed. Also, observations of Triton are considered, noting the presence of geyser activity on the satellite. Several photographs of features on both Neptune and Triton are presented.
The Morality of Market Exchange: Love, Money, and Contractual Justice:

Prostitution as a cultural practice describes the line between what must be given as a gift and what may be exchanged as a commodity; an investigation of prostitution can therefore further our understanding of the ideological underpinnings of commodity exchange. This study uses interviews with prostitutes' clients to show how commodity exchange can be understood as being morally superior to gift exchange. The interviewees praise “market exchange” of sex for lacking the ambiguity, status-dependence, and potential hypocrisy that they see in the “gift exchange” of sex characteristic of romantic relationships. This justification of market exchange suggests that theories of the “moral economy” that posit a dichotomy between “premarket” and “market” societies understate the degree to which market societies are, for their participants, also moral economies: they are economies embodying moral beliefs about individual autonomy, democratic equality, and unambiguous and nondiscretionary fulfillment of obligations. C...
Modulation transfer function for the acoustic microscope

A simple method to measure the modulation transfer function of an acoustic microscope is described. Theoretical results are compared with experimental measurements. An explanation of ‘shadowing’ found in acoustic images is given.
Evaluation of Longitudinal Clinical Outcomes and Adherence to Care among HIV-Infected Refugees

Background: HIV-infected refugees resettled in the United States face many challenges. Longitudinal data regarding HIV-specific outcomes in this population are limited. Methods: We reviewed charts of 51 HIV-infected sub-Saharan African refugees matched to 102 nonrefugees. Outcomes analyzed included CD4 counts, viral loads (VLs), antiretroviral treatment (ART) use, appointment adherence, opportunistic infections, and resistance mutations. Results: The ART initiation was similar. Appointment adherence was similar in year 1, but refugees were significantly less adherent beyond year 3. Refugees and nonrefugees spent similar amounts of time in care suppressed (83% vs 80%, P = .93). Refugees had higher odds of viremia following undetectable VL (OR 2.3, P < .05). Discussion: Initially, sub-Saharan African HIV-infected refugees have comparable appointment adherence, ART use, and VL suppression to nonrefugees. Overtime refugees were less adherent to appointments and more likely to have postsuppression viremia. The...
Evidence indicating that the glucagon-induced increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration in hepatocytes is mediated by an increase in cyclic AMP concentration

The mechanism whereby glucagon causes an increase in the concentration of cytoplasmic free Ca2+, [Ca2+]c, in isolated hepatocytes has been investigated. There have been proposals of cyclic-AMP-dependent and cyclic-AMP-independent mechanisms. In this work, the inactivation of pyruvate kinase was used as an indicator of increases in the activity of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, A-kinase. [Ca2+]c was measured using the fluorescent probe indo-1. The decrease in activity of pyruvate kinase caused by an increase in [Ca2+]c alone, i.e. mediated by mechanisms not involving cyclic AMP and exemplified by the effect of vasopressin, was of minimal significance under the conditions of the enzyme assay. Studies of the effects of a wide range of glucagon concentrations indicate that any increase in [Ca2+]c caused by glucagon was always associated with a decrease in pyruvate kinase activity. A similar relationship was obtained if glucagon-receptor occupancy was circumvented by using the 8-bromo-derivative of cyclic AMP to activate the A-kinase. It was also found that the cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine could potentiate the ability of glucagon to increase [Ca2+]c: no such potentiation was observed when vasopressin was used to raise [Ca2+]c. Together these data indicate that an increase in cyclic AMP concentration, sufficiently great to activate A-kinase, is a mechanism that mediates the glucagon-induced increase in [Ca2+]c.
Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of NCO and NH2 in atmospheric pressure flames

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a powerful method for the sensitive detection of trace species in flames, and is permitting new insight into the detailed mechanism of combustion chemistry. However, LIF has been applied almost exclusively to diatomic radicals whereas the chemical networks contain many larger species whose presence can signal definite mechanistic paths. We describe here a comprehensive survey of the LIF spectroscopy of the NCO molecule in a CH4/N2O flame and the NH2 molecule in NH3/N2O and NH3/O2 flames, all burning rich at atmospheric pressure. NCO was excited in the B-X and A-X systems in the ultraviolet and blue, respectively; the latter is much more intense and can be more easily made free of strong interfering transitions due to diatomics. NH2 was excited in the A-≈X transition. Excitation and fluorescence wavelengths furthest to the red minimize background interference due to underlying, unidentified absoption features and flame emission. Prescriptions for detecting these two species are presented, including a table of excitation and detection wavelengths, as well as some general observations on experimental technique which should be useful in extending flame LIF detection to other triatomic and larger radicals.
Toward a theory of intelligence: Contributions from research with retarded children

Abstract One approach to the understanding of intelligence is through research with retarded children and adults. Any characterization of the way(s) in which they differ from nonretarded individuals results in a specification of important components of intelligence. In this paper, we deal with two general areas of research. In one, centering on the role of control processes in memory and problem-solving situations, we argue that research with the retarded has succeeded in identifying a major component of intelligence. The results from a large number of experiments lead us to the conclusion that a hallmark of intelligence is the ability to generalize information from one situation to another, and that this ability in turn depends upon effective “executive control.” In areas where less research with retarded individuals has been doen, we suggest that comparative/developmental work is necessary to gain a better understanding of the processes in question. We illustrate this point by discussing some work aimed at locating individual differences in parameters representing basic components of general information-processing systems.
Repeated administration of MK-801 produces sensitization to its own locomotor stimulant effects but blocks sensitization to amphetamine.

Repeated amphetamine administration produced behavioral sensitization to subsequent amphetamine challenge. The development of sensitization was blocked by coadministration of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist MK-801. Conditioned locomotion, as revealed by saline challenge, was also blocked by MK-801, suggesting that behavioral sensitization and conditioned locomotion may share a requirement for NMDA receptor stimulation. Repeated MK-801 administration produced behavioral sensitization to MK-801 but not amphetamine challenge, suggesting that MK-801 itself produces sensitization through a different mechanism than amphetamine.
Glucose initiates but does not maintain acceleration of deoxyglucose transport.

Abstract Glucose is the initiator of a cellular process which results in an acceleration of deoxyglucose uptake 10–15 min later. This acceleration is maintained for at least 30 min after glucose is removed from the medium and is independent of transcription and translation of mRNA.
Vincristine, bleomycin, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and prednisone in metastatic, hormonally unresponsive prostatic adenocarcinoma☆

Patients with hormonally unresponsive prostatic adenocarcinoma were subjected to a five-drug chemotherapy program using bleomycin, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, vincristine, and prednisone. Analysis of survival curves indicated that deletion of an alkylating agent from this five-drug program reduced survival when patients with equal risk factors were compared. Bleomycin was poorly tolerated by this aged population.
MOPEX: a software package for astronomical image processing and visualization

We present MOPEX - a software package for astronomical image processing and display. The package is a combination of command-line driven image processing software written in C/C++ with a Java-based GUI. The main image processing capabilities include creating mosaic images, image registration, background matching, point source extraction, as well as a number of minor image processing tasks. The combination of the image processing and display capabilities allows for much more intuitive and efficient way of performing image processing. The GUI allows for the control over the image processing and display to be closely intertwined. Parameter setting, validation, and specific processing options are entered by the user through a set of intuitive dialog boxes. Visualization feeds back into further processing by providing a prompt feedback of the processing results. The GUI also allows for further analysis by accessing and displaying data from existing image and catalog servers using a virtual observatory approach. Even though originally designed for the Spitzer Space Telescope mission, a lot of functionalities are of general usefulness and can be used for working with existing astronomical data and for new missions. The software used in the package has undergone intensive testing and benefited greatly from effective software reuse. The visualization part has been used for observation planning for both the Spitzer and Herschel Space Telescopes as part the tool Spot. The visualization capabilities of Spot have been enhanced and integrated with the image processing functionality of the command-line driven MOPEX. The image processing software is used in the Spitzer automated pipeline processing, which has been in operation for nearly 3 years. The image processing capabilities have also been tested in off-line processing by numerous astronomers at various institutions around the world. The package is multi-platform and includes automatic update capabilities. The software package has been developed by a small group of software developers and scientists at the Spitzer Science Center. It is available for distribution at the Spitzer Science Center web page.
Cultural Globalization, Global English, and Geography Journals

In this paper we review the debate on cultural globalization and examine the rise of English as a form of global communication. The implications of these trends for the geographical community are discussed in an analysis of the use of English in geography journals. We note the increasing number of journals published in English, measure the proportion of contributions from non-English-speaking countries in English language journals, and note the language practice of selected journals. We conclude that there has been a trend towards linguistic homogenization and raise the question: what are the implications of a geographical discourse dominated by just one language?
Organization and Regulation of the Qa (Quinic Acid) Genes in Neurospora crassa and Other Fungi

In Neurospora crassa, five structural genes and two regulatory genes control the use of quinic acid as a carbon source. All seven genes are tightly linked to form the qa gene cluster. The entire cluster, which has been cloned and sequenced, occupies a continuous DNA segment of 17.3 kb. Three pairs of genes are divergently transcribed, including the two regulatory genes that are located at one end of the cluster and that encode an activator (qa-1F) and a repressor (qa-1S). Three of the structural genes (qa-2, qa-3, and qa-4) encode inducible enzymes that catalyze the catabolism of quinic acid. One structural gene (qa-y) encodes a quinate permease; the function of the fifth gene (qa-x) is still unclear. Present genetic and molecular evidence indicates that the qa activator and repressor proteins and the inducer quinic acid interact to control expression at the transcriptional level of all the qa genes. The activator, the product of the autoregulated qa-1F gene, binds to symmetrical 16 base pair upstream activating sequences located one or more times 5' to each of the qa genes. A conserved 28 amino acid sequence containing a six cysteine zinc binding motif located in the amino terminal region of the activator has been directly implicated in DNA binding. Evidence for other functional domains in the activator and repressor proteins are discussed. Indirect evidence suggests that the repressor is not a DNA-binding protein but forms an inactive complex with the activator in the absence of the inducer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonlinear waves in collisionless plasmas

Abstract We report results showing that arbitrarily close to any spatially uniform equilibrium of the one-dimensional Vlasov-Maxwell equations for collisionless plasmas there exist exact traveling solitary wave and traveling periodic wave solutions which, by virtue of particle trapping, neither damp nor grow even when their amplitude is arbitrarily small.
Sucrose loading decreases ethylene responsiveness in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus cv. White Sim) petals

Abstract Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. White Sim) flowers were held continuously in a 0, 20, and 50 g l−1 sucrose solution, or for 1 day in a 100 g l−1 sucrose solution, in order to investigate the effect of carbohydrate loading on ethylene responsiveness and ethylene biosynthesis of the petals. All sucrose treatments delayed flower senescence and decreased ethylene responsiveness of the petals. The reduced ethylene production of the petals treated with sucrose, when exposed to ethylene, correlated with decreased in vitro ACC oxidase and ACC synthase activities. Significantly lower levels of the ethylene precursor ACC were observed in sucrose-treated flowers. Northern blot analysis showed that decreased ethylene biosynthesis can, at least in part, be explained by delayed ACC oxidase and ACC synthase mRNA accumulation.
CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTOTYPE LSST CCDs

We present characterization methods and results on a number of new devices produced specifically to address LSST's performance goals, including flatness, QE, PSF, dark current, read noise, CTE, cosmetics, and crosstalk. The results indicate that commercially produced, thick n-channel over-depleted CCDs with excellent red response can achieve tight PSF at moderate applied substrate bias with no evidence of persistent image artifacts. We will also report ongoing studies of mosaic assembly techniques to achieve chip-to-chip co-planarity, high fill factor, and thermal stability.
Quantitative Analysis of Metabolic Processes

A model system for induced enzymes synthesis has been proposed and some mathematical calculations have been carried out. It is not attempted at the present time to compare the kinetics of enzyme formation between experimental and theoretical systems since experimental data in the literature do not duplicate exactly the conditions used for theoretical calculations. For such purpose, specific experiments have to be designed. These would permit to test the validity of the model system or perhaps could help to improve the system. However, it has to be pointed out that general kinetic characteristics of enzyme formation of the model system seem similar to kinetics of enzyme formations in many experimental systems published in the literature.
Associations of Aortic Distensibility and Arterial Elasticity With Long-Term Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

BACKGROUND Although higher visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of blood pressure (BP) is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, the physiological basis for VVV of BP is incompletely understood. METHODS We examined the associations of aortic distensibility (assessed by magnetic resonance imaging) and artery elasticity indices (determined by radial artery pulse contour analysis) with VVV of BP in 2,640 and 4,560 participants, respectively, from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arterial measures were obtained at exam 1. BP readings were taken at exam 1 and at 3 follow-up visits at 18-month intervals (exams 2, 3, and 4). VVV was defined as the SD about each participant's mean systolic BP (SBP) across visits. RESULTS The mean SDs of SBP were inversely associated with aortic distensibility: 7.7, 9.9, 10.9, and 13.2mm Hg for quartiles 4, 3, 2, and 1 of aortic distensibility, respectively (P trend < 0.001). This association remained significant after adjustment for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, mean SBP, and antihypertensive medication use (P trend < 0.01). In a fully adjusted model, lower quartiles of large artery and small artery elasticity (LAE and SAE) indices were also associated with higher mean SD of SBP (P trend = 0.02 for LAE; P trend < 0.001 for SAE). CONCLUSIONS In this multiethnic cohort, functional alterations of central and peripheral arteries were associated with greater long-term VVV of SBP.
Gender Differences in the Use of Message Cues and Judgments

Data from two experiments suggest that the genders differ in how they make judgments. In comparison with men, women appeared to have a lower threshold for elaborating on message cues and thus made ...
Phylogenetic relations among the South American thynnine tiphiid wasps (Hymenoptera)

. Phylogenetic relationships among the South American thynnine tiphiids are analysed, using previously unused characters from the female head, male and female terminalia, mouthparts and thorax. A new tribe, Scotaenini, is proposed to include the South American genera: Scotaena, Anodontyra, Pseudelaphroptera, Parelaphroptera, Glottynoides, Glottynnus, Rostrynnus and Ornepetes. One genus, Aelurus, is the only neotropical representative of the tribe Rhagigasterini. The remaining South American genera belong to the Thynnini. In addition, keys to and a synonymic checklist of the South American genera are included. One specific synonymy (Anodontyra interrupta Duran 1941 with A.tricolor Westwood 1835), and one generic synonymy (Pseudornepetes Duran 1941 with Pseudelaphroptera Ashmead 1903) are proposed. Telephoromyia exsecta Turner is newly transferred to Spilothynnus.
Denotative meaningfulness, connotative directionality, and verbal learning

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of semantic variables on paired-associate learning. The 172 S s were administered an 80-word denotative meaningfulness (vocabulary) test and rated the 80 words on 10 scales of the semantic differential (connotative directionality). From these data, 12 semantically unrelated paired associates were selected: 6 high and 6 low in denotative meaningfulness, with 2 of the 6 being positive, 2 neutral, and 2 negative in connotative directionality. With another sample of S s, an experiment was conducted with a 2 (denotative) by 3 (connotative) by 37 S s design. There were fewer trials in learning the high-denotative than the low-denotative pairs, and fewer trials in learning the positive- and negative- than the neutral-connotative pairs. It was concluded that semantic variables, where applicable, can mediate the degree of verbal learning.
On the size of the 4s orbital of the copper atom

Abstract The Hartree—Fock SCF procedure gives a 4s orbital of Cu which is too extended. The role of various correlation terms in contracting the 4s orbital is examined. It is found that 3d 2 → d' 2 and 3d4s → f'p' excitations cause significant contraction of the 4s orbital, while the 3d 2 → f' 2 excitations actually cause a small expansion of the 4s orbital. The importance of this contraction for the bonding in copper compounds is discussed.
Fluorescent nanocolloids for differential labeling of the endocytic pathway and drug delivery applications

The demonstration of fine control over nanomaterials within biological systems, particularly in live cells, is integral for the successful implementation of nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical applications. Here, we show the ability to differentially label the endocytic pathway of mammalian cells in a spatiotemporal manner utilizing fluorescent nanocolloids (NCs) doped with a perylene-based dye. EDC-based conjugation of green- and red-emitting NCs to the iron transport protein transferrin resulted in stable bioconjugates that were efficiently endocytosed by HEK 293T/17 cells. The staggered delivery of the bioconjugates allowed for the time-resolved, differential labeling of distinct vesicular compartments along the endocytic pathway in a nontoxic manner. We further demonstrated the ability of the NCs to be impregnated with the anticancer therapeutic, doxorubicin. Delivery of the drug-doped nanoconjugates resulted in the intracellular release and nuclear accumulation of doxorubicin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We discuss our results in the context of the utility of such materials for NP-mediated drug delivery applications.
The Bactericidal Action of Human Serum on Hemolytic Streptococci. III. Studies concerning; (1) the Significance of Hydrogen Ion Concentration in Relation to the Streptococcidal Action of Serum; (2) the Effect of Reducing Agents on the Phenomenon.

Aerobic Tests. Changes in pH Which Occurred during Incubation.-(a) The pH of sterile specimens of both normal and patients' sera increased, during 24 hours incubation, from 8.0-8.8 up to 9.2-9.6. (b) The pH of patients' sera, inoculated with hemolytic streptococci, progressed in the alkaline direction as did the sterile specimens. (c) The pH of normal sera, inoculated with hemolytic streptococci, pursued a variable course at lower levels than the sterile specimens. The differences in the changes in pH which occurred in streptococcidal sera and in normal controls were dependent upon and secondary to the presence or absence of killing action in the specimens. Aerobic Tests. Effect of Different Levels of Hydrogen Ion Concentration, Adjusted at Beginning of Experiment, but Uncontrolled during Period of Incubation.-(a) The streptococcidal activity of patients' sera was inactivated when the hydrogen ion concentration of the specimens was adjusted to levels ranging from 6.4 to 7.4. The inactivation of highly potent samples of sera required a greater reduction in pH than did specimens of moderate killing activity. (b) Normal sera, adjusted to pH 9.2 or higher, exhibited a relatively slowly acting bactericidal process, which seemed to represent the toxic effect of alkalinity. Aerobic Tests. Effect of Glutathione and Sodium Ascorbate.-The streptococcidal action of patients' sera was markedly impaired by the addition of reducing agents. The inactivation was, in general, comparable to that previously obtained under conditions of anaerobiosis. The results, suggesting that some factor pertaining to biological oxidation-reduction may influence the streptococcidal action of sera, have been discussed. Tests Performed in Closed Jars by Means of Which Relatively Constant pH Was Maintained during the Period of Incubation.-Under the experimental conditions which were employed, the effectiveness of the streptococcidal action of patients' sera was maintained only in alkaline ranges. The most potent specimens of sera were active at lower levels of pH (7.9-8.2) than were other samples (8.4-8.8). All of the observations reported in this article were made with a strain of hemolytic streptococcus of the beta type, which is highly sensitive to the destructive action of serum from acutely ill patients.
Preflight cross-calibration radiometer for EOS AM-1 platform visible and near-IR sources

A cross-calibration radiometer covering the 400 to 900 nm range with a silicon `trap' detector has been designed and built. The radiometer was designed for comparing the output of preflight radiometric calibration sources for the MODIS and ASTER EOS sensors. These sources will be large aperture spherical-integrating sources with tungsten-halogen-bulb internal illumination. The two spheres will be calibrated using standards from NIST and NRLM. The radiometer is intended to compare the output of the spheres at seven wavelengths corresponding to MODIS bands, some of which overlap ASTER bands. The wavelength selection is by highly blocked nominal 10 - 15 nm wide interference filters. The radiometer detectors, apertures, and filters are held at a controlled temperature slightly above ambient. The design and calibration of the radiometer are described.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Four Stations en Route to a Parabolic Homiletic

To preach the LORD's word is to administer God's relief for this world's cardiac sclerosis with the shock of healing grace.
Molecular evidence supporting the neoplastic nature of odontogenic keratocyst: a laser capture microdissection study of 15 cases

Aims: The bland histology of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) belies its capacity for aggressive behaviour. Genetic alterations of OKC have not been well studied. We examined the frequency and pattern of allelic imbalance on five different chromosome regions from 15 patients with OKC. Methods and results: Laser-assisted microdissection was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of extracted DNA targeted five polymorphic DNA markers (D3S1285, D9S161, D11S1316, D13S290, and TP53) representing chromosome regions 3p14, 9p21, 11q23, 13q12.1 and 17p13, respectively. All 15 cases of OKC were informative at a minimum of three of five loci, with 11 informative on all five loci. Twelve of 15 cases (80%) demonstrated loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Seven cases (47%) showed LOH at more than two DNA loci. The frequency of LOH was 5 ⁄ 11 (45%) at D3S1285, 3 ⁄ 15 (20%) at D9S161, 4 ⁄ 14 (29%) at D11S1316, 8 ⁄ 14 (57%) at D13S290 and 3 ⁄ 15 (20%) at TP53. Conclusions: The majority of OKCs harbour chromosomal abnormalities. This finding supports the supposition that OKCs are neoplastic. Furthermore, OKCs harbour allelic loss at some of the same loci identified in squamous cell carcinoma. This may aid in explaining the rare occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma arising in OKC.