cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deep neural networks ensemble for detecting medication mentions in tweets.

Objective Twitter posts are now recognized as an important source of patient-generated data, providing unique insights into population health. A fundamental step toward incorporating Twitter data in pharmacoepidemiologic research is to automatically recognize medication mentions in tweets. Given that lexical searches for medication names suffer from low recall due to misspellings or ambiguity with common words, we propose a more advanced method to recognize them. Materials and methods We present Kusuri, an Ensemble Learning classifier able to identify tweets mentioning drug products and dietary supplements. Kusuri (, "medication" in Japanese) is composed of 2 modules: first, 4 different classifiers (lexicon based, spelling variant based, pattern based, and a weakly trained neural network) are applied in parallel to discover tweets potentially containing medication names; second, an ensemble of deep neural networks encoding morphological, semantic, and long-range dependencies of important words in the tweets makes the final decision. Results On a class-balanced (50-50) corpus of 15 005 tweets, Kusuri demonstrated performances close to human annotators with an F1 score of 93.7%, the best score achieved thus far on this corpus. On a corpus made of all tweets posted by 112 Twitter users (98 959 tweets, with only 0.26% mentioning medications), Kusuri obtained an F1 score of 78.8%. To the best of our knowledge, Kusuri is the first system to achieve this score on such an extremely imbalanced dataset. Conclusions The system identifies tweets mentioning drug names with performance high enough to ensure its usefulness, and is ready to be integrated in pharmacovigilance, toxicovigilance, or more generally, public health pipelines that depend on medication name mentions.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: comorbidities and atopic disease in Nevada

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a rare, immune-mediated illness. We aimed to examine the comorbidities and sensitization patterns associated with an EoE diagnosis in Nevada. The study goal was two-fold: to determine the most common EoE comorbidities and sequela in the state of Nevada using healthcare utilization records across all settings and to determine the most common food and aeroallergens in histologically positive EoE pediatric patients using clinical sensitization data. Esophageal obstruction/stricture was the most frequently reported diagnosis in adults with EoE (29.5%). Among pediatrics, the highest ranking comorbidities included asthma (13.4%); diseases of the stomach, duodenum, and intestine (7.26%); allergies (7.01%); and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (3.69%). Additionally, the top sensitizations reported in histologically positive EoE patients were largely pollen related (82.9%). Atopic disease and specifically food allergens are commonly reported as comorbid conditions with EoE in the literature. However, our clinical pediatric data set from this study revealed that aeroallergen sensitizations far exceeded that of food allergens (82.9% aero-positive vs. 17.1% dood positive). The high presence of esophageal stricture/obstruction in adults could be indicative of late diagnosis; in addition, the aeroallergen sensitization in children could suggest different clinical management techniques necessary may be needed for this disease. Education among healthcare providers regarding the presence of aeroallergen sensitization in this population may result in earlier diagnoses and help reduce morbidity and the cost from this disease.
Three new species and new records of Stenichnodes Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae).

Three new species of Stenichnodes Franz are described, all placed in the nominotypical subgenus, and occurring in Ivory Coast: S. cordicollis sp. n., S. spinosus sp. n., and S. bouakensis sp. n. Stenichnodes (s. str.) error Jaloszynski is recorded from a second locality in Kenya, and S. (Parastenichnaphes) ceylonensis (Franz), previously known to occur in Sri Lanka, is recorded from Tamil Nadu, India. Two of the newly described species are unusual in having the aedeagi with parameres; diagnostic value of this character, and the presence or absence of metaventral carinae, are discussed.
Alex Berrio Matamoros. Information Literacy for Today’s Diverse Students: Differentiated Instructional Techniques for Academic Libraries . Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited, 2018. 159p. Paper. $75.00 (ISBN 987-1-4408-6207-6). LC 2018031624.

Alex Berrio Matamoros seeks to help academic instruction librarians accommodate their students’ different learning styles and cultures “by introducing them to a differentiated instruction teaching approach, explaining the approach and its benefits for students” (2). In addition, he aims to provide advice to librarians regarding strategies for implementing differentiated instruction for both information literacy courses and one-shot sessions. Matamoros is Manager of Knowledge Management at an international law firm. He was also an associate law library professor and emerging technologies librarian at the City University of New York School of Law. The author effectively describes differentiated instruction and suggests practical advice on how to introduce the approach within the context of teaching information literacy; however, some of the theory presented to justify the use of differentiated instruction is disputed.
A Unique Presentation of an Ectopic Pregnancy After Appendectomy.

Ectopic pregnancies account for the majority of deaths in early pregnancy. A 27-year-old woman with unexplained infertility and a history of an appendectomy was referred to the reproductive endocrinology clinic. She was initially diagnosed with a pregnancy of unknown location and was later found to have an ectopic pregnancy. Final pathology found a surgical staple likely present from a previous appendectomy within the fallopian tube proximal to the ectopic site. The surgical staple is postulated to have entered the tube through ciliary action and caused the ectopic pregnancy. This rare case highlights physicians' need to carefully monitor and remove visible loose staples after using automated stapling devices.
Spectroscopic observations of the candidate sgB[e]/X-ray binary CI Cam

We present a compilation of spectroscopic observations of the sgB[e] star CI Cam, the optical counterpart of XTE J0421+560. This includes data from before, during, and after its 1998 outburst, with quantitative results spanning 37 years. The object shows a rich emission line spectrum originating from circumstellar material, rendering it difficult to determine the nature of either star involved or the cause of the outburst. We collate all available pre-outburst data to determine the state of the system before this occurred and provide a baseline for comparison with outburst and post-outburst data. During the outburst all lines become stronger, and hydrogen and helium lines become significantly broader and asymmetric. After the outburst, spectral changes persist for at least three years, with FeII and [N II] lines still a factor of ~ 2 above the pre-outburst level and He I, HeII, and N II lines suppressed by a factor of 2–10. We find that the spectral properties of CI Cam are similar to other sgB[e] stars and therefore suggest that the geometry of the circumstellar material is similar to that proposed for the other objects: a two component outflow, with a fast, hot, rarefied polar wind indistinguishable from that of a normal supergiant and a dense, cooler equatorial outflow with a much lower velocity. Based on a comparison of the properties of CI Cam with the other sgB[e] stars we suggest that CI Cam is among the hotter members of the class and is viewed nearly pole-on. The nature of the compact object and the mechanism for the outburst remain uncertain, although it is likely that the compact object is a black hole or neutron star, and that the outburst was precipitated by its passage through the equatorial material. We suggest that this prompted a burst of supercritical accretion resulting in ejection of much of the material, which was later seen as an expanding radio remnant. The enhanced outburst emission most likely originated either directly from this supercritical accretion, or from the interaction of the expanding remnant with the equatorial material, or from a combination of both mechanisms.
What Does It Mean to Be Mexican (American)? Exploring Youth Ethnic Identity:

Children’s racial (e.g., Black, White, Indigenous) and ethnic (e.g., Mexican) identity can influence psychological, social, and academic outcomes. Despite evidence that awareness of racial–ethnic m...
Revisiting Congressional Delegation as the Foundation for Chevron

In this Essay, I first revisit my original critique of the Supreme Court’s justification for the Chevron doctrine – that the doctrine is justified by implicit delegation of interpretive authority to an agency when Congress authorizes and agency to implement a statute via actions with the force of law. The Essay explicitly respond to the arguments supporting that justification that were published after my prior work on Chevron. Although I think that these arguments muddy the waters regarding congressional delegation by providing evidence that there are at least some cases in which Congress purposely means to grant agencies interpretive primacy, I conclude that this is still unlikely to be true with respect to most statutory ambiguities, and hence that in most cases such delegation is still a fiction. I then proceed to consider how the rejection of congressional intent to delegate interpretive primacy to agencies bears on the judicial developments in the application of Chevron that post-date my prior work.
Motor Cortical Representation of Speed and Direction During Reaching

The motor cortical substrate associated with reaching was studied as monkeys moved their hands from a central position to one of eight targets spaced around a circle. Single-cell activity patterns ...
Anomalous coverage behavior of the CsAg distance on CsAg(110)

Abstract The position of Cs on the (1 × 2) missing row reconstructed Ag(110) surface was determined by X-ray diffraction for two different Cs-coverages: θ Cs = 0.2 and θ Cs = 0.3. The Cs was found to be adsorbed in incommensurate chains in the troughs of the missing row with an average adsorption height of 1.7 A ( θ Cs = 0.2) and 1.4 A ( θ Cs = 0.3) above the topmost Ag layer. The apparent contradiction to the classical picture of alkali adsorption, which expects an increase of the Cs adsorption height with coverage, might be partly resolved by introducing a fraction of commensurately adsorbed Cs at θ Cs = 0.2.
A Review of “Starstruck: The Business of Celebrity”

Reading Starstruck calls to mind Federico Fellini's classic film La Dolce Vita, a satirical critique of media-driven celebrity culture that Fellini is said to have described as “a journey through t...
Medicare Part B Intensity and Volume Offset

Summary Under Medicare Part B, adjustments to the fee schedule are made under the assumption that physicians and hospitals make up for fee reductions through increased service provision called ‘volume offsetting’. While historically, researchers have found evidence of volume offsetting, more recent studies have called into question its magnitude and existence. This study is the first to propose and empirically evaluate an alternative hypothesis of offsetting, namely the alteration of billed or provided services as a means of ‘intensity offsetting’. Evaluating both forms of offsetting, it finds strong evidence of intensity offsetting and little to no evidence of volume offsetting. Simulating a 10% reduction in the Medicare fee schedule, this study estimates that across different procedures between 22% and 59% of a fee reduction will be offset through alterations in service intensity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural requirements of iodothyronines for the rapid inactivation and internalization of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase in glial cells.

Abstract 3,3'5,5'-Tetraiodothyronine (T4), but not 3,3'5-triiodothyronine (T3), acutely regulates the activity of the plasma membrane-bound enzyme, type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase (5'D-II), by inducing internalization of the enzyme through an extranuclear, energy-dependent mechanism that requires an intact actin cytoskeleton. The affinity label, N-bromoacetyl-L-T4, binds to 5'D-II and irreversibly inhibits the enzyme but does not initiate internalization. To determine the structural elements of T4 which are required for enzyme internalization, T4 analogs were modified in the alanine side chain and were then evaluated for their ability to induce enzyme internalization, to inhibit enzyme activity, and to promote actin polymerization in hypothyroid cells. The analogs studied showed marked variability in their ability to inactivate 5'D-II. The rank order of potency for enzyme inactivation was T4 > COOH-blocked analogs > NH3 and COOH blocked analogs > NH3 blocked analogs (EC50 values range from 1 to > 1000 nM). In contrast, all T4 analogs tested and T4 were excellent competitive inhibitors of 5'D-II with respect to substrate (Ki values ranged from 4 to 27 nM). The differential capability of iodothyronines to inactivate the enzyme was not related to their ability to enter the cell, since Ki values measured in intact glial cells were equivalent to those measured in cell sonicates. The power of the T4 analogs to inactivate 5'D-II was paralleled by their ability to polymerize actin in hypothyroid cells and to induce 5'D-II binding to F-actin. The data show that modification of the alanine side chain markedly alters the ability of T4 analogs to induce 5'D-II inactivation and actin polymerization. A net negative charge on the alanine side chain of T4 is detrimental for the hormone-dependent inactivation of 5'D-II and polymerization of actin, whereas uncharged or positively charged molecules retain significant activity.
A Review of Empirical Studies Assessing Ethical Decision Making in Business

This article summarizes the multitude of empirical studies that test ethical decision making in business and suggests additional research necessary to further theory in this area. The studies are categorized and related to current theoretical ethical decision making models. The studies are related to awareness, individual and organizational factors, intent, and the role of moral intensity in ethical decision making. Summary tables provide a quick reference for the sample, findings, and publication outlet. This review provides insights for understanding organizational ethical decision constructs, where ethical decision making theory currently stands, and provides insights for future empirical work on organizational ethical decision making.
The effect of bilingualism and age on inhibitory control

Bilingualism may provide an advantage to older adults on inhibitory control tasks. This study examined the effects of bilingualism (balanced and non-balanced) on inhibitory control using simple and complex Simon tasks with samples of younger and older Spanish—English bilinguals (N = 125) and English monolinguals (N = 108). Results revealed a bilingual advantage on the simple task but not on the complex Simon task. Results suggest that bilingualism increases skills that are associated with selective attention when working memory demands are low.
IAIMS and sharing

Abstract The Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) concept is about sharing resources and information, and about improving the decision-making ability of health care professionals by integrating information. At Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, the IAIMS project has established an information architecture based on common, shared computing and networking resources. The institutional computing culture has been changed with increased sharing of information and, consequently, improved quality of information. Several classes of information in the areas of clinical, scholarly, administrative, basic research, and core resources have been identified for better understanding of information responsibility. Technical problems such as heterogeneity on workstation platforms and lack of universal syntactic and semantic standards for health care information exchange still impede interinstitutional sharing of information.
Estimator and signal-to-noise ratio for an integrative synthetic aperture imaging technique

An imaging system is described which uses the following concepts: laser illumination of objects, nonredundant apertures, and phase closure. A sparse transmitter array is envisioned, each aperture of which emits at a different laser frequency such that any pair of beams gives rise to a unique beat signal. The light reflected by an object thus irradiated is sensed by a spatially integrating detector array. An estimator is given for the Fourier components of the object at spatial frequencies corresponding to the unique temporal beats sensed by the receiver array. The standard deviation of the estimator is computed taking both shot noise and laser speckle into account. It is found that the signal-to-noise ratio for both kinds of noise increases with the square root of the area of the detector array. This allows the signal-to-noise ratio of the system to be increased independent of the resolution.
Method of identifying dynamic multileaf collimator irradiation that is highly sensitive to a systematic MLC calibration error

In intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), radiation is delivered in a multiple of multileaf collimator (MLC) subfields. A subfield with a small leaf-to-leaf opening is highly sensitive to a leaf-positional error. We introduce a method of identifying and rejecting IMRT plans that are highly sensitive to a systematic MLC gap error (sensitivity to possible random leaf-positional errors is not addressed here). There are two sources of a systematic MLC gap error: centerline mechanical offset (CMO) and, in the case of a rounded end MLC, radiation field offset (RFO). In IMRT planning system, using an incorrect value of RFO introduces a systematic error ARFO that results in all leaf-to-leaf gaps that are either too large or too small by (2*DeltaRFO), whereas assuming that CMO is zero introduces systematic error DeltaCMO that results in all gaps that are too large by DeltaCMO=CMO. We introduce a concept of the average leaf pair Opening (ALPO) that can be calculated from a dynamic MLC delivery file. We derive an analytic formula for a fractional average fluence error resulting from a systematic gap error of Deltax and show that it is inversely proportional to ALPO; explicitly it is equal to Deltax/(ALPO+ 2 * RFO+ epsilon), in which epsilon is generally of the order of 1 mm and Deltax =2 * Delta RFO + CMO. This analytic relationship is verified with independent numerical calculations.
Interrater Reliability of the Devereux Behavior Rating Scale-School Form: the Influence of Teacher Frame of Reference

Low interrater reliability coefficients are a common problem for behavior rating scales. One hypothesis to account for this is that raters have different frames of reference from which to judge beh...
The structure of cometary ionospheres 2. CO-rich comets

The structure of the ionosphere of a CO-rich comet is computed using two different models. The first one, the photochemical model, assumes that the dissociation and ionization of cometary neutrals and ions are due to photoionization, and photodissociation by solar UV radiation together with dissociative recombinations and ion-neutral reactions. The second one, the internal source model, also incorporates the ionization and dissociation effects of an electric current discharging through the inner coma. The generation of this current has been discussed in earlier papers. It is concluded that the internal source model can explain qualitatively the basic morphology of the ionospheres of CO-rich comets such as Humason (1962, VIII) and Morehouse (1908, III), whereas the photochemical model cannot. The main aim of this paper is not so much to provide accurate numerical estimates as to draw attention to a process which may very well dominate the structures of cometary ionospheres.
Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis after transplantation: a network meta-analysis.

Background Graft-versus-host Disease (GvHD) prophylaxis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is an ongoing effort but relative effects of different policies are not systematically explored.
Determination of ion populations and solvent content as functions of redox state and pH in polyaniline

The piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is used to investigate the ion populations and solvent content of thin films of polyaniline (PA) on electrode surfaces as functions of redox state and pH. The data are shown to be consistent with a model for PA in which the initial oxidation at a potential of ca. 0.2 V vs. SCE to give the conductive form of the polymer creates charged sites by oxidation of amine moieties along the polymer chains. Higher potentials cause further (pH dependent) oxidation with cumulative removal of exactly one electron per ring to produce a polymer containing imine groups which can hydrolyze to form quinone and quinone/imine types of structures. The initial oxidation process is accompanied by proton expulsion at low pH values, indicating partial protonation of the PA amine nitrogens in the reduced form with loss of these protons on oxidation. In addition to the proton expulsion, anion insertion also takes place during oxidation under all conditions that were studied. Data from such measurements as a function of pH allow estimation of the pK/sub a/ values of the reduced (insulating) and oxidized (conducting) forms of PA, which are given as ca. -0.3 and 3. respectively. Experiments inmore » strong (10 M) acid solutions reveal changes in solvent content during oxidation which are observed to influence the electrochemical response of PA. The ability to measure both electrochemical and gravimetric data simultaneously is shown to greatly constrain possible models for systems such as PA, leading to less ambiguity in their description.« less
Earth Politics: Religion, Decolonization, and Bolivia's Indigenous Intellectuals

In this fascinating book, Aymara Bolivian historian Waskar Ari draws on a highly original collection of oral and written sources to document the lives, struggles and legacies of four indigenous act...
Why change is needed in research examining dietary supplements.

1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; 2Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; 3Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. Correspondence: C Tsourounis (tsourounisc@pharmacy.ucsf.edu)
Tumor-penetrating acetalated dextran nanoparticles capable of tandem delivery of agents for the treatment of lung cancer

The overall survival rate for patients with lung cancer is still low and many affected patients are not eligible for the first-line treatments (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to severe side effects. Paclitaxel (PTX) and cisplatin (CDDP) are two of the most commonly utilized drugs in the treatment of NSCLC. These drugs will be encapsulated in tumor-penetrating polymeric nanoparticles (NP) for application in the treatment of lung cancer. Due to the limitations in the NP system itself where particles are often unable to penetrate into the tumor parenchyma to deliver its dose of drug, little has been seen in terms of an increase in clinical outcome for cancer patients treated with nanoparticles although the significant effort that has gone into the study of chemotherapeutic-loaded nanoparticles. Therefore, there is an imperative need for the development of system capable of tumor penetration. Our aim is to develop and optimize peptide-conjugated polymer nanoparticles which can deliver tandem anticancer agents capable of enhancing the targeting and treatment of NSCLC. Acetalated dextran (Ac-Dex) will be used to encapsulate both PTX and CDDP in NPs which in turn will be conjugated with the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD. This multifunctional particle will not only release PTX and CDDP in tandem, but will be capable of tumor penetration through a mechanism imparted by the peptide. The parameters of the emulsion-based NP system (size, shape, drug loading, peptide-conjugation, cytotoxicity, penetration into NSCLC tumor spheroids, etc.) have been optimized to ensure effective targeting and delivery.
The Signal Transducer STAT5 Inhibits Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Development by Suppressing Transcription Factor IRF8

Summary The development of distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets is regulated by cytokines. The ligand for the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (Flt3L) is necessary for plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and conventional DC (cDC) maturation. The cytokine GM-CSF inhibits Flt3L-driven pDC production while promoting cDC growth. We show that GM-CSF selectively utilized its signal transducer STAT5 to block Flt3L-dependent pDC development from the lineage-negative, Flt3 + (lin − Flt3 + ) bone-marrow subset. The signaling molecule STAT3, by contrast, was necessary for expansion of DC progenitors but not pDC maturation. In vivo, STAT5 suppressed pDC formation during repopulation of the DC compartment after bone-marrow ablation. GM-CSF-dependent STAT5 signaling rapidly extinguished pDC-related gene expression in lin − Flt3 + progenitors. Inspection of the Irf8 promoter revealed that STAT5 was recruited during GM-CSF-mediated suppression, indicating that STAT5 directly inhibited transcription of this critical pDC gene. Our results therefore show that GM-CSF controls the production of pDCs by employing STAT5 to suppress IRF8 and the pDC transcriptional network in lin − Flt3 + progenitors.
Shape resonances of the A1Π state of CH

Abstract Potential curves for the CH + X 1 Σ + and A 1 Π states are constructed using the best experimental and theoretical information. The A 1 Π curve is used to calculate the locations and widths of rotationally quasi-bound levels. Oscillator strengths from v'' = 0 of the X state to the shape resonances are also calculated. The results are in good agreement with experiment.
Negative ion-atmospheric pressure photoionization: Electron capture, dissociative electron capture, proton transfer, and anion attachment

To better guide the development of liquid chromatography/electron capture-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (LC/EC-APPI-MS) in analysis of low polarity compounds, the ionization mechanism of 19 compounds was studied using dopant assisted negative ion-APPI. Four ionization mechanisms, i.e., EC, dissociative EC, proton transfer, and anion attachment, were identified as being responsible for the ionization of the studied compounds. The mechanisms were found to sometimes compete with each other, resulting in multiple ionization products from the same molecule. However, dissociative EC and proton transfer could also combine to generate the same [M−H]− ions. Experimental evidence suggests that O2−·, which was directly observed in the APPI source, plays a key role in the formation of [M−H]− ions by way of proton transfer. Introduction of anions more basic than O2−·, i.e., C6H5CH2−, into the APPI source, via addition of di-tert-butyl peroxide in the solvent and/or dopant, i.e., toluene, enhanced the deprotonation ability of negative ion-APPI. Although the use of halogenated solvents could hinder efficient EC, dissociative EC, and proton transfer of negative ion-APPI due to their EC ability, the subsequently generated halide anions promoted halide attachment to compounds that otherwise could not be efficiently ionized. With the four available ionization mechanisms, it becomes obvious that negative ion-APPI is capable of ionizing a wider range of compounds than negative ion chemical ionization (NICI), negative ion-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (negative ion-APCI) or negative ion-electrospray ionization (negative ion-ESI).
HIV infection and surgeons

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which remains uniformly fatal in affected individuals. A common route of HIV transmission is via inoculation of contaminated blood, which may occur during surgical procedures. Surgeons may estimate their risk of HIV infection over a 30-year surgical career based on HIV prevalence among surgical patients, percutaneous injury rate per operation, and seroconversion rate. Surgeons can reduce their risk by various means, but the most pragmatic is by reducing the rate of percutaneous injury through optimal surgical technique and proper precautions.
Comparison of the muscle activation pattern for the vastus lateralis before and after an 8-week resistance training program

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to use wavelet analyses and pattern classification techniques to examine potential changes in the joint time–frequency distribution of surface electromyographic (EMG) signals due to an 8-week resistance training program. Thirteen untrained men (mean ± S.D. age = 22.2 ± 4.0 yrs) performed eight separate submaximal isometric muscle actions of the dominant leg extensors in 10% increments from 10 to 80% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). During each muscle action, a monopolar surface EMG signal was detected from the vastus lateralis. All signals were then analyzed with a wavelet analysis designed specifically for EMG signals, and the resulting intensity patterns were classified using pattern classification techniques into their respective pre-training versus post-training categories. The results showed accuracy rates (% of correctly classified patterns) that ranged from approximately 62 to 92%, but these rates did not change consistently with increases in force. In addition, for five of the eight submaximal force levels, the classification was considered to be significantly different from random. Thus, although the differences between the pre- and post-training EMG intensity patterns were not always consistent, our findings did suggest that there is the potential for wavelet analyses and pattern classification techniques to be used to examine neuromuscular adaptations during resistance training.
Review of the fracture mechanics approach to creep crack growth in structural alloys

Abstract The application of the fracture mechanics approach to time-dependent high temperature crack growth has been reviewed. Available data on several structural alloys indicate that depending on the environmental sensitivity and creep ductility of the material, creep crack growth can be characterized by either linear elastic parameter, K , non-linear elastic-plastic parameter, J ∗ - integral , or reference stress, σ ref . In particular for materials that are significantly sensitive to environment, K can adequately characterize the growth rate, and for materials that are significantly creep ductile, σ ref can be used to predict creep life of a cracked body. Finally, for materials that are relatively ductile and wherein crack growth occurs predominantly by a deformation process, J ∗ integral appears to be the characterizing parameter for the growth rate. Data for several materials indicate that under steady state crack growth conditions, there may be a unique growth rate- J ∗ relation independent of temperature and material. This would have a profound impact in terms of the utility of fracture mechanics approach to predict creep crack growth rate and needs to be examined further. Conditions under which K, J ∗ or σ ref is applicable are discussed in detail.
Pathogenesis of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei.

ABSTRACTBurkholderia pseudomallei and mallei are biological agents of military significance. There has been significant research in recent years to develop medical countermeasures for these organisms. This review summarizes work which details aspects of the pathogenesis of B. psuedomallei and mallei and discusses key scientific questions and directions for future research.
The excited states of the odd nucleus La140 populated by the beta decay of Ba140

Abstract Coincidence measurements between γ-rays and conversion electrons and between β-rays and conversion electrons verify the existence of the 43 keV and 580 keV levels in the odd nucleus La140. By delayed coincidence techniques the mean lifetime of the 43 keV level has been determined as τ=(7.5±2) × 10−10 sec and the upper limits for the mean lifetime of the levels 466, 162 and 29.6 keV were found to be τ ≦ 1.1 × 10−11 sec, τ ≦ 1.5 × 10−11 sec and τ ≦ 6 × 10−10 sec respectively. The γ-γ angular correlation of the 304-162 keV cascade yielded the result: W (θ)=1+(0.055±0.01)P2(cos θ)−(0.009±0.015)P4(cos θ). The 29.6, 13.3, 132 and 162 keV transitions were found to have M1 multipolarities with very low limits for E2 admixture. The present results are consistent with the spin assignments of 3−, 2−, 1−, 2−, 1− and (0−) for the ground state, 29.6, 43, 162, 466 and 580 keV levels, respectively. Comparison has been made between the observed transition probabilities and those derived from shell model calculations in terms of coupling between the odd neutron and odd proton.
Selective inhibition of class I but not class IIb histone deacetylases exerts cardiac protection from ischemia reperfusion

article i nfo While inhibition of class I/IIb histone deacetylases (HDACs) protects the mammalian heart from ischemia reper- fusion (IR) injury, class selective effects remain unexamined. We hypothesized that selective inhibition of class I HDACs would preserve left ventricular contractile function following IR in isolated hearts. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 6 pergroup) wereinjected with vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide, 0.63 mg/kg), the class I/IIb HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (1 mg/kg), the class I HDAC inhibitor entinostat (MS-275, 10 mg/kg), or the HDAC6 (class IIb) in- hibitor tubastatin A (10 mg/kg). After 24 h, hearts were isolated and perfused in Langendorff mode for 30 min (Sham) or subjected to 30 min global ischemia and 120 min global reperfusion (IR). A saline filled balloon attached to a pressure transducer was placed in the LV to monitor contractile function. After perfusion, LV tissue was collected for measurements of antioxidant protein levels and infarct area. At the conclusion of IR, MS-275 pretreatment was associated with significant preservation of developed pressure, rate of pressure generation, rateofpressurerelaxationandratepressureproduct,ascomparedtovehicletreatedhearts.There wassignificant reduction of infarct area with MS-275 pretreatment. Contractile function was not significantly restored in hearts treated with trichostatinA or tubastatinA. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase(SOD2) and catalase protein and mRNA in hearts from animals pretreated with MS-275 were increased following IR, as compared to Sham. This was associated with a dramatic enrichment of nuclear FOXO3a transcription factor, which mediates the expres- sion of SOD2 and catalase. Tubastatin A treatment was associated with significantly decreased catalase levels afterIR. Class I HDAC inhibition elicits protection of contractile function following IR, which isassociated with in- creased expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Class I/IIb HDAC inhibition with trichostatin A or selec- tive inhibition of HDAC6 with tubastatin A was not protective. This study highlights the need for the development of new strategies that target specific HDAC isoforms in cardiac ischemia reperfusion.
Perturbations in the Kerr-Newman dilatonic black hole background: Maxwell waves

In this paper we analyze the perturbations of the Kerr-Newman dilatonic black hole background. For this purpose we perfom a double expansion in both the background electric charge and the wave parameters of the relevant quantities in the Newman-Penrose formalism. We then display the gravitational, dilatonic, and electromagnetic equations, which reproduce the static solution (at zero order in the wave parameter) and the corresponding wave equations in the Kerr background (at first order in the wave parameter and zero order in the electric charge). At higher orders in the electric charge one encounters corrections to the propagation of waves induced by the presence of a nonvanishing dilaton. An explicit computation is carried out for the electromagnetic waves up to the asymptotic form of the Maxwell field perturbations produced by the interaction with dilatonic waves. A simple physical model is proposed which could make these perturbations relevant in the detection of radiation coming from the region of space near a black hole.
Deoxyadenosine toxicity and cell cycle arrest in hydroxyurea-resistant S49 T-lymphoma cells

Hydroxyurea-resistant S49 T-lymphoma cells have increased ribonucleotide reductase activity and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools when compared with wild-type cultures. If ribonucleotide reductase inhibition is the mechanism by which deoxyadenosine is cytotoxic, then hydroxyurea (HU)-resistant S49 cells might be more resistant to deoxyadenosine toxicity when adenosine deaminase is inhibited than wild-type cells. Five S49 cell lines resistant to varying concentrations of HU were compared with wild-type cells by measuring CDP reductase activity, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools, and deoxyadenosine toxicity. All five cell lines resistant to increasing concentrations of HU exhibited a twofold increase in resistance to deoxyadenosine toxicity when compared to wild type, and the resistance was proportional to the twofold increased pools of dNTPs in these cell lines but was less than the six- to eight fold increase in ribonucleotide reductase activity. In both wild-type and mutant cell lines, deoxyadenosine toxicity was accompanied by the accumulation of deoxyadenosine triphosphate and reduction of the other dNTPs; however, only dGTP greatly diminished. Exogenous addition of deoxycytidine decreased the dATP accumulation by about 20%, but also resulted in increases in the dCTP, dTTP, and dGTP pools. The S49 cells arrested in G1 phase when exposed to dAdo, although hydroxyurea-resistant cells required higher dAdo concentrations to elicit G1-phase arrest than wild-type cells. Deoxycytidine prevented dAdo-induced G1 arrest in all cell types. In summary, these data support the hypothesis that deoxyadenosine-induced dATP accumulation results in inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and that this may be the mechanism for both cell cycle arrest and cytotoxicity in S49 T-lymphoma cells.
The relationship between perceived communication competence and perceived empathy

Empathy has been previously treated as a dimension of communication competence. This study indicates that both concepts are essentially composed of the same set of skills and reflected by the same set of behaviors, thus raising a question about the research value of communication competence and empathy. Twenty‐seven conversational sets were evaluated by respondents. One group of respondents evaluated the 27 response statements for the level of reflected communication competence. Another group evaluated the responses for the level of reflected empathy. The ratings were highly correlated (r = .98) thus supporting the hypothesized relationship between communication competence and empathy. Additional tests for reliability and validity were performed to demonstrate the power of the method used in the study.
Differential regulation of the attachment of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-infected human B cells to extracellular matrix by KSHV-encoded gB and cellular αV integrins

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has two modes of replications: latent and lytic replications. Reactivation from latency is dictated, in part, by the cell cycle. Herein, we have attempted to delineate the importance of cell cycle in KSHV pathogenesis by exploring the expression pattern of cell-surface receptors during different phases of the cell cycle. alphaV integrin expression is augmented during S phase in fibroblasts, epithelial and KSHV-infected cells. Using a Matrigel system, we pioneer the concept that KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells can attach to extracellular matrix proteins. This attachment is mediated primarily via alphaV integrins or virally encoded gB, and occurs preferentially in cells from S phase or cells from S phase actively supporting a lytic infection respectively. Such an ability of infected B cells to attach to endothelial cells may also aid in the dissemination of infection. The keystone of this work is that for the first time, we describe the ability of KSHV-infected B cells to preferentially use cellular (alphaV) or viral (gB) receptors to specifically bind cells, depending upon the stage of the cell cycle and infection.
Neutron Production in Exploding-Wire Discharges

High-power pulse generators have been used to produce dense plasmas by the explosion of thin polymer fibers. Sufficiently high in energies have been achieved to produce large neutron yields. Neutron production is attributed mainly to the reaction $d(d,n)^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and neutrons are observed when either fibers containing the natural abundance of deuterium or nearly fully deuterated fibers are used. Results are given which show the variation of the neutron yield with initial fiber diameter and with deuterium content.
Optimal Scheduling of Hydro-Thermal Power Systems

The model studied is comprised of thermal and hydro plants as well as electrical and hydro networks. It incorporates such features as variable water heads and cascaded plants, taking into account time delays as well as spilling. The transmission network is described by electrical equations. The model also includes such constraints as bounds on the equipment ratings and operating conditions.
Race and Gender Differences in Children's Socialization into Sport

Abstract In order to determine whether race and gender differences occurred in children's socialization into sport, a fixed alternative questionnaire was administered to 193 males (46 black and 147 white) and 222 females (69 black and 153 white) between the ages of 9 and 12 years. Results from several discriminant function analyses indicated that white children are more influenced by specific agents of socialization while black children are more influenced by situational or contextual variables, such as opportunity set and values toward sport. Gender differences appear to be a function of same-sex agents of socialization. However, those agents which most influence white children are not those that most influence black children.
The linear temperature dependence of the paramagnetic resonance linewidth in the manganate perovskites and

The temperature dependence of the static magnetic susceptibility (5 to 700 K) and that of the electron paramagnetic resonance linewidth (300 to 700 K) measured at 9.25 GHz is reported for bulk polycrystalline samples of and with negative giant magnetoresistance. For both systems, and the product increase linearly with temperature above . Following the analysis of Huber and Seehra for , it is argued that this linear temperature dependence of is most probably due to contributions from spin - phonon interaction. This result supports the recent suggestions of the importance of lattice effects in the magnetism of these oxides.
31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of cardiac transplant patients at rest.

Studies in animal models and patients have suggested that 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) may be useful in diagnosing transplant rejection, but such studies often are confounded by the late inclusion of patients after transplantation. The present study examined the utility of 31P-MRS in the diagnosis of acute allograft rejection during the first posttransplant month. Thirteen recent heart transplant recipients underwent 57 resting 31P-MRS studies within 24 hr of a biopsy. Subjects lay supine with a 10-cm surface coil placed over the heart. A 1-dimensionsal chemical shift imaging protocol was used to collect spectral information. Spectra from the heart were weighted for distance from the coil and summed before analysis. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test were used to analyze the data comparing phosphocreatine (PCr)/ATP ratios with biopsy scores. Transplant patients had significantly lower myocardial PCr/ATP ratios when compared with a normal control group (1.27 +/- 0.27 versus 1.61 +/- 0.22, p 1 > 2 > 3, was not obtained. Rather, the order was 2 > 0 > 1 > 3. Although the difference between scores 2 and 3 was significant (1.46 versus 1.14, alpha = 0.05 level), the lower three groups were statistically indistinguishable. In addition, the PCr/ ATP ratios were not predictive of future biopsies. Although significantly lower than normal control subjects, resting myocardial PCr/ATP ratios of transplant subjects are not useful in assessing thelevel of rejection. It is suggested that the measurement may be more predictive in mildly exercised myocardium.
Corroded, thinned and polished bones created by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) : Taphonomic implications for archaeological interpretations

In a recent paper, Schmitt and Juell argued that corroded, thinned, and polished bones may be diagnostic of carnivore scatological bone. This paper examines leporid and bird bones recovered from 20 golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) pellets, and concludes that these same taphonomic traces are commonly present on bones regurgitated by this diurnal raptor. As a result, much additional research will be required before carnivore scatological bone can be uneqivocally distinguished from bones cast by golden eagles.
Rivaroxaban delivery and reversal at a venous flow rate.

Objective—Rivaroxaban is an oral anticoagulant that directly targets both free factor Xa and factor Xa in complex with its protein cofactor, factor Va, in the prothrombinase complex. It is approved in the United States for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis and stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation; however, it also carries a black box warning regarding the risk of thrombosis after discontinuation of treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which rivaroxaban, over a range of physiologically relevant free plasma concentrations, inhibits preassembled prothrombinase at a typical venous shear rate (100 s−1) and to determine the dynamics of rivaroxaban washout. Methods and Results—Prothrombinase was assembled on phospholipid-coated glass capillaries. Its activity was characterized with respect to the activation of prothrombin (mean plasma concentration, 1.4 μmol/L) in the absence and presence of rivaroxaban (2, 5, and 10 nmol/L). The degree of inactivation of preassembled ...