cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of chemical and physical mutagens on the frequency of a large genetic duplication in Salmonella typhimurium. I. Induction of duplications.

Abstract In Salmonella typhimurium a simple selection has been described to detect bacteria that are merodiploid for almost one-third of the chromosome. The selective procedure is based upon improved utilization of L -malate as the role carbon source in merodiploid strains. The spontaneous frequency of the duplication in haploid strains in approximately 10 −4 per cell plated. Following teh exposure of a haploid strain to mutagenic agents, there is a dose-dependent increase in the duplication freqeuncy above the spontaneous level. In this paper we describe the induction of genetic dulpications in Salmonella typhimurium by X-rays, ultraviolet light (UV), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), nitrous acid and the azaacridine half mustrad, ICR-372.
Vitamin D: Evidence for its role as a prognostic factor in multiple sclerosis

Vitamin D insufficiency has been shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS), but until recently, it was unclear if vitamin D status also influences the prognosis of the disease. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a mouse model of MS, the administration of vitamin D reduces the severity of the disease. Initial reports in MS of inverse associations between vitamin D levels and disability or relapse rate were encouraging, but the cross-sectional or retrospective study designs limited their interpretability. More recently, studies of pediatric-onset and adult MS have demonstrated that among those with established MS, those with lower vitamin D levels are at higher risk for subsequent relapse. These observational data provide strong support for randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in MS.
Endogenous LXA4 Circuits Are Determinants of Pathological Angiogenesis in Response to Chronic Injury

Inflammation and angiogenesis are intimately linked, and their dysregulation leads to pathological angiogenesis in human diseases. 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) and lipoxin A4 receptors (ALX) constitute a LXA4 circuit that is a key feature of inflammatory resolution. LXA4 analogs have been shown to regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A-induced angiogenic response in vitro. 15-LOX and ALX are highly expressed in the avascular and immune-privileged cornea. However, the role of this endogenous LXA4 circuit in pathological neovascularization has not been determined. We report that suture-induced chronic injury in the cornea triggered polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) infiltration, pathological neovascularization, and up-regulation of mediators of inflammatory angiogenesis, namely VEGF-A and the VEGF-3 receptor (FLT4). Up-regulation of the VEGF circuit and neovascularization correlated with selective changes in both 15-LOX (Alox15) and ALX (Fpr-rs2) expression and a temporally defined increase in basal 15-LOX activity. More importantly, genetic deletion of 15-LOX or 5-LOX, key and obligatory enzymes in the formation of LXA4, respectively, led to exacerbated inflammatory neovascularization coincident with increased VEGF-A and FLT4 expression. Direct topical treatment with LXA4, but not its metabolic precursor 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, reduced expression of VEGF-A and FLT4 and inflammatory angiogenesis and rescued 15-LOX knockout mice from exacerbated angiogenesis. In summary, our findings and the prominent expression of 15-LOX and ALX in epithelial cells and macrophages place the LXA4 circuit as an endogenous regulator of pathological angiogenesis.
The Measurement and Description of Widespread and Relatively Stable Bilingualism

A RATHER small number of definite and interrelated purposes prompted the study of Bilingualism in the Barrio and served as guideposts during the two years of collective labors on this project. The enumeration and discussion of these purposes or goals at the very outset will aid in understanding the articles selected from the complete report and in evaluating the success obtained in answering the questions that initially stood before us.
Sucrose-derived exopolymers have site-dependent roles in Streptococcus mutans-promoted dental decay

We have constructed a panel of mutants of S. mutans V403 which are defective in one or more of the glucosyltransferase genes (gtfB,C or D) or the fructosyltransferase gene (ftf). These strains have been tested for virulence in a gnotobiotic rat caries model with reference to both buccal (smooth surface) and sulcal (pit and fissure) carious lesions. Our data suggest differing roles for degradable and non-degradable polymers at buccal and sulcal sites. Non-degradable polymers (made by products of the gtfB and C genes) contributed significantly to the severity of smooth surface lesions. However, our studies suggested their role in pit and fissure lesions was not as important as the role of degradable polymers. Specifically, a mutant deficient in the major insoluble glucan synthesizing activity (product of the gtfB gene) was 25% more cariogenic on sulcal surfaces than was the wild-type V403 strain. We propose that extracellular glucosyltransferases and fructosyltransferase compete for sucrose and that this competition influences pathogenicity at differing tooth sites.
The incremental approximation of nonrigid motion

Abstract In this paper we present an approach to the nonrigid shape-from-motion problem for surfaces in 3-space that involves incremental approximations. Specifically, assuming we know the shape of a surface before a nonrigid motion, we show how we can use monocular perspective images of the surface taken before and after the motion to obtain arbitrarily good approximations to both shape and motion parameters. We also present results obtained by implementing our method on images of real nonrigid motions.
Viscoelastic Properties of Normal and Infarcted Myocardium Measured by a Multifrequency Shear Wave Method: Comparison with Pressure-Segment Length Method

Abstract Our aims were (i) to compare in vivo measurements of myocardial elasticity by shear wave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) with those by the conventional pressure-segment length method, and (ii) to quantify changes in myocardial viscoelasticity during systole and diastole after reperfused acute myocardial infarction. The shear elastic modulus (μ 1 ) and viscous coefficient (μ 2 ) of left ventricular myocardium were measured by SDUV in 10 pigs. Young's elastic modulus was independently measured by the pressure-segment length method. Measurements made with the SDUV and pressure-segment length methods were strongly correlated. At reperfusion, μ 1 and μ 2 in end-diastole were increased. Less consistent changes were found during systole. In all animals, μ 1 increased linearly with left ventricular pressure developed during systole. Preliminary results suggest that μ 1 is preload dependent. This is the first study to validate in vivo measurements of myocardial elasticity by a shear wave method. In this animal model, the alterations in myocardial viscoelasticity after a myocardial infarction were most consistently detected during diastole.
Necessary conditions for distributed-parameter systems with controls of fewer variables than state variables

Necessary conditions are proved for multi-dimensional control systems, in which the state is a function of several independent variables in a fixed domain, while the controlu is a function of only some of the independent variables (that is,u is a lower-dimensional control). The cost functional can be taken in the usual Lagrange form of a multiple integral or in Mayer form. The state equations are a system of partial differential equations in explicit form with assigned boundary conditions, and constraints may be imposed on the values of the control variables.
Specific Features of After-School Program Quality: Associations with Children's Functioning in Middle Childhood

This longitudinal study examined associations between three after-school program quality features (positive staff–child relations, available activities, programming flexibility) and child developmental outcomes (reading and math grades, work habits, and social skills with peers) in Grade 2 and then Grade 3. Participants (n = 120 in Grade 2, n = 91 in Grade 3) attended after-school programs more than 4 days per week, on average. Controlling for child and family background factors and children’s prior functioning on the developmental outcomes, positive staff–child relations in the programs were positively associated with children’s reading grades in both Grades 2 and 3, and math grades in Grade 2. Positive staff–child relations also were positively associated with social skills in Grade 2, for boys only. The availability of a diverse array of age-appropriate activities at the programs was positively associated with children’s math grades and classroom work habits in Grade 3. Programming flexibility (child choice of activities) was not associated with child outcomes.
Categories of Life Meaning for Service Organization Volunteers

Student volunteers in a service organization (13 men, 21 women) selected Growth as their central life meaning much more frequently than did a comparable group of nonvolunteers (30 men, 76 women), a...
Data analysis in risk assessments

Abstract Several issues pertaining to data analysis in risk assessments are investigated. The derivation and interpretation of generic distributions are detailed. It is suggested that the generic distributions in the literature may be narrower than it can be justified. Methods for analyzing plant-specific data are summarized. Finally, the uncertainties in human error rates are discussed.
The influence of cholecystokinin octapeptide and angiotensin II on in vitro duodenal motility in hibernating and aroused 13-lined ground squirrels.

Abstract Because Cholecystokinin octapeptide and angiotensin II are directly involved in intestinal food and water absorption, the effect of these two compounds on intestinal motor responses of hibernating and alert 13-lined ground squirrels was investigated. Both Cholecystokinin octapeptide and angiotensin II caused a greater increase in the composite motility of intestinal segments of normothermic in contrast to hypothermic hibernating ground squirrels. Additionally, Cholecystokinin caused an increase in the contraction frequency of the intestine from normothermic as compared to hypothermic squirrels. This differential response may provide an adaptive advantage by (i) decreasing food and water consumption; (ii) depressing motility and inhibiting digestive enzyme release; (iii) reducing the release of bile which also may have an irritant effect on the intestinal mucosa under prolonged exposure. As a result, the GI tract is devoid of food and digestive enzyme irritants during torporous periods.
Plant availability of p in commercial superphosphate fertilizers

Abstract The quality of phosphate rock (PR) is declining and the use of lower quality PR results In lower water‐soluble and higher citrate‐soluble P in the fertilizer product. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the plant availability of P in commercial superphosphate fertilizers having various levels of water‐soluble P. Seven commercial fertilizers, Including 6 granular concentrated superphosphates and one normal superphosphate, were evaluated. Reagent grade monocalcium phosphate served as a control. The fertilizers were manufactured from PR deposits located in the United States (Florida, Idaho and North Carolina) and Morocco. Water‐soluble P ranged from 77 to 92 X of the total fertilizer P. Citrate‐soluble, water‐insoluble P ranged from 7 to 20 % of the total fertilizer P. Four of the 5 American fertilizers had a lower percentage of water‐soluble P as compared to the concentrated superphosphate from Morocco. Fertilizers manufactured from U.S. phosphate deposits contained an average of 6 times m...
Ethanol Metabolism by HeLa Cells Transduced With Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes: Control of the Pathway by Acetaldehyde Concentration

Background: Human class I alcohol dehydrogenase 2 isoenzymes (encoded by the ADH1B locus) have large differences in kinetic properties; however, individuals inheriting the alleles for the different isoenzymes exhibit only small differences in alcohol elimination rates. This suggests that other cellular factors must regulate the activity of the isoenzymes. Methods: The activity of the isoenzymes expressed from ADH1B*1, ADH1B*2, and ADH1B*3 cDNAs was examined in stably transduced HeLa cell lines, including lines which expressed human low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2). The ability of the cells to metabolize ethanol was compared with that of HeLa cells expressing rat class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (HeLa-rat ADH cells), rat hepatoma (H4IIEC3) cells, and rat hepatocytes. Results: The isoenzymes had similar protein half-lives in the HeLa cells. Rat hepatocytes, H4IIEC3 cells, and HeLa-rat ADH cells oxidized ethanol much faster than the cells expressing the ADH1B isoenzymes. This was not explained by high cellular NADH levels or endogenous inhibitors; but rather because the activity of the β1 and β2 ADHs was constrained by the accumulation of acetaldehyde, as shown by the increased rate of ethanol oxidation by cell lines expressing β2 ADH plus ALDH2. Conclusion: The activity of the human β2 ADH isoenzyme is sensitive to inhibition by acetaldehyde, which likely limits its activity in vivo. This study emphasizes the importance of maintaining a low steady-state acetaldehyde concentration in hepatocytes during ethanol metabolism.
A Natural Carbonized Leaf as Polysulfide Diffusion Inhibitor for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cells

Attracted by the unique tissue and functions of leaves, a natural carbonized leaf (CL) is presented as a polysulfide diffusion inhibitor in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The CL that is covered on the pure sulfur cathode effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttling mechanism and enables the use of pure sulfur as the cathode. A low charge resistance and a high discharge capacity of 1320 mA h g(-1) arise from the improved cell conductivity due to the innately integral conductive carbon network of the CL. The unique microstructure of CL leads to a high discharge/charge efficiency of >98 %, low capacity fade of 0.18 % per cycle, and good long-term cyclability over 150 cycles. The structural gradient and the micro/mesoporous adsorption sites of CL effectively intercept/trap the migrating polysulfides and facilitate their reutilization. The green CL polysulfide diffusion inhibitor thus offers a viable approach for developing high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.
Language comprehension and working memory language comprehension and working memory deficits in patients with schizophrenia

The present study examined the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia have deficits in language comprehension compared to normal controls, and that these deficits are associated with disturbances in working memory (WM). In addition, we hypothesized that language comprehension deficits would be associated with the severity of specific symptoms in the patients (formal thought disorder and hallucinations). Participants were 27 stable outpatients with schizophrenia and 28 demographically similar controls. Language comprehension was measured by presenting sentences auditorily that varied in length and syntactic complexity, followed by two or three comprehension questions. We measured working memory by administering a reading span task. Results indicated that, as predicted, language comprehension deficits were significantly greater in patients with schizophrenia than controls. Also as predicted, working memory was strongly correlated with language comprehension performance in both patients with schizophrenia and controls. Contrary to our predictions, language comprehension and working memory deficits were not associated with either formal thought disorder or hallucinations.
NEUTRAL LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF 1,2-DIACYLGLYCEROLS IN THE HEMOLYMPH OF THE MALE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR L. (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

Qualitative and quantitative changes in the neutral lipid content of hemolymph of gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L., were assayed in larval, pupal, and adult stages. The major neutral lipid constituents of the hemolymph were 1,2-diacylglycerols and ranged in nominal concentration from 1.6–3.4 (larval), 3.1–4.9(pupal),toamaximumof 19.3 μg lipid per microlitre hemolymph in the adult male. When detected, triacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols never exceed diacylglycerol concentrations. The fatty acid composition of 1,2-diacylglycerols from adult male moths (0–12 h after emergence) was determined as fatty acid methyl esters using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Nine fatty acid structures have been assigned. Of these, five are saturated, unbranched, aliphatic fatty acids (C14:0 – C18:0) which comprise 80.5% of the total fatty acid abundance. The remaining four fatty acids consist of two saturated, methyl-branched, aliphatic compounds, a mono-unsaturated aliphatic acid, and a tri-unsaturated, tricyclic, diterpenoid acid.
Dielectric performance enhancement of nanoparticle-based materials for embedded passive applications

Novel materials for embedded capacitor applications are in great demands, for which high dielectric constant (k), low dielectric loss and process compatibility with the printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the most important prerequisites. We have systematically investigated an efficient way to enhance the dielectric performance of the high-k nanocomposites by the selection of the appropriate filler, its size, size distribution, surface property and morphology (aggregation status). The effect of the size and size distribution of metal nanoparticles in the nanocomposite on the dielectric properties of the nanocompsite were studied on an in-situ formed silver (Ag) incorporated carbon black (CB)/polymer composites system. In-situ formed Ag nanoparticles in the Ag/CB/epoxy composites increased the dielectric constant (k) value and decreased dissipation factor (Df). The size and size distribution of metal nanoparticles in the nanocomposite were found to have significant influence on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposite system. Smaller size and narrower size distribution of Ag nanoparticles resulted in lower dielectric loss tangent. The investigation of the morphology in terms of the aggregation status of nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposite revealed that assembly of the nanoparticles impact the dielectric performance of the nanocomposite in terms of the interfacial polarization and conducting property. The Ag/epoxy nanocomposite containing Ag nanoparticle with more discrete morphology rendered much lower dielectric loss tangent compared to the nanocomposites with Ag nanoparticles of more aggregated morphology.
Soft X-ray tomography and cryogenic light microscopy: the cool combination in cellular imaging

Soft X-ray tomography (SXT) is ideally suited to imaging sub-cellular architecture and organization, particularly in eukaryotic cells. SXT is similar in concept to the well-established medical diagnostic technique computed axial tomography (CAT), except SXT is capable of imaging with a spatial resolution of 50nm, or better. In SXT, cells are imaged using photons from a region of the spectrum known as the 'water window'. This results in quantitative, high-contrast images of intact, fully hydrated cells without the need to use contrast-enhancing agents. The cells that are visualized are in close-to-native, fully functional state. The utility of SXT has recently been enhanced by the development of high numerical aperture cryogenic light microscopy for correlated imaging. This multi-modal approach allows labelled molecules to be localized in the context of a high-resolution 3-D tomographic reconstruction of the cell.
High performance low current CDMA receiver front end using 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS

Silicon germanium bipolar CMOS (SiGe BiCMOS) process technology is gaining popularity for RF circuits in wireless applications due to high performance, low cost, high yield and levels of integration with mixed signal and digital CMOS circuits. A tri-band quad mode CDMA RF receiver front end is designed in a 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process that enabled LNAs with sub 1 dB noise figure and low-noise high-linearity mixers with low current consumption.
Analysis of HIV-1 compartmental model parameters using Bayesian MCMC estimation

In previous work Bayesian Markov-Chain Monte Carlo techniques were used to identify HIV dynamic parameters from patient data. This study used viral load data from HIV patients during interrupted cycles of antiretroviral drugs. The data were fit to a well-established single-compartment model of HIV dynamics. Experimental evidence supports the use of a new compartmental model that includes the re-circulation of T-cells between anatomical reservoirs. If the infection dynamics are indeed compartmentalized, it is not clear how this would affect the estimated values of the dynamic parameters. In this study, we identify parameters of the simple, one-compartment model using data generated by the complex spatial model, and investigate the bias in parameter values introduced by this method. Multiple instances of simulated noisy data was generated from the spatial model using parameter estimates from previous studies. Markov-Chain Monte Carlo methods were used to identify parameter values for the simple model from the simulated data, and the identified values were compared with the true values to determine the existence of bias. The maximum likelihood bias in the median estimates of the proliferation, death and infection rate parameters for target T-cells and virion production rates were on average smaller than one standard deviation of the reported parameter uncertainties for the simple model. The median estimates of the death rate of infected cells and the efficacy of the drug exhibited an average positive bias (the posteriors were larger than the priors) that was larger than one-standard deviation of the prior for all patients. Neglecting the spatial dynamics does not seem to significantly affect the estimation of the proliferation, death, and infection rate parameters for target T-Cells. Conversely, the values of the infected cell death rates and drug efficacies exhibited a consistent bias when estimated using the simplified model. Neglecting spatial dynamics will result in a consistent overestimation of the values of these parameters.
Short-term changes in body composition after surgical repair of hip fracture

Background: the deleterious changes in body composition that occur during the year after hip fracture are associated with increased disability, recurrent fracture, and mortality. While the majority of these unfavourable changes have been shown to occur during the first 2 months after fracture, potential changes in body composition occurring earlier than 2 months post-fracture have not been studied. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to rigorously assess short-term changes in body composition after hip fracture. Methods: total body mass, lean mass, fat mass and total hip and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at 3 days, 10 days and 2 months post-fracture among 155 hip fracture patients from the Baltimore Hip Studies. Longitudinal regression analysis using mixed models was conducted to model short-term changes in body composition. Results: no significant changes in body composition were revealed from 3- to 10 days post-fracture. However, significant decreases from 10 days to 2 months post-fracture were noted in the total body mass (−1.95 kg, P < 0.001), lean mass (−1.73 kg, P < 0.001), total hip BMD (−0.00812 g/cm2, P = 0.04) and femoral neck BMD (−0.015 g/cm2, P = 0.03). No meaningful changes in fat mass were uncovered. Conclusions: the adverse changes in body composition during the first 2 months after hip fracture appear to have occurred primarily between 10 days and 2 months post-fracture. More research is needed to determine how these findings might help inform the optimal timing of interventions aimed at improving body composition and related outcomes after hip fracture.
Life cycle assessment as a tool to enhance the environmental performance of carbon nanotube products: a review

Abstract The importance of evaluating the environmental performance of emerging carbon nanotube (CNT) products from a life cycle perspective is emphasized in this work. Design, development and deployment of CNT products offer many potential benefits to society, but not without negative impacts on public health and the environment. Cradle-to-grave life cycle assessments (LCAs) of CNT products should be performed to ensure that the negative impacts of these products do not transcend the benefits offered by them. Although the application of LCA to CNT products is still emerging, the review conducted by the authors of existing studies suggests that the manufacturing stage in a CNT product life cycle can dominate the environmental impacts, largely as a result of the energy-intensive processes involved in the production of both the CNTs themselves as well as subsequent consumer products. Furthermore this work highlights several key challenges currently encountered with the application of LCA to CNT products, including a lack of data availability and uncertainties associated with estimation of certain impact characterization factors (due to qualitative nature of CNTs). Finally, improving the environmental performance of CNT products using LCA will involve a collaborative effort early in the design process between technology developers and LCA practitioners.
Emissions from miombo woodland and dambo grassland savanna fires

Airborne measurements of trace gases and particles over and downwind of two prescribed savanna fires in Zambia are described. The measurements include profiles through the smoke plumes of condensation nucleus concentrations and normalized excess mixing ratios of particles and gases, emission factors for 42 trace gases and seven particulate species, and vertical profiles of ambient conditions. The fires were ignited in plots of miombo woodland savanna, the most prevalent savanna type in southern Africa, and dambo grassland savanna, an important enclave of miombo woodland ecosystems. Emission factors for the two fires are combined with measurements of fuel loading, combustion factors, and burned area (derived from satellite burn scar retrievals) to estimate the emissions of trace gases and particles from woodland and grassland savanna fires in Zambia and southern Africa during the dry season (May-October) of 2000. It is estimated that the emissions of CO2, CO, total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx as NO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde, methyl bromide, total particulate matter, and black carbon from woodland and grassland savanna fires during the dry season of 2000 in southern Africa contributed 12.3%, 12.6%, 5.9%, 10.3%, 7.5%, 24.2%, 2.8%, 17.5%, and 11.1%, respectively, of the average annual emissions from all types of savanna fires worldwide. In 2000 the average annual emissions of methane, ethane, ethene, acetylene, propene, formaldehyde, methanol, and acetic acid from the use of biofuels in Zambia were comparable to or exceeded dry season emissions of these species from woodland and grassland savanna fires in Zambia.
Moving beyond the Specialization: the Development of a Bachelor of Science Program in Geographic Information Science at Michigan State University

Abstract Many universities around the world are actively pursuing or have recently implemented professional graduate programs in geographic information science. However, the number of undergraduate programs focusing on geographic information science is far more limited. This is despite the rapid hiring of GIS faculty and the implementation of undergraduate program “specializations.” At first glance, this fact is surprising given the far greater number of undergraduate institutions. Unfortunately, undergraduate curriculum expansion is significantly more difficult than most graduate level, Master of Science/Arts programs. In particular, university administrators have been quite happy to approve professional Master of Science degree programs, seeing them for the financial stars they often are. Michigan State University created a similar, and now successful, MS‐GISc graduate program in 2000. Beginning in spring of 2003, the department of Geography began pursuing the development of a Bachelor of Science degree...
Mapping the Landscape of Digital Petitionary Prayer as Spiritual/Social Support in Mobile, Facebook, and E-mail

Traditional prayers can function to provide spiritual and social support for oneself and others. With social media, this support finds a new expression in digital prayers. We map the landscape of digital petitionary prayers for self and others across three different media. In survey one (n = 218), frequency of digital petitionary prayers, described by topic, relationship, place, and outcome, was highest for the mobile medium (phone and text messaging), midrange for Facebook (posting and e-mail), and lowest for traditional e-mail. A second survey (n = 116) revealed that different types and contexts for petitionary prayers are positively associated with love of self, others, and God. Suggestions for future research include investigating the quality and outcomes of petitionary prayers across private, face-to-face, and digital contexts.
Global Smokestack Chasing: A Comparison of the State-Level Determinants of Foreign and Domestic Manufacturing Investment

As more domestic manufacturers have fallen prey to global competition, the American states have been forced to broaden their targets of “smokestack chasing” to include not just U.S. manufacturers but also their successful foreign counterparts. However, this two-pronged development strategy is plagued by several dilemmas: 1) the possibility that domestic and foreign manufacturers may use different locational criteria; 2) nativistic opposition to foreign employers; and 3) the fact that states' financial resources and business policies may be too meager to influence corporate investment decisions. Drawing on Gordon, Edwards, and Reich's (1982) social structures of accumulation framework, this paper argues that these dilemmas are symptomatic of a more general problem of the “shrinking state” associated with the latest phase of U.S. capitalist development. Results of a pooled, cross-sectional, time-series analysis of manufacturing investment across the 48 contiguous states between 1978 and 1985 also confirm that foreign firms are indeed less sensitive to the presence of unions than domestic firms, are vulnerable to economic nationalist opposition during gubernatorial election years, and that most state-sponsored economic development policies have no positive impact on either foreign or domestic manufacturing investment.
Thermophilic Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter fetus Infection with Hypersplenism and Histiocytic Phagocytosis in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

We present a case report of a patient who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Campylobacter fetus infection with a number of unusual clinical and microbiological features. The patient had prominent gastrointestinal symptoms, splenic infarction, splenomegaly with hypersplenism, and hemophagocytic histiocytosis in the spleen and lymph nodes; the organism displayed growth on Campy-selective blood agar, thermotolerance, and resistance to quinolones, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, and erythromycin.
Complexities in psychiatric genetics.

A substantial contribution of genetic factors to the risk of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism, and drug and alcohol dependence has already been established. However, the familial transmission of these disorders cannot be explained by simple Mendelian models of inheritance, and non-genetic factors must also play a substantial role in their etiologies. Furthermore, the prevalence of any major psychiatric disorder is a great deal higher than that of Mendelian disorders. It has been suggested that evolutionary forces would rapidly eliminate large gene effects, which would suggest that mental disorders, which are highly prevalent, are associated with minor gene effects (Risch, 1994). The current paradigm is that genes with small interacting genetic effects, in conjunction with environmental factors, affect the risk for psychiatric disease. New laboratory and statistical methodology and database tools, and the availability of large clinical samples for the study of linkage a...
Use of DFT techniques in speed grading a 1 GHz+ microprocessor

This paper presents a practical case-study of using DFT techniques for speed-grading the Motorola MPC7455, a 1 GHz+ microprocessor. The effectiveness of transition fault detection, path-delay AC-scan patterns and array BIST is compared with that of functional patterns for speed-grading the parts. We discuss the capabilities and challenges of using the DFT methods based on production data.
A graphical interface for analysis of communication protocols

In this paper we describe a graphical interface that is an effective tool for displaying and analyzing communication protocols. Asynchronous distributed systems, and communication networks in particular, are often very complex and the interactions between processors are difficult to understand. The graphical interface provides an intuitive representation of those interactions and facilitates the user's understanding of the behavior of the system. The interface was developed to display the Trans, Tracks and Total protocols and has already proved useful in debugging a simulator for those protocols. It can also be used to display the behavior of other protocols.
Jet physics in ALICE with a proposed electromagnetic calorimeter

The high P T capabilities of the ALICE experiment provided by an additional electromagnetic calorimeter are discussed in light of recent results from RHIC. PACS: 25.75.Dw – 25.75.Gz
Inertial impaction of heavy molecules

The transition from diffusion-dominated to inertia-dominated behaviour in the transport of condensable heavy molecules carried in a continuum subsonic He jet that impinges on a solid surface is studied experimentally. The Stokes number S, or ratio between the heavy-molecule relaxation time and the fluid-dynamic time, is varied in the interval 0 [lsim ] S [lsim ] 1 by changing the jet Mach number at a constant value of the Reynolds number. Although the heavy species departs considerably from equilibrium at all but the smallest values of S, the helium jet is always near equilibrium conditions. At values of S of order unity the observed rate of deposition at the stagnation point asymptotes to a value some six times greater than in the diffusion region (where S → 0), implying that the process is governed by the large inertia of the heavy species, very much like in aerosol impactors. As a result, it is argued that the concept of pressure diffusion is unsuitable to explain the observed behaviour. An approximate theoretical description of the transport process is given for the region S [Lt ] 1 where the kinetic problem is amenable to a hydrodynamic treatment. Finally, the analogy with the inertia-dominated behaviour of aerosols is used to assess the relative merits of various aerodynamics schemes aiming at separating isotopes.
Optimal Distributed Voltage Regulation for Secondary Networks With DGs

An algorithm for the optimal voltage regulation of distribution secondary networks with distributed generators (DGs) is proposed in the paper. Based on the e decomposition of the sensitivity matrix (inverse of Jacobian) obtained from the solution of the Newton-Raphson power flow problem, a large secondary network is divided into several small subnetworks. From the e decomposition, the range of influence of each DG on the voltage of the entire network is determined. When voltage at particular nodes exceeds normal operating limits, the nearest DGs can be located and commanded to control the voltage. The control action can be coordinated using communications in a small-size subnetwork. The voltage regulation is achieved by solving a small linear programming optimization problem with an objective function that makes every DG to optimize its generation. The algorithm is tested with a model of a real heavily-meshed secondary network. The results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively control the voltage in a distributed manner. It is also discussed in the paper how to choose the value of e for the system decomposition.
Antimonide-based compound semiconductors for electronic devices: A review

Several research groups have been actively pursuing antimonide-based electronic devices in recent years. The advantage of narrow-bandgap Sb-based devices over conventional GaAs- or InP-based devices is the attainment of high-frequency operation with much lower power consumption. This paper will review the progress on three antimonide-based electronic devices: high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs), and heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Progress on the HEMT includes the demonstration of Ka- and W-band low-noise amplifier circuits that operate at less than one-third the power of similar InP-based circuits. The RTDs exhibit excellent figures of merit but, like their InP- and GaAs-based counterparts, are waiting for a viable commercial application. Several approaches are being investigated for HBTs, with circuits reported using InAs and InGaAs bases.
How Has the Robot Contributed to Colon Cancer Surgery

Robotic surgery is an emerging field in colorectal surgery and may overcome the limitations of conventional laparoscopic surgery, such as rigid instrumentation, poor ergonomics, and assistant-dependent camera movements and retraction. In addition, robotic-assisted colectomy appears to offer comparable outcomes to laparoscopic colectomy with limited long-term outcomes data. Prolonged operating time, increased costs and learning curve are the major drawbacks of robotic colectomy for colon cancer. Although new robotic platforms promise improved ingenuity through developing technology, the role of the robot in colon cancer surgery is still unclear.
Developments in Weigh-in-Motion Using Neural Nets

The paper reports on the latest developments of a neural network-based method of accurately estimating truck attributes (such as axle loads) from strain response readings taken from the bridge over which the truck is traveling. The approach is designed to remove the need for intrusive devices (such as tape switches) on the deck of the bridge to obtain such data so as to provide a convenient and viable means of collecting bridge loading statistics. Specifically, this paper compares the performance of three radically different types of neural network used for identifying the class of truck crossing the bridge. Of the methods considered, a binary networking system is found to be the most efficient. The paper concludes with some recommendations for further study.
Sudden Reversible Painless Binocular Vision Loss – A New Cause: Case Report and Review of Literature (P06.256)

Objective: To describe a case of isolated cortical blindness due to Hemorrhagic Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (HPRES) and review of literature. Background PRES is characterized by a variety of symptoms including headache, altered mental status, vision loss and seizures. Vasogenic edema is the characteristic radiological finding, hemorrahge is rare.Isolated cortical blindness due to HPRES has not been previously reported. Design/Methods: Case report and review of literature. Results: A 55- year- old white male was brought to the emergency department after he woke up with complete blindnessand mild headache His vitals inlcuded BP of 220/110 mm Hg, HR 80 and RR 12 and afebrile.His examination revealed complete blindness with no light perception but normal light reaction. The fundoscopy was normal. Rest of the neurological examiantion incliding higher mental function, cranial nerves, speech, strength and gait were normal. The Noncontrast CT head revealed intraparenchymal hemorrhage over bilateral occipital lobe with massive edema. MRI brain revealed occipial hematoma with vasogenic edema, no diffusion restriction. MR angiogram and venogram of brain were normal.His laboratory works included normal drug screen, vasculitic panel, PT/aPTT/INR. His vision started improving in 48 hours with significant recovery in 3 weeks ( 20/60) with resolution of hematoma on MRI. Conclusions: Isolated cortical blindness is a rare clinical presentation of Hemorrhagic PRES.It is important to recognize this condition given good prognosis. The most common postulates is endothelial cell dysfunction leading to blood-brain barrier leakage, with resultant cortical and subcortical vasogenic edema. Potential etiologic factors include eclampsia, or other causes, such as conditioning regimens before transplantation, effects of graft-versus-host disease, or the results of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporine and tacrolimus. Our patient did not had any of these factors. Studies have demonstrated that the incidence of parenchymal or sulcal Subarachnoid hemorrhage in PRES is around 5-17%. Exact pathophysiology is unknown. Disclosure: Dr. Bollu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uppal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Singh has nothing to disclose.
On Deficiency of Procedure of Personnel Litigation and It's Establishment

Procedure of personnel litigation is procedure of relation of right and duty related to human’s identity.Because there is no procedure of personnel litigation in China,we should establish it in order to satisfy with increasingly complex need of the personnel litiga-tion,deepen the civil judicial reform etc.Procedure of personnel litigation includes legislative style,scope of accepting cases,judicial orga-nization,special principles and rules of procedure of it.
Two-dimensional and color Doppler flow imaging in diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Objective To observe the value of 2Dand color Doppler flow imaging in diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods Eight-five infants aged 3—15days underwent ultrasonography.HIE was detected in 39infants.Infants with HIE were divided to mild HIE,moderate HIE and severe HIE,and the other 10normal infants were enrolled as controls(control group).Ultrasonic characteristics and blood flow parameters of middle cerebral artery in 39infants were analyzed.Results Mild HIE neonates showed high-echo in brain parenchyma,while the echo intensity was lower than that of choroid plexus.Brain parenchyma were high-echo in moderate HIE too,and the echo intensity was close to that of choroid plexus.The lateral ventricle was normal or mildly dilated.Infants with severe HIE showed diffuse parenchymal echogenicity,and the echo intensity exceed to that of choroid plexus.The image of craniocerebra was illegibility and unclear.Twenty-two infants with HIE recovered closely to normal in the following 7—10days,and 14infants still showed high-echo and coarse in brain parenchyma after 10days,which might be prompted the white matter damage.Three infants were lost during follow-up.Compared to control group,significant differences of end diastolic velocity of bilateral middle cerebral artery in different HIE groups were found(P0.05).The severity of HIE had correlation with end diastolic velocity,resistance index of left middle cerebral artery,and peak systolic velocity,end diastolic velocity,resistance index,as well as pulse index of right middle cerebral artery.Differences of flow parameters of middle cerebral artery in different severity of HIE groups were not significant(P0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound can clearly show encephalic structure and lateral changes,also can evaluate the severity of HIE and prognosis combining with flow parameters of middle cerebral artery.
Pathophysiology and management of endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common disease that affects up to 5 million women in the United States. Specifically the prevalence of endometriosis is 1 in 15 (7%) women of reproductive age, and there is an associated incidence of infertility in as many as 30% to 40% of cases. The precise physiologic mechanism for the development of endometriosis lesions in the pelvis and abdominal cavity has not been elucidated. Substantial evidence exists, however, that endometriosis is dependent on estrogen for continued growth and proliferation. Therefore, suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis with analogues of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone is being increasingly undertaken. Since the most effective resolution of endometriosis occurs after oophorectomy or onset of menopause, the hypoestrogenic state induced by GnRH analogues is of major significance for patients with active disease. Medical therapy for endometriosis is often used as primary therapy for symptomatic disease or as an adjunct to surgical management of pelvic pain or infertility.
Higher order signaling: ARL2 as regulator of both mitochondrial fusion and microtubule dynamics allows integration of 2 essential cell functions

ARL2 is among the most highly conserved proteins, predicted to be present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, and ubiquitously expressed. Genetic screens in multiple model organisms identified ARL2, and its cytosolic binding partner cofactor D (TBCD), as important in tubulin folding and microtubule dynamics. Both ARL2 and TBCD also localize to centrosomes, making it difficult to dissect these effects. A growing body of evidence also has found roles for ARL2 inside mitochondria, as a regulator of mitochondrial fusion. Other studies have revealed roles for ARL2, in concert with its closest paralog ARL3, in the traffic of farnesylated cargos between membranes and specifically to cilia and photoreceptor cells. Details of each of these signaling processes continue to emerge. We summarize those data here and speculate about the potential for cross-talk or coordination of cell regulation, termed higher order signaling, based upon the use of a common GTPase in disparate cell functions.
Marathi of a Single Type: The demise of the Modi script

While the debates about the use of a single script for rendering the Marathi language became relevant only after the advent of printing, the fast-changing social and political landscapes of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries lent their own weight to the discourse. The debates about the writing system became the venue for various competing social forces and political movements. The issues of region, caste, class, and religion—the core of today's identity politics—were all embroiled in this debate, as were both the British colonial and Indian nationalist governments. In just 150 years, Balbodh (a variant of Devanagari) emerged as the sole script for the Marathi language. At least three different arguments were used to dismiss the Modi script. The first was about printing types, and the legibility and economy of Devanagari. By the end of the nineteenth century, the social empowerment of the literati and administrative convenience were the reasons given for abolishing Modi. In the twentieth century, British resistance to nationalist efforts in western India, and then a fear of regionalism under the new nationalist independent republic, ensured that a single script able to be used for both Hindi and Sanskrit would be officially sanctioned for Marathi.
Beyond PCA for modeling financial time-series

Statistical factor models based on principal component analysis (PCA) have been widely used to reduce the dimensionality of financial time-series. We investigate the sensitivity of PCA to peculiarities of financial data, such as heavy tails and asymmetry and suggest to use alternatives to PCA. We investigate a recent reformulation of principal components as a search for projections which allows to go beyond the squared-error in the objective. We suggest to use a robust formulation for PCA and also a version of PCA with conditional value at risk (cVaR) as the error metric to drive the low-rank approximation. cVaR has received considerable attention in risk management as a coherent replacement of Value at Risk. We describe a convex formulation for both robust PCA and cVaR-PCA and apply them on an computational example with US equities.