cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Beach Peddler

Prada. Gucci. Louis Vuitton. A dozen handbags, leather and vinyl. Kojo loops them around a wooden pole, which he carries across his shoulders. He fol lows the low hard sand, moving Uke a spider with an unwieldy burden. "Ciao, bella," he says, coming to rest next to a beach umbrella. "Vuoi comprare? Do you buy?" A topless girl with oblong brown breasts examines two or three bags. He waits on one knee, watching the reflections on the sea. "No," she says, then recUnes on the towel and closes her eyes. He speaks ItaUan with a French accent. He also knows some EngUsh and Spanish, the words that a foreigner learns before being put on a plane and sent away. Hello goodbye thank you how much fuck you I am sorry you are very beautiful may I use the bathroom would you spend the night with me where is the train station may I have a glass a water please I cause no trouble. He calls every woman bellissima, young or old, beautiful or otherwise. There are shopowners from Rome tugging little mutts on short tethers, with out husbands, who haggle for ten minutes; women who sunbathe in bikini bottoms all afternoon while their aged mothers sit in beachchairs beside them, handing over prosciutto and provolone sandwiches wrapped in oil paper; girls in string bikinis walking in pairs, arm in arm, swinging their hips. "Feel the leather. Smells nice, yes?" "Yes, but?" "One-fifty. It is Gucci, signorina. It goes with your hair. What a beauty you are in the sun." "I have no money." "What do you mean, no money?" He gestures at the neat rows of blue lounge chairs and umbrellas, the raked sand, the volleyball net. "Of course you have money. Take the bag. I come back tomorrow. If you don't Uke, you give it back. Do you go to the dance clubs, signorina? Do you know La Bussola? You will find me there at mid night."
Inserted post-questions and learning from slide-tape presentations: Implications of the mathemagenic hypothesis

From this review it appears that the insertion of factual postquestions into written instructional materials can result in increased learning of both intentional and incidental information. The intentional learning effect is attributed to the reinforcement resulting from review or practice. It is unclear, however, as to whether the incidental learning effect is backward (attributed to review), forward (results in the shaping of mathemagenic behaviors), or motivational. An analysis of intervening variables suggests that postquestions are generally facilitative for mature readers only, result in an increased study time, and are more effective for learners who are not highly motivated. Additional evidence suggests that the effect can be increased by using higher order questions requiring comprehension, application, or analysis. It appears that knowledge of the correct responses to the post-questions will increase intentional learning. No conclusions are drawn concerning the interaction between the use of inserted questions and ability level or passage length.
Unauthorized Americans and European Outcasts

The United States is home to a generation of whom this Article refers to as “unauthorized Americans” - illegally present young adults who were brought or sent to the United States when they were children. These immigrants tend to demonstrate a high level of integration into mainstream U.S. society, but they cannot fully integrate or participate in U.S. society due to their undocumented status. Immigration reform is slow in coming and grudging in what it is willing to offer. In the event that it is not forthcoming or that it occurs too late for thousands of young adults, what is the result? What happens to a generation of U.S.-educated, fully integrated Americans who are not actually Americans? What message does it send to the next generation of children brought to the United States by their parents, encouraged to do well in school, and exposed to a culture that consumes and envelops them and then rejects them once they are adults? This Article looks to Europe as one potential source of answers to that question. This Article explores the integration challenges of British, French, and German citizens of ethnically diverse descent and of undocumented immigrants in the United States who have been raised in the United States since childhood. The Article compares European obstacles to integration, which are primarily cultural, to U.S. obstacles to integration, which are primarily legal. The Article argues that by failing to remove legal barriers to full integration, the United States is poised to have cultural barriers to integration develop and proliferate that are more difficult to correct than legal barriers.
Function Spaces and Banach Spaces

The theory of integration developed in Chapter Three enables us to define certain spaces of functions that have remarkable properties and are of enormous importance in analysis as well as in its applications. We have already, in § 7, considered spaces whose points are functions. In §7, we considered only the uniform norm ∥ ∥ u [see (7.3)] to define the distance between two functions. The present chapter is concerned with norms that are defined in one way or another froia integrals. The most important such norms are defined and studied in § 13. These special norms lead us very naturally to study abstract Banach spaces, to which § 14 is devoted. While we are not concerned with Banach spaces per se, it is an inescapable fact that many results can be proved as easily for all Banach spaces [perhaps with some additional property] as for the special Banach spaces defined in §§ 7 and 13. Our desires both for economy of effort and for clarity of exposition dictate that we treat these results in general Banach spaces. In § 15, we give a strictly computational construction of the conjugate spaces of the function spaces \({{\mathcal{L}}_p}(1 < p < \infty)\). We have chosen this construction because of its elementary nature and also because we think that manipulation of inequalities is something that every student of analysis should learn. In § 16, we consider Hilbert spaces, which are \({{\mathcal{L}}_2}\) spaces looked at abstractly, and also give some concrete examples and illustrations.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Potential Pharmacologic Interventions:

The mortality of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains high despite advances in supportive care of ARDS and in the understanding of the pathogenesis. Numerous inflammatory mediators including reactive oxygen species, arachidonic acid metabolites, and growth factors, are present in the circulation of patients with or at risk for developing this syndrome and play a key pathophysiologic role in the development of lung injury. Pharmacologic therapy is being evaluated to: 1) support the failing lung by improving gas exchange; 2) interrupt the mediator-induced mechanisms of inflammation and injury. Although none of these experimental therapies has yet been proven to improve survival in well conducted prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials, many have demonstrated improvement in physiologic function. These results have helped lay the groundwork for future advances in this field.
Learning by aspiring professional traders: Learning to take risk

Abstract This paper investigates evidence of learning among thousands of new entrants to a population of professional futures floor traders over a six-year period. We document several empirical regularities consistent with different types of learning. First, traders appear to rationally learn about ability: only about 15% of the traders survive more than one year. Second, as traders become experienced, they increase trading intensity. Third, on average, surviving traders exhibit increasing comfort with risk (tolerating larger potential losses) as they gain experience compared to traders with the same experience level who do not survive. However, despite evidence consistent with learning about ability, we find no evidence that traders improve their risk-adjusted performance as they gain experience. Other than learning about ability, we conclude that the fundamental skill traders learn is the ability to be comfortable with risk.
Postintervention Patency Rates and Predictors of Patency after Percutaneous Interventions on Intragraft Stenoses within Failing Prosthetic Arteriovenous Grafts.

Abstract Purpose To determine postintervention patency rates after endovascular interventions on intragraft stenosis within failing prosthetic arteriovenous (AV) grafts, as well as predictors of patency. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of percutaneous interventions on prosthetic AV grafts presenting with first-time intragraft stenoses over a 7-year period revealed 183 patients (81 male; mean age, 59.7 y). "Intragraft" was defined as 2 cm or more from the arterial or venous anastomosis. Procedural imaging was retrospectively reviewed. Patency rates were estimated by Kaplan–Meier test. Predictors of patency were calculated by Cox proportional-hazards model. Results Two-hundred twenty-nine intragraft stenoses were identified in 183 grafts. Intragraft stenoses were treated at a median of 20.7 months (interquartile range, 12.0–33.9 mo) after graft creation. Graft thrombosis was present in 62%. The anatomic success rate of angioplasty was 85%. Fifteen percent required stent or stent-graft deployment because of inadequate response to angioplasty. A concurrent nonintragraft stenosis within the access circuit was identified in 76% of grafts. At 3, 6, and 12 months, postintervention primary patency rates were 56%, 40%, and 23%, respectively. Secondary patency rates were 84%, 77%, and 67%, respectively. The lesion-specific patency rates were 89, 75%, and 63%, respectively. Graft thrombosis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43; P = .048) and concurrent nonintragraft lesion (HR, 1.51; P = .047) were independent negative predictors of primary patency. Graft thrombosis (HR, 1.81; P = .029) was a negative predictor of lesion patency, and stent or stent-graft deployment (HR, 0.42; P = .045) was a positive predictor of lesion patency. Conclusions Endovascular interventions on intragraft stenoses resulted in primary, secondary, and lesion-specific patency rates of 40%, 77%, and 75%, respectively, at 6 months. Stent or stent-graft deployment may prolong lesion patency.
Model for Coupled Large Strain Consolidation and Solute Transport in Layered Soils

AbstractA numerical model, called CST3 (Consolidation and Solute Transport 3), is presented for coupled one-dimensional large strain consolidation and solute transport in layered soils. The consolidation algorithm accounts for vertical strain, soil self-weight, general constitutive relationships, relative velocity of fluid and solid phases, changing compressibility and hydraulic conductivity during consolidation, unload/reload, time-dependent loading and boundary conditions, external hydraulic gradient, variable preconsolidation stress profiles, and multiple soil layers with different material properties. The solute transport algorithm accounts for advection, diffusion, mechanical dispersion, linear and nonlinear sorption, equilibrium and nonequilibrium sorption, porosity-dependent effective diffusion coefficient, and first-order decay reactions. CST3 is based on a dual-Lagrangian framework that separately tracks the motions of fluid and solid phases. The development of CST3 is first described, followed b...
The inflammasome: Pathways linking psychological stress, depression, and systemic illnesses

Abstract Stress is a common occurrence in everyday life and repeated or traumatic stress can be a precipitating factor for illnesses of the central nervous system, as well as peripheral organ systems. For example, severe or long-term psychological stress can not only induce depression, a leading illness worldwide, but can also cause psychosomatic diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Related key questions include how psychological stress influences both brain and peripheral systems, and what detection mechanisms underlie these effects? A clue is provided by the discovery of the pathways underlying the responses to host “danger” substances that cause systemic diseases, but can also contribute to depression. The inflammasome is a protein complex that can detect diverse danger signals and produce the accompanying immune-inflammatory reactions. Interestingly, the inflammasome can detect not only pathogen-associated molecules, but also cell damage-associated molecules such as ATP. Here, we propose a new inflammasome hypothesis of depression and related comorbid systemic illnesses. According to this hypothesis, the inflammasome is a central mediator by which psychological and physical stressors can contribute to the development of depression, and as well as a bridge to systemic diseases. This hypothesis includes an explanation for how psychological stress can influence systemic diseases, and conversely how systemic diseases can lead to psychiatric illnesses. The evidence suggests that the inflammasome may be a new target for the development of treatments for depression, as well as psychosomatic and somato-psycho diseases.
College Fund Raising Using Theoretical Perspectives to Understand Donor Motives

This paper provides senior leadership teams with a body of literature that will guide the development of fund-raising strategy and provides an interdisciplinary context for understanding donor motives. Consideration of these theoretical foundations can help shape the fund-raising philosophy of the institution. These perspectives also have practical implications on the interactions between the College and its alumni including how the College communicates with alumni or how donors are recognized for their generosity.
Empirical Relationship between the Conformation and the Direction of Carbonyl Group Pyramidalization of Cyclohexanones.

A statistical investigation of precise crystal structures from the Cambridge Structural Database shows that cyclohexanones have a predictable pyramidalization of the carbonyl group in the chair conformation that depends on the puckering of the ring. Flattened cyclohexanones are usually “axially pyramidalized” (see Figure 1), whereas more strongly puckered cyclohexanones are usually “equatorially pyramidalized”. It is conceivable that a cooperation between electronic effects (hyperconjugation) and steric effects (relief from torsional strain) leads to this unique correlation. No such conformation/pyramidalization correlations are observed for other ketones.
Women’s Attitudes Regarding Prenatal Testing for a Range of Congenital Disorders of Varying Severity

Little is known about women’s comparative attitudes towards prenatal testing for different categories of genetic disorders. We interviewed women who delivered healthy infants within the past year and assessed attitudes towards prenatal screening and diagnostic testing, as well as pregnancy termination, for Down syndrome (DS), fragile X (FraX), cystic fibrosis (CF), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital heart defects (CHD). Ninety-five women aged 21 to 48 years participated, of whom 60% were Caucasian, 23% Asian, 10% Latina and 7% African American; 82% were college graduates. Ninety-five to ninety-eight percent indicated that they would have screening for each condition, and the majority would have amniocentesis (64% for PKU to 72% for SMA). Inclinations regarding pregnancy termination varied by condition: Whereas only 10% reported they would probably or definitely terminate a pregnancy for CHD, 41% indicated they would do so for DS and 62% for SMA. Most women in this cohort reported that they would undergo screening for all six conditions presented, the majority without the intent to terminate an affected pregnancy. These women were least inclined to terminate treatable disorders (PKU, CHD) versus those associated with intellectual disability (DS, FraX) and were most likely to terminate for SMA, typically lethal in childhood.
Intradermal isotope injection is superior to intramammary in sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer.

Abstract Background. The optimal sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy technique remains undefined in breast cancer. Injecting radiotracer or blue dye by a variety of routes seems to stage the axilla with comparable accuracy, and we have hypothesized that the dermal and the parenchymal lymphatics of the breast drain to the same SLN in most patients. Two previous studies from our institution support this concept: (1) a single-surgeon series of 200 consecutive SLN biopsy procedures demonstrating a high dye-isotope concordance for both intradermal (ID) and intraparenchymal (IP) isotope injection, and (2) a series of 100 procedures validated by a backup axillary dissection (ALND) in which the false-negative rate following ID isotope injection was comparable to that of our previous results with IP injection. Here, we directly compare the results of SLN biopsy using either ID or IP isotope injection for our entire experience of SLN biopsy procedures in which a backup ALND was done. Methods. This is a retrospective, nonrandomized study of 298 clinical stage I to II breast cancer patients having SLN biopsy with a backup ALND planned in advance, comparing the results of ID (n = 164) and IP (n = 134) isotope injection. All patients had IP injection of blue dye. Endpoints included (1) successful SLN identification, (2) false-negative rate, (3) dye-isotope concordance, and (4) the SLN/axillary background isotope count ratio. Results. ID isotope was more successful than IP, identifying the SLN in 98% versus 89% of cases, respectively. False-negative results (4.8% vs 4.4%) and dye-isotope concordance (92% vs 93%) were comparable between the 2 groups, and SLN/axillary background isotope count ratios were significantly higher with ID than with IP injection (288/1 vs 59/1). Conclusions. ID isotope injection identifies the SLN more often than IP, stages the axilla with comparable accuracy, and is associated with higher levels of SLN isotope uptake. The dermal and parenchymal lymphatics of the breast drain to the same axillary SLN in most breast cancer patients, and ID isotope injection is the procedure of choice in this setting. (Surgery 2001;130:432-8.)
Ancient soil resources of the Usumacinta River Region, Guatemala

In this study we present the results of a combination of methods used to identify possible agricultural activity of the ancient Maya in the Usumacinta River Basin in Guatemala. These methods included stable carbon isotope analysis of bulk soil organic matter, soil profile investigations and a spatial model of gentle slopes and well-drained soils to identify favorable agricultural conditions. Stable carbon isotope analysis of bulk soil organic matter in particular offers potentially direct evidence of agricultural activity. The δ13C results suggest that there is a strong signature of C4 plants, such as maize and tropical grasses, throughout the study area. Further, the current soil conditions and extent of relatively gently sloped areas are favorable to agriculture. Overall, the results are supportive of the hypothesis that the area, located between the polities of Piedras Negras and Yaxchilan, was agriculturally important to surrounding areas.
Do factors that are important during obstetrics and gynecology residency program selection differ by applicant gender

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between applicant gender and factors that influence obstetrics and gynecology residency program selection. Study design A national survey was conducted of graduates of US allopathic medical schools who were registered with the Electronic Residency Application Service for the year 2003 and who indicated that obstetrics and gynecology was their primary specialty choice. The selection prevalence of 20 possible influential factors was analyzed by gender. Results Our study cohort consisted of 450 eligible respondents, 80.4% of whom were female. There were no significant differences by gender in regards to applicant age, race, marital status, number of dependents, or geographic region of medical school. Overall, the 4 factors with the highest selection prevalence in both gender groups were all related to workplace environment. Compared with male respondents, female respondents were more likely to consider how well the current residents seemed to work together (99.2% vs 94.3%; P = .002) and the amount of conference/didactic teaching (80.4% vs 68.2%; P = .01). Male respondents were more likely to consider the quality of the hospital facility (92% vs 82%; P = .02), salary (28.4% vs 17.1%; P = .02), and supplemental income (moonlighting) opportunities (18.2% vs 8.6%; P = .008), as compared with female respondents. Conclusion Significant differences in gender-associated preferences that are related to obstetrics and gynecology residency program selection exist and include both curricular and financial factors.
Do international migration and remittances reduce poverty in developing countries

Summary Few studies have examined the impact of international migration and remittances on poverty in the developing world. This paper fills this lacuna by constructing and analyzing a new data set on international migration, remittances, inequality, and poverty from 71 developing countries. The results show that both international migration and remittances significantly reduce the level, depth, and severity of poverty in the developing world. After instrumenting for the possible endogeneity of international migration, and controlling for various factors, results suggest that, on average, a 10% increase in the share of international migrants in a country’s population will lead to a 2.1% decline in the share of people living on less than $1.00 per person per day. After instrumenting for the possible endogeneity of international remittances, a similar 10% increase in per capita official international remittances will lead to a 3.5% decline in the share of people living in poverty.
Acceptance of unsalted strained foods by normal infants.

Consumption of strained foods by normal four-month-old and seven-month-old infants did not appear to be influenced by whether or not sodium chloride had been added. Daily intakes of sodium by infants were in most cases several times greater when the salted foods (as commercially available) were fed. Since the assortments of unsalted strained foods fed to infants nearly always supply more sodium than does human milk, and since most infants by age 4 months are receiving whole cow's milk (which supplies more than 3 times as much sodium as does human milk), there would appear to be no nutritional justification for adding sodium chloride to strained foods for infants.
An analysis of the influence of self-assessed health on expenditure in a complete demand system

Abstract This paper proposes and estimates a theoretical mechanism for incorporating psychological dimensions into a complete demand system that is consistent with utility maximization. Basically, subjective relative health scales are constructed using a cross section of U.S. households while controlling for the mean age of adult household members and family size. The subjective relative health equivalence scales address the question of how much it would cost to make a household equally well-off for varying states of perceived relative health. The findings indicate that improved perceptions of health by the head of household alter household expenditure patterns and decrease expenditure elasticities.
Quasi-brittle behavior of cementitious matrix composites

Observations on crack interactions with bridging sites during in situ crack propagation in steel microfiber reinforced cementitious composites are presented. The loading fixture used for identifying the toughening mechanisms is briefly described. The loading fixture can be placed under an optical microscope, inside a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) or inside the Environmental Electron Microscope (ESEM). Controlled displacements are applied to compact tension specimens through a piezoelectric translator which is driven by a high voltage amplifier. The in situ crack propagation measurements reveal energy absorbing mechanisms in the vicinity of fiber and aggregate bridging sites which are contributing to the strength and toughness enhancement observed in these composites.
Wartime spine injuries: understanding the improvised explosive device and biophysics of blast trauma

The improvised explosive device (IED) has been the most significant threat by terrorists worldwide. Blast trauma has produced a wide pattern of combat spinal column injuries not commonly experienced in the civilian community. Unfortunately, explosion-related injuries have also become a widespread reality of civilian life throughout the world, and civilian medical providers who are involved in emergency trauma care must be prepared to manage casualties from terrorist attacks using high-energy explosive devices. Treatment decisions for complex spine injuries after blast trauma require special planning, taking into consideration many different factors and the complicated multiple organ system injuries not normally experienced at most civilian trauma centers. Therefore, an understanding about the effects of blast trauma by spine surgeons in the community has become imperative, as the battlefield has been brought closer to home in many countries through domestic terrorism and mass casualty situations, with the lines blurred between military and civilian trauma. We set out to provide the spine surgeon with a brief overview on the use of IEDs for terrorism and the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and also a perspective on the biophysics of blast trauma.
Paternity and Pedigree, from Superfecundation to “Test-Tube” Babies

Disputed paternity is not an uncommon occurrence, to judge by the 1000 cases referred to by Terasaki et al. in this issue of the Journal. What makes their work of special note is the confirmation o...
Surveillance for Transplant Coronary Artery Disease in Infant, Child and Adolescent Heart Transplant Recipients: An Intravascular Ultrasound Study

Background Transplant coronary arteriopathy (TCAD) limits graft survival after heart transplantation in adult and pediatric heart transplant recipients. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides a highly sensitive technique to detect TCAD. However, its use to determine factors associated with TCAD in pediatric recipients has been limited and its utility in surveillance for symptomatic TCAD in this population is uncertain. Methods One hundred fifty-eight IVUS studies from 66 patients (27 1 year at time of transplant) were performed 12 to 144 months after transplantation within the routine surveillance for TCAD. Maximal intimal thickness (MIT) and intimal index (II) were measured, and the Stanford classification was utilized to grade overall severity of disease. Mixed repeated-measures linear regression models were used to investigate the main and interaction effects of age at transplant, age at time of study, time since transplant and rejection events. Results Age at catheterization ( p = 0.0002), transplantation at age >12 months ( p = 0.014), increasing time after transplantation ( p = 0.021) and the combination of late rejection and hemodynamic compromising rejection ( p = 0.05) were significantly associated with increasing MIT. Age at catheterization ( p = 0.0149), transplantation at age >12 months ( p = 0.016), time from transplantation ( p = 0.0076) and rejection with hemodynamic compromise ( p = 0.01) were significantly associated with increased II. Nine patients developed evidence of severe (Stanford Class 4) TCAD by IVUS, but only 2 (22%) developed symptomatic TCAD, with a median follow-up of 44 months. Four of the 7 patients who developed symptomatic TCAD had no or minimal TCAD (Stanford Class 0 or 1) on a surveillance examination within 18 months of the onset of symptoms. Conclusions Increasing time after transplantation, recipient age and age at transplantation as well as rejection history, especially rejection with hemodynamic compromise, are associated with the development of TCAD as detected by IVUS in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Severe TCAD detected by IVUS does not often rapidly progress to symptomatic TCAD. Symptomatic TCAD may develop rapidly even in patients with little or no TCAD detected by IVUS.
Quadricuspid pulmonic valve found on well exam

Quadricuspid pulmonic valve (QPV) is almost always a benign anomaly and is therefore usually discovered incidentally on radiographic studies or post-mortem at autopsy. Because of its rarity, the true extent of the physiology of QPV is not fully understood, and the few reported cases of it may underestimate its physiological consequences. In this case, we report on a young active-duty solider who presented for a well check-up and was discovered on imaging to have a QPV. We also review the most recent literature and provide recommendations regarding the most effective diagnostic modalities.
Dynamic Studies of Central Circulation Using Radionuclides

With the development of the scintillation camera, it is now possible to record sequential radionuclide images from the precordium after injection of a high specific activity bolus of a radioactive intravascular indicator. From these images, the passage of the bolus can be visualized as it transits each of the cardiac chambers, the great vessels, and the lungs revealing both anatomic and functional characteristics of these elements of the central circulation. This qualitative technique can be used to diagnose a large number of congenital and acquired diseases of the heart and great vessels in a manner similar to contrast angiography. When a small computer is interfaced to a scintillation camera, time-activity curves can readily be generated from subregions of interest within the field of view of the detector. Quantitative analysis of these curves gives important and clinically useful functional information relative to the heart and circulation including cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and pulmonary blood volume. In addition, the size of intracardiac shunts can be quantified and certain wall-motion abnormalities can be detected and evaluated.
Synthesis of the N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-O-triisopropylsilyl-D-pyrrolosamine Glycal of Lomaiviticin A & B via Epimerization of L-Threonine

An efficient synthesis of the N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-O-triisopropylsilyl-D-pyrrolosamine glycal of lomaiviticin A (1) and lomaiviticin B (2) is described. The synthesis is highlighted by the epimerization of the L-threonine-derived oxazolidine 10 to oxazolidine 11. This key epimerization reaction, which serves to establish the correct relative configuration of the carbohydrate unit, was made possible only after conformational analysis indicated that substituted oxazolidines may adopt conformations that preclude enolization.
Economic evaluation of a multicompartment bioreactor for ethanol production using in situ extraction of ethanol

We have previously described a multicompartment reactor that can be used with yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for ethanol production from a starch hydrolysate. By separating a solvent layer (tri-normal-butylphosphate, or TBP) from a cell layer, ethanol was extractedin situ and phase toxicity was prevented. Pressure cycling of the gas phase can be used to reduce significantly mass-transfer limitations that often limit entrapped-cell systems. A preliminary economic evaluation shows that with TBP the multicompartment reactor is generally more economically favorable at low volumes, and the traditional system is more favorable at high volumes. Improved solvents can increase economic viability at high volumes (108 L/yr of 95% ethanol).
Management of Undergraduate Psychology Internships

Pitfalls and rewards for teachers operating or planning internship programs are assessed by these two experienced intern supervisors.
The Effects of Scenario Planning on Participant Perceptions of Creative Organizational Climate

This research reports on the effects of scenario planning on participant perceptions of organizational creative climate. Participants from scenario planning projects in four different organizations were asked to contribute to the study as well as participants from four similar organizations that did not receive scenario planning. The scenario work took place over the course of 3 months and data were collected as pre- and posttests. Comparisons were made that suggest some significant changes over the course of the intervention period for the intervention group, but not for the comparison group. Results and limitations are discussed in detail and recommendations for future research are provided.
TEMPERATURE PROFILING: SOLUTION TO PROBLEMS OF CO-EXTRUSION WITH WHEY PROTEINS1

Corn meal was extruded with whey protein isolate (WPI) using high shear extrusion processing conditions and preset barrel temperatures ranging from 100 to 150C. High shear resulted in increased melt temperatures producing two temperature-dependent product responses. WPI was added to corn meal at concentrations of 15, 25 and 35%, and their effect on melt temperatures was recorded. Moisture loss, expansion, texture and color were recorded. There was a significant (P 140C), where browning was expected. The melt temperature of a WPI substituted corn meal measured at the die was the best indicator of quality, and correlated highly with physical attributes.
Inferences for the Cauchy distribution based on maximum likelihood estimators

SUMMARY Tables, based on maximum likelihood estimators, are presented which enable one to obtain confidence intervals and test hypotheses about parameters of the Cauchy distribution. The difficulty in obtaining the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters is discussed. Comparisons between the maximum likelihood estimators and the best linear unbiased estimators are presented.
Origin of endocrine‐metabolic changes in the weanling rat ventromedial syndrome

The origin of endocrine-metabolic changes in the weanling rat ventromedial syndrome is reviewed. Destruction of the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMN) without injury to the median eminence results in a series of somatic endocrine and metabolic changes characterized by normal food and water intake decreased linear growth normal body weight increased carcass fat and reduced carcass protein lean body mass and water. The endocrine alterations comprise hyperinsulinemia in the face of normoglycemia hypertriglyceridemia cholesterolemia and reduced growth hormone levels. Metabolic changes include greater oxidation of glucose and incorporation into lipid and reduced palmitate oxidation and increased incorporation into lipid. Nocturnal feeding and weight gain cycles are disrupted and locomotor activity is reduced. The VMN are involved in the long-term control of feeding as shown by intragastric preloading studies and dietary density manipulations gluco se preference tests and ip injections with glucose. In the presence of subnormal food intake and plasma glucose levels hyperinsulinemia and hy pertriglyceridemia are are present 4 days after the VMN. Data revealed that the hyperlipidemia is of both endogenous and exogenous origin and that lipoprotein lipase is increased. Glucose oxidation and incorporation into adipose tissue increased in several tissues in vitro and there was inhanced glucose disappearance from plasma and incorporation into tissue lipids in vivo. It is concluded that the weaning rat ventromedial syndrome appears to be the result of a hypothalamic-autonomic nervous system disturbance rather than due to a disruption of "classic" neuroendocrine mechanisms.
Patient Attitudes Regarding Consent for Emergency Department Computed Tomographies

Introduction: Little is known about patient attitudes towards informed consent for computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department (ED). We set out to determine ED patient attitudes about providing informed consent for CTs.Methods: In this cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey study, we evaluated a convenience sample of patients’ attitudes about providing informed consent for having a CT at 2 institutional sites. Historically, at our institutional network, patients received a CT at approximately 25% of their ED visits. The survey consisted of 17 “yes/no” or multiple-choice questions. The primary outcome question was “which type of informed consent do you feel is appropriate for a CT in the Emergency Department?”Results: We analyzed 300 survey responses, which represented a 90% return rate of surveys distributed. Seventy-seven percent thought they should give their consent prior to receiving a CT, and 95% were either comfortable or very comfortable with their physician making the decision regarding whether they needed a CT. Forty percent of the patients felt that a general consent was appropriate before receiving a CT in the ED, while 34% thought a verbal consent was appropriate and 15% percent thought a written consent was appropriate. Seventy-two percent of the ED patients didn’t expect to receive a CT during their ED visit and 30% of the ED patients had previously provided consent prior to receiving a CT. Conclusion: Most patients feel comfortable letting the doctor make the decision regarding the need for a CT. Most ED patients feel informed consent should occur before receiving a CT but only a minority feel the consent should be written and specific to the test. [West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(1):14–19.]
Review of Advances in Longitudinal Methods in the Social and Behavioral Sciences, edited by Jeffrey R. Harring and Gregory R. Hancock

Advances in Longitudinal Methods in the Social and Behavioral Sciences is an exploration of innovations in longitudinal methods from many eminent quantitative researchers. The book builds out of a ...
Transition From GMR to AMR at the Percolation Threshold in Ferrite-Magnetic Alloy Composites

A thermal spray process has been developed for the deposition of ferrites and highly anisotropic composites of magnetic alloys and ferrites. The critical volume fraction for conduction is at 5 to 10 volumetric percent (vol.%) metal in these thick films as compared to 33 vol.% in isotropic mixtures of spheroidal particles. The low percolation threshold and highly anisotropic transport properties are associated with the unusual microstructure of thermal spray coatings which are composed of lamellar splats stacked one upon the other. By varying the volume fraction of metal in these composites it is possible to drastically change the electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties of these coatings. In the sintered mixture the conductivity increases rapidly when the metal volume fraction reaches about 33 vol.% whereas in the thermal spray coating the conductivity increase occurs at metal fractions of about 2-6 vol.%. The magnetoresistance was measured in the parallel, perpendicular and transverse geometry in each case in fields up to 2 kilogauss. There is a clear and sharp transition from giant magnetoresistance (GMR) (negative ΔR/R) to anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) at the percolation threshold in both cases. These results show that the GMR comes from the scattering of weakly exchange coupled spins in the polycrystalline ferrite which can be aligned in high fields decreasing the resistance. The AMR is in the conductive metallic phase and its field dependence is mainly controlled by the shape anisotropy of the disk shaped splats as expected.
Protonospheric columnar electron content determination. I - Analysis.

A combination of phase-path length difference and Faraday rotation angle data obtained from geostationary satellite transmissions is used to determine the integration constant necessary to convert phase-path length difference information into absolute values of total slant columnar electron content. The total content thus determined, which is the sum of the ionospheric and protonospheric contents, is measured with uncertainties about one order of magnitude smaller than the value of the protonospheric content. It is thus, in principle, possible to determine the latter by subtracting from the measurement the so-called 'Faraday content.' This idea, proposed by several authors in the past, is critically examined in the present paper. It is impossible to totally eliminate the ionospheric contribution to the measurements; however, it is shown that the degree of elimination depends on the type of distribution of the longitudinal component of the geomagnetic field along the path of observation. Satisfactory minimization of the ionospheric contribution can be accomplished only under certain geometries of observation.
Rituximab for adolescents with haemophilia and high titre inhibitors.

Summary. Neutralizing alloantibodies (inhibitors) to factor VIII or factor IX develop in approximately 25% of patients with haemophilia A and <3% of patients with haemophilia B treated with factor concentrate. Patients with high titre inhibitors, in whom immune tolerance therapy fails, have few treatment options. Targeted anti-B-cell therapy with rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20) has been useful in several antibody-mediated autoimmune states. Case reports of rituximab treatment in small numbers of haemophilia patients with inhibitors have been inconclusive. We describe three adolescent patients with severe haemophilia and inhibitors treated with four weekly doses of rituximab, 375 mg m−2. Treatment with rituximab was effective in reducing the inhibitor titre in two of three patients. Rituximab may be beneficial for patients with severe haemophilia and inhibitors in whom standard therapies have failed, but larger prospective studies are required to determine safety, efficacy and predictors of success.
HP Smart Print

We present HP SmartPrint, a novel web browser plug-in which automatically suggests print-worthy content within a web page and provides an intuitive UI for users to make corrections to the initial suggestion, if needed. The resulting prints contain only user desired content and excludes noise such as ads, thus increasing the desirability of the prints while minimizing the cost. This solution provides a streamlined web printing experience and will be shipping with most HP printers starting in 2011.
White-tailed deer movement and distribution about surface coal mines in West Virginia, USA

Deer movements around surface coal mines were investigated in Preston Country, West Virginia, USA. Seventy-two deer crossings were counted on 29 surface mines with only 8% found on highwalls with more than 20% rock or stone. Thus, although slope was important, the percentage of dirt on the highwall determined use as a crossing location for deer. The average distance between all deer crossing was 209.7 m but the distance between the end of the highwall and the nearest highwall crossing was 248.7 m indicating reluctance of deer to cross mines when they could walk around them. Winter snow track counts showed fewer deer within 90 m of the top edge of the highwall. Four land bridges traversed the highwall and were heavily utilized by deer, especially in March, April, May, October and November. The surface mine bench was used as a fawn bedding area, but little feeding occurred on this portion of the mine.
Abstract 5520: Thermally targeted proapoptotic peptide for cancer therapy

Peptide based therapy is a promising field of anti-cancer therapy. The biologically active therapeutic peptides, derived from an endogenous protein or designed synthetically, can inhibit or activate important cellular pathways to promote cancer cell death. The major challenges of peptide based therapy are stability and tumor-specificity of the therapeutic peptides. One of the methods to increase stability and target the therapeutic peptide to the tumor site is to utilize stimulus-responsive macromolecular carriers. We have designed a therapeutic peptide, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK) 2 based on the thermally responsive biopolymer, elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and the mitochondrial membrane disrupting proapoptotic peptide, (KLAKLAK) 2 . Additionally, a cell penetrating peptide, SynB1 has been included in the N-terminus of this polypeptide in order to increase the polypeptide9s membrane permeability. SynB1 is an 18-mer peptide derived from protegrins, which are antimicrobial peptides found in porcine leukocytes. The utilities of ELP are two-fold - 1) it is a macromolecule and therefore can provide stability to the overall polypeptide system, and 2) it is thermally responsive and therefore can be targeted to the tumor site by external application of local hyperthermia. The unique phase transition property of ELP allows it to remain soluble at physiological temperature but forces it to aggregate in response to mild hyperthermia (40 - 42 °C). Therefore, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK) 2 can be targeted to solid tumors by the application of local hyperthermia without being degraded before reaching the tumor. The anti-proliferative effect of SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK) 2 was examined in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. While the polypeptide was not cytotoxic to cells at 37 °C, it killed about 40% of cells at 42 °C after 6 days with two one hour treatments. Similar treatment schedule resulted in approximately 4-fold increase in apoptosis induction at 42 °C compared to 37 °C. Confocal microscopy showed that SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK) 2 localizes in the mitochondria which supports the mitochondrial membrane disrupting feature of the (KLAKLAK) 2 peptide. In conclusion, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK) 2 localizes in the mitochondria and inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in combination with hyperthermia by inducing apoptosis. Further studies include determining the proapoptotic effects of SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK) 2 in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5520.
Inelastic scattering in the trajectory approximation and its improvements

Abstract We analyze several versions of the trajectory approximation for He scattering from non-corrugated surfaces. We find that under typical conditions used in the study of simple metal surfaces all the formulations we consider lead to similar results. However, the exponentiated DWBA and various eikonal approximations correctly predict a shift of the average energy transfer with surface temperature, while the simple specular TA does not. We obtain a modified Brako-Newns formula for the energy and momentum distribution in the classical limit. We report calculations carried out for Pt(111) and Cu(111) under conditions of experimental interest and we discuss the importance of multiphonon processes and the contribution of various surface correlation functions.
Noise predictions for STM in systems with local electron nematic order

We propose that thermal noise in local stripe orientation should be readily detectable via STM on systems in which local stripe orientations are strongly affected by quenched disorder. Stripes, a unidirectional, nanoscale modulation of electronic charge, are strongly affected by quenched disorder in two-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional systems. While stripe orientations tend to lock to major lattice directions, dopant disorder locally breaks rotational symmetry. In a host crystal with otherwise ${C}_{4}$ rotational symmetry, stripe orientations in the presence of quenched disorder map to the random field Ising model. While the low-temperature state of such a system is generally a stripe glass in two dimensional or strongly layered systems, as the temperature is raised, stripe orientational fluctuations become more prevalent. We propose that these thermally excited fluctuations should be readily detectable in scanning tunneling spectroscopy as telegraph noise in the high-voltage part of the local $I(V)$ curves. We predict the spatial, temporal, and thermal evolution of such noise, including the circumstances under which such noise is most likely to be observed. In addition, we propose an in situ test, amenable to any local scanning probe, for assessing whether such noise is due to correlated fluctuations rather than independent switchers.