cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics of long distance runners Comparison of left ventricular function with age- and sex-matched controls

Nineteen long distance runners and 19 age- and sex-matched sedentary controls were evaluated by echocardiography and electrocardiography (ECG) at rest and after 12 minutes of treadmill exercise. Seven of ten male athletes exhibited ECG abnormalities of prominent precordial voltage, early repolarization, and one had right ventricle hypertrophy; only three of nine females had ECG abnormalities.The resting and postexercise heart rates and blood pressures were lower in athletes than controls ( P < 0.001). The athletes increased their left ventricular end-diastolic volume and stroke volume and had a moderate increase in heart rate. Controls markedly increased only their heart rate to the same level of exercise. One female athlete and one female control had 1 mm of ST segment depression with exercise.The right ventricular wall thickness was equal to or greater than 6 mm in athletes versus equal to or less than 5 mm in controls. The left ventricular wall was thicker in athletes than controls, the resultant left ...
Intranuclear bodies in neurons of the periaqueductal gray matter in the cat

The nucleoplasm of neurons in the nucleus lateralis of the periaqueductal gray matter in the cat contains fibrillar structures which have no limiting membranes. These intranuclear bodies are associated with neither the nucleolus nor the nuclear membrane and have two characteristic forms. The first, the rodlet, is a compact bundle of fibrils 2 to 8 nm in diameter. It is usually elongated in shape although it appears spherical when sectioned transversely. This rodlike structure appears to correspond to Roncoroni's rodlet or the accessory body of Cajal in light microscopy. The second and more commonly observed form is a long slender bundle of five rows of parallel fibrils. Although similar intranuclear structures have frequently been observed in the highly differentiated neurons of the sympathetic ganglia and the retina, this is the first report of their presence in the undifferentiated neurons of the isodendritic core of the brainstem.
Photosystem II Heterogeneity in Chloroplasts

Two aspects of photosystem II (PSII) heterogeneity are discussed. (A) The PSII antenna heterogeneity refers to the existence of PSII centers with distinct photosynthetic unit size. Measurements of PSII antenna size in developing chloroplasts, in Chl b-less and Chl b-deficient mutants, and in mature higher plant chloroplasts indicated the existence of three distinct populations of PSII centers: PSIIα with a total of 210 (or more) chlorophyll (a+b) molecules; PSIIβ with a total of 120 Chl (a+b) molecules. In the absence of Chl b, a PSII complex containing only 50 Chl a molecules (PSII-50) was identified. A developmental relationship among PSII-50, PSIIβ and PSIIα is proposed. According to this hypothesis, the formation of the complete PSII unit involves the assembly of three modular complexes (PSII-50, LHC II-inner, and LHC II-peripheral). Addition of LHC II-inner to PSII-50 yields PSIIβ. Addition of LHC II-peripheral to PSIIβ yields PSIIα. The relative proportion of PSII centers with the three antenna configurations depends on the developmental stage of the chloroplast and on the availability of Chl b. Mature wild type chloroplasts contain PSIIα (75–80% of the total PSII) and PSIIβ (20–25% of the total PSII). (B) The PSII reducing side heterogeneity refers to the existence of PSĪI centers with impaired Q to QB electron transfer interaction (QB-nonreducing centers). The fraction of PSII-QB-nonreducing centers is small (20–25% of the total PSII) as tested in several chloroplast preparations. This steady state concentration of QB-nonreducing centers appears independent of the developmental stage of the chloroplast and also independent of the PSII photosynthetic unit size. In mature spinach chloroplasts, PSIIβ and PSII-QB-nonreducing centers constitute one and the same pool of PSII centers. It is proposed that PSII-QB-nonreducing centers represent newly synthesized and/or repaired PSII centers which have not yet established a functional interaction between QȦ and QB.
Comparison of behavioral treatment conditions in buprenorphine maintenance

Background and aims The Controlled Substances Act requires physicians in the United States to provide or refer to behavioral treatment when treating opioid-dependent individuals with buprenorphine; however, no research has examined the combination of buprenorphine with different types of behavioral treatments. This randomized controlled trial compared the effectiveness of four behavioral treatment conditions provided with buprenorphine and medical management (MM) for the treatment of opioid dependence. Design After a 2-week buprenorphine induction/stabilization phase, participants were randomized to one of four behavioral treatment conditions provided for 16 weeks: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT = 53); contingency management (CM = 49); both CBT and CM (CBT + CM = 49); and no additional behavioral treatment (NT = 51). Setting Study activities occurred at an outpatient clinical research center in Los Angeles, California, USA. Participants Included were 202 male and female opioid-dependent participants.Measurements Primary outcome was opioid use, measured as a proportion of opioidnegativeurineresultsoverthenumberof testspossible.Secondaryoutcomesincluderetention,withdrawalsymptoms, craving,otherdruguseandadverseevents.Findings Nogroupdifferencesinopioidusewerefoundforthebehavioral treatment phase (χ 2 = 1.25, P = 0.75), for a second medication-only treatment phase, or at weeks 40 and 52 followups. Analyses revealed no differences across groups for any secondary outcome. Conclusion There remains no clear evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy and contingency management reduce opiate use when added to buprenorphine and medical management in opiate users seeking treatment.
Comment on Plough, Sword, and Book: The Structure of Human History

ture of human history." 1988 was an inauspicious time to bring out such a book. Imagine just how many authors had to subject their manuscripts for revision over the course of the last two years. Imagine how many arguments had to be put into reverse, how much evidence had to be re-scrambled, and how many conclusions had to be inverted. Save for a comment here and there, Professor Gellner's study withstands the events of 1989 and 1990 quite well. Plough, Sword, and Book, the work of a remarkable intelligence, brings to our attention an important feature of modernity, one that certainly has a key role in precipitating the tremendous events of the last two years. This is the rational cognizing of experience in pursuit of practical ends. Gellner provides his readers with numerous, ingenious illustrations of the way in which modern cognition has been a sometimes innovative and sometimes disruptive force that has transformed social institutions and cultural traditions over the last few centuries. My further remarks, however, are not intended to pay homage to Gellner's considerable accomplishment. Rather I will argue that the framework of Plough, Sword, and Book makes it exceedingly difficult to see that modern cognition, as an aspect of social thought and action, always comes in the company of normative beliefs, if not ideological convictions. Instead, Gellner's "structure of history" perpetuates a myth of the gradual differentiation of the rational cognizing of experience from belief and conviction. The problem first appears on page 1 where Gellner describes his objectives. His study, he writes, is to be an experiment in
Ca2+ clock malfunction in a canine model of pacing-induced heart failure.

The mechanisms of sinoatrial node (SAN) dysfunction in heart failure (HF) remain unclear. We hypothesized that impaired rhythmic spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release (Ca2+ clock) plays a...
A posterior matching scheme for finite-state channels with feedback

For a memoryless channel, although feedback cannot increase capacity, it can reduce the complexity and/or improve the error performance of a communication system. Recently, Shayevitz and Feder proposed the posterior matching scheme (PMS) which is a simple recursive transmission scheme that achieves the capacity of memoryless channels with feedback. Furthermore, Coleman provided a Lyapunov function approach to prove capacity achievability of the PMS. In this paper, we investigate a capacity-achieving PMS for the case of finite-state channels (FSCs). We first derive a single-letter expression for the capacity of the FSC with delayed output and state feedback by formulating the problem in a stochastic control framework. The resulting capacity expression can be evaluated using dynamic programming. We then propose a simple recursive PMS-like transmission scheme. To prove capacity achievability of the proposed PMS, we identify an appropriate Markov chain induced by the PMS.
A logic of arbitrary and indefinite objects

A Logic of Arbitrary and Indefinite Objects, LA, has been developed as the logic for knowledge representation and reasoning systems designed to support natural language understanding and generation, and commonsense reasoning. The motivations for the design of LA are given, along with an informal introduction to the theory of arbitrary and indefinite objects, and to LA itself. LA is then formally defined by presenting its syntax, proof theory, and semantics, which are given via a translation scheme between LA and the standard classical First-Order Predicate Logic. Soundness is proved. The completeness theorem for LA is stated, and its proof is sketched. LA is being implemented as the logic of SNePS 3, the latest member of the SNePS family of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning systems.
Administrative Law and Governmentality: Politics and Discretion in a Changing State of Sovereignty

This essay juxtaposes two discourses: administrative law and governmentality. Governmentality, a study originating with Michel Foucault, might be defined as a study of how practices of individuality become invested by relations of power such that individuals and families come to enact socially prescribed duties as their own concern. Administrative law is situated at the intersection where the constitutional state, with its rights and limits, interfaces with dominant modalities of governmentality: the risks associated with globalization and needs of the security state. With the end of the New Deal era, administrative law is called upon to adjudicate new issues in the economy of risk management. In this highly discretionary new arena administrators might find both new dangers and new opportunities for democratic action. However, these possibilities depend upon not accepting rigid formalistic definitions of federal/state, public/private, politics/administration, society/individual, or economic/noneconomic.
A Revolution Too Soon: Woman Suffragists and the 'Living Constitution'

From 1869 to 1875, activists associated with the National Woman Suffrage Association, including Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, argued that the United States Constitution guaranteed women's right to vote. This article argues that this movement - which the suffragists termed the New Departure - rested on an innovative theory of constitutional interpretation that would become the dominant mode of constitutional construction in the twentieth century. Now recognizable as living constitutionalism, the suffragists' approach to constitutional interpretation was harshly critical of originalism - the dominant mode of nineteenth-century interpretation - and proposed to construe textual language to keep up with changing societal needs. This Article analyzes the intellectual currents that made plausible the suffragists' embrace of an evolutionary interpretive methodology, traces the development of the suffragists' approach as they fought for the franchise in Congress and in the courts, and reveals how radical suffragists encountered the obstacles of originalism at every turn. Correcting the error of constitutional historians who assert that living constitutionalism first emerged in the Progressive Era, this Article stakes a claim for recognizing woman suffragists as important innovators at the forefront of modern constitutional thought, even as they failed in their effort to gain the franchise through a novel interpretive method.
CIRCULATION IN ESTUARIES

In discussing the circulation in estuaries, an apparent paradox must always be kept in mind. In the first place the problems of estuarine circulation are unique, being different from the problems of the open sea, and from the problems of river hydrology. Estuarine circulation and related problems consequently constitute a valid field for investigation. In contrast to this viewpoint is the tremendous range of conditions found in various estuaries - no two are alike. This inherent variability of estuaries discourages generalizations about the circulation.
Probability Distributions of Field Crop Yields

After first establishing an “a priori” expectation of nonnormality, the paper presents statistical analyses of several experimental series of field crop yields. This clinical examination suggests the following plausible inferences: The several series may be regarded as more or less random samples from stable parent probability distributions. Both normality and lognormality appear to be exceptions rather than the rule with respect to those distributions that may properly be inferred from the stochastic properties of the several series. The Pearson system of probability density functions is then applied to the data. The sample moments imply the type I (generalized Beta) skewed function of limited range as the general case. Estimates of this function are obtained for each series. The degree of skewness and kurtosis is shown to depend on nitrogen level. Implications for farm planning are discussed. Each statistical technique used is described and critically reviewed.
Design of peptidic and non-peptidic CD4 inhibitors as novel immunotherapeutic agents [1–5]

We have proposed the CC’ loop as an important functional epitope on the CD4 surface for intermolecular binding, and found that small peptide mimics of this epitope are sufficient to interrupt a larger protein-protein interface. In particular, a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide (CNSNQIC) has been shown to closely mimic the CC’ surface epitope, effectively block CD4-MHC class II-dependent cell rosetting, possess significant immunosuppressive activity in vitro and in vivo, and strongly resists proteolytic degradation. These findings have demonstrated a general approach of bioactive peptide design by the functional mimicry of protein surface epitopes to generate potential novel therapeutic agents.
Criminal Justice and the Life Course

In this essay, we use Elder’s core concepts of context, timing, interdependency, and agency to examine the influence of the Criminal Justice System on the life course. In our review, we place the modern criminal justice system in historical context, examine the role it plays in driving life course outcomes and in the creation of social inequality. In so doing, we argue that the expansion of the criminal justice system since the 1970s in the United States has placed it alongside other important social institutions, such as the family, schools, and the labor market, in powerfully structuring not only the lives of former felons and inmates, but also those connected to them.
THE EFFECT OF MICROJET CONTROL ON AEROACOUSTICS OF SUPERSONIC TWIN JETS

A method of mitigating the acoustic and aerodynamic fluctuations of ideally expanded twin jets has been proposed. As a means of control microjets were used at the nozzle exit. The effect of the controlling method on the flow field and acoustic field was investigated. Particle Image Velocimetry was used as the main tool for flow field diagnostics. The results show that the predominant unsteady character of the twin jets were reduced considerably due to the elimination of large scale organized structures with the introduction of the control. The turbulence levels show 50% decrease in turbulent kinetic energy in the mixing region of the jet. Consequently, up to 4 dB reductions in Over All Sound Pressure Level of jet noise was observed. The reduction in noise and turbulence was accompanied by a decrease of 20% in the entrainment of the ambient fluid around the jet.
A SYSTEM CONCEPT FOR COORDINATED LEADER-FOLLOWER RPV GUIDANCE

A system concept is identified for the the task of position regulation of unmanned aircraft, relative to a single leader aircraft. Rationale for development of the concept stems from the potential to share high-quality navigation information from the leader aircraft with a number of inexpensive follower RPV's; this may allow for cost-effective and accurate delivery of multiple aircraft to a target destination. A detailed simulation of the SYMDEL RPV is used to demonstrate proof-of-principle; decoupled classical control laws and a hybrid skid-to-turnbankto-turn guidance policy are developed for the position regulation task. Simulation results demonstrate the viability of the technical approach; positive and stable station-keeping performance is shown throughout a simulated tactical-length mission.
Dynamic network equilibrium for daily activity-trip chains of heterogeneous travelers: application to large-scale networks

Applications of dynamic network equilibrium models have, mostly, considered the unit of traffic demand either as one-way trip, or as multiple independent trips. However, individuals’ travel patterns typically follow a sequence of trips chained together. In this study we aim at developing a general simulation-based dynamic network equilibrium algorithm for assignment of activity-trip chain demand. The trip chain of each individual trip maker is defined by the departure time at origin, sequence of activity destination locations, including the location of their intermediate destinations and their final destination, and activity duration at each of the intermediate destinations. Spatial and temporal dependency of subsequent trips on each other necessitate time and memory consuming calculations and storage of node-to-node time-dependent least generalized cost path trees, which is not practical for very large metropolitan area networks. We first propose a reformulation of the trip-based demand gap function formulation for the variational inequality formulation of the Bi-criterion Dynamic User Equilibrium (BDUE) problem. Next, we propose a solution algorithm for solving the BDUE problem with daily chain of activity-trips. Implementation of the algorithm for very large networks circumvents the need to store memory-intensive node-to-node time-dependent shortest path trees by implementing a destination-based time-dependent least generalized cost path finding algorithm, while maintaining the spatial and temporal dependency of subsequent trips. Numerical results for a real-world large scale network suggest that recognizing the dependency of multiple trips of a chain, and maintaining the departure time consistency of subsequent trips provide sharper drops in gap values, hence, the convergence could be achieved faster (compared to when trips are considered independent of each other).
Analysis on riding violations and gather status among high school students in Puyang city

Objective To investigate riding violations and gather status among high school students in Puyang City,and to provide basis for the development of appropriate interventions. Methods 4 361 high school students were extracted by stratified cluster random sampling method in Puyang. " Chinese adolescent health-related behavior questionnaire" were anonymously filled by them. Results Over the past 30 days,the reporting rate of cycling irregularities was 62. 9%,among which male students was62. 3% and female students was 63. 6%. 6 kinds of cycling violation reporting rates from high to low rates were: riding bike with someone on the back( 54. 8%),retrograde( 16. 5%),hands away from the handlebars( 12. 2%),red light running / jaywalking( 10. 5%),chasing and slapstick( 9. 9%),and clinging to other vehicles( 7. 6%). The degree of aggregation of individual behaviors in boys was higher than girls. High school students was higher than junior school students. Urban areas was higher than rural areas( P 0. 05). There was positive correlation between riding violations and severe harm( P 0. 05). Conclusion Reporting rate of riding violations in Puyang city is rather high,high school boys are high risk groups. Scientific intervention measures should be taken to train high school students to form the habit of consciously abiding by traffic regulations.
267 TIME DEPENDENCE OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELL CONTRACTILE FORCE GENERATION.

The contractile force generated by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contributes to the liver9s injury response. It has been postulated that HSC contractility increases with time of injury. Our aim was to test this hypothesis by directly quantitating contractile force generation by HSCs in primary culture, a well-characterized liver injury model. Method HSCs were grown in primary culture for 1, 4, 8, and 12 days prior to experimentation to simulate the injury response. One million HSCs were placed within a 3-dimensional collagen gel for 3 days, attached to a force transducer, and mounted in an organ bath containing serum-free media for 1 hour. Gels containing HSCs were stimulated with 2 nM endothelin 1 (ET). Force development was recorded digitally. Select gels were then fixed, and microscopic cross-sections were cut and stained with toluidine blue. Micrographs were taken and the number of cells within each cross-section was determined. Results 2 nM ET-stimulated HSC contractile force development in a dose-dependent manner (Table). The number of HSCs in each cross-section was time dependent (Table). Conclusion We have for the first time directly measured the force generated by HSCs after a range of days in culture. Both the force of contraction and the number of cells within a cross-section of a gel increased with the number of days in culture. This suggests that the time-dependent increase in force generation may be due to an increase in HSC number rather than an increase in force generated by each cell.
The Ethical Treatment of Rosamond and Dorothea in George Eliot's MIDDLEMARCH

Middlemarch: A Study in Provincial Life is a realist bildungsroman in which, according to Patsy Stoneman, “events in the novel must not outrage the reader's sense of poetic justice” (105) as the ev...
Evolution of docudrama on American television networks: A content analysis, 1966–1978

This study defines the new hybrid program, documentary‐drama or docudrama, which combines elements of drama with the television documentary. Despite recent criticism of this form, content analysis of 12 TV seasons demonstrates the growth and viability of docudrama. This new form has emerged at a time when the traditional documentary on commercial television is on the wane. The study briefly outlines the antecedents of docudrama, traces its revival in recent years, and provides a quantitative description of its evolution.
Investigating issues of on-chip voltage regulator in nanoscale integrated circuits

Voltage regulation in system-on-chip has turned into a very critical challenge for nanoscale IC designers. It is imperative that for multi-core implementation on-chip voltage regulator offers enormous benefits. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using on-chip regulators as well as their functional operation. Furthermore, it introduces the technique of using a hot swap controller along with an N-channel MOSFET to monitor and control the inrush current in the circuit, and reduce the voltage droop. Simulations show how the controller reduces the voltage droop in the circuit. Here, an overview of current technology and different types of regulators used in the design of micro- and nano-electronic systems is presented. Specific emphasis is given to switching regulators since they are the preferred topology for on-chip integration. The primary goal of this work is to identify the issues associated with on-chip regulators.
Progress and paradox for women in US higher education

Gender, and especially the status of women, is certainly one of the most salient identities in all corners of the world. For some countries, the issues begin with the right to education at even the earliest ages. In the United States, there is a prevailing assumption, because women are a majority of the undergraduate and graduate populations in higher education that a threshold concerning access and equity has been reached. The story of gender, however, is a more complex one. This article will focus on the parallel notions of significant progress in some domains for women in higher education and the paradox that depending on the level, and depending on which women, progress and in some cases lack of progress is clear. The article will review changes over the last decades and address the deeper issues of institutional transformation and the emerging issues for policy including conceptualizations of gender.
Hoofdpijn en SOLK

In dit hoofdstuk staat hoofdpijn zonder specifieke oorzaak, ook wel spanningshoofdpijn genoemd, centraal. Het onderscheid met andere vormen van hoofdpijn komt eveneens aan bod, zowel in de diagnostiek als in het beleid. Ook wordt het beleid bij medicatieovergebruikshoofdpijn beschreven, omdat spanningshoofdpijn in 50 % de aanleiding is voor medicatieovergebruikshoofdpijn. Medicatieovergebruikshoofdpijn kent een duidelijke verklaring en is daarmee geen SOLK in engere zin.
Construction and Setup of a Bench-scale Algal Photosynthetic Bioreactor with Temperature, Light, and pH Monitoring for Kinetic Growth Tests

The optimal design and operation of photosynthetic bioreactors (PBRs) for microalgal cultivation is essential for improving the environmental and economic performance of microalgae-based biofuel production. Models that estimate microalgal growth under different conditions can help to optimize PBR design and operation. To be effective, the growth parameters used in these models must be accurately determined. Algal growth experiments are often constrained by the dynamic nature of the culture environment, and control systems are needed to accurately determine the kinetic parameters. The first step in setting up a controlled batch experiment is live data acquisition and monitoring. This protocol outlines a process for the assembly and operation of a bench-scale photosynthetic bioreactor that can be used to conduct microalgal growth experiments. This protocol describes how to size and assemble a flat-plate, bench-scale PBR from acrylic. It also details how to configure a PBR with continuous pH, light, and temperature monitoring using a data acquisition and control unit, analog sensors, and open-source data acquisition software.
Distance descending ordering method: An O(n) algorithm for inverting the mass matrix in simulation of macromolecules with long branches

Abstract Fixman's work in 1974 and the follow-up studies have developed a method that can factorize the inverse of mass matrix into an arithmetic combination of three sparse matrices—one of them is positive definite and needs to be further factorized by using the Cholesky decomposition or similar methods. When the molecule subjected to study is of serial chain structure, this method can achieve O ( n ) time complexity. However, for molecules with long branches, Cholesky decomposition about the corresponding positive definite matrix will introduce massive fill-in due to its nonzero structure. Although there are several methods can be used to reduce the number of fill-in, none of them could strictly guarantee for zero fill-in for all molecules according to our test, and thus cannot obtain O ( n ) time complexity by using these traditional methods. In this paper we present a new method that can guarantee for no fill-in in doing the Cholesky decomposition, which was developed based on the correlations between the mass matrix and the geometrical structure of molecules. As a result, the inverting of mass matrix will remain the O ( n ) time complexity, no matter the molecule structure has long branches or not.
Resource Allocation in Body Area Networks for Energy Harvesting Healthcare Monitoring

Health monitoring body area networks (BANs) have the potential to create a paradigm shift in providing personal healthcare “Johny, Anpalagan (IEEE Potentials 33(2):21-25, 2014) [1].” A BAN consists of multiple wireless body sensors attached to or implanted in the human body to continuously monitor the patient’s vital signs.
Off-plane polarization ordering in metal chalcogen diphosphates from bulk to monolayer

Vertically (off-plane) ferroelectric ordering in ultrathin films has been pursued for decades. We predict the existence of intrinsic vertical polarization orderings in ultrathin metal chalcogen-diphosphates (MCDs). Taking ${\mathrm{CuInP}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{6}$ as an example, the first-principles calculation and electrostatic-energy model show that, under the open-circuit boundary condition, the ground state of bulk ${\mathrm{CuInP}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{6}$ is ferroelectric (FE) while that of monolayer is antiferroelectric (AFE), and the critical thickness for this FE/AFE transition is around six layers. Interestingly, under the closed-circuit boundary condition, the FE state can hold even for monolayer. Particularly, because of the small energy difference but the large barrier between FE and AFE orderings, the FE state can be stabilized in a free-standing monolayer, giving rise to intrinsic, off-plane two-dimensional ferroelectrics. Applying Monte Carlo simulations, we further calculate the ferroelectric Curie temperature (${T}_{c}$) and electric hysteresis.
Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase gene expression in the inflammogenesis of breast cancer

We examined the expression of major inflammatory genes, cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX1, COX2) and arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) in 1090 tumor samples of invasive breast cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Mean cyclooxygenase expression (COX1 + COX2) ranked in the upper 99th percentile of all 20,531 genes and surprisingly, the mean expression of COX1 was more than tenfold higher than COX2. Highly significant correlations were observed between COX2 with eight tumor-promoting genes (EGR2, IL6, RGS2, B3GNT5, SGK1, SLC2A3, SFRP1 and ETS2) and between ALOX5 and ten tumor promoter genes (CD33, MYOF1, NLRP1, GAB3, CD4, IFR8, CYTH4, BTK, FGR, CD37). Expression of CYP19A1 (aromatase) was significantly correlated with COX2, but only in tumors positive for ER, PR and HER2. Tumor-promoting genes correlated with the expression of COX1, COX2, and ALOX5 are known to effectively increase mitogenesis, mutagenesis, angiogenesis, cell survival, immunosuppression and metastasis in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Does Malnutrition Have a Genetic Component

Malnutrition is a complex disorder, defined by an imbalance, excess, or deficiency of nutrient intake. The visible signs of malnutrition are stunted growth and wasting, but malnourished children are also more likely to have delays in neurocognitive development, vaccine failure, and susceptibility to infection. Despite malnutrition being a major global health problem, we do not yet understand the pathogenesis of this complex disorder. Although lack of food is a major contributor to childhood malnutrition, it is not the sole cause. The mother's prenatal nutritional status, enteric infections, and intestinal inflammation also contribute to the risk of childhood malnutrition and recovery. Here, we discuss another potential risk factor, host and maternal genetics, that may play a role in the risk of malnutrition via several biological pathways. Understanding the genetic risks of malnutrition may help to identify ideal targets for intervention and treatment of malnutrition.
Clinical Scenario: Recurrent Ta Tumor

Under the rubric of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) there is a variegated spectrum of disease. In this chapter, we will adhere narrowly to a single type of patient: a patient with NMIBC at high risk for recurrence and a significant potential for disease progression. Throughout this chapter we will discuss the nuances of treating a patient where, often, indications become equivocal and guidelines less than guiding.
Should Students with Severe Intellectual Disabilities Be Based in Regular or in Special Education Classrooms in Home Schools

All students with severe intellectual disabilities should attend the schools they would attend if they were not disabled; that is, their home schools. In a home school, each student must have an individualized educational program (IEP) that requires individualized instruction in chronological age-appropriate regular education classrooms; individual instruction on school grounds, but not in regular education classrooms; and individualized instruction in a wide variety of integrated nonschool environments that will actually be used during nonschool days and hours. The resources necessary to develop, maintain, and enhance an array of social relationships with nondisabled peers and others over long periods of time and individually appropriate therapy services are also considered critical components of each IEP.The focus here is whether students with severe intellectual disabilities should be based in special education classrooms or in chronological age-appropriate regular education classrooms in home schools....
Counting perfect matchings in graphs of degree 3

Counting perfect matchings is an interesting and challenging combinatorial task. It has important applications in statistical physics. As the general problem is #P complete, it is usually tackled by randomized heuristics and approximation schemes. The trivial running times for exact algorithms are O*((n−1)!!)=O*(n!!)=O*((n/2)! 2n/2) for general graphs and O*((n/2)!) for bipartite graphs. Ryser's old algorithm uses the inclusion exclusion principle to handle the bipartite case in time O*(2n/2). It is still the fastest known algorithm handling arbitrary bipartite graphs. For graphs with n vertices and m edges, we present a very simple argument for an algorithm running in time O*(1.4656m−n). For graphs of average degree 3 this is O*(1.2106n), improving on the previously fastest algorithm of Bjorklund and Husfeldt. We also present an algorithm running in time O*(1.4205m−n) or O*(1.1918n) for average degree 3 graphs. The purpose of these simple algorithms is to exhibit the power of the m−n measure. Here, we don't investigate the further improvements possible for larger average degrees by applying the measure-and-conquer method.
Healthcare Delivery Network

The healthcare market is not perfect. Patients seek high quality healthcare at low prices but providers maintain that high quality comes at high cost. Moreover, the patient often is not aware of the medical services germane to him/her, and the quality of services provided. By default, suppliers (hospitals and physicians) decide for the patients in terms of diagnostics and treatments. The information asymmetry inhibits patients from shopping around for price and quality. Health insurance, while minimizing the impact of demand shocks, does not address the quality issue. The healthcare delivery chain is therefore ripe for a major transformation in treatments and medicines, and innovations in the value chain.
Trustworthiness, Current Debates, Future Directions

This chapter unpacks the issues of trustworthiness and soundness, and explains how they can be accomplished in empirical studies that use positioning analysis. It also discusses in detail the shortcomings of positioning theory along with directions for future studies. The chapter concludes with implications and insights that positioning theory and relevant literature offer for second/foreign language classrooms and teacher education.
PoreDesigner for tuning solute selectivity in a robust and highly permeable outer membrane pore

Monodispersed angstrom-size pores embedded in a suitable matrix are promising for highly selective membrane-based separations. They can provide substantial energy savings in water treatment and small molecule bioseparations. Such pores present as membrane proteins (chiefly aquaporin-based) are commonplace in biological membranes but difficult to implement in synthetic industrial membranes and have modest selectivity without tunable selectivity. Here we present PoreDesigner, a design workflow to redesign the robust beta-barrel Outer Membrane Protein F as a scaffold to access three specific pore designs that exclude solutes larger than sucrose (>360 Da), glucose (>180 Da), and salt (>58 Da) respectively. PoreDesigner also enables us to design any specified pore size (spanning 3–10 A), engineer its pore profile, and chemistry. These redesigned pores may be ideal for conducting sub-nm aqueous separations with permeabilities exceeding those of classical biological water channels, aquaporins, by more than an order of magnitude at over 10 billion water molecules per channel per second. Monodisperse angstrom-sized membrane proteins, found in biological membranes, are difficult to implement in synthetic industrial membranes. Here authors present a pore design procedure, to redesign the robust beta-barrel Outer Membrane Protein F (OmpF) with specific solute selectivity.
Role of NADPH oxidase in cooperative reactive oxygen species generation in dopaminergic neurons induced by combined treatment with dieldrin and lindane.

Abstract Environmental exposure to the highly persistent chlorinated pesticides including dieldrin and lindane is postulated to be a risk factor to the development of Parkinson’s disease, a devastating movement disorder. We have previously reported that the combined treatment with dieldrin and lindane induces a cooperative toxicity in the rat N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells through increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the involvement of NADPH oxidase (NOX) proteins in the combined treatment with dieldrin and lindane-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated the presence of NADPH Oxidase 1 (Nox1) isoform and p67phox in N27 neurons. Furthermore, treatment with dieldrin and lindane upregulated the cellular expression of Nox1 but not p67phox protein. Functionally, dieldrin and lindane-induced ROS production was attenuated, in a dose-dependent manner, by Nox inhibitors diphenylene iodonium and apocynin. Subcellular localization analysis of Nox1 and p67phox proteins indicated colocalization of both subunits with mitochondria in untreated cells. Treatment with dieldrin and lindane further increased mitochondrial colocalization of Nox1 protein, suggesting a potentially prominent role for mitochondrial Nox1 protein in dieldrin and lindane-induced ROS generation in dopaminergic neurons and its contribution to the combined organochlorinated pesticide-induced neurotoxicity.
Loss Characterization and Analysis of High Voltage E-mode GaN HEMT in Soft-switching Application

Application of wide band gap (WBG) devices are getting a sharp rise in the recent power electronics sector, due to their superior performance when compared to silicon. Even though GaN devices provide a promising efficiency and power density numbers, but high frequency operation limits these benefits. This leaves behind a space for the realization of high frequency based soft switching topologies, which in combination with the GaN makes the converter size smaller and simultaneously efficient. In this unique combination, an accurate design and analysis to estimate the overall losses of the converter is necessary. Typical converter design process starts with the detailed loss estimation analysis, wherein the semiconductor based losses shares the major portion. Traditional analytical way of estimating the soft-switching semiconductor loss is not precise as it mainly depends on the instantaneous circuit conditions. In case of the soft-switching topology, the instantaneous switch voltage and current needs to be monitored to determine the switching loss accurately. This will result in a more realistic semiconductor loss evaluation, which will further ease in improving converter design and analysis. Hence, in this paper the soft-switching condition loss characterization and analysis involving an enhanced-mode (E-mode) GaN implemented in a conventional topology is investigated and verified.
Reduced Toxicity Conditioning Is Better Tolerated but Has Higher Graft Failure Compared to Myeloablative Conditioning in Children with Inherited Metabolic Disorders

Introduction Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a primary treatment for various inherited metabolic diseases (IMDs). Achieving stable and sustained engraftment while minimizing transplant related morbidity and mortality is critical in optimizing outcome for IMDs. Traditional regimens have used myeloablative approaches, primarily Busulfan and Cyclophosphamide (BuCy), which is associated with significant regimen related toxicity (RRT). Alternatively, reduced toxicity regimens, such as Busulfan and Fludarabine (BuFlu), have been proposed to offer similar efficacy with reduced toxicities. Objective To compare outcomes with BuCy and BuFlu based conditioning in patients with IMDs. Methods We retrospectively analyzed University of Minnesota's transplant database for patients with IMDs who underwent HSCT using BuCy (with alemtuzumab) or BuFlu (with ATG) preparative regimen from March, 2008 to September,2017. Overall survival (OS) and incidence of neutrophil and platelet recovery was determined using standard definitions. Complications such as graft failure, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, hemorrhagic cystitis and respiratory failure were compared. Graft failure includes primary and secondary aplastic graft failure, with and without autologous recovery. Incidence of viral infections post-transplant comparing two regimens were also determined. Results Total of 99 patients underwent HSCT for IMDs during the study period. Sixty-four received BuCy conditioning and 35 received BuFlu. Hurler syndrome (46%) and adrenoleukodystrophy (43%) were most common IMDs and umbilical cord blood was the most common graft source (74%). One-year OS was similar in both groups (81.2% in BuCy vs. 85.5% in BuFlu; p=0.8) with a similar incidence of grade 3-4 acute GVHD(9% vs. 6%; p=0.5) and chronic GVHD(9% vs. 7%; p=0.67). Neutrophil and platelet recovery were similar in both groups with significantly shorter duration of hospital stay noted in BuFlu cohort (median 21 d vs. 34 d, p = 0.002). Cumulative incidence of graft failure was higher with BuFlu group (29% vs 14%, p= 0.08). Significantly higher rates of second HCT was noted following BuFlu cohort (27% vs. 3%, p= 0.001). Incidence of adenoviral infection (14% vs. 0%, p=0.02) and hemorrhagic cystitis (23% vs. 3%, p=0.01) were higher in the BuCy group. T-cell engraftment occurred significantly sooner with BuCy conditioning until 1-year post transplant, donor myeloid engraftment was similar in both groups. Conclusions Reduced toxicity conditioning leads to lower rates of infections and other transplant related complications, but is associated with higher rate of graft failure in patients with IMDs. Alternate immune suppressive agents should be considered to reduce graft failure and minimize toxicities. Alternate donor options, including expanded UCB, should also be considered to improve engraftment in patients with IMDs.
Incidence and Force Application of Head Impacts in Men’s Lacrosse: A Pilot Study

Subconcussive head impacts in sport may have a greater impact on neurological degradation versus concussive hits given the repetitive nature of these head impacts. The purpose of this investigation...
THE CHERN–SIMONS INVARIANT IN THE BERRY PHASE OF A TWO BY TWO HAMILTONIAN

By varying (x,y,z) within a manifold ℳ, the positive (negative)-energy eigenvectors of the 2 × 2 Hamiltonian H = xσx + yσy + zσz (where σx,y,z are the Pauli matrices) form a U(1) fiber bundle. For certain ℳ the bundle has non-trivial topology. For example when ℳ = S2 the associated bundle has non-zero Chern number indicating that it is topologically non-trivial at the highest level. In this paper we construct a simple 2 × 2 Hamiltonian whose eigen-vector bundle exhibits a more subtle topological non-triviality when ℳ is a closed three-manifold. This non-trivial topology is characterized by non-zero Chern-Simons invariant.
Jitter-Robust Multicarrier ADC-Based Serial Link Receiver Architecture : (Invited Special Session Paper)

A multicarrier serial link receiver architecture allows for expanded symbol times to significantly relax the sampling clock jitter requirements that are currently imposing major limitations on achieving higher data rates. The proposed receiver utilizes a correlator-bank architecture with frequency channelization performed with down-conversion mixers, filters, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for digitization. Continuous frequency-domain channel allocation is achieved with the utilization of digital inter-channel interference (ICI) cancellation. A detailed receiver noise analysis is presented and transient bit-error-rate simulations are utilized to evaluate the system performance with different modulation formats used on the multicarriers. Relative to a conventional four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) system, the proposed receiver allows for a 3X improvement in jitter tolerance when operating at 64 Gb/s over a channel with 25 dB loss at 16 GHz.
Distinguishing amines with an amino acid appended resorcinarene-based cavitand

Resorcinarene-based deep cavitands including glutamic acid methyl resorcinarene (GMA) and glutamic acid undecyl resorcinarene (GUA) have been synthesised and their amine binding properties analysed...
Osteochondral Defects of the Talar Dome

Osteochondral defects in the talus are challenging to properly diagnose and treat. Nonoperative treatment is commonly the first-line treatment; however, frequently these injuries are treated surgically as they can remain symptomatic. There are several different surgical options, but the goals of surgery are the same regardless of the surgery chosen. There are three categories of surgical procedures for osteochondral defects: open reduction internal fixation, bone marrow stimulation, and transplantation/substitution. The location and character of the defect directs the choice of procedure.
Toward a New Paradigm for Religion in a Pluralist Age

The contribution introduces a new paradigm, called the “Two Pluralisms”. Religious pluralization and secularization are no longer considered as contradictions. Thus it is possible to refer to both, the plurality of religious beliefs and worldviews in the same society and plurality in terms of the discourse between religious and secular groups.
Correction to: Investigating Energy Flow in Water-Energy Storage for Hydropower Generation in Water Distribution Systems

The original version of this article unfortunately contains mistake introduced during the publishing process. The author name “M. Fayzul” should be deleted in the author group. The corrected author group is shown above.