cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 3d model retrieval method using 2d freehand sketches

In this paper, a method is proposed to retrieve desired 3D models by measuring the similarity between a user's freehand sketches and 2D orthogonal views generated from 3D models. The proposed method contains three parts: (1) pose determination of a 3D model; (2) 2D orthogonal view generation along the orientations; and (3) similarity measurement between a user's sketches and the 2D views. Users can submit one, two or three views intuitively as a query, which are similar to the three main views in engineering drawing. It is worth pointing point out that our method only needs three views, while 13 views is the minimum set that has been reported by other researchers.
A JC-BioAPI compliant smart card with biometrics for secure access control

Smart cards play a very important and complimentary role in biometrics-based access control systems. While the most common application of the smart card in biometrics systems is as a platform for the secure storage of biometric data, matching on the smart card will enhance both the users privacy and the over all security of the system. However, the proprietary and non-standard smart card operating systems and development environments, make developing biometric matching on the card very difficult. Java Cards partially address this problem by ensuring inter-operability through the use of Java Virtual Machines (JVM). However, the use of an interpreted language like Java is not without a performance penalty and does not help biometric interoperability at the application level. The objective of this paper is to provide a synthesis of current smart card open standard development with respect to biometric applications. After introducing the current state of smart card open standards, we aim to highlight some of the more pertinent issues faced by biometric application developers. To aid this process we present two fingerprint-based applications for access control, both developed on an IBM JCOP31 smart card. The first example is our implementation of a storage-based fingerprint application using the contact-less interface available on the JCOP31. The second example is our implementation of a high performance, fingerprint-based match-on-card application using the new JC-BioAPI. We will conclude by presenting some performance figures that should help dispel the myth that Java Card biometric applications by nature have to be slow.
Global relocation: an examination of the corporate influence on expatriate adjustment

This paper examines the important yet often overlooked corporate influence on expatriates' intercultural adjustment. Using four months of ethnographic data collected in China, we aim to understand how expatriates' transnational corporation employers and their outsourcing global relocation agencies work together to manage and influence expatriates' adjustment process. Our findings reveal the different impact organizational support can have on expatriate general and interaction adjustment, the mediating effect of organizational management of expatriate uncertainty and anxiety on adjustment outcome, and the relevance of organizational concern for efficiency. These findings suggest that the success of expatriate relocation programs hinges on their ability to help expatriates manage uncertainty and anxiety in ways that both provide them with the comfort of home and offer rich and authentic cultural experiences.
Model abstraction techniques and applications: informing and calibrating a multiresolution exploratory analysis model with high resolution simulation: the interdiction problem as a case history

Exploratory analysis uses a low-resolution model for broad survey work. High-resolution simulation can sometimes be used to inform development and calibration of such a model. This paper is a case history of such an effort. The problem at issue was characterizing the effectiveness, in interdicting an invading army, of long-range precision fires. After observing puzzling results from high-resolution simulation, we developed a multiresolution personal-computer model called PEM to explain the phenomena analytically. We then studied the simulation data in depth to assess, adjust, and calibrate PEM, while at the same time discovering and accounting for various shortcomings or subtleties of the high-resolution simulation and data. The resulting PEM model clarified results and allowed us to explore a wide range of additional circumstances. It credibly predicted changes in effectiveness over two orders of magnitude, depending on situational factors involving C4ISR, maneuver patterns, missile and weapon characteristics, and type of terrain. The insights gained appear valid and a simplified version of PEM could be used for scaling adjustments in comprehensive theater-level models.
The successful implementation of a licensed data management interface between a Sunquest(®) laboratory information system and an AB SCIEX™ mass spectrometer.

Background: Interfacing complex laboratory equipment to laboratory information systems (LIS) has become a more commonly encountered problem in clinical laboratories, especially for instruments that do not have an interface provided by the vendor. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry is a great example of such complex equipment, and has become a frequent addition to clinical laboratories. As the testing volume on such instruments can be significant, manual data entry will also be considerable and the potential for concomitant transcription errors arises. Due to this potential issue, our aim was to interface an AB SCIEX TM mass spectrometer to our Sunquest® LIS. Materials and Methods: We licensed software for the data management interface from the University of Pittsburgh, but extended this work as follows: The interface was designed so that it would accept a text file exported from the AB SCIEX TM × 5500 QTrap® mass spectrometer, pre-process the file (using newly written code) into the correct format and upload it into Sunquest® via file transfer protocol. Results: The licensed software handled the majority of the interface tasks with the exception of converting the output from the Analyst® software to the required Sunquest® import format. This required writing of a pre-processor by one of the authors which was easily integrated with the supplied software. Conclusions: We successfully implemented the data management interface licensed from the University of Pittsburgh. Given the coding that was required to write the pre-processor, and alterations to the source code that were performed when debugging the software, we would suggest that before a laboratory decides to implement such an interface, it would be necessary to have a competent computer programmer available.
Measuring Compliance With Tobacco-Free Campus Policy

Abstract Objective: The purpose is to describe psychometric testing and feasibility of the Tobacco-Free Compliance Assessment Tool (TF-CAT) to measure tobacco-free policy compliance at a public university and medical center. The aims are to (1) investigate concurrent validity by comparing the number of cigarette butts in areas covered by the policy with those on adjacent sidewalks; (2) evaluate the interrater reliability of the TF-CAT; and (3) describe the feasibility of using the TF-CAT. Methods: Phase I was a pilot study on the health care campus. Phase II was baseline of an intervention study on the main campus. Cigarette butts and smokers were counted in hot spots. Validity was assessed using Mann-Whitney U and Geographical Information System Analysis methods. Results: There was some support for the validity and high interrater reliability. Data collectors spent 1 hour per week for 8 weeks during Phase I, and 31 hours in 1 week during Phase II. Conclusion: TF-CAT is a feasible, time-intensive method t...
Analysis of iron-bearing clay minerals by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA)

Nontronite and biotite were analyzed by Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA). Both minerals yielded ESCA spectra with well-defined peaks and the elements identified by the ESCA spectra were in good agreement with the molecular formulas. High resolution scans were made of the iron (2p3/2) and oxygen (1s) electron binding energies for oxidized and reduced forms of nontronite and biotite. Binding energies for Fe3+ were observed at 711.8 eV in dithionite-reduced nontronite and in oxidized biotite. Peaks for Fe2+ occurred at 710.0 eV for unaltered biotite, at 709 eV for oxidized biotite and at 708.6 eV for hydrazine-reduced and dithionite-reduced nontronite. The oxygen (1s) peak for unaltered nontronite was skewed to the high energy side of the 530.6 eV maximum, but became more symmetrical as the Fe2+ content increased.
How Useful Is an Ec-Wide Monetary Aggregate As an Intermediate Target For Europe?*

This paper looks at whether the aggregate ERM money supply has been a useful predictor of short-term changes in inflation and growth, and of long-term trends in price levels among the core ERM countries. the evidence suggests that over the period since 1987 the ERM money supply performs at least as well, and arguably better, than the individual nominal aggregates in predicting nominal aggregates such as inflation and the price level, while neither money supply is a good predictor of real activity.
Increased monocyte chemiluminescence in cystic fibrosis patients and in their parents

We examined the chemiluminescence response of peripheral blood monocytes from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their asymptomatic parental carriers of the CF gene to three different types of stimulation. We found that monocytes from both patients and carriers have increased luminol-dependent chemiluminescence in the first 25 min after stimulation by adherence to glass. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that monocytes from both CF heterozygotes and homozygotes respond to adhesion with increased oxygen radical formation. The increased adherence-induced monocyte chemiluminescence of the parental carriers did not vary with age or length of exposure of the parents to a child with CF. Also, repeated exposure to medications and respiratory secretions of CF patients was not associated with an increase in adherence-induced monocyte chemiluminescence of their nonbiologically related caretakers. Thus, this observed increase in chemiluminescence is not simply secondary to the medications or respiratory dysfunction seen in the patients with CF. Patients with other types of obstructive lung disease did not show increased adherence-induced monocyte chemiluminescence. We conclude that increased early phase adherence-induced monocyte chemiluminescence occurs in patients with cystic fibrosis and the obligate carriers of the CF gene independent of environmental influences.
A benchmark test suite for proton transfer energies and its use to test electronic structure model chemistries

Abstract We present benchmark calculations of nine selected points on potential energy surfaces describing proton transfer processes in three model systems, H 5 O 2 + , CH3OH…H+…OH2, and CH3COOH…OH2. The calculated relative energies of these geometries are compared to those calculated by various wave function and density functional methods, including the polarized molecular orbital (PMO) model recently developed in our research group and other semiempirical molecular orbital methods. We found that the SCC-DFTB and PMO methods (the latter available so far only for molecules consisting of only O and H and therefore only for the first of the three model systems) give results that are, on average, within 2 kcal/mol of the benchmark results. Other semiempirical molecular orbital methods have mean unsigned errors (MUEs) of 3–8 kcal/mol, local density functionals have MUEs in the range 0.7–3.7 kcal/mol, and hybrid density functionals have MUEs of only 0.3–1.0 kcal/mol, with the best density functional performance obtained by hybrid meta-GGAs, especially M06 and PW6B95.
Feasibility study of Monte Carlo modelling techniques for distributed-parameter systems. Part 1: Discrete Monte Carlo models and their uses

The theory of Monte Carlo modelling of distributed-parameter systems is developed from a difference-equation representation of the relevant partial differential equations. The analogy between this approach and that based on Kolmogorov's equation is used to simplify the resulting statistical model, and a number of extensions are proposed to deal with a variety of boundary types, nonlinearities, and forcing functions. The paper is completed by a series of examples illustrating the application of the extension using both digital and hybrid computers. A section is devoted to a critical assessment of the work described.
Ambient ion distributions in Saturn's magnetosphere near Titan during a non-Voyager type interaction

Abstract The interaction of Titan's ionosphere with the Saturn's magnetospheric plasma was found to be subsonic, superAlfvenic and submagnetosonic. However, the plasma conditions along Titan's orbit are highly variable [cf. J. Geophys. Res., 87 (1982) 881; Ph.D Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 2001] resulting in a wide range of possible Mach numbers for the interaction. We consider the effect Titan would have on the ambient (or magnetospheric) ion population during a supermagnetosonic interaction, which might occur in the outer magnetosphere. The trajectories of several thousand ions in the vicinity of Titan are calculated using the fields from the output of a three-dimensional MHD model of Titan's plasma interaction. We have simulated the Voyager Plasma Spectrometer (PLS) response to the ambient ions using the determined ion trajectories. These results are compared with the Voyager distribution functions in order to illustrate how upstream conditions might affect the observed distributions, as will likely be observed during the Cassini mission Titan flybys.
Porcine zona pellucida ZP3α glycoprotein mediates binding of the biotin‐labeled Mr 55,000 family (ZP3) to boar sperm membrane vesicles

The two M(r) 55,000 glycoproteins, ZP3 alpha and ZP3 beta, of porcine zona pellucida copurify as a preparation designated ZP3. Gamete binding assays have implicated ZP3 alpha, but not ZP3 beta, as participating in sperm-zona recognition events. We now report that boar sperm contain membrane-associated binding sites with specificity for ZP3 alpha. Biotin-labeled (b-) preparations of ZP3 bind to intact boar sperm in a saturable manner, with localization on the anterior head region. Membrane vesicles obtained from capacitated sperm by nitrogen cavitation retain b-ZP3 binding sites as determined by an enzyme-linked method employing alkaline phosphatase-conjugated strepavidin. In competitive binding assays using b-ZP3 (0.1 microgram/ml) as probe, heat-solubilized zonae and ZP3 were effective competitors, whereas the nonzona molecules fetuin and fucoidin were not. Digestion of ZP3 with endo-beta-galactosidase, an enzyme that trims polylactosamines, enhanced its affinity for membrane receptors. In contrast treatments such as chemical deglycosylation, pronase digestion, or disruption of disulfide bonds abolished the ligand activity of ZP3. Finally, purified ZP3 alpha was an at least 100-fold better antagonist than purified ZP3 beta. The results demonstrate that binding of b-ZP3 to isolated boar sperm membranes is mediated by sperm receptors with specificity for the ZP3 alpha macromolecular component and reveal a complex contribution of both carbohydrate and protein moieties toward the ligand activity of this sperm adhesive zona molecule.
In Between States: NationalIdentity Practices Among German Jewish Immigrants

Recent critiques of the identity literature have bemoaned the lack of clarity in conceptualizations of identity. R. W. Connell's (1987) theory of practice and Dorothy Smith's (1987, pp. 88–97) notion of “the everyday as problematic” provide the foundation for articulating the construct of identity practices. Identity practices refer to the routine actions and ways of thinking, as well as the representations of those acts and thoughts, that enable people to claim collective identities. Although identity practices mark group membership, they also signal marginality to or exclusion from other groups. This paper explores the importance of understanding identity practices at micro levels of interaction as well as macro-level structures and dominant culture narratives. The specific empirical focus—on German Jewish immigrants who fled Nazi Germany and arrived in the United States by 1945—enables an interrogation of the meanings associated with national identity practices.
Ligand Passing by the p75 Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor Enhances HIV-1 Activation

Abstract Recently, a HIV-dependent upmodulation of the p75 tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFr75) was observed using latently-infected OM-10.1 promyelocytes; although the participation of TNFr75 in HIV-1 activation remained undefined. Here, using receptor cross-linking by agonistic antibodies, no direct HIV-1 activation via TNFr75 was observed. Signalling via the p55 tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFr55) accounted for the full extent of HIV-1 activation in OM-10.1 cultures. However, in tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) dose titration experiments, antibody blockade of TNFr75 decreased the dose response markedly, indicating a ligand passing function. TNFr75 blockade did not alter the dose response to agonistic TNFr55 antibody induction; verifying that the effect on the TNF-α dose response was not due to negative signalling or cytolysis. These results demonstrate that, although not directly involved in signal transduction resulting in HIV-1 activation, TNFr75 can serve a critical ligand passing function and permit continued HIV-1 expression during limited TNF-α availability.
Electrolytic Oxidation and Reduction of some Pyridine Compounds

AS part of an investigation for developing satisfactory procedures of preparing 2-, 3- and 4-pyridine-aldehydes, attention was turned to the electrolytic oxidation and reduction of pyridine compounds. After consideration of commercially available pyridine derivatives, studies were made of the electro-oxidation of 2-, 3- and 4-picoline and of 2-vinyl-pyridine and the electro-reduction of picolinic, nicotinic and isonicotinic acids. Inasmuch as the results do not show promise of being successful with respect to the primary object, the work has been abandoned. Nevertheless, some of the observations are interesting, although several points need further inquiry.
Memorializing Lincoln: Whitman's "Revision" of James Speed's Oration Upon the Inauguration of the Bust of Abraham Lincoln

Compares the texts of James Speed's Oration Upon the Inauguration of the Bust of Abraham Lincoln with writings of Whitman on Lincoln and assesses the poet's editorial influence on Speed's oration, concluding that it "bears the indelible imprint of the poet."
Some Recent Results in the Separation Of Metal Chlorides by Solvent Extraction

Abstract Solvent extraction is used to selectively separate an aqueous mixture of metal chlorides (Fe, Al and Ti) that is the product from the high-temperature chlorination of fly ash by the HiChlor process. Tertiary amines dissolved in xylene or kerosine are used to separate the Fe from the Al and Ti. Prior to extraction, the organic solution is contacted with HCl to convert the amine to the chloride salt. Data on the effects of organic-to-aqueous ratio, Fe, Al and Ti loadings, and HCl concentration in the aqueous phase are reported. Iron is stripped from the loaded organic phase using dilute HCl. The raffinate is subjected to sparge crystallization with HCl to recover AlCl3.6H2O. The recovery of Ti from the aqueous phase after Fe removal requires the use of tributyl phosphate (TBP) in kerosine for the organic phase, and of higher acid concentrations. Decanol is used as a modifier to prevent formation of a third phase.
Family‐to‐Work Spillover in Singapore: Marital Distress, Physical and Mental Health, and Work Satisfaction

Using data from a representative sample (N = 1,026) of married workers in Singapore, this study examined potential family-to-work spillover relationships among marital distress, health and mental health, and work satisfaction. Results from structural equation modeling analysis showed that marital distress was a significant predictor of depressive symptoms, health, and work satisfaction. Health was not related to work satisfaction. Depression acted as an indirect link between marital distress and work satisfaction. No major gender differences emerged from the regression analysis, and approximately 40% of the variance in work satisfaction was explained by the model. Results suggest that marriage-to-work spillover is real and costly for families, organizations, and governments.
Poly(3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole)s: Highly Stable Electronically Conducting and Electrochromic Polymers

A series of poly(3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole)s are reported as a new class of electronically conducting polymers exhibiting especially low oxidation potentials from ca. −0.6 to −0.4 V vs Fc/Fc+ (equivalent to −0.15 to +0.05 V vs SCE) as desired for ambient stability of the doped and conducting states. These polymers exhibit unique combinations of multicolor electrochromism, switching from a red or orange neutral state to a light blue/gray doped state, passing through a darker intermediate state (brown), as examined by in situ colorimetry. High spectral contrast ratios have been measured throughout the visible region with a maximum Δ%T = 76% at 534 nm for poly[3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)pyrrole) (PProDOP−(CH3)2). PProDOP−(CH3)2 exhibits outstanding redox switching stability, being able to undergo 40 000 deep double-potential switches between its doped and neutral states (1 s, Δ%Tmax = 76%) while retaining more than 90% of its electroactivity. A high level of stability to overoxidation has also been obser...
Physiological cognitive state assessment: Applications for designing effective human-machine systems

Significant growth in the field of neuroscience has occurred over the last decade such that new application areas for basic research techniques are opening up to practitioners in many other areas. Of particular interest to many is the principle of neuroergonomics, by which the traditional work in neuroscience and its related topics can be applied to non-traditional areas such as human-machine system design. While work in neuroergonomics certainly predates the use of the term in the literature (previously identified by others as applied neuroscience, operational neuroscience, etc.), there is great promise in the larger framework that is represented by the general context of the terminology. Here, we focus on the very specific concept that principles in brain-computer interfaces, neural prosthetics and the larger realm of machine learning using physiological inputs can be applied directly to the design and implementation of augmented human-machine systems. Indeed, work in this area has been ongoing for more than 25 years with very little cross-talk and collaboration between clinical and applied researchers. We propose that, given increased interest in augmented human-machine systems based on cognitive state, further progress will require research in the same vein as that being done in the aforementioned communities, and that all researchers with a vested interest in physiologically-based machine learning techniques can benefit from increased collaboration. We thereby seek to describe the current state of cognitive state assessment in human-machine systems, the problems and challenges faced, and the tightly-coupled relationship with other research areas. This supports the larger work of the Cognitive State Assessment 2011 Competition by setting the stage for the purpose of the session by showing the need to increase research in the machine learning techniques used by practitioners of augmented human-machine system design.
Dry mouth: A critical topic for older adult patients

Abstract Purpose Diminished salivary flow, or dry mouth impacts the oral health of many older adults, dentate and edentulous. As a result typical oral conditions can prove more challenging to both the patient's comfort and home care and the treatment selected by the clinician. This paper will review issues of dry mouth from a clinical and symptomatic perspective and will include the condition's causes, treatment and prevention. Study selection We performed a review of PubMed using the words: older adults, dry mouth, xerostomia, radiation-induced xerostomia, and salivary gland hypofunction. We selected 90 articles with a clinical application perspective. Results When it comes to treatment of dry mouth conditions, either objective or subjective, there are no easy answers as to the best course of action for a specific individual. While most of the cited studies have examined the most difficult cases of dry mouth (e.g. Sjogren's syndrome, and that seen during and post head and neck cancer treatments), there are many older adults who demonstrate dry mouth from the use of multiple medications. This paper presents a summary of the etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of dry mouth (salivary hypofunction and xerostomia in older adults). Conclusions It is important to understand the causes of dry mouth and to educate our patients. Starting a prevention program as early as possible considering the most practical, cost effective and efficient treatments with the best risk-benefit ratio will help to diminish dry mouth symptoms and sequelae.
THREE DIMENSIONAL SOIL‐STRUCTURE INTERACTION ANALYSIS: DEFORMABLE STRUCTURES IN MULTILAYERED SOIL MASS

A new hybrid method based on three‐dimensional finite element idealization in the near field and a semi‐analytic scheme using the principles of wave propagation in multilayered half space in the far field is proposed for the dynamic soil‐structure interaction analysis. The distinguishing feature of this technique from direct or indirect boundary integral techniques is that in boundary integral techniques a distribution of sources are considered at the near field boundary. Strengths of these sources are then adjusted to satisfy the continuity conditions across the near‐field/far‐field interface. In the proposed method unknown sources are placed not at the near field boundary but at the location of the structure. Then the Saint‐Venant's principle is utilized to justify that at a distant point the effect of the structure's vibration can be effectively modelled by an equivalent vibrating point force and vibrating moment at the structure's position. Thus the number of unknowns can be greatly reduced here. For soil‐structure interaction analysis by this method one needs to consider only three unknowns (two force components and one in‐plane moment) for a general two‐dimensional problem and six unknowns (three force components and three moment components) for a general three‐dimensional problem. When a vertically propagating elastic wave strikes a structure which is symmetric about two mutually perpendicular vertical planes the structure can only vibrate vertically for dilatational waves and horizontally for shear waves. Under this situation the number of unknowns is reduced to only one whereas in boundary integral and boundary element techniques the number of unknowns is dependent on the number of nodes at the near field boundary, which is generally much greater than six. Several example problems are solved in this paper using this technique for both flexible and rigid structures in multilayered soil media.
Guestworker programs: evidence from Europe and the United States and some implications for U.S. policy.

Mounting concern in the United States over increased illegal migration from Mexico during the past decade has generated a heated policy debate and led to a number of proposals as to how the U.S. government should deal with the problem. Among these has been a call for a temporary worker program similar to the U.S.-sponsored Bracero Program (1942–1964) in which over 4 million Mexican workers were recruited to perform temporary agricultural labor in the southwestern United States. This article considers the implications of such a program by examining the social and economic effects of previous guestworker programs in the United States and western Europe from the perspective of both sending and receiving societies. Particular attention is paid to the efficacy of these programs in promoting temporary as opposed to long-term immigration of foreign workers as well as their developmental impact on sending countries.
International military interventions: Identification and classification

International military intervention is the movement of troops or forces of one country into the territory or territorial waters of another country, or military action by troops already stationed by...
Creep and Corrosion of Amalgam

Creep and corrosion were determined for an amalgam that demonstrates both the absence or presence of γ2 depending on final Hg content. The results showed that corrosion was directly related to the amount of γ2 present, while creep was either low or high depending on the absence or presence of γ2.
Theory of genus reduction in alkali-induced graphitization of nanoporous carbon

Exposure to elemental Cs generates graphitic domains within nanoporous carbon at only $50\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, well below the typical graphitization temperatures of $g1000\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$. We present a model of nanoporous carbon, the wormhole, which can express the fundamental topological elements of graphitization: a negative-curvature analog to ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ fullerene. The pathway to wormhole annihilation comprises an initial Stone-Wales transformation and a subsequent unzipping of the defect. This complex $\ensuremath{\sim}100$-atom collective defect disintegrates with the formation of only two dangling bonds. Our ab initio calculations show that while the activation barrier against reduction in topological genus is indeed lowered by interaction with alkali, an additional chemical constituent must be involved to account for this remarkable local graphitization of nanoporous carbons at near-room temperature.
Recovery of Bacteria from Broiler Carcasses After Immersion Chilling in Different Volumes of Water, Part 2

Experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between poultry chilling water volume and carcass microbiology. In the first study, the volume of water used during immersion chilling was found to have a significant effect on the counts of bacteria recovered from broiler carcass halves; however, these volumes (2.1 and 16.8 L/kg) were extreme and did not reflect commercial levels. A second study using commercial chilling volumes was conducted with 3.3 L/kg (low) or 6.7 L/kg (high) distilled water in the chiller. Prechill broiler carcasses were removed from a commercial processing line, cut into left and right halves, and one-half of each pair was individually chilled in a bag containing low or high volume of water. Bags containing halves were submersed in a secondary chill tank containing approximately 150 L of an ice-water mix (0.6 degrees C). After 45 min, halves were removed, allowed to drip for 5 min, and rinsed with 100 mL of sterile water for 1 min. Rinses were analyzed for total aerobic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, and Campylobacter. When the numbers of bacteria in the half-carcass rinses (HCR) were compared, counts recovered from halves chilled in a low volume of water were the same as those recovered from the halves chilled with a high volume of water (P > 0.05). Levels found in the HCR ranged from 4.0 to 4.2 log(10) cfu/mL for aerobic bacteria, 3.3 to 3.5 log(10) cfu/mL for E. coli, 3.6 to 3.8 log(10) cfu/mL for Enterobacteriaceae, and 2.4 to 2.6 log(10) cfu/mL for Campylobacter. Data were also analyzed using a paired comparison t-test, and this analysis showed that there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the numbers of aerobic bacteria, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, or Campylobacter recovered from paired-halves chilled in different volumes of water. The present study shows that under the conditions outlined in this experiment, doubling the amount of water during immersion chilling (3.3 vs. 6.7 L/kg) did not improve the removal of bacteria from the surfaces of chilled carcasses.
Effects of auxin on wall polysaccharide composition and enzyme activity during extension‐growth of Pellia (Bryophyta)

Auxin-induced changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition and enzyme activity of seta segments from the liverwort Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda were studied using colorimetric, gas chromatographic, radioactive tracer, and viscometric techniques. Extension-growth of segments doubled in the presence of aqueous 10 μM indole-3-acctic acid (IAA) ± 50 mM glucose. IAA-enhanced growth was accompanied by (1) enhanced synthesis of all wall polysaccharides but cellulose, (2) increase in the relative glucose content of neutral wall sugars, and (3) change in the activity of wall-bound glycosidase relative to controls, but no change in the activity of cellulase. Galactose and mannose (50 mM) suppressed auxin enhancement of both growth and wall synthesis. These findings suggest that auxin-mediated extension-growth of Pellia setae is dependent upon the maintenance of non-cellulosic cell-wall synthesis.
Nathan Keep--William Morton's Salieri?

Summary Dr Nathan Cooky Keep (1800-1875) was a Boston dentist and doctor who carried out pioneering work in both dentistry and anaesthesia. He worked with William Morton before the first public demonstration of ether anaesthesia, formed the world's first anaesthetic partnership with Morton but parted company with him and later opposed Morton's claim to be the sole inventor of ether anaesthesia.
Factor for converting elemental phosphorus to acetone insolubles in crude soybean oil

The official AOCS method CA 12-55 contains a factor of 30 in an equation for relating the phosphorus content of crude soybean oil to equivalent phosphatide. The historical derivation of this factor is discussed. The mean value was calculated to be 31.7 ±0.9 by correlation of phosphorus content with acetone insolubles in six lots of crude oil.
The zero waste city: Tokyo's quest for a sustainable environment

Abstract This paper examines efforts to remake Tokyo, the world's largest megalopolis, into an ecologically sustainable city. The analysis is framed by two visions: a general model of eco-effectiveness derived from industrial ecology and an empirically grounded conception of a zero waste city rooted in the lean production practices of Japanese firms and extended beyond the firm to the city by government policies. We specifically focus on Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) programs to reduce waste and especially greenhouse gases. We also examine how TMG's environmental efforts have been shaped by local politics and by the city's relations with the central state. Tokyo's environmental efforts are impressive but they still fall far short of ecological sustainability. The zero waste city is ultimately a political project and Japanese are still divided over how to prioritize and integrate economic growth and environmental quality goals. The eco-effective, zero waste model envisions transforming the current tr...
An inexact Krylov–Schur algorithm for the unitary eigenvalue problem

Abstract We present an efficient inexact implicitly restarted Arnoldi algorithm to find a few eigenpairs of large unitary matrices. The approximating Krylov spaces are built using short-term recurrences derived from Gragg’s isometric Arnoldi process. The implicit restarts are done by the Krylov–Schur methodology of Stewart. All of the operations of the restart are done in terms of the Schur parameters generated by the isometric Arnoldi process. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm.
The Organizational Health of Urban Elementary Schools: School Health and Teacher Functioning

This study examined the factor structure of the Organizational Health Inventory-Elementary version (OHI-E; Hoy et al. in Open schools/healthy schools: measuring organizational climate. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA, 1991) in a sample of 203 teachers working in 19 high-poverty, urban schools and the association of organizational school health with teacher efficacy, teacher stress, and job satisfaction. Results indicated a similar factor structure of the OHI-E as compared with the population of schools in the original sample (Hoy et al. in Open schools/healthy schools: measuring organizational climate. Sage, Beverly Hills, CA, 1991), and that specific components of organizational health, such as a positive learning environment, are associated with teacher efficacy, stress, and satisfaction. Overall, teachers’ relations with their peers, their school leadership, and their students appear especially critical in high-poverty, urban schools. Recommendations for research and practice related to improving high-poverty, urban schools are presented.
The cube vectorcardiogram in various degrees of right bundle branch block.

IT HAS been alleged by some authors' that the horizontal QRS loop of the cube vectorcardiogram may be employed to distinguish right ventricular hypertrophy from right bundle branch block . Clockwise inscription of this loop is regarded as typical of right ventricular hypertrophy and the slow inscription of the final limb of the loop is regarded as typical of delayed conduction in the right bundle branch (Fig . 1) . Although clockwise inscription of the horizontal QRS loop in "atypical" right bundle branch block has been recorded by these authors no evidence is furnished that clockwise inscription of the loop may not also occur as a result of lesser degrees of right bundle branch block, and no evidence is furnished that the slow inscription of the final limb of the loop is necessarily present in these same lesser degrees of right bundle branch block . As a matter of fact the important hiatus that is found upon close examination of the basis of these allegations is the lack of any recorded observations of the effect of various degrees of right bundle branch block upon the vcctorcardiogram when no right ventricular hypertrophy is present. The opportunity to make such observations is rare . However, recently one of us (I . L. R.) encountered a patient whose electrocardiogram showed varying degrees of delay of conduction in the right bundle branch (Fig . 2 and 3) . In this case normal conduction could he observed after slowing by carotid sinus stimulation (see Fig. 2B and 3) ; intermediate degrees of block were common, and a higher degree of block A.
Revisiting and validating a model of two-thumb text entry

MacKenzie and Soukoreff have previously introduced a Fitts' Law-based performance model of expert two-thumb text entry on mini-QWERTY keyboards [4]. In this work we validate the original model using results from a longitudinal study of mini-QWERTY keyboards, and update the model to account for observed inter-key time data.
Security brokerage markets under price uncertainty

Abstract This paper develops a model of security broker behavior under price uncertainty. The model examines the process of matching orders and the determinants of equilibrium brokerage commission rates. Institutional arrangements, search efficiency, execution costs, volume, risk, and the unit price of the security are shown to affect equilibrium brokerage commission rates. Some stylized facts of security brokerage are explained.
CCSD(T) and MRCI studies on the ground and excited states of BrOClO and ClOBrO

In this work, three forms (cis, trans and nonplanar) of ClOBrO and BrOClO were optimized at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level of theory. At the most stable forms (nonplanar form) of ClOBrO and BrOClO, the vertical excitation energies for the lowest six singlet states and two triplet states were calculated at the multireference internally contracted configuration interaction (MRCI) level of theory using cc-pVDZ, Aug-cc-pVDZ, cc-pVTZ, and Aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. The scalar relativistic effect on the excited states of BrOClO and ClOBrO were estimated. In addition, the potential energy curves of the lowest six singlet states and two triplet states of BrOClO and ClOBrO, as well as BrOOCl were calculated at both MCSCF (complete active space self-consistent field) and MRCI levels of theory using Aug-cc-pVDZ basis set on the active space (18e,12o) along the distances of BrOClO, ClOBrO, and BrOOCl. The results were compared among BrOOCl, ClOBrO, and BrOClO. The first singlet excited state of BrOOCl is 1.12 eV higher than that of BrOClO and 1.36 eV higher than that of ClOBrO at MRCI/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The first triplet excited state of BrOOCl is 0.77 eV higher than that of BrOClO and 0.86 eV higher than that of ClOBrO at MRCI/cc-pVTZ level of theory. Most of the excited states of BrOClO studied in this work are unbound states; but most of the ClOBrO and BrOOCl excited states studied in this work are weakly bound states at MRCI level of theory. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Mean-field theory of high-T c superconductivity: The superexchange mechanism

We develop the simplest mean-field theory of an extended Hubbard model in the limit of a large intrasite Coulomb interaction, concentrating on the possibility of superconductivity induced by the superexchange interaction and weakened by the intersite Coulomb repulsion. We calculate the critical temperature and the coherence length as a function of filling, as well as the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. Finally, we comment on the physics of the insulating state at half filling, and mention the probable effects of fluctuations.
Self-Focused Attention, Timing, and Helping Behavior A Field Study

The present study explored the relationship between self-focused attention and helping behavior in a naturalistic setting. While waiting in an airport departure lounge, some subjects had their pictures taken whereas others did not (Control condition). In all conditions subjects were provided with an opportunity to help a needy confederate. In the picture-taking conditions, the time lapse between the picture taking process was either 45 seconds (Immediate condition). 21/41 minutes (Intermediate condition), or 4 minutes (Later condition). A fifth condition was also run (Self-Perception condition) in which subjects were helpful to the experimenter. but not in a manner that should have increased their level of self-attention. As predicted, subjects were somewhat more helpful in the Immediate condition than in all others, which did not differ. This finding was attributable, however, to the female but not the male participants. Theoretical explanations are discussed.
Ability of primary auditory cortical neurons to detect amplitude modulation with rate and temporal codes: neurometric analysis

Amplitude modulation (AM) is a common feature of natural sounds, and its detection is biologically important. Even though most sounds are not fully modulated, the majority of physiological studies have focused on fully modulated (100% modulation depth) sounds. We presented AM noise at a range of modulation depths to awake macaque monkeys while recording from neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1). The ability of neurons to detect partial AM with rate and temporal codes was assessed with signal detection methods. On average, single-cell synchrony was as or more sensitive than spike count in modulation detection. Cells are less sensitive to modulation depth if tested away from their best modulation frequency, particularly for temporal measures. Mean neural modulation detection thresholds in A1 are not as sensitive as behavioral thresholds, but with phase locking the most sensitive neurons are more sensitive, suggesting that for temporal measures the lower-envelope principle cannot account for thresholds. Three methods of preanalysis pooling of spike trains (multiunit, similar to convergence from a cortical column; within cell, similar to convergence of cells with matched response properties; across cell, similar to indiscriminate convergence of cells) all result in an increase in neural sensitivity to modulation depth for both temporal and rate codes. For the across-cell method, pooling of a few dozen cells can result in detection thresholds that approximate those of the behaving animal. With synchrony measures, indiscriminate pooling results in sensitive detection of modulation frequencies between 20 and 60 Hz, suggesting that differences in AM response phase are minor in A1.
A Generalization of Levy's Concentration-Variance Inequality

Sharp lower bounds are found for the concentration of a probability distribution as a function of the expectation of any given convex symmetric function ϕ. In the case ϕ(x)=(x-c)2, wherec is the expected value of the distribution, these bounds yield the classical concentration-variance inequality of Levy. An analogous sharp inequality is obtained in a similar linear search setting, where a sharp lower bound for the concentration is found as a function of the maximum probability swept out from a fixed starting point by a path of given length.
Measurements of the structure of laminar, premixed flames of CH4/NO2/O2 and CH2O/NO2/O2 mixtures

Abstract This article describes experimental measurements of the structure of lean, premixed, laminar, flat flames of CH4/NO2/O2 and CH2O/NO2/O2 mixtures at 55 torr. The compositions of stable species in the flames were measured using a cooled quartz sampling microprobe and gas chromatographic analysis. The compositions of the intermediates OH, CN, CH, NH, and NH2 were measured by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy using an excimer laser pumped tunable dye laser system. Flames with only O2 as oxidizer were blue/violet due to C2 and CH emission or CO chemiluminescence. Flames with NO2 and O2 have two luminous zones, one yellow and the other blue/violet, separated by distinct, dark nonluminous zones. Nitrogen dioxide is a poor oxidizer in comparison to O2 and, therefore, rich mixtures with NO2 could not be stabilized. With CH4 as the fuel the products contain considerable unreacted NO2, along with NO and N2 whereas with CH2O as the fuel little N2 was formed. A partial reaction mechanism is discussed which accounts for the observations in the flame data.
Encore! The Forgetful Voter

In a survey following the 1976 presidential election, the Wisconsin Survey Research Laboratory asked a sample of noninstitutionalized Wisconsin residents of voting age whether they had voted in the presidential general election, in the 1974 gubernatorial general election, in the April 1976 presidential primary, and in the state supreme court race held simultaneous with the presidential primary.' Table 1
Effects of hyperthermia on the intracellular pH and membrane potential of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

The effects of hyperthermia (exposure to 41–47°C) on the intracellular pH and membrane potential have been studied using Chinese hamster ovary HA-1 cells. Our goal was to determine whether intracellular pH changes or changes in membrane potential correlated with cell killing. The intracellular pH (pHj) was measured using the DMO partitioning technique. A rapid acidification of the intracellular environment was observed at all the elevated temperatures studied. The pH; reached a plateau value of approximately 6.9, and started reversing towards normal values upon prolonged exposure to heat. Similar patterns were seen for ΔpH (pHi — pHo). The membrane potential difference (Δϕ) was measured using the fluorescence quenching of 3,3-dipropylthio-carbocyanine, and calibrated using a 86Rb+ diffusion potential. We found that Δϕ falls to zero only upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 43°C. When the external pH was changed from normal values the drop in Δϕ occurred more readily. Development of thermo-toleran...