cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pediatric convective hemofiltration: Normocarb replacement fluid and citrate anticoagulation

Abstract Background: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) may be preferable over continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) in sepsis; however, CVVH use is limited by the lack of commercially produced bicarbonate replacement solutions in the United States. Anticoagulation used for hemofiltration traditionally has been either heparin or citrate based, but to date, citrate protocols have been used predominately in CVVHD. When CVVH has been used with citrate anticoagulation, replacement solutions have had to be custom made in the pharmacy. Methods: We describe a protocol used in a series of 9 children with sepsis who underwent CVVH with the use of a commercially available bicarbonate solution (Normocarb; Dialysis Solutions Inc, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada) and a commercially available citrate solution (Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose Solution Formula A [ACD-A]; Baxter Health Care, Deerfield, IL). This simplified approach to citrate anticoagulation with CVVH used Normocarb as a prefilter replacement solution under provisions of the 1997 Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act. Results: All patients had acceptable levels of solute and ultrafiltration clearance with this approach. CVVH circuit life averaged 71 hours (range, 37 to 131 hours), influenced in part by the industry recommendation to change the circuit at 72 hours, whereas no complications from this protocol were identified. Conclusion: Similar to CVVHD, this protocol is effective and simple in its components, using industry-produced solutions, avoiding the need for pharmacy-made solutions, and limiting cost and potential risk for compounding errors. Although not the purpose of this report, the patient survival rate was 55%.
Direct role for potassium channel inhibition in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Cellular mechanisms responsible for hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction were investigated in pulmonary arterial cells, isolated perfused lung, and pulmonary artery rings. Three K+ channel antagonist...
Results of a 3-year, nutrition and physical activity intervention for children in rural, low-socioeconomic status elementary schools

Improving children's nutrition and physical activity have become priorities in the United States. This quasi-experimental study evaluated the longitudinal effects of a 3-year, school-based, health promotion intervention (i.e. nutrition and physical education, classroom physical activity, professional development and health promotion for teachers and families, and strengthening wellness policies and family/community partnerships) on children's health behaviors in four, rural, low-socioeconomic status elementary schools. A total of 999 kindergarten to third-grade children participated in data collection consisting of 4-day pedometer tracking and previous-day fruits and vegetables consumption recall from baseline in January, 2011 through 12 follow-up assessments ending May, 2013. The mixed-effects regression models showed that children's nutrition and physical activity behaviors significantly improved over the 3-year intervention. The percentages of children who met the nutrition recommendation increased from 11 to 23% for girls and 12 to 23% for boys, while the percent who met the physical activity recommendation increased from 1 to 16% for girls and 3 to 7% for boys. Further, children's age and their school impacted certain intervention effects. This school-based intervention could be disseminated to promote healthy behaviors among rural disadvantaged children. Engaging parents and community partnerships is recommended to expand the traditional, children-focused education interventions.
Regularized algorithms for ranking, and manifold learning for related tasks

This thesis describes an investigation of regularized algorithms for ranking problems for user preferences and information retrieval problems. We utilize regularized manifold algorithms to appropriately incorporate data from related tasks. This investigation was inspired by personalization challenges in both user preference and information retrieval ranking problems. We formulate the ranking problem of related tasks as a special case of semi-supervised learning. We examine how to incorporate instances from related tasks, with the appropriate penalty in the loss function to optimize performance on the hold out sets. We present a regularized manifold approach that allows us to learn a distance metric for the different instances directly from the data. This approach allows incorporation of information from related task examples, without prior estimation of cross-task coefficient covariances. We also present applications of ranking problems in two text analysis problems: (a) Supervise content-word learning, and (b) Company Entity matching for record linkage problems. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Perseveration of craving: effects of stimuli conditioned to drugs of abuse versus conventional reinforcers differing in demand

Associative learning is essential for establishing appropriate responses to cause-effect relationships and effective behavioral adjustments to environmental changes. However, learned associations also promote maladaptive behavior such as uncontrollable drug seeking in addicts exposed to drug-associated stimuli. Here, we sought to identify behavioral characteristics that distinguish reward seeking produced by environmental stimuli conditioned to highly potent but non-addictive conventional reinforcers from reward seeking induced by stimuli conditioned to addictive drugs. Rats were trained to associate discriminative (i.e. contextual) stimuli (S+ ) with availability of cocaine, ethanol, palatable sweet solutions or water during dehydration. Following extinction, response-reinstating effects of re-exposure to these stimuli were established in terms of magnitude and perseveration. Initially, the S+ produced strong reinstatement irrespective of association with conventional or drug reward. However, with repeated testing, S+ -induced reward seeking decreased to extinction levels when motivated by the sweet solutions but perseverated when motivated by cocaine or ethanol. In rats placed on water restriction to induce a motivational constraint, the S+ supported perseverating reinstatement identical to that produced by an S+ conditioned to cocaine. The findings suggest that behavior guided by associations between environmental stimuli and drugs of abuse is characterized by perseverating, apparently highly extinction-resistant reward seeking, whereas behavior controlled by stimuli associated with conventional reward extinguishes rapidly in the absence of primary reinforcement. Reward seeking elicited by stimuli associated with natural reward can, however, become perseverative during physiological deprivation states. Possibly, perseverating drug seeking engages mechanisms overlapping with those that have evolved to promote alleviation of physiological deprivation to secure survival.
Nanometer Lithography for Quantum Scale Devices

Electron-beam lithography that has the capability of writing high-resolution nanometer features in semiconductors will be required to fabricate next-generation quantum scale devices, such as nanometer gate mini-FET’s, lateral quantum-well arrays, or metal grid radiators,which have feature sizes from 100 nm (1000 A) to 15 nm (150 A). A Philips EM 420T scanning transmission, electron microscope (STEM) has been modified to write nanometersize features in gallium arsenide. For this STEM we have developed a high-speed beam blanker and pattern generator (PG) that is resist speed limited. The maximum writing field size is 100 by 100 micrometers; within this field size, the smallest addressable step is approximately 1.8 nm (18 A). A HP-9845 is used to supply data for the PG and for computer-aided design of the devices to be written. Pattern transfer from the resist to GaAs is completed by using the liftoff method. As a result of this capability, we have patterned more than one million dots in a prototype 80 by 80 micrometer solid state radiator. The dots have diameters down to 15 nm (150 A), which requires an e-beam writing time of less than 30 minutes.
Preliminary Electrical Characterization of Pulsed-Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposited Teflon-like Thin Films

Pulsed-rf excitation of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) has been used to deposit films with chemical compositions similar to poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). Films were deposited at pulse cycles of 10/20, 10/50, 10/200, and 10/400 ms on/ms off and analyzed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). All four films produced similar broad ESR spectra, with an average width at maximum slope of ˜60 G and a g-value of 2.0045. The concentration of free electrons in a sample decreased with increasing pulse off time. This behavior can be modeled by the reaction of a free radical with a gas species, assuming that free radicals are generated only during the pulse on time. The films' dielectric constants were found to decrease from 1.99 to 1.95 for pulse off times increasing from 20 to 400 ms.
An experimental and computational investigation of spanwise-step-ice shapes on airfoil aerodynamics

The objective of this research was to study the effects of spanwise-step-ice accretions (resulting from large droplet icing conditions) on subsonic aircraft aerodynamics. The airfoil investigated was a modified NACA 23012 with a simple flap. An experimental and computational program was conducted using simulated ice accretions to determine the sensitivity of ice shape size and location on airfoil performance and control as a function of angle of attack and flap deflection. Focus is paid on the critical conditions where the aerodynamic performance, and the hinge moment in particular, changes rapidly and non-linearly. The experimental program included wake surveys, surface pressure taps, and force-balance measurements to obtain lift, drag, pitching moment, and hinge-moment coefficients for a large variety of geometry and flow conditions. The accompanying computational investigation was performed with a high-resolution full Navier-Stokes solution using a solution-adaptive unstructured grid for both non-iced and iced configurations. Results are presented for experiments and predictions of sectional aerodynamic characteristics where the quarter-round ice shape heights of 0.0083 and 0.0139 chords resulted in a dramatic decrease in maximum lift coefficients as well as significant reductions in hinge moments for positive angles of attack.
Study on Face Centered Cubic TaN Film Power Resistor

TaN has been frequently used for fabricating power resistor because of its high microwave power endurance,low temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR) and good corrosion resistance.In this study,face centered cubic(fcc) TaN films were fabricated by using DC reactive magnetron sputtering in Ar/N2 mixed gas atmosphere.It was found that when the Ta/N atomic ratio was between 0.9 and 1.2,fcc TaN films were formed and temperature coefficient of resistance(TCR) is as low as-1.86 ‰/°C.The power endurance is beyond 3W while less than 2W for Ta film resistors.
Effect of Ag containing (nano)particles on reactive adsorption of mustard gas surrogate on iron oxyhydroxide/graphite oxide composites under visible light irradiation

Abstract Iron oxyhydroxide and graphite oxide (GO) composites with either 1 or 10% of GO were modified with Ag (1 or 5% of AgNP solution) using a single step in situ procedure. The synthesized samples were tested as reactive adsorbents of chloroethyl ethyl sulfide vapors (CEES). The composites had large surface areas that were slightly affected by the Ag addition. Three different kinds of Ag particles were identified: AgCl, Ag 2 O and Ag 0 . The amount of silver in the precursor solution affects the amount of deposited AgCl and its particle size. Potentiometric titration and FTIR results indicated the interactions of the Ag species with bridge and terminal hydroxyl groups on the iron oxyhydroxide and with oxygen groups of the GO surface. Energy band gaps of all materials were estimated to be in the visible light range. The composites exhibit high capacities for CEES adsorption. Ethyl vinyl sulfide and 1,2-bis(ethylthio)ethane were identified as the main reaction products of the CEES reactive adsorption. The analysis of the extracts showed the presence of oxidation products and disulfides. The Ag species had a marked catalytic effect on the formation of oxidation products and thiyl radicals.
Promoting Self-regulated Learning in an Intelligent Tutoring System for Writing

The Writing Pal (W-Pal) is an intelligent tutoring system that was developed to improve students’ writing proficiency; however, it remains relatively unclear whether and how this system promotes self-regulated learning. In previous studies, we have begun to investigate the characteristics of students’ self-assessments, as well as whether interactions with W-Pal can lead to more accurate self-assessments and better writing performance. Here, we propose a series of three experiments that will test whether and how W-Pal can be used to enhance students’ self-regulated learning strategies and, consequently, influence their writing habits and the overall quality of their essays. These studies will examine the role of self-assessment in the writing process, and investigate how explicit instruction on writing criteria and self-regulated learning strategies can improve students’ writing processes and, ultimately, their writing proficiency.
A diversity-penalizing ensemble training method for deep learning.

A common way to improve the performance of deep learning is to train an ensemble of neural networks and combine them during decoding. However, this is computationally expensive in test time. In this paper, we propose an diversity-penalizing ensemble training (DPET) procedure, which trains an ensemble of DNNs, whose parameters were differently initialized, and penalizes differences between each individual DNN’s output and their average output. This way each model learns to emulate the average of the whole ensemble of models, and in test time we can use one arbitrarily chosen member of the ensemble. Experimental results on a variety of speech recognition tasks show that this technique is effective, and gives us most of the WER improvement of the ensemble method while being no more expensive in test time than using a single model.
Advocating Accountability for Gender Justice

Development as an industry has failed to improve women’s conditions coherently or consistently despite its professed intentions. This failure in part rests on an assertion of women’s roles in problematic gendered stereotypes, without recognition of gendered power dynamics. Avoiding gender as a conceptualizing framework in programs for or with women builds on a neoliberal approach to development, in which empowerment becomes operationalized in ways that perpetuate global conditions that accentuate inequities. Yet if we are to be accountable in a socially significant way, we need to advocate for gender justice. It is this sense of accountability, not to a single donor or particular intervention, but to the central cause for concern, that offers hope.
Current treatment of heart failure with reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Heart failure is the commonest cause of hospitalization and of rehospitalization This review paper is a comprehensive review of current treatment of heart failure in 2016. The target of this review is all health care professionals who treat patients with heart failure.Areas covered: This article discusses stages of heart failure, treatment of heart failure with general measures, and drug therapy with diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists, isosorbide dinitrate plus hydralazine, digoxin, other neurohormonal antagonists, sacubitril/valsartan, calcium channel blockers, and ivabradine. This article also discusses treatment of heart failure with use of cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, and surgical therapy, and management of end-stage heart failure. This paper was written after an extensive Medline search reviewing articles written from 1970 through May, 2016.Exper...
Luteal function during the estrous cycle in arginine-treated ewes fed different planes of nutrition

Functions of corpus luteum (CL) are influenced by numerous factors including hormones, growth and angiogenic factors, nutritional plane and dietary supplements such as arginine (Arg), a semi-essential amino acid and precursor for proteins, polyamines and nitric oxide (NO). The aim of this study was to determine if Arg supplementation to ewes fed different planes of nutrition influences: (1) progesterone (P4) concentrations in serum and luteal tissue, (2) luteal vascularity, cell proliferation, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and receptor (R) soluble guanylate cyclase β protein and mRNA expression and (3) luteal mRNA expression for selected angiogenic factors during the estrous cycle. Ewes (n = 111) were categorized by weight and randomly assigned to one of three nutritional planes: maintenance control (C), overfed (2× C) and underfed (0.6× C) beginning 60 days prior to onset of estrus. After estrus synchronization, ewes from each nutritional plane were assigned randomly to one of two treatments: Arg or saline. Serum and CL were collected at the early, mid and late luteal phases. The results demonstrated that: (1) nutritional plane affected ovulation rates, luteal vascularity, cell proliferation and NOS3, GUCY1B3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGFR2 mRNA expression, (2) Arg affected luteal vascularity, cell proliferation and NOS3, GUCY1B3, VEGF and VEGFR2 mRNA expression and (3) luteal vascularity, cell proliferation and the VEGF and NO systems depend on the stage of the estrous cycle. These data indicate that plane of nutrition and/or Arg supplementation can alter vascularization and expression of selected angiogenic factors in luteal tissue during the estrous cycle in sheep.
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block

: Useful in the diagnosis and treatment of the entrapment neuropathy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) known as meralgia paresthetica. Also can be used for surgical anesthesia and/or postoperative pain control for procedures on the anterolateral thigh such as skin graft harvesting and to alleviate tourniquet pain from lower extremity orthopedic procedures.
Simulation of Directed Nanocrack Patterns for the Fabrication of Nanowires

This is a copy of the slides presented at the meeting but not formally written up for the volume. While material fracture is generally considered undesirable, recent experimental work has indicated that cracking can be utilized to create small scale nanowire structures with diameters of 100nm and smaller. Typical nanowire fabrication techniques include the use of a scanning tunneling microscope and electrochemical deposition. Compared to fracture fabricated nanowire structures current fabrication techniques are either extremely slow or require large amounts of post-processing. To become a viable nanowire fabrication technique the cracking of materials must be directed. We propose a computational model to predict propagation paths in large scale crack systems. We utilize the level set method to investigate the creation of nanoscale crack patterns. The level set method allows for large scale simulations of many crack tips while easily accommodating large scale deformations. Unlike traditional methods such as finite elements explicit modeling of the cracks is not needed. We show that the use of multiple materials and etched regions can effectively direct the cracking of a thin film. Using these patterns nanowire structures can be constructed which would be difficult to obtain otherwise.
Pop-up Books: Spectacle and Story

This chapter focuses on movable books as a unique form of adaptation. Pop-up adaptations contribute to a given adaptation network by isolating scenes and moments and by reinforcing through repetition a synecdochic approach to reading literature. In the rendering of three-dimensionality with a two-dimensional medium, pop-up books draw attention to the role perception, expectation, and habit play in constructing boundaries between media. The chapter begins with a brief overview of the genre of movable books and pop-ups. I then address strategies used in movable books to heighten user engagement and to challenge expectations for print media. I focus next on two pop-up adaptations of Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and explore the manner in which pop-up adaptations of classic works balance fidelity to a prose source against the pop-up’s promise of spectacle and surprise. Borrowing from film historian Tom Gunning’s definitions of “cinema of attractions” and “cinema of narrative integration,” I distinguish between spectacle-focused pop-up adaptations, which I call “literature of attractions,” and narrative-focused pop-up adaptations, which I call “pop-up of narrative integration.” I conclude the chapter with a discussion of book sculpture and the role of fan-produced work in adaptation networks.
The Use of Foreshadowing as a Means of Anticipatory Impression Management for Acquisitions

Top managers are concerned about how security analysts will react to announcements of their firms’ strategic moves, so they may work to influence those reactions. To consider how they might do so, ...
Impact of dust exposure on mixed bacterial cultures and during eukaryotic cell co-culture infections

On a daily basis, humans, and their colonizing microbiome, are exposed to both indoor and outdoor dust, containing both deleterious organic and inorganic contaminants, through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Recent studies evaluating the dust exposure responses of opportunistic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, revealed significant increases in biofilm formation following dust exposure. In this study, the effects of dust exposure on mixed bacterial cultures as well as HT-29 co-cultures were evaluated. As it was observed in pure, single bacterial cultures earlier, neither indoor nor outdoor dust exposure (at concentrations of 100 μg/mL) influenced the growth of mixed bacterial liquid cultures. However, when in paired mixed cultures, dust exposure increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and significantly enhanced biofilm formation (outdoor dust). More specifically, mixed cultures (E. coli-Klebsiella pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae-P. aeruginosa, and E. coli-P. aeruginosa) exhibited increased sensitivity to 20 and 50 mM of H2O2 in comparison to their pure, single bacterial culture counterparts and significantly enhanced biofilm production for each mixed culture. Finally, bacterial proliferation during a eukaryotic gut cell (HT29) co-culture was significantly more robust for both K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa when exposed to both house and road dust; however, E. coli only experienced significantly enhanced proliferation, in HT29 co-culture, when exposed to road dust. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that bacteria respond to dust exposure differently when in the presence of multiple bacterial species or when in the presence of human gut epithelial cells, than when grown in isolation.
CORP: Ultrasound assessment of vascular function with the passive leg movement technique

As dysfunction of the vascular system is an early, modifiable step in the progression of many cardiovascular diseases, there is demand for methods to monitor the health of the vascular system nonin...
The palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC20 enhances interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) palmitoylation and antiviral activity

Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular endosome- and lysosome-localized protein that restricts numerous virus infections. IFITM3 is activated by palmitoylation, a lipid posttranslational modification. Palmitoylation of proteins is primarily mediated by zinc finger DHHC domain–containing palmitoyltransferases (ZDHHCs), but which members of this enzyme family can modify IFITM3 is not known. Here, we screened a library of human cell lines individually lacking ZDHHCs 1–24 and found that IFITM3 palmitoylation and its inhibition of influenza virus infection remained strong in the absence of any single ZDHHC, suggesting functional redundancy of these enzymes in the IFITM3-mediated antiviral response. In an overexpression screen with 23 mammalian ZDHHCs, we unexpectedly observed that more than half of the ZDHHCs were capable of increasing IFITM3 palmitoylation with ZDHHCs 3, 7, 15, and 20 having the greatest effect. Among these four enzymes, ZDHHC20 uniquely increased IFITM3 antiviral activity when both proteins were overexpressed. ZDHHC20 colocalized extensively with IFITM3 at lysosomes unlike ZDHHCs 3, 7, and 15, which showed a defined perinuclear localization pattern, suggesting that the location at which IFITM3 is palmitoylated may influence its activity. Unlike knock-out of individual ZDHHCs, siRNA-mediated knockdown of both ZDHHC3 and ZDHHC7 in ZDHHC20 knock-out cells decreased endogenous IFITM3 palmitoylation. Overall, our results demonstrate that multiple ZDHHCs can palmitoylate IFITM3 to ensure a robust antiviral response and that ZDHHC20 may serve as a particularly useful tool for understanding and enhancing IFITM3 activity.
An Innovative Educational Intervention to Improve Nursing Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Skills Surrounding Breastfeeding

Abstract It is important for nurse educators to develop deliberate experiences within the curriculum to educate future nurses not only on the benefits of breastfeeding but also on how to advocate and support the breastfeeding woman. A breastfeeding workshop utilizing innovative teaching strategies was implemented during an obstetrical nursing course in the fall 2017 semester. After the workshop, students reported an increase in knowledge, skills, and attitudes surrounding breastfeeding. The students were able to aptly demonstrate their new breastfeeding knowledge during simulation.
Antiviral Agents: Why Not a “Penicillin” for Viral Infections?

The question asked most frequently by the lay person of someone involved in research on antiviral agents is “When are you going to do something about the common cold?”; the lay press contributes “Why isn’t there something like penicillin for the treatment of viral infections?” The answer usually given is a simple explanation of virus replication and the difficulty of disrupting viral replication without affecting normal cellular functions. For many years it was believed that virus production depended exclusively on cellular metabolic processes. However, this pat answer is only a partial response; it certainly is no longer adequate for the virologist. We have seen from the preceding presentations that many viruses have specific targets which can be identified and characterized, and for which specific blocking agents can be synthesized. Why, then, have we not been more effective in developing new antiviral agents? Again, there is a simple answer — clinicians and virologists have been skeptical about the potential of antivirals, believing effective antivirals would also be toxic; further, we are only now learning sufficient details of the molecular biology of viruses to identify specific blocks. Thus, the effort to date to develop new agents has been minimal. To be successful, greater effort must be expended. All the compounds identified thus far are largely a result of serendipity. None are truly the result of a concentrated effort to develop targeted antiviral agents against a specific virus. Most have come through large screening programs with the production analogs of those substances which show some promise.
Two rare Japanese species of the genusAlbatrellus (Polyporaceae)

Descriptions (mainly of microstructures) are given for two Japanese species:Albatrellus cantharellus (Lloyd) Pouz. andA. yasudai (Lloyd) Pouz. The former is classified, along with other amylosporous species lacking clamps on the context hyphae, asA. subrubescens (Murrill) Pouz.A. yasudai is referred to a new separate subgenusHymenidermiger Pouz. based on the hymeniform cuticle of the pileus, which is a unique character in this genus.
Microcomputer Software for Computer-Aided Ship Design

Le Departement d'Architecture Navale et d'Inginierie Marine de l'Universite du Michigan a ete un leader en matiere d'utilisation de l'ordinateur dans l'enseignement de l'architecture navale. L'article presente certains des logiciels et programmes ordinateur utilises
Petri net transducers for task translation in intelligent machines

Abstract Petri net transducer (PNT) is the key module for the task translation in the coordination theory for Intelligent Machines developed by Wang and Saridis. A PNT is a language translator based on a Petri net controller. PNT provides a general mechanism to control and synchronize task processes of the system modeled by Petri nets. The major advantages using PNTs for language translation over the other classic automata include 1) interconnections among system units can be easily described by Petri nets, but it is difficult to specify them by the classic automata; 2) it is well known that Petri nets are excellent in describing the conflict and concurrence among system units and that the classic automata are inadequate for these phenomena; 3) there are various convenient methods for performing both qualitative and quantitative process analysis for the systems modeled by Petri nets, however, no such methods available for either qualitative or quantitative analysis for the systems modeled by the classic automata.
Development of a Virtual Environment for Environmental Monitoring Education

This paper presents details design and considerations to pilot an educational virtual environment (VE) development. The environment is designed for Freshman engineering students to achieve learning objectives regarding (1) engineering model understanding and prediction, and (2) experimental setup in the context of environmental education. Human computer interaction (HCI) methods are used to inform the design of the virtual environment of the existing physical site through user task analysis. Environmental data is displayed to exhibit the inverse relationship between two water quality parameters to the students. The virtual environment is provided through the use of a smart phone based head-worn display (HWD). Students reported being distracted, which are mostly due to hardware constraints (n = 14).
A laboratory captured 'giving way' episode during a single-leg landing task in an individual with unilateral chronic ankle instability.

Abstract An episode of ‘giving way’ at the ankle is described as excessive inversion of the rearfoot that does not result in an acute ankle sprain and is a unique feature associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Limited data currently exists describing the preparatory movement patterns and those that occur during an episode of ‘giving way. Therefore, this case report describes the movement patterns and the forces generated during an unintentional ‘giving way’ captured while an individual with unilateral CAI was performing a single-leg landing task in a research laboratory. The participant completed five single-leg landing trials for both limbs. 3D lower extremity kinematics and kinetics for the sagittal and frontal plane were extracted from 200 ms before and after initial contact (IC). Relative to the affected and un-affected single-leg landing trials, the ‘giving way’ episode was characterized by an increase in plantarflexion and hip extension moments before and after IC. The plantarflexion deviation dissipated (50 ms post-IC) and was followed by excessive ankle inversion. The ankle began to plantarflex again (150 ms post-IC) and the knee extended (50 ms post-IC) and adducted (100 ms post-IC). As a result, the ankle inversion angle plateaued at 150 ms post-IC. Furthermore, large sagittal plane internal joint moments were observed. In the frontal plane, the ‘giving way’ trial generated a large inversion joint moment which was counteracted by a large internal eversion joint moment. The observed plantarflexion and knee extension and adduction after initial contact likely contributed to preventing the ankle from continuing to invert and avoid an ankle sprain.
Potentials for win-win alliances among animal agriculture and forest products industries: Application of the principles of industrial ecology and sustainable development

Commercial forests in many parts of the world are deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrient-deficient forests often exist in close proximity to large animal feeding operations, meat processing and other food, textile, or other biomass-processing plants, and municipal waste treatment facilities. Many of these facilities produce large surpluses of nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter as gaseous ammonia, urea, uric acid, phosphorus compounds, bacterial sludges, and partially treated municipal wastewaters. These co-existing and substantial nutrient deficiencies and surpluses offer ready-made opportunities for discovery, demonstration, and commercial development of science-based, technology-facilitated, environmentally sound, economically viable, and socially acceptable “win-win alliances” among these major industries based on the principles of industrial ecology and sustainable development. The major challenge is to discover practical means to capture the surplus nutrients and put them to work in forest stands from which value-added products can be produced and sold at a profit.
Economic Insecurity in the Family Tree and the Racial Wealth Gap

A growing body of research documents that middle income households are increasingly facing a higher prevalence of economic insecurity in relatives. We hypothesize that wealth accumulation will be greatly weakened for middle income households with proximity to a larger kin network of economic hardship. We focus on multiple generations and generational peers because they are members of the same family tree, yet they have grown up in different public policy regimes. Using panel data, we find that, compared to their white counterparts, third generation middle income black families are disproportionately exposed to relatives (siblings, cousins, parents, grandparents) that face poverty, unemployment, and wealth disparity. A decomposition of the wealth disparity reveals that economic insecurity in the family tree is one of the largest contributors to the black-white wealth gap among middle income earners in the third generation.
“Gentefication” in the Barrio: Examining the Relationship Between Gentrification and Homicide in East Los Angeles:

Research has increasingly moved toward a consensus that violent crime declines as neighborhoods gentrify, yet some studies find the direction of this relationship varies by type of violent crime. T...
The Cattle Fever Tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, as a Model for Forward Pharmacology to Elucidate Kinin GPCR Function in the Acari

The success of the acaricide amitraz, a ligand of the tick tyramine/octopamine receptor (a G protein-coupled receptor; GPCR), stimulated interest on arthropod-specific GPCRs as targets to control tick populations. This search advances tick physiology because little is known about the pharmacology of tick GPCRs, their endogenous ligands or their physiological functions. Here we explored the tick kinin receptor, a neuropeptide GPCR, and its ligands. Kinins are pleiotropic insect neuropeptides but their function in ticks is unknown. The endogenous tick kinins are unknown and their cDNAs have not been cloned in any species. In contrast, more than 271 insect kinin sequences are available in the DINeR database. To fill this gap, we cloned the kinin cDNA from the cattle fever tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, which encodes 17 predicted kinins, and verified the kinin gene structure. We predicted the kinin precursor sequences from additional seven tick species, including Ixodes scapularis. All species showed an expansion of kinin paracopies. The "kinin core" (minimal active sequence) of tick kinins FX1X2WGamide is similar to those in insects. Pro was predominant at the X2 position in tick kinins. Toward accelerating the discovery of kinin function in ticks we searched for novel synthetic receptor ligands. We developed a dual-addition assay for functional screens of small molecules and/or peptidomimetics that uses a fluorescent calcium reporter. A commercial library of fourteen small molecules antagonists of mammalian neurokinin (NK) receptors was screened using this endpoint assay. One acted as full antagonist (TKSM02) with inhibitory concentration fifty (IC50) of ∼45 μM, and three were partial antagonists. A subsequent calcium bioluminescence assay tested these four antagonists through kinetic curves and confirmed TKSM02 as full antagonist and one as partial antagonist (TKSM14). Antagonists of NK receptors displayed selectivity (>10,000-fold) on the tick kinin receptor. Three peptidomimetic ligands of the mammalian NK receptors (hemokinin 1, antagonist G, and spantide I) were tested in the bioluminescence assay but none were active. Forward approaches may accelerate discovery of kinin ligands, either as reagents for tick physiological research or as lead molecules for acaricide development, and they demonstrate that selectivity is achievable between mammalian and tick neuropeptide systems.
Dynamic risk prediction for diabetes using biomarker change measurements

Dynamic risk models, which incorporate disease-free survival and repeated measurements over time, might yield more accurate predictions of future health status compared to static models. The objective of this study was to develop and apply a dynamic prediction model to estimate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both a static prediction model and a dynamic landmark model were used to provide predictions of a 2-year horizon time for diabetes-free survival, updated at 1, 2, and 3 years post-baseline i.e., predicting diabetes-free survival to 2 years and predicting diabetes-free survival to 3 years, 4 years, and 5 years post-baseline, given the patient already survived past 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years post-baseline, respectively. Prediction accuracy was evaluated at each time point using robust non-parametric procedures. Data from 2057 participants of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) study (1027 in metformin arm, 1030 in placebo arm) were analyzed. The dynamic landmark model demonstrated good prediction accuracy with area under curve (AUC) estimates ranging from 0.645 to 0.752 and Brier Score estimates ranging from 0.088 to 0.135. Relative to a static risk model, the dynamic landmark model did not significantly differ in terms of AUC but had significantly lower (i.e., better) Brier Score estimates for predictions at 1, 2, and 3 years (e.g. 0.167 versus 0.099; difference − 0.068 95% CI − 0.083 to − 0.053, at 3 years in placebo group) post-baseline. Dynamic prediction models based on longitudinal, repeated risk factor measurements have the potential to improve the accuracy of future health status predictions.
Development of an innovative, high speed, large-scaled, and affordable metal additive manufacturing process

Abstract This paper introduces a new additive manufacturing (AM) process which significantly improves the productivity of the current metal AM technologies by combining binder jet printing and stereolithography principles. Three dimensional objects can be printed on a powder bed system where photopolymerization takes place by selectively curing the suspensions containing metallic powder and ultraviolet curable resin in a layer-by-layer fashion. Integration of a digital light projection module allows a high-speed production with dimensional accuracy within 100 µm. Printed parts are sintered at appropriate temperatures to attain metal parts with the final density above 97% and homogenous microstructure without residual stress.
Characteristics of the Multiplicity of Randomized Clinical Trials for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Launched During the Pandemic.

This systematic review examines current randomized clinical trials of therapeutic agents to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Design and study protocol for a cluster randomized trial of a multi-faceted implementation strategy to increase the uptake of the USPSTF hypertension screening recommendations: the EMBRACE study.

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends out-of-office blood pressure (BP) testing to exclude white coat hypertension prior to hypertension diagnosis. Despite improved availability and coverage of home and 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (HBPM, ABPM), both are infrequently used to confirm diagnoses. We used the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) framework, a multi-step process for mapping barriers to theory-informed behavior change techniques, to develop a multi-component implementation strategy for increasing out-of-office BP testing for hypertension diagnosis. Informed by geographically diverse provider focus groups (n = 63) exploring barriers to out-of-office testing and key informant interviews (n = 12), a multi-disciplinary team (medicine, psychology, nursing) used rigorous mixed methods to develop, refine, locally adapt, and finalize intervention components. The purpose of this report is to describe the protocol of the Effects of a Multi-faceted intervention on Blood pRessure Actions in the primary Care Environment (EMBRACE) trial, a cluster randomized control trial evaluating whether a theory-informed multi-component strategy increased out-of-office testing for hypertension diagnosis. The EMBRACE Trial patient sample will include all adults ≥ 18 years of age with a newly elevated office BP (≥ 140/90 mmHg) at a scheduled visit with a primary care provider from a study clinic. All providers with scheduled visits with adult primary care patients at enrolled ACN primary care clinics were included. We determined that the most feasible, effective implementation strategy would include delivering education about out-of-office testing, demonstration/instruction on how to perform out-of-office HBPM and ABPM testing, feedback on completion rates of out-of-office testing, environmental prompts/cues via computerized clinical decision support (CDS) tool, and a culturally tailored, locally accessible ABPM testing service. We are currently comparing the effect of this locally adapted multi-component strategy with usual care on the change in the proportion of eligible patients who complete out-of-office BP testing in a 1:1 cluster randomized trial across 8 socioeconomically diverse clinics. The EMBRACE trial is the first trial to test an implementation strategy for improving out-of-office testing for hypertension diagnosis. It will elucidate the degree to which targeting provider behavior via education, reminders, and decision support in addition to providing an ABPM testing service will improve referral to and completion of ABPM and HBPMs. Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT03480217 , Registered on 29 March 2018
#PuertoRicoSeLevanta: a Closer Look at the Language Used on the First-Year Anniversary of Hurricane Maria

In September of 2017, Puerto Rico was hit by Hurricane Maria. Reactions to the hurricane were widely discussed on the social media site Twitter. The principal aim of the study was to examine the psychological processes of tweets 1-year after Hurricane Maria and compare patterns of psychological processes within tweets originating from Puerto Rico relative to tweets originating from the continental United States and other countries. Also, researchers aim to geo-map the origin of tweets, as well as psychological processes exhibited in tweets worldwide. Researchers collected tweets (N = 1191) using #Maria, #PRSeLevanta, and #PuertoRico between September 20, 2018, and September 25, 2018. Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software application was used to conduct a quantitative linguistic analysis of the sample of tweets, which classified the language utilized in the tweets across affective, social, psychological, and cognitive dimensions. A one-way between-groups multivariate analysis of variance investigated whether the affective, social, psychological, and cognitive dimensions of the language utilized in the tweet varied as a function of where the tweet originated. Tweets varied in psychosocial dimensions as a function of where they originated, such that tweets originating from Puerto Rico used more language classified as positive emotion, cognitive processes, and referencing money in comparison with tweets originating elsewhere. These findings demonstrate how the particular use of words after a traumatic event can provide rich information about psychological processes and health outcomes experienced by individuals in the aftermath of disaster.
Experiences of Rhode Island Assisted Living Facilities in Connecting Residents with Families through Technology During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background and study objective The COVID-19 pandemic has forced assisted living facilities (ALF) to implement strict social isolation for residents. Social isolation in the geriatric population is known to negatively impact health. Here, we describe how ALFs in Rhode Island utilized device donations received from Connect for COVID-19, a nationwide nonprofit organization which has mobilized medical students to gather devices for donations to care centers. Methods Rhode Island ALFs were contacted to determine if they were interested in receiving smart device donations. After donations were made, an impact survey was electronically administered. Primary Results: A total of 11 facilities completed the survey with a response rate of 24% (11/46). The facilities were located throughout all five counties in Rhode Island, with the majority located in Providence County. All but one of the facilities that responded to the survey (n=10, 90.9%) have used the devices to allow residents to video-call their family members. Seven responses (63.6%) indicated that devices were used for more than one purpose. Primary Conclusions: Smart devices were well received by Rhode Island ALFs and used for purposes beyond video conference calls. ALFs should consider advertising the need for devices to encourage community donations. Future studies should investigate the direct impact that digital connectivity has had on Rhode Island ALF residents.
Landscapes of warfare: Intervisibility analysis of Early Iron and Urartian fire beacon stations (Armenia)

Abstract Intervisibility analysis provides valuable insight into the sociocultural significance of archaeological features such as tombs, settlements, signaling installations and other landscape markers. Yet, it is difficult to determine whether these observed patterns are intentional. Archaeological remains that are highly visible in general may be intervisible with other constructions only by coincidence. The present study analyzes Early Iron and Urartian (Biainili) fortified architecture in the Lake Sevan region of Armenia (1100–700 BCE). A Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach to classic GIS intervisibility analysis demonstrates that these ancient people constructed an elaborate fire beacon system. Random-point simulation, statistical validation and historical documentation support these findings, and show that the spatial organization of these fortress-states was the result of regional coordination. The analysis described in this paper constitutes a novel method for discerning the agency of social actors. Moreover, the study reveals that a fire beacon system was already in place by the Early Iron period, and its continuation during the Urartian period betrays a preoccupation with persistent conflict in this ancient landscape of warfare.