cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social and Cognitive Sources of Potential Inaccuracy in Job Analysis

Although it appears that many assume job analysis information is accurate, there is considerable evidence from other fields to suggest that the types of subjective judgments often involved in job analysis may be subject to systematic sources of inaccuracy. Drawing from the social, cognitive, and industrial-organizational psychology literatures, this review develops a framework that delineates 16 potential sources of inaccuracy in job analysis. This includes such social sources as social influence and self-presentation processes as well as cognitive sources such as limited and biased information processing. For each source of inaccuracy, the relevant literature is first reviewed, its potential operation in the job analysis context is described, and propositions for future research are derived. In addition, the likelihood of these sources of inaccuracy across various job analysis facets are described, concluding with recommendations for research and practice. As a process of obtaining information about jobs (McCormick, 1979), job analysis is one of the most widely used organizational data collection techniques. It forms the foundation upon which virtually all other human resource management systems are built (Buffer & Harvey, 1988), including personnel selection, performance appraisal, training, career development, workforce planning, safety, and licensing requirements (Ash, 1988). Its use is mandated to meet legal requirements (Uniform Guidelines, i978), and estimated annual costs for job analyses
Changes in terrestrial carbon storage in the United States. 1: The roles of agriculture and forestry.

Changes in the areas of croplands and pastures, and rates of wood harvest in seven regions of the United States, including Alaska, were derived from historical statistics for the period 1700 -1990. These rates of land-use change were used in a cohort model, together with equa- tions defining the changes in live vegetation, slash, wood products and soil that follow a change in land use, to calculate the annual flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use. 2 The calculated flux increased from less than 10 TgC/yr in 1700 to a maximum of about 400 TgC/yr around 1880 and then decreased to approximately zero by 1950. The total flux for the 290-year period was a release of 32.6 PgC. The area of forests and woodlands declined by 42% (160 〈 10 6 ha), releasing 29 PgC, or 90% of the total flux. Cultivation of soils accounted for about 25% of the carbon loss. Between 1950 and 1990 the annual flux of carbon was
Real-time flight testing using integrity beacons for GPS category III precision landing

A new system based on GPS Integrity Beacons (low-power pseudolite marker beacon transmitters situated underneath the approach path) has been developed to provide the highest possible performance (including accuracy, integrity, and availability) for Category III precision landing using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The landing system based on Integrity Beacons defines the Kinematic GNSS Landing System (KGLS). Two new developments are reported: first, real-time, centimeter-level kinematic satellite positioning using the integrity beacon is evaluated in flight testing, and second, a new paradigm for real-time differential satellite positioning is introduced that eliminates the traditional data link. A special type of Integrity Beacon is the Omni Marker, which rebroadcasts each received satellite signal coherently using a new PRN code. An aircraft receiving both the direct signal and the rebroadcast is capable of differential ranging without a digital data link. The latency associated with traditional differential positioning is completely eliminated.
Accommodation and repair of a UV photoproduct in DNA at different rotational settings on the nucleosome surface.

Cyclobutane-thymine dimers (CTDs), the most common DNA lesion induced by UV radiation, cause 30° bending and 9° unwinding of the DNA helix. We prepared site-specific CTDs within a short sequence bracketed by strong nucleosome-positioning sequences. The rotational setting of CTDs over one turn of the helix near the dyad center on the histone surface was analyzed by hydroxyl radical footprinting. Surprisingly, the position of CTDs over one turn of the helix does not affect the rotational setting of DNA on the nucleosome surface. Gel-shift analysis indicates that one CTD destabilizes histone-DNA interactions by 0.6 or 1.1 kJ/mol when facing away or toward the histone surface, respectively. Thus, 0.5 kJ/mol energy penalty for a buried CTD is not enough to change the rotational setting of sequences with strong rotational preference. The effect of rotational setting on CTD removal by nucleotide excision repair (NER) was examined using Xenopus oocyte nuclear extracts. The NER rates are only 2–3 times lower in nucleosomes and change by only 1.5-fold when CTDs face away or toward the histone surface. Therefore, in Xenopus nuclear extracts, the rotational orientation of CTDs on nucleosomes has surprisingly little effect on rates of repair. These results indicate that nucleosome dynamics and/or chromatin remodeling may facilitate NER in gaining access to DNA damage in nucleosomes.
Planar subarray processing for SAR imaging

A new multiresolution SAR image formation algorithm called planar subarray processing, PSAP, is presented. The PSAP provides the capability to perform intermediate decisions using lower resolution image data to redirect the remaining processing functions. These intermediate decisions can include, target detection, change detection, super resolution, and moving target parameter estimation. The PSAP algorithm has a tree like flow structure using small cascaded FFT stages making it suitable for parallel processor implementation.
Programmer Set and Degree of Language Structure in Programming Performance

The problem of how programming style (a set to use one approach) influences programmer performance and productivity is addressed by applying the findings of a basic laboratory study of sequence extrapolatinn. The study suggests increased efficacy on complicated programming problems might be obtained through a structured style, but at the cost of increased time spent on simpler problems.
Challenges During Epilepsy Surgery in Pediatric Patients

At least 1.5 million people in the USA have epilepsy – 0.5–1% of the population. Most often epilepsy presents during the first decade of life, with up to 50% of the cases occurring before the age of 5 years. Of these, 60% have focal epilepsy, and approximately 20% become drug resistant or refractory. Early onset of intractable seizures, particularly in children less than 3 years old, has a very poor prognosis. Epilepsy is considered refractory if seizures continue after 2 years of pharmacological treatment with 2–3 appropriately selected drugs with good patient compliance. Typically, the frequency or severity of seizures in this situation prevents normal function and/or development. Moreover, patients with refractory epilepsy commonly suffer from the side effects and complications of high-dose anti-epileptic drugs. Indeed, even in the therapeutic range, antiepileptic medications can significantly influence the developing brain. In addition to the risk of cognitive dysfunction, physical issues are also associated with medically intractable seizures. These patients have higher rates of accidental death or sudden death, ranging from 2 to 18%, as compared to cause of death in all people with epilepsy. Only half of the patients with medically intractable seizures or refractory epilepsy are able to become self-supporting on reaching adulthood. Therefore, early surgical intervention increases the chances of significantly reducing or eliminating seizures, improving quality of life, reducing the risk of cognitive, behavioral and motor developmental damage and decreasing the risk for permanent brain injury in infants and young children. Common causes of pediatric refractory epilepsy that are amenable to surgery include tumors, cortical malformations, vascular abnormalities, and certain epileptic syndromes.
Territorio y ambiente en las Zonas de Reserva Campesina de Colombia

El presente articulo se basa en una investigacion original centrada en analizar el concepto de ordenamiento ambiental territorial en las Zonas de Reserva Campesina (ZRC) en Colombia desde las perspectivas del campesinado y el Estado. Inicialmente, situa la dimension geografica del analisis con los conceptos de espacio y territorio. Luego, toma herramientas analiticas sobre la cuestion agraria, para situar a las ZRC como parte de la Reforma Agraria de la decada de 1990. Enfatiza como la mirada de la cuestion agraria esta sesgada hacia el comportamiento economico, ignorando el sentido de construccion territorial de propuestas como las ZRC en el marco de la construccion estatal del ordenamiento territorial. Presenta algunas estructuras organizativas (Juntas de Accion Comunal), y dinamicas locales con el espacio (vereda y propuesta de Unidades Ambientales Campesinas) para justificar este argumento. El objetivo del articulo es articular los debates economicos de la cuestion agraria con un enfoque geografico centrado en lo territorial, para analizar como las ZRC son propuestas de territorialidad campesina donde el elemento ambiental juega un rol crucial en la negociacion de esta territorialidad con el Estado. Finalmente, el articulo invita a la reflexion sobre que significa y para que sirve “lo ambiental” en las luchas campesinas contemporaneas.
Absorption spectroscopy in solids under shock compression

Experimental techniques that allow measurement of the optical absorption spectra of solids during the short time interval that they can be compressed dynamically offer the opportunity to supplement the more familiar equation of state data, which are usually reported in the form of a Hugoniot curve [1], with knowledge of the transition element (cation) coordination environment, charge transfer energy spectrum, and population of electronic states at high (dynamic) pressures. In principle, shock pressures in excess of 100 GPa (1 Mbar) can be obtained; moreover, the absolute pressures are known for any given experiment to ~ 1%. The spectral range,however, is limited to about 350 to 700 nm by the response of photographic film. Thus spectroscopy under dynamic compression offers both advantages and disadvantages with respect to the gathering of spectral data in static high-pressure equipment [2,3]. In addition to the application of spectroscopic data in obtaining a fundamental understanding of the solid-state physics and chemistry of solids, high-pressure optical data have two important applications to the physics of the earth’s interior, particularly with regard to the environment of the lower mantle of the earth. In the pressure regime above ~30 GPa, a major objective of both contemporary static [4,5] and dynamic [6,7] experimentation is the discovery and characterization of the crystal structures appropriate for the silicates and oxides of the earth’s lower mantle. Because transition element absorption spectra are highly sensitive to the coordination number and geometry of the cation sites in oxides and silicates, the present techniques appear promising with regard to distinguishing among the different possible high-pressure phases [8]. The second geophysical application of spectral data for candidate mantle minerals and their crystal-chemical analogs is the determination of the dependence of photon opacity and index of refraction on wavelength, pressure, and temperature. The opacity and, to a lesser extent, the index of refraction (a subject not addressed by the present paper) control the radiative transport of heat in the temperature regime of the earth’s lower mantle (⪞ 3000 K) [9–12].
From Wind to the Electric Grid: Comprehensive Modeling of Wind Turbine Systems

A detailed model of a full-conversion wind turbine (WT) is presented in this article. The developed model uses cosimulation by several freeware WT simulation tools-such as the turbulent wind simulator (TurbSim) and Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FA ST), both from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)-and commercial software to perform a detailed analysis of all WT components. An optimal level of model complexity is achieved to allow the design, analysis, and simulation of the controls and subsystem interactions within a turbine under various conditions. The article introduces a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control for a variable-speed WT with stall power regulation and analyzes its influence on flexible blades and the drivetrain. The proposed simulation tools and the developed model reveal some stability issues and subsystem interaction complexities that are not visible in simpler models. In this article, modeling results are presented that detail the performance of the WT system.
Mechanisms of Interlimb Phase Control

During locomotion there is a phase lag in the movement of one limb when compared to the movement of another limb. The neurons responsible for the regulation of interlimb phase have been described in the swimmeret system of the crayfish. These neurons are termed coordinating neurons. Their axons originate in one limb-bearing ganglion of the ventral nerve cord and terminate in neighboring ganglia of the nerve cord. When the axons of coordinating neurons are cut, interlimb phase regulation is destroyed. These interneurons are active during a specific fraction of the movement cycle of a limb (the “modulator” limb). This activity pattern persists in the absence of sensory discharge from the “modulator” limb. The discharge of coordinating neurons can alter the timing of locomotory movements in another limb (the “modulated” limb). Such an alteration is termed a phase shift. Both the magnitude and direction of the phase shift depend upon the arrival time of the coordinating neuron discharge in the movement cycle of the modulated limb. A systematic plot of these phase shifts is termed the “phase response curve” (PRC). The PRC can be obtained utilizing a “cut command neuron” preparation. Such a preparation leaves the coordinating neurons intact and permits separate electrical control of each limb. The magnitude of interlimb phase can be predicted if the values of the following are known: (1) the intrinsic cycle period of the modulator limb, (2) the intrinsic cycle period of the modulated limb, and (3) the PRC.
Paraphrasing Strategy Instruction in Content Area Text

Reading comprehension is important for academic success and is a skill required for many activities in school and beyond. With the implementation of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), many teachers have reported feeling overwhelmed by the expectations that reading and writing skills should be emphasized, taught, and supported in the content area classroom. This article discusses how to teach a paraphrasing strategy using the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) model in content area texts to support the development of comprehension skills. The strategy can easily be incorporated into existing curriculum as a support for a variety of readers who struggle with comprehension and aligns well with the CCSS.
Reading Difficulties in Young Children Beyond Basic Early Literacy Skills

Despite decades of research on reading development and instructional practices that promote reading proficiency, millions of children in the United States still fail to acquire adequate reading ski...
Abstract LB-268: Black rapsberries induced protection in pancreatic cancer mouse models

Backgrounds and objectives Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the 12th most common cancer worldwide with 338,000 new cases diagnosed in 2012. The estimated 5-year survival rate of diagnosed PDAC patients is less than 4%, making it the 7th leading cause of cancer death. Over-expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors and ErbB2 receptors has been associated with the development and progression of human PDAC. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been reported to reduce the risk of PDAC incidence and its recurrence. Our current study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary black raspberries (BRBs) on pancreatic carcinogenesis.. Methods 4-5 weeks old pancreas-specific (Pdx-1-cre) mutant mice that carry constitutively-activated oncogene K-ras (G12D) and loss-of-function tumor-suppressor gene Trp53 (R172H), hereafter refers to KPC mice, were fed with control (n = 26) or 5% BRB (n = 29) diet. In addition, orthotopic pancreatic cancer xenografts were injected with luciferase transfected human Panc-1 cells. Four weeks after Panc-1 cells were injected, these mice were given control (n = 8) or 5% BRB (n = 19) diet for 6 weeks. Results Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that BRBs prolonged survival of KPC mice with a medium survival of 124 days in comparison to 79 days from mice fed with control diet (p = 0.03). Molecular studies suggest that BRBs decreased the activation of EGF receptor and ErbB2 receptor signaling pathways. Further, BRBs significantly suppressed growth of Panc-1 tumors and it was associated with decreased EGF receptor activation. Conclusion These results suggest that BRBs might protect against carcinogenesis of PDAC through regulating EGF receptor and ErbB2 receptor signaling pathways. Further investigation of the downstream pathways of EGF receptor and ErbB2 receptor activation is warranted. Citation Format: Pan Pan, Chad Skaer, Hsin Tzu Wang, Susan Tsai, Kiyoko Oshima, Yi-Wen Huang, Gary Stoner, John Lechner, Li-Shu Wang. Black rapsberries induced protection in pancreatic cancer mouse models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-268. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-268
Stage-specific oligonucleotide uptake in murine bone marrow B-cell precursors.

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated phosphodiester and phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were used in four-color flow cytometry with murine bone marrow cells stained with monoclonal antibody specific for the differentiation markers B220, S7 (CD43), and BP-1 to show possible stage-specific oligonucleotide uptake. Relatively low uptake was observed among pre-Pro- and early Pro-B cells. Late Pro- B- and pre-B cells had increased oligonucleotide uptake, whereas B cells had a lower level. Cell membrane binding of oligonucleotides varied during B-cell differentiation in parallel with internalization, which was documented by confocal microscopy. An FITC-conjugated polyanionic dextran sulfate also showed differentiation-related B-cell association, suggesting the presence of cell membrane binding sites specific for polyanions as opposed to a unique feature of the DNA backbone. Interpretation of antisense experiments in murine bone marrow cells will need to account for the heterogeneous oligonucleotide uptake among differentiating B cells.
Current and Future Platforms for Robotic Colorectal Surgery

The use of robot-assisted surgery has dramatically increased over the last decade and is now being employed in virtually every surgical specialty. The appeal of robotic-assisted surgery is improved vision, accuracy and precision, favorable surgeon ergonomics, as well as dexterity with wristed instruments in minimally invasive procedures. However, the vision of robotic surgery has shifted since its early development in the late 1980s. Originally, the use of robotic platforms was being explored in specific urological and orthopedic procedures to increase precision and accuracy, but it did not take long before the concept of “telepresence” surgery gained traction [1]. Large-scale research began under the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to remotely use robotic technology to save soldiers wounded on the battlefield. However, an inappropriately long latency period of 1.2 s, from the movement of the controls on the workstation until the signal arrived at the manipulator, significantly degraded the accuracy of tasks. However, location-specific robotic platforms do not have this limitation. Therefore, the clinical realization of robotics was to improve upon the limitations of laparoscopic surgery (loss of three-dimensional visualization, less stable handheld camera platform and limited dexterity) which led to successful commercial development of the technology. Currently, there is only one corporation, Intuitive Surgical, Inc, with FDA approval for conducting business with clinical devices. Intuitive, Inc. dominates a roughly $5 billion annual market for robotic surgery platforms. However, global annual medical robotic revenues are expected to grow to $20 billion by 2020.
Variable ranking with PCA: finding multiparametric MR imaging markers for prostate cancer diagnosis and grading

Although multiparametric (MP) MRI (MP-MRI) is a valuable tool for prostate cancer (CaP) diagnosis, considerable challenges remain in the ability to quantitatively combine different MRI parameters to train integrated, fused meta-classifiers for in vivo disease detection and characterization. To deal with the large number of MRI parameters, dimensionality reduction schemes such as principal component analysis (PCA) are needed to embed the data into a reduced subspace to facilitate classifier building. However, while features in the embedding space do not provide physical interpretability, direct feature selection in the high-dimensional space is encumbered by the curse of dimensionality. The goal of this work is to identify the most discriminating MP-MRI features for CaP diagnosis and grading based on their contributions in the reduced embedding obtained by performing PCA on the full MP-MRI feature space. In this work we demonstrate that a scheme called variable importance projection (VIP) can be employed in conjunction with PCA to identify the most discriminatory attributes. We apply our new PCA-VIP scheme to discover MP-MRI markers for discrimination between (a) CaP and benign tissue using 12 studies comprised of T2-w, DWI, and DCE MRI protocols and (b) high and low grade CaP using 36 MRS studies. The PCA-VIP score identified ADC values obtained from Diffusion and Gabor gradient texture features extracted from T2- w MRI as being most significant for CaP diagnosis. Our method also identified 3 metabolites that play a role in CaP detection--polyamine, citrate, and choline--and 4 metabolites that differentially express in low and high grade CaP: citrate, choline, polyamine, and creatine. The PCA-VIP scheme offers an alternative to traditional feature selection schemes that are encumbered by the curse of dimensionality.
How to Criminalize Incest

This chapter, part of a larger book-length project titled Criminalizing Sex--A Unified Theory, offers a “normative reconstruction” of the law of incest, consisting of four parts: Part I looks at the concept of incest as a complex cultural taboo, one which has attracted the attention of a wide range of social scientists and theorists. Part II considers the striking multiplicity of ways in which incest has been dealt with across systems of criminal law, including the fact that a broad swath of “civilian” jurisdictions do not treat it as a crime at all. Part III considers instances in which adults have sex with closely related juveniles, arguing (on “fair labeling” grounds) that such cases should be treated as an aggravated form of statutory rape, rather than as a separate, free-standing offense of “juvenile incest.” Part IV looks at incestuous relationships between adults. In most such cases, it is argued, criminal sanctions are unjustifiable unless lack of consent can specifically be proved. Two possible exceptions exist, however, where the adult relationship is a continuation of one that began when one of the parties was a minor, or where the two parties are in a hierarchical relationship, such as that between parent and child. In such cases, lack of consent could be presumed, subject to rebuttal evidence that consent was genuinely given.
A Genetic Assessment of a Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, Stock Enhancement Program

The South Carolina Department of Natural Resources began a stock enhancement research program for red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, as a possible management strategy for augmenting the availability of juveniles for recreational harvest in South Carolina estuaries. Between 1999 and 2011, approximately 6 million juveniles and 260 million larvae were stocked into the Charleston Harbor (CH) estuary, and proportions of stocked fish were found through standardized sampling as high as 49.6% within a subadult year-class and up to 12% within the spatially separate spawning population. This study evaluated the genetic influences of stocking on the spawning population, using microsatellite loci, and examined any changes in genetic diversity metrics over the course of the stock enhancement program. Percent contribution of stocked fish among subadult and adult collections was compared against measures of genetic diversity. No statistically significant correlations were found among genetic diversity metrics, suggesting that responsible stocking of red drum as small juveniles has not altered the genetic diversity of adults spawning offshore the CH. Life-history characteristics likely play a large role in mitigating changes in genetic diversity, despite high contributions of stocked fish in some years, because red drum exhibit a long adult life span and benefit from overlapping generations.
Self-Directed Training: John Lennon and Paul McCartney

It is widely held that the cornerstone of the Beatles’ success was the synergy between John Lennon and Paul McCartney; many music critics and scholars agree that their dyad was the most successful and influential that popular music had seen. Indeed, much has been written regarding the Lennon–McCartney partnership and the ostensive reasons for its break-up. By 1969, the individual conditions of Lennon and McCartney were different. McCartney, on the one hand, was flourishing from his self-education as a musician, songwriter, and producer and by this time had become the de facto group leader, while Lennon was fundamentally withdrawn and apathetic regarding his partnership with McCartney, as well as the Beatles as a band. This essay discusses how, beyond “sex, drugs, and rock and roll,” Lennon’s and McCartney’s self-training and self-directed learning styles, particularly, may have impacted the dyad and affected the longevity of the group, in general.
AID Invited to the G4 Summit

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Qiao et al. (2017) use both biochemical and structural approaches to report AID-preferred nucleic acid substrates, illuminating AID targeting mechanisms during CSR and SHM.
A triethylene glycol dimethacrylate- free dental composite for reduced water-sorption and shrinkage:

A number of new liquid urethane-based oligomers were synthesized, characterized and used to formulate the dental composites. Compressive strength and viscosity were used as a screen tool to evaluat...
Marketing Social Class and Ideology in Post-World-War-Two American Print Advertising:

American beliefs about social class are not always accurate. Up to half of Americans claim to belong to the middle class, and many believe in an egalitarian society where social mobility is possibl...
StalkNet: A Deep Learning Pipeline for High-Throughput Measurement of Plant Stalk Count and Stalk Width

Recently, a body of computer vision research has studied the task of high-throughput plant phenotyping (measurement of plant attributes). The goal is to more rapidly and more accurately estimate plant properties as compared to conventional manual methods. In this work, we develop a method to measure two primary yield attributes of interest; stalk count and stalk width that are important for many broad-acre annual crops (sorghum, sugarcane, corn, maize for example). Prior work of using convolutional deep neural networks for plant analysis has either focused on object detection or dense image segmentation. In our work, we develop a novel pipeline that accurately extracts both detected object regions and dense semantic segmentation for extracting both stalk counts and stalk width. A ground-robot called the Robotanist is used to deploy a high-resolution stereo imager to capture dense image data of experimental plots of Sorghum plants. We ground-truth validate data extracted using two humans who assess the traits independently and we compare both accuracy and efficiency of human versus robotic measurements. Our method yields R-squared correlation of 0.88 for stalk count and a mean absolute error of 2.77 mm where average stalk width is 14.354 mm. Our approach is 30 times faster for stalk count and 270 times faster for stalk width measurement.
Interpretation, Politicization, and Institutionalization: A Rhetorical Analysis of the King Memorial’s Dedication Ceremony

Chapter 4 outlines a rhetorical analysis of the King Memorial’s dedication ceremony, which featured singers, celebrities, politicians, and activists, and culminated with a speech from President Barack Obama. Significantly, this chapter reveals the official or, at least, preferred interpretations of the site as articulated by those empowered to speak or perform at the event. Additionally, the chapter discusses how those individuals linked King’s memory to their own political agendas. Finally, the analysis examines how event participants helped the Memorial institutionalize King’s memory.
Principles and Categories from Leibniz to Peirce in Five Easy Steps

In this chapter I consider the role played by fundamental metaphysical categories and, in particular, their relation to metaphysical commitments regarding the status of logic, in the philosophy of Leibniz, Kant and Peirce. In doing so, I show how Kant’s critical project is deeply grounded in his response to Leibniz’s categorical metaphysics, and I assess the implications for Kant’s critical project of the decisions he makes concerning the philosophical status of logic. In particular, Kant’s response to Leibniz dovetails with Kant’s overall tendency in the critical project to prioritize practical over theoretical rationality. Peirce, in turn, takes up Kant’s prioritization of practical over theoretical rationality but with a renewed commitment to a more traditional logical orientation, with the consequence that theoretical rationality is collapsed into practical rationality in Peirce’s pragmatic philosophy.
Inhibin and activin: Molecular aspects of regulation and function

Inhibins and activins exhibit a broad spectrum of biologic activities, many of which affect the reproductive axis. Within the ovary and testis, the synthesis of the inhibin and activin alpha and beta subunits is regulated by circulating hormones, such as the pituitary gonadotropins, and by diverse paracrine factors. Considerable progress has been made in establishing patterns of inhibin and activin subunit gene expression in the gonads and in cultured gonadal cells. Analysis of the inhibin and activin subunit genes is now providing insight into the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms by which inhibin and activin subunit gene expression is modulated in the ovary and testis. Genetic manipulation of the inhibin and activin subunit genes promises additional revelations on the biologic functions of these intriguing hormones.
Stem cells and kidney regeneration

Abstract The role of stem cells in regenerative medicine is evolving rapidly. Scientists have looked at various sources of stem cells searching for alternative approaches in regenerative medicine. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a potentially devastating disorder in clinical medicine, with high mortality rates. Among many therapeutic options researchers have recently focused on stem cells with optimism that these pluripotential single units of life may hold the potential to overcome the current challenges in regenerative medicine. Several studies have addressed the roles of endogenous bone-marrow-derived stem cells in the repair of injured kidney. Exogenous stem cells with different origins have shown to contribute to structural and functional recovery of both glomerular and tubular compartments.
Negative interactions with the microbiota: IBD.

Mucosal surfaces are colonized by a complex microbiota that provides beneficial functions under normal physiological conditions, but is capable of contributing to chronic inflammatory disease in susceptible individuals. Of the mucosal tissues, the mammalian intestine harbors an especially high number of microbes with a remarkable diversity. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the intestinal mucosa. Evidence from human studies and animal models provides compelling support that intestinal microbes play a key role in disease pathogenesis. While the existence a specific causative pathogen is possible, it appears more likely that intestinal microbes normally present as commensal microbiota may trigger inflammation and perpetuate disease in genetically susceptible individuals. There may be also a shift in the makeup of the commensal flora to a nonphysiologic composition that is more prone to disease (termed dysbiosis). Evidence supports that genetic susceptibility stems from one or more defects in mucosal immune functions, including microbe recognition, barrier function, intercellular communication and antimicrobial effector mechanisms. It is quite plausible to imagine that the chronic inflammation of IBD may in some cases be a normal immune response to an abnormal adherent invasive microbiota and in other cases an over exuberant immune response to an otherwise normal commensal microbiota.
Quantitative analysis of PET/CT in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma

1534 Objectives: Low FDG uptake has been reported in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), potentially leading to false negative interpretations on PET alone. We correlated tumor density on CT with SUV max on FDG PET and the pathology results in patients with BAC or adenocarcinoma with BAC components (Adeno+BAC). Tumor size, FDG uptake and HUV were also determined. Methods: This was a retrospective study on a consecutive series of 54 patients with 57 lesions (26 BAC, 31 Adeno+ BAC) who underwent FDG-PET/CT scan with the SUV and Hounsfield units (HU) reported. The correlation between SUV and HU was determined by using Pearson correlation coefficient test. Results: A total of 26 lesions with BAC had a median SUV max of 1.48 (range, 0.63 to 4.54). 31 lesions diagnosed as Adeno+BAC had a median SUV max of 6.03 (range, 2.45 to 24) (p A strong positive correlation between tumor size and HU was observed in Adeno+BAC group (P=0.0002). Conclusions: PET/CT can help differentiate between BAC and adeno+BAC by using tumor size, CT density and metabolic activity. Pure BAC exhibits smaller size, lower FDG uptake and lower tumor density compared to Adeno+BAC. Many BAC have low SUV (
Clínica Comunitaria Esperanza: Strategy for Health Promotion and Engagement With Hispanic Communities.

A 2009 community needs assessment highlighted the health care gap facing Hispanic residents in Hampton, Virginia, one of the major cities served by Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS). Survey respondents indicated the following as health care barriers: language, lack of knowledge, and lack of a community health center. EVMS students worked to bridge the health care gap between existing needs and services by establishing and maintaining the Clinica Comunitaria Esperanza, a culturally and linguistically competent student-run free clinic serving uninsured Hispanics in the Hampton Roads area. This article provides a model for engaging effectively with a priority population through partnerships that facilitate understanding of the community concerns, values, culture, and existing local resources that serve as determinants of health. This article further illustrates how the integration of two preexisting EVMS programs, the HOPES (Health Outreach Partnership of EVMS Students) Clinic and the Medical Spanish program, has supported the development and sustainability of Clinica Comunitaria Esperanza. The HOPES Clinic is a student-run free clinic that provides both general and specialty care to uninsured patients. EVMS' Medical Spanish program is a longitudinal service learning initiative composed of medical students, faculty, and staff dedicated to providing inclusive health care to meet the needs of the local Spanish-speaking community.
In an ionic liquid, high local friction is determined by the proximity to the charge network

Structural heterogeneity in Ionic Liquids (ILs) is to a large extent defined by nanoscale apolar pockets that act as spacers between strings of positive and negative charges that alternate. In contrast to this, recent work from our group and that of others appear to indicate that dynamic, energetic, and mechanical heterogeneities are governed by the charged part of the liquid. In this article, we study the dynamics of methane, a small apolar solute, in the family of ILs 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Im1,n+/NTf2−), with n = 2, 4, 8 at temperatures that make the viscosity for each liquid similar and around 8 cP. We do this in an attempt to equalize the effect of the solvent on the dynamics of the solute. In all cases, we find that solute proximity to charge-enhanced regions coincides with translationally caged regimes (high local friction) whereas the opposite is true in charge-depleted regions. In a way, these ILs behave like a liquid within a liquid where the charge network is the high friction component.Structural heterogeneity in Ionic Liquids (ILs) is to a large extent defined by nanoscale apolar pockets that act as spacers between strings of positive and negative charges that alternate. In contrast to this, recent work from our group and that of others appear to indicate that dynamic, energetic, and mechanical heterogeneities are governed by the charged part of the liquid. In this article, we study the dynamics of methane, a small apolar solute, in the family of ILs 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Im1,n+/NTf2−), with n = 2, 4, 8 at temperatures that make the viscosity for each liquid similar and around 8 cP. We do this in an attempt to equalize the effect of the solvent on the dynamics of the solute. In all cases, we find that solute proximity to charge-enhanced regions coincides with translationally caged regimes (high local friction) whereas the opposite is true in charge-depleted regions. In a way, these ILs behave like a liquid within a liquid where the charge networ...
THE IMPACT OF BASELINE MITRAL REGURGITATION ON THE DEGREE OF LEFT ATRIAL REMODELING AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION

The effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) on left ventricular (LV) geometry has been thoroughly investigated; however, it's relation to left atrial (LA) geometry and the impact of baseline mitral regurgitation (MR) on these changes is not well defined. We queried our
Lifecycle dominates the volatilome character of the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides spp.

Valley fever (coccidioidomycosis) is an endemic fungal pneumonia of the North and South American deserts. The causative agents of Valley fever are the dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii, which grow as mycelia in the environment and spherules within the lungs of vulnerable hosts. The current diagnostics for Valley fever are severely lacking due to poor sensitivity and invasiveness, contributing to a 23-day median time-to-diagnosis, and therefore new diagnostic tools are needed. We are working toward the development of a breath-based diagnostic for coccidioidomycosis, and in this initial study we characterized the volatile metabolomes (or volatilomes) of in vitro cultures of Coccidioides. Using solid-phase microextraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS), we characterized the VOCs produced by six strains of each species during mycelial or spherule growth. We detected a total of 353 VOCs that were at least two-fold more abundant in a Coccidioides culture versus medium controls and found the volatile metabolome of Coccidioides is more dependent on growth phase (spherule versus mycelia) than on the species. The volatile profiles of C. posadasii and C. immitis have strong similarities, indicating that a single suite of Valley fever breath biomarkers can be developed to detect both species.
Potential use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbSTH) on Minnesota dairy farms

An account is given of the effects of somatotropin on milk yield and composition, feed intake, health and reproduction, and of the effect of stage of lactation on the response to somatotropin. Economic aspects are considered.
Structure and Content in the United States Code

This paper explores the relationship between statutory structure—as realized through hierarchical organization and a cross-reference citation network—and semantic content. We report several novel descriptive statistics concerning the United States Code (USC), including the results of the first application to this corpus of the machine learning technique of topic modeling. We find that the topic model performs quite well in discovering relevant legal categories, as expressed in the subject-matter organization of the USC. We estimate relationships between formal structure and topic content and find that the assortativity of “titles” (the highest level hierarchy within the USC) and the assortativity of related topics are highly similar. We also examine the degree of mutual information between statutory structure and content and find that alternative machine learning techniques are able to recover information about structure from content, indicating some level of mutual information. Our analysis can be used to develop superior measures of legal complexity with the potential to improve studies that seek to understand the importance of legal complexity for social outcomes (such as compliance costs or economic growth). Our work also has potential applications for the study of law search and in developing tools to facilitate public access to the law.
Functions of Aggression and Peer Likeability in Elementary School Children across Time

We examined associations between proactive and reactive aggression and peer likability across two academic years. Analyses were based on a sample of 442 elementary school children. Proactive and re...
Constructing and analyzing the LSM compaction design space

Log-structured merge (LSM) trees offer efficient ingestion by appending incoming data, and thus, are widely used as the storage layer of production NoSQL data stores. To enable competitive read per...
A Transparent Pullout Testing Device for 3D Evaluation of Soil–Geogrid Interaction

This paper presented a newly developed transparent pullout testing device conceived with the objective of studying the soil–geogrid interaction under small displacements and strains. The bottom plate and the side walls of the pullout box were transparent. The system involved a transparent soil, which was tested as a surrogate for sands in the testing program. The setup led to 3D visualization of the soil–geogrid interaction as it allowed direct visualization of the plan view of the geogrid as well as of the side view of the soil–geogrid interface. Markers embedded in the transparent soil mass allowed tracking of soil particle displacements during the test. The tests were conducted using a polypropylene biaxial geogrid and both transparent soil and a conventional sand. Displacements along the geogrid were obtained continuously using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques in tests with transparent soil, and using tell-tails at five junctions in tests with sand. Comparison of test results with both soils showed that the transparent soil constitutes a good surrogate for sands in pullout studies. The pullout test with transparent soil also indicated that displacements along the geogrid could be properly described using an exponential function. Moreover, exponential fitting to the displacement data led to an exponential distribution of strains along the geogrid during pullout testing. Deflections of transverse ribs were first observed at early stages of the test when only 25 % of the maximum pullout force developed. The observed displacement patterns of the soil markers were useful in defining the zone of influence of the geogrid, which could be successfully quantified using the newly developed testing device. Overall, the new equipment was found to represent an effective tool to better understand the mechanisms involved in soil–geogrid interaction, particularly those that are relevant to quantify the interface stiffness.
Resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

Drug resistance is a major factor that limits the efficacy of targeted cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the main known mechanisms of resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are the most prevalent class of targeted therapeutic agent in current clinical use. Here we focus on bypass track resistance, which involves the activation of alternate signaling molecules by tumor cells to bypass inhibition and maintain signaling output, and consider the problems of signaling pathway redundancy and how the activation of different receptor tyrosine kinases translates into intracellular signal transduction in different cancer types. This information is presented in the context of research strategies for the discovery of new targets for pharmacological intervention, with the goal of overcoming resistance in order to improve patient outcomes.
YAP and TAZ drive matrix stiffness-dependent fibroblast activation (1180.6)

Fibroblasts actively respond to changes in extracellular matrix mechanical properties, and positive feedback between matrix stiffness and fibroblast activation may play a pivotal role in fibrosis. ...
Golden Handshakes: Rewards for CEOs Who Leave

This paper studies separation payments made when CEOs leave their firms. In my sample ofFortune 500 companies these packages are widespread and lucrative. Almost 80 percent of CEOs receive separation pay, and its mean present value exceeds $4.5 million. Severance is positively associated with future pay that CEOs might expect until age 65, and is higher when CEOs depart involuntarily. Shareholders react negatively when separation agreements are disclosed, but only in cases of voluntary CEO turnover. Some evidence suggests that severance pay acts as a bonding device between the board and CEO, while other evidence accords with theories of rent extraction.
Adaptive space-time processing for radar receive arrays with time-varying two-dimensional subband decompositions

A new two-dimensional adaptive processor structure is introduced for radar receive arrays. This new processor utilizes a tree-structured filterbank to implement a non-uniform partitioning of the spatio-temporal frequency domain, and thus provides a multiresolution approach to jammer localization and adaptive nulling. It is shown that when platform restrictions limit the allowable number of adaptive weights, the filterbank structure processor utilizing the simple normalized LMS algorithm is capable of a faster speed of convergence than the standard tapped-delay-line structure employing the LMS or least squares algorithms. Furthermore, it is possible for the minimum mean-square error of the filterbank processor to be lower than that attainable with the standard tapped-delay-line structure. >