cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thymidine kinase and deoxyribonucleic acid metabolism in growing and regenerating livers from rats on controlled feeding schedules.

Abstract Rats accustomed to eating during the first 8h of a daily 12h dark period re-established about 80% of intact liver weight, protein and DNA within 4 days following partial hepatectomy; further increases were not observed. Liver thymidine kinase activity and thymidine incorporation into liver DNA exhibited marked daily oscillations during liver regeneration. Maximum values were observed near the end of the dark period both in intact growing rats and in rats partially hepatectomized 2h before the end of the dark period. The time of day of surgery affected thymidine kinase activity and thymidine incorporation into DNA at specific times following partial hepatectomy. This seriously affects the interpretation of reports of experiments where the time of day of killing has been held constant and time of surgery varied. Highly significant correlation coefficients were observed for thymidine incorporation before killing versus thymidine kinase activity at time of killing and for thymidine versus orotic acid incorporation into DNA of livers from rats partially hepatectomized 2h before the end of the dark period and killed at 12h intervals. Thymidylate phosphatase activity returned to the normal amount at a rate similar to that for liver protein. Thymidylate phosphatase did not affect the validity of the thymidine kinase assay. The relationship of [14C]orotic acid to [3H]thymidine incorporation into liver DNA varied with the time of day, with the age of the rat and during the regeneration of the liver.
Nature of a Sweat Response to Drugs with Nicotine-like Action

SummaryLocalized sweat secretion can be elicited by intradermal injection of drugs with nicotine-like action. This effect is accomplished through a peripheral axon reflex mechanism which is easily differentiated experimentally from the direct muscarine action of acetylcholine on the sweat glands.
Beyond binaries: Reflections on hybrid geographies

In the last century,geography as a discipline has witnessed a rift between spatial-analytical geographies and social-cultural geographies,resulting in lasting effect on the discipline.In this article,I explore how the social-theory/spatial-analysis split in geography arose.I argue that,instead of insisting on a unitary identity for the discipline,forging productive relations between different traditions,specialties and subfelds seems to be a more viable strategy for enhancing the status of geography.I consider some possibilities for reconnecting social-cultural and spatial-analytical geographies by revisiting the relations between epistemology and method in geography.I suggest that there can be both positivist and non-positivist use of quantitative/GIS-based spatial analysis and qualitative methods,which makes the mixed-use of the two methods possible.Then I examine the notion of hybridity and its potential for redressing this polarizing tendency in the discipline,and summarize the existing practice of hybrid geographies.There are at least three common practices towards hybrid geographies.The most common hybrid practices are those that use quantitative or GIS methods to address issues informed by critical geographies.Another type seeks to cross the boundary between geo-spatial technologies and a qualitative understanding of the lived experiences of individuals in various cultural contexts.And the third type attempts to integrate critical social theory and spatial analytical methods.As a conclusion,I offer some thoughts on the possibility of a "post-social-theory,post-spatial-analysis" future for geography.This means a future in which social-cultural geographies and spatial-analytical geographies are no longer represented as the conflicting poles.And I point out that the major challenge for geography as a discipline is how to cherish the diversity and richness of perspectives while enhancing its status in the academic community and society.
The Antarctic Treaty System: Are There Viable Alternatives?

The governance of Antarctica, ingeniously combining the virtues of international cooperation with the reality of state sovereignty, is the closest thing to “a world order miracle” that the world has known. For more than three decades, despite antagonisms between the United States and the Soviet Union and the strong geopolitical ambitions of several states with territorial claims in Antarctica, a loose administrative framework evolving out of the 1959 foundational treaty has succeeded in keeping Antarctica demilitarized and free from the wider currents of international conflict. These results have been achieved by a group of states, the original twelve treaty partners plus a gradually increasing number of adhering states, resulting in a current arrangement comprised by 39 Consultative States.
High-fidelity optical excitation of cortico-cortical projections at physiological frequencies

Optical stimulation of axons enables the selective interrogation of pathways connecting distant brain regions. However, despite the importance of driving inputs with known timing and reliability, t...
Synchronous motor drives-a forgotten option

Before the evolution of the modern insulated gate bipolar transistor in the 1980s, thyristor fed synchronous motor drives were widely used and accepted as a reliable means to obtain variable speed operation of a mechanical load at good efficiency. However, since the turn of the century, permanent magnet motor drives have assumed favor as the drive of choice for high efficiency, high performance applications such as traction and synchronous motor drives have disappeared from all but the very highest horsepower applications. This paper discusses the features of a modern synchronous motor drive which suggests that this type of drive could compete favorably with a PM motor drive. An example analysis utilizing the characteristics of the 2007 Camry hybrid car is used as an example.
The gender pay gap and son preference: evidence from India

This study explores the role of the gender pay gap in explaining the downward trend in son preference in India. This hypothesis is based on the underlying theory that parents allocate more resource...
Perception of Modulations in South Indian Classical (Carnātic) Music by Student and Teacher Musicians: A Cross-Cultural Study

Modulation, a shift in mode (rĀgam), is important in South Indian classical (Carnātic) music. Here we investigate the sensitivity of Carnātic and Western listeners to such shifts. Carnātic music has two kinds of shifts: rāgamālikā (retaining tonal center, resembling a shift from C major to C minor in Western music) and grahabēdham (shifting tonal center, resembling a shift from C major to A minor). Listeners heard modulating pieces of music and indicated the point of modulation, and were measured for accuracy and latency. Indians were more accurate than Westerners with both types of modulation but Westerners were faster with grahabēdhams. Cues could explain performance differences between nationalities: Indians were more familiar with rāgamālikā-type modulations whereas Westerners’ culture made them more familiar with grahabēdham-type modulations. Increased caution toward the less familiar grahabēdhams for Indians could explain their slower response time compared to rāgamālikās. With grahabēdhams, hit rates for both groups were comparably high, but Westerners’ lower level of accuracy was due to higher false-alarm rates to lures that were superficially similar to actual modulations. This indicated their dependence on surface-level cues in the absence of familiarity and culture-specific information. Music training helped teachers in both groups make fewer errors when compared to students. Older listeners’ performance was comparable to that of younger listeners.
77. Thalamic Dysconnectivity in Individuals at Clinically High Risk for Schizophrenia and During Early Illness

Abstract Background: Schizophrenia has been associated with thalamic hyperconnectivity with sensory regions, including the middle and superior temporal gyrus, and hypoconnectivity with cerebellar and prefrontal regions. While thalamic dysconnectivity has been consistently replicated in chronic schizophrenia samples, less is known about when these abnormalities emerge in the illness course and if they are present prior to illness onset. Methods: Resting-state fMRI data were collected from clinical high-risk youth (n = 45; CHR), early illness schizophrenia (n = 74; ESZ) patients, and healthy controls (n = 85; HC). Age-adjusted whole-brain functional connectivity, seeded from the thalamus, was compared among the three groups. Main effects of group (FDR-corrected, p = .01) were followed up with Tukey-corrected pairwise comparisons. Results: Significant main effects of group were observed in 8 regions: 2 left middle temporal regions, 2 right middle temporal regions, a left superior temporal region, a right superior temporal region, a left cerebellar region, and a bilateral thalamic region. Pairwise follow-up tests (P < .05) conducted on extracted mean connectivity values revealed that, consistent with data comparing chronic schizophrenia patients to HCs, ESZ patients demonstrated greater thalamic connectivity with all middle and superior temporal regions, and reduced connectivity with cerebellar and thalamic regions. Compared to HCs, CHR youth demonstrated greater thalamic connectivity with 1 left and 1 right middle temporal region, and displayed reduced connectivity with cerebellar and thalamic regions. Compared to CHR participants, ESZ participants displayed significantly greater connectivity in all but one middle and superior temporal region, but did not differ from CHR participants in connectivity with cerebellar and thalamic regions. Conclusion: In conclusion, like chronic samples, individuals in the early stages of schizophrenia demonstrate hyperconnectivity between the thalamus and sensory regions, and hypoconnectivity with the cerebellum. Further, individuals at elevated risk for schizophrenia appear to demonstrate an intermediate level of dysconnectivity, with mean values falling between those of the early illness schizophrenia group and the healthy control group. These findings suggest that thalamic dysconnectivity occurs prior to illness onset, but is more pronounced in the early stages of schizophrenia.
Book Review: What Hath Faith Wrought?

A number of academic lawyers have explored the relationship of religion (and religious belief) and law. Ostensibly starting with the late Harold Berman’s The Interaction of Law and Religion, the “religious lawyering” movement evaluates the role religious faith has in how lawyers practice law. Extended by subsequent works such as Christian Perspectives on Legal Thought, the discussion has expanded beyond the question whether a religious lawyer is a contradiction. This essay serves as a commentary on Robert F. Cochran’s Faith and Law: How Religious Traditions from Calvinism to Islam View American Law, a compilation of sixteen essays from legal academics that address the difficulties in assessing the role of faith and law. Of these difficulties, the swiss army knife problem, identified as whether religion is simply another tool in the kit of lawyer rhetorical techniques, is discussed exclusively. Despite its shortcomings, including a lack of consistency in answering the question contained within the title, Faith and Law is a valuable contribution to the overarching discussion. A collection of essays from legal academics of different religious faiths could serve as the logical next step, bringing into better focus the irreconcilability of different religious faiths in understanding American law.
Poincaré series of line bundles on varieties

We associate a Poincare series to the dimension of global sections of multiples of r line bundles on a proper variety X. We show that this series is rational on a nonsingular characteristic 0 curve, but can be irrational on a singular curve, and can be irrational in higher dimensions. We also show that the series can be irrational in positive characteristic, even on a nonsingular curve.
Palliative care content on cancer center websites

Professional guidelines recommend that palliative care begin early in advanced cancer management, yet integration of palliative and cancer care remains suboptimal. Cancer centers may miss opportunities to provide palliative care information online. In this study, we described the palliative care content on cancer center websites. We conducted a systematic content analysis of 62 National Cancer Institute- (NCI) designated cancer center websites. We assessed the content of center homepages and analyzed search results using the terms palliative care, supportive care, and hospice. For palliative and supportive care webpages, we assessed services offered and language used to describe care. Two researchers analyzed all websites using a standardized coding manual. Kappa values ranged from 0.78 to 1. NCI-designated cancer center homepages presented information about cancer-directed therapy (61%) more frequently than palliative care (5%). Ten percent of cancer centers had no webpage with palliative care information for patients. Among centers with information for patients, the majority (96%) defined palliative or supportive care, but 30% did not discuss delivery of palliative care alongside curative treatment, and 14% did not mention provision of care early in the disease process. Cancer center homepages rarely mention palliative care services. While the majority of centers have webpages with palliative care content, they sometimes omit information about early use of care. Improving accessibility of palliative care information and increasing emphasis on early provision of services may improve integration of palliative and cancer care.
Dual function model revised by thyroid hormone receptor alpha knockout frogs.

Abstract All vertebrates require thyroid hormone (TH) for normal growth and development. Plasma TH enters cells and alters gene expression via nuclear receptors TRα and TRβ. In-vitro studies showed that TRs function as repressors of TH-inducible genes in the absence of TH and as activators of those same genes in the presence of TH. A dual function model was proposed to harmonize these molecular TR actions with the dynamic expression of TRs and peak in production of TH experienced during development. Conclusive tests of the repression activity of TRs early in development as predicted by the model awaited gene knockout technology targeting TRα. At the molecular level, active repression of genes involved in metamorphosis by TRα in the absence of TH was confirmed in whole bodies and intestine from TRα knockout studies. As a consequence of this reduced repression in TRα knockout animals, initiation of limb morphogenesis occurs precociously. However, subsequent limb development is retarded during rising plasma TH levels due to reduced TR-dependent responsivity to TH. In contrast to the limbs, intestine remodeling is delayed by one to two developmental stages in TRα knockout animals, despite de-repressed levels of TH-induced genes during premetamorphosis. Surprisingly, in the absence of TRα, hind limbs do not require gene induction by TH signaling to complete morphological growth and development, which is contrary to prediction by the dual function model. Full evaluation of the dual function model for all organs awaits the production of TRα and TRβ double knockout frogs.
Effect of Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis on Lung Transplantation Outcome.

Background Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) has an expected median survival of 3 months. Lung transplantation is a potentially lifesaving therapy for AE-IPF. However, the current knowledge of transplantation outcomes during AE-IPF is limited to a few small retrospective studies, reporting only 1-year post-transplantation survival. Methods Study population included patients with IPF consecutively listed for lung transplantation at a single institution between the years 2012 and 2016. We collected lung allocation score (LAS), hospitalization, and survival data. The primary outcome was survival among patients transplanted during stable IPF vs during AE-IPF. Results Of 89 patients with IPF listed for lung transplantation, 52 were transplanted during stable IPF and 37 were hospitalized due to AE-IPF. Of these 37 patients, nine died before transplantation, and 28 were transplanted during AE-IPF. Fifty percent of patients transplanted during AE-IPF died in a mean follow-up of 1.6 ± 1.2 years compared with 12% of patients transplanted during stable IPF who died in a mean follow-up of 2.6 ± 1.2 years. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves post-transplantation after 1 and 3 years for patients who were transplanted during stable IPF were 94% and 90% vs 71% and 60% in patients who were transplanted during AE-IPF (P = .0001). LAS above 80 conferred a 3-year hazard ratio for mortality of 5.7 vs LAS lower than 80 (95% CI, 2.33-14.0; P Conclusions Patients with IPF transplanted during AE-IPF had significantly worse short-term and long-term survival compared with patients transplanted during stable IPF. Patients with AE-IPF and very high LAS may not experience the survival advantage expected from lung transplantation.
Assessment of DNA damage by filter elution assays.

DNA lesions fall into several classes based on the techniques available for sensitive measurement. In mammalian cells, sensitive measurements of the greatest variety of distinguishable DNA lesion classes has been achieved1 by means of the techniques of alkaline or neutral elution of DNA from filters. The main distinguishable classes of lesions include single-strand breaks (SSB), double-strand breaks (DSB), alkali-labile sites (ALS), interstrand crosslinks (ISC), DNA-protein crosslinks (DPC) and protein-associated strand breaks (PASB). Each of these lesion classes includes a variety of chemical types of breaks or crosslinks at different DNA sites which may differ in their biological consequences; hence generalizations about the biological significance of a given lesion class may not work for all cases.
Key Word Use in Letters of Recommendation for Ophthalmology Residency Applicants According to Race, Gender, and Achievements

Objectives To identify differences in letters of recommendation (LORs) of applicants to a single ophthalmology residency program by gender, race, academic performance, and match outcome. Design This was a retrospective analysis of LORS for 2,523 applicants (7,569 letters) to the University of California, Irvine ophthalmology residency program from 2011 to 2018. Methods Programming scripts were employed to determine the number of times 22 key words from four thematic categories (standout words, ability, grindstone, and compassion) appeared in LORs for each applicant. A chi-square test was performed to assess for possible differences in the presence of each key word by the following characteristics: gender, underrepresented minority (URM) status, Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA) membership, the United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 score, and match outcome. Linear regressions were created to determine the frequency at which words in each thematic category appeared according to the same baseline characteristics. Results In the LORs, females were more likely to be described as “empathetic” (p = 0.002), URMs were more likely to be described as “caring” (p = 0.002), high Step 1 scorers (≥240) were more likely to be described as “outstanding” (p = 0.002), and matched students were more likely to be described as “exceptional” (p = 0.001), “outstanding” (p Conclusion This study identifies differences in LORs by gender, URM status, and achievement including successful ophthalmology residency match. Females and URMs were more likely to be described as “empathetic” and “caring,” respectively; otherwise, we detected no gender or racial disparities in key word use in LORs. Candidates with high USMLE Step 1 scores or AOA membership had a higher frequency of standout words in their LORs. Whether they were truly more qualified in various dimensions or if they benefited from a halo effect bias warrants further investigation. There was a significant difference in the number of standout words in LORs between matched and unmatched applicants, suggesting that key word frequency may be a relevant metric for LOR appraisal.
Quantum Measurement, Consciousness, and the Soul: a New, Alternative Position

This paper presents a new position on the fundamental questions about quantum measurement, consciousness, and soul, which contradicts at least one sacred assumption of every major player in today’s debates. It starts from a first person viewpoint, which may be characterized as Rational German existentialism, in the spirit of Goethe, Von Neumann, Heisenberg, and Raiffa. On that foundation, it rejects the obsolete concepts of primal ontology, supports the quest for a unified objective mathematical model of what underlies all of our experience, and concludes that we should simply not take a rigid position at this time on three possible types of “theory of everything” (1) the “multiverse” theory, according to which, we live in a “multiverse,” an infinite dimensional space like the proposals of Everett, Wheeler, and David Deutsch, or a similar infinite-dimensional realistic theory; (2) hard core Einsteinian theories, assuming a finite dimensional cosmos, which may well be salvageable mathematically in light of new work on quantum measurement, but which would require understanding ourselves as an odd sort of “shadows of Plato’s Cave”; (3) something much weirder, like random graphs, “digital universe” or cosmos as a vast neural network (of what telos?). It rejects the idea that quantum measurement has any connection to the emergent phenomena of consciousness or the soul. Further work building on this foundation rejects the classic formulation of noosphere from De Chardin and Vernadsky, but proposes that an entire species of noospheres permeating our cosmos is plausible under (1) and (2), and may in fact be the most plausible basis for explaining veridical weird experience for those of us who find it inescapable.
Stochastic disks that roll

We study a model of rolling particles subject to stochastic fluctuations, which may be relevant in systems of nano- or microscale particles where rolling is an approximation for strong static friction. We consider the simplest possible nontrivial system: a linear polymer of three disks constrained to remain in contact and immersed in an equilibrium heat bath so the internal angle of the polymer changes due to stochastic fluctuations. We compare two cases: one where the disks can slide relative to each other and the other where they are constrained to roll, like gears. Starting from the Langevin equations with arbitrary linear velocity constraints, we use formal homogenization theory to derive the overdamped equations that describe the process in configuration space only. The resulting dynamics have the formal structure of a Brownian motion on a Riemannian or sub-Riemannian manifold, depending on if the velocity constraints are holonomic or nonholonomic. We use this to compute the trimer's equilibrium distribution with and without the rolling constraints. Surprisingly, the two distributions are different. We suggest two possible interpretations of this result: either (i) dry friction (or other dissipative, nonequilibrium forces) changes basic thermodynamic quantities like the free energy of a system, a statement that could be tested experimentally, or (ii) as a lesson in modeling rolling or friction more generally as a velocity constraint when stochastic fluctuations are present. In the latter case, we speculate there could be a "roughness" entropy whose inclusion as an effective force could compensate the constraint and preserve classical Boltzmann statistics. Regardless of the interpretation, our calculation shows the word "rolling" must be used with care when stochastic fluctuations are present.
Low temperature cathodoluminescence study of Fe-doped β-Ga2O3

Abstract Optical and electrical properties along the b-axis of Fe-doped β-Ga2O3 were studied using low temperature cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy and current-voltage (IV) measurements. The optical absorption spectroscopy showed an absorption edge without near edge shoulder and the corresponding optical bandgap was calculated to be 4.45 eV using direct band gap treatment. The temperature dependent CL measurements exhibited a strong blue to ultraviolet (UV) band composed of multiple low intensity peaks in the blue range, a main blue peak, a main UV peak, and a weak UV band from the as-grown Fe-doped β-Ga2O3. After a controlled annealing in air, the emissions changed to a red to near infrared (R-NIR) band with two sharp peaks and an UV band that is resolved at room temperature to three UV broad peaks. The R-NIR sharp peaks from the air-annealed sample were ascribed to incorporation of nitrogen during air annealing.
Transplant renal artery stenosis in a child with BK nephropathy.

TRAS and BK nephropathy are known complications of RT, but the association between both has not been reported. A 2-year-old girl underwent a deceased donor renal transplant from a 20-year-old donor, along with bilateral native nephrectomies. She had a DGF due to a renal artery thrombus and required thrombectomy with re-anastomosis. Heparin and aspirin were used. Immunosuppressive agents included thymoglobulin, steroid, tacrolimus, and MMF. CMV and EBV DNA PCRs were negative, but she developed BK viremia at 2 months with stable allograft function. Immunosuppression was reduced, and leflunomide was initiated. Blood pressures were well controlled on low-dose amlodipine. Five months after RT, she presented with hypertensive emergency, following a respiratory infection, and required dialysis for oliguric acute kidney injury. Allograft biopsy showed evidence of BK nephropathy. Immunosuppression was further minimized. Doppler renal US and renal artery duplex studies were both suggestive of TRAS. Angiogram showed severe proximal anastomotic TRAS (>95% occlusion). PTA with stenting was done with immediate improvement in the blood flow and reduction in the pressure gradient. BPs and renal function normalized. Ten months post-RT, she remains normotensive with stable renal function and resolution of BK viremia. Although ureteral stenosis and nephropathy are known to occur with BK infection, TRAS is an interesting association and possibly suggest the tropism of BK virus to the vascular endothelial cells. Timely recognition and management of both is important to prevent uncontrolled hypertension and allograft dysfunction.
High-temperature, spectrally-selective, scalable, and flexible thin-film Si absorber and emitter

Solar thermal technologies have great potential to provide low-cost storage for solar energy. However, their efficiencies are limited by a lack of scalable, mechanically flexible, durable, yet highly-efficient spectrally-selective solar absorbers suitable for high temperatures at low solar concentrations. Here, we overcome these challenges by fabricating a scalable free-standing spectrally-selective thin-film Si absorber and emitter (SSTFS) composite. Its high-temperature emittance shows strong spectral selectivity, even at 595 °C. Thermal stability is proven by measuring optical properties before and after thermal cycling equivalent to one day of concentrated sunlight. Despite the use of crystalline Si, the fabricated SSTFS composite exhibits exceptional mechanical flexibility to cover most surface geometries. The SSTFS composite demonstrates the potential of high-temperature, efficient and flexible solar absorbers and thermal emitters to advance renewable solar energy with storage.
Pediatric Hand Transplantation: A Decision Analysis:

Background: The first successful bilateral pediatric hand transplant was performed in 2015. Previous hand transplant decision analysis models have focused on the adult population. This model principally aimed to determine whether adverse outcomes associated with immunosuppression outweigh the benefits of performing bilateral hand transplant surgery in a pediatric candidate. The model also conceptualized the valuation of losing years of life and sought to determine the impact of that valuation on the surgical decision. Methods: A decision model compared undergoing bilateral hand transplant surgery with using prosthetics for an 8-year-old patient. The outcome measure used was quality adjusted life years (QALYs), and sensitivity analysis was performed on the immunosuppressive risks associated with the surgical decision, as well as the perceived valuation of aversion to life years lost. Results: The decision to perform surgery was marginally optimal compared to the prosthetic decision (50.11 QALY vs. 47.95 QALY). A Monte Carlo simulation revealed that this difference may be too marginal to detect an optimal decision (50.14 ± 8.28 QALY vs. 47.95 ± 2.12 QALY). Sensitivity analysis identified decision thresholds related to immunosuppression risks (P = 29% vs. P = 33% modeled), and a trend of increasing risk as a patient is more averse to losing life years. Conclusions: The marginally optimal treatment strategy currently is bilateral hand transplant, compared to prosthetics for pediatric patients. Key determinants of the future optimal strategy will be whether immunosuppressive regimens become safer, with a reduced risk of losing life years due to immunosuppressive complications, and whether prosthetics become more acceptable and enable higher functioning.
Меланхолия приходит в Россию. Монастыри как долгаузы в России в XVIII веке

Western historiography about the history of madness has pointed out that the emergence and active use of special medical terms led to the development of certain discourses on disease which had been appropriated and used on a subjective level. The discourse on melancholy is such a case. And it may seem surprising that the history of melancholy has remained a West European phenomenon until this day: For Russia, there are no studies on melancholy as illness, sin of acedia or social deviance in the eighteenth century. This article aims to close this gap and systemize melancholics from the point of view of the state, clerical actors and society. With this in mind this article will observe a special socio-cultural phenomenon—the confinement of the so-called “izumlennye,” or “madmen” in monasteries, which were similar to west European institutions that functioned using internment, punishment and discipline. This article will address the following aspects of the melancholy discourse: 1) Madness as a security issue: Internment of the “mad” in severe monastery prisons; 2) Melancholy as illness and self-diagnosis: Melancholy as a reason for the reduction of punishment; 3) Melancholy as external diagnosis in family conflicts and the argument for sending “mentally sick” relatives to the monastery; and, finally, 4) Religious melancholy: those who doubted their own faith and went to repent in a monastery.
Abstract P456: The Association Between Clonal Hematopoiesis Of Indeterminate Potential And Inflammatory Biomarkers Among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Introduction: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age-related disorder associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Mechanistic studies...
The College Promise in Communities: Do Place-based Scholarships Affect Residential Mobility Patterns?

Place-based scholarships within the College Promise movement reduce the cost of college for students in particular places and often include incentives for families to live in places for a longer period of time to capture full program benefits. This financial incentive may change the residential mobility decisions of people living in and around Promise-targeted locations, potentially affecting a community’s composition and who can benefit from the scholarship. We use difference-in-differences with census tract-level data from the American Community Survey to assess whether the New Haven Promise, Say Yes Buffalo, or La Crosse Promise affect residential mobility based on household income, race/ethnicity, and age in their respective cities. We find evidence of overall in-migration due to program introduction, driven by the Say Yes Buffalo program, but corresponding decreases in those staying in treated Buffalo and La Crosse census tracts. Further, we find that White, high income residents are more likely to stay in New Haven to take advantage of the program. We also find a potential displacement effect in La Crosse for families with children, suggesting that originally targeted residents moved out the Promise-targeted areas, but that new families with children moved in as a result of the program. Overall, our short-term impacts suggest that since moving is expensive, higher income families are more likely to benefit from these programs than their lower income counterparts by having more control of whether, when, and where to move. Implications for communities and program (re)design are discussed.
Synthesis of cobalt, palladium, and rhenium nanoparticles

Over the past decade, metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have attracted extensive attention due to their unique physiochemical properties that make them highly applicable in various fields such as chemical sensing, energy storage, catalysis, medicine, and environmental engineering. Their physiochemical properties depend drastically on the MNP size and morphology, which are largely determined by their synthesis methods. Research on MNPs predominantly focused on coinage metals (Au, Ag and Cu), but in the last decade research on metals with a relatively high melting temperature such as Pd, Co, and Re has seen rapid increases, mainly driven by their potential applications as catalysts. This paper presents the recent advances on different synthesis techniques of Co, Pd, and Re nanoparticles, their resulting nanostructures, as well as existing and potential applications.
Does the shadow economy mitigate the effect of cashless payment technology on currency demand? dynamic panel evidence

Recent government attempts at reducing currency demand by promoting cashless payment technology, e.g., subsidies for point-of-sale terminals, have met with mixed success. In this paper, we argue th...
Viability of a Dense, Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensor Network

A technological revolution in recent years has allowed for the vast development of low-cost, commercially available air quality sensors. The affordability of such devices allows researchers, institutions, and private entities alike to create sensor networks in their local regions to monitor various pollutants. Many of these networks are on the city-scale, but only a few, if any, have focused on a more concentrated network. This research focuses on the utility of such a network on a university campus scale by analyzing measurements made from 15 sensors over a period of 9 months. Initial results indicate that while the network provides a wealth of data, variation amongst the sensor readings is low especially when considering daily averages in a cleaner environment like Austin, TX. Our work suggests that low-cost sensor networks in cleaner environments are better suited in networks that span larger geographical areas and data collected from them used to understand hourly or diurnal trends.
Mechanisms of Allergen Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated disease of the nasal mucosa that can be triggered by the inhalation of seasonal or perennial allergens. Typical symptoms include sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal congestion and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. AR affects a quarter of the population in the United States of America and Europe. AR has been shown to reduce work productivity in 36–59% of the patients with 20% reporting deteriorated job attendance. Moreover, 42% of children with AR report reduced at-school productivity and lower grades. Most importantly, AR impacts the patient’s quality of life, due to sleep deprivation. However, a proportion of patients fails to respond to conventional medication and opts for the allergen immunotherapy (AIT), which currently is the only disease-modifying therapeutic option. AIT can be administered by either subcutaneous (SCIT) or sublingual (SLIT) route. Both routes of administration are safe, effective, and can lead to tolerance lasting years after treatment cessation. Both innate and adaptive immune responses that contribute to allergic inflammation are suppressed by AIT. Innate responses are ameliorated by reducing local mast cell, basophil, eosinophil, and circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cell frequencies which is accompanied by decreased basophil sensitivity. Induction of allergen-specific blocking antibodies, immunosuppressive cytokines, and regulatory T and B cell phenotypes are key pro-tolerogenic adaptive immune responses. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is necessary for optimal selection of AIT-responsive patients and monitoring treatment efficacy. Moreover, it could inspire novel and more efficient AIT approaches.
Recovery for Causing Tax Overpayment - Lyeth v. Hoey and Clark Revisited

The question has arisen in numerous cases as to the extent to which a settlement between arms’ length parties is dispositive in tax cases of the claims on which the settlement is based. Another issue that often arises is whether the receipt of compensation for a tax payment that was incurred because of the negligence of the payor is excluded from gross income. While those two issues were central to the proper resolution of a recent case in the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, McKenny v. United States, the court failed even to note one of those issues and did not resolve the other. The court’s failure to deal with those two issues led it to reach an incorrect result. The two landmark cases establishing the doctrines that should have been applied in McKenny are the Supreme Court’s decision in Lyeth v, Hoey and the decision of the Board of Tax Appeals (now known as the Tax Court) in Clark v. Commissioner. Using McKenny as a springboard, this article reviews the continued misapplication and sometimes disparagement of the Lyeth v. Hoey and Clark v. Commissioner reasonings. Clark, in particular, has been criticized by both academics and the Service. The article reviews those criticisms and argues that they are unpersuasive. The article concludes that both doctrines are valid and should have applied to find for the taxpayer in the McKenny case.
Reskilling Teachers and Reclaiming Our Schools

This paper describes the Educational Equity Partnership Project (EEPP), a multi-week five-module partnership in professional development (PD) involving approximately 50 teacher leaders in 32 Title ...
PARP inhibitors and the Kidney

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are crucial in repairing DNA after a damaging event. However, several studies indicate that more extensive DNA disruption causes overactivity of PARP and can u...
A Needs Assessment of Video-based Education Resources Among General Surgery Residents

Abstract Background Video-based education (VBE) is an effective tool for knowledge and skill acquisition for medical students, but its utility is less clear for resident physicians. We sought to determine how to incorporate VBE into a general surgery resident operative curriculum. Methods We conducted a single-institution, survey-based needs assessment of general surgery residents to determine desired content and format of an operative VBE module. Results The response rate was 84% (53/63), with 66% senior (postgraduate year ≥3) resident respondents. VBE was the most commonly cited resource that residents used to prepare for an operation (93%) compared with surgical textbooks (89%) and text-based website content (57%). Junior residents were more likely to utilize text-based website content than senior residents (P The three most important operative video components were accuracy, length, and cost. Senior residents significantly preferred videos that were peer-reviewed (P Conclusions At this institution, general surgery residents preferentially use VBE resources for operative preparation. A centralized, standardized operative resource would likely improve resident studying efficiency, but would require personalized learning options to work for both junior and senior surgery residents.
Disordered Books and Dynamic Archives: Rabbinic Scholarly Practices in Early Modern Ashkenaz

This article examines early modern learning through Ashkenazic responsa. Beyond explicit evidence from published responsa collections, implicit insights dwell in what these publications lack. These missing features shed light on sixteenth-century scholarly practices. The works’ organizational inconsistencies must be understood in context of learned archives. Such an adjustment offers a corrective to the regnant narrative, which views the introduction of print as a sharp rupture from earlier modes of transmission. This article suggests instead that the culture of printed books coexisted with older approaches, and that print was complemented by more disorderly and unconstrained forms of transmission. Comparing rabbinic “paper-ware” with contemporaneous humanist practices highlights the rabbi's working papers, focusing on a culture's dynamic activity rather than its stable output. This shift in perspective allows us to see rabbinic writings not merely as a collection of books but as a mode of scholarship.
Closing the void in energy planning modeling: Integrating local realities

African electricity access shortfalls have prompted multiple energy planning models to suggest rapid deployment of low-carbon pathways. Instead of being data driven, these scenario-based models often rely on assumptions and political targets. Recently in Nature Energy, Alova et al. propose a solution for integrating local factors into energy planning models.
Madhavi: Return to Self in Ancient and Modern Retellings

The Tale of Madhavi is independent of the central story of the Mahabharata even though her story is recollected in detail. Madhavi’s story has influenced numerous modern adaptations. Madhavi’s story is in two contrasting parts illustrates the options, as well as the pitfalls which faced women in classical India. Combining elements of exile, asceticism, and multiple partners noted in the stories of Satyavati, Savitri, and Draupadi, the story of Madhavi illustrates an early feminine heroic in classical India. The story of Madhavi’s life, her journeys, and her return illustrate gendered social norms as she travels from gendered stereotypical life into agendered ascetic life. The tale of Madhavi has seen a number of renderings besides the very detailed one in the Mahabharata, and has been made into a modern theatrical production, which herein, is compared with the traditional story.
The cognitive science of technology.

Technology is central to human life but hard to define and study. This review synthesizes advances in fields from anthropology to evolutionary biology and neuroscience to propose an interdisciplinary cognitive science of technology. The foundation of this effort is an evolutionarily motivated definition of technology that highlights three key features: material production, social collaboration, and cultural reproduction. This broad scope respects the complexity of the subject but poses a challenge for theoretical unification. Addressing this challenge requires a comparative approach to reduce the diversity of real-world technological cognition to a smaller number of recurring processes and relationships. To this end, a synthetic perceptual-motor hypothesis (PMH) for the evolutionary–developmental–cultural construction of technological cognition is advanced as an initial target for investigation.
Rules of Plant Species Ranges: Applications for Conservation Strategies

Earth is changing rapidly and so are many plant species’ ranges. Here, we synthesize eco-evolutionary patterns found in plant range studies and how knowledge of species ranges can inform our understanding of species conservation in the face of global change. We discuss whether general biogeographic “rules” are reliable and how they can be used to develop adaptive conservation strategies of native plant species across their ranges. Rules considered include 1) factors that set species range limits and promote range shifts; 2) the impacts of biotic interactions on species range limits; 3) patterns of abundance and adaptive properties across species ranges; 4) patterns of gene flow and their implications for genetic rescue, and 5) the relationship between range size and conservation risk. We conclude by summarizing and evaluating potential species range rules to inform future conservation and management decisions. We also outline areas of research to better understand the adaptive capacity of plants under environmental change and the properties that govern species ranges. We advise conservationists to extend their work to specifically consider peripheral and novel populations, with a particular emphasis on small ranges. Finally, we call for a global effort to identify, synthesize, and analyze prevailing patterns or rules in ecology to help speed conservation efforts.
Attachment, Well‐Being, and College Senior Concerns About the Transition Out of College

This study examined the relationships among attachment, psychological well-being (PWB), life satisfaction, and concerns about the transition out of college among a sample of college seniors. A path analysis was conducted predicting that PWB and life satisfaction would mediate the relationships between attachment and 3 types of graduation transition concerns: career, change and loss, and support. Significant mediation effects affecting career concerns and change and loss concerns were discovered. Implications for college counseling are discussed.
Effects of individual, combined, and isolated physical activity behaviors on all-cause mortality and CVD-specific mortality: Prospective cohort study among U.S. adults

Abstract Objective To examine the individual, combined, and isolated effects of movement-based behaviors (MBBs) on all-cause mortality and CVD-specific mortality. Methods The present prospective study included data from the 1999–2004 National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey, with follow-up data through December 31, 2006 (N = 12,321 U.S. adults). Measures included self-report engagement in 4 MBBs (moderate-intensity exercise, vigorous-intensity exercise, muscular strength activities, and active transport), with all-cause mortality and CVD-specific mortality as the outcome measures. Results Regarding all-cause mortality, the hazard ratio for those with 1 (vs. 0), 2 (vs. 0), and 3–4 (vs. 0) MBBs, respectively, was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.49–0.76), 0.49 (95% CI: 0.36–0.66), and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.16–0.37). The only MBBs independently associated with all-cause-mortality were vigorous exercise (HR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.41–0.76) and moderate-intensity exercise (HR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.45–0.74). When examining the isolation/exclusivity effects of the MBBs, the only MBB performed in isolation that was statistically significantly associated with all-cause mortality was “Only VPA” (HR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.23–0.86). CVD-specific mortality results were similar to the all-cause mortality results. Conclusions There was little evidence of a MBB isolation effect on mortality risk, but individuals engaging in more MBBs had a lower risk of all-cause mortality and CVD-specific mortality. These findings suggest that, in addition to promoting greater engagement in overall physical activity, recommendations for adults to engage in multiple MBBs may be advisable.