cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In search of “personal care”: Challenges to identity support in residential care for elders with cognitive illness

Abstract In addition to meeting medical and bodily needs, personal(ized) care aims to address the biographical and social identity of the recipient. The term “personal care” contrasts most starkly with “impersonal care,” which connotes bureaucratic and instrumental treatment. Care work always requires some adaptation to individual preferences and responses. However, typically, this is either an implicit or a secondary feature of care. With cognitive illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease, however, the very capacity for maintaining a self (via language and memory ) is threatened; thus, the extent to which care addresses the person qua person becomes especially significant: for the afflicted, personal care is identity care. This article is based on paid work and field research in a residential care setting; proponents claim that these quasi-institutional settings are conducive to the provision of personal care, and to collaboration between formal (paid) and informal (family) caregivers. Our research suggests that these goals are elusive, even in settings ostensibly organized to advance them. This partly reflects the ambiguous, contextual meanings of personal care. Despite its commonsense meaning, there is no simple or consensual definition of personal care. We develop a conceptual and empirically grounded typology and discuss the practical implications of various definitions for the fulfillment of the ideal. Barriers to personal-as-identity care are not confined to large, custodial institutions. Among those we find in residential care are instrumental definitions of care, which govern both the practice and public regulation of paid care; a functionally diffuse (familial) division of labor, which intensifies care work; and emotional demands of the care, which undercut family members' role in helping to translate individual meanings and practices of personal care. Even when all concerned are committed to supportive of personal-as-identity care, there is ambiguity regarding whether to treat identity as object(ive) or as a process.
The effect of casting solvent on the material properties of poly(γ-methyl-D-glutamate)

The effect of casting solvent on the material properties of poly(γ-methyl-D-glutamate), PMDG, was investigated. The specific solvents used were chloroform, trifluoroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, methylene chloride, hexafluoroisopropanol, and tetrachloroethane. The different nature of these solvents controlled the degree of α, β, or random coil contents of the final film. The effect of the morphology on material properties induced by the respective solvents was investigated by dynamic mechanical measurements of the dry films, stress strain behavior of both wet and dry films as well as by wide-angle x-ray diffraction, small-angle light scattering, and optical microscopy. Infrared spectroscopy was used to help determine α or β content. It was found that the casting solvent has considerable influence on material behavior and morphology. These differences are reflected in both the dynamical mechanical (small strain) and stress–strain (large strain) measurements as well as the x-ray scattering and optical microscopy. It was noted by light scattering that all films gave rise to anisotropic rod scattering with the exception of the β film cast from trifluoroacetic acid. This latter film appeared to be optically isotropic.
Response of stream macroinvertebrate production to atmospheric nitrogen deposition and channel drying

We assessed the effect of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on secondary production in a first-order intermittent stream at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM). BBWM is a paired-catchment experiment designed to determine the effects of N deposition on a forested ecosystem. Nitrogen as (NH4)2SO4 has been applied to the treatment catchment since 1989, with the adjacent catchment serving as a reference (both are drained by a firstorder intermittent stream). Secondary production and detritus biomass were quantified for 2 yr. Production did not vary between streams (range 5 1.7‐2.3 g ash-free dry mass m 22 yr 21 ) but was ;35% higher for both streams in the second year. The distribution of production among functional feeding groups varied little between streams but differed among taxa. Detritus biomass was similar between streams but was ;25% higher in the second year. The (NH4)2SO4 treatment had no effect on production in the treatment stream. The statistically identical level of production between streams is presumably because of similar habitat, channel drying, and trophic resources. Difference in production between years was positively related to detritus biomass. Differences in the distribution of production among taxa between streams were likely the result of contrasts in the duration of flowing water, with the treatment stream having the longer duration. Our study indicates that patterns of litter input and channel drying, rather than N deposition, control levels of secondary production in these intermittent streams by altering both resource availability and community structure. These variables apparently override the effects of N deposition in regions where nitrogen is not a limiting nutrient.
Weed Community Emergence Time Affects Accuracy of Predicted Corn Yield Loss by WeedSOFT

Abstract WeedSOFT is a state-of-the-art decision support system for weed management in the north central region of the United States, but its accuracy to predict corn yield loss associated with later-emerging weed communities has not been adequately assessed. We conducted experiments in 2004 and 2005 to compare observed and predicted corn yield related to four establishment times of mixed-species weed communities for validation of competitive index modifier (CIM) values in WeedSOFT. Weed communities were established at VE, V2, V4, and V6 corn (emergence, second-leaf, fourth-leaf, and sixth-leaf stages, respectively), and consisted largely of annual grass and moderately competitive annual broadleaf species. Compared to weed-free corn, yield loss occurred in each of seven site-years for weed communities established at VE corn, but in only one site-year for communities established at V2 corn. No corn yield loss was associated with weed communities established at V4 or V6 corn. For communities established at ...
Georeferencing experiments with UAS imagery

Comparing typical airborne mapping systems with Unmanned Airborne Systems (UAS) developed for mapping purposes, there are several advantages and disadvantages of both systems. The unquestionable benefits of UAS are the much lower costs of equipment and the simple operation; though, the regulations to fly UAS greatly vary by country. Low cost, however, means small sensor size and low weight, thus, sensors usually lack the quality, negatively impacting the accuracy of UAS data and, consequently, any derived mapping products. This work compares the performance of three different positioning approaches used for UAS image geolocation. The first one is based on using dual-frequency GPS data, post-processed in kinematic mode. The second approach uses the single frequency, code only GPS data that was acquired and processed by a geotagger, attached to mapping camera. Finally, the third one employs indirect image georeferencing, based on aerial triangulation using ground controls. As expected, the quality of data provided by the inexpensive GPS receiver (geotagger) is not suitable for mapping purposes. The two other approaches provided similar and reliable results, confirming that commonly used indirect georeferencing, which usually assures good solution, can be replaced by direct georeferencing. The latter technique results not only in reduction of field work, e.g. Ground Control Points (GCPs) surveying, but is appropriate for use with other sensors, such as active imaging technology, LiDAR, further extending UAS application potential.
A new alloantigen, ly-8, recognized by c3h anti-akr serum.

A new membrane alloantigen, designated Ly-8.2, is defined by a C3H anti-AKR serum. The locus, Ly-8, which controls this determinant is not linked to Thy-1, Ly-4, Ly-6, H-2, albino (c), or brown (b). Ly-8.2 has a unique strain distribution, and appears to be present on both T and B lympho- cytes.
A comparison of laparoscopic and open restorative proctocolectomy in children

Abstract Aim Restorative proctocolectomy (RP) is the gold standard for children requiring removal of their colon and rectum. The aim of this study is to contrast conventional (open) and laparoscopic RP. Methods All children undergoing RP by one surgeon were prospectively recorded in a customised database. Outcome variables were length of stay in days (LOS), duration of surgery in minutes (DS), blood loss in ml, and complications. Explanatory variables included technique of resection (open or laparoscopic (lap)) and presenting disease. Lap resection was adopted after patient 37. Data are presented as median (range). P Results Eighty-two (43 girls) children underwent RP at median age 12 (0.5–20) years. RP was performed as Open (n=37) or Laparoscopic (n=45). Indications were: colitis (n=56), polyposis (n=12), constipation (n=7), Hirschsprung's (n=5), fibrosing colonopathy (n=2). Significantly, more children had three-stage surgery among the lap group (P =0.04). LOS was significantly shorter in the lap group [15 (8-114) days vs 17(13– 60) days; P=0.04], but there was no difference in DS or complication rates between laparoscopic and open surgery. Laparoscopic surgery was associated with significantly lower blood loss [150 (0–840) ml vs. 334 (0-1480) ml; P=0.02]. Conclusion Laparoscopic RP is associated with lower blood loss, shorter LOS, but no difference in duration of surgery or complication rate.
Dynamic coprocessor management for FPGA-enhanced compute platforms

Various commercial programmable compute platforms have their processor architecture enhanced with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In a common usage scenario, an application loads custom processors into the FPGA to speed up application execution compared to processor-only execution. Transient applications, changing application workloads, and limited FPGA capacity have led to a new problem of operating-system-controlled dynamic management of the loading of coprocessors into the FPGAs for best overall performance or energy. We define the Dynamic Coprocessor Management problem and provide a mapping to an online optimization problem known as Metrical Task Systems. We introduce a robust heuristic, called the fading cumulative benefit (FCBenefit) heuristic, that outperforms other heuristics, including a previously developed one for MTS. For two distinct application sets, we generate numerous workloads and show that the FCBenefit heuristic provides best results across all considered workloads. In our simulations, the heuristic's results were within 9% of the offline optimal for performance, and within 3% for energy. The heuristic may be applicable to a wide variety of dynamic architecture management problems.
James M. Buchanan: An appreciation

James M. Buchanan co-founded the field of Public Choice. He was influenced by Austrian economics, and in turn influenced Austrian economics. In particular, he advanced the understanding of subjectivist cost theory. His individualist approach to public policy making has been adopted by many Austrian economists. With Richard Wagner, he analyzed the politics of Keynesian economics. They explained why Keynesianism in practice led to a larger government, permanent deficits and inflationary monetary policy.
Women know best--findings from a thematic analysis of 5,214 surveys of abortion care experience.

Objective: Patient experience is an essential component of quality care. Few studies have comprehensively evaluated patient experiences of abortion care. The objectives of this study were to describe women’s experiences of abortion care in their own words, and to determine themes across patient experiences. Study Design: Data for this thematic analysis, a qualitative method that allows for the identification, analysis, and report of patterns or themes within data, come from a larger study of safety and quality of aspiration abortion care across 22 clinical sites. Participants completed an abortion experience survey including fixed choice questions and an open-ended question: “Is there anything you would like to tell us about your experience?” The data were then categorized by responses to another survey question: “Overall, was your experience about, better, or worse than you expected?” Results: A total of 5,214 responses were analyzed. Women reported positive abortion care experiences with the majority of women rating their experience as better than expected (n ¼ 3,600). Two major themes that emerged from the data include clinic- and patient-level factors that impact how patients rate their experiences. Analysis of the responses categorized in the worse than expected group (n ¼ 136) found that women primarily faulted clinic-level factors for their negative experiences, such as pain control and management, and wait time for appointments and in clinic. Conclusion: This analysis highlights specific areas of abortion care that influence patients’ experience. The few women who were disappointed by care in the clinic tended to fault readily modifiable clinical factors, and provided suggested areas of improvement to enhance positive experiences related to their abortion care. Copyright 2014 by the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Changes in Learning and Memory During Aging

An intriguing feature of animal behavior is that they can change their behavior in response to environmental conditions unique to an individual organism. The ability to learn about specific types of experiences, as well as which responses are most readily learned, depends on both phylogenetic and developmental variables (cf. Bolles, 1970; Seligman, 1970; Shettleworth, 1972; Hinde and Stevenson-Hinde, 1973; Hutt, 1973). For example, many mammals quite readily associate illness with recent novel taste experiences (Garcia, Hankins and Rusiniak, 1974). Learning, therefore, appears to represent an interaction of the natural and individual histories of an organism which allows it to adapt behavior- ally to certain environmental changes. Similarly, there is considerable evidence that there are age-related changes in learning and memory (cf. Campbell and Spear, 1972; Gold, Van Buskirk and McGaugh, 1975a). These changes can be characterized in two ways. First, in some organisms, certain types of learning appear to occur best during specific age-windows. Examples include the acquisition of species-specific songs in some birds (Marler and Nottebohn, 1972 Petrinovich, 1972), the acquisition of following responses to maternal objects and sounds (Hess, 1972), both termed imprinting, as well as language acquisition in humans (Lenneberg, 1967).
Non-Boolean computing with nanomagnets for computer vision applications

The field of nanomagnetism has recently attracted tremendous attention as it can potentially deliver low-power, high-speed and dense non-volatile memories. It is now possible to engineer the size, shape, spacing, orientation and composition of sub-100 nm magnetic structures. This has spurred the exploration of nanomagnets for unconventional computing paradigms. Here, we harness the energy-minimization nature of nanomagnetic systems to solve the quadratic optimization problems that arise in computer vision applications, which are computationally expensive. By exploiting the magnetization states of nanomagnetic disks as state representations of a vortex and single domain, we develop a magnetic Hamiltonian and implement it in a magnetic system that can identify the salient features of a given image with more than 85% true positive rate. These results show the potential of this alternative computing method to develop a magnetic coprocessor that might solve complex problems in fewer clock cycles than traditional processors. Arrays of circular nanomagnets are used to solve the problem of perceptual organization in computer vision by exploiting their tendency to minimize the total magnetic energy by coupling to each other.
Attraction of Melon Flies to Lures on Foliage or Cane Fibers at Various Heights

Lures were placed on the ground and 2 and 5 feet above ground to evaluate the effect on the response of melon flies, Dacus cucurbitae CoquiIlett. Cue-lure and ENT 31812 (4-( p -hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone) were at least as attractive at ground level as at the higher levels, an indication that aerial applications of the lures, which fall to the ground, would be fully effective in programs of male annihilation against the melon fly. Cue-lure proved more attractive than ENT-31812, and naled provided more rapid knockdown than fenthion.
Framing Social Movements Through Documentary Films

Sociologist John A. Stover III highlights the significant impact documentary filmmakers can have on social movement agendas and frames via their production, distribution, and outreach strategies. N...
Historical continuity in Sonoran Desert free-range ranching practices: Carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotope evidence from two 18th-century missions

Abstract Carbon (δ 13 C), oxygen (δ 18 O), and strontium ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) isotopes from cattle, caprine, and small mammal teeth from two historic-period Spanish missions, and modern cattle, were assayed with the goal of reconstructing historic ranching practices in the Sonoran Desert of southwestern North America. δ 13 C values from modern cattle indicates it is possible to distinguish cattle free-ranged within upper elevation desert habitats (− 11.9 to − 7.8‰) from lower elevations or possibly foddered animals (− 2.5 to 0.8‰). It is not possible to distinguish maize-foddering versus low elevation free-ranging of livestock in the Sonoran Desert; however, the data indicates free-ranging occurred in both upland and lowland ecosystems, with some animals exhibiting evidence of a mixed upland/lowland strategy. δ 18 O values in mission livestock (− 3.0 to 2.5‰) overlap with modern cattle (− 3.1 to − 0.1‰) watered from evaporated reservoirs, suggesting missions managed water for livestock, and livestock were likely kept away from riparian zones. 87 Sr/ 86 Sr results demonstrate that livestock were moved, likely through trade, some coming from a minimum distance of 40 km. Taken together these results are consistent with continuity in Sonoran Desert free-ranged herd management from the historic era to present. These results also point to continuity in water management strategies extending well prior to the colonial period.
Pre-evaluation of Occupational Hazards in an Electronic Spinning Construction Project

[Objective]To analyze and identify the possible occupational hazard factors in an electronic spinning construction project in planning,put forward the feasible protective measures of occupational disease.[Methods]The analogical project was chosen to investigate.The checklist,analogy and quantitative analysis method were applied to conduct the qualitative and quantitative evaluation.[Results]The analogical results showed that noise intensity of three detection points exceeded standard,the qualified rate was 81.3%,and the levels of dust and toxic substances accorded with national standards.[Conclusion]This is a serious occupational hazard project.The preventive facilities for occupational hazards meet the national occupational standards basically.
Calcium entry activated by store depletion in coronary endothelium is promoted by tyrosine phosphorylation

Application of substance P (SP), a potent endothelium-dependent vasodilator, to porcine coronary artery endothelial cells (PCAECs) results in release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores followed by extracellular Ca2+ influx. We tested the hypothesis that intracellular store depletion results in tyrosine phosphorylation, which promotes Ca2+ influx. PCAECs labeled with antiphosphotyrosine antibody conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate showed a 3.3- to 3.4-fold increase in fluorescence in response to SP or 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ), an agent that depletes intracellular stores by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-adenosinetriphosphatase. In both cases, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, reduced the fluorescence intensity to near-basal levels. Pretreatment of PCAECs with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein or tyrphostin, induced a significant reduction in the plateau phase of SP-induced Ca2+ elevation with no effect on the release of Ca2+ from stores. Neither daidzein, a structurally similar but inactive analogue of genistein, nor H-7, a serine-threonine kinase inhibitor, affected SP-induced Ca2+ influx. Voltage-clamp recordings using the perforated patch technique with simultaneous Ca2+ measurements showed that intracellular Ca2+ elevation and inward current activated by SP and BHQ were reduced by 60-70% in response to genistein. These data indicate that the link between store depletion and Ca2+ influx in endothelial cells requires tyrosine phosphorylation.
Three Stages of Civilisation

If we interpret civilisation as a stage of social life in terms of the human organism, it becomes essential to find a relation between civilisational and organic stages.
Binomial Model for Options

Derivative securities provide a flexible and more sophisticated exposure to the market than simply owning the stock. In this section, we will concern ourselves with a particular type of derivative security known as an option . Options give the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to purchase or sell the underlying security at a given price. This right will expire at the maturity date. That is correct: the user of the option can determine the price that they want to pay for the underlying security. However, there is no guarantee that the price of the underlying will be reached, and so the proposal can become worthless when it reaches its expiration. Additionally, there is a fee for having this right. It is known as the option premium . With American options, the right to exercise can occur at any time of any date after the purchase of the option. With European options, the right to exercise can only occur at maturity (Hull, 2006). When one owns a stock, they are subjected to all the highs and the lows that can occur while holding the position. With an option, however, one is only subject to exposure in either the long (call) or short (put) direction. Valuing options is a non-trivial exercise due to the stochastic nature of the underlying security. A relatively simple option model which is used quite often in the options trading world is called the binomial tree . Our purpose here is to help explain how options operate so we can build an analytics framework later. Applying Computational Finance In computational finance, one uses probability and statistics to reason about financial instruments in algorithms. In order to makes sense of the binomial tree and another related model called the binomial asset pricing model, we assume investors in securities: • Keep bank accounts; • Invest in underlying securities like stocks. In our case here, the best way to illustrate the options market is using an option trading game. Hypothetical stock investor, Smitty, believes in increased demand for GOOG stock, buys 1 share on Monday ( t = 0), sells on Friday ( t = T ); GOOG has 50–50 probability of going up ( p ) or down ( q ) by $1 per day. GOOG stock is trading at $800 per share on Monday.
Medium Stack Optimization for Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording

In this paper, we present systematic micromagnetic modeling investigation on recording process of segmented thin-film media with circularly polarized magnetic field at microwave frequencies. This paper provides insightful understanding about the segmented medium stack design in microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR) by exploring the impact of signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio and recording track width. By utilizing segmentation of grains with exchange breaking layers, the ac magnetic field generated from spin torque oscillator can be best exploited. Via optimized medium stack design, MAMR is able to achieve both high SNR and areal density gain with the proposed notched-structure medium (top and bottom segments have the strongest crystalline anisotropy) compared with conventional graded medium (with gradually increasing anisotropy from top to bottom). By tuning crystalline anisotropy strength in top and bottom segment, we studied the MAMR behavior of SNR and track width under different ac frequencies. This provides a novel view for future segmented media design.
Irrigation scheduling and soil moisture dynamics influence water uptake by Huanglongbing affected trees

Abstract Improved understanding of citrus water use and soil moisture distribution in Huanglongbing (HLB) ( Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) affected groves is critical for devising appropriate recommendations for optimizing water use and sustaining citrus yields. Thus, a study was conducted to investigate soil moisture movement and water use patterns in central, south-central and southwest Florida. Treatments included: 1) daily irrigation (Daily), 2) University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences recommended scheduling characterized by irrigating every two days to replace water used by crop evapotranspiration (IFAS), and 3) irrigation scheduled half the number of days between irrigation recommended by IFAS and Daily (Intermediate). The total irrigation was designed to meet estimated crop water use (ET c ) for mature citrus equaling 1127 mm, 1138 mm, and 1211 mm, and 1211 mm per year at Avon Park, Arcadia and Ave Maria, respectively. Field capacities (FC) and available water capacity (AWC) varied between 0.062 cm 3 cm −3 to 0.11 cm 3 cm −3 , with AWC estimated to be 86% to 91% of FC. Irrigation set points for irrigation scheduling were estimated at 33 and 50% of allowable soil water depletion (ASWD) and varied between 0.020 and 0.033 cm 3 cm −3 while 50% ASWD varied between 0.031 and 0.050 cm 3 cm −3 . Daily water use largely varied between 0.02 and 0.18 g/d/cm 2 in Summer 2013, 0.01–0.15 g/d/cm 2 in Fall 2013 and 0.01 and 0.24 g/d/cm 2 in Spring 2014. Water use pattern was largely of the order Daily > IFAS > Intermediate. Moisture contents were similar among irrigation schedules varying between 5–20%, 1–14% and 5–25% at 15-, 30-, and 45-cm soil depths, respectively, increasing with depth possibly as a result of uptake in the top 30 cm. These findings should help in refining limits for available water contents and estimating irrigation water demand to sustain citrus productivity of HLB infected trees.
The turbulent plasmasphere boundary layer and the outer radiation belt boundary

We report on observations of enhanced plasma turbulence and hot particle distributions in the plasmasphere boundary layer formed by reconnection-injected hot plasma jets entering the plasmasphere. The data confirm that the electron pressure peak is formed just outward of the plasmapause in the premidnight sector. Free energy for plasma wave excitation comes from diamagnetic ion currents near the inner edge of the boundary layer due to the ion pressure gradient, electron diamagnetic currents in the entry layer near the electron plasma sheet boundary, and anisotropic (sometimes ring-like) ion distributions revealed inside, and further inward of, the inner boundary. We also show that nonlinear parametric coupling between lower oblique resonance and fast magnetosonic waves significantly contributes to the VLF whistler wave spectrum in the plasmasphere boundary layer. These emissions represent a distinctive subset of substorm/storm-related VLF activity in the region devoid of substorm injected tens keV electrons and could be responsible for the alteration of the outer radiation belt boundary during (sub)storms.
Abstract 88: No Disparities in Acute Stroke Treatment in Kaiser Stroke EXPRESS Program

Background: Prior published studies reported disparities in timely treatment with tPA for stroke patients who were older, African American or female. In 2015, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) redesigned its acute stroke care work flow for the entire region, which included immediate evaluation by a stroke neurologist via video, an expedited IV tPA treatment program, rapid CT angiographic investigation, and expedited transfer of appropriate patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) for endovascular stroke treatment (EST). We sought to evaluate whether disparities exist in acute stroke treatment within the redesigned process. Methods: KPNC is an integrated health care system with 21 certified stroke centers serving 3.9+ millions members. All centers implemented the new program by January 2016. Using clinical data from 1/1/16 to 7/10/16, we evaluated the frequency of IV tPA administration by gender, race, and age groups after implementation of the new process. We performed multivariate analysis with age, gender, race-ethnicity, Kaiser membership, mode of ED arrival (by ambulance vs. private transportation) to assess for any disparities in achieving DTN time. Results: Post implementation, we found no significant differences in the rates of IV t-pa administration in eligible patients based on race, gender, age category ( Conclusions: Thus far, we have found no disparities in the use of IV tPA or DTN time for a large integrated healthcare system after implementation of the Stroke EXPRESS program. A consistent standardized approach to acute stroke care may help to reduce disparities on the basis of race, gender, age, or even membership in healthcare system.
Twinning in ferroelectric thin films: Theory and structural analysis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the crystallographic relations of domains in a poly domain structure. The thermodynamic analysis of the poly domain formation leads to the domain stability map, which is essentially a phase diagram that shows not only the regions of stability for possible domain configurations but also the fraction of domains in a specific domain structure as functions of misfit strain, lattice parameters, and film thickness. Progress in existing film deposition techniques—such as sol-gel processing and RF sputtering—and the advent of new techniques—such as pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)—have made it possible to grow ferroelectric ceramics as thin films with good compositional control on various substrates. However, if the film is polycrystalline, then it must be poled to achieve maximum piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and electro-optic response, which obviously is less than the response of a single crystalline film. Furthermore, the presence of high-angle grain boundaries is detrimental to device performance and electrical properties. If the substrate is chosen suitably such that the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the film is relatively small, then epitaxial growth can be promoted in many cases. Epitaxy in the film provides a means to achieve superior physical properties when compared to polycrystalline films because epitaxial films have a lower density of scattering centers such as grain boundaries.
Machine Learning and Financial Planning

One of the top recent events in machine learning (ML) involves Google's Alpha Go System beating the world's best player Ke Jie, while experts had predicted that Go (which is considered by many to be the world's most advanced board game) was too complex to be conquered by a computer for a decade or more. What are the main ideas underlying ML algorithms? What can be expected in the area of financial planning vis-a-vis ML? Will there be major disruptions in financial services?
Parolee–Parole Officer Rapport: Does It Impact Recidivism?:

Parole officers are an integral part of parolees' reentry process and success. Few studies, however, have examined whether the quality of the relationship between parolees and their parole officer influences outcomes such as recidivism. This study assesses how recidivism is affected by the quality of the relationship that parolees have with their parole officers. Using the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) dataset, we use parolees' perceptions of their relationship with their parole officer to determine whether they have established a positive or negative relationship, and whether these types of relationships differentially affect recidivism. Results show that parolees who have a negative relationship with their parole officer have higher rates of recidivism, while a positive relationship lowers parolees' likelihood of recidivating. An implication of this study emphasizes parole officer training that develops positive, high-quality relationships with parolees. Further implications are discussed below.
Teaching with PACER: Improving Understanding by Harnessing Transparency

The article discusses teaching law school courses with the Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER) system and both student and instructor e-writing projects relating to that system. The case method of instruction in its classic form does not capture the context and intricacies of bankruptcy practice, especially in United States Chapter 11 cases. What is often missing is the rich compilation of detail found in the mountain of filings that is a Chapter 11 case, whether large or small. These details often evidence the shifting loyalties, relationships, interests, and emotions of the participants. These dynamics are largely lost in even trial court decisions in the case, much less appellate opinions. With the advent of national federal court adoption of the PACER system throughout the United States, however, a new resource for teaching has arrived. Over the last several years, I have been teaching Chapter 11 seminars that augment a text with a research project that uses PACER (or a similar service available in some large cases from the claims agents in the case) to provide access to the docket and substantially all the pleadings and other documents in the case. This research project allows students to research the background of the debtor company, examine what led it to seek relief under Chapter 11, and to follow the case to conclusion, through all its twists and turns, even if there are no appeals. Student reaction has been positive.
The Decidual Hormones and Their Role in Pregnancy Recognition

How does the mother recognize the presence of the blastocyst and adjust to provide the right milieu for the embryo to implant, to grow, and to remain in a safe uterine environment until able to survive outside the womb? The answer to this question, as discussed by Dr. Mori and Kanzaki in another chapter, appears to differ in different species. However one common denominator to all species is the necessity to maintain adequate levels of ovarian steroids in the maternal circulation and to rapidly change the uterine environment so that contact between mother and fetus becomes possible without damage to the mother or rejection of the fetus.
Tensegrity, Dynamic Networks, and Complex Systems Biology: Emergence in Structural and Information Networks Within Living Cells

The genomic revolution has led to the systematic characterization of all the genes of the genome and the proteins they encode. But we still do not fully understand how many cell behaviors are controlled, because many important biological properties of cells emerge at the whole-system level from the collective action of thousands of molecular components, which is orchestrated through specific regulatory interactions. In this chapter we present two distinct approaches based on the concept of molecular networks to understand two fundamental system properties of living cells: their ability to maintain their shape and mechanical stability, and their ability to express stable, discrete cell phenotypes and switch between them. We first describe how structural networks built using the principles of tensegrity architecture and computational models that incorporate these features can predict many of the complex mechanical behaviors that are exhibited by living mammalian cells. We then discuss how genome-wide biochemical signaling networks produce “attractor” states that may represent the stable cell phenotypes, such as growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, and which explain how cells can make discrete cell fate decisions in the presence of multiple conflicting signals. These network-based concepts help to bridge the apparent gap between emergent system features characteristic of living cells and the underlying molecular processes.
Analytic Covering Maps

In this chapter it will be shown that for every region Ω in the plane such that ℂ\Ω has at least two points, there is an analytic covering map τ:D →Ω. This is the essential part of what is called the Uniformization Theorem. The reader might want to review §9.7 before going much further. The reader will be assumed to be familiar with some basic topological notions such as the fundamental group and its properties. Some topological facts will be proved (especially in the first section) even though they may seem elementary and assumable to many.
Structure Evolution of Ferrofluid Emulsions

The evolution of field-induced structure in a colloidal system through dipole interactions has recently been studied in cells with little or no confinement. For example, one study [1] was carried out in an electrorheological (ER) fluids. A dipole interaction aligns the particles into chains, and different chains further coalesce to form columns. The coarsening is believed to be due to thermal fluctuations along chains. The theory [1] has predicted that for an infinitely long chains the coarsening due to thermal fluctuation should follow a power law of the form: d ~ t 5/9. The experimental result for a cell thickness of 0.7 mm shows that the chain coarsening varies in time in accordance with the power law d ~ t 0.4, where d is a characteristic length of the structure. This experiment has considered the effect of cell thickness or width along the field direction to be essentially infinite due to image dipoles formed at the boundaries. Therefore, in that case the system is unconfined.
FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF ALUMINUM ALLOY WELDMENTS

During the last eight years, a number of research studies have been conducted on the fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy weldments under the guidance of the Aluminum Alloys Committee of the Welding Research Council. The initial study was a comprehensive review of the current (1970) state of knowledge and the development of research needs. The additional studies have included investigations into the effect of weld orientation (longitudinal versus transverse), thickened plates, and weld defects on fatigue behavior. This paper provides a summary of these five studies.
A quantitative probabilistic framework for estimating the critical moment in a petroleum system

The petroleum system concept spans the spatial and temporal extent of all elements and processes required for the generation and preservation of petroleum. The critical moment of a petroleum system is the moment with the highest probability for the generation–migration–accumulation of hydrocarbons. It is an important concept in petroleum exploration risk assessment because the stratigraphic and geographic extents of a petroleum system are determined at the critical moment. In petroleum systems, thermal history data, burial history data, and vitrinite reflectance data may be unavailable, unreliable, or incomplete; this introduces significant uncertainty in the choice of the critical moment. We present here a quantitative probabilistic framework for estimating the critical moment and quantifying the associated uncertainty in such cases. We define a probabilistic early bound and late bound for the critical moment (which, combined together, we term the critical range) and then estimate the moment with the highest numerical probability of generation–migration–accumulation. We define the uncertainty associated with the critical moment as half the absolute value of the critical range. In cases with little ambiguity or duplicity in the timing of petroleum system elements and processes, the critical range converges to one point, which is also the critical moment. The probabilistic framework introduces consistency to the critical moment estimation problem and quantifies the level of uncertainty in the estimation. This reduces the risk involved in petroleum exploration assessment.
Trajectory model for vertical sphere water-entry in presence of deep-seal cavity

Abstract This study presents a piecewise model for determining the vertical distance and velocity evolution with time for a sphere impacting a water surface and submerging to depths beyond deep-seal cavity pinch-off. Experimental data taken with a high-speed camera are presented for varying sphere mass ratios and impact velocities. The semi-empirical model incorporates results from previously published research and is shown to be in good agreement with experiments for heavier spheres but deviates when the sphere is only slightly denser than water. Two causes for the deviation are presented which relate to the dynamics of the cavity pinch-off event and the inception of a trailing vortex ring after the trailing cavity sloughs from the sphere. A model for predicting cavity pinch-off time and sphere position and velocity at the moment of cavity pinch-off is shown to agree well with experimental results for varying sphere mass ratios and impact velocities. The key experimental values are provided for comparison with current and future modeling efforts.
Utilization and Outcomes of Radial Artery Access for Lower Extremity Endovascular Intervention.

Introduction Radial artery access has become popular for cardiac interventions, but its role in lower extremity interventions is not well defined. We aimed to describe current utilization and outcomes of transradial access for lower extremity interventions. Methods Peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) from 2016-2020 where transradial access was employed in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry were studied. Cases before 2016 were excluded as documentation of transradial access was not possible in earlier years. PVIs involving radial artery access were evaluated with regard to access guidance, access-site complications, target vessels treated and the technical success of these interventions. Results Of 167,098 PVIs, 1,096 (0.66%) involved radial access. Utilization varied significantly by region (P Discussion Radial access is associated with high technical success rates and low access-site complication rates. Advances in device profile and shaft length may overcome shortcomings of transradial access and lead to further utilization of this access site.
Narrative Realism at the Interplay of Traditionality and Modernity in Ousmane Sembene’s God’s Bits of Woods and Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s The River Between

This paper articulates the interactions between a traditional and modern world as embodied by the colonizer and the colonized, focusing on Ousmane Sembene’s God’s Bits of Woods (1960) and Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s The River Between (1965). It argues that both narratives can be read as realist novels that counter the hegemonic power of the European empire. While Sembene engages in critiquing imperialism and its social and cultural effects in the West African community –Senegal, Mali and Niger – Ngugi concentrates on the internal problems of the Gikuyu as they respond to the contact with the Western culture. The essay claims that the sociopolitical agendas in these novels should be understood within the context of French and British colonial regimes concerned with finding a legitimizing basis and control in an era when social and political forces of the colonies were energetically asserting themselves.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Aniline Trimers in Different Oxidation States

Polyanilines are an important class of organic compounds, due to their utility in a large variety of applications. In contrast, oligo­anilines have been employed far more sporadically, in large part reflecting an absence of refined synthetic approaches. Herein, we report, for the first time, a relatively large-scale strategy to generate highly pure aniline trimers at different oxidation states with excellent yields (90–97%).
Direct and indirect optimal control applied to plant virus propagation with seasonality and delays

Abstract In many applications of mathematical modeling to biology, economics, social sciences and engineering, the objective is to find optimal solutions. Usually we want to minimize an objective function depending on a number of functions subject to constraints given, for example, by systems of differential equations. Two main numerical approaches are used to solve these optimal control problems, depending on whether the problem is optimized first and then discretized, or vice versa. Each of these two approaches has its advantages and disadvantages. In this paper we describe both methods an apply them to a plant virus propagation model, where the virus is propagated through a vector that bites the infected plants. The model includes delays due to the time the virus takes to infect the plant and the vector, and seasonality due to the dependence of the behavior on the seasons. The objective function is the total cost to a farmer of having infected plants, and includes the actual cost of a plant plus the cost of the controls which are insecticides and a predator species that preys on the insects. Numerical simulations are done using both methods and comparisons are made.
Lubricants and rectal douching: associations with rectal gonorrhea, chlamydia, and/or syphilis infection among men who have sex with men.

Despite widespread prevalence of lubricant use and rectal douching for receptive anal intercourse (RAI) among men who have sex with men (MSM), research evaluating the association of these behaviors...
An analysis of Atlantic water in the Arctic Ocean using the Arctic Subpolar gyre state estimate and observations

Abstract The Atlantic Water (AW) Layer in the Arctic Subpolar gyre sTate Estimate Release 1 (ASTE R1), a data-constrained, regional, medium-resolution coupled ocean-sea ice model, is analyzed for the period 2004–2017 in combination with available hydrographic data. The study, focusing on AW defined as the waters between two bounding isopycnals, examines the time-average, mean seasonal cycle and interannual variability of AW Layer properties and circulation. A surge of AW, marked by rapid increases in mean AW Layer potential temperature and AW Layer thickness, begins two years into the state estimate and traverses the Arctic Ocean along boundary current pathways at a speed of 1–2 cm/s. The surge also alters AW circulation, including a reversal in flow direction along the Lomonosov Ridge, resulting in a new quasi-steady AW circulation from 2010 through the end of the state estimate period. The time-mean AW circulation during this latter time period indicates that a significant amount of AW spreads over the Lomonosov Ridge rather than directly returning along the ridge to Fram Strait. A three-layer depiction of the time-averaged ASTE R1 overturning circulation within the Arctic Ocean reveals that more AW is converted to colder, fresher Surface Layer water than is transformed to Deep and Bottom Water (1.2 Sv vs. 0.4 Sv). ASTE R1 also exhibits an increase in the volume of AW over the study period at a rate of 1.4 Sv, with near compensating decrease in Deep and Bottom Water volume. Observed AW properties compared to ASTE R1 output reveal increasing misfit during the simulated period with the ASTE R1 AW Layer generally being warmer and thicker than in observations.
Effects of Ligand Substitution on the Optical and Electrochemical Properties of (Pyridinedipyrrolide)zirconium Photosensitizers.

A series of seven bis(pyridinedipyrrolide)zirconium complexes, Zr(R1PDPR2)2, where [R1PDPR2]2– is the doubly deprotonated form of [2,6-bis(5-R1-3-R2-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine], were prepared and char...
Capturing a Moment in Time: A Survey of School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Experiences in the Immediate Aftermath of the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency

Purpose Data collected by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association in the spring of 2020 showed that most speech-language pathologists (SLPs) experienced a moderate to major impact on their...