cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unocal Pipeline v. Kennedy: What Is the Proper Method for Reporting the Lousiana Income of a Partnership That Has Elected Out of Subchapter K?

Taking a look at the Lousiana Court of Appeal's decision in Unocal Pipeline Co., the author asks what the proper method is for reporting the Louisiana income of a partnership that had elected out of subchapter K of the IRC. When a partnership has elected to be excluded from subchapter K, there is no partnership income to allocate, the author says. In Unocal, taxing the partners as co-owners would have been consistent with the election to be excluded from subchapter K, she writes.
In-Core Fuel Management Educational Module

This educational module utilizes techniques used to calculate the core reactivity, power distribution, and isotopic inventory for the first and subsequent cores of a nuclear power plant to maintain...
Dynamics of Moose Aggregations in Alaska, Minnesota, and Montana

Distributions of annual aggregation patterns in three populations of moose ( Alces alces ) occupying different habitats are evaluated. Aggregation sizes were related to breeding activities, mother-young relationships, the male social system, sex ratio of the population, and habitat characteristics including forage sources, topography, and cover distribution. Group sizes were highest and most variable in the population of Kenai, Alaska, which was most dense of the three, and lowest and least variable in southwestern Montana, the least dense population. The highest group sizes occurred in fall and winter, and were lowest in summer. Cows were most gregarious in the Kenai population where the sex ratio favored females. Bulls appeared to aggregate following the rut, perhaps for establishment or reaffirmation of a rank order. Largest group sizes occurred when moose were primarily on the most open parts of their habitat: alpine tundra on the Kenai; recent cutover areas in northeastern Minnesota; and willow bottoms in Montana. This tendency may have a psychological basis, wherein the larger group replaces the role of cover in providing security for the individual, but in mountainous terrain animals were concentrated on forage sources at low elevations where snows were least likely to hinder movement and foraging. In contrast, on the relatively even terrain in northeastern Minnesota, successful occupation of late winter cover where forage was sparse was facilitated by dispersal of the population. The highly solitary and aggressive nature of the cow which escorts a calf may serve as a strategy for defense against predation.
Abstract 1940: Successful eradication of established peritoneal ovarian tumors in SCID-beige mice following adoptive transfer of T cells genetically targeted to the MUC16 antigen

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Most patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer will ultimately die from their disease. For this reason, novel approaches to the treatment of this malignancy are needed. Adoptive transfer of a patients own T cells, genetically modified ex vivo through the introduction of a gene encoding an chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), an artificial T cell receptor, targeted to a tumor associated antigen, is a novel and promising approach to cancer therapy applicable to the treatment of ovarian cancer. We have generated several CARs targeted to the retained extracellular domain of MUC16, termed MUC-CD, an antigen highly expressed on a majority of ovarian carcinomas. We investigate the in vitro biology of human T cells retrovirally transduced to express these CARs by co-culture assays on artificial antigen presenting cells (AAPCs) generated from NIH3T3 fibroblasts genetically modified to express the target MUC-CD antigen, as well as by cytotoxicity and proliferation assays utilizing the target human OV-CAR3(MUC-CD) ovarian tumor cell line. Finally, we assess the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of human MUC-CD targeted T cells in a SCID-Beige orthotopic, xenogeneic OV-CAR3(MUC-CD) murine tumor model. CAR modified MUC-CD targeted T cells exhibited efficient in vitro cytolytic activity against cell lines which expressed the MUC-CD antigen and could be further expanded ex vivo through multiple cycles of co-culture on 3T3(MUC-CD/B7.1) AAPCs. Expanded MUC-CD targeted T cells infused into SCID-Beige mice bearing intraperitoneal human OV-CAR3(MUC-CD) tumors either delayed progression or fully eradicated tumor even in the setting of advanced disease. These promising pre-clinical studies justify further investigation of MUC-CD targeted T cells as a potential therapeutic approach in the clinical setting treating patients with high risk MUC-16+ ovarian carcinomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1940.
Observations as Decision Support for Coastal Management in Response to Local Sea Level Changes

Local Sea Level (LSL) rise is among the major anticipated impacts of future global warming. Policy makers face a trade-off between imposing today the very high costs of mitigation, adaptation, and coastal protection upon national economies and leaving the costs of major disasters for future generations. Predictions of future LSL trajectories with reliable estimates of uncertainties are a crucial input to risk and vulnerability assessments in support of informed decisions. Current aleatory uncertainties in observations related to past and current LSL variations combined with epistemic uncertainties in some of the global, regional and local processes forcing LSL changes produce a large range of plausible future LSL trajectories and weak estimates of uncertainties. Thus, scientific support for policy makers aiming at reasonable coastal zone policies and mitigation and adaptation strategies is limited. Additional spaceborne and in situ observations are needed in order to improve decision support by reducing the uncertainties in LSL predictions through better estimates of current trends and improved predictive capabilities of relevant models. However, long-term predictions will remain to be associated with large uncertainties, and decision support will mainly come from comprehensive monitoring of all forcing processes of LSL changes and a forecasting of LSL on decadal time scales.
The Association Between Weather and Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Analysis of 155 US Hospitals

Background A seasonal and meteorological influence on the incidence of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been suggested, but a consensus in the literature has yet to emerge. Objective This study examines the impact of weather patterns on the incidence of SAH using a geographically broad analysis of hospital admissions and represents the largest study of the topic to date. Methods We retrospectively analyzed SAH admissions to 155 US hospitals during the calendar years 2004 to 2008 (N = 7758). Daily weather readings for temperature, pressure, and humidity were obtained for the same period from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather stations located near each hospital. The daily values of each weather variable were associated with the daily volume of SAH admissions using a combination of correlation and time-series analyses. Results No seasonal trends were observed in the monthly volume of SAH admissions during the study period. No significant correlation was detected between the daily SAH admission volume and the day's weather, the previous day's weather, or the 24-hour weather change. Conclusion This study represents the most comprehensive investigation of the association between weather and spontaneous SAH to date. The results suggest that neither season nor weather significantly influences the incidence of SAH.
Dynamic mean field theory for lattice gas models of fluid mixtures confined in mesoporous materials.

We present the extension of dynamic mean field theory (DMFT) for fluids in porous materials (Monson, P. A. J. Chem. Phys. 2008, 128, 084701) to the case of mixtures. The theory can be used to descr...
Innovation to Be Accomplished in China's Financial Reform

Compared to the innovative activities in the financial reform in western countries under the developed market economy system, ours are more government-dominated than promoted by macro-economy as the main player. With the accession to the WTO, China is now faced with increasing challenges of the competition among international finance institutions, and it has become a great political pressure to joint our financial institutions with the international ones. In such a case, it would be of great importance how to gain a better balance between the innovative activity promotion in terms of our accomplished logic, and the enhancement of the efficiency of our financial resources allocation and the prevention of financial crisis by means of market-oriented innovative activities.
IVERMECTIN TREATMENT OF NATURALLY ACQUIRED AND EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS INFECTIONS IN DOGS

Treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis infection was investigated in 2 dogs with naturally acquired, chronic-active infections, and in 3 dogs with corticosteroid-enhanced, experimentally induced hyperinfections. A single oral dose of ivermectin was given to naturally infected (200 micrograms/kg of body weight) and experimentally infected (800 micrograms/kg) dogs. Five dogs with experimental hyperinfections served as controls. Dogs with naturally acquired infections ceased to shed first-stage larvae in the feces 1 week after treatment, but 1 dog had recrudescence and required a second dose. Ivermectin was 100% effective in removing adult S stercoralis from the intestinal tract of the experimentally infected dogs, but it was not effective in removing third-stage larvae from parenteral sites. Ivermectin-treated dogs had few intestinal parasites of any stage, whereas at necropsy, 4 of 5 experimentally infected dogs not treated had massive infections (greater than 100,000 adults, greater than 92,000 larvae) in the intestinal tract, and 3 of 5 had larvae (greater than 2,500) in parenteral sites.
The Fault Is in Our Scars: LGE and Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in LV Dysfunction

In this issue of iJACC , Disertori et al. [(1)][1] present a meta-analysis of the association between myocardial scar detected by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and ventricular arrhythmia (VA) risk. The study included 2,850 patients from 19 different
Potential of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase as a Therapeutic Target for Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness: A Critical Connection to Nitric Oxide Levels and PARP Activity

Although expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the lungs of asthmatics and associated nitrosative damage are established, iNOS failed as a therapeutic target for blocking airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in asthmatics. This dichotomy calls for better strategies with which the enzyme is adequately targeted. Here, we confirm iNOS expression in the asthmatic lung with concomitant protein nitration and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation. We show, for the first time, that iNOS is highly expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of asthmatics with uncontrolled disease, which did not correspond to protein nitration. Selective iNOS inhibition with L-NIL protected against AHR upon acute, but not chronic, exposure to ovalbumin or house dust mite (HDM) in mice. Supplementation of NO by nitrite administration significantly blocked AHR in chronically HDM-exposed mice that were treated with L-NIL. Protection against chronic HDM exposure-induced AHR by olaparib-mediated PARP inhibition may be associated with the partial but not the complete blockade of iNOS expression. Indeed, L-NIL administration prevented olaparib-mediated protection against AHR in chronically HDM-exposed mice. Our study suggests that the amount of iNOS and NO are critical determinants in the modulation of AHR by selective iNOS inhibitors and renews the potential of iNOS as a therapeutic target for asthma.
I/O virtualization and system acceleration in POWER8

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. POWER8 delivers advanced virtualization for CPU and I/O. POWER8 takes the next step in exploiting system accelerators. Collaborative Innovation based on Open Standards.
Finding the imposter: brain connectivity of lesions causing delusional misidentifications

SEE MCKAY AND FURL DOI101093/AWW323 FOR A SCIENTIFIC COMMENTARY ON THIS ARTICLE: Focal brain injury can sometimes lead to bizarre symptoms, such as the delusion that a family member has been replaced by an imposter (Capgras syndrome). How a single brain lesion could cause such a complex disorder is unclear, leading many to speculate that concurrent delirium, psychiatric disease, dementia, or a second lesion is required. Here we instead propose that Capgras and other delusional misidentification syndromes arise from single lesions at unique locations within the human brain connectome. This hypothesis is motivated by evidence that symptoms emerge from sites functionally connected to a lesion location, not just the lesion location itself. First, 17 cases of lesion-induced delusional misidentifications were identified and lesion locations were mapped to a common brain atlas. Second, lesion network mapping was used to identify brain regions functionally connected to the lesion locations. Third, regions involved in familiarity perception and belief evaluation, two processes thought to be abnormal in delusional misidentifications, were identified using meta-analyses of previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. We found that all 17 lesion locations were functionally connected to the left retrosplenial cortex, the region most activated in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of familiarity. Similarly, 16 of 17 lesion locations were functionally connected to the right frontal cortex, the region most activated in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of expectation violation, a component of belief evaluation. This connectivity pattern was highly specific for delusional misidentifications compared to four other lesion-induced neurological syndromes (P < 0.0001). Finally, 15 lesions causing other types of delusions were connected to expectation violation (P < 0.0001) but not familiarity regions, demonstrating specificity for delusion content. Our results provide potential neuroanatomical correlates for impaired familiarity perception and belief evaluation in patients with delusional misidentifications. More generally, we demonstrate a mechanism by which a single lesion can cause a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome based on that lesion's unique pattern of functional connectivity, without the need for pre-existing or hidden pathology.
CONSISTENT EFFECT OF EMPAGLIFLOZIN ON COMPOSITE OUTCOMES RELATED TO HEART FAILURE: RESULTS FROM EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Background: In the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial, empagliflozin (EMPA) given in addition to standard of care significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death by 38%, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) by 35%, and the composite of HHF or CV death by 34% vs placebo in patients with type 2
Dynamic Modeling and Optimization of Batch Crystallization Processes

Abstract All efficient dynamic optimization algorithm is applied to an industrial crystallization process. The problem is solved using a Windows-based modeling and optimization environment called DynoPC, which incorporates a simultaneous Newton-type SQP strategy. The crystallizer is modeled and monitored using temperatures, instead of concentrations, as output variables. The correlation of the temperature inside the crystallizer with that of the cooling media makes the process easier to control. In addition to the cooling profile, the addition of mother liquor during the batch operation is also considered, and its flow rate and temperature are added as control variables. By solving the optimization problem the mean crystal size is increased 50% over a previous operating case.
Lateral phoria at distance: contributions of accommodation.

Lateral heterophoria at distance often is cited as an index of tonic vergence, yet recent research has shown that vergence in darkness to more convergent than most measures of phoria. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the possible role of accommodation in this discrepancy. Experiment I compared measures of distance phoria of 19 young adults with measures of vergence and accommodation of the same subjects. Dark vergence was found to be correlated with but significantly more convergent than distance phoria. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that individual measures of phoria were related to subjects' negative accommodation (from the dark focus to the distant target) as well as to dark vergence. Experiment II tested 13 young adults to evaluate three simple models of the influence of accommodation on distance phoria. Distance phoria was predicted best by a model that included the subjects' negative accommodation, accommodative vergence, and dark vergence. These findings support the hypothesis that distance phoria is influenced by accommodation for the fixation target. Dark vergence is a simpler index of tonic vergence. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:27332743,1992 Historically, phoria has been used as the standard clinical measure of extraocular muscle balance, and lateral phoria has been generally accepted as an index of the resting or tonic posture of binocular vergence. 12 Contemporary research on tonic vergence, however, has revealed a puzzling discrepancy. 3 Measurements of binocular alignment in total darkness (dark vergence), where there is no visual stimulus for vergence or accommodation, typically show a more convergent posture than those obtained with measures of dis
Introduction to Primate Hearing and Communication

The diverse and well-studied order Primates serves as an excellent model for understanding the evolution of acoustic communication among mammals. Over the past 60 million years, primates have evolved into more than 300 extant species that range from nocturnal to diurnal, arboreal to terrestrial, and solitary to groups of thousands, and they range in body mass from the 30-g pygmy mouse lemur (Microcebus myoxinus) to the 175-kg eastern lowland gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri). Nonhuman primates vary in their auditory sensitivity and perceptual capabilities and emit a wide range of often complex vocalizations. Some aspects of primate audition and vocalizations have been related to each other and/or phylogeny, anatomy, and ecology, but many aspects have yet to be fully understood. The integration of anatomical and behavioral data on acoustic communication, and the correlates thereof, have significant potential for reconstructing behavior in the fossil record, including that of humans. This volume presents a comprehensive review of nonhuman primate audition and vocal communication to bridge these closely related topics that are often addressed separately. The first section of the book is a discussion of primate sound production, reception, and perception, as well as habitat acoustics in the environmental settings occupied by primates in the wild. The second section focuses on vocal communication in extant primates, including consideration of spectral analyses of primate calls and the evolutionary relationships among hearing, vocal communication, and human language. The goal for this comprehensive approach is to provide new insights into these related topics.
SMFM Special Report: Putting the "M" back in MFM: Addressing education about disparities in maternal outcomes and care.

At the 36th Annual meeting of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), leaders in the field of maternal-fetal medicine (MFM) convened to address maternal outcome and care inequities from 3 perspectives: (1) education, (2) clinical care, and (3) research. Meeting attendees identified knowledge gaps regarding disparities within the provider community; reviewed possible frameworks to address these knowledge gaps; and identified models with which to address key clinical issues. Collaboration and communication between all stakeholders will be needed to gain a better understanding of these prevailing disparities and formulate strategies to eliminate them.
Multiple paths to straths: A review and reassessment of terrace genesis

Abstract Strath terraces, an important tool in tectonic geomorphology, have been attributed to climatic, tectonic, volcanic, and human activity, yet the pathways connecting external forcings to the channel response leading to terrace formation are highly variable and complex. To better understand variability and controls on the pathways between forcing and terrace formation, we created a comprehensive database of 421 strath terraces from peer-reviewed literature and noted the strath age and rock type, the ascribed forcing (climate, tectonics, volcanoes, or humans) or whether the cause was unascribed, and the pathway between forcing and strath incision or planation. Study authors identify climate, tectonics, volcanoes, and humans as the forcing for 232 (55%), 20 (5%), 8 (2%), and 5 (1%) strath terraces in our compilation respectively. A forcing was not identified for the remaining 156 (37%) terraces. Strath terraces were dated using 14 different methods: 71% of terraces in our database are dated using methods, such as radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence, that date planation and give a maximum age of incision; 16% of terraces are dated with methods that give a minimum age of incision; and 14% use a variety of methods for which a generalization about incision age cannot be made. That the majority of terrace studies use planation ages to understand terrace formation highlights the necessity of knowing the relative timescales of incisional and planation phases, which has so far been quantified in only a handful of studies. In general, rivers in arid regions plane straths in interglacial periods when discharge and sediment transport capacity increase, whereas temperate rivers plane in glacial or interglacial periods when sediment supply increases. Heterogeneities in rock strength between watersheds further control how sediment is produced and when straths are planed. Globally, these regional and watershed controls result in strath planation and incision during all parts of the glacial cycle. Terraces with no identified forcing in our database reach a maximum frequency during the late Holocene (4 kya–present) and could potentially be explained by regional deforestation and increased anthropogenic fire frequency, regionally active tectonics, and climate fluctuations. Deforestation and fires, by reducing the supply of wood to streams, decrease instream sediment retention and could convert alluvial channels to bedrock, thus promoting strath incision. The regional and watershed controls on strath formation highlighted in our database, as well as the possibility of anthropogenic forcings on strath terrace formation in the late Holocene, illustrate the importance of explicitly establishing the pathway between forcing and strath terrace formation in order to accurately interpret the cause of strath formation.
An Analysis Of Anonymity In Bitcoin Using P2P Network Traffic

Over the last 4 years, Bitcoin, a decentralized P2P crypto-currency, has gained widespread attention. The ability to create pseudo-anonymous financial transactions using bitcoins has made the currency attractive to users who value their privacy. Although previous work has analyzed the degree of anonymity Bitcoin offers using clustering and flow analysis, none have demonstrated the ability to map Bitcoin addresses directly to IP data. We propose a novel approach to creating and evaluating such mappings solely using real-time transaction traffic collected over 5 months. We developed heuristics for identifying ownership relationships between Bitcoin addresses and IP addresses. We discuss the circumstances under which these relationships become apparent and demonstrate how nearly 1,000 Bitcoin addresses can be mapped to their likely owner IPs by leveraging anomalous relaying behavior.
Fifteen years of research on preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users: what we have learned, what we have not learned, what we have done, what we have not done.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was formally identified among injecting drug users (IDUs) in 1981, and research on preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among drug injectors began shortly thereafter. At the time this research was begun, there was a general assumption that drug user (who were called drug abusers at that time) were too self-destructive and their behavior too chaotic for them to change their behavior to avoid infection with HIV. This chapter reviews the history of research on implementation of programs for prevention of HIV infection among IDUs. METHODS: Reviews of both research and program implementation research were conducted. Consultative discussions of issues and findings were conducted with researcher in the United States and other countries. RESULTS: An extremely large amount of useful information has accumulated during the pat 15 years. We now know that the great majority of IDUs will change their injecting behavior in response to the threat of AIDS and that these behavior changes are effective in reducing HIV transmission among drug injectors. Additional insight is needed regarding the apparent insufficiency of some prevention programs to control HIV, the transmission dynamics of rapid HIV spread, and the persistence of moderate to high incidence of HIV infection in high seroprevalence populations. Despite the current research knowledge base, implementation of effective prevention programs in may countries is nonexistent to incomplete. CONCLUSIONS: The most important barrier to reducing HIV transmission among drug injectors is not a lack of knowledge but the failure to implement effective prevention programs in may parts of the world.
The Specter of Popery: Infallibility and the Vatican Decrees

In his 1874 pamphlet The Vatican Decrees in Their Bearing on Civil Allegiance: A Political Expostulation, Gladstone took critical aim at Pope Pius IX and the papal decree of infallibility. He declared it a dangerous innovation that subordinated Catholics in England to the dictates of the pope in matters of civic loyalty as well as faith and morals. The controversy also drew in famed converts to Catholics Bishop Henry Manning and Cardinal Newman. Peterson examines how Gladstone’s reputation as a champion of liberty continued to advance, except among Roman Catholics, who published withering criticisms of the pamphlet. With a few exceptions, American Protestant and secular papers largely agreed with Gladstone’s warning. His pamphlet was considered a credible and necessary call for lovers of liberty.
Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizer Impacts on Yield-Scaled Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Maize

Balancing efforts to mitigate nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from crop production while increasing grain yields is an important challenge for agriculture. The objectives of this study were to assess N₂O emissions, soil inorganic nitrogen (N) concentrations, grain yield, and grain N content for three enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) compared with anhydrous ammonia in a rainfed corn system in Illinois over 3 yr (2015–2017). Treatments included a control (check) and four N sources applied at 202 kg N ha⁻¹: injected anhydrous ammonia, stabilized urea containing urease and nitrification inhibitors (SuperU, Agrotain International), polymer-coated urea (ESN, Agrium Advanced Technologies), and injected urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) + nitrapyrin. Significant reductions in N₂O emissions were observed for several EENFs compared with anhydrous ammonia, but results were not consistent across treatments and years. SuperU reduced area- and yield-scaled N₂O emissions in two of three study years compared with anhydrous ammonia, while ESN had no N₂O mitigation benefit. Injected UAN + nitrapyrin had the highest emissions in the first year but significantly decreased emissions in the second 2 yr. No treatment significantly improved yield or grain N content compared with anhydrous ammonia. In light of efforts to broadly promote EENFs in the US Midwest, these results demonstrate there is some promise for N₂O mitigation, but the lack of clear crop productivity benefits combined with inconsistent N₂O mitigation effects do not support the conclusion that EENFs inherently improve agronomic and environmental outcomes.
REV-ERBα Regulates TH17 Cell Development and Autoimmunity.

ROR gamma t is well recognized as the lineage-defining transcription factor for T helper 17 (T(H)17) cell development. However, the cell-intrinsic mechanisms that negatively regulate T(H)17 cell development and autoimmunity remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the transcriptional repressor REV-ERB alpha is exclusively expressed in T(H)17 cells, competes with ROR gamma t for their shared DNA consensus sequence, and negatively regulates T(H)17 cell development via repression of genes traditionally characterized as ROR gamma t dependent, including parallel to 17a. Deletion of REV-ERB alpha enhanced T(H)17-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, exacerbating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and colitis. Treatment with REV-ERB-specific synthetic ligands, which have similar phenotypic properties as ROR gamma modulators, suppressed T(H)17 cell development, was effective in colitis intervention studies, and significantly decreased the onset, severity, and relapse rate in several models of EAE without affecting thymic cellularity. Our results establish that REV-ERB alpha negatively regulates pro-inflammatory T(H)17 responses in vivo and identifies the REV-ERBs as potential targets for the treatment of T(H)17-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Aggressive imaging protocol for hanging patients yields no significant findings: Over-imaging of hanging injuries.

Abstract Background Despite rising rates of hanging injuries, few high-quality data and no national trauma guidelines are available to standardize the evaluation of these patients. We sought to identify the yield of imaging hanging patients at our institution. Methods This is a retrospective study at an urban Level I Trauma Center. Charts for patients diagnosed with “Hanging, Strangulation, or Asphyxiation” (ICD-9 E93.0) from February 2008 to March 2014 were reviewed. Frequency of imaging orders and their results were recorded. Logistic regression analyses were done to determine factors associated with increased rates of imaging. Results 78 patients met inclusion criteria. The average age was 34 years, 86% were male, and 65% were witnessed hangings. In total, 195 CT scans and 67 X-rays were done. Frequency of imaging in our cohort: 77% received CT of the head (CTH); 88% CT of the neck; 85% CT angiography (CTA) of the neck; 86% chest X-ray. Highest-level trauma activation occurred in 76% of patients and was associated with an increased rate of imaging, with the likelihood of CTH being increased by 31% (p Conclusions In this study, the highest-level trauma activation was associated with increased rates of imaging, but did not alter patient care. A more selective approach in the evaluation of hanging injuries should be considered.
TLR4-dependent signaling drives extracellular catabolism of low-density lipoprotein aggregates

ABSTRACT Objective Aggregation and modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) promotes their retention and accumulation in the arteries. This is a critical initiating factor during atherosclerosis. Macrophage catabolism of aggregated LDL (agLDL) occurs using a specialized extracellular, hydrolytic compartment, the lysosomal synapse (LS). Compartment formation by local actin polymerization and delivery of lysosomal contents by exocytosis promotes acidification of the compartment and degradation of agLDL. Internalization of metabolites such as cholesterol promotes foam cell formation, a process that drives atherogenesis. Further, there is accumulating evidence for the involvement of TLR4 and its adaptor protein MyD88 in atherosclerosis. Here, we investigated the role of TLR4 in catabolism of agLDL using the LS and foam cell formation. Approach and Results Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from knockout mice, we find that TLR4 and MyD88 regulate compartment formation, lysosome exocytosis, acidification of the compartment and foam cell formation. Using siRNA, pharmacological inhibition and knockout BMMs, we implicate SYK, PI3 kinase and Akt in agLDL catabolism using the LS. Using bone marrow transplantation of LDL receptor knockout mice with TLR4KO bone marrow, we show that deficiency of TLR4 protects macrophages from lipid accumulation during atherosclerosis. Finally, we demonstrate that macrophages in vivo form an extracellular compartment and exocytose lysosome contents similar to that observed in vitro for degradation of agLDL. Conclusions We present a mechanism in which interaction of macrophages with agLDL initiates a TLR4 signaling pathway, resulting in formation of the LS, catabolism of agLDL and lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo.
Telerehabilitation benefits patients with multiple sclerosis in an urban setting

IntroductionPeople living with multiple sclerosis (MS) often require rehabilitation to manage their symptoms. Telerehabilitation offers improved access to treatment options by reducing travel time ...
Nonlinear Backstepping Controller for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters

In this paper, a backstepping nonlinear control scheme has been designed for a single-phase grid-connected inverter system with local load. The main objective of the proposed controller is to simultaneously improve the quality of the local load voltage while injecting clean current to the grid with unity power factor. Furthermore, this control approach ensures the seamless transfer between grid-connected and stand-alone operation modes without adjusting the controller structure. The proposed controller is validated by a Lyapunov stability analysis as well as via instantaneous dynamic circuit simulation in PLECS software.
Probabilistic Electric Vehicle Load Management in Distribution Grids

Increasing the number of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector can change the load pattern in power grids and affect its service quality and operational reliability. As EVs are mostly parked during the day, an EV load management (EVLM) system has been shown effective in mitigating those effects on power grids. The uncertainties in EV load and the computational burden of its coordination in the large-scale EV penetration, however, make EVLM challenging. In this paper, we address the former using the non-parametric diffusion kernel density estimation (DKDE) to estimate the expected charging energy demand and EV availability. To deal with the latter, we formulate EVLM considering the power flow constraints as a consensus problem which is solved by the alternating direction methods of multipliers (ADMM) in a distributed manner. Using real data, we evaluate the performance of DKDE and compare its results with Gaussian kernel density (GKDE). Owing to the smoothing properties of linear diffusion process and optimal bandwidth selection, DKDE is more adaptive to the training dataset and results in more accurate load estimation. Applying the prediction results to IEEE-13 bus system, the effectiveness of the proposed EVLM in nodal voltage improvement and feeder congestion mitigation is validated.
A 0.6-V 44.6-fJ/Cycle Energy-Optimized Frequency-Locked Loop in 65-nm CMOS With 20.3-ppm/°C Stability

This letter presents an energy efficient, temperature-compensated frequency-locked loop (FLL) for use as an on-chip clock source. We first present a fully integrated FLL architecture that significantly improves energy efficiency by using a loop divider to boost the output frequency without requiring increased static power dissipation. We develop models for the FLL energy-per-cycle and temperature stability and use them to implement an energy-optimized and highly temperature-stable FLL design in 65-nm CMOS that achieves 20.3-ppm/°C temperature stability from −20 °C to 60 °C and an energy efficiency of 44.6-fJ/cycle at 23 °C (45.3 nW at 1.016 MHz), which is the highest energy efficiency reported to date for a fully on-chip oscillator, regardless of architecture, operating frequency, or temperature stability.
Integral equations for scattering from a rough ocean bottom

The motivation for this work is to develop a method in order to assess the impact of bottom roughness on transmission loss and reverberation in the mid-frequency range (1–10 kHz). A set of integral equations of the second kind is developed which yields formally exact solutions for sound scattering by a one-dimensional rough interface separating two homogeneous fluid half- spaces. The second kind equations have better convergence properties as compared to the first kind equations and are better suited for iteration methods, which is needed in dealing with scattering from very long rough interfaces at small grazing angles. The current work optimizes the equations to avoid the issue of hyper-singularity. Numerical examples are shown to demonstrate the validity of the method. The well-established but less well known forward- and backward iteration schemed developed by Kapp and Brown for sea surface scattering is extended to the seafloor scenario. It is found that the iteration method is highly effective, and one, or at most two iterations, are enough to yield accurate results for cases involving typical roughness encountered in a natural seafloor. This paves the way for modeling seafloor scattering over large distances and waveguides. [Work supported by ONR Ocean Acoustics.]
Mechanics and Mechanisms of Slow Crack Propagation in Brittle Hydrogels

Several experiments have reported rate dependent roughening of crack surfaces in brittle hydrogels following slow crack propagation, 0.1–1 mm/s. We conduct in-situ 2D imaging of an internal plane of propagating cracks and volumetric imaging of stationary cracks using confocal microscopy for very slow crack speeds, 0.01 mm/s, in thin brittle hydrogel specimens. We seek to better understand the mechanisms at play in these slow crack roughening events by observing both crack propagation and renucleation. Additionally, we study the crack tip region and crack shape to infer fracture toughness of the gel. Observations suggest that toughening mechanisms are at play in these surface roughening events and lead to crack arrest followed by renucleation at a “weak” point in the crack surface. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that there are two interconnected mechanisms at play: The crack is slow enough that the gel “sees” the stress concentrations at the crack tip and water is forced out of the gel while there is also time for viscoelastic and plastic processes to occur.
Renvoi and the Barber

The renvoi paradox in choice of law arises when two states' laws each purport to select the other's law. The barber paradox in the foundations of mathematics arises when a set is defined to contain all sets that do not contain themselves, or, more famously, when a barber shaves all men who do not shave themselves. Which state's law applies? Does the set contain itself? Does the barber shave himself? Each answer implies its opposite. Conflict of laws is not mathematics, but it could learn from how mathematicians escape the barber paradox: by modifying their theories to to exclude the kind of self-reference that can go so badly wrong. Renvoi too is a paradox of self-reference. Ordinary choice of law blows up into paradox not when one state’s laws refer to another’s, but when a single state’s laws refer back to themselves. The purpose of renvoi rules is to prevent this paradoxical self-reference from occurring; they work by ignoring some aspect of a state's law. When a choice-of-law rule selects a state's law, it always necessarily selects something less than whole law.
Cold war assemblages: decolonization to digital: by Bhakti Shringarpure, New York, NY, Routledge, 2019, 206 pp., $155 (hardback), ISBN 9780367196943

The question undergirding Bhakti Shringarpure’s Cold War Assemblages is a deceptively simple one: why is theorization of the Cold War mostly absent from postcolonial studies? The reason for that ab...
PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WILD TYPE TRANSTHYRETIN AMYLOID CARDIOMYOPATHY IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS REFERRED FOR TC-99M PYROPHOSPHATE (PYP) SCAN

Understanding the characteristics of patients with a final diagnosis of wild type ATTR cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CA wt) may help optimally triage patients for Tc-99m PYP scanning. We evaluated hospitalized patients who had a positive PYP scan with no TTR gene mutation and negative serum AL studies (ATTR
CHAPTER 10 – Graphics Programming

Publisher Summary This chapter explores graphic programming in Mathematica. Mathematica includes a set of primitive graphics objects that can be used to build up complex pictures by employing all the facilities of the Mathematica programming language. Basic two-dimensional graphics objects can be displayed by a Show[Graphics[—]] command. Also, text can be included in a Graphics object using a text object. The options available for graphics are almost the same as those for plot except for those options affecting the smoothness of a curve. There are two separate ways to combine built-in graphics with graphics primitives, depending on whether one is modifying a built-in graphics function by adding graphics primitives or, instead, modifying a graphics object constructed by including elements produced from built-in graphics routines. A GraphicsArray object is a list or matrix of graphics objects.
Assessing Undergraduate Nonprofit Management Curriculum: A Mixed Methods Case Study of a Strategically Selected University Program

Given the growth of nonprofit management education (NME), there is a need to assess the fulfillment of undergraduate NME programs in comparison to NACC Curricular Guidelines and, further, to compare curriculum to views of former graduates and current nonprofit leaders. This study meets that objective through a multimethod case study of the undergraduate NME program at Arizona State University. Results indicate that former students highly valued leadership skills including ethics and values; leadership and management; finance and fundraising; managing staff and volunteers; and assessment, evaluation, and decision making. Similarly, nonprofit managers reported that areas specific to their roles in management were most important, including human resources management, financial management, assessment and evaluation for decision making, and management theory. A comparison to course syllabi reveals potential gaps in curriculum. Results also lead to practical recommendations including expansion of NACC Undergraduate Curricular Guidelines, increased use of case studies, and integrated curriculum. Subscribe to JNEL
A Hybrid Teaching Method for Undergraduate Biomechanics Lab

The main goal for this work was to provide information as to the possibilities of creating an online or hybrid option for an upper-level biomechanics laboratory that is in keeping with course goals. Conversion of the laboratory modules for online use was described with detailed setup and learning goals. The lecture portions and most labs could be easily converted to online-only options. Some of the other labs could be offered as part of a hybrid delivery method with reasons for what these labs could provide in-person students. Options are also given so that the course can be made completely online if needed. Troubleshooting of mechanical experiments is lost with a completely online presentation; however, experimental design and many other biomechanical techniques are maintained with the online environment.
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification social determinants of health codes are poorly used in electronic health records.

ABSTRACT There have been increasing calls for clinicians to document social determinants of health (SDOH) in electronic health records (EHRs). One potential source of SDOH in the EHRs is in the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) Z codes (Z55-Z65). In February 2018, ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting approved that all clinicians, not just the physicians, involved in the care of a patient can document SDOH using these Z codes.To examine the utilization rate of the ICD-10-CM Z codes using data from a large network of EHRs.We conducted a retrospective analysis of EHR data between 2015 to 2018 in the OneFlorida Clinical Research Consortium, 1 of the 13 Clinical Data Research Networks funded by Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. We calculated the Z code utilization rate at both the encounter and patient levels.We found a low rate of utilization for these Z codes (270.61 per 100,000 at the encounter level and 2.03% at the patient level). We also found that the rate of utilization for these Z codes increased (from 255.62 to 292.79 per 100,000) since the official approval of Z code reporting from all clinicians by the American Hospital Association Coding Clinic and ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting became effective in February 2018.The SDOH Z codes are rarely used by clinicians. Providing clear guidelines and incentives for documenting the Z codes can promote their use in EHRs. Improvements in the EHR systems are probably needed to better document SDOH.
Design and implementation of an integrated pipeline security system with optmized scheduling

Offshore equipment and facilities are some of the most capital intensive and strategically located assets that require millions to billions of dollars to setup. Thus, it is important to put in place a stout security and surveillance system to ultimately protect these assets from vandalisation and theft. Monitoring of intruders/ unfamiliar objects within and outside the offshore platform requires a round-the-clock observation through provided security personnel who are stationed so as to quickly respond to any threat within a safe distance in the event of any physical intrusion but this measure is fraught with some challenges. Some of these challenges include fatigue, error in human judgement, and the limited vision of humans to mention but a few. To remedy these weaknesses and ensure a robust protection, the design and implementation/ setting up of a surveillance system to detect and track real time security concerns with a much wider and effective coverage area to enable the control unit make a well informed decision appropriately is an imperative. The system presented in this paper is designed to operate in harsh (sea waves, and fog) and unprotected (extreme heat, cold precipitation) environment.