cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social judgment processes in hyperactive boys: effects of methylphenidate and comparisons with normal peers.

Although there is consensus that ADHD children have serious social problems, there is little understanding of the mechanisms underlying or accompanying such problems. To examine the possibility of atypical or faulty social reasoning, we presented ADHD and normal boys with a social perception task that entailed evaluating the behaviors of unknown peers. ADHD “judges” participated under both methylphenidate and placebo conditions, and on each occasion they evaluated an unfamiliar ADHD “target” in each medication state. In contrast to placebo, methylphenidate appeared to dampen overall response rates in ADHD judges, but there was no effect on sensitivity to medication-related differences. Regardless of their own medication state, ADHD judges identified more undesirable behaviors in peers on placebo than in those taking methylphenidate. Judges with the most serious behavior problems tended to identify the greatest number of negative behaviors in peers, especially when both judge and target were unmedicated. There were no effects of target medication status on detections of positive behaviors and few differences in detection patterns of ADHD versus normal judges. Discussion focused on the need to distinguish general regulatory from specific social-cognitive processes.
Effect of artifacts due to flowing blood on the reproducibility of phase-contrast measurements of myocardial motion

The reproducibility of myocardial motion trajectories calculated from cine phase-contrast (PC) velocity data is reduced by artifacts due to the inconsistent motion of intracardiac blood. Spatial presaturation reduces these artifacts but requires a longer sequence TR, with a potentially negative effect on trajectory accuracy and reproducibility. We investigated the effect of spatial presaturation on trajectory reproducibility. A midventricular transaxial slice was imaged in five normal volunteers. The same slice was imaged three times each with sequences using spatial presaturation or not. Because the most serious artifacts originate in the heart chambers and propagate in the phase-encoded direction, myocardial regions that were in line with the heart chambers (in the phase-encode direction) had the highest artifact level in the scans without spatial presaturation. The reproducibility of trajectories for regions placed in these areas (the anterior wall, septum and posterior wall in the transaxial scans with phase encoding in the anterior-posterior direction) improved by a factor of two when presaturation was used (P < .001). In areas that were not in line with the heart chambers (eg, the anterior aspect of the lateral wall in the transaxial scans), the effect of presaturation was not significant. These results correlate well with the measured reduction in artifact level. The reproducibility of myocardial motion trajectories over large areas of the heart is improved to approximately 1 mm when presaturation is used. Therefore, use of presaturation is recommended for myocardial motion studies using cine PC velocity data.
Wavelet analysis applied to removing non-constant, varying spectroscopic background in multivariate calibration

Multiresolution, the ability to separate signals according to frequency, is one of the main advantages offered by the wavelet transform. However, the coarsening of resolution associated with this method may be problematic in some applications. The ‘wavelet prism’ (WP) method proposed here can split the signal into different frequency components, which retain the original resolution of the signal. In conjunction with a maximum information gain criterion developed here, this new method can be used to judge and remove the low-frequency non-constant background variation reasonably and automatically. In this paper the theory and background concerning this wavelet baseline correction method are introduced. The method is successfully applied to simulated and real near-infrared (NIR) spectral data to deal with non-constant background for multivariate calibration. Its performance compares favorably with the current signal correction methods for background removal. The new method appears to be an efficient method for removal of non-constant, varying spectroscopic background, leading to a simpler and more parsimonious multivariate linear model. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domesticating the Liberated Woman: Containment Rhetorics of Second Wave Radical/Lesbian Feminism

The battle over lesbian sexuality and identity in feminism's second wave was one of its most crippling struggles. This essay discusses this battle by focusing on the rhetorics of radical/lesbian feminism between 1970 and 1975, contextualizing them within movement struggles over public identity, revolutionary vision, and media politics. Calling attention to the ways radical/lesbian feminists' woman-identified rhetoric engaged in strategies of containment, this essay describes a domestication of woman and radical/lesbian feminism itself.
Enhanced gene silencing of HIV‐1 specific siRNA using microRNA designed hairpins

Post-transcriptional inhibition of HIV-1 replication can be achieved by RNA interference (RNAi). The cellular expression of short interfering RNA (siRNA) or short hairpin RNA (shRNA) homologous to regions of the HIV-1 genome decreases viral replication by the selective degradation of targeted RNA. Here, we demonstrate that another class of noncoding regulatory RNA, termed microRNA (miRNA), can be used to deliver antiviral RNAi. By incorporating sequences encoding siRNA targeting the HIV-1 transactivator protein tat into a human miR-30 pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) backbone, we were able to express tat siRNA in cells. The tat siRNA delivered as pre-miRNA precursor was 80% more effective in reducing HIV-1 p24 antigen production than tat siRNA expressed as conventional shRNA. Our results confirm the utility of expressing HIV-1 specific siRNA through a miR-30 precursor stem-loop structure and suggest that this strategy can be used to increase the antiviral potency of RNAi.
Reflectance relations in row crop scenes

Abstract Models that relate composite reflectance to its components are useful for inferring crop growth information from measured scene reflectance. Radiation measurements in Thematic Mapper bands (TM1, TM2, TM3, and TM4) were made from cotton, soybean, sunflower and grain sorghum at three stages of growth and used to evaluate three reflectance models. Two models, AIRM1 and AIRM2, assumed that scene components contribute in an additive independent manner to composite reflectance. The third model, TRIM, assumes that radiation transmitted through the canopy interacts with bare soil in two scene components. The AIRM2 and TRIM models divide the composite reflectance into canopy, bare soil, and shadow components, but AIRM1 considers only canopy and bare soil. Ranking of models in order of decreasing accuracy for predicting composite reflectance in bands TM3 and TM4 was AIRM2, TRIM, and AIRM1. The AIRM1 and AIRM2 models estimated average TM3 reflectance at full plant cover between 1 and 4 per cent for all crop...
Vitamin B12 dependent methylmalonicaciduria: defective B12 metabolism in cultured fibroblasts.

Abstract Intact fibroblasts from children with vitamin B12 dependent methylmalonicaciduria failed to isomerize methylmalonate to succinate, and contained less than 10 percent of the normal amount of 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (B12 coenzyme) when grown in a standard culture medium. Both metabolic abnormalities disappeared, however, when a B12-supplemented growth medium was employed.These findings, plus the demonstration that methylmalonyl-CoA mutase apoenzyme activity in whole cell homogenates from these mutant lines was not impaired, indicate that B12 dependent methylmalonicaciduria is caused by a defect in the biosynthesis or metabolism of 5′-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. To our knowledge, such a defect in human vitamin metabolism has not been demonstrated previously in tissue culture.
Growth and morphology of Streptococcus bovis and of mixed rumen bacteria in the presence of aflatoxin B1, in vitro.

Abstract The metabolism of aflatoxin B 1 to other fluorescent compounds was studied in rumen organisms. No fluorescent metabolites were found by chromatographic procedures which separate aflatoxin B 1 from them. Rumen bacteria (mixed cultures and Streptococcus bovis ) incubated with aflatoxin B 1 grew in long chains whereas cells in control cultures were mainly doublets with some short chains. Growth of mixed rumen bacteria and Streptococcus bovis cultures was inhibited by aflatoxin B 1 as measured by change in optical density and by incorporation of [carbon-14] adenine into nucleic acids.
Improving Human Action Recognition Using Fusion of Depth Camera and Inertial Sensors

This paper presents a fusion approach for improving human action recognition based on two differing modality sensors consisting of a depth camera and an inertial body sensor. Computationally efficient action features are extracted from depth images provided by the depth camera and from accelerometer signals provided by the inertial body sensor. These features consist of depth motion maps and statistical signal attributes. For action recognition, both feature-level fusion and decision-level fusion are examined by using a collaborative representation classifier. In the feature-level fusion, features generated from the two differing modality sensors are merged before classification, while in the decision-level fusion, the Dempster–Shafer theory is used to combine the classification outcomes from two classifiers, each corresponding to one sensor. The introduced fusion framework is evaluated using the Berkeley multimodal human action database. The results indicate that because of the complementary aspect of the data from these sensors, the introduced fusion approaches lead to 2% to 23% recognition rate improvements depending on the action over the situations when each sensor is used individually.
Iron-containing proteins in Chromatium. II. Purification and properties of cholate-solubilized cytochrome complex.

Abstract A cytochrome complex was solubilized from the membrane fraction of Chromatium and purified by chromatography on hydroxylapatite. The purified cytochrome contained two different redox potential heme moieties: c -556 (+325 mV), and c -552.5 (+8 mV). The detergent-solubilized cytochrome was found to be identical to the membrane-bound form with respect to spectra, redox potentials, and absence of CO-binding capacity. Assuming a ratio of 1 c -556 : 2 c -552.5 in the complex, the reduced-oxidized absorption constants for the two spectral forms are: high potential cytochrome, e red-ox (556 nm) = 15.1 mM −1 and e red-ox (442 nm) = 103 mM −1 ; low potential cytochrome, e red-ox (552.5 nm) = 13.1 mM −1 and e red-ox (423.5 nm) = 89 mM −1 . The spectral and chemical properties of the cytochrome complex show that none of the buffer-soluble cytochromes can be identified with this cytochrome complex.
DNA Y Structure: A Multidimensional Single Molecule Assay

Single molecule techniques have enabled significant advancement in the understanding of biological systems. However, current optical trapping techniques allow for force, extension and torque to be measured only along the axis of applied tension. This one dimensional aspect limits studies of complex biological systems due to the difficulty of data interpretation. Next generation optical trapping assays need to expand the number of measurement dimensions to capture the behaviors of multi-component biological systems. In addition, it would be advantageous for these new assays to combine optical trapping with fluorescence. Here, we present a novel assay which utilizes a dual beam optical trap to hold a three-arm DNA construct, which we call a Y structure. This design combines all manipulation capabilities of existing optical trapping techniques and enables simultaneous stretching, unzipping, and twisting of the same piece of DNA. We have characterized the mechanical properties of the Y structure by unzipping under force and torque, and have theoretically modeled the resulting data. We have also demonstrated that this assay is compatible with fluorescence by unzipping through a fluorescently labeled DNA-bound protein and observing its subsequent fate. These features, taken together, should enable the study of more complex biological systems.
An Application of Durkheim's Theory of Suicide to Prison Suicide Rates in the United States

E. Durkheim (1897) suggested that the societal rate of suicide might be explained by societal factors, such as marriage, divorce, and birth rates. The current study examined male prison suicide rates and suicide rates for men in the total population in the United States and found that variables based on Durkheim's theory of suicide explained prison suicide rates better than suicide rates for total population. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
Ethylenediamine at air/liquid and air/silica interfaces: protonation versus hydrogen bonding investigated by sum frequency generation spectroscopy.

The adsorption process on mineral oxide surfaces is one of the most important factors influencing the migration and distribution of contaminants in the environment. Although there have been numerous studies carried out at the macroscopic scale, there is a lack of molecular-scale interfacial information. The molecular-scale information is often crucial for the determination of sorption mechanisms. In this study, sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG), a surface specific vibrational spectroscopy, has been employed to investigate the adsorption of ethylenediamine (H2N(CH2)2NH2, EDA) onto the amorphous SiO2 surface and EDA protonated products at air/liquid interfaces. The SFG spectra of EDA adsorbed on the silica surface and the singly protonated EDA solution are similar in both CH and NH stretching regions. These spectral similarities indicate that EDA molecules are strongly chemisorbed to the silica surface through the protonation of one EDA amine group by surface silanol OH groups, thereby forming a (...
Theta Dependence in the Large N Limit of Four-Dimensional Gauge Theories

The $\ensuremath{\theta}$ dependence of pure gauge theories in four dimensions can be studied using a duality of large $N$ gauge theories with string theory on a certain spacetime. Via this duality, one can argue that for every $\ensuremath{\theta}$, there are infinitely many vacua that are stable in the large $N$ limit. The true vacuum, found by minimizing the energy in this family, is a smooth function of $\ensuremath{\theta}$ except at $\ensuremath{\theta}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\pi}$ where it jumps. This jump is associated with spontaneous breaking of $\mathrm{CP}$ symmetry. Domain walls separating adjacent vacua are described in terms of wrapped six-branes.
Attack resistant cache replacement for survivable services

Many distributed services are susceptible to attacks by malicious clients that can significantly degrade their performance. Scalable distributed services make use of a variety of techniques which are vulnerable to such attacks. We explore the survivability of services when attacks target the scalability techniques employed by the services. In particular, we explore how the effectiveness of caching can be degraded when malicious clients manipulate cache management algorithms. We present an attack resistant replacement algorithm and show that it is much more effective in dealing with attacks compared to other widely deployed replacement algorithms.
Mesospheric doppler wind measurements from Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS)

Abstract This paper describes a microwave limb technique for measuring Doppler wind in the Earth’s mesosphere. The research algorithm has been applied to Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) 118.75 GHz measurements where the O 2 Zeeman lines are resolved by a digital autocorrelation spectrometer. A precision of ∼17 m/s for the line-of-sight (LOS) wind is achieved at 80–92 km, which corresponds to radiometric noise during 1/6 s integration time. The LOS winds from Aura MLS are mostly in the meridional direction at low- and mid-latitudes with vertical resolution of ∼8 km. This microwave Doppler technique has potential to obtain useful winds down to ∼40 km of the Earth’s atmosphere if measurements from other MLS frequencies (near H 2 O, O 3 , and CO lines) are used. Initial analyses show that the MLS winds from the 118.75 GHz measurements agree well with the TIDI (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Doppler Interferometer) winds for the perturbations induced by a strong quasi 2-day wave (QTDW) in January 2005. Time series of MLS winds reveal many interesting climatological and planetary wave features, including the diurnal, semidiurnal tides, and the QTDW. Interactions between the tides and the QTDW are clearly evident, indicating possible large tidal structural changes after the QTDW events dissipate.
Submesoscale air‐sea interactions studied

Submesoscale air-sea interactions was the topic of the 24th Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, held May 4 to 8, 1992, at the University of Liege, Belgium. The topic was chosen because physical processes at and near the ocean surface are fundamentally dependent on submesoscale interactions due to the intrinsically small-scale nature of interfacial processes such as surface gravity waves. The scales of motions extend from those on which turbulent energy is dissipated to those associated with the depth of the mixed layers, namely the lower kilometer in the atmosphere and the upper 100 m of the ocean. These scales are typically smaller than those associated with the “synoptic” motions either in the atmosphere or the ocean. An understanding of the momentum, heat, and mass fluxes necessitates simultaneous consideration of the atmospheric, oceanic, and surface processes as a coupled system. This interesting and difficult area has been the subject of increasing levels of research, including many field experiments that are listed in Table 1.
Generalization of cocaine to the isomers of 3,4‐Methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3,4‐methylenedioxyamethamphetamine: Effects of training dose

MDA and MDMA are popular recreational drugs which have considerable abuse potential and may be neurotoxic. Because these compounds have sometimes been reported to have behavioral effects that resemble those of d-amphetamine, the stimulus properties of all of the enantiomers of both MDA and MDMA were analyzed in animals trained to discriminate another abused stimulant, cocaine, from saline. Since the extent of generalization of any drug depends on training dose, separate groups of rats were trained to detect 3.5, 10.0, or 20.0 mg/kg of this compound. The results indicate that all of these doses of cocaine maintain discrimination behavior reliably and consistently and that the three cues are qualitatively similar. Among all the individual enantiomers of MDA and MDMA, only d-MDA mimicked cocaine; however, this effect occurred consistently only in the group trained to detect the lowest dose (3.5 mg/kg).
Rank-based multisensory fusion in multitarget video tracking

An attractive approach to improve tracking performance for visual surveillance is to use information from multiple visual sensory cues such as position, color, shape, etc. Previous work in fusion for tracking has tended to focus on fusion by numerically combining the scores assigned by each cue. We argue that for video scenes with many targets in a crowded situation, the splitting and merging of regions associated with targets, and the subsequent dramatic changes in cue values and reliabilities, renders this form of fusion less effective. In this paper we present experimental results showing that use of cue rank information in fusion produces a significantly better tracking result in crowded scenes. We also present a formalization of this fusion problem as a step in understanding why this effect occurs and how to build a tracking system that exploits it.
CMIP5 Model Intercomparison of Freshwater Budget and Circulation in the North Atlantic

The subpolar North Atlantic is a center of variability of ocean properties, wind stress curl, and air‐sea exchanges. Observations and hindcast simulations suggest that from the early 1970s to the mid-1990s the subpolar gyre became fresher while the gyre and meridional circulations intensified. This is opposite to the relationship of freshening causing a weakened circulation, most often reproduced by climate models. The authors hypothesize that both these configurations exist but dominate on different time scales: a fresher subpolar gyre when the circulation is more intense, at interannual frequencies (configuration A), and a saltier subpolargyrewhenthecirculationismoreintense,atlongerperiods(configurationB).Ratherthangoinginto the detail of the mechanisms sustaining each configuration, the authors’ objective is to identify which configuration dominates and to test whether this depends on frequency, in preindustrial control runs of five climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). To this end, the authors have developed a novel intercomparison method that enables analysis of freshwater budget and circulation changes in a physical perspective that overcomes model specificities. Lag correlations and a crossspectral analysis between freshwater content changes and circulation indices validate the authors’ hypothesis, as configuration A is only visible at interannual frequencies while configuration B is mostly visible at decadal and longer periods, suggesting that the driving role of salinity on the circulation depends on frequency. Overall, this analysis underscores the large differences among state-of-the-art climate models in their representations of the North Atlantic freshwater budget.
Hyperthyroidism in Patients with Down's Syndrome

From the Children’s Mercy Hospital, The University of Missouri, Kansas City School of Medicine, 24th at Gillham Road, Kansas City, Missouri 64108. Received for publication December 1, 1978; revised January, 1979 and accepted February 8, 1979. THYROID DYSFUNCTION in patients with I~o~vn’s syndrome has attracted the attention of investigators for many years. Although the majority of children with Down’s syndrome, appear to have normal thyroid function, hypoand hyperthyroidism, as we!! as demon-
Modulation of inflammation and cytokine production by dietary (n-3) fatty acids

The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, is pivotal in the response to infection. However, overproduction of these cytokines might be detrimental. It has been suggested that (n-3) fatty acids suppress inflammation and ameliorate the course of infection by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We here, review these effects. Use of (n-3) fatty acids induced moderate clinical improvements in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and colitis, but not in systemic lupus erythematosus. Data on critically ill burn or postoperative cancer patients are still inconclusive. The (n-3) fatty acids markedly inhibited sterile inflammation in animal studies and improved survival in some experimental infections. T cell responses decreased in healthy volunteers but remained unchanged or increased in certain patient groups. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased in most human studies. The (n-3) fatty acids increased cytokine production capacity in mice. Differences in cytokine-producing cell types studied may account for these paradoxical responses in humans and mice. Although the increased cytokine production in mice is partly mediated by effects on prostaglandins, mechanisms of action in other species remain to be elucidated. The (n-3) fatty acids may be of moderate benefit in some chronic inflammatory diseases. Their therapeutic value and possible hazards in critically ill patients remain to be established.
Validity issues in the use of social network analysis with digital trace data

There is an exciting natural match between social network analysis methods and the growth of data sources produced by social interactions via information technologies, from online communities to corporate information systems. Information Systems researchers have not been slow to embrace this combination of method and data. Such systems increasingly provide “digital trace data” that provide new research opportunities. Yet digital trace data are substantively different from the survey and interview data for which network analysis measures and interpretations were originally developed. This paper examines 10 validity issues associated with the combination of digital trace data and social network analysis methods, with examples from the IS literature, to provide recommendations for improving the validity of future research.
Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed Cobalt Ferrite Coatings for Magnetostrictive Sensor Applications

Cobalt ferrite powder was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation followed by a heat treatment at 1100 degC for 10 h, and was subsequently deposited onto titanium and alumina substrates using atmospheric plasma spraying technique. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the as-deposited coating consists of spinel and wustite phase. The hysteresis loop measurements show that the coating has a relatively low saturation magnetization and a coercivity of 1 270 Oe for in-plane direction. Magnetostriction of the as-deposited coating at ambient temperature is -73times10-6 with an applied magnetic field of 4 530 Oe
Heliotropism in Modern Stromatolites

Modern microbial mats and stromatolites exhibiting a preferred orientation toward specular sunlight were found at two sites. In Hamelin Pool of Shark Bay, Western Australia, subtidal decimeter-sized columns and intertidal centimeter-sized tufts were found pointing north. In thermal spring effluents and pools of Yellowstone National Park, mats were found with columnar and conical centimeter-sized structures inclined to the south. These examples of heliotropism in modern stromatolites are each built by a different community of photosynthetic microbes under markedly different environmental conditions. These new observations support the proposal that stromatolites can orient themselves toward the sun.
Expressed sequence tag analysis of adult human optic nerve for NEIBank: Identification of cell type and tissue markers

The optic nerve is a pure white matter central nervous system (CNS) tract with an isolated blood supply, and is widely used in physiological studies of white matter response to various insults. We examined the gene expression profile of human optic nerve (ON) and, through the NEIBANK online resource, to provide a resource of sequenced verified cDNA clones. An un-normalized cDNA library was constructed from pooled human ON tissues and was used in expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. Location of an abundant oligodendrocyte marker was examined by immunofluorescence. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western analysis were used to compare levels of expression for key calcium channel protein genes and protein product in primate and rodent ON. Our analyses revealed a profile similar in many respects to other white matter related tissues, but significantly different from previously available ON cDNA libraries. The previous libraries were found to include specific markers for other eye tissues, suggesting contamination. Immune/inflammatory markers were abundant in the new ON library. The oligodendrocyte marker QKI was abundant at the EST level. Immunofluorescence revealed that this protein is a useful oligodendrocyte cell-type marker in rodent and primate ONs. L-type calcium channel EST abundance was found to be particularly low. A qRT-PCR-based comparative mammalian species analysis reveals that L-type calcium channel expression levels are significantly lower in primate than in rodent ON, which may help account for the class-specific difference in responsiveness to calcium channel blocking agents. Several known eye disease genes are abundantly expressed in ON. Many genes associated with normal axonal function, mRNAs associated with axonal transport, inflammation and neuroprotection are observed. We conclude that the new cDNA library is a faithful representation of human ON and EST data provide an initial overview of gene expression patterns in this tissue. The data provide clues for tissue-specific and species-specific properties of human ON that will help in design of therapeutic models.
Two loop renormalization group equations for soft supersymmetry breaking couplings

We compute the two-loop renormalization group equations for all soft supersymmetry-breaking couplings in a general softly broken N=1 supersymmetric model. We also specialize these results to the minimal supersymmetric standard model.
Current Options in the Management of Olanzapine-Associated Weight Gain

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate options for the management of weight gain associated with olanzapine therapy.DATA SOURCES:MEDLINE (1966–May 2004), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–August 2003), The Cochrane Library, and EMBASE (1974–August 2003) databases were searched using the key words antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, olanzapine, and weight gain. Bibliographies of cited articles were reviewed.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:All articles identified from the data sources were evaluated and all information deemed relevant was included for this review.DATA SYNTHESIS:Weight gain is a common adverse effect of olanzapine, a member of the atypical antipsychotic class. Data are limited supporting a specific therapeutic approach to the management of weight gain with olanzapine treatment. Reversal of weight gain with lifestyle modifications and adjunctive pharmacologic therapies such as nizatidine and amantadine has been modest. Experience with adjunctive pharmacologic treatment has been limited to ...
The interpretation of Rome III criteria and method of assessment affect the irritable bowel syndrome classification of children

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33: 403–411 Summary Background Paediatric classification of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is complicated by the potential discrepancy between parent and child report and by the interpretation of pain-stool relations in the Rome III classification system. Aim To compare IBS classification by diary and by child and parent respondents. Methods Children (ages 7–10 years, n = 90) with recurrent abdominal pain and their parents completed IBS symptom questionnaires and 2-week pain and stool diaries. Diaries were coded with two algorithms, one defining stool changes individually and one defining changes normatively. Proportions of dichotomous classifications (IBS vs. not IBS) between pairs of classification methods/respondents were evaluated using Chi-squared tests (χ2) to determine whether coding methods were significantly related, the degree of inclusiveness, and whether differences in classification were randomly distributed. Results Individual and normative diary classifications were congruent in 62% of cases, but the individual method classified more children with IBS, 53% vs. 18%. Parent and child questionnaire reports were not correlated. The normative diary classifications and parent questionnaire were the most congruent pair of methods (76% of cases). Conclusions Poor congruence among methods suggests that Rome III IBS criteria need better specification, and efforts to improve parent-child agreement are necessary.
Übungen zu den beiden vorhergehenden Paragraphen

Setze in den Formeln (1) bis (5) des § 12 fur α und β irgend zwei Winkel und prufe die Richtigkeit durch Ausrechnen. Ist z. B.
The Breeding System of the Acorn Woodpecker in Central Coastal California

and Summary The breeding system of the acorn woodpecker in California is detailed, and evidence supporting the occurrence of both cooperative polygamy (polygynandry) and nonbreeding by group offspring still living in their natal territory (helping) is presented. Both these phenomena occur independently and often simultaneously within the population. Although groups almost invariably consist of close relatives, incest is avoided, apparently by the recognition of close relatives. However, 10 cases of known or probable inbreeding have been recorded, resulting both from philopatry and from breakdowns in the usual pattern of incest avoidance. The latter appears to occur when the cost of attracting an unrelated mate is unusually high; the overall extent and significance of inbreeding in the acorn woodpecker remain to be determined. Zusammenfassung Eichelspechte leben in Gruppen, die aus einem “Bruterzentrum” (bis zu 4 Mannchen und 2 Weibchen) bestehen und den nichtbrutenden Helfern; das sind bis zu 10 Nachkommen beiderlei Geschlechts aus mehreren Vorjahresbruten der Gruppe. Brutgruppen entstehen, indem sich eine Gruppe von Schwestern und eine Gruppe ihnen verwandtschaftlich nicht nahestehender Bruder zusammenschliesen. Hinzu kommen dann Zuwanderer und die eigenen Nachkommen. Diese bruten in der Familie nicht, es sei denn ein andersgeschlechtiger Elter stirbt und wird durch einen Fremden ersetzt. In diesem Falle konnen Nachkommen bruten, obwohl ihr gleichgeschlechtiger Elter noch in der Gruppe ist. Sterben alle Bruter eines Geschlechts, wandern andere Individuen dieses Geschlechts ein; Zuwanderer gibt es aber auch zusatzlich. Zuwanderer sind 1. Geschwister von Brutern, 2. Gruppennachkommen, die nach einem erfolglosen Brutversuch auserhalb wieder daheim Heifer werden, 3. Gruppennachkommen, die kein Auswanderergluck hatten und im heimatlichen Revier bruten, nachdem ihr andersgeschlechtiger Elter starb. Als Folge dieser Brut-Ordnung wird Inzest weitgehend vermieden, offenbar zum Teil durch Verwandtschaftserkennen. Dennoch sind 10 Falle von Inzucht beschrieben; 5 davon nach einem Zusammenbruch des Verwandtschaftserkennens, 5 aus Ortstreue. Inzucht scheint aufzutreten, wenn die Kosten fur das Anwerben eines unverwandten Partners ungewohnlich hoch sind. Wie haufig das vorkommt und welche Folgen es fur das Sozialverhalten hat, bleibt zu untersuchen.
Compensation for gradient-based adaptive observers

A method of compensating adaptive observers for actuator noise is proposed. The main idea of the method is to filter the output error and use this filtered signal to adjust the state and parameter estimates of the observer. The error filter can be any system which satisfies certain very general criteria. A simulation is presented in which errors resulting from a sinusoidal input disturbance are negated by filtering the output error with a notch filter.
Predictors of 30-day postoperative stroke or death after carotid endarterectomy using the 2012 carotid endarterectomy-targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.

Objective This study used a recently released procedure-targeted multicenter data source to determine independent predictors of postoperative stroke or death in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for carotid artery stenosis. Methods The 2012 CEA-targeted American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was used for this study. Patient, disease, and procedure characteristics of patients undergoing CEA were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent risk factors for 30-day postoperative stroke/death or other major complications. Results The analysis included 3845 patients undergoing CEA (58.1% with asymptomatic and 41.9% with symptomatic carotid disease). The overall 30-day postoperative stroke/death rate was 3.0% (1.9% in asymptomatic patients, 4.6% in symptomatic patients). The variables that maintained an independent association with postoperative stroke/death after adjustment for other known patient-related and procedure-related factors were age ≥80 years, active smoking, contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis of 80% to 99%, emergency procedure status, preoperative stroke, presence of one or more ACS NSQIP-defined high-risk characteristics (including any or all of New York Heart Association class III/IV congestive heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction Conclusions After adjustment for a comprehensive array of patient-related and procedure-related variables of particular import to patients with carotid artery stenosis, we have identified several factors that are independently associated with early stroke or death after CEA. These factors are generally related to the comorbid condition of CEA patients and to specific characteristics of their carotid disease, and not to technical features of the CEA procedure. Knowledge of these factors will assist surgeons in selecting appropriate patients for this procedure.
Device aging-based physically unclonable functions

To improve resiliency against reverse engineering we propose dynamic physically unclonable functions (DPUFs) whose physical properties are subject to unpredictable changes between uses. We demonstrate this idea using device aging to alter delay characteristics according to user instructions.
Personality Differences between Nonswimmers and Swimmers

Abstract The investigation was made to determine whether there are personality differences between male college freshman swimmers and nonswimmers and to determine the relationship between personality traits and swimming progress among nonswimmers experiencing a common course of instruction in swimming. Subjects were compared on the basis of swimming performances, personality tests, biographical data forms, and interviews with subjects who failed to learn how to swim. Comparisons revealed significant differences between swimmers and nonswimmers and between learners and nonlearners. The data indicated a need to investigate methods of teaching fearful nonswimmers based on indications of pertinent personality traits, fears, and experiences in the water.
Early Care And Education: Our Social Experiment

Today children in the United States are living a social experiment with unknown consequences. According to a report by Carnegie Corporation (2002), 72% of infants and toddlers spend more than 35 hours per week in care outside of their homes. An estimated 10 million children under the age of 4 are cared for by people other than their parents (Shore, 2002); a number that is higher than any other time in our history. The importance of this social experiment is exacerbated by the number of substandard childcare programs in our country (Bergmann & Helburn, 2002). Recent neurobiological research has provided a wealth of data that supports the need for high quality programs. The correlation between sensitivity periods of neural development, neural plasticity, neural chemical reactivity, and early experiences are critical issues that demand that early childhood educators collectively evaluate the programs children "live" in (Diamond, 1998). The current knowledge base in the development of young brains has provided the opportunity to influence the outcome of our social experiment
Optical Directional Couplers

The optical directional coupler, analogous to the microwave element1 of the same name, consists of parallel channel optical waveguides sufficiently closely spaced that energy is transferred from one to another. For this coupling to take place cumulatively over a substantial length, the light must propagate with the same phase velocity in each channel. The fraction of the power coupled per unit length is determined by the overlap of the modes in the separate channels. Thus, it depends on the separation of the guides, the mode penetration into the substrate, and the interaction length. Figure 1 is an example of a multichannel directional coupler. It shows a diagram of a large number of coupled waveguides (produced by proton implantation) and typical intensity profiles of the guided light. The incident light is focused into a single channel at z = 0, but is coupled into the adjacent guides as it propagates.
Ambiguous Genitalia: Evaluation and Management in the Newborn

Infants born with ambiguous genitalia pose challenges to medical providers and can cause parental anxiety and distress. Disorders of sexual development (DSD) are classified into 3 major categories (46,XY DSD, 46,XX DSD, and sex chromosome DSD). A thorough history, physical examination, and appropriate diagnostic testing are needed to identify the underlying etiology. An understanding of normal sexual development can help clinicians tailor their initial diagnostic evaluation for an infant with ambiguous genitalia. The involvement of a multidisciplinary team that is experienced in DSD is essential. Sex assignment should be made only after all diagnostic evaluations have been considered; families should be an integral part of the decision-making process.
Avoidant Paruresis An Exploratory Study

Information was gathered on the prevalence, correlates, and development of avoidant paruresis in males, the inability to urinate in the presence of others. Prevalence was found to be 6.8% based on ...
Enthalpies of Solution of BeO(c) in HF(aq) and in HCl(aq).

An adiabatic solution calorimeter was used to measure the enthalpies of the following reactions: BeO(c)+[96 HF+338 H2O](l)→[BeF2+94 HF+339 H2O](l)ΔH at 298.15 K=-101.30±0.20 kJ⋅mol-1BeO(c)+[48 HCL+333 H2O](l)→[BeCL2+46 HCl+333 H2O](l)ΔH at 352.58 K=-54.19±0.22 kJ⋅mol-1ΔH at 298.15 K=-53.0±2.0 kJ⋅mol-1ΔCp is 12.5±2.8 J⋅mol-1⋅K-1 for the first reaction in the range 298 to 325 K..
When kissing (disease) counts

In this issue of Blood, Kanakry et al analyzed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA expression in peripheral blood cellular compartments from 2146 patients with various malignancies and found that cell-free plasma EBV DNA was a better marker of EBV+ disease than EBV DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).1
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION ON METHOD OF CORE COMPETENCES OF IRON AND STEEL CORPORATIONS

Based on basic theory of corporation's core competence,the meaning and essential characteristics of core competence of iron and steel enterprises are analysed.In addition,using the method of fuzzy multilevel comprehensive evaluation,a quantitative model that assesses the core competence of iron and steel enterprises has been constructed.
Study on subtypes of HIV-1 from non-native married female in Taian city

Objective:To analyze subtypes of HIV-1 from non-native married femal in Taian city.Method: Sequences of gag and env of provirus DNA were amplified by nested-PCR.5 gag and env gene sequences thus obtained were analyzed by BioEdit and MEGA 4.1 soft wares.Results: The subtypes has been successfully obtained from 5 samples that were consitituted of 3 subtypes: CRF01-AE(3 samples),CRF07-BC(1 sample) CRF08-BC(1 sample).Conclusion: CRF01-AE is the main subtype of HIV-1 from non-native married femal in Taian city.
Investigation of engineered bacterial adhesins for opportunity to interface cells with abiotic materials

The convenience of cellular genetic engineering has afforded the power to build ‘smart’ synthetic biological tools with novel applications. Here, we have explored opportunities to hybridize engineered cells with inorganic materials toward the development of 'living' device-compatible systems. Cellular structural biology is engineerable based on the ability to rewrite genetic code to generate recombinant, foreign, or even unnatural proteins. With this capability on the biological end, it should be possible to achieve superior abio-compatibility with the inorganic materials that compose current microfabricated technology. This work investigated the hair-like appendages of Escherichia coli known as Type 1 fimbriae that enable natural adhesion to glycosylated substrates. Sequence alterations within the fimbrial gene cluster were found to be well-tolerated, evidenced by tagging the fimbriae with peptide-based probes. As a further development, fimbriae tips could be reconfigured to, in turn, alter cell binding. In particular, the fimbriae were fused with a genetically optimized peptide-for-inorganics to enable metal binding. This work established methodologies to systematically survey cell adhesion properties across a suite of fimbriae-modified cell types as well as to direct patterned cell adhesion. Cell types were further customized for added complexity including turning on secondary gene expression and binding to gold surfaces. The former demonstrates potential for programmable gene switches and the latter for interfacing biology with inorganic materials. In general, the incorporation of 'programmed' cells into devices can be used to provide the feature of dynamic and automated cell response. The outcomes of this study are foundational toward the critical feature of deliberate positioning of cells as configurable biocomponentry. Overall, cellular integration into bioMEMs will yield advanced sensing and actuation.
Selectivity of Terahertz Gas-Phase Spectroscopy.

Analytical potential of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is assessed by comparing selectivity for a set of eight environmentally important gases over THz and infrared (IR) optical frequencies. Selectivity coefficients are determined over selected spectral regions for acetaldehyde, acetonitrile, ethanol, water, methanol, ammonia, propionaldehyde, and propionitrile. These selectivity coefficients quantify the magnitude of the net analyte signal for each test compound relative to the other seven. In addition to the THz spectral range (2–125 cm–1), selectivity coefficients are determined for the following IR regions 600–1300, 1300–2000, 2600–3100, 3100–4000, and 4000–6500 cm–1. Highest selectivity is afforded over the THz frequencies for six of the eight test compounds and THz selectivity coefficients for the other two gases (water and acetonitrile) are acceptable for environmental measurements.
Transient Diffusion in Triangular Cylinders

A heated triangular cylinder is suddenly cooled in a constant temperature bath. The transient heat conduction problem is transformed to the Helmholtz equation related to the vibration of membranes. Using the membrane analogy, exact analytic solutions for the transient heat conduction problem for three triangular cross sections are found.
A qualitative exploratory study of injection drug users' participation in a long-term epidemiological study of HIV

An exploratory study was conducted with 15 current or former injecting drug users to gain an understanding of the motivations for and reactions to participating in ALIVE (AIDS Link to Intravenous Experiences), a longitudinal natural history study of HIV among urban drug users in Baltimore, Maryland. Semistructured qualitative interviews explored participants' perceptions of ALIVE and of its benefits and the factors that might influence accuracy of self-report. Participants described benefiting from the study in many tangible and intangible ways. ALIVE was the sole source of health care for many, as only a third of the participants had health insurance. Participants' biggest challenge in the ALIVE survey were questions related to sexuality, which were perceived as too personal or elicited shame. Results indicate the importance of qualitative research in understanding how and why people are motivated to participate in epidemiological studies and how these perceptions might relate to their responses in survey research.