cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automatic lumen segmentation in CT and PC-MR images of abdominal aortic aneurysm

Vascular segmentation through the use of image processing tools provides significant information that allows for the accurate diagnosis, categorization, registration, and visualization of vascular disease. Currently, in the assessment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA), radiologists manually segment different regions on interest on each medical image to create a full volume of the abdominal aorta. Such manual segmentation is a time consuming task, prone to errors and a subjective approach especially when non-contrast enhanced images are present. In this paper, we introduce an automatic system to segment the aortic lumen in non-contrast enhanced CT scans and PC-MR images using digital image processing algorithms where image enhancement, denoising, edge detection, and regional growing algorithms are utilized. The output of this work forms the basis for a future reliable inner and outer wall segmentation of the AAA.
Can Anyone Have it All? Gendered Views on Parenting and Academic Careers

This article is based on data from two qualitative studies that examined the experiences of 93 tenure-line faculty members who are also mothers and fathers. Using gender schemas and ideal worker norms as a guide, we examined the pressures that professors experience amid unrealistic expectations in their work and home lives. Women participants reported performing a disproportionate amount of care in the home while simultaneously feeling unable to take advantage of family-friendly policies. In contrast, men acknowledged that, although their partners performed more care in the home, they felt penalized for wanting to be involved parents.
Increases in nocturnal bruxism among college students implicate stress

Abstract While the etiology of nocturnal bruxism is unknown, three major categories of theories have been advanced to explain its cause(s), i.e., local-mechanical theories, psychological theories and systemic/neurophysiological theories. The recent report of a four-fold increase in the incidence of self-reported nocturnal bruxism in college students over the last 23 — year period emphasizes the role that psychological variables may play in the development of this disorder and it is suggested that the personality traits which contribute to stress management are primary among these.
Selective effects of thermal injury on mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Normal mice or mice burned 6 days previously were injected intraperitoneally with either saline or 50 μg of concanavalin A. Four days after the injection the peritoneal macrophages were collected and examined in vitro. Macrophages from concanavalin A-injected mice appeared activated because several in vitro parameters of activity were increased. Examination of macrophages from burned animals revealed a selective depression of macrophage activity.
SPORE GERMINATION AND GERM TUBE GROWTH OF A VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS IN VITRO1

The effects of mineral nutrients, thiamine, pH, and organic substrates on germination and germ tube growth of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus were examined. Surfacesterilized azygospores of Gigaspora margarita were plated on 1% water agar containing different components and incubated at 28 C up to 30 da. Maximum germination and germ tube growth occurred when 20 mg 1-1 CaH2PO4 was used, whereas 24 mg 1-~ NH4NO3 did not affect germination and depressed germ tube growth by 55%. Potassium or concentrations of soluble nutrient salts as high as those used to grow seedlings axenically had no effect on spore germination or germ tube growth. Thiamine at 0.1 mg 1-1 increased germination, and maximum germ tube growth occurred at 0.01 mg 1-1. The interaction between medium pH and medium composition was significant. Spore germination was not enhanced by any of the organic substrates. Low concentrations (4 g 1-1) of sucrose favored germ tube growth. Relation of these results to nutrition and root-colonizing ability of VA mycorrhizal spores is discussed.
Air-Borne Dispersal of Larvae of the Gypsy Moth and Its Influence on Concepts of Control

Porthetria dispar (L.) disperses as an air-borne stadium I larva. A field study of dispersal from a dense population indicates that dispersal occurs throughout most of the duration of stadium I. Records taken at regular intervals during the day show that most dispersal occurs in late morning and closely coincides with activity of larvae. During the night, at low temperatures, or in periods of rain, larvae are inactive and few are dislodged even by strong winds. The long duration of hatch makes it difficult to prevent dispersal and get sufficient kill by a single application of a short-residual insecticide. Population management to maintain gypsy moth populations at densities too sparse to induce dispersal is suggested as an alternative method of control.
A Procedure for Determining Poultry House Ventilation

Abstract Simplifying assumptions have been made which permit relating climatic conditions to specific atmospheric humidity so that routine determination of ventilation rates for broiler chicken houses can be made. A simple computer program, suitable for use on inexpensive computers, is described.
Integrative review of clinical decision support for registered nurses in acute care settings

Objective : To report on the state of the science of clinical decision support (CDS) for hospital bedside nurses. Materials and Methods : We performed an integrative review of qualitative and quantitative peer-reviewed original research studies using a structured search of PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Applied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore Digital Library). We included articles that reported on CDS targeting bedside nurses and excluded in stages based on rules for titles, abstracts, and full articles. We extracted research design and methods, CDS purpose, electronic health record integration, usability, and process and patient outcomes. Results : Our search yielded 3157 articles. After removing duplicates and applying exclusion rules, 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were single-site, descriptive or qualitative (43%) or quasi-experimental (36%). There was only 1 randomized controlled trial. The purpose of most CDS was to support diagnostic decision-making (36%), guideline adherence (32%), medication management (29%), and situational awareness (25%). All the studies that included process outcomes (7) and usability outcomes (4) and also had analytic procedures to detect changes in outcomes demonstrated statistically significant improvements. Three of 4 studies that included patient outcomes and also had analytic procedures to detect change showed statistically significant improvements. No negative effects of CDS were found on process, usability, or patient outcomes. Discussion and Conclusions : Clinical support systems targeting bedside nurses have positive effects on outcomes and hold promise for improving care quality; however, this research is lagging behind studies of CDS targeting medical decision-making in both volume and level of evidence.
Relationship between self‐reported and objectively measured physical activity and subjective memory impairment in breast cancer survivors: role of self‐efficacy, fatigue and distress

Purpose Many breast cancer survivors report cancer and cancer treatment-associated cognitive change. However, very little is known about the relationship between physical activity and subjective memory impairment (SMI) in this population. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between physical activity and SMI and longitudinally test a model examining the role of self-efficacy, fatigue and distress as potential mediators. Methods Post-treatment breast cancer survivors (N = 1477) completed measures of physical activity, self-efficacy, distress (depression, concerns about recurrence, perceived stress, anxiety), fatigue and SMI at baseline and 6-month follow-up. A subsample (n = 362) was randomly selected to wear an accelerometer. It was hypothesized that physical activity indirectly influences SMI via exercise self-efficacy, distress and fatigue. Relationships were examined using panel analysis within a covariance modeling framework. Results The hypothesized model provided a good fit in the full sample (χ2 = 1462.5, df = 469, p = <0.001; CFI = 0.96; SRMR = 0.04) and the accelerometer subsample (χ2 = 961.8, df = 535, p = <0.001, CFI = 0.94, SRMR = 0.05) indicating increased physical activity is indirectly associated with reduction in SMI across time, via increased exercise self-efficacy and reduced distress and fatigue. Conclusions Higher levels of physical activity, lower levels of fatigue and distress and higher exercise self-efficacy may play an important role in understanding SMI in breast cancer survivors across time. Future research is warranted to replicate and explore these relationships further. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence of WISE-selected obscured AGNs in major mergers and interactions from the SDSS

We use the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to confirm a connection between dust-obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and galaxy merging. Using a new, volume-limited (z <= 0.08) catalog of visually-selected major mergers and galaxy-galaxy interactions from the SDSS, with stellar masses above 2x10^10 Msun, we find that major mergers (interactions) are 5-17 (3-5) times more likely to have red [3.4]-[4.6] colors associated with dust-obscured or `dusty' AGNs, compared to non-merging galaxies with similar masses. Using published fiber spectral diagnostics, we map the [3.4]-[4.6] versus [4.6]-[12] colors of different emission-line galaxies and find one-quarter of Seyferts have colors indicative of a dusty AGN. We find that AGNs are five times more likely to be obscured when hosted by a merging galaxy, half of AGNs hosted by a merger are dusty, and we find no enhanced frequency of optical AGNs in merging over non-merging galaxies. We conclude that undetected AGNs missed at shorter wavelengths are at the heart of the ongoing AGN-merger connection debate. The vast majority of mergers hosting dusty AGNs are star-forming and located at the centers of Mhalo<10^13 Msun groups. Assuming plausibly short duration dusty-AGN phases, we speculate that a large fraction of gas-rich mergers experience a brief obscured AGN phase, in agreement with the strong connection between central star formation and black hole growth seen in merger simulations.
Local choroidal blood flow in the cat by laser Doppler flowmetry.

Purpose. To develop a procedure using a noninvasive technique that will allow the investigation of choroidal blood flow (ChBF) regulation in discrete regions of the cat eye. Validation of this procedure will provide a method to study intrinsic, neural, and pharmacologic factors that regulate regional ChBF. Methods. The technique to measure ChBF is based on laser Doppler flowmetry. However, in contrast to conventional laser Doppler flowmetry, which uses fiber-optic probes in direct contact with the tissue to deliver the laser beam and detect the scattered light, with this technique the beam is delivered through a fundus camera and the scattered light is detected in the retinal image plane of the camera. Measurements were made in 34 anesthetized cats under conditions that would ensure that the flow measured represented ChBF in the choriocapillaris: the laser beam was aimed at retinal intervascular sites in the tapetal region of the fundus; the Doppler shift power spectrum of the light scattered by the red blood cells had the shape and frequency range typical for a microvascular bed; and the recorded flow did not decrease by more than 5% when the cat was given 100% O2 to breathe for 4 minutes. The responses to various physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli were tested and compared with those obtained from retinal vessels. Results. Intravenous infusions of acetylcholine increased ChBF in a dose-response fashion, whereas sympathetic nerve stimulation at various frequencies decreased ChBF as predicted by previous studies. By comparison, retinal blood flow was negligibly affected by these two stimuli. In contrast to retinal blood flow, ChBF was unaffected by diffuse luminance flicker. ChBF was found to be pulsatile. The mean of the pulsatile component of ChBF represented approximately 34% of mean ChBF, a value similar to those derived from ChBF measurements in minipigs and retinal blood flow in the cat. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that laser Doppler flowmetry is a valid technique for obtaining local, noninvasive, and continuous recordings of relative ChBF. Tested under steady-state conditions for blood pressure, heart rate, and acid-base balance, ChBF is stable for long periods of time, allowing the investigation of the effect of various physiologic stimuli and pharmacologic agents on this flow. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:608-618.
Reflections on the Sociology of Civilizations

are only in the beginning of empirical investigation and the concomitant conceptual clarification of this notion. The very terminology, however, has the advantage of sensitizing us to the fact that models of this kind are cultural objects, diffusable and learnable and capable of being studied in their own right. I conclude this note in the hope that it does illustrate some strategically important ways in which the focus on inter-civilizational encounters calls for new concept formation in sociology which simultaneously integrates microsociological analyses and their yield into the emergent body of knowledge of broad patterns of historical development.
The Russian Military-Industrial Sector and Conversion

A retired senior CIA analyst assesses developments in conversion from military-related to civilian production in Russia's military-industrial sector over the period 1992-1994. Topics covered includ...
The Biogenesis of the Eukaryotic Proteasome

Proteasomes are at the heart of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and are responsible for the degradation of the majority of intracellular proteins in eukaryotes. Consequently, proteasome activity impacts all cellular processes. Recent structural advances have provided the most informative view yet of the architecture of the proteasome, enriching our already detailed knowledge of its function. An interesting question, which continues to draw much experimental attention, is how these large molecular machines are put together in the first place. Over the last decade, the picture that has emerged is that of an ordered, efficient, and highly regulated process. Assembly of the proteasome is dependent upon intrinsic structural features distributed among the ~ 33 subunits that comprise it, and upon extrinsic protein factors, some of which function as dedicated proteasome chaperones. This chapter summarizes our understanding of the mechanism by which cells bring proteasomes into existence.
Sources and Sinks of Activator Calcium

Transsarcolemmal Ca influx and SR Ca release play dominant roles in the rise of [Ca]i which activates contraction in the heart. It is useful at this point to present a simple working model of cellular Ca fluxes which can serve as a background for further discussion (Fig 25).
Structure-function relations in physiology education: Where’s the mechanism?

Physiology demands systems thinking: reasoning within and between levels of biological organization and across different organ systems. Many physiological mechanisms explain how structures and thei...
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for approximately 10% of all strokes, the majority of which are caused by ruptured aneurysms. Aneurysmal SAH is a devastating disease with 12–15% mortality before hospital admission and overall mortality approaching 50%. Many of those surviving aneurysmal rupture remain functionally dependent and suffer long-term cognitive impairment. Early identification and securing of the ruptured vascular lesion through endovascular coiling, surgical clipping, and, most recently, flow diversion to prevent rebleeding are the requisite first step. Once the aneurysm is secured, attention is turned to prevention and treatment of additional neurological injury secondary to cerebral vasospasm, hydrocephalus, and seizures.
Improved documentation of spectral lines for inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry

Abstract An approach to improving the documentation of weak spectral lines falling near the prominent analytical lines used in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is described. Measurements of ICP emission spectra in the regions around several hundred prominent lines, using concentrated solutions (up to 1% w/v) of some 70 elements, and comparison of the observed spectra with both recent published work and with the output of a computer program that allows calculation of transitions between the known energy levels, show that major improvements can be made in the coverage of spectral atlases for ICP-OES, with respect to “classical” line tables. It is argued that the atomic spectral data (wavelengths, energy levels) required for the reliable identification and documentation of a large majority of the weak interfering lines of the elements detectable by ICP-OES now exist, except for most of the observed lines of the lanthanide elements. In support of this argument, examples are provided from a detailed analysis of a spectral window centered on the prominent Pb II 220.353 nm line, and from a selected line-rich spectrum (W). Shortcomings in existing analyses are illustrated with reference to selected spectral interferences due to Zr. This approach has been used to expand the spectral-line library used in commercial ICP-ES instruments (Agilent 700-ES/5100-ES). The precision of wavelength measurements is evaluated in terms of the shot-noise limit, while the absolute accuracy of wavelength measurement is characterised through comparison with a small set of precise Ritz wavelengths for Sb I, and illustrated through the identification of Zr III lines; it is further shown that fractional-pixel absolute wavelength accuracies can be achieved. Finally, problems with the wavelengths and classifications of certain Au I lines are discussed.
Discharge patterns of neurons in the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in the behaving primate.

1. To determine the possible role of the primate pretectal nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) in the generation of optokinetic and smooth-pursuit eye movements, we recorded the activity of 155 single...
Lysosomal phospholipase A2

Lysosomal phospholipase A2 (PLA2G15) is a ubiquitous enzyme uniquely characterized by a subcellular localization to the lysosome and late endosome. PLA2G15 has an acidic pH optimum, is calcium independent, and acts as a transacylase in the presence of N-acetyl-sphingosine as an acceptor. Recent studies aided by the delineation of the crystal structure of PLA2G15 have clarified further the catalytic mechanism, sn-1 versus sn-2 specificity, and the basis whereby cationic amphiphilic drugs inhibit its activity. PLA2G15 has recently been shown to hydrolyze short chain oxidized phospholipids which access the catalytic site directly based on their aqueous solubility. Studies on the PLA2G15 null mouse suggest a role for the enzyme in the catabolism of pulmonary surfactant. PLA2G15 may also have a role in host defense and in the processing of lipid antigens for presentation by CD1 proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Novel functions of phospholipase A2 Guest Editors: Makoto Murakami and Gerard Lambeau.
Revised partial coupling in fluid–particulate systems:

Fluid equations in Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled with Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) simulations solve the volume-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Full coupling between the dispersed pha...
Communicating sustainable development in the digital age: The relationship between citizens' storytelling and engagement intention

Although there are ample resources about government strategies and stakeholders on sustainable urban development, citizens' views have been relatively rare in the sustainability literature. This study examines how citizens' daily communication practices through storytelling agents are related to the intention of sustainable development behaviors that can affect public and environmental policies. The first survey of 110 citizens in the United States was used to confirm storytelling agents and sustainable urban development indicators. The second survey of 352 respondents found that local networks and online communication significantly predicted citizens' intention to participate in the behaviors of effective land use, pollution management, access to public services, and energy conservation. The results showed that citizens did not use social media such as Twitter and YouTube for the intention of sustainable urban development behaviors. The news media did not meet citizens' sustainable urban development information seeking needs. The role that Internet news, Facebook, and local meetings played in drawing citizens' social engagement in communities was emphasized. Implications of the results for the government's public and environmental policymaking were discussed.
Paget-Schroetter syndrome

A 21-year-old woman presented to the hospital for right lower neck pain. The patient reported that the pain started after she attempted to stretch backward. In addition, she complained of pain and swelling over her right upper arm which started a day after the neck pain started. On admission, vitals were within normal limits. Physical examination was positive for erythema, swelling and tenderness in the upper right arm and right subclavicular region. CT angiography of the neck and CT of the cervical spine were unremarkable. Complete blood count and a complete metabolic panel were within normal range. Ultrasound venous of the right upper extremity showed a large echogenic thrombus of the right subclavian vein (figure 1). Given the above findings, further detailed history was obtained. The patient denied a family history of coagulation disorder. However, she admitted to being on oral contraceptive pills. Coagulation studies showed a normal protein S activity along with a negative factor V Leiden, anticardiolipin and prothrombin G20210A mutation. Antithrombin III level was slightly lower. The patient was subsequently placed on a heparin infusion and was scheduled to undergo thrombolysis. Venography performed before …
Systematic review and meta-analyses of the difference between the spinal level of the palpated and imaged iliac crests.

Objective The purpose of this study was to undertake a systematic review of the literature to determine and compare, for patient sub-groups, the spinal level of the iliac crests as commonly measured through manual palpation and radiographic imaging procedures. Methods Relevant citations were retrieved by searching the PubMed, ICL, CINAHL, AMED, Osteopathic Research Web, OstMed, and MANTIS biomedical databases, and included articles were rated for quality. Search terms included Tuffier*, intercristal line, intercrestal line, Jacoby's line, lumbar spine, lumbar landmark, pelvic landmark, palpation, and TL (Tuffier's Line). Meta-analyses were performed on the full datasets as well as subsets based on various patient demographics. Results Original search strategies retrieved 1301 citations; 47 articles were used for qualitative synthesis and 31 for meta-analyses. Across these studies imaged crests were found to be most consistent with and closest to the L4-5 interspace in females and L4 spinous process in males. In comparison, the spinal level for the palpated crests was nearest to the L3-4 interspace in males and females. The palpated crest line was 0.7 levels cephalad to the imaged crest line in males, and 1.0 levels cephalad to the imaged line in females. Discussion and conclusions During manual palpation, the examiner's fingers contact soft tissue overlying the iliac crests, thereby usually identifying the L3-4 spinal level rather than the assumed L4-5 level. Palpating iliac crests to guide anesthetic injections or manual therapy without appreciating these findings can be hazardous or lead to suboptimal patient care.
An Analysis of Sports Specialization in NCAA Division I Collegiate Athletics.

Background:Youth sports specialization has become more prevalent despite consequences such as increased injury rates and burnout. Young athletes, coaches, and parents continue to have misconception...
Musical Key Estimation with Unsupervised Pattern Recognition

Musical key estimation is an important area of music information retrieval (MIR) and music informatics that helps musicians and data analysts to more precisely interact with and understand modern, classical, and marginal population music from a data analysis standpoint. We propose a low-complexity elegant solution to the musical key estimation problem that more efficiently estimates the musical key of a piece of music than previously established methods in the literature. We employ an unsupervised minimization technique to determine both the mode and tonic center of a piece of music in contrast to previous methods that employ supervised learning techniques such as multiple classification models, support vector machines (SVMs), hidden Markov models, multinomial linear regressions, artificial neural networks (ANNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and other high-complexity machine learning algorithms that require training in multiple instances to determine the embedded musical keys. Our approach has a larger scope of possible applications as a result of its simplicity and will be more useful for obscure and archival musical data collection and analytics where large amounts of data are not available for the supervised learning techniques in the literature. Our comparative results confirm the comparability of our method in terms of classification accuracy to previously reportedtechniques with two advantages of lower computational complexity and eliminating the need for large training datasets.
The last great historian: Walter Laqueur and political violence

In July 2018, a mere 3 months before his passing, Walter Laqueur penned an article titled, ‘The Generation That Shaped Our Understanding of the 20th Century is Gone.’1 This essay, a eulogy to many ...
Robust Online Spike Recovery for High-Density Electrode Recordings using Convolutional Compressed Sensing

Recent high-density multi-electrode arrays pose new challenges for spike sorting in electrophysiology. In this work, we study online spike detection using concepts from sparse signal recovery. A linear convolutional model is used to describe the extracellular recording and compressed sensing is used to recover the spiking activity as a sparse signal. Error propagation in response to new measurements is characterized using results on banded matrices. We demonstrate that accurate signal recovery can be performed by processing finite buffers and derive improved buffer sizes, by introducing effective bandwidths. An adaptation of Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit is proposed for online processing by restricting iterations to a finite buffer. Evaluation with noisy, ground-truth simulations show virtually identical performance to offline processing indicating an appropriate choice of the buffer size. Negligible errors were observed for signal-to-noise ratio larger than 7. Furthermore, the proposed online algorithm achieves spike detection comparable to manual spike sorting in high-density recordings from a behaving macaque (deviation: 6.6– 7.7%), while enabling resolution of overlapping activity. In summary we demonstrate that sparse signal recovery with limited buffer size enables accurate online spike detection. In combination with offline waveform extraction from training data, this provides a means for using single-neuron spiking activity in closed loop experiments or brain-machine interfaces.
SEA-POL Goes to Sea

AbstractA new, advanced radar has been developed at Colorado State University (CSU). The Sea-Going Polarimetric (SEA-POL) radar is a C-band, polarimetric Doppler radar specifically designed to depl...
CLASS: Accurate and Efficient Splice Variant Annotation from RNA-seq Reads

Next generation sequencing of cellular RNA is making it possible to characterize genes and alternative splicing in unprecedented detail. However, designing bioinformatics tools to capture splicing variation accurately has proven difficult. Current programs find major isoforms of a gene but miss finer splicing variations, or are sensitive but highly imprecise. We present CLASS, a novel open source tool for accurate genome-guided transcriptome assembly from RNA-seq reads. CLASS employs a splice graph to represent a gene and its splice variants, combined with a linear program to determine an accurate set of exons and efficient splice graph-based transcript selection algorithms. When compared against reference programs, CLASS had the best overall accuracy and could detect up to twice as many splicing events with precision similar to the best reference program. Notably, it was the only tool that produced consistently reliable transcript models for a wide range of applications and sequencing strategies, including very large data sets and ribosomal RNA-depleted samples. Lightweight and multi-threaded, CLASS required <3GB RAM and less than one day to analyze a 350 million read set, and is an excellent choice for transcriptomics studies, from clinical RNA sequencing, to alternative splicing analyses, and to the annotation of new genomes.
The Lived Experiences of International Students in a CACREP Counseling Program

The researchers qualitatively explored the shared experiences of six international students in a CACREP accredited counseling program. Using the protocol outlined by Huberman and Miles (1994) to analyze phenomenological data, seven well-supported themes emerged with implications for counseling programs that have international students. Implications include, but are not limited to: recommendations regarding advising, faculty availability, importance of having knowledge about visa restrictions, and the necessity of developing a sense of community amongst counseling students.
OCT in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders

This chapter targets application of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for evaluation of retinal neurodegenerative changes in Parkinson Disease (PD) and three related disorders: Multisystem Atrophy (MSA), Lewy Body Disease (LBD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the early stages some of their phenomenology overlaps and they are difficult to differentiate from PD with simple instrumental diagnostic tools or by evaluation of clinical characteristics. All four neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) have hallmark proteinopathies, involving both the brain and the retina. This chapter reviews research which points to using OCT as a simple, inexpensive and easily available tool, in the diagnosis of PD. The data of some studies also suggest the possibility of using OCT in the differential diagnosis of PD, AD, LBD and MSA. OCT is promising as a non-invasive, quick and easily available tool for NDD differential diagnosis and disease monitoring and evaluation of response to treatment.
BESI: Behavioral and Environmental Sensing and Intervention for Dementia Caregiver Empowerment—Phases 1 and 2:

Background and Objectives:Caregiver burden associated with dementia-related agitation is one of the commonest reasons a community-dwelling person with dementia (PWD) transitions to a care facility....
Eye-Bulging Behavior in Lizards of the Genus Sceloporus: A Role in Chemical Communication?

We examined eye-bulging behavior in relation to scent-marking and chemosensory behavior in three species of iguanian lizards, Sceloporus jarrovii, S. tristichus, and S. virgatus, in a controlled en...
Three Hundred Four Robotically Assisted Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch Operations with Gradual Robotic Approach Implementation: Short-Term Outcomes, Complication Profile, and Lessons Learned.

Community, academic affiliated hospital. In the recent years, a movement towards robotic-assisted biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) has reported mixed short-term outcomes. We report our 10-year experience with robotic-assisted BPD/DS in our institution. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 304 consecutive bariatric patients who had robotic or robotic-assisted BPD/DS from December 2008 to February 2018 from a single operating surgeon. Thirty 30-day and 90-day complication and readmission rates were analyzed. No patient was lost to follow-up. The median age of the patients was 45 years (interquartile range (IQR) = 16; range = 20–72). Two hundred ten (69.1%) were female. The median pre-op body mass index (BMI) was 49.2 (IQR = 9; range = 34–79). Median operative time was 253.5 min (IQR = 61; range = 124–463). The median hospital length of stay (LOS) was 2 days (IQR = 2; range = 1–13). Thirty-day follow-up revealed 3 major and 20 minor events in 23 patients (7.6%) while there were 4 major and 7 minor events in 6 (2%) patients after 30 days. There were 15 (5%) readmissions within 30 days and 10 (3.2%) additional readmissions occurred past 30 days, but within 90-day period. A need for going back to operating room was observed in 4 (1.3%) patients within 30 days and an additional 5 (1.6%) needed an operation beyond 30 days, but within 90-day period. There was no anastomotic leak and no mortality recorded. Robotic-assisted BPD/DS is safe with low early morbidity and mortality.
Relative Effects of Multiple Stressors on Reef Food Webs in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Revealed via Ecosystem Modeling

Since 2010, the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) has experienced two unique environmental stressors. First, the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH) impacted a broad range of taxa and habitats and resulted in declines of small demersal reef fish over the study area (88.5°-85.5° W, 29°-30.5° N). Then, from 2011-2014 the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) underwent exponential population growth, leading to some of the highest densities in their invaded range. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of these stressors on reef ecosystems, and specifically how invasive lionfish and fishing may have impacted recovery following DWH. Site-specific datasets on fish density and diet composition were synthesized into an Ecopath with Ecosim food web model of a NGoM reef ecosystem. The model consisted of 63 biomass groups and was calibrated to time series of abundance from 2009-2016. The model accounted for mortality from the DWH using forcing functions derived from logistic dose-response curves and oil concentrations. Eight stressor scenarios were simulated, representing all combinations of DWH, lionfish, and fishing. Simulated biomass differed across model groups due to singular and cumulative impacts of stressors and direct and indirect effects arising through food web interactions. Species with high exploitation rates were influenced by fishing more than lionfish following DWH. Several small demersal fish groups were predicted to be strongly influenced by either the cumulative effects of lionfish and DWH or by lionfish alone. A second group of small demersal fish benefited in the stressor scenarios due to reduced top-down predation and competition in the combined stressor scenarios. We conclude that lionfish had a major impact on this ecosystem, leading to slower recoveries following DWH and lower fish biomass and diversity. Additionally, the lack of recovery for some groups in the absence of lionfish suggests system reorganization may be preventing return to a pre-DWH state. We intended for this work to improve our understanding of how temperate reef ecosystems, like those in the NGoM, respond to broad scale stressors and advance the state of applied ecosystem modeling for resource damage assessment and restoration planning.
Enacting Co-Designed Socio-Scientific Issues-Based Curriculum Units: A Case of Secondary Science Teacher Learning

Secondary science teachers participated in a socio-scientific issues (SSI) professional development (PD) during which they co-designed SSI curriculum units. In this qualitative multiple case study,...
IMMIGRANT SENSIBILITIES IN TECH WORLDS: Sensing Hate, Capturing Dissensus

Seattle and its environs are home to more than eighty tech companies, which have added 780,000 new jobs between 2014 and 2019. Along with these jobs comes increased immigration, especially from India and China. Some of Seattle’s Eastside areas now rank among the most diverse in the nation, even while the Pacific Northwest bears a legacy of white supremacist agitation. This essay explores the relationship between the Eastside’s tech industry, migration, and what the Attorney General’s Office of Washington State calls “hate incidents”—verbal attacks and harassment against minorities that do not rise to the level of hate crimes. I show how forms of evidence about hate incidents circulate in Asian immigrant communities. Victims of these hate incidences track evidence of racial bias simultaneously through material evidence, such as dog poop left on front lawns, and through organizing sense impressions to recognize a shouted slur as racially motivated. This sensory evidence falls below what Jacques Ranciere calls a particular distribution of the sensible. I call these lost impressions “the sensate,” to capture how the theory of the senses developed by Ranciere and others moves too quickly from distribution to dissensus. Instead, the idea of the sensate tracks the ways in which immigrants align, distance themselves from, and register the larger technical and economic scenes in which their lives unfold.
An intelligent remotely operated controller for mining machines

A test bed was developed for applying computer technology to the remote control of mining machines. This particular application involved the use of a Jeffrey 102 continous mining machine. The test bed, called the intelligent remotely operated controller, was built in a modular form that lends itself to applications to a variety of mining machine types. The use of two computers (one called the HOST, the other called the SLAVE) provides control of up to 48 machine-mounted devices. Additionally, up to 24 digital and 16 analog (12-bit * ) signals are available to display mining machine health. A wide range of user-friendly devices were employed to enhance the system’s flexibility. These devices include two channels of video, electronic voice, acoustic feedback, and various visual displays. This paper describes the intelligent remotely operated controller; its hardware, software, and systems integration are presented so that it can be used as a basis for future system’s design.
Comparison of fixed dose versus train-of-four titration of cisatracurium in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Abstract Purpose To compare the ventilatory and clinical outcomes associated with a fixed-dose cisatracurium infusion versus a titrated infusion strategy in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Materials and methods Single-center, retrospective, cohort study in a medical ICU of a tertiary care academic medical center. Adult patients ≥18 years old with a continuous infusion of cisatracurium for ≥12 h for treatment of ARDS were included. The primary outcome was the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio assessed at 24 and 48 h following cisatracurium initiation. Secondary outcomes included amount of average dose of drug administered, 28-day ventilator-free days, LOS, and hospital mortality. Results 167 patients were included; median baseline PaO2/FiO2 was 97 (76–146), median SOFA score of 9 (7–11), and ICU mortality was 71/167 (43%). In a mixed-effects model, fixed dose and titrated cisatracurium associated with similar changes in PaO2/FiO2 assessed at 24 and 48 h (p = 0.316). Fixed-dose was associated with a >3-fold increase in drug exposure (average dose 6.4 (5.4–8.0) vs. 2.0 (1.5–2.8) mcg/kg/min; p Conclusion Fixed-dose cisatracurium was associated with similar ventilatory and clinical outcomes compared to titrated strategy, yet it was associated with a 3-fold increase in dose administered.
Orthogonal spline expansions for uncertainty quantification in linear dynamical systems

Abstract This paper leverages recent progress on orthonormal splines for solving uncertainty quantification (UQ) problems from linear structural dynamics. The resulting methods, premised on spline chaos expansion (SCE) and spline dimensional decomposition (SDD), both construe Fourier-like expansion of a dynamic system response of interest with respect to measure-consistent orthonormalized basis splines in input random variables and standard least-squares regression for estimating the expansion coefficients. The SCE and SDD methods are capable of capturing high nonlinearity and non-smoothness, if they exist, in a stochastic dynamic response markedly better than the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method. However, due to the tensor-product structure, SCE, like PCE, also suffers from the curse of dimensionality. In contrast, SDD, equipped with a desirable dimensional hierarchy of input variables, deflates the curse of dimensionality to a great extent. Numerical results from frequency response analysis of a two-degree-of-freedom dynamic system indicate that a low-order SCE with fewer basis functions removes or markedly reduces the spurious oscillations generated by high-order PCE in estimating the response statistics. Finally, a high-dimensional modal analysis of a fighter jet comprising 110 random variables was conducted, demonstrating the ability of SDD in solving large-scale UQ problems.
Individual and location-based characteristics associated with Autonomous Vehicle adoption in the Chicago metropolitan area: Implications for public health

Abstract Introduction Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) could have profound effects on mobility, safety, and the build environment. In specific, AVs are expected to provide more mobility choices to the elderly and underserved areas, reduce traffic congestion and transportation costs, among others. The changes in built environment could result in a reduction in active travel and physical activity, which might lead to increases in non-communicable diseases (NCD) and pose risks to public health. Methodology Using a combination of available secondary data and the responses of an online survey from adults’ residents of the Chicago metropolitan statistical area, this study aims to enhance the understanding of the individual and location-based characteristics that might influence the levels of adoption of AVs. A market segmentation analysis was first conducted to classify respondents into five distinct AV adoption levels and identify common characteristics. Built environment and health-related characteristics, that surround the ZIP codes where different levels of adopters reside, were also examined using an ordered probit model in order to understand the influence that AV adoption would have on the factors related to active travel. Results The ordered probit estimation results suggest that the level of adoption is associated with a combination of individual and location-based characteristics, some of which are related to active travel behavior. It was found that respondents in the high adopter categories are generally lacking opportunities for active travel and show high levels of NCD in the ZIP codes where they reside. Conclusions AV implementation based only on the propensity to adoption might result in adverse health outcomes. Our results can inform planning strategies and health interventions so as to avoid a massive shift from active travel modes to AVs and mitigate any other adverse impacts on public health that this technology might bring.
A literature review on one-class classification and its potential applications in big data

In severely imbalanced datasets, using traditional binary or multi-class classification typically leads to bias towards the class(es) with the much larger number of instances. Under such conditions, modeling and detecting instances of the minority class is very difficult. One-class classification (OCC) is an approach to detect abnormal data points compared to the instances of the known class and can serve to address issues related to severely imbalanced datasets, which are especially very common in big data. We present a detailed survey of OCC-related literature works published over the last decade, approximately. We group the different works into three categories: outlier detection, novelty detection, and deep learning and OCC. We closely examine and evaluate selected works on OCC such that a good cross section of approaches, methods, and application domains is represented in the survey. Commonly used techniques in OCC for outlier detection and for novelty detection, respectively, are discussed. We observed one area that has been largely omitted in OCC-related literature is its application context for big data and its inherently associated problems, such as severe class imbalance, class rarity, noisy data, feature selection, and data reduction. We feel the survey will be appreciated by researchers working in these areas of big data.
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Loss of Acceptable Alignment for Distal Radius Fractures That are Nondisplaced or Minimally Displaced on Initial Presentation.

Purpose Numerous studies have evaluated risk factors for loss of acceptable radiographic alignment, as described by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), following closed reduction of distal radius fractures (DRFs). Less is known about DRFs that are well aligned on initial presentation and do not require closed reduction. We evaluated the rate of and risk factors for displacement of DRFs that are nondisplaced or minimally displaced on initial presentation. Methods This retrospective cohort study identified patients with nondisplaced or minimally displaced DRFs seen at a single academic tertiary center between 2015 and 2019. DRFs that required a reduction or initial surgical treatment based on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons CPG and those with a volar shear pattern were excluded. We recorded standard radiographic measurements on presentation and wrist radiographs after 6 weeks. Univariate and binary multivariable logistic regression analyses evaluated associations between sex, age, the presence of dorsal comminution, intra-articular involvement, associated ulnar fractures, and minimal displacement (vs nondisplacement on initial radiographs) with loss of acceptable alignment. Results Of the 110 included patients, 72% were female and the mean age was 52 years (SD, 17 years). Overall, 33 (30%) had displacement beyond the AAOS CPG criteria at 6 weeks. A multivariable analysis demonstrated that the presence of dorsal comminution (odds ratio, 37.8) and age >60 years (odds ratio, 3.6) were significantly associated with loss of acceptable alignment, whereas sex, intra-articular involvement, associated ulnar styloid/neck fractures, and minimal displacement were not associated. Conclusions For DRFs that were initially nondisplaced or minimally displaced, the overall rate of unacceptable radiographic displacement at 6 weeks was 30%. Dorsal comminution and age >60 years were both independently associated with displacement, suggesting that patients with these risk factors may warrant closer follow-up than those without risk factors. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic IV.