cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acid Hydrolysis of Octahedral Mg2+ Sites in 2:1 Layered Silicates: An Assessment of Edge Attack and Gallery Access Mechanisms

The acid hydrolysis products of trioctahedral fluorohectorite and phlogopite have been inves- tigated by XRD, MAS NMR spectroscopy and nitrogen BET surface area analysis in an effort to assess the relative importance of edge attack and gallery access mechanisms. A dramatic loss of X-ray crystallinity and the formation of Q3 and Q" SiO4 sites accompanied the depletion of Mg 2+ from the octahedral sheet of both 2:1 layered structures. Depending on the extent of hydrolysis, the products derived from fluo- rohectorite exhibited surface areas up to 208 mVg, whereas phlogopite hydrolysis products gave values <20 mY/g. The dramatic differences in surface areas were not related to differences in hydrolysis mech- anisms. 19F MAS NMR studies indicated that the hydrolysis of fluorohectorite occurred primarily by an edge attack mechanism equivalent to the hydrolysis pathway for phlogopite. A gallery access mechanism contributed to the hydrolysis of fluorohectorite only at the later stages of octahedral Mg 2+ depletion. Solvation effects appeared to be important in determining the surface areas of the reaction products derived from the swelling (fluorohectorite) and non-swelling (phlogopite) precursors.
Carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx: Treatment results with radiotherapy alone or with planned neck dissection

Purpose To present the results of radiotherapy with or without neck dissection for squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx treated at the University of Florida and to compare these data with those obtained after conservation surgery. Methods and Materials Continuous-course radiotherapy alone or combined with a planned neck dissection was used to treat 274 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx between 1964 and 1998. All patients had follow-up for a minimum of 2 years, and 250 (91%) had follow-up for 5 years or more. Results At 5 years, the actuarial probability of local control after radiotherapy according to T stage was as follows: T1, 100%; T2, 86%; T3, 62%; and T4, 62%. The probability of cause-specific survival at 5 years by AJCC stage was as follows: stage I, 100%; II, 93%; III, 81% IVA, 50%; and IVB, 13%. The risk of severe late complications was 4%. Of 57 patients undergoing planned postradiotherapy neck dissection, 7% experienced a severe complication. Conclusions On the basis of our data and the literature, early or moderately advanced supraglottic carcinomas may be treated successfully with either supraglottic laryngectomy or radiotherapy. Supraglottic laryngectomy probably produces a higher initial local control rate but, based on anatomic and coexisting medical constraints, is suitable for a smaller subset of patients and has a higher risk of complications compared with radiotherapy. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of effective therapies against West Nile virus infection

Since its entry into North America in 1999, West Nile virus has spread throughout the USA and Canada, and now annually causes a clinical spectrum of human disease ranging from a self-limiting acute febrile illness to potentially lethal encephalitis. Although no therapy is currently approved for use in humans, several strategies are being pursued to develop effective prophylaxis and treatments. This review describes the epidemiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of West Nile virus infection, and highlights recent progress towards an effective therapy.
Optimized construction of microsatellite-enriched libraries.

The construction of microsatellite-enriched libraries is an indispensable tool to search for molecular markers as complete genome sequences are still not available for the majority of species of interest. Numerous protocols are available in the literature for the construction of these libraries; however, sometimes their low efficiency or lack of optimization in the protocols can restrict their efficacy. We have designed and tested various adapters and ligation methods; we also tested oligo-repeat combinations and hybridization temperatures, and created libraries with this new protocol for four organisms: Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam, Chionanthus retusus Lindley & Paxton, Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Olivera and Puccinia
Deriving values for the ecological support function of wildlife: An indirect valuation approach

We describe a method that combines economic willingness-to-pay estimates for higher trophic-level species with basic information available about ecosystem relationships to derive estimates of partial willingness-to-pay for lower level species that might be of direct policy interest. This method is intended as a quasi-benefit transfer method for use in benefit–cost analysis. Our method makes it possible to establish partial willingness-to-pay estimates for the large number of species of immediate or potential policy interest using only data available in non-market valuation and biology and ecology literature. We provide a partial estimation of indirect values for the predator–prey relationships that support golden eagles in the Snake River Bird of Prey area as an example of how to operationalize our approach. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
MENTAL HEALTH, SOCIAL COMPETENCE AND THE WAR ON POVERTY*

Mental health has emphasized reduction of intrapsychic conflict. Increasingly intervention strategies are shifting toward cognitive training for social competence. This trend is traced back to the New Deal and early psychoanalysts. Mental health must reexamine its own strategies if it is to retain leadership within the helping professions.
Qualitative Analysis In Evaluation Research: Problems And Promises Of An Interactionist Approach*

Since the relatively recent advent of evaluation research, researchers have overwhelmingly advocated the use of experimental designs over other methodological approaches. However, implementing such designs produces an interaction effect which greatly alters the nature of programs being evaluated. As an alternative to experimental designs, an interactionist approach to evaluation research is introduced and developed, both conceptually and procedurally. The advantages of a phenomenological skepticism, which is epistemologically integral to an interactionist approach, over an experimentalist's naive or common sense skepticism, is discussed. Stages and methodological problems of carrying out an interactionist approach are explicated. It is argued that the implementation of an interactionist approach would be “nonreactive” with either the structure or functioning of a program under analysis. And it would simultaneously bring into relief much of the anxiety and distrust between researchers and those being evaluated that characteristically accompanies the application of experimental designs.
Magnetization in Ni and Ni-Fe thin films

Nickel films have been deposited in conventional high vacuum, ultra-high vacuum, and in controlled contaminant, ultra-high vacuum environments. High field saturation magnetization M s measurements on the films made in high vacuum and an oxygen-contaminated ultra-high vacuum system show that they posses low values of M s for film thicknesses of 1000 A. The normal moments observed for ultra-high vacuum deposited films lead to the conclusion that the low M s values are associated with the oxygen and are caused by a true loss of effective magnetization rather than coupled superparamagnetism or a ripple blocking field. Supplementary torque and ferromagnetic resonance studies on the Ni and two different Ni-Fe compositions also show that the grain boundary perpendicular anisotropy models are not particularly relevant for films made under such nominal technical vacuum conditions.
Dangling-bond spin relaxation and magnetic 1/f noise from the amorphous-semiconductor/oxide interface: Theory

We propose a model for magnetic noise based on spin flips (not electron trapping) of paramagnetic dangling bonds at the amorphous-semiconductor/oxide interface. A wide distribution of spin-flip times is derived from the single-phonon cross-relaxation mechanism for a dangling bond interacting with the tunneling two-level systems of the amorphous interface. The temperature and frequency dependence is sensitive to three energy scales: The dangling-bond spin Zeeman energy $(\ensuremath{\delta})$, as well as the minimum $({E}_{\mathrm{min}})$ and maximum $({E}_{\mathrm{max}})$ values for the energy splittings of the tunneling two-level systems. At the highest temperatures, ${k}_{B}T⪢\mathrm{max}$ $(\ensuremath{\delta},{E}_{\mathrm{max}})$, the noise spectral density is independent of temperature and has a $1∕f$ frequency dependence. At intermediate temperatures, ${k}_{B}T⪢\ensuremath{\delta}$ and ${E}_{\mathrm{min}}⪡{k}_{B}T⪡{E}_{\mathrm{max}}$, the noise is proportional to a power law in temperature and possesses a $1∕{f}^{p}$ spectral density, with $p=1.2--1.5$. At the lowest temperatures, ${k}_{B}T⪡\ensuremath{\delta}$, or ${k}_{B}T⪡{E}_{\mathrm{min}}$, the magnetic noise is exponentially suppressed. We compare and fit our model parameters to a recent experiment probing spin coherence of antimony donors implanted in nuclear-spin-free silicon [T. Schenkel et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 112101 (2006)], and conclude that a dangling-bond area density of the order of ${10}^{14}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ is consistent with the data. This enables the prediction of single spin qubit coherence times as a function of the distance from the interface and the dangling-bond area density in a real device structure. We apply our theory to calculations of magnetic flux noise affecting superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) due to their $\mathrm{Si}∕\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ substrate. Our explicit estimates of flux noise in SQUIDs lead to a noise spectral density of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\Phi}}_{0}^{2}{(\mathrm{Hz})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at $f=1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{Hz}$. This value might explain the origin of flux noise in some SQUIDs. Finally, we consider the suppression of these effects using surface passivation with hydrogen, and the residual nuclear-spin noise resulting from a perfect silicon-hydride surface.
The impact of microturbines and PV systems of office buildings in energy-efficient, economical, and environmental aspects

Net-zero energy buildings can maximize electrical and thermal energy efficiency as they use renewable energy resources, particularly combined heat and power (CHP) systems and photovoltaic (PV) systems in this study. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present a demand response study for analyzing the impact of CHP and PV systems of small-, medium-, and large-office buildings in energy-efficient, economical, and environmental aspects. Then, each case study of small, medium, and large office buildings hosting CHP and PV systems in the Atlanta area is simulated. Finally, their energy-efficiency improvement and economic sensitivity analysis on investment costs are presented.
COE Reductions through Active Aerodynamic Control of Rotor Aerodynamics and Geometry

This study investigates potential cost of energy reductions that might be achieved by designing active systems to mitigate loads throughout the wind turbine system.
Tissue‐specific patterns of a maize Myb transcription factor are epigenetically regulated

The maize p1 gene encodes a Myb-homologous regulator of red pigment biosynthesis. To investigate the tissue-specific regulation of the p1 gene, maize plants were transformed with constructs combining promoter and cDNA sequences of two alleles which differ in pigmentation patterns: P1-wr (white pericarp/red cob) and P1-rr (red pericarp/red cob). Surprisingly, all promoter/cDNA combinations produced transgenic plants with red pericarp and red cob (RR pattern), indicating that the P1-wr promoter and encoded protein can function in pericarp. Some of the RR patterned transgenic plants produced progeny plants with white pericarp and red cob (WR pattern), and this switch in tissue-specificity correlated with increased transgene methylation. A similar inverse correlation between pericarp pigmentation and DNA methylation was observed for certain natural p1 alleles, which have a gene structure characteristic of standard P1-wr alleles, but which confer red pericarp pigmentation and are consistently less methylated than standard P1-wr alleles. Although we cannot rule out the possible existence of tissue-specific regulatory elements within the p1 non-coding sequences or flanking regions, the data from transgenic and natural alleles suggest that the tissue-specific pigmentation pattern characteristic of the P1-wr phenotype is epigenetically controlled.
Royal “Virtue” in Shang Oracle Inscriptions

The "later paper" was to be (and will be) a revision of my paper referred to in Early China 2 (Fall, 1976), p. 101, under my name: "Paper in hand on the concept of Te (*Wk, 'I®/ , ) in Shang." This reference, in turn, was to my paper "Can These Bones Live?" written in May-June 1976, and presented at the Harvard-ACLS Workshop on Clas sical Chinese Thought at Harvard University, August 2-13, 1976. The paper had a fairly wide distribu tion in xerox in the United States at that time (the meeting was unusually large), and some distri bution by request after that, following the announce ment in Early China 2.
In what ways are teacher candidates being prepared to teach about the environment? A case study from Wisconsin

There is an urgent need for primary and secondary students to develop awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and an environmental ethic necessary to undertake environmental issues and problems. The need to adequately prepare teachers to teach about the environment, and the challenges the field of environmental education (EE) faces lead us to the research question: In what ways are teacher candidates being prepared to teach primary and secondary students about the environment? Using a case study approach of the 33 teacher education programs in Wisconsin (USA), we explored the ways in which EE is integrated into teacher preparation. Surveys, interviews, and the analysis of course documents (e.g. syllabi, assignment sheets) were used to identify two primary ways in which EE is being integrated – courses and activities. After examining the commonalities among programs that are doing more than typical (such as using multiple ways to include EE or having high quality EE), we explored the role organizational resources...
Synchronization among heterogeneous inhibitory RTN neurons globally coupled

A model of a large population of excitable neurons with a globally slowly decaying inhibitory coupling is studied. A homogeneous network exhibits homogeneous solutions as well as cluster states. When the homogeneous and deterministic network is fully synchronized, stochastic noise cause the neurons to skip bursts. In addition to a synchronized periodic and asynchronous regimes, a heterogeneous network exhibits two novel regimes, one is partially synchronized and the other is partially asynchronized.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PREDICTORS OF LONG TERM OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY: WHAT IS THE OPTIMAL METRIC?

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) imparts survival benefit in patients with heart failure and a wide QRSd, but not all respond. A variety of markers of positive CRT effect have been proposed, principally indices of reverse ventricular remodeling (RVR). However, their comparative efficacy is
Wittgenstein’s Notion of an Object

1. The ultimate constituents of the world. In " The Philosophy of Logical Atomism ",1 which was influenced but not dominated by Wittgenstein's work before the First World War, Russell draws up an " inventory of the world " and offers the following as a complete list of the ultimate constituents of the world: particulars, qualities, relations, and facts (p. 270). One question that might arise concerning Russell's inventory is this: Why is it necessary to list facts in addition to particulars, qualities, and relations ? So that I may contrast Russell's theory with the theory of the Tractatus I want to develop an answer to this question that is implicit in Russell's own theory. First of all, relations as well as particulars are counted as components of facts (PLA, p. 192). Secondly, one component may occur in several different facts (PLA, p. 193). It follows, then, as Russell himself allows (" On Propositions", p. 286), that two different facts might contain exactly the same components. This can be easily illustrated if we are allowed for the moment to think of human beings as particulars. The fact that Caesar loved Cleopatra is different from the fact that Cleopatra loved Caesar, but both contain the same components. This answers our original question, but now another arises: How do these two facts differ ? The only answer that suggests itself is that the relation is related to the two particulars differently in the two cases. It is certain that Russell would object to this interpretation, for he says in a somewhat later essay that " if we mean-as opponents of external relations suppose us to mean-that the relation is a third term which comes between the other two terms and is somehow hooked on to them, that is obviously absurd, for in that case the relation has ceased to be a relation, and all that is truly relational is the hooking of the relation to the terms " (" Logical Atomism", p. 335). Nevertheless, it does seem that Russell's theory contains this absurdity. Wittgenstein's theory in the Tractatus stands in elegant contrast to Russell's. Wittgenstein's inventory of the world lists only two items instead of four: objects and objects in configuration. And the puzzle concerning relations disappears by the simple expedient of not counting relations as objects. For Russell an atomic fact consists of particulars and a relation (or a particular and a quality) in relation. Thus relations occur twice, as a component of a fact and as joining the components of a fact. (They need not occur more than twice, however, if the way in which the components 'Republished in Logic and Knowledge (ed. Marsh), to w-hich all references to Russell refer,
Reduced-Order Two- and Three-Dimensional Vortex Modeling of Unsteady Separated Flows

This paper presents extensions to ongoing efforts to develop model reduction techniques for unsteady aerodynamics. The overarching objective of these efforts is to construct a data-driven modeling framework that preserves the important non-linear interactions in the aerodynamic flows associated with rapid maneuvers, particularly those involving dynamic stall. The current study consists of two primary developments from previous work. First, a ‘bootstrapping’ technique is presented that enables our previously-developed model optimization procedure to incorporate new data as it becomes available. The technique is demonstrated on a two-dimensional point vortex model of the rapid pitch-up of a flat plate in a steady free stream, optimized from high-fidelity simulation data. The bootstrapping ensures that the model optimization converges much faster, and operates in a form that pushes the technique from post-processing toward a predictive capacity. Second, a three-dimensional low-order vortex model is constructed, based on the dynamics of a small number of vortex loops with time-varying strength. In the model, the loops evolve according to a dynamical equation that is derived from the impulse matching principle, extended here from the previous two-dimensional point vortex context. The three-dimensional model is demonstrated, using a basic phenomenological sub-model for determining loop strengths, on simple maneuvers of low aspect ratio flat plates.
Broadband and wide-angle scattering in aperiodic spiral arrays for ultra-thin film solar cells enhancement

We report on the design, fabrication and measurement of ultra-thin film solar cells with nanostructured plasmonic arrays, demonstrating broadband enhanced photocurrent generation using aperiodic golden angle spiral geometry.
Effect of sulfur fertilization on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and utilization by lambs of sorghum silage.

Effects of S fertilization, 0 or 138 kg of S/ha, as (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 on chemical composition, ensiling characteristics, and utilization of sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.) silage by wether lambs was investigated. 'Pioneer 947' sorghum forage was ensiled at the soft dough growth stage. Sulfur fertilization increased ( P < .01) concentrations of S, N, K, Mn, and water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and decreased (P < .05) concentrations of Fe, Cu, Al, and acetic acid after ensiling. Sulfur-fertilized sorghum silage (N :S = 12) and non-S fertilized silage (N :S = 15) were fed alone and supplemented with urea to achieve 14% CP (N :S = 18 and 23, respectively) to 24 crossbred (1/2 Dorset, 1/4 Finn, 1/4 Rambouillet) wether lambs in a metabolism trial. Sulfur fertilization decreased apparent lignin digestibility and increased apparent digestibilities of DM, NDF, and hemicellulose (P < .05), apparent absorption and retention of S, N, P, K, Mg, and Mn ( P < .01), and apparent absorption of Ca ( P < .05). Apparent absorption and retention of Cu and Al were lower (P < .05) in lambs fed the S-fertilized silages. Digestibilities of DM and NDF were increased by N-supplementation in the non S-fertilized silage ( N x S interaction, P < .05). Nitrogen supplementation increased ( P < .01) blood urea nitrogen and apparent absorption and retention of N. Results indicate that S fertilization enhanced forage quality primarily due to increased TNC concentration, digestibility of hemicellulose, and N utilization by lambs but could exacerbate Cu deficiency where Cu levels are marginal.
Therma: Thermal-aware Run-time Thread Migration for Nanophotonic Interconnects

In this paper, we introduce Therma, a thermal-aware run-time thread migration mechanism for managing temperature fluctuations in nanophotonic networks. Nanophotonics is one of the most promising communication substrate candidates for next-generation high-performance systems. However, their underlying components are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. These fluctuations arise mostly because of the temperature changes on the cores, which are adjacent to nanophotonic components. Therma minimizes thermal fluctuations on these temperature sensitive components by moving threads across cores. Evaluation results reveal that when each core is executing a single thread, Therma achieves a 15.4% and 6.1% reduction in the photonic power consumption compared to the baseline and an interconnectoblivious thread migration scheme, respectively. It also reduces photonic power consumption by up to 20.7% compared to the alternatives when running multiple threads per core on the system.
Do Acquisitions of Private Targets Create Higher Value

Acquirers, on average, earn higher announcement-period returns when their targets are privately held than when their targets are publicly traded. We show that private targets have significantly more intangible assets than do public targets. We then develop a valuation model that is based on the fair values of the targets’ tangible and intangible assets and demonstrate that relative to public targets, private targets, while commanding higher premiums over their stand-alone values, also generate higher synergies in the acquisitions. However, the higher synergies in private target acquisitions are not the result of the target status but are driven by the larger amount of intangible assets acquired in those deals. We also find that the variance of synergies in private targets is much larger than that in acquisitions of public targets. Finally, our results are robust for known effects such as mode of payment and expected growth.
Faculty development in point of care ultrasound for internists

Lack of general medicine faculty expertise is a likely contributor to the slow adoption of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) by internal medicine (IM) residency training programs. We developed a 10-week faculty development program, during which 15 faculty members participated in 2 hours and 10 hours of online didactic and hands-on training, respectively. Pre–post comparisons showed that there were statistically significant improvements in faculty participants' ability to interpret images (p<0.001), perceived understanding of the capabilities and limitations of POCUS (p=0.003), comfort using POCUS to make clinical decisions (p=0.003), and perceptions regarding the extent to which POCUS can improve patient care (p=0.026). The next challenge for IM programs is to improve access to ultrasound machines and provide follow-up workshops to facilitate further development of skills and integration of POCUS into daily practice by general medicine faculty.
Organverteilungssysteme im Transplantationswesen aus ökonomischer Sicht

Auch nach dem Beschlus des Gesetzgebers zugunsten einer sogenannten Informationslosung bleibt das Problem angemessener Vergabekriterien fur die vorhandenen Organe, da diese Frage im neuen Organspendegesetz nicht abschliesend geklart ist. In dem Beitrag werden verschiedene Allokationsverfahren bezuglich ihrer gesellschaftlichen Akzeptanz und okonomischen Effizienz beurteilt. Dazu werden medizinische Kriterien (z.B. HLA-Kompatibiltat) und nicht-medizinsche Kriterien (z.B. Zahlungsbereitschaft des Spenders oder Zufall) anhand verschiedener allgemein akzeptierter Zielsetzungen (z.B. gleicher Zugang zu Gesundheitsleistungen oder geringe Kosten) abgewogen. Als innovative Form eines Organgewinnungssystemes wird die Clublosung vorgestellt, die den Spendern erlaubt, Praferenzen bei der Verwendung der Organe zu realisieren. Scoringsysteme konnen daruber hinaus helfen, die Transparenz der Organverteilung zu erhohen. Aus okonomischer Sicht sind dabei vor allem medizinische Kriterien relativ zu nicht-medizinischen Merkmalen starker zu gewichten.
Intraoperative vasopressors and thrombotic complications in free flap breast reconstruction.

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to critically examine intraoperative vasopressor usage as it relates to free flap perfusion and its effect on perioperative complications in autologous breast reconstruction.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed involving all free autologous breast reconstructions at a single institution over a 5 year period. Data collection focused on perioperative care, specifically fluid administration, urine output (UOP), use of vasopressors, and case duration. Outcomes included major intraoperative and postoperative complications. Patients who received intraoperative vasopressors were compared to all patients who did not. The use, type, and timing of the vasopressor agent were assessed with standard statistical analyses and regression modelling.Results: Six hundred and eighty-two patients reconstructed with 1039 flaps were included. Of these, 475 (69.6%) patients received vasopressors. The vasopressor cohort was older (p = 0.001), with higher rates of hyp...
UNDERUTILIZATION OF STATIN THERAPY AMONG PARTICIPANTS IN A LUNG CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM WITH A HIGH INCIDENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS

Background : Patients eligible for lung cancer screening (LCS) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is incidentally obtained during LCS. Whether CAC reporting affects statin prescribing is unclear. We assessed CAC prevalence, statin
Correlating quantitative susceptibility mapping with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Cerebral quantitative susceptibility mapping predicts amyloid-β-related cognitive decline’ by Ayton et al., (doi: 10.1093/brain/awx137 ).
Auxilliary embedded coolant channels for peltier based liquid cooling solution for high power components

The ever-rising amount of data transferred between data centers and clients requires more computational power than ever. Temperature control requirements, such as set-point range and accuracy, during validation testing of high power components remain unchanged, creating a design challenge for thermal solutions. In addition, thermal solutions must remain within small footprints in order to fit the increasingly dense testing board. Thermal solutions based on Thermo-Electric Cooler (TEC) modules have been found to be a very flexible low cost solution with good thermal performance and easy temperature control. The cooling performance of a TEC is directly related to its size and number of Peltier elements. Therefore, high cooling capacities require a very large device foot-print which may not conform to design space constraints. This paper describes an empirical study which investigates the feasibility and performance of a TEC based thermal solution with auxiliary coolant channels embedded within the cold plate for additional cooling. This allows for an increase in cooling power without compromising the overall footprint. Experiments were performed on a mockup device simulating a very high power component with an internal heater producing up to 400W. A number of configurations were tested with a different number of coolant channels. The test configurations were chosen based on manufacturing constraints. Test results show a dramatic improvement in cooling performance in the high power range compared to the baseline configuration (solid cold plate). Temperature reductions of ∼40°C at 400W power load were observed. However, for low power loads, the addition of the coolant channels was found to interfere with the TEC cooling capabilities resulting in worse performance. Further testing of the channeled configuration without coolant flow showed very similar results to the baseline. Future implementation of flow control is expected to enable optimal performance in the whole power range.
On the flow induced vibration of an externally excited nuclear reactor experiment

Abstract An in-pile, drop-in experiment design is presently being designed and studied for the near-term deployment within the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL); this experiment is termed the Miniplate-1 Large-B (MP-1 LB) Experiment. A number of explicit studies are performed during the design- and safety-related stage. Traditionally, a clear and logical methodology has been developed and utilized for analyses such as hydraulics, thermal-loads, mechanical loads, and others for these experiments. Recently a small component from a different experiment assembly mechanically separated while in the reactor’s core. While this experiment didn’t compromise the safety of the reactor, it led to a higher-level question which centered on whether the appropriate level of consideration was being made toward the fluid–structure-interactions of these experiments. The outcome yielded separate flow test experiments of like-for-like geometry in an experimental loop located at Oregon State University which produces experimental data compliant with applicable parts and requirements to ASME’s NQA-1 2008, 2009a standard – suitable for benchmark evaluation. The objectives of this study are to (1) develop a process for handling and interpreting the mechanical response of the test elements during hydraulic testing, to (2) characterize the motion of a specific test element during a flow test which imposes a wide range of hydraulic conditions, and (3) provide objective observations toward the potential safety related implications that are tied to the synthesized data. The outcome of this study has led to a confident process in inspecting the experimental data, synthesized it for interpretation, identified several unique hydraulic characteristics of the experiment design which were previously unknown, and demonstrated that the likelihood for mechanical failure resulting from fluid-structure-interactions in the reactor is far below any criterion for concern of the element’s safety.
Data-Stream Sampling: Basic Techniques and Results

Perhaps the most basic synopsis of a data stream is a sample of elements from the stream. A key benefit of such a sample is its flexibility: the sample can serve as input to a wide variety of analytical procedures and can be reduced further to provide many additional data synopses. If, in particular, the sample is collected using random sampling techniques, then the sample can form a basis for statistical inference about the contents of the stream. This chapter surveys some basic sampling and inference techniques for data streams. We focus on general methods for materializing a sample; later chapters provide specialized sampling methods for specific analytic tasks.
Genetics is Involved in Everything, but not Everything is Genetic

With the evolution of molecular biology, specifically genetics, it appeared that finally science would provide the long-sought answers to health disparities and disproportionate burdens of poor health outcomes among humans. However, it has been found that there are even more questions today regarding identifying the genetic sources of risk for human disease. This article brings together the current evidence regarding the contribution of individual genetic variability toward the risk of developing chronic disease: But it is emphasized that the risk is not absolute; it is relative. In other words, genetic predisposition is not a guarantee that you will develop a disease; it only raises the likelihood that you will.
Self-Exciting Point Processes

A temporal point process must be both orderly and without aftereffects to be a Poisson process. The orderliness restriction that points be isolated from one another is relaxed in Ch. 4 where a generalized Poisson process is defined and studied. The restriction that the process be without aftereffects is removed in this chapter about self-exciting point processes.
Interrelationship of Substance Abuse and Social Problems

There is a growing acceptance that substance-related problems are not narrowly confined. That is, problematic alcohol and other drug use, despite level of severity, does not affect just an individual’s job performance or personal relationships or health status, but touches many aspects of an individual’s life and the lives of those around them. In addition, there is an elevated probability of social problems among those with substance abuse in their everyday experience, including mental health disorders (Kessler et al., 1996; Castanada et al., 1996) homelessness (Fisher & Breakey, 1991), child adjustment and behavior problems (Johnson & Leff, 1999), domestic violence (Greenfield, 1998; Kantor & Asdigian, 1997), child maltreatment (NCASA, 1999), and AIDS (NIAAA, 2000).
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Therapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer: A 10-Year Followup

We report the outcome of 61 patients with superficial bladder tumors who received bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy and were followed for at least 10 years (range 10 to 13 years). A total of 19 patients (31%) remains free of tumor and progression, 17 (28%) had interval superficial recurrences but no progression and 25 (41%) had progression, first identified as muscle invasion in 12, prostatic involvement in 8 or metastasis in 5. Most tumors recurred or progressed within the first 5 years. Of the 61 patients 33 (54%) are disease-free and with an intact bladder, 13 (21%) are alive after cystectomy, 2 (3%) died of other causes, 1 (2%) is alive with metastasis and 12 (20%) died of metastatic urothelial cancer (11 from the bladder or prostate and 1 from an upper tract tumor).
Bayesian Analysis of a Sensitive Proportion for a Small Area

Without accounting for sensitive items in sample surveys, sampled units may not respond (nonignorable nonresponse) or they respond untruthfully. There are several survey designs that address this problem and we will review some of them. In our study, we have binary data from clusters within small areas, obtained from a version of the unrelated‐question design, and the sensitive proportion is of interest for each area. A hierarchical Bayesian model is used to capture the variation in the observed binomial counts from the clusters within the small areas and to estimate the sensitive proportions for all areas. Both our example on college cheating and a simulation study show significant reductions in the posterior standard deviations of the sensitive proportions under the small‐area model as compared with an analogous individual‐area model. The simulation study also demonstrates that the estimates under the small‐area model are closer to the truth than for the corresponding estimates under the individual‐area model. Finally, for small areas, we discuss many extensions to accommodate covariates, finite population sampling, multiple sensitive items and optional designs.
Increasing Iron Status through Dietary Supplementation in Iron-Depleted, Sedentary Women Increases Endurance Performance at Both Near-Maximal and Submaximal Exercise Intensities.

Background Iron deficiency persists as the most common micronutrient deficiency globally, despite having known detrimental effects on physical performance. Although iron supplementation and aerobic exercise have been examined individually and are known to improve physical performance, the impact of simultaneous iron supplementation and aerobic training remains unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the individual and combined effects of iron supplementation and aerobic training on improving maximal and submaximal physical performance in iron-depleted, nonanemic (IDNA) women. We hypothesized that women receiving iron would improve their endurance performance but not their estimated maximal oxygen consumption (eVO2max). Methods Seventy-three sedentary, previously untrained IDNA (serum ferritin 110 g/L) women aged 18-26 y with a body mass index (kg/m2) of 17-25 participated in a double-blind, 8-wk, randomized controlled trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design including iron supplementation (42 mg elemental Fe/d) or placebo and aerobic exercise training (5 d/wk for 25 min at 75-85% of age-predicted maximum heart rate) or no training. Linear models were used to examine relations between training, supplement, and changes in the primary outcomes of observed maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and eVO2max and ventilatory threshold (absolute oxygen consumption and percentage of maximum). Re-evaluation of a published meta-analysis was used to compare effects of iron supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and VO2peak. Results There were significant training-by-supplement interactions for VO2peak, volume of oxygen consumption at the ventilatory threshold, and the percentage of eVO2max where the threshold occurred, with the iron-untrained group performing better than the placebo-untrained group. There was no beneficial effect of iron supplementation for VO2max (mean difference: 0.53; 95% CI: -0.75, 1.81; P = 0.42), but a significant benefit was observed for VO2peak (mean difference: 1.87; 95% CI: 0.15, 3.60; P = 0.03). Conclusions Iron supplementation increases endurance performance at submaximal and maximal (VO2peak) exercise intensities in IDNA women. However, increasing iron status does not increase eVO2max. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03002090.
Application of machine learning on colonoscopy screening records for predicting colorectal polyp recurrence

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Colorectal cancer risk can be effectively managed through early detection and removal of precancerous lesions, known as colorectal polyps, with routine colonoscopy screening. The current guidelines for colonoscopy screening and surveillance do not consider detailed clinical information and polyp characteristics from prior colonoscopies. Developing a colonoscopy surveillance plan based upon a patient’s personalized polyp recurrence risk is important for preventing the progression of colorectal cancer. To address this clinical need, in this paper, we proposed and developed a natural language processing and machine learning model to predict colorectal polyp recurrence risk using features derived from patient colonoscopy and pathology reports in electronic medical record systems. Colonoscopy records and the associated pathology reports from 952 patients in a tertiary academic care center in New Hampshire were obtained from 2011 to 2017. Polyp characteristics were extracted from these records using a natural language processing pipeline. The extracted features from these records along with other demographic and anthropometric information were used to develop and compare six machine learning models for their ability to predict polyp recurrence. Our evaluation of these models revealed a range of performance advantages, such as an area under the curve as high as 65%, and it further highlighted important features in predicting polyp recurrence from demographic and medical health record sources. Our predictive analysis highlights the potential of personalized risk modeling for colorectal cancer screening, which can reduce unnecessary screenings, healthcare costs, and psychological stress, while improving patient health outcomes.
On the Control Parameters of the Quasi-One Dimensional Superconductivity in Sc3CoC4.

A detailed analysis of structural, electronic, and vibrational properties of the low-temperature phase of Sc3CoC4, which is one of a few well-documented quasi one-dimensional superconductors, is presented.
Chemo- and Regioselective Functionalization of Isotactic Polypropylene: A Mechanistic and Structure-Property Study.

Polyolefins represent a high-volume class of polymers prized for their attractive thermomechanical properties, but the lack of chemical functionality on polyolefins makes them inadequate for many h...
Global-Scale Archaeological Prospection using CORONA Satellite Imagery: Automated, Crowd-Sourced, and Expert-led Approaches

Declassified CORONA satellite imagery, collected from 1960–1972 as part of the world’s first intelligence satellite program, provides nearly global, high-resolution, stereo imagery that predates ma...
HIDING IN PLAIN FILM: UNILATERAL PULMONARY EDEMA IN A YOUNG IV DRUG USER

Unilateral Pulmonary Edema (UPE) is a rare and dangerous but easily missed phenomenon occurring in less than 2% of cases of Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema. Its ability to disguise itself as other pathologies, including pneumonia, tend to lead to delays in treatment, making it an important differential
16 – Matrix Acidizing

Publisher Summary Matrix acidizing, also called acid matrix treatment, is a technique to stimulate wells for improving well inflow performance. In the treatment, acid solution is injected into the formation to dissolve some of the minerals to recover permeability of sandstones (removing skin) or increase permeability of carbonates near the wellbore. This chapter briefly presents chemistry of matrix acidizing and a guideline to acidizing design for both sandstone and carbonate formations. Minerals that are present in sandstone pores include montmorillonite (bentonite), kaolinite, calcite, dolomite, siderite, quartz, albite (sodium feldspar), orthoclase, and others. These minerals can be either from invasion of external fluid during drilling, cementing, and well completion or from host materials that exist in the naturally occurring rock formations. The most commonly used acids for dissolving these minerals are hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Manuka Honey Reduces NETosis on an Electrospun Template Within a Therapeutic Window

Manuka honey, a topical wound treatment used to eradicate bacteria, resolve inflammation, and promote wound healing, is a focus in the tissue engineering community as a tissue template additive. However, its effect on neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) on a tissue engineering template has yet to be examined. As NETosis has been implicated in chronic inflammation and fibrosis, the reduction in this response within the wound environment is of interest. In this study, Manuka honey was incorporated into electrospun templates with large (1.7-2.2 µm) and small (0.25-0.5 µm) diameter fibers at concentrations of 0.1%, 1%, and 10%. Template pore sizes and honey release profiles were quantified, and the effect on the NETosis response of seeded human neutrophils was examined through fluorescence imaging and myeloperoxidase (MPO) analysis. The incorporation of 0.1% and 1% Manuka honey decreased NETosis on the template surface at both 3 and 6 h, while 10% honey exacerbated the NETosis response. Additionally, 0.1% and 1% Manuka honey reduced the MMP-9 release of the neutrophils at both timepoints. These data indicate a therapeutic window for Manuka honey incorporation into tissue engineering templates for the reduction in NETosis. Future in vivo experimentation should be conducted to translate these results to a physiological wound environment.
Mesenchymal stromal cell remodeling of a gelatin hydrogel microenvironment defines an artificial hematopoietic stem cell niche

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow within discrete niches defined by a complex milieu of external signals including biophysical cues, bound and diffusible biomolecules, and heterotypic cell-cell interactions. Recent studies have shown the importance of autocrine-mediated feedback of cell-secreted signals and the interplay between matrix architecture and biochemical diffusion on hematopoietic stem cell activity. Autocrine and paracrine signaling from HSCs and niche-associated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have both been suggested to support HSC maintenance in vivo and in vitro. Here we report the development of a library of methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels to explore the balance between autocrine feedback and paracrine signals from co-encapsulated murine bone marrow MSCs on murine HSCs. The use of a degradable GelMA hydrogel enables the possibility for significant MSC-mediated remodeling, yielding dynamic shifts in the matrix environment surrounding HSCs. We identify a combination of an initially low-diffusivity hydrogel and a 1:1 HSPC:MSC seeding ratio as conducive to enhanced HSC population maintenance and quiescence. Further, gene expression and serial mechanical testing data suggests that MSC-mediated matrix remodeling is significant for the long-term HSC culture, reducing HSC autocrine feedback and potentially enhancing MSC-mediated signaling over 7-day culture in vitro. This work demonstrates the design of an HSC culture system that couples initial hydrogel properties, MSC co-culture, and concepts of dynamic reciprocity mediated by MSC remodeling to achieve enhanced HSC maintenance. One Sentence Summary Coupling effects of hydrogel biotransport, heterotypic cell culture, and matrix remodeling enhances hematopoietic stem cell culture and quiescence.
Indigenous Climate Knowledge in Southern Uganda: The Multiple Components of a Dynamic Regional System

Farmers in southern Uganda seek information to anticipate the interannual variability in the timing and amount of precipitation, a matter of great importance to them since they rely on rain-fed agriculture for food supplies and income. The four major components of their knowledge system are: (1) longstanding familiarity with the seasonal patterns of precipitation and temperature, (2) a set of local traditional climate indicators, (3) observation of meteorological events, (4) information about the progress of the seasons elsewhere in the region. We examine these components and show the connections among them. We discuss the social contexts in which this information is perceived, evaluated, discussed and applied, and we consider the cultural frameworks that support the use of this information. This system of indigenous knowledge leads farmers to participate as agents as well as consumers in programs that use modern climate science to plan for and adapt to climate variability and climate change.