cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
No sympathy for the devil

Abstract Pathogens are a significant driver of biodiversity loss. We examine two wildlife disease management strategies that have seen growing use, sometimes in combination: (i) trapping-and-culling infectious animals (disease control), and (ii) trapping-and-translocating healthy animals to a reserve, with possible future reintroduction. A reserve can improve conservation when there is no disease. But, when infection exists, we show investing in the reserve may counteract disease control. We find jointly pursuing both strategies is sub-optimal when the reserve is costly to maintain. Numerically, we examine management of Devil Facial Tumor Disease, which has generated extinction risks for Tasmanian Devils. Disease control (though not eradication) is generally part of an optimal strategy, although a reserve is also optimal if it can be maintained costlessly. This implies preserving the original population by addressing in situ conservation risks, rather than translocating animals to a reserve and giving up on the original population, is generally the first-best.
Kinase cascades regulating entry into apoptosis.

All cells are constantly exposed to conflicting environment cues that signal cell survival or cell death. Survival signals are delivered by autocrine or paracrine factors that actively suppress a default death pathway. In addition to survival factor withdrawal, cell death can be triggered by environmental stresses such as heat, UV light, and hyperosmolarity or by dedicated death receptors (e.g., FAS/APO-1 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF] receptors) that are counterparts of growth factor or survival receptors at the cell surface. One of the ways that cells integrate conflicting exogenous stimuli is by phosphorylation (or dephosphorylation) of cellular constituents by interacting cascades of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases (and phosphatases). Survival factors (e.g., growth factors and mitogens) activate receptor tyrosine kinases and selected mitogen-activated, cyclin-dependent, lipid-activated, nucleic acid-dependent, and cyclic AMP-dependent kinases to promote cell survival and proliferation, whereas environmental stress (or death factors such as FAS/APO-1 ligand and TNF-alpha) activates different members of these kinase families to inhibit cell growth and, under some circumstances, promote apoptotic cell death. Because individual kinase cascades can interact with one another, they are able to integrate conflicting exogenous stimuli and provide a link between cell surface receptors and the biochemical pathways leading to cell proliferation or cell death.
A PIK3C3–Ankyrin-B–Dynactin pathway promotes axonal growth and multiorganelle transport

Axon growth requires long-range transport of organelles, but how these cargoes recruit their motors and how their traffic is regulated are not fully resolved. In this paper, we identify a new pathway based on the class III PI3-kinase (PIK3C3), ankyrin-B (AnkB), and dynactin, which promotes fast axonal transport of synaptic vesicles, mitochondria, endosomes, and lysosomes. We show that dynactin associates with cargo through AnkB interactions with both the dynactin subunit p62 and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) lipids generated by PIK3C3. AnkB knockout resulted in shortened axon tracts and marked reduction in membrane association of dynactin and dynein, whereas it did not affect the organization of spectrin–actin axonal rings imaged by 3D-STORM. Loss of AnkB or of its linkages to either p62 or PtdIns(3)P or loss of PIK3C3 all impaired organelle transport and particularly retrograde transport in hippocampal neurons. Our results establish new functional relationships between PIK3C3, dynactin, and AnkB that together promote axonal transport of organelles and are required for normal axon length.
The multistrata nanoparticle: an FeOx/Au core/shell enveloped in a silica-Au shell.

nanoparticles, have been clinically assessed for tissue-specifi c photothermal therapy [ 12 ] optimized for in vivo use by design of the surface plasmonic properties of the nanomaterial. Unlike FeOx/Au nanoparticles, which have plasmonic extinction peaks in the visible spectrum, extinction peaks in the NIR (700‐1200 nm) can be achieved by control of the core/ shell thickness ratio of the silica/gold layers. Extinction peaks in the NIR allow for the optimal heating of subdermal tissue for photothermal therapy [ 19 ] and effi cient optical imaging. Harnessing the surface plasmon resonance properties of core/shell materials, the nanosphere-in-a-nanoshell (the “gold nanomatryushka”) [ 20 ] was synthesized and demonstrated
Optical characterizations and pursuit of optical closure for the western basin of Lake Erie through in situ measurements

ABSTRACT In situ measurements of inherent (IOPs) and apparent optical properties (AOPs), along with laboratory measurements of optically active constituents, were made at sites (n = 14) in western Lake Erie following a wind event to advance the characterization of the underwater and emergent light fields of these waters and to support related IOP-based model development and testing. Modern instrumentation was used to make spectral (wavelength,λ) measurements of the IOPs of absorption [a(λ)], particulate scattering ]bp(λ)], and particulate backscattering [bbp(λ)] coefficients, and the AOPs of remote sensing reflectance ]Rrs(λ)], and the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance [Kd(λ)], Optical closure analyses were conducted to demonstrate the credibility of the measurements, by comparing AOP observations to predictions based on radiative transfer expressions that utilized IOP measurements as inputs. Substantial spectral variations in a and its contributing components, and more modest wav...
Global self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and self-reported dieting in early adolescence.

Global self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and self-reported dieting are interrelated. In the current study, we examine the temporal ordering of global self-esteem and appearance satisfaction across the early adolescence transition, from age 10 to age 14, as well as the independent associations of self-esteem and appearance satisfaction on self-reported dieting at age 14. Participants were 130 firstborn European American adolescents (40% girls). Adolescents who were less satisfied with their appearance at age 10 reported declines in self-esteem from age 10 to age 14. Adolescents with lower global self-esteem at age 10 did not decline in appearance satisfaction. Girls, adolescents with higher BMI scores at age 10, and adolescents who were less satisfied with their appearance at age 14 all reported more frequent dieting at age 14. Implications for etiological and intervention models of eating problems in adolescence are considered.
Film growth precursor development for metal nitrides. Synthesis, structure, and volatility of molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) complexes containing bis(imido)metal fragments and various nitrogen donor ligands.

The molybdenum and tungsten complexes W2(NtBu)4(pz)4(pzH)·(C6H14)0.5 (pz = pyrazolate), M(NtBu)2(Me2pz)2(Me2pzH)2 (Me2pz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolate), M(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 (tBu2pz = 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolate), M2(NtBu)4(Me2pz)2Cl2, W(NtBu)2(C2N3(iPr)2)2py2, M(NtBu)2-(CN4CF3)2py2, and W(NtBu)2(PhNNNPh)2 were prepared by various synthetic routes from the starting materials Mo(NtBu)2Cl2, W(NtBu)2(NHtBu)2, and W(NtBu)2Cl2py2. These new complexes were characterized by spectral and analytical methods and by X-ray crystal structure determinations. The volatilities and thermal stabilities were evaluated to determine the potential of the new complexes for use in thin film growth of metal nitride films. Mo(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 and W(NtBu)2(tBu2pz)2 were found to have the optimum combination of volatility and thermal stability for application in atomic layer deposition thin film growth procedures.
Actinomycetes, Cyanobacteria and Algae

The actinomycetes or “ray fungi” are wide-spread, Gram-positive eubacteria belonging to the Actinomycetales, a large order that consists of approximately 60 genera. Genera of special interest include Streptomyces, many species of which produce antibiotics and other useful metabolites, as well as Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, and Nocardia (Logan, 1994).
The EPA's Faustian Bargain

When Congress faces a controversial choice about pollution, it generally follows a two-step plan: announce some lofty goal but not explain how the goal is to be achieved, then outsource the rulemaking to the EPA or some other federal agency so that the legislators can claim credit for protecting health while the agency bears the inevitable blame for delays, disappointments, and costs. This arrangement is a Faustian bargain for the EPA; the agency gets some power in the deal, but it is exposed to criticisms both for failing to make rules strenuous enough to protect public health and for making rules so strenuous that they are excessively costly. The EPA should decline this bargain and force Congress to make the hard decisions that it is empowered to make.
Homer in Pisidia: Aspects of the History of Greek Education in a remote Roman Province

In the pantheon of poets of all cultures and ages, Homer (however we respond to the ‘Homeric Question’) has a unique place. His primacy is due to the fact that his two epic poems encapsulated Hellenic culture, both for the Greeks themselves, and for others steeped in the ‘European tradition’ whether in antiquity or in subsequent ages. So much is this the case that the very name ‘Homer’ became an abstraction, summing up what it was to be Hellenic. All literature written by Greeks, in the Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, and Imperial periods, and much that was produced by others (including in Latin), looks back to the Iliad and the Odyssey, takes its rise from them, finds its locus in them. A canonicity was conferred on these poems such as on no other Greek text in equal degree. If Shakespeare was representative of an entire age in one culture, Homer summed up a culture itself.
Observations on Radiation-Induced Lymphoid Tumors of Mice.

See related article by Kaplan, [Cancer Research 1947;7:141–7][1] . Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary [timeline][2]. Here we highlight Dr. Henry S. Kaplan's article, “Observations On Radiation-Induced Lymphoid Tumors Of Mice,” published in the March 1947 issue of Cancer Research ([1
The Climate Cools

A still cooler climate in the country—Pliocene and sub-Pliocene times—Fossils of previous ages—Reflections—Evidence of a former union more or less perfect, of the northern hemisphere—Trees found by Sir Robert McClure and others, a post-glacial growth.
A Communication Intervention to Reduce Resistiveness in Dementia Care: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose of the Study Nursing home (NH) residents with dementia exhibit challenging behaviors or resistiveness to care (RTC) that increase staff time, stress, and NH costs. RTC is linked to elderspeak communication. Communication training (Changing Talk [CHAT]) was provided to staff to reduce their use of elderspeak. We hypothesized that CHAT would improve staff communication and subsequently reduce RTC. Methods Thirteen NHs were randomized to intervention and control groups. Dyads (n = 42) including 29 staff and 27 persons with dementia were videorecorded during care before and/or after the intervention and at a 3-month follow-up. Videos were behaviorally coded for (a) staff communication (normal, elderspeak, or silence) and (b) resident behaviors (cooperative or RTC). Linear mixed modeling was used to evaluate training effects. Results On average, elderspeak declined from 34.6% (SD = 18.7) at baseline by 13.6% points (SD = 20.00) post intervention and 12.2% points (SD = 22.0) at 3-month follow-up. RTC declined from 35.7% (SD = 23.2) by 15.3% points (SD = 32.4) post intervention and 13.4% points (SD = 33.7) at 3 months. Linear mixed modeling determined that change in elderspeak was predicted by the intervention (b = -12.20, p = .028) and baseline elderspeak (b = -0.65, p < .001), whereas RTC change was predicted by elderspeak change (b = 0.43, p < .001); baseline RTC (b = -0.58, p < .001); and covariates. Implications A brief intervention can improve communication and reduce RTC, providing an effective nonpharmacological intervention to manage behavior and improve the quality of dementia care. No adverse events occurred.
Hearing Aid Benefit in Patients with Mild Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review

Background: Untreated sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is associated with chronic health-care conditions, isolation, loneliness, and reduced quality of life. Although hearing aids can minimize the negative effects of SNHL, only about one in five persons with SNHL seeks help for communication problems. Many persons wait 10 yr or more from the time they first notice a problem before pursuing amplification. Further, little information about the benefits of amplification is available for persons with mild SNHL (MSNHL), who likely defer treatment even longer. Purpose: To conduct a systematic review to weigh the evidence regarding benefits derived from the use of amplification by adults with MSNHL. Research Design: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Study Sample: Adult hearing aid wearers with bilateral average pure-tone thresholds ≤45 dB HL at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. Data Collection and Analysis: PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied-Health Literature, Cochrane Collaboration, and Google Scholar were searched independently by the authors during September 2013. The authors used a consensus approach to assess the quality and extract data for the meta-analysis. Results: Of 106 articles recovered for full-text review, only 10 met inclusion criteria (at least Level IV of evidence and involved and reported separate pre-/postfitting hearing aid outcomes for patients with MSNHL). Included studies involved mainly middle-aged to elderly patients using hearing aids of various styles and circuitry. Results from all of the studies indicated positive benefits from amplification for patients with MSNHL. Data from five studies were suitable for a meta-analysis, which produced a small-to-medium effect size of 0.85 (95% confidence intervals = 0.44–1.25) after adjusting for a small publication bias. This evidence confirmed benefits from the use of amplification in adults with MSNHL. Conclusions: Evidence exists supporting the notion that adults with MSNHL benefit from hearing aids. This information is important and useful to audiologists, patients, and third-party payers, even considering that most of the studies in this systematic review were limited, somewhat dated, and used analog and early digital technology available when the studies were conducted. Clinical recommendations may be even stronger as future studies become available for patients fit with modern styles and high-technology hearing aids.
RNAi AND EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF A GENE OsCSLD4,WHICH CONTROLS PLANT NARROW AND ROLLED LEAF IN RICE

Based on the cloned gene OsCSLD4,a 500bp OsCSLD4 cDNA fragment was inserted into the binary vector pANDA35HK to generate the transformation vector pANDAH05 for RNA interference by Gateway System.The two vectors,pANDAH05 and pANDA35HK(control),were introduced into rataria of Nipponbare by Agrobacterium tumefaciens(EHA105) mediated transformation,respectively.RNAi plants designed to repress OsCSLD4 displayed the reduced leaf width,semi-rolling and different extent of dwarfism.Real-time PCR analysis indicated that the expression of target gene from transgenic plant was lower than that of the Nipponbare.These results indicated that OsCSLD4 played an important role in leaf morphogenesis and development in rice.
Design of the detecting system in the inner valve leakage based on acoustics

Based on the study of the inner valve leakage and the sound emission characteristic which comes from the leakage on flow,the portable acoustic detector has been developed.According to the detection of the spectrums of the inner valve leakage and the estimation of the amount of inner valve leakage,the paper expatiates the inner valve leakage of the detection system.In the system two piezoelectric sensors are used to collect the acoustic signals,at the same time,the system analyses the spectrum using DSP technique and it can perform the arithmetic operation of subtraction in the leakage charts.So it realizes the effectual detection of tiny leakage.
Happiness and Education: Preparing for Work

The activities involved in making a living can bring us happiness, misery, or boredom. John Dewey said: An occupation is the only thing which balances the distinctive capacity of an individual with his social service. To find out what one is fitted to do and to secure an opportunity to do it is the key to happiness. Finding the right occupation is certainly one key to happiness. But how is it found? How much choice does an individual have in the matter? What sort of authority should the school system exercise in guiding the choice? In the past few decades, schools have been driven by economic purposes and by a social commitment to remove long-standing inequalities. Both of these purposes have been misinterpreted, distorted, and actively pursued without careful analysis. We seem to have forgotten entirely that work and happiness might be connected at a level deeper than the economic. In their zeal to give every student an academic education, schools today neglect those students whose chosen work may not require a college education. However, they also neglect genuine intellectual interest — an interest that, if cultivated, may enrich both occupational and personal life. Intellectual topics centered on home, place, parenting, character, spirit, and interpersonal relations have already been discussed in appropriate contexts. In a section of this chapter, I address the cultivation of intellect in those who have special intellectual interests. Intellectual interests, like all special interests, should be respected and promoted.
Rank-Based Analysis of Linear Models and Beyond: A Review

In the 1940s Wilcoxon, Mann and Whitney, and others began the development of rank based methods for basic one and two sample models. Over the years a multitude of papers have been written extending the use of ranks to more and more complex models. In the late 60s and early 70s Jureckova and Jaeckel along with others provided the necessary asymptotic machinery to develop rank based estimates in the linear model. Geometrically Jaeckel’s fit of linear model is the minimization of the distance between the vector of responses and the column space of the design matrix where the norm is not the squared-Euclidean norm but a norm that leads to robust fitting. Beginning with his 1975 thesis, Joe McKean has worked with many students and coauthors to develop a unified approach to data analysis (model fitting, inference, diagnostics, and computing) based on ranks. This approach includes the linear model and various extensions, for example multivariate models and models with dependent error structure such as mixed models, time series models, and longitudinal data models. Moreover, McKean and Kloke have developed R libraries to implement this methodology. This paper reviews the development of this methodology. Along the way we will illustrate the surprising ubiquity of ranks throughout statistics.
Developing a simple, modern and cost effective system for EMC pre-compliance measurements of conducted emissions

Reliability and safety of critical industrial processes depend on EMC of electronic equipments for ensuring signals integrity. Increasing complexity and quantity of power converters in industrial facilities state the challenge for efficient and fast testing for EMC compliance. This paper proposes a novel combination of EMC testing equipment for pre-compliance testing when EMC test sites are either unavailable or not appropriately priced for the given application. The proposed methods use modern data acquisition and processing equipment to allow a rapid development of hardware and software for in-house or out-in-the-field pre-compliance testing.
Comparison of Self-reported and Measured Pre-pregnancy Weight: Implications for Gestational Weight Gain Counseling

Objectives To examine clinical and demographic characteristics associated with availability of self-reported and measured pre-pregnancy weight, differences in these parameters, and characteristics associated with self-report accuracy. Methods Retrospective cohort of 7483 women who delivered at a large academic medical center between 2011 and 2014. Measured pre-pregnancy weights recorded within a year of conception and self-reported pre-pregnancy weights reported anytime during pregnancy were abstracted from electronic medical records. Difference in weights was calculated as self-reported minus measured pre-pregnancy weight. Logistic and linear regression models estimated associations between demographic and clinical characteristics, and presence of self-reported and measured weights, and weight differences. Results 42.2% of women had both self-reported and measured pre-pregnancy weight, 49.7% had only self-reported, and 2.8% had only measured. Compared to white women, black women and women of other races/ethnicities were less likely to have self-reported weight, and black, Asian, and Hispanic women, and women of other races/ethnicities were less likely to have measured weights. For 85%, pre-pregnancy BMI categorized by self-reported and measured weights were concordant. Primiparas and multiparas were more likely to underreport their weight compared to nulliparas (b = -1.32 lbs, 95% CI -2.24 to -0.41 lbs and b = -2.74 lbs, 95% CI -3.82 to -1.67 lbs, respectively). Discussion Utilization of self-reported or measured pre-pregnancy weight for pre-pregnancy BMI classification results in identical categorization for the majority of women. Providers may wish to account for underreporting for patients with a BMI close to category cutoff by recommending a range of gestational weight gain that falls within recommendations for both categories where feasible.
Revisiting the legal infrastructure for the confiscation of Armenian and Greek wealth: an analysis of the CUP years and the early modern Republic

Properties belonging to Ottoman Armenians and Greeks were seized through various laws, decrees and other legal regulations passed by the Committee of Union and Progress (hereafter CUP) government, ...
Persecution of Homosexuals in the McCarthy Hearings: A History of Homosexuality in Postwar America and McCarthyism

The postwar years were a time of great changes for homosexuals in the United States. The conjunction of the fear and anxiety of the first Cold War years, negative stereotypes held as scientific truths explaining homosexuality, and the greater awareness people had about the existence of gays and lesbians resulted in an environment of misunderstanding and persecution. Within this environment, positive scientific contributions toward the understanding of homosexuality such as Kinsey's report were twisted to fit the larger societal preconceptions, and even influenced the creation of legislation aimed at eradicating homosexuals from the government.
Abstract 17115: Airway Anomalies and Respiratory Factors Significantly Impact Post-operative Intensive Care Management in Patients With Trisomy 13 and 18 Following Cardiac Surgery

Introduction: Congenital heart disease is common in individuals with trisomy 13 and 18 (T13/18). While excellent survival after cardiac surgery is reported, there are limited data describing the im...
Green roof thermal buffering: Insights derived from fixed and portable monitoring equipment

Abstract Thermal buffering of the 27,316 m2 Jacob K. Javits Convention Center Green Roof (JJCC Green Roof) was investigated in the field, as well as in the laboratory in order to determine its ability to insulate a building. An instrumented replica of the green roof cross section was developed to elucidate the inner-workings of the system. During the course of a year a total of twelve field monitoring campaigns were conducted to measure temperatures with 249 images collected at sixteen different locations (eight exterior and eight interior). During this first sequence of measurements, the north green roof had already been completed, while the south green roof was gradually being installed. Additional field imaging was performed on two separate days in August (on 08/08/15, 08/22/15), and on one day in January (on 01/22/16) between sunrise and sunset (generating an additional 850 images). To isolate the thermal performance of individual components of the roof structure, a physical model of the roof was constructed in a laboratory, instrumented with thermistors, and subjected to a heat lamp. A one-dimensional heat conduction model was used to investigate physical relationships revealed by the field and laboratory observations, and represents the experimental data well. The results indicate that the construction of the green roof significantly reduces heat flux through the convention center roof. The mean internal and external temperatures on the north and south sections of the roof on the first monitoring day (when the north green roof was complete, but the south green roof had not yet been installed) and the last monitoring day (when both north and south green roof sections were complete) are provided to support the insulating value of the green roof layers. The mean exterior temperature on the south roof on the first day of monitoring was 53.9 °C and 37 °C on the north roof. The mean exterior temperature on the south roof on the last day of monitoring was 24 °C and the north roof 28 °C.
Stripe Rust Epidemiology

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is a polycyclic disease and its epidemic is mainly dependent upon the disease development rate. Although the pathogen has a heteroecious macrocyclic lifecycle that consists of five spore stages, it almost completely reproduces asexually on its primary hosts of cereal crops and auxiliary hosts of wild grasses. The primary inoculum to cause epidemics on cereal crops is mainly from cereal crops, volunteer plants and grasses. Urediniospores can be disseminated by wind for long distance, and also can be carried on clothes and shoes for unintended introduction. The fungus can survive summer and/or winter as mycelium in host tissue for months and/or as viable urediniospores in the air or host surface for different length of time in different regions depending upon environmental conditions. Stripe rust epidemics are affected by various crop and environmental factors, especially host factors such as cultivar susceptibility and cropping systems, and weather factors such as moisture and temperature. Various models for predicting stripe rust have been developed in different regions of the world based on weather factors or the combination of weather factors and cultivar susceptibility. These models have different degrees of usefulness in the disease management.
Occupational Therapy Within an Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Program: Outcomes for People Living With Chronic Stroke

Date Presented 4/1/2017This poster presents findings from a study that supports inclusion of occupational therapy in an intensive, comprehensive aphasia program to increase performance of and satisfaction with valued occupations focusing on instrumental activities of daily living, leisure, work, and
Super-Eddington stellar winds: Unifying radiative-enthalpy versus flux-driven models

We derive semi-analytic solutions for optically thick, super-Eddington stellar winds, induced by an assumed steady energy addition $\Delta {\dot E}$ concentrated around a near-surface heating radius $R$ in a massive star of central luminosity $L_\ast$. We show that obtaining steady wind solutions requires both that the resulting total luminosity $L_o = L_\ast + \Delta {\dot E}$ exceed the Eddington luminosity, $\Gamma_o \equiv L_o/L_{Edd} > 1$, and that the induced mass loss rate be such that the "photon-tiring" parameter $m \equiv {\dot M} GM/R L_o \le 1-1/\Gamma_o$, ensuring the luminosity is sufficient to overcome the gravitational potential $GM/R$. Our analysis unifies previous super-Eddington wind models that either: (1) assumed a direct radiative flux-driving without accounting for the advection of radiative enthalpy that can become important in such an optically thick flow; or (2) assumed that such super-Eddington outflows are adiabatic, neglecting the effects of the diffusive radiative flux. We show that these distinct models become applicable in the asymptotic limits of small vs. large values of $m \Gamma_o $, respectively. By solving the coupled differential equations for radiative diffusion and wind momentum, we obtain general solutions that effectively bridge the behaviours of these limiting models. Two key scaling results are for the terminal wind speed to escape speed, which is found to vary as $v_\infty^2/v_{esc}^2 = \Gamma_o/(1+m \Gamma_o) -1$, and for the final observed luminosity $L_{ obs}$, which for all allowed steady-solutions with $m L_{Edd}$. Our super-Eddington wind solutions have potential applicability for modeling phases of eruptive mass loss from massive stars, classical novae, and the remnants of stellar mergers.
Toxicities Associated with Docetaxel-Based Regimens in the Adjuvant Treatment of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Prospective Real-Life Experience.

Background: The present study reports on the efficacy and safety of adjuvant docetaxel in real-life patients with early-stage breast cancer. Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter, post-marketing study that evaluates the efficacy and safety of docetaxel-based regimens in patients with early breast cancer treated between 2007 and 2012. Results: A total of 698 female breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant docetaxel-based regimens were included in this study. Docetaxel monotherapy was administered in 4.2%, whilst most patients received polychemotherapy. Non-hematological adverse events included skin reactions in 32.7% of the subjects. Multiple adverse events were reported and most commonly included asthenia (66.5%), alopecia (43.4%), and diarrhea (24.2%). It is noteworthy that no fatal toxicities occurred. Several hematological adverse events were reported during treatment, with anemia being the most common. Conclusion: The results of this real-life experience, characterized by a relatively large sample size and long follow-up, confirm that docetaxel is effective and well tolerated in early-stage breast cancer patients.
Race in Educational Researcher: A Technical Comment on Li and Koedel (2017):

Li and Koedel’s (2017) use of “appearance measures” disregards a long history of research on race and ethnicity and sets research with diverse participants back several decades. Race is not biologi...
Encouraging Employer Involvement in Youth Apprenticeship and Other Work-Based Learning Experiences for High School Students

Young people planning to enter the workforce may derive considerable benefit from school-supervised work-based learning programs such as youth apprenticeship. While many educators recognize the value of such experience, few employers have seemed enthusiastic about becoming involved in such programs. It is proposed that employer involvement in school-to-work transition could be enhanced by innovations in both governmental and non-governmental policies and programs. It is suggested that several dimensions be kept in mind when designing incentives: type of workplace, policy level, government versus non-government, size of participating employers, motivations of business participants, and rewarding existing programs versus building paths to partnership. Policy recommendations are made regarding tax credits, federal funding through JTPA, use of labor market projections, general student assessment, involvement of national business organizations, development of school and small business coalitions, and curriculum design.
Optimizing Robotic Team Performance with Probabilistic Model Checking

We present an approach to analytically construct a robotic team, i.e., team members and deployment order, that achieves a specific task with quantified probability of success. We assume that each robot is Markovian, and that robots interact with each other via communication only. Our approach is based on probabilistic model checking (PMC). We first construct a set of Discrete Time Markov Chains (DTMCs) that each capture a specific "projection" of the behavior of an individual robot. Next, given a specific team, we construct the DTMC for its behavior by combining the projection DTMCs appropriately. Finally, we use PMC to evaluate the performance of the team. This procedure is repeated for multiple teams, the best one is selected. In practice, the projection DTMCs are constructed by observing the behavior of individual robots a finite number of times, which introduces an error in our results. We present an approach  based on sampling using the Dirichlet distribution  to quantify this error. We prove the correctness of our approach formally, and also validate it empirically on a mine detection task by a team of communicating Kilobots.
The possibility of interferon production in tumors.

Endotoxin* injected into tumor bearing animals and humans may result in regression or even elimination of the tumor(1,2). Endotoxin alsc causes release of host products, including interferon(3), an antiviral factor which also has effects on tumor cell replication invitro and invivo in animals and possible humans(4), and tumor necrosing factor (TNF), which may be the basis for direct injury to the tumor(5).
From local to regional : evolution of three multi-use trails in Northeast Iowa

viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Opening Vignette: Local Treasures 1 1.2 Multi-use Trails 2 1.3 Trail Benefits 3 1.4 Regional Trail Planning 4 1.5 Research Problem 5 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 9 2.1 Qualitative Research 9 2.2 Case Study Approach 9 2.3 Case Selection 11 2.4 Data Collection 12 2.5 Participant Interviews 14 2.6 Data Analysis 17 CHAPTER 3: CASE DESCRIPTIONS 20 3.1 Project Study Area 20 3.2 Wapsi-Great Western Line Trail (WGWLT) 21 3.3 Prairie Farmer Recreational Trail (PFRT) 30 3.4 Trout Run Trail (TRT) 39 3.5 Regional Trail Development 47 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION 52 4.1 Data Analysis 52 4.2 Major Actors 54 4.3 Themes 60 4.4 Trail Planning Influences 85 4.5 Study Limitations 91 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS 93 5.1 Research Summary 93 5.2 Implications for Planning 95 5.3 Reflections 100 5.4 Closing Vignette: Regional Rendezvous 101
Developmental regulation of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1c receptor gene expression in rat brain.

Serotonin signals in neurons are transduced by a large and rapidly growing family of receptors. To date, four principal types of serotonin receptor have been identified, designated 5-HT1-5-HT4. 5-HT1 receptors have high (nanomolar) affinity for serotonin. Three 5-HT1 subtypes have been identified by molecular cloning: 5-HT1a (Fargin et al. 1988; Albert et al. 1990), 5-HT1c (Julius et al. 1988), and 5HT1d. In addition, 5-HT1b and 5-HT1e receptors have been characterized pharmacologically, but their sequences have not yet been deduced from cloned cDNAs. The members of the 5-HT1 family are all G protein linked receptors; the 5-HT1a (DeVivo and Maayani 1985), 5-HT1b (Ariani et al. 1989), and 5-HT1d (Peroutka 1988) receptors are coupled to adenylyl cyclase inhibitory (Gi) proteins, while the 5-HT1c receptor is coupled to phospholipase C through a Gp protein (Conn et al. 1986).
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in local-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A National Cancer Database analysis.

Objectives/hypothesis To assess patterns of care and outcomes with the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive radiation in local-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Study design Retrospective database analysis. Methods We queried the National Cancer Database for patients with T3-4N2 or T1-4N3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, propensity-score matching, and a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for demographic and disease-specific prognostic factors. Results From 2004 to 2014, a total of 1,731 patients were identified, including 504 patients (27%) who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used more frequently in years 2008 to 2010 (34%) and 2011 to 2014 (30%) compared with 2004 to 2007 (22%) (χ2 P = .001). At a median follow-up of 36.6 months, patients had 3-year OS of 66% in the neoadjuvant group compared with 70% in those who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (log rank P = .29). On subgroup analysis by histology, T stage, and N stage, there remained no differences in OS between the two groups. On multivariable analysis, there was no significant survival difference associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-1.25, P = .54). In a propensity score-matched population of 1,008 patients (504 with neoadjuvant therapy and 504 without), there was no significant survival difference associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (H: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.93-1.38, P = .22). Conclusions Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used in over 25% of patients, and its use is increasing. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not associated with any differences in survival compared to concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 128:2770-2777, 2018.
Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical Systems: Implementation in MATLAB® and SimMechanics®

Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical Systems: Implementation in MATLAB® and SimMechanics®, Second Edition combines the fundamentals of mechanism kinematics, synthesis, statics and dynamics with real-world applications, and offers step-by-step instruction on the kinematic, static, and dynamic analyses and synthesis of equation systems. Written for students with no working knowledge of MATLAB and SimMechanics, the text provides understanding of static and dynamic mechanism analysis, and moves beyond conventional kinematic concepts—factoring in adaptive programming, 2D and 3D visualization, and simulation, and equips readers with the ability to analyze and design mechanical systems. This latest edition presents all of the breadth and depth as the past edition, but with updated theoretical content and much improved integration of MATLAB and SimMechanics in the text examples. Features: Fully integrates MATLAB and SimMechanics with treatment of kinematics and machine dynamics Revised to modify all 300 end-of-chapter problems, with new solutions available for instructors Formulated static & dynamic load equations, and MATLAB files, to include gravitational acceleration Adds coverage of gear tooth forces and torque equations for straight bevel gears Links text examples directly with a library of MATLAB and SimMechanics files for all users
Mucinous cystic neoplasm diagnosed by EUS-guided microforceps biopsy.

Background and study aims Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of the pancreas have malignant potential. Current methods for diagnosing MCNs are inadequate. The aim of this case series is to present a novel method for establishing the diagnosis of MCNs. Clinical information from three patients seen at our institution was collected for a case series presentation. Patients were selected retrospectively based on diagnostic results. Three patients were diagnosed with MCNs based on histopathology obtained via microforceps biopsy. Evolving tissue acquisition techniques, such as microforceps intracystic biopsy, have improved the diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS).
Willingness to Change Medications Linked to Increased Fall Risk: A Comparison between Age Groups.

Objective To describe and compare two age groups' knowledge of medications linked to falls and willingness to change these medications to reduce their fall risk. Method We analyzed data from community-dwelling adults age 55 and older (n = 1812): 855 adults aged 55 to 64 years and 957 older adults (65 and older) who participated in the 2016 summer wave of the ConsumerStyles survey, an annual Web-based survey. The data are weighted to match the US Current Population Survey proportions on nine US Census Bureau demographic characteristics. Measurements Survey respondents were asked about medication use, knowledge of side effects, their willingness to change their medications to reduce fall risk, communication in the previous year about fall risk with their healthcare provider, and their comfort in discussing fall risk with their healthcare provider. All data were weighted to match the 2016 population estimates. Descriptive statistics and χ2 (p ≤ .05) were used to identify differences between the two age groups. Results About one-fifth of all respondents reported using at least one class of medication that increases fall risk. Older adults were less likely to report using medications for mood or sadness, less likely to report knowing the side effects of pain medications, and more willing to change their sleep medications compared with their younger counterparts. Among all respondents using these medication classes, less than one-third knew the potential fall-related side effects. However, most of them expressed willingness to change their medication if advised by their healthcare provider. Conclusion Most older adults were unaware of potential fall risks associated with medications prescribed to address pain, difficulty sleeping, mood or sadness, and anxiety- or nervousness-related health issues. However, most were willing to change their medication if recommended by a healthcare provider. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:527-533, 2019.
Revising a constrained 2-Class attributes sampling plan when laboratory methods are changed

Abstract The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) implemented a 2-class attributes sampling plan for Campylobacter (i.e., a performance standard) for comminuted chicken based on a 1 mL direct plating assay. The performance standard specified only one allowable positive out of 52 samples. This paper explores an alternative performance standard that is based on an assay with a lower limit of detection (i.e., 30 mL instead of 1 mL) but that continues to meet the same objectives as the original standard. A multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied to determine a new number of allowable Campylobacter positives based on a 30 mL enrichment assay, such that the new performance standard would meet the public health and regulatory cost objectives of the original direct plating standard. Two scenarios are considered. Scenario one assumes there was no change in pathogen occurrence since the original 1 mL performance standard was implemented. For Scenario one, the new number of allowable positives (five) that minimizes the objective function also reflects a naive expectation based on the ratio of the mean prevalence levels from 30 mL and 1 mL data. Scenario two considers the implications of a change in pathogen occurrence since the original 1 mL performance standard was implemented. This latter approach demonstrates the complications of reconciling the dynamics of industry distributions while referencing performance standards derived from past data.
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are well-described drivers of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become key components of the NSCLC front-line treatment landscape. Tumors inevitably develop resistance to these agents, and development efforts continue to focus on identifying mechanisms of resistance and drugs to target these mechanisms. Areas covered: With several EGFR TKIs approved for use in the first-line or in later-line settings, an understanding of the efficacy and safety of these inhibitors in various populations is warranted. Furthermore, given the frequent emergence of drug resistance in NSCLC, examination of tumor tissue throughout the disease course provides the opportunity to select treatments based on the tumor's mutation profile. Here, we discuss: key efficacy and safety findings for approved and investigational EGFR TKIs; known mechanisms of resistance, particularly the T790M acquired EGFR mutation; and recent advances in EGFR mutational testing that may facilitate less invasive tissue testing and guide treatment selection. Expert commentary: The expanding armamentarium of EGFR TKIs, improvements in the understanding of resistance mechanisms and technological developments in the molecular analysis of tumors may help render EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC a chronic disease in many patients by facilitating optimal sequential therapy.
MicroRNAs in Plants: Key Findings from the Early Years.

Just two decades ago, the study of small RNAs (sRNAs) in plants had barely begun. Seminal articles published from 2000 to 2003 described a specific class of sRNAs, the microRNAs (miRNAs; typically 21 or 22 nucleotides in length), found in both animals and plants. Several of these articles came out
Cell polarity oscillations in mitotic epithelia

Epithelial organization and function depend on coordinated cell polarity. In developing tissues, proliferative epithelia maintain whole tissue polarity as individual cells undergo symmetric divisions. However, recent work has shown that cells in diverse epithelia remodel their polarity in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Here, we discuss the different mechanisms that drive mitotic polarity oscillations and their implications for tissue morphogenesis.
Injection laryngoplasty in infants with unilateral vocal cord paralysis: A survey of ASPO members.

Abstract Introduction Unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) in infants may be managed medically or surgically, with the latter including injection laryngoplasty (IL). However, there is limited information regarding injection laryngoplasty in infants. We therefore proposed a survey of American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) members to elucidate current practices, outcomes, and complications. Methods An online survey was distributed to all 548 ASPO members via email. The survey was closed for data analysis 2 months after initial distribution. Statistical analysis was deferred due to the primarily descriptive nature of the data and lack of comparative studies. Results We received 113 responses for a response rate of 20.6%. Only 31% of the respondents (n = 36) reported performing IL in infants 12 months old or younger. The most commonly cited reasons for not injecting in this age group were preference for non-surgical management and concern for increased risk of airway obstruction. IL was most commonly performed to treat persistent aspiration despite attempts at medical management. The majority (66%) reported no complications, while the remainder noted stridor requiring intensive care unit observation. Re-intubation due to airway obstruction occurred in 6% (n = 2 of 33). Carboxymethylcellulose gel (Prolaryn Gel) was the most commonly used injectable material, but a variety of other materials were used as well. Two respondents noted they perform reinnervation procedures in children, but not in infants, as they require at least a 12 month period of observation for possible spontaneous recovery before considering the option. Discussion There is limited data regarding management of UVCP in infants with IL, and considerable variation among those who do perform the procedure. While adverse events are rare, multi-institutional studies should be considered to help determine best practices.