cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Population-based Latent Variable Approach for Association Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci

A population-based latent variable approach is proposed for association mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL), using multiple closely linked genetic markers within a small candidate region in the genome. By incorporating QTL as latent variables into a penetrance model, the QTL are flexible to characterize either alleles at putative trait loci or potential risk haplotypes/sub-haplotypes of the markers. Under a general likelihood framework, we develop an EM-based algorithm to estimate genetic effects of the QTL and haplotype frequencies of the QTL and markers jointly. Closed form solutions derived in the maximization step of the EM procedure for updating the joint haplotype frequencies of QTL and markers can effectively reduce the computational intensity. Various association measures between QTL and markers can then be derived from the haplotype frequencies of markers and used to infer QTL positions. The likelihood ratio statistic also provides a joint test for association between a quantitative trait and marker genotypes without requiring adjustment for the multiple testing. Extensive simulation studies are performed to evaluate the approach.
Quantifying and Recommending Expertise When New Skills Emerge

In the rapidly changing technological world of today, new technical areas emerge quickly, and new skills related to them garner high demand. In this paper, our goal is to recommend experts for new skills and skill topics. We propose multiple predictive models to utilize data from different enterprise sources: employee assessment data, free-text skill description data, and employee tags from corporate social media. These models include collaborative filtering, content-based, and novel hybrid recommendation approaches. We apply them in an empirical study of real-world corporate data, in which we compare and contrast the models to gain insight on the drivers of performance. The considered data is both structured and unstructured, messy, subjective, and incomplete. The central theme of the paper is to understand how to use data from different sources and what each data source contributes in the expertise management domain.
Murine portal vein catheterization to analyze liver-directed therapies.

Abstract Background Small interfering RNA (siRNA) provides a highly selective method to target mutated pathways; however, its use is complicated by specific delivery to tumor cells. The aims of the present study were to develop a novel murine model of portal vein catheterization for the chronic delivery of therapeutic agents to liver metastases, determine the benefits of local delivery of siRNA to liver metastases, and determine the utility of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) as a selective target for siRNA delivery to colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases. Materials and methods First, portal vein catheterization was performed through a midline laparotomy in 2 mo-old Balb/C mice. Second, the portal venous flow distribution and catheter patency were evaluated using fluorescent-labeled microspheres. Metastatic studies were performed by splenic injection of CT26 murine colon cancer cells. Uptake of DY-547-labeled siRNA was assessed by IVIS imaging, with delivery to the metastases confirmed using fluorescent microscopy. Finally, EpCAM expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining of human tissue microarrays. Results Successful portal vein catheterization was confirmed by saline injection and ultrasound. Fluorescent imaging of microspheres confirmed excellent distribution and catheter patency. Portal venous injection of DY547-labeled siRNA demonstrated a high level of fluorescence throughout the liver, with siRNA also identified within the liver metastases. Also, all primary CRCs and liver metastases stained strongly for EpCAM, with no expression in normal hepatocytes. Conclusions Liver-directed therapy can provide the selective delivery of siRNA to CRC metastases. EpCAM expression in CRC, but not normal liver, could further selectively target hepatic metastases of epithelial origin.
Circulating Antibodies in Vitamin-Deficiency States: I. Pyridoxin, Riboflavin, and Pantothenic Acid Deficiencies.

Summary1. Hemagglutinin production in response to inoculation with human erythrocytes has been investigated in pyridoxin, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin-deficient rats. 2. Severe impairment of an...
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING—AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE

(1986). BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING—AN UNCERTAIN FUTURE. Chemical Engineering Communications: Vol. 45, No. 1-6, pp. 15-18.
Identification of a Novel Macrophage Phenotype That Develops in Response to Atherogenic Phospholipids via Nrf2

Rationale: Macrophages change their phenotype and biological functions depending on the microenvironment. In atherosclerosis, oxidative tissue damage accompanies chronic inflammation; however, macrophage phenotypic changes in response to oxidatively modified molecules are not known. Objective: To examine macrophage phenotypic changes in response to oxidized phospholipids that are present in atherosclerotic lesions. Methods and Results: We show that oxidized phospholipid-treated murine macrophages develop into a novel phenotype (Mox) that is strikingly different from the conventional M1 and M2 macrophage phenotypes. Compared to M1 and M2, Mox macrophages show a different gene expression pattern, as well as decreased phagocytotic and chemotactic capacity. Treatment with oxidized phospholipids induces both M1 and M2 macrophages to switch to the Mox phenotype. Whole-genome expression array analysis and subsequent gene ontology clustering revealed that the Mox phenotype was characterized by abundant overrepresentation of Nrf2-mediated expression of redox-regulatory genes. In macrophages isolated from Nrf2 −/− mice, oxidized phospholipid-induced gene expression and regulation of redox status were compromised. Moreover, we found that Mox macrophages comprise 30% of all macrophages in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR −/− ) mice. Conclusions: Together, we identify Nrf2 as a key regulator in the formation of a novel macrophage phenotype (Mox) that develops in response to oxidative tissue damage. The unique biological properties of Mox macrophages suggest this phenotype may play an important role in atherosclerotic lesion development as well as in other settings of chronic inflammation.
The Renaissance of Law in the Law of Oil and Gas: The Contract Dimension

This article is a critical examination of the discipline we call "oil and gas" law. Many of the flaws associated with this "specialized" body of law relate to its "special" status. Jurisprudential flaws have developed as courts depart from basic contract, property, or tort law in pursuit of "oil and gas law" concepts. The phenomenon is not limited to oil and gas law but can occur in any "law of" setting. This article illustrates the problems associated with oil and gas law by analyzing judicial approaches to recognizing and applying "implied covenants" under the oil and gas lease. By comparing the experience and outcomes under the oil and gas rule with the outcome under a contract law analysis, it is possible to evaluate whether a specialized "oil and gas" rule is necessary or advisable.
Components of Earnings-Induced Volume

Numerous studies, both empirical and analytical, identify causes and provide possible interpretations of cross-sectional variation in trading responses to information releases such as earnings announcements. We extend this line of inquiry within the empirical domain by partitioning volume into two components: (1) participation rate, and (2) participation magnitude. This partitioning explicitly recognizes the fact that similar levels of observed volume response may arise from very different sources. We find that participation rate accounts for approximately 80 percent of the increase in trading around earnings announcements and more than three times the predicted cross-sectional variability in this response. The rate component increases with price response (Karpoff 1986) and large investor activity (Cready 1988) and decreases with firm size and both explicit and liquidity-related costs of transacting (Karpoff 1986). In contrast to Atiase and Bamber's (1994) finding in relation to total volume response, we do not find any evidence that participation magnitude increases with analyst forecast dispersion.
CRYPTOGENIC STROKE AND UNDERLYING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIALS

Recent studies have shown that prolonged rhythm monitoring results in increased detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with cryptogenic stroke (CS). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all the randomized control trials (RCTs) that used prolonged rhythm monitoring
A New Species of Elsinoë on Panicum Virgatum

(1961). A New Species of Elsinoe on Panicum Virgatum. Mycologia: Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 600-604.
Electron Microscopy of Ion Deposited Thin Films of the Oxides of Titanium

The reactive ion beam deposition of ceramic films onto unheated substrates can produce amorphous films with essentially molecular mixing. The annealing and hot isotatic pressing (hipping) of these films to produce crystalline phases have reproducable effects which are sensitive to the temperature and the density of the film. Experiments with titanium oxides indicate that it is principally the equilibrium phases that are formed and that hipping can be used to encourage the same transformations at lower temperatures.
Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Vaccine Applications

Currently available vaccine adjuvants are ineffective against a wide range of infectious pathogens as well as cancers. Therefore, there is a critical demand for new vaccine strategies that can elicit potent cellular and humoral immune responses. Liposomes have been widely examined as vaccine delivery systems because of their safety, low toxicity, and ease of scale-up. However, successful clinical translation of liposomal vaccines has been hampered by their limited potency to induce strong T and B cell responses. In this chapter, we will present two classes of lipid-based nanoparticle systems designed to address limitations of liposomal vaccines and discuss their potential as vaccine delivery systems. The first class of lipid-based nanoparticles presented in this chapter is termed interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles. These novel vaccine nanoparticles are stable vehicles that can effectively deliver antigens and adjuvant molecules to antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissues and induce robust T and B cell immune responses in vivo. The second class of vaccine nanoparticles is lipoproteins composed of endogenous proteins and lipids. Applications of lipoproteins for vaccine delivery have recently gained much attention due to their safety and multi-faceted functions as endogenous drug delivery vehicles. We provide an overview on the latest advances in this rapidly evolving interdisciplinary area of research, and we discuss biomaterial-based innovations enabled by nanotechnology for improving vaccine design and development.
Early Numeracy Indicators: Examining Predictive Utility Across Years and States

Two studies using similar methods in two states investigated the long-term predictive utility of two single-skill early numeracy Curriculum Based Measures (CBMs) and the degree to which they can adequately predict high-stakes test scores. Data were drawn from kindergarten and first-grade students. State standardized assessment data from the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS) and Missouri Assessment Program (MAP) were used as criterion measures to evaluate multi-year predictive utility. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to examine the extent to which the measures predicted success or failure on ITBS and MAP. Correlational and logistic regression results indicated the Early Numeracy CBMs effectively predict success or failure for the ITBS and MAP. However, further analysis of the diagnostic utility of the measures suggests that practitioners need to carefully consider specificity, sensitivity, and the degree to which the predictability of common screening measure...
Adipofascial Anterolateral Thigh Free Flaps for Oncologic Hand and Foot Reconstruction

The anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) was first described in 1984 for use in patients suffering neck burn contracture.1 Since that time it has proven to be advantageous in numerous different reconstructive scenarios. Despite this versatility, one criticism of the ALT is the propensity for flap thickness adjustments. Several solutions to this problem have been proposed: primary thinning, secondary liposuction, and, recently, the adipofascial ALT flap (aALT). The aALT is harvested in a similar fashion to the standard fasciocutaneous ALT; however, the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue are removed from the flap prior to transfer, leaving an ultra-thin flap on the range of 0.5-2.8-cm.2 Herein, we describe our experience using the aALT for reconstruction of oncologic defects of the hand and foot.
Cardiorespiratory reflex control in rats with left ventricular dysfunction

Patients with heart failure exhibit a neurohumoral excitatory state and abnormal baroreflex control of the cardiovascular system. We determined whether arterial baroreflexes are impaired during left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) caused by chronic myocardial infarction in the absence of congestive heart failure and whether abnormal central mechanisms contribute to this impairment. Baroreceptors were stimulated in anesthetized rats with and without LVD by increasing arterial pressure with phenylephrine. Lumbar sympathetic nerve and phrenic nerve activity as well as heart rate were recorded. Rats were divided into different groups based on infarct size. Rats with moderate LVD showed impaired baroreflex control of sympathetic, ventilatory, and heart rate responses. Baroreflex gains were inversely related to the size of the infarct. The central gain for sympathetic nerve activity, obtained by using electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve, also was impaired. Baroreflex control of the cardiorespiratory system is thus impaired in rats with moderate LVD in the absence of congestive heart failure. The attenuated baroreflexes are likely due to abnormal afferent mechanisms, although central mechanisms contribute to the impaired barosympathetic reflex.
Addressing Myths About International Students

Despite no community college association ever officially opposing international students programs, for decades, anti-internationalists remain vocal in claiming that international students do not support the local mission of the community college, that international students take seats away from resident students, and that there are limited benefits to hosting international students. Even with empirical evidence that proves otherwise (Fitzer 2007), community college administrators and some boards continue to use these myths to underfund, to undersupport, and to curtail the growth of international student programs. The result is that in 2014, only 309 of the 1200 US community colleges had documented international student programs (IIE 2014). This case study explores how practices at three California community college districts are building evidence to counter the aforementioned prevailing myths.
Imaging of Acute Lung Injury

Acute lung injury (ALI) is the clinical syndrome associated with histopathologic diffuse alveolar damage. It is a common cause of acute respiratory symptoms and admission to the intensive care unit. Diagnosis of ALI is typically based on clinical and radiographic criteria; however, because these criteria can be nonspecific, diagnostic uncertainty is common. A multidisciplinary approach that synthesizes clinical, imaging, and pathologic data can ensure an accurate diagnosis. Radiologists must be aware of the radiographic and computed tomographic findings of ALI and its mimics. This article discusses the multidisciplinary diagnosis of ALI from the perspective of the imager.
Control of ensemble systems on special orthogonal groups

In this paper, we study the control of an ensemble of time-invariant bilinear systems defined on the special orthogonal group SO(n). This type of ensemble control systems appears in various application domains, such as the manipulation of quantum spin ensembles and motion planning for a population of robots. We establish an explicit algebraic necessary and sufficient condition to examine the controllability of systems on SO(n) by using the terminology from the theory of symmetric groups, which provides a transparent means to analyze the underlying Lie algebras. In addition, we show the equivalence between controllability and ensemble controllability of individual and ensemble systems, respectively, for systems evolving on SO(n).
Sedex brine expulsions to Paleozoic basins may have changed global marine 87Sr/86Sr values, triggered anoxia, and initiated mass extinctions

Abstract Sedimentary-exhalative (sedex) ore deposits were formed by discharge of metal-rich brines into ancient ocean basins. Chemical, isotopic, and geologic data from several Paleozoic sedex districts suggest that the brine discharges also supplied enormous quantities of radiogenic Sr and biolimiting nutrients to the oceans. Seven middle Paleozoic sedex events appear to coincide with short-duration positive excursions (“spikes”) in the global marine Sr-isotope record that are not explained by current oceanic models. These strong temporal correlations, combined with mass balance evidence and oceanographic modeling, suggest the flux of radiogenic Sr-rich sedex brines may have been sufficient to cause these prominent spikes. If these sedex hydrothermal events are recorded in the secular record, then the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr record may provide a unique tool for ore genesis studies and for assessing the mineral potential of sedimentary basins of different ages. The apex of these enigmatic 87 Sr/ 86 Sr spikes correlate with global δ 13 C and δ 18 O spikes, periods of global anoxia, deposition of metal-rich black shales, deposition of ironstones, climate change, metal-induced malformation (teratology) of marine organisms and significant mass extinctions. While the relationships among these phenomena remain poorly understood and diverse models for these events have been proposed, most invoke an increased flux of biolimiting nutrients resulting in ocean eutrophication. Evidence that the flux of key biolimiting nutrients and metals contained in sedex brines may have been equivalent to or surpass that of the total modern riverine flux to the ocean suggests that these sedex brine exhalations may have triggered global chemical and biological events.
Vasculitis and Pregnancy

Vasculitis is more often a disease of women beyond their reproductive years, leaving the challenges of pregnancy management difficult to study. Pregnancy complications, including pregnancy loss and preterm birth, are higher among women with all forms of vasculitis. It seems that controlling the disease before pregnancy may improve the chances of pregnancy success. Many medications used for vasculitis are considered low risk in pregnancy, including prednisone, colchicine, azathioprine, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil should be avoided in pregnancy. Controlling disease with low-risk medications may allow women with vasculitis to have the pregnancies they desire.
VHTX: A code for simulation of steady state and dynamic response of single or multiple networked cross flow heat exchangers in data center thermal management systems

Crossflow heat exchangers are key components of both centralized (e.g. CRACs) and decentralized (rear door, in-row) cooling equipment utilized in data center thermal management systems. Modeling of their behavior in steady state is well documented but transient or dynamic operation, whether by intent or as a result of a system failure, has not been well documented. In “smart cooling” scenarios, cooling should be modulated with heating (i.e. IT) load which can vary with time and space as IT load varies within a rack and within the data center room. Cooling is optimally utilized when the cooling load follows or even anticipates the heating (IT) load and as such the heat exchanger operates in a dynamically controlled mode. In data center operation, there is also interest in understanding their behavior in case of system malfunctions such as pump or chiller failures which results in transient operation. The MATLAB™ simulation code VHTX was developed in order to simulate the performance of crossflow heat exchangers in both steady and dynamic operation. It is a standalone code for simulation of heat exchanger networks and core code elements are also being embedded into or coupled with other simulation environments such as MATLAB SIMULINK™ for control investigations, VTAS for data center system thermodynamic and energy analysis, and CFD codes for room simulations. This paper describes the basic formulation of the VHTX solver and its validation against research quality data on heat exchanger cores. It is shown that the code can accurately predict the coolant flow distribution within the heat exchanger core and its dynamic response to temporal events such as modulation of the coolant flow rate or temperature to match the air side thermal load. A case study simulating a typical rear door heat exchanger is presented as an example of the use of the code in a data center simulation.
Targeting mitochondrial responses to intra-articular fracture to prevent posttraumatic osteoarthritis

We tested whether inhibiting mechanically responsive articular chondrocyte mitochondria after severe traumatic injury and preventing oxidative damage represent a viable paradigm for posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) prevention. We used a porcine hock intra-articular fracture (IAF) model well suited to human-like surgical techniques and with excellent anatomic similarities to human ankles. After IAF, amobarbital or N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was injected to inhibit chondrocyte electron transport or downstream oxidative stress, respectively. Effects were confirmed via spectrophotometric enzyme assays or glutathione/glutathione disulfide assays and immunohistochemical measures of oxidative stress. Amobarbital or NAC delivered after IAF provided substantial protection against PTOA at 6 months, including maintenance of proteoglycan content, decreased histological disease scores, and normalized chondrocyte metabolic function. These data support the therapeutic potential of targeting chondrocyte metabolism after injury and suggest a strong role for mitochondria in mediating PTOA.
Culture-free bacterial detection and identification from blood with rapid, phenotypic, antibiotic susceptibility testing

The current culture-based approach for the diagnosis of bloodstreams infection is incommensurate with timely treatment and curbing the prevalence of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) due to its long time-to-result. Bloodstream infections typically involve extremely low (e.g., <10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL) bacterial concentrations that require a labor-intensive process and as much as 72 hours to yield a diagnosis. Here, we demonstrate a culture-free approach to achieve rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections. An immuno-detection platform with intrinsic signal current amplification was developed for the ultrasensitive, rapid detection, identification (ID) and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) of infections. With its capability of monitoring short-term (1-2 hours) bacterial growth in blood, the platform is able to provide 84-minute simultaneous detection and ID in blood samples below the 10 CFU/mL level and 204-minute AST. The susceptible-intermediate-resistant AST capacity was demonstrated.
Facilitating Inclusion with Assistive Technology

Technology is the driving force that will shape the future of our world, our nation, and our school systems, and the teaching /learning of all students. Assistive technology is meant to assist learning and to facilitate inclusion for all students. This paper examines the use of assistive technology in the classroom. It reviews different technology devices to assist studentsâ€™ with their special needs.
Chromosomal Spatial Correlation of Gene Expression in Plasmodium falciparum

Malaria is responsible for half a billion infections and two million deaths each year. Understanding the biology of Plasmodium falciparum is critical if effective vaccines are to be developed to fight against this aggressive parasite. New information about the regulatory mechanisms of P. falciparum promotes the elucidation of the fundamental metabolic and transcriptional pathways which we must understand to design vaccines and better treatments. Of particular importance is the intraerythrocytic development cycle (IDC), the part of the P. falciparum life cycle spent in the blood stream of host mammals and that is responsible for the physical symptoms of malaria. The goal of this investigation is to examine spatially dependent co-regulation of gene expression over the 48-hour IDC. Correlation between gene expression and gene location over a few genes demonstrates evidence of co-regulated genes or operons, while correlation over many genes may provide evidence for some other transcriptional regulation mechanism such as chromatin remodeling or enhancers. We develop and apply a visualization and statistical testing methodology to examine expression-location correlation in a time-course microarray study of the IDC transcriptome. Contrary to the current paucity of evidence, our findings show evidence for spatial correlation. The biological implications of detected blocks of moderate but consistent spatial correlation provide novel insights into the transcriptome of P. falciparum.
Chapter 26 Optimal economic growth, turnpike theorems and comparative dynamics

Publisher Summary This chapter is concerned with the long-term tendencies of paths of capital accumulation that maximize, in some sense, a utility sum for society over an unbounded time span. However, the structure of the problem is characteristic of all economizing over time whether on the social scale or the scale of the individual or the firm. The mathematical methods that are used are closely allied to the old mathematical discipline, calculus of variations. The chapter discusses that the utility function depends on time, as in the standard theory of the calculus of variations. Also the function to be maximized is the sum of utility functions for each period over the future. It is described as a separable utility function over the sequence of future capital stocks and corresponds to the integral of calculus of variations. As the consumption of one period influences the utility of later consumption, the separability assumption is not exact. The treatment of utility in a period as dependent on initial and terminal stocks is not a restriction because the usual assumptions that make utility depend on consumption and consumption on production and terminal stocks implies that an equivalent utility depending on capital stocks exists. The chapter also discusses that the primary sources of the optimal growth model are aggregate savings programs and capital accumulation programs for an economy, the theorems, and methods of the subject find applications in other areas with increasing frequency.
Changes in quality of life after surgery or radiotherapy in early-stage lung cancer

Background: Although surgical resection is considered the standard of care for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, radiotherapy [stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)] has been proposed as a minimally invasive treatment alternative. Studies have not examined differences in quality of life (QoL) between surgery and radiotherapy, despite important implications for patient and provider decision making. Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (1998–2014) was used to assess changes in physical QoL score [Physical Component Summary (PCS)] and mental health QoL score [Mental Component Summary (MCS)] from baseline (prior to cancer diagnosis) to follow-up after treatment with surgery only or radiotherapy only. QoL was measured using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) until 2006, when it was replaced by the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12). Results: Data from 184 patients (28 SBRT, 156 surgery) was included. There was a significant decline in PCS score from baseline to follow-up (surgery: −4.81; 95% CI: −6.31, −3.30; P Conclusions: Although both treatments negatively impact QoL, the impact of SBRT on QoL may be comparable to surgery and therefore SBRT should be given consideration as an alternative treatment, especially when surgery is not an option.
Thermoelasticity at finite strains with weak and strong discontinuities

Abstract This paper presents a monolithic coupled formulation for finite strain thermoelasticity with weak and strong discontinuities. Thermal and mechanical properties can vary sharply across embedded interfaces where weak discontinuities are allowed to grow into strong discontinuities as the coupled nonlinear process evolves. Significant contributions in this work are: (i) variationally consistent coupling of multiple fields that have jumps across embedded interfaces, (ii) non-matching meshes with provision of different element types across interfaces, (iii) evolution of interfacial kinematics via embedding phenomenological models at the interfaces, and (iv) consistent linearization of the two-way coupled formulation leading to quadratic convergence of the method. The new Variational Multiscale Coupled Field (VMCF) formulation is developed by embedding Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) ideas in the Continuous Galerkin (CG) method within the context of the Variational Multiscale (VMS) framework. Starting from a thermomechanically coupled formulation over the elastic domain with Lagrange multipliers that couple fields along the interfaces, the Lagrange multipliers are eliminated by deriving analytical expressions for the multipliers via the interfacial fine-scale problems facilitated by the VMS framework. The derived terms for interfacial stabilization are a function of the residual of Euler–Lagrange equations along the interfaces. Stabilization tensors are functions of the evolving mechanical and thermal fields and are free of user-defined parameters. Several test cases are presented to illustrate the versatility and the range of applicability of the method.
Publilius Syrus and the Anxiety of Continuity

A socio-cultural study of the Sententiae of the one-time slave Publilius Syrus, stressing their durability and influence in the Roman Imperial age as a vehicle by which young children were instruct...
Profitable tidal flats, governable fishing communities: Assembling tidal flat fisheries in post-crisis South Korea

Abstract Tracing the discursive emergence of “tidal flat fisheries” in South Korean fisheries policy as a new orientation toward governing tidal flats and coastal fishing communities, this paper examines how crisis catalyzes the production of neoliberal socionature. Framed as a “new growth engine” of South Korea's Low Carbon Green Growth initiative, tidal flat fisheries appeared as both a way to contribute to the country's wealth and a solution to a doubly failing coastal fisheries sector plagued by declining production and aging fishers. In this paper, I argue that tidal flat fisheries as a neoliberal intervention opened underdeveloped tidal flat spaces and exclusive coastal fishing communities to intensified forms of capitalist relations and new forms of governance. Tidal flat fisheries reimagined tidal flats as potentially productive and profitable spaces in need of intensive aquaculture, and delivered a subtle representation of coastal fishing communities as inefficient and illegal, thereby irrationalizing their communal rights to tidal flats as livelihood resources. This paper highlights the role of crisis in the making of tidal flat fisheries as a context-specific, hybrid assemblage where existing discourses, actors, and programs were reconfigured to convey neoliberal rationalities of efficiency and managerial governance. Multiple crises (global and domestic, chronic and acute) and the notion of multi-faceted crisis itself were used to justify neoliberal reform in the coastal fisheries sector. The case of tidal flat fisheries in South Korea compels us to develop an account of crisis and nature in late neoliberalism. Focusing on how crisis produces neoliberal rationalities, I contend that we can advance our critique of neoliberalism beyond the dimensions of variegation to its status as a potentiality with lasting discursive and material effects.
The Relationship Between Exogenous Exposure to "The Real Cost" Anti-Smoking Campaign and Campaign-Targeted Beliefs.

Though previous evaluations of “The Real Cost” anti-smoking campaign demonstrate effects on anti-smoking beliefs and behaviors, results rely on self-reported recall as a measure of exposure and are...
Scattered Speculations on Business and Cultural Diversity

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak claims that while hiring cultural diversity is an improvement in comparison to all white male businesses, diversity policies applied in both the context of global capitalism and in particular of societies claiming to adhere to democratic principles need to be amended by more reflective notions of difference and by a consistent focus on those “who cannot be the subject or object of cultural pluralism, cultural diversity.” She insists that to become an advocate of social justice and “good globalization” we have to comprehend cultural diversity as going beyond mere identity politics. Spivak thus argues for a mind-set change—with the relevant question being: “how to construct oneself (as Knower) and the world (as known) in order to participate in the possibility of democracy.”
A 25-Year-Old Woman with Droopy Eyelids and Double Vision

Mitochondrial myopathy is caused by mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial genes with resultant defects in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function. Patients with mitochondrial myopathy usually present with chronic progressive bilateral eyelid ptosis and ophthalmoplegia. They may also manifest fixed proximal limb weakness, cardiac conduction block, cardiomyopathy, hearing loss, retinopathy, and diabetes mellitus, among others. Here we present a case of mitochondrial myopathy with clinical, pathological, and genetic features consistent with Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
Mentoring the Next Generation of Women Candidates: A Field Experiment of State Legislators:

This experiment sent state legislators an email from an individual seeking advice on running for office, varying the gender and party of the sender. This project explores two inquiries—who the legi...
Modeling of SO3 formation and depletion processes in coal-fired boilers

Abstract Theoretical model developed for the SO3 formation and depletion processes in the region upstream of the economizer exit duct in coal-fired boilers. The model accounts for homogeneous conversion of SO2to SO3 as a result of gas phase reactions, SO3 catalytic formation due to Fe2O3 in the fly ash both in suspension and as deposits on boiler tubes, and SO3 depletion due to reaction with alkali compounds in the fly ash. Comparisons were made between model results and SO3 filed measurements for three boilers. There was good consistency between model results and experimental data up to the economizer section. However, within the economizers, the predicted SO3 levels were overestimated by the model. This was found to be as a result of additional SO3 depletion. Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure rates of SO3 and H2SO4 conversion and reactions with CaO, and results were used for kinetics development, especially SO3 depletion prediction at low temperatures. Further refinement was implemented to the model to consider the effect of this SO3 depletion based on experimental results from a lab scale set up. Operational recommendations are introduced to mitigate SO3 production, including reducing economizer O2, increasing the frequency of sootblowing of the high temperature heat exchangers, and fire coals with low iron content. This study provides a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that are most important to net SO3 formation (generation minus reduction) in coal-fired boilers. Such understanding will make it possible to develop cost-effective methods for reduction of SO3 formation in coal-fired boilers.
Genetic diversity of clinical and environmental Mucorales isolates obtained from an investigation of mucormycosis cases among solid organ transplant recipients.

Mucormycoses are invasive infections by Rhizopus species and other Mucorales. Over 10 months, four solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at our centre developed mucormycosis due to Rhizopus microsporus (n=2), R. arrhizus (n=1) or Lichtheimia corymbifera (n=1), at a median 31.5 days (range: 13-34) post-admission. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 72 Mucorales isolates (45 R. arrhizus, 19 R. delemar, six R. microsporus, two Lichtheimia species) from these patients, from five patients with community-acquired mucormycosis, and from hospital and regional environments. Isolates were compared by core protein phylogeny and global genomic features, including genome size, guanine-cytosine percentages, shared protein families and paralogue expansions. Patient isolates fell into six core phylogenetic lineages (clades). Phylogenetic and genomic similarities of R. microsporus isolates recovered 7 months apart from two SOT recipients in adjoining hospitals suggested a potential common source exposure. However, isolates from other patients and environmental sites had unique genomes. Many isolates that were indistinguishable by core phylogeny were distinct by one or more global genomic comparisons. Certain clades were recovered throughout the study period, whereas others were found at particular time points. In conclusion, mucormycosis cases could not be genetically linked to a definitive environmental source. Comprehensive genomic analyses eliminated false associations between Mucorales isolates that would have been assigned using core phylogenetic or less extensive genomic comparisons. The genomic diversity of Mucorales mandates that multiple isolates from individual patients and environmental sites undergo WGS during epidemiological investigations. However, exhaustive surveillance of fungal populations in a hospital and surrounding community is probably infeasible.
Eigenvector visualization and art

Existing interfaces between mathematics and art, and geography and art, began overlapping in recent years. This newer overarching intersection partly is attributable to the scientific visualization...
Cross-Platform Parallel Debugging and Performance Analysis Tools

Versatile and easy-to-use parallel debuggers and performance analysis tools are crucial for the development of correct and efficient high performance applications. Although vendors of HPC platforms usually offer debugging and performance tools in some form, it is desirable to have the same interface across multiple platforms so that the user does not have to learn a different tool for each platform. Furthermore, a tool should have an easy-to-use interface that intuitively supports the debugging and performance analysis tasks the user needs to carry out, as well as the parallel programming language and paradigm being used. This paper describes a survey and evaluation of cross-platform debugging and performance analysis tools. In addition, we describe a current project which is developing a cross-platform API for accessing hardware performance counters. This paper necessarily represents a snapshot in time and as such will become out-of-date as new tools and new versions of existing tools are released. Current information and up-to-date evaluations of parallel debugging and performance analysis tools may be found at the Parallel Tools Library web site at http ://www. nhse. org/pt lib/.
Zeta Chain of the T-Cell Receptor Interacts with nef of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2

A truncated version of the nef gene of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac239 capable of encoding amino acids 98 to 263 was used as bait to screen a cDNA library from activated lymphocytes in a yeast two-hybrid system. The zeta chain of the T-cell receptor (TCRzeta) was found to interact specifically not only with truncated SIV nef in yeast cells but also with full-length glutathione S-transferase (GST)-SIVnef fusion protein in vitro. Coimmunoprecipitation of TCRzeta with full-length SIV nef was demonstrated in transfected Jurkat cells and in Cos 18 cells which express the cytoplasmic domain of TCRzeta fused to the external domain of CD8 via the CD8 transmembrane domain. Using a series of nef deletion mutants, we have mapped the binding site within the central core domain of nef (amino acids 98 to 235). Binding of TCRzeta was specific for nef isolated from SIVmac239, SIVsmH4, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2ST and was not detected with nef from five different HIV-1 isolates. An active tyrosine kinase was coprecipitated with nef-TCRzeta complexes from Jurkat cells but not from J.CAM1.6 cells which lack a functional Lck tyrosine kinase. These results demonstrate a specific association of SIV and HIV-2 nef, but not HIV-1 nef, with TCRzeta.
Victim protection orders and the stake in conformity thesis

Victim Protection Orders have gained wide use by local courts as one method to protect victims of domestic violence. This study of protection orders involves interviews with individuals who obtained such orders in Arizona. The research questions specifically addressed those variables known as the “stake in conformity” variables in the six attempted replications of the Sherman–Berk Minneapolis Police Study, to examine their potential relevance for the effectiveness of victim protection orders. The findings of this study are analyzed in terms of other research about the effectiveness of victim protection orders.
Bone Density Testing Among Prostate Cancer Survivors Treated with Androgen Deprivation Therapy

BACKGROUND. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) causes bone loss and fractures. Guidelines recommend bone density testing before and during ADT to characterize fracture risk. The authors of the current report assessed bone density testing among men who received ADT for ≥ 1 year. METHODS. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data were used to identify 28,960 men aged > 65 years with local/regional prostate cancer diagnosed from 2001 to 2007 who were followed through 2009 and who received ≥ 1 year of continuous ADT. Bone density testing was documented in the 18-month period beginning 6 months before ADT initiation. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with bone density testing. RESULTS. Among men who received ≥ 1 year of ADT, 10.2% had a bone density assessment from 6 months before starting ADT through 1 year after. Bone density testing increased over time (14.5% of men who initiated ADT in 2007-2008 vs 6% of men who initiated ADT in 2001-2002; odds ratio for 2007-2008 vs 2001-2002, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.83-2.85). Less bone density testing was observed among men aged ≥ 85 years versus men ages 66 to 69 years (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.89), among black men versus white men (odds ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.86), and among men in areas with lower educational attainment (P < .001). Men who visited a medical oncologist and/or a primary care provider in addition to a urologist had higher odds of testing than men who only consulted a urologist (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS. Few men who received ADT for prostate cancer underwent bone density testing, particularly older men, black men, and those living in areas with low educational attainment. Visiting a medical oncologist was associated with increased odds of testing. Interventions are needed to increase bone density testing among men who receive long-term ADT. Data on bone density testing for nonmilitary populations of prostate cancer survivors in the United States who have received long-term androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) have not been published. The current analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results/Medicare data suggests that few prostate cancer survivors who receive long-term ADT undergo bone density testing; and several key populations, including African Americans and older men, have considerably lower rates of bone density screening. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Pavement Damage as Related to Tires, Pressures, Axle Loads, and Configurations

Dual radial tires and wide based radial single tires were tested in the laboratory under three levels of inflation pressures and axial loads. The measured characteristics of the tires were gross contact area, net area, tire deflection, and contact pressures. The distributions of contact pressures were used in a theoretical analysis to evaluate the flexible pavement performance related parameter. The response of two flexible pavement structures was investigated in terms of the tensile strains at the bottom of the asphalt layer. In the second phase of this research, two full scale pavement sections were instrumented using strain gages to measure the strains at the bottom of the asphalt concrete layer. The data analysis presented in this paper shows the effect of varying the tire type, tire inflation pressure, and axle load and configuration on the response of flexible pavements. The results of the two studies showed that the wide base single tires are more damaging than the dual tires under all combinations of the test variables. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 858780.
Interleukin-2 in Bone Marrow Transplantation

Interleukin 21 (IL-2) is a 15 kD protein that was initially known as T-cell growth factor [1], IL-2 stimulates the proliferation of T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of lymphocytes with IL-2 in vitro results in the generation of cells referred to as lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells, which lyse fresh noncultured tumor cells in a histocompatibility unrestricted manner [2–4]. LAK cells show killing effects both in vitro and in vivo of a wide variety of tumors [2–4]. Recent studies [5,6] have shown that LAK cells are comprised of T cells as well as natural killer (NK) cells. Other cells, such as macrophages, probably also play a role in regulating the generation of LAK cells.