cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimating interfacial thermal conductivity in metamaterials through heat flux mapping

The variability of the thickness as well as the thermal conductivity of interfaces in composites may significantly influence thermal transport characteristics and the notion of a metamaterial as an effective medium. The consequent modulations of the heat flux passage are analytically and experimentally examined through a non-contact methodology using radiative imaging, on a model anisotropic thermal metamaterial. It was indicated that a lower Al layer/silver interfacial epoxy ratio of ∼25 compared to that of a Al layer/alumina interfacial epoxy (of ∼39) contributes to a smaller deviation of the heat flux bending angle.
Synaptic connections of central carotid sinus afferents in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius of the rat. II. Connections with substance P-immunoreactive neurons

A combined transganglionic transport and immunocytochemical technique was used to study the synaptic morphology of central carotid sinus afferents and substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the commissural subnucleus of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in rats. A large population of substance P-immunoreactive neurons (88.32%) were seen in close association with central carotid sinus afferents by light microscopy. However, many labelled central carotid sinus afferents appeared not associated with substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius. Substance P-immunoreactive neurons were spindle, pear, or oval-shaped with a short axis ranging from 5 to 11 μm. Their long axis was oriented predominantly in a lateral-medial direction along the path of the central carotid sinus afferents from the solitary tract to the midline. Synaptic contacts between central carotid sinus afferents and substance P-structures, including dendritic profiles of different calibers and somas, were readily found by electron microscopy. Many central carotid sinus afferents were also found in synaptic contact with non-immunoreactive dendrites and somas. Appositions between central carotid sinus afferents and unlabelled axon terminals were common, but only in a few cases were morphological manifestations of synapses revealed. In the latter, the substance P-immunoreactive terminals appeared mostly presynaptic but postsynaptic ones were also encountered. Our data provide the evidence that some of the substance P-immunoreactive cells in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius are 2nd order neurons of the carotid sinus afferent pathway. The possibility that some of the substance P-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius may be interneurons and mediate carotid sinus afferent inputs to catecholaminergic neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius is considered. Our findings also provide an anatomical substrate for a possible presynaptic modulatory role of central carotid sinus afferents on the inputs from other brain centers to the substance P-neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius.
Comparison of the heavy-fermion and Foldy-Wouthuysen formalisms at third order

We compare two nonrelativistic (NR) reduction schemes (heavy-fermion and Foldy-Wouthuysen) that are used to derive low-energy effective-field-theory Lagrangians. We give the explicit transformation between the two types of fields to $\mathcal{O}(1/{m}^{2})$, derived from a quite general, relativistic Lagrangian. Beyond leading order the NR reductions always involve the smaller components of the Dirac spinors that are to be integrated out to formulate the NR theory. Even so, the transformation between the NR Lagrangians can be carried out explicitly to $\mathcal{O}(1/{m}^{2})$ using a field renormalization, as long as the lower components of the Lagrangian are known. The fixed coefficient corrections to some low-energy constants at $\mathcal{O}(1/{m}^{2})$ will depend on the particular scheme chosen, but will match after the field renormalization.
Pup attraction to lactating Sprague-Dawley rats.

Pup attraction to lactating Sprague-Dawley rats was demonstrated in an olfactory discrimination apparatus with own pups and with standard test pups, i.e., 20 day-old pups who had never been in physical contact with the adult experimental animals. Pup attraction was observed from Day 8 to Day 26 postpartum. It could not be demonstrated on Day 3 or Day 31 postpartum. It is suggested that pup attraction to lactating rats is mediated by an olfactory pup attractant released by the mother, because 20 day-old pups showed a significant preference for the excrements and urine of their mother. The release of that attractant depends upon an adequate pup-attraction-inducing stimulus originating in the pups surrounding the mother. By experimental variation of the pup-attraction-inducing stimulus originating in the pups, pup attraction was shifted to a late postpartum period when it normally had disappeared, while it remained suppressed during most of the period of its normal occurrence. Conversely, pup attraction ceased early if the pup-attraction-inducing stimulus became inadequate. Pups from any litter, and not merely a mother's own young, constituted an adequate pup-attraction-inducing stimulus. Furthermore, that stimulus did not need to develop in synchrony with the postpartum changes in the mother. Replacement of own pups with older or younger stimulus pups, even if undertaken repeatedly, did not disturb pup attraction. A possible function of the maternal pup attractant during early pup development is discussed.
Naltrexone in Young Autistic Children: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

ABSTRACT Objective This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of naltrexone an opiate blocker, in the treatment of autism. Method Thirteen children with autistic disorder, aged 3.4 to 8.3 years (mean 5.4), were studied in home, school, and outpatient laboratory. Naltrexone, 1.0 mg/kg, was given daily in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design. Dependent measures included parent and teacher Clinical Global Impressions (CGI), Conners Rating Scales, and Naltrexone Side-Effects (SE) Rating Scale; laboratory CGI, movement actometer readings, and a 10-second interval recording system analysis of on-task, communication initiations, disruptive behavior, and self-stimulation. Results Eight of 13 subjects improved in two or more settings. Changes in parent measures (CGI, Conners Impulsivity-Hyperactivity Factor, and SE-Restlessness) and Teacher CGI achieved statistical significance. Teacher SE-Restlessness and initiation of communication in the clinic showed a trend toward improvement. Actometer readings improved in two children who were very active at baseline. Adverse side effects were behavioral, mild, and transient. Administering the bitter tablet was a challenge. Conclusion Naltrexone offers promise as an agent for modest improvement of behavior and social communication in young children with autism. Parent and teacher measures can be useful in outpatient trials to evaluate change.
Community-based Yang-Style Tai Chi is safe and feasible in chronic stroke: a pilot study

Objective: Examine the safety and feasibility of a 12-week Tai Chi intervention among stroke survivors.Design: Two-group, prospective pilot study with random allocation.Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation facility.Subjects: Stroke survivors ≥50 years and at ≥three months post-stroke.Interventions: Tai Chi subjects attended group-based Yang Style classes three times/week for 12-weeks, while Usual Care subjects received weekly phone calls along with written materials/resources for participating in community-based physical activity.Main outcome measures: Indicators of study safety and feasibility included recruitment rates, intervention adherence, falls or adverse events, study satisfaction, drop-outs, and adequacy of the outcomes measures.Results: Interested persons pre-screened by phone (n = 69) were on average 68 years old, (SD = 13) years old, 48% (n = 33) women, 94% (n = 65) were at least three months post-stroke. A total of 28 subjects aged 69 (SD = 11) years enrolled in this pilot study. Intervention a...
Corpus callosum: effects of neonatal hormones on sexual dimorphism in the rat

The rat's corpus callosum is sexually dimorphic, with the male's being larger. In addition, giving rats extra stimulation in infancy via handling increases callosal area in males, but not in females. To determine if this dimorphism is testosterone-dependent, male pups were castrated on Day 1 of life while females received an injection of testosterone propionate (TP) on Day 4. Control males had sham surgery and control females received an injection of sesame oil. All animals were handled daily from birth until weaning. Animals were sacrificed at 110 days and a mid-sagittal section of the callosum was obtained. From this section measures of callosal area, perimeter, length, and 99 widths were derived. We verified our previous finding that the male callosum is larger than that of the female. Neonatal TP treatment masculinized the callosa of the females, but castration did not affect the males. TP treatment affected the width dimension of the callosum but not callosal length or brain weight. In a related study the synthetic estrogen DES did not increase callosal size for castrated males or for intact females, while the estrogen blocker, tamoxifen, had a defeminizing effect on females' callosa. These findings suggest that there is an estrogen-dependent active process of feminization of cortical tissue in the female brain.
Sympathetic modulation of cholinergic transmission in cat vesical ganglia is mediated by alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptors

Modulation of transmission in cat vesical ganglia by exogenous catecholamines or short periods of hypogastric nerve stimulation (HGS) was examined in vivo. HGS (30 Hz, 30 V, 10- to 20-s train) initially caused inhibition of ganglionic transmission, followed by a period of facilitation. The inhibition could be evoked by lower stimulus intensities than the facilitation. The biphasic effect was mimicked by norepinephrine (2-10 micrograms) injected into the inferior mesenteric artery, whereas phenylephrine (5-10 micrograms) usually caused only facilitation. The administration of specific adrenoceptor antagonists showed that the inhibitory responses were mediated by alpha 2-receptors and the facilitatory responses by alpha 1-receptors. The effects of HGS and norepinephrine were also tested on pelvic nerve-evoked bladder contractions. Both caused a brief reduction in contraction amplitude which, for the HGS effect, was mediated mainly by alpha 2-receptors. Noradrenergic inhibition of bladder contractions was mediated by both alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors. These studies have shown that sympathetic modulation of ganglionic transmission in the bladder can be either inhibitory or facilitatory, each mediated by a specific receptor type. These two actions may be important during different stages of bladder storage or voiding.
Learning Motion Correlation for Tracking Articulated Human Body with a Rao-Blackwellised Particle Filter

Inference in 3D articulated human body tracking is challenging due to the high dimensionality and nonlinearity of the parameter-space. We propose a particle filter with Rao-Blackwellisation which marginalizes part of the state variables by exploiting the correlation between the right-side and the left-side joint Euler angles. The correlation is naturally induced by the symmetric and repetitive patterns in specific human activities. A novel algorithm is proposed to learn the correlation from the training data using partial least square regression. The learned correlation is then used as motion prior in designing the Rao-Blackwellised particle filter, which estimates only one group of state variables using the Monte Carlo method, leaving the other group being exactly computed through an analytical filter that utilizes the learned motion correlation. We evaluate the effectiveness of the motion correlation for 3D articulated human body tracking. The accuracy of the proposed 3D tracker is quantitatively assessed based on the distance between the true and the estimated marker positions. Extensive experiments with multi-camera walking sequences from the HumanEva-I/II data set show that (i) the proposed tracker achieves significantly lower estimation error than both the annealed particle filter and the standard particle filter; and (ii) the learned motion correlation generalizes well to motion performed by subjects other than the training subject.
A cross-strand Trp Trp pair stabilizes the hPin1 WW domain at the expense of function.

Using the human Pin1 WW domain (hPin1 WW), we show that replacement of two nearest neighbor non-hydrogen-bonded residues on adjacent β-strands with tryptophan (Trp) residues increases β-sheet thermodynamic stability by 4.8 kJ mol−1 at physiological temperature. One-dimensional NMR studies confirmed that introduction of the Trp–Trp pair does not globally perturb the structure of the triple-stranded β-sheet, while circular dichroism studies suggest that the engineered cross-strand Trp–Trp pair adopts a side-chain conformation similar to that first reported for a designed “Trp-zipper” β-hairpin peptide, wherein the indole side chains stack perpendicular to each other. Even though the mutated side chains in wild-type hPin1 WW are not conserved among WW domains and compose the β-sheet surface opposite to that responsible for ligand binding, introduction of the cross-strand Trp–Trp pair effectively eliminates hPin1 WW function as assessed by the loss of binding affinity toward a natural peptide ligand. Maximizing both thermodynamic stability and the domain function of hPin1 WW by the above mentioned approach appears to be difficult, analogous to the situation with loop 1 optimization explored previously. That introduction of a non-hydrogen-bonded cross-strand Trp–Trp pair within the hPin1 WW domain eliminates function may provide a rationale for why this energetically favorable pairwise interaction has not yet been identified in WW domains or any other biologically evolved protein with known three-dimensional structure.
The Motivations of Blood Donors and Nondonors: A Community Survey

Telephone interviews elicited information on motivational responses of blood donors and nondonors from a completely random sample of an entire community. Results indicated that more males than females are current donors and that 63 per cent of the males and 89 per cent of the females who have donated previously have become nondonors. Most donors express no fears before donating and state direct appeal, convenience, and peer pressure as the motivational aspects that caused them to donate in the first place, and altruism as the major reason for continuing to donate. The two largest categories mentioned by nondonors for inhibiting their donating were medical disqualification and fear. When both donors and nondonors made suggestions for improving blood donor recruitment, they tended to mention publicity (including education), emergency appeal, and personal solicitation. The first two were not mentioned by actual donors as to what motivated them to give blood initially. Blood procurement agencies should, therefore, be aware of a distinction between actual motivating factors and those that are only hypothetical.
Defect tolerance on the Teramac custom computer

Teramac is a large custom computer which works correctly despite the fact that three quarters of its FPGAs contain defects. This is accomplished through unprecedented use of defect tolerance, which substantially reduces Teramac's cost and permits it to have an unusually complex interconnection network. Teramac tolerates defective resources, like gates and wires, that are introduced during the manufacture of its FPGAs and other components, and during assembly of the system. We have developed methods to precisely locate defects. User designs are mapped onto the system by a completely automated process that avoids the defects and hides the defect tolerance from the user. Defective components are not physically removed from the system.
The mid-infrared transmission spectra of Antarctic ureilites

The mid-infrared (4000-450 1/cm; 2.5-22.2 micron) transmission spectra of seven Antarctic ureilites and 10 Antarctic H-5 ordinary chondrites are presented. The ureilite spectra show a number of absorption bands, the strongest of which is a wide, complex feature centered near 1000 1/cm (10 micron) due to Si-O stretching vibrations in silicates. The profiles and positions of the substructure in this feature indicate that Mg-rich olivines and pyroxenes are the main silicates responsible. The relative abundances of these two minerals, as inferred from the spectra, show substantial variation from meteorite to meteorite, but generally indicate olivine is the most abundant (olivine:pyroxene = 60:40 to 95:5). Both the predominance of olivine and the variable olivine-to-pyroxene ratio are consistent with the known composition and heterogeneity of ureilites. The H-5 ordinary chondrites spanned a range of weathering classes and were used to provide a means of addressing the extent to which the ureilite spectra may have been altered by weathering processes. It was found that, while weathering of these meteorites produces some weak bands due to the formation of small amounts of carbonates and hydrates, the profile of the main silicate feature has been little affected by Antarctic exposure in the meteorites studied here. The mid-infrared ureilite spectra provide an additional means of testing potential asteroidal parent bodies for the ureilites. At present, the best candidates include the subset of S-type asteroids having low albedos and weak absorption features in the near infrared.
Stress field calculation for quantitative ultrasound elastography via integration of force sensors

Most current elastography methods remain qualitative or display only strain information due to the inexact internal stress distribution. A more accurate result may be obtained by employing force sensors to gauge the applied vertical compression force on skin surface through the ultrasound transducer. A computationally efficient superposition algorithm based on Love's closed-form equation (SLE) is presented. It performs analytical calculation of the 3D dynamic stress field inside a soft tissue phantom with non-free boundary conditions under a non-uniformly stressed rectangular linear array transducer, using the pressure on each element of the contact surface. The validity of the SLE method was tested by comparison to the stress field calculated with Finite Element Analysis (FEA). For the region of interest (directly underneath the ultrasound transducer), the SLE provides a sufficiently precise solution and can be exploited for absolute Young's modulus reconstruction in real time.
Minimum Roundoff Noise 2-D Compensators

A synthesis procedure is developed which yields an optimal 2-D compensator realization that minimizes the output noise power subject to a scaling condition on the state variables to avoid overflow. The output noise power and the scaling condition are related to two positive definite matrices. Using these matrices, the second order modes of the compensator are obtained and used to minimize the output noise power.
An empirical investigation into the moderating relationship of computer self-efficacy on performance in a computer-supported task

Computer Self-Efficacy has been shown to be a critical construct in a number of research areas within the Information Systems literature, most notably training, technology adoption, and performance in computer-related tasks. Attention has been focused on its antecedents, approaches to manipulation, issues of measurement, and its relationship to other important variables such as computer anxiety and personal goals. On the other hand, its relationship to performance on a task that is supported by technology, but has extensive domain content, has not been yet established; nor how that relationship varies as the level of computer support differs for alternative tasks. This proposal develops a model of computer-supported task performance and positions computer self-efficacy as a moderator in the relationship between task self-efficacy and performance, with these effects mediated by more specific perceptions of capability. A continuum of computer support is also developed, with a conceptualization of its implications for this relationship.
An adaptive programming framework for Web applications

Web applications service a gamut of users with a mix of static and dynamic resources: requests come from different devices running different Web agents (typically, Web browsers) with different capabilities. In a majority of such interactions, services are embedded in an HTML page and displayed on a Web browser. Consequently, Web application development has been tightly coupled with the platforms that a particular site intends to support; application developers have been asked to decide "where to run what" at design time to develop services using location-specific technologies and interweave them with static resources. Such difficulties stem from lack of adequate infrastructural support for platform-agnostic development and deployment framework. This paper presents the design and implementation of a framework for Web application development which hides the heterogeneity of the Internet and the underlying interaction model. It has been meticulously designed such that it is non-intrusive and requires little change to the existing Web infrastructure. The framework is built on top of a programming model that provides a uniform view across different platforms and thus hides the heterogeneity and distributivity of the Internet. Adaptive deployment involves placement specification and compiler translation. The uniformity gives rise to rapid prototyping and development, thereby reducing costs and improving productivity. The adaptiveness enables QoS aware service provisioning.
Traditionalism or Low Self‐Control?: Explaining the Health‐Risk Behaviors of American Indian Youth

Using a sample of American Indian high school students, we test self-control and Native traditionalism as predictors of their health-risk behaviors. Regression analyses found self-control to be a significant influence on all seven health-risk items as well as the health-risk composite. Traditionalism by and large fails to influence these behaviors. However, the traditionalism measure serves a second purpose as a means of controlling for cultural variation while testing the influence of self-control. In doing so, self-control remains a robust predictor. By controlling for cultural variation and examining behaviors that transcend cultural definitions of deviance, we believe these results support the cultural invariance thesis of self-control. Implications for refining traditionalism, testing the cultural invariance of self-control, and considering new directions in understanding the health risks among American Indians are discussed.
Saturable active efflux by p-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein at the blood-brain barrier leads to nonlinear distribution of elacridar to the central nervous system.

The study objective was to investigate factors that affect the central nervous system (CNS) distribution of elacridar. Elacridar inhibits transport mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) and has been used to study the influence of transporters on brain distribution of chemotherapeutics. Adequate distribution of elacridar across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and into the brain parenchyma is necessary to target tumor cells in the brain that overexpress transporters and reside behind an intact BBB. We examined the role of P-gp and Bcrp on brain penetration of elacridar using Friend leukemia virus strain B wild-type, Mdr1a/b(−/−), Bcrp1(−/−), and Mdr1a/b(−/−)Bcrp1(−/−) mice. Initially, the mice were administered 2.5 mg/kg of elacridar intravenously, and the plasma and brain concentrations were determined. The brain-to-plasma partition coefficient of elacridar in the wild-type mice was 0.82, as compared with 3.5 in Mdr1a/b(−/−) mice, 6.6 in Bcrp1(−/−) mice, and 15 in Mdr1a/b(−/−)Bcrp1(−/−) mice, indicating that both P-gp and Bcrp limit the brain distribution of elacridar. The four genotypes were then administered increasing doses of elacridar, and the CNS distribution of elacridar was determined. The observed and model predicted maximum brain-to-plasma ratios (Emax) at the highest dose were not significantly different in all genotypes. However, the ED50 was lower for Mdr1a/b(−/−) mice compared with Bcrp1(−/−) mice. These findings correlate with the relative expression of P-gp and Bcrp at the BBB in these mice and demonstrate the quantitative enhancement in elacridar CNS distribution as a function of its dose. Overall, this study provides useful concepts for future applications of elacridar as an adjuvant therapy to improve targeting of chemotherapeutic agents to tumor cells in the brain parenchyma.
Diluting the benefits of hemostatic resuscitation: a multi-institutional analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although minimization of crystalloids is a widely adopted practice in the resuscitation of patients with severe hemorrhage, its direct impact on high-ratio resuscitation (HRR) outcomes has not been analyzed. We hypothesize that HRR patients will have worse outcomes from crystalloid use. METHODS: This was a 4-year retrospective multi-institutional analysis (MIA) of patients who received massive transfusion protocol (MTP) managed with damage-control laparotomy. Ratios of fresh frozen plasma-packed red blood cell (PRBC) were calculated and divided in two groups: HRR (1-1:2) and low-ratio resuscitation (LRR RESULTS: Total of five Level I trauma centers participated with 451 patients who received MTP with 10 or more units of PRBC (fresh frozen plasma/PRBC ratios, n = 365 (80.9%) HRR vs. n = 86 (19.0%) LRR. Overall 24-hour KM survival for the HRR versus LRR was 85.2% versus 68.6% (p = 0.0004). The volume of crystalloids on KM survival curve in HRR MTP patients was not significant for mortality (p = 0.52). Morbidity odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for complications were not significant for HRR but were for crystalloids: bacteremia, 1.05 (1.0-1.1); adult respiratory distress syndrome, 1.13 (1.0-1.2), and acute renal failure, 1.05 (1.0-1.1). CONCLUSION: Our MIA results support previous studies with decreased mortality in HRR group when compared with LRR. This is the first MIA to demonstrate increased morbidity from crystalloid use in HRR. Within all MTPs with 10 or more units of PRBC, HRR was not a predictor of morbidity, but crystalloid volume was. Caution in overzealous use of crystalloid during HRR is warranted. Copyright (C) 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Injustice and Powerseeking

Lay perception and scientific accounts of powerseeking are rather uniformly negative, portraying powerseeking as dispositionally driven behavior with self-interested or antisocial origins. The present research suggests that powerseeking may be prosocially motivated, with situational rather than exclusively dispositional origins. Two experiments demonstrated that powerseeking motivation and powerseeking behavior are reliably motivated by the perception of injustice. Both experiments revealed that injustice-inspired powerseeking is mediated by the degree to which a situation is perceived to be wrong, violates beliefs regarding fairness, and inspires feelings of anger or upset. In addition, Experiment 2 revealed that the scope of justice concerns is relatively broad, in that powerseeking is not limited to injustice involving close victims.
Asymptotic analysis of a partial feedback OFDMA system employing spatial, spectral, and multiuser diversity

Spatial and multiuser diversity are two types of diversity techniques for delivering reliable high-date-rate services. Spectral diversity comes from opportunistic scheduling in the frequency domain enabled by the OFDMA technique, and is influenced by partial feedback design. By employing the best-M partial feedback strategy, we provide a unified view of spatial, spectral, and multiuser diversity through asymptotic (in users) analysis. We examine the tail behavior of the distribution of the received channel quality information (CQI) at the scheduler to prove the type of convergence as well as to derive the asymptotic approximations for the average spectral efficiency under partial feedback. We investigate the application of our analysis to different spatial diversity schemes. Our derived results can be used to quickly determine the minimum required partial feedback in a general multiuser MIMO-OFDMA system.
One-class conditional random fields for sequential anomaly detection

Sequential anomaly detection is a challenging problem due to the one-class nature of the data (i.e., data is collected from only one class) and the temporal dependence in sequential data. We present One-Class Conditional Random Fields (OCCRF) for sequential anomaly detection that learn from a one-class dataset and capture the temporal dependence structure, in an unsupervised fashion. We propose a hinge loss in a regularized risk minimization framework that maximizes the margin between each sequence being classified as "normal" and "abnormal." This allows our model to accept most (but not all) of the training data as normal, yet keeps the solution space tight. Experimental results on a number of real-world datasets show our model outperforming several baselines. We also report an exploratory study on detecting abnormal organizational behavior in enterprise social networks.
Deploying and Monitoring DNS Security (DNSSEC)

SecSpider is a DNSSEC monitoring system that helps identify operational errors in the DNSSEC deployment and discover unforeseen obstacles. It collects, verifies, and publishes the DNSSEC keys for DNSSEC-enabled zones, which enables operators of both authoritative zones and recursive resolvers to deploy DNSSEC immediately, and benefit from its cryptographic protections. In this paper we present the design and implementation of SecSpider as well as several general lessons that stem from its design and implementation.
Tetracarbonylmolybdenum complexes of 2-(phenylhydrazino)pyridine ligands.: Correlations of spectroscopic data with pyridyl substituent effects

Abstract The 2-(phenylhydrazino)pyridine (2-PHP) complexes cis -Mo(CO) 4 (X2-(phenylhydrazino)pyridine) (X=4-CH 3 O, 4-CH 3 , H, 4-Cl, 5-Br, 6-CH 3 , 4,6-(CH 3 ) 2 ) and cis -Mo(CO) 4 (2-(2-CH 3 phenylhydrazino)pyridine) have been synthesized and characterized. The properties of these complexes are compared with those of the analogous 2-(phenylazo)pyridine (2-PAP) complexes. The lack of the π-accepting azo group in the 2-PHP ligands leads to less stable complexes, including the inability even to isolate the complex with X=CF 3 . The 2-PHP complexes show very good correlations among the 95 Mo-NMR chemical shift, the sum of the carbonyl stretching frequencies, and the Hammett σ parameter for the pyridyl substituents. There is also an excellent correlation ( r =0.978, n =7) of the 95 Mo chemical shift of the 2-PHP complexes with the shift for the 2-PAP complexes. The failure of the complexes with X=6-CH 3 or 4,6-(CH 3 ) 2 or the complex cis -Mo(CO) 4 (2-(2-CH 3 phenylhydrazino)pyridine) to fit some of the correlations is attributed to steric or electronic effects. The 2-hydrazinopyridine complex cis -Mo(CO) 4 (H 2 NHNC 5 H 4 N) also was characterized.
iSwitch: Spanish-English Mixing in Computer-Mediated Communication

Technology, and the Internet in particular, have rapidly transformed the means of communication in the 21 st century, opening the door to a novel and fertile ground of research. What takes place when bi- or multilingual individuals sit at the keyboard has been the focus of several studies exploring computer-mediated communication ( CMC ). However, there appears to be a lack of research dealing specifically with Spanish-English language mixing online, a surprising fact given that Spanish is the third language of the Internet and its use has grown 800% in the last decade. The present work analyzes and compares data from three different sources of CMC (e-mail, blogs, and social networks including Facebook and Twitter) among Spanish-English bilinguals in an attempt to further explore the still relatively new field of “electronic code-switching”. The study aims to outline the reasons behind bilingual individuals’ language mixing online, hypothesizing that it will accomplish many of the socio-pragmatic functions traditionally ascribed to oral code-switching along with, perhaps, other uses idiosyncratic of CMC . Furthermore, it intends to emphasize the cultural nature of code-switching, a crucial component that has often been overlooked in the search for grammatical constraints.
The Fandom Problem: A Precarious Intersection of Fanfiction and Copyright

Every few years, popular magazines and news sources seem to rediscover the existence of fan works and fanfiction. Pointing to various online communities and websites that allow fans to share their work, the media marvels at the variety and creativity of this “new” medium, implying that fanfiction is solely a product of the Internet. Fanfiction, however, is not exclusively an Internet phenomenon.Despite its current popularity and growing presence in our social consciousness, fanfiction existed long before the Internet. The concept of taking popular characters from an existing work of fiction and recreating them in another, by altering their names or the setting in which they exist, is an essential part of entertainment. The popular new Sherlock Holmes television series on the BBC, Sherlock, and the CBS series, Elementary, are two very different interpretations of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s famous detective adventures. These two shows represent the essence of fanfiction — taking something that is loved and recreating it from a different perspective. Profit is all that separates the BBC’s Sherlock from the average piece of fanfiction.The fandom problem — the existence of a growing body of derivative works based on copyrighted content — is only a problem if the derivative work right reserved to authors by the 1976 Copyright Act continues to exist in its current state. To be rid of the fandom problem, some have argued that an exception should be made specifically for fan works under the fair use doctrine. Such an exception seems unlikely, however, given the malleable nature of the doctrine. The better solution to the fandom problem is to revise the derivative work right to exclude fan works and similar creative content from the category of infringing. Allowing people to produce creative work based on ideas of others without fear of a lawsuit would encourage creativity and “promote the progress of...[the] arts,” as envisioned by the writers of the Constitution.
Chemical Vapor Jet Deposition of Parylene Polymer Films in Air

Parylene films are commonly used as transparent, flexible coatings in electronic devices and biomedical applications, exhibiting barrier properties against corrosion, low dielectric constant, and moisture resistance. Reactive vapor deposition of parylene results in conformal coverage of features at room temperature, which is advantageous for passivating, for example, organic optoelectronic devices. Conventional parylene deposition methods, however, coat surfaces virtually indiscriminately and utilize separate chambers for vaporization, pyrolysis, and polymerization, resulting in a large footprint and limited processing integration ability, especially at a laboratory scale. Here, we demonstrate the vaporization and pyrolysis of the di-p-xylylene (parylene dimer) in a single compact nozzle, producing a jet of monomer that polymerizes into a film upon contact with the substrate at room temperature. A guard flow jet is employed to shield the reactive monomer molecules en route to the substrate, thereby enabli...
Tensor Products of Operator Spaces II

Together with Vern Paulsen we were able to show that the elementary theory of tensor norms of Banach spaces carries over to operator spaces. We suggested that the Grothendieck tensor norm program, which was of course enormously important in the development of Banach space theory, be carried out for operator spaces. Some of this has been done by the authors mentioned above, and by Effros and Ruan. We give alternative developments of some of this work, and otherwise continue the tensor norm program.
Induction of Tryptophan Pyrrolase Activity in Starving Rabbits of Different Ages.

SummaryInduction of liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity occurs readily in young rapidly growing male and female rabbits between 30-75 days of age when subjected to starvation for 24 hours or more. LTP activity in older rabbits between 4-10 months of age increases only slightly during 11 days of starvation. In the younger 30-75-day-old rabbits, intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 g L-tryp-tophan per kg body weight induces the enzyme between 7- to 15-fold over control values as compared to about 2-fold for 4-10-month-old animals.
Chemotherapy, Immunocompetence, Immunosuppression and Prognosis in Acute Leukemia

Abstract Immunologic competence was evaluated in 25 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia before and after intensive combination chemotherapy for induction of remission. Cell-mediated immunity correlated with the response to chemotherapy; 86 per cent of patients with normal delayed hypersensitivity to a battery of antigens achieved remission as compared to 25 to 50 per cent of anergic patients. In vitro lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin before and after therapy showed 41,000 and 42,000 counts per minute in patients achieving remission and of 15,000 and 9000 counts per minute in patients not achieving remission. Sixty per cent of patients showing delayed hypersensitivity after immunization entered complete remission as compared to only 37 per cent of those without this reactivity. Patients converting from immunoincompetence to immunocompetence during therapy achieved remission, whereas those converting from immunocompetence to immunoincompetence did not. Prior treatment had no effect on immune ...
Fast estimation of dense gas dispersion from multiple continuous CO2 surface leakage sources for risk assessment

Surface leakage of CO2, and associated potential impacts on health, safety, and the environment (HSE) are considered hazards of geologic carbon sequestration (GCS). There are two challenges associated with impact assessment of CO2 surface dispersion. First, the fact that CO2 is a dense gas makes its dispersion in air a complex process. Rigorous numerical solutions for modeling concentration distributions are relatively time-consuming. Second, impact assessment requires consideration of uncertainty, e.g., quantification of how much uncertainty is propagated through input parameters to model outputs by carrying out large numbers of model runs. In order to assess the potential consequences of surface leakage of CO2, it is useful to have a model that executes very quickly for repeated model calculations (e.g., in Monte Carlo mode) of the atmospheric dispersion of CO2 (concentrations as a function of space and time). In addition, the model should be able to handle multiple surface leakage sources. In this study, we have extended the nomograph approach of Britter and McQuaid (1988) for estimating dense gas plume length from single leakage source to multiple leakage sources. The method is very fast and therefore amenable to general system-level GCS risk assessment including uncertainty quantification within the framework of the National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) Integrated Assessment Model (IAM). The method is conservative in that it assumes the wind could be from any direction, and it handles multiple sources by a simple superposition approach. The method produces results in reasonable agreement with a sophisticated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, but runs in a small fraction of the time.
Evaluation of multi-scale mineralized collagen-polycaprolactone composites for bone tissue engineering

A particular challenge in biomaterial development for treating orthopedic injuries stems from the need to balance bioactive design criteria with the mechanical and geometric constraints governed by the physiological wound environment. Such trade-offs are of particular importance in large craniofacial bone defects which arise from both acute trauma and chronic conditions. Ongoing efforts in our laboratory have demonstrated a mineralized collagen biomaterial that can promote human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in the absence of osteogenic media but that possesses suboptimal mechanical properties in regards to use in loaded wound sites. Here we demonstrate a multi-scale composite consisting of a highly bioactive mineralized collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold with micron-scale porosity and a polycaprolactone support frame (PCL) with millimeter-scale porosity. Fabrication of the composite was performed by impregnating the PCL support frame with the mineral scaffold precursor suspension prior to lyophilization. Here we evaluate the mechanical properties, permeability, and bioactivity of the resulting composite. Results indicated that the PCL support frame dominates the bulk mechanical response of the composite resulting in a 6000-fold increase in modulus compared to the mineral scaffold alone. Similarly, the incorporation of the mineral scaffold matrix into the composite resulted in a higher specific surface area compared to the PCL frame alone. The increased specific surface area in the collagen-PCL composite promoted increased initial attachment of porcine adipose derived stem cells versus the PCL construct.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle in wound healing by granulation.

SummaryThe existence of all the enzymes of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in granulation tissue was demonstrated by the increase in oxygen consumption in the presence of appropriate intermediates. No effect was observed with added glucose and values for aerobic and anaerobic lactic acid production by 10-day-old granulation tissue were identical. These results suggest the absence of Pasteur effect at this stage of wound healing.
Efficacy of physical therapy combine with conductive education treatment of children with cerebral palsy

Objective To investigate physical therapy plus conductive education efficacy of treatment of children with cerebral palsy. Methods June 2010 to May 2012 in our hospital, 78 patients with cerebral palsy were analyzed according to the treatment method is divided into observation group and control groups, each group 39 cases, the observation group to guide the use of physical therapy plus style education treatment, the control group, only the use of physical therapy, clinical efficacy, motor function, mental development and independence. Results After treatment, motor function, mental development scores, functional independence score were significantly increased(P 0.05), and increased levels than the control group(P 0.05). Conclusion Physical therapy and conductive education treating children with cerebral palsy can improve motor function in patients, promote intellectual development, improve independence, the effect is significant, worthy of promotion.
Corrosion Causes Analysis of Condenser Copper Pipe in Thermal Power Plant

A thermal power plant use surface water for make-up water in Hebei southern electric grid,The corrosion of condenser copper pipe is presented in a overhaul. The corrosion condition is regular,The causes of corrosion be fund after examined the pipes,so preventive measure be presented.
Correlation between morphology and device performance of pBTTT:PC71BM solar cells

Abstract Phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) could intercalate between the side-chains of poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (pBTTT) creating a stable co-crystal structure, so optimal solar cell performance was obtained at high PC71BM concentrations promoting phase separated electron conductive pathways. Neutron reflectivity, with the application of magnetic contrast variation, was used to investigate the concentration profile of PC71BM within the active layer. And this profile was found to be homogeneous through the film thickness. Small angle neutron scattering was utilized to find there is amorphous PC71BM even at 50 wt% of fullerene while previously it was believed that all fullerene was consumed to form co-crystals when its concentration is below 75 wt%. These fullerene molecules evolve into approximately 15 nm sized agglomerates to improve the electron transport when their concentration is above 75 wt%. Thermal annealing gives these agglomerates mobility to form micrometer sized crystals causing a decrease of device performance. These findings can therefore correlate the morphology, especially in terms of fullerene agglomerates, vertical concentration profile and percolating structure they formed, with the device performance and provide valuable guidance for optimal morphology design of polymer: fullerene solar cells.
Ophthalmic atropine for sublingual use: A novel treatment for excessive respiratory secretions

We describe a novel case of utilizing ophthalmic atropine suspension via sublingual route to control excessive secretions in a critically ill patient. In addition, a medication event related to a labeling and administration event is described where the patient received the drug via ophthalmic route. A 32-year-old Hispanic female presenting with NMDA-receptor antibody mediated encephalitis experienced a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay secondary to hypercarbic respiratory failure complicated by excessive respiratory secretions. After one week on mechanical ventilation, the patient was set to undergo a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement and tracheotomy. The patient’s respiratory status was compromised by copious secretion production, preventing the patient from being transitioned to the general care floor. For secretion control, pharmacological interventions such as scopolamine transdermal patches and glycopyrrolate oral tablets were trialed, however systemic exposure to these agents resulted in urinary retention requiring catherization with a mild and persistent tachycardia. Ophthalmic atropine was administered sublingually at a dose of 1 mg every six hours to provide local relief of the patient's secretion production. Secretion production improved within 72 hours and the patient’s urinary retention resolved at the time of scopolamine and glycopyrrolate discontinuation. Previously in the literature the use of sublingual atropine was only described for secretion control in patients receiving end of life care, drug induced sialorrhea and neuro-developmental disorders. As observed in this case report, sublingual atropine may be an effective treatment to control respiratory secretions in critically ill patients who are unable to tolerate other therapies.