cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Complex Paradigm in Management

The paper describes the complexity phenomena in organization development using complexity theory.The uncertainties in an organization′s development and its operation environment in the knowledge economy make more and more specialists in management tend to regard an organization as a nonlinear complex system.Therefore,theoretical paradigms in management feature that nonlinear and complex systematic theories are used to solve problems in organization change and development,and explain new problems and phenomena emerging from the processes of organization change and development.
Simultaneous determination of 22 additives in beverage by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Objective To establish a method for determination of 22 food additives, including 6 preservatives, 5 sweeteners, 5 antioxidants and 6 colorants in beverage by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS) simultaneously. Methods Samples were extracted by acetonitrile/water and the extract was centrifuged at 10000 r/min for 10 min. Then supernatant was diluted and injected directly into the mass spectrometer. The whole procedure could be completed within 0.5 h. Quantification was based on external calibration. Results The correlation coefficient was higher than 0.995 in the range of 5~320 μg/L. The average recovery of 22 food additives in fruit juice was 63.3%~107.9%. The limit of quantitation was from 0.05 mg/kg to 0.4 mg/kg and the relative standard deviation was between 7.0% and 14.8%. Conclusion This quantitative method has many advantages including simple pretreatment, rapid determination and high sensitivity, which can be applied to the real determination.
Social Structure, Personality and Affect, A Systems Approach

Affects, which are inborn biological programs and become signals of system functioning, are elicited by situational events and foster corrections by feedback and feedforward processes. The paper considers these affects in the context of sociological approaches to personality, as well as the relation between the former and pattern recall.
Integrated high voltage photo-voltaic device for radiation detector systems

Many detectors used in particle physics and photon science require a high bias voltage to function properly. The needed electrical potentials range from tens of volts to hundreds of kilovolts. In most instances the applied voltage must be gradually raised or tuned depending to the conditions, which necessitates the ability to precisely vary the bias. Traditional electrical supplies are often expensive, bulky, difficult to design, subject to grounding issues, and prone to failure. High bias voltages introduce safety concerns that can be mitigated by confining the high voltages to where they are required. To address these and other issues a novel process has been developed for micro-machined, integrated photovoltaic devices that are scalable up to 10 kV per chip or higher. The process is based on a silicon-on-insulated substrate and uses plasma-etched trenches to isolate each diode from its neighbors. Prototype devices have been successfully manufactured and tested.
Abstract 16113: Upregulation of Cardiac β3-Adrenergic Signaling Promotes Heart Failure Progression

Background. The negative inotrope and upregulation of β3-adrenergic receptors (AR) in failing human and animal hearts suggest a direct and contributing role of cardiac β3-AR activation on heart failure (HF) progression. However, its precise role is still being debated. We hypothesize that up-regulation of β3-AR is detrimental and chronic β3-AR blockade may limit or prevent the progression of HF. Methods. We determined Left ventricular (LV) and myocyte functional response and β1- and β3-AR expressions in 3 groups of rats (6/group) for a period of 4 months: 1) Isoproterenol (ISO)-treated, 4 months after receiving ISO (170 mg/kg, sq, for 2 days); 2) ISO/β3-ANT, two months after receiving ISO, L-748,337, a selective β3-AR antagonist (β3-ANT) (10-7 M/kg/day by implanted osmotic mini pump) was initiated after established HF and was given for 2 months; and 3) sham controls. Results. Compared with controls, ISO-treated rats had HF onset at one month after ISO and progressed to severe HF at 4 months. Plasma norepinephrine (NE, 1482 vs 247 pg/ml) increased 6 fold. Both stroke volume (SV) and ejection fraction (EF, 32% vs 61%) decreased more than 48%, and LV end-diastolic pressure (PED, 15.4 vs 6.0 mmHg) doubled, parallel with 48% reductions in cell contraction (dL/dtmax,78 vs 149 μm/s) and relaxation (dR/dtmax, 66 vs 128 μm/s) and a much less increase in dL/dtmax(30% vs 74%) in response to superfusion of ISO (10-8 M). These changes were associated with significantly decreased β1-AR mRNA (0.30 vs 0.64) and protein levels (0.36 vs 0.62), but increased β3-AR mRNA (1.29 vs 0.52) and protein levels (0.35 vs 0.18). Treatment with β3-ANT significantly decreased PED and plasma NE (191 pg/ml). Both SV and EF (59%) increased to more than 76% from ISO-treated values. The signal ratios of β1-AR mRNA (0.61) and β3-AR mRNA (0.59) remained close to control levels. ISO-induced increase in dL/dtmax (75%) was also significantly augmented. Conclusion. Chronic β3-ANT prevented plasma norepinephrine elevations and causes normalization of β1- and β3-AR gene expression, restores normal responsiveness of myocyte to β-AR stimulation, and leads to regression of LV and myocyte dysfunction in a rat model of progressive HF. Thus, β3-AR blocker may provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HF.
Transcranial Doppler Sonography Reveals Reductions in Hemispheric Asymmetry in Healthy Older Adults during Vigilance.

Given that older adults are remaining longer in the workforce, their ability to perform demanding cognitive tasks such as vigilance assignments needs to be thoroughly examined, especially since many vigilance assignments affect public safety (e.g., aviation, medicine, and long distance driving). Previous research exploring the relation between aging and vigilance is conflicted, with some studies finding decreased vigilance performance in older adults but others finding no effect of age. We sought a better understanding of effects of age on vigilance by assessing neurophysiological change over the course of a vigil in young (aged 18-24) and healthy older (aged 66-77) adults. To measure temporal changes in cerebral blood flow, participants underwent functional transcranial doppler (fTCD) recording during a one-hour vigilance task. Based on research showing a compensatory effect of increased left hemisphere activation during vigilance in young adults and the ‘hemispheric asymmetry reduction in older adults’ (HAROLD) model, we predicted that during vigilance our older adults would show greater left hemisphere activation but perform at a similar level compared to young adults. While cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) declined over time in both groups, only young adults showed the typical right-lateralized CBFV pattern. Older adults showed greater left hemisphere activation consistent with the HAROLD model. However, the increased left hemisphere activation did not appear to be compensatory as the older adults performed at a significantly lower level compared to young adults over the vigil. Findings are discussed in terms of the HAROLD model of healthy aging and the resource theory of vigilance.
Computationally efficient change analysis of piece-wise cylindrical building elements for proactive project control

Abstract The designs of large-scale building systems, such as Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP) systems, undergo spatial changes during design-construction coordination, and as a result, their as-built conditions deviate, in some cases significantly, from their as-designed conditions. Construction engineers need to detect and analyze the differences between as-designed and as-built conditions of building systems promptly for responsive change management. Existing data-model comparison approaches either cannot correctly detect changed objects packed in small spaces, or cannot handle the computational complexity of comparing detailed as-designed and as-built geometries of MEP systems that contain hundreds or even thousands of elements (e.g., ducts). This paper presents a computationally efficient spatial-change-detection approach that reliably compares as-designed Building Information Models (BIMs) and 3D as-built models derived from laser scan data. It integrates nearest neighbor searching and relational graph based matching approaches to achieve computationally efficient change detection and management. A case study using data collected from a campus building was conducted to compare the new change detection approach proposed in this paper against the state-of-the-art change detection techniques. The results indicate that the proposed approach is capable of making more precise data-model comparisons in a computationally efficient manner compared to existing data-model comparison techniques.
Small signal modeling of dual-edge PWM modulator with fixed clock frequency

In this paper, the describing function approach is used to model a dual-edge PWM modulator with a fixed clock frequency. A detailed PWM modulator circuit configuration is introduced with the derivation of the model. Good matching is observed when comparing the analytical model and SIMPLIS simulation. System level analysis demonstrates the advantages of the proposed model versus a conventional average model. The proposed model enables a more accurate compensator design for predicting the dynamic characteristics of the entire system.
Source coding with distortion profile constraints

In rate-distortion theory, three main types of distortion constraints have been popular: average, pointwise, and excess probability (aka ∊-fidelity). A new setup is proposed here, which is suitable for fixed-length codes and constrains the distribution (profile) of distortions. This is accomplished by imposing multiple constraints on excess-distortion probabilities as well as an optional constraint on average distortion. We show that coding redundancy for compressing discrete memoryless sources is upper-bounded by R 2 /√n + log n/2n + O(log log n/n) + R 4 + o(1) where n is the block length, R 2 the second-order coding rate, and R 4 a constant. For the special case of coding with a single ∊-fidelity constraint, R 2 = √V Q−1(∊) where V is the source rate-dispersion function, and Q is the tail probability of a normal random variable. The upper bound is proved using a random coding scheme and deriving exact asymptotics for the probability of distortion balls with input type dependent radius.
Validity of code based algorithms to identify primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Veterans Affairs (VA) administrative databases.

Purpose: The validity of the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) code for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Department of Veterans Affairs ...
Telemedicine Support Groups for Home Parenteral Nutrition Users

Patients receiving home parenteral nutrition (HPN), a life-sustaining intravenous (IV) infusion that provides nourishment and hydration to patients with short gut or inflammatory bowel diseases, are often isolated and not in visual contact with peers or health providers. One completed clinical trial (Clinical Trials.gov NCT0190028) and 1 ongoing clinical trial (Clinical Trials.gov NCT02987569) are evaluating a mobile videoconferencing-delivered support group intervention for patients on HPN and their caregivers. This home-based telemedicine intervention uses encrypted tablet-based videoconferencing to connect multiple families in real time. The twice-daily IV regimen is challenging for patients who may experience infusion catheter-related bloodstream infections, difficulties with fatigue, loss of sleep, depressive disorders, and worry over the potential life-threatening side effects and the expenses of this therapy. Using secure telemedicine, the facilitated support group intervention aims to enhance HPN home care, daily functioning, and quality of life. The authors provide the rationale for the telemedicine approach with HPN users and caregivers. They provide "how-to" information about the content and process of the facilitated support group sessions via secure videoconferencing. They share lessons learned from the ongoing evaluation of the telemedicine approach.
Loyalty: theoretical development and its practice in hospitality and tourism

This research takes a comprehensive approach to synthetise the theoretical and practical development of the concept of customer loyalty between 1920s and 2000s. The four eras of theoretical development of loyalty concept can be characterised as origination and brand loyalty (1920s-1940s), multidisciplinary exploration (1950s), systematic conceptualisation (1960s) and theoretical advancement (1970s-present). Key theories in each era are discussed. The concept of loyalty is practiced in hospitality and tourism in four major areas: typology, previous experience and repeat visitation, relationship with satisfaction and systematic exploration. Results of this review call for more research on theoretical development on tourist loyalty.
An Interview with Slaven Zivkovic on the 10th Anniversary of LibGuides

Column description. The Technology column examines current and developing technology topics in libraries. The column’s focus is creative uses of technology, introductions to new technologies, and c...
MEMS Opportunities in Accelerometers and Gyros and the Microtribology Problems Limiting Commercialization

This paper discusses the application of surface micromachined technology to opportunities in accelerometers and gyros. Consideration is from the design and development of two micron polysilicon mechanical structures (LPCVD) that are integrated with a BIMOS process on a single IC chip. The limitations of commercialization due to high static friction (stiction) is discussed especially with consideration of the conflicting manufacturing processes required to build an integrated MEMS device and minimize high static friction. The product trends are to structures that have larger compliance and therefore require “nonsticky surfaces”. This is further complicated by device robustness expectations and very low ppm failure rates in the applications. The gyro places additional challenges on the technology with the need for high vibrational Q’s achieved by vacuum environments. This paper concludes with identification of critical research issues and how the MEMS industry can be enhanced with a better understanding of Microtribology.
Nivolumab for the treatment of urothelial cancers.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Advanced urothelial cancer patients had limited therapeutic options following failure of platinum-based chemotherapy. The recognition that anti-PD1/PDL1 immune checkpoint inhibitors lead to dramatic and durable responses in a subset of patients has transformed the therapeutic landscape of these cancers. Since May 2016, five agents targeting this pathway have been approved by the US FDA, including the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab.Areas covered: The purpose of this paper was to review the safety, activity and efficacy of nivolumab, an anti-PD1 checkpoint inhibitor for the treatment of locally-advanced or metastatic urothelial cancers. Future therapeutic perspectives were also discussed.Expert commentary: Nivolumab is one of five anti-PD1/PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors approved for treatment of advanced urothelial cancers. While durable responses can be observed, only 15 – 24% of patients are likely to respond. To date, there are no validated biomarkers, including PDL1 expression, which might a...
Current Topics in Common Method Variance Research

Many conceptual and empirical studies have examined the potential biasing effects of common method variance when employee self-reports have been used. In this symposium, we include four papers that...
Effect of frequency scaling granularity on energy-saving strategies:

Energy efficiency and energy proportional computing have become major constraints in the design of modern exascale platforms. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is one of the most commonl...
Midterm failure of combined phacoemulsification with trabecular microbypass stenting: Clinicopathological analysis

A propagation of microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) techniques and devices has resulted in the availability of multiple new modalities for surgical intervention for open-angle glaucoma. As MIGS devices and methods approach a new phase in maturity, midterm failures will inevitably be reported. Although MIGS techniques prioritize safety, an understanding of the potential mechanisms of failure is paramount. In this case of a midterm failure of a trabecular microbypass, clinical findings and pathological correlates allow for a comprehensive understanding of the means by which MIGS devices might fail and offer the opportunity for intervention and potential prevention.
Esophageal Stents: Indications and Placement Techniques

For over a century, the creation of a new esophageal lumen through an obstruction – either benign or malignant – by the placement of an endoprosthesis has been possible. Though the concept has not changed during that time, the materials used certainly have. The use of catheter-bound, self-expanding metal as well as plastic stents has led to an easier and far safer means of minimally invasive treatments for a variety of conditions within the esophagus. Malignant esophageal obstruction remains, by far, the leading indication for esophageal stent placement; however, other conditions such as tracheoesophageal fistula, refractory benign esophageal strictures, iatrogenic perforation, and anastomotic leaks can also be successfully managed in this fashion. Esophageal stent placement is safe and technically feasible in most patients, and the devices are associated with high rates of initial symptom relief and leak closure. Despite this, the major drawback for these devices remains the high rate of reintervention due to stent occlusion and migration.
Acute Dyskinesias in Non-Ketotic Hyperglycemia (NKH): A Systematic Review of the Literature and Four New Cases (P07.216)

OBJECTIVE: To present a systematic review of acute dyskinesias in non-ketotic hyperglycemia, neuroimaging information and contributing factors. BACKGROUND: Acute dyskinesia in non-ketotic hyperglycemia was first described by Bedwell in 1960 (Neurology 10:619). A comprehensive and systematic review of this subject has not been reported previously. DESIGN/METHODS: References for this review were identified by searches of Pub MED from 1960-2012, Boston University Primo by Ex Libris and the Yale University library literature research program. RESULTS: A total of 23 manuscripts were identified encompassing 74 patients (including 4 of our own). The movements were reported as chorea, ballismus and dystonia. Movements were unilateral in 73% of the patients. There was a predominance of females (66%). The blood glucose levels ranged from 202 mg/dL to 1470 mg/dL (average 560 mg/dL). Patients with a modest increase in serum glucose had a pre-existing lesion in the basal ganglia which was shown in neuroimaging. Magnetic resonance imaging was reported in 62 patients (84%). Sixty patients had an abnormal study (97%). The most common form of abnormality in MRI was hyperintesitry of T1 weighted images. The most common site of abnormality was in the putamen, contralateral to the effected side. Two studies reported single photon imaging tomography (SPECT) which showed decreased perfusion in the striatum contralateral to the side of dyskinesia. Abnormal movements disappeared within a week in majority of the patients (59%) after correction of the hyperglycemia. In some patients with preexisting lesions, movements continued beyond two years. The cause of acute dyskinesia in NKH has been attributed to loss of GABAergic and cholinergic neurons in the basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS: Non-ketotic hyperglycemia is an underdiagnosed cause of acute choreo-ballisic movements. Early detection and aggressive treatment can lead to total resolution of symptoms in the majority of patients. Disclosure: Dr. Lakraj has nothing to disclose. Dr. Madabusi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sorokin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jabbari has received research support from Allergan, Inc., Merz Pharma, and Ipsen.
Health Behavior in Religious Communities

The focus of this chapter is health behavior, as defined for this Handbook, among members of religious communities. Relevant literature was culled from the domain of empirical psychology and medicine and from the discursive writings of theologians and leaders of religious communities. Topics include both ideal and actual practice of health behavior, as well as the effects of such behaviors on health status.
Evolutionary Responses to Infectious Disease

This is a review of consequences of infectious diseases for human societies, mostly from the perspective of anthropology. As humans became successful and numerous in prehistory the nature of our burden of infectious disease changed, most prominently from mostly macroparasites to mostly microparasites. Evolution is often regarded as a benefit to individuals and populations but such a view is not warranted. Adaptation to infectious disease, for example, may lead to persistent damaging genetic variants in populations that cause illness and death long after the disease is eliminated.
The Ministry of Works and the Development of Souvenir Guides from 1955

The first formal guidebooks for historic sites placed in state guardianship in the United Kingdom appeared in 1917. There was an expansion of the series in the 1930s and 1950s. However, from the la...
Transitioning Through Emerging Adulthood and Physical Health Implications

Emerging adulthood represents a developmental period marked by many life transitions as 18- to 29-year-olds leave adolescence to adulthood. Some individuals can successfully navigate through this t...
Potentiometric methods for determination of autoprotolysis constants of amphiprotic non-aqueous solvents

Abstract An independent potentiometric method is developed for the determination of autoprotolysis constants of nonaqueous amphiprotic solvents. The data of potentiometric titrations of a weak protolyte (base or acid) with a strong one are used for calculation of both autoprotolysis constant of the solvent and acid—base constant of the protolyte. The calculations are based on the method of least-squares in combination with the “pit-mapping” procedure developed by Sillen. The validity of the method was proved by the determination of the autoprotolysis constant of water. The method has no restriction concerning the strength of the weak protolyte, the latter being its main advantage. The autoprotolysis constants of methanol and ethylene glycol were determined by means of the proposed method too. The obtained values of p K MeOH =17.00 and p K EG =15.91 are in a good agreement with some recent data.
PD36-12 CHARACTERIZATION OF SAFETY EVENTS FOR ENERGY-BASED DEVICES FOR TREATMENT OF VAGINAL SYMPTOMS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION MANUFACTURER AND USER FACILITY DEVICE EXPERIENCE (MAUDE) DATABASE FROM 2013 TO 2016

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Energy-based devices have gained momentum as minimally invasive procedures to stimulate collagen regeneration in the female lower genital tract and treat vaginal symptom...
Visual Deception: From Camo to Cameron

Perhaps visual deception was first introduced in ancient mythology as fig leaves used to cover the supposed sins of the human body. In more modern times, visual messages and trickery are inevitably entwined to produce pleasure or pain among fans or victims. This chapter introduces the reader to the concept of visual deception as noted in a variety of constructs: camouflage, magic, disguise, optical illusions, trompe l’oeil, advertising, photography, robots, augmented and virtual realities, and motion pictures. It concludes with a call to producers to use the power of deception in order to increase compassion and empathy.
Effect of Raspberry Ketone on Normal, Obese and Health-Compromised Obese Mice: A Preliminary Study.

Raspberry ketone (RK)—an aromatic compound found mostly in red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) is widely used as an over the counter product for weight loss. The present study was conducted to determine...
A Public Health Messaging Campaign to Reduce Caloric Intake: Feedback From Expert Stakeholders.

ABSTRACT Objective To obtain expert feedback on a public health messaging campaign to reduce caloric intake in US adults. Design and Setting In 2018, researchers conducted semistructured telephone interviews with US-based experts in obesity prevention, mental health, and health communications. Participants The research team invited 100 experts to participate using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Of those invited, 60 completed interviews, among which 37 (62%) were obesity prevention experts, 12 (20%) were mental health experts, and 11 (18%) were health communications experts. Main Outcome Measure Expert feedback regarding a public health messaging campaign to reduce caloric intake. Analysis Two researchers reviewed and coded all transcripts. The team identified major themes and summarized findings. Results Most experts identified barriers to effective calorie reduction including social and environmental factors, lack of actionable strategies, and confusion regarding healthy eating messages. Expert suggestions for effective messaging included addressing eating patterns, emphasizing nutrient density, and dissemination through multiple channels and trusted sources. In general, mental health experts more frequently voiced concerns regarding eating disorders, and communications experts raised issues regarding the dissemination of campaigns. Conclusions and Implications Professionals should identify and address barriers to delivering a calorie reduction campaign before implementation, using strategies that enhance delivery to ensure an effective campaign.
The Trade and Culture Debate: Evidence from U.S. Trade Agreements, by Gilbert Gagné, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2016. xxiii + 190 pp. $81.11.

Culture and commerce are typically thought to inhabit different realms. This may be more the accepted wisdom in the United States where culture is associated with the ‘high arts’ (for example, orch...
Does Immediate Inferior Alveolar Nerve Allograft Reconstruction Result in Functional Sensory Recovery in Pediatric Patients

Purpose Ablative mandibular resection may result in neurosensory loss and decreased quality-of-life, yet nerve reconstruction is not performed routinely for various reasons, including increased operative time. This study aimed to determine whether immediate inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) allograft reconstruction provides functional sensory recovery (FSR) in the pediatric age group. Patients and Methods This multicenter retrospective cohort study included pediatric patients who underwent mandibular resection with IAN discontinuity and a nerve allograft greater than 45 mm. A positive control group also was included, comprising pediatric patients who underwent mandibular resection without nerve reconstruction. The primary predictor variable was the use of a nerve allograft; a secondary variable was the time to achieve FSR using the Medical Research Council Scale. Comparisons were made to historical adult data. Statistical analysis of the comparison of neurosensory outcomes over time was measured by weighted values, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and the McNemar test. Results The study group consisted of 32 patients, 18 in the graft group and 14 in the non-graft group, without significant differences in age, gender, or nerve gap length. By 1 year, FSR was achieved in 100% in the study group and 0% in the control group (P Conclusions Long-span nerve allografts were effective in restoring sensation to the lip and chin in pediatric patients, with 100% reaching FSR, whereas no patients without nerve reconstruction achieved FSR. Pediatric patients recovered to a higher level of FSR than adults at 1 year. Immediate IAN reconstruction in pediatric patients should be considered strongly when the mandible requires resection with sacrifice of the IAN.
Distributed Transaction and Self-healing System of DAOS.

The Distributed Asynchronous Object Storage (DAOS) is an open source scale-out storage system designed from the ground up to support Storage Class Memory (SCM) and NVMe storage in user space. DAOS uses an optimized two-phase commit protocol to guarantee atomicity of distributed I/O. This protocol is tightly coupled with the self-healing system of DAOS, in contrast with traditional two-phase commit protocol that is blocking when coordinator fails, this protocol can proceed in presence of failure, and it also has shorter transaction response time than the traditional protocol, these characteristics are important for massively distributed and low latency storage system like DAOS. This paper introduces the distributed transaction and self-healing system of DAOS, and presents the performance benefits of the transaction protocol.
Shared-Task Worklists Improve Clinical Trial Recruitment Workflow in an Academic Emergency Department.

Background Clinical trials performed in our emergency department at Barnes-Jewish Hospital utilize a centralized infrastructure for alerting, screening, and enrollment with rule-based alerts sent to clinical research coordinators. Previously, all alerts were delivered as text messages via dedicated cellular phones. As the number of ongoing clinical trials increased, the volume of alerts grew to an unmanageable level. Therefore, we have changed our primary notification delivery method to study-specific, shared-task worklists integrated with our pre-existing web-based screening documentation system. Objective To evaluate the effects on screening and recruitment workflow of replacing text-message delivery of clinical trial alerts with study-specific shared-task worklists in a high-volume academic emergency department supporting multiple concurrent clinical trials. Methods We analyzed retrospective data on alerting, screening, and enrollment for 10 active clinical trials pre- and postimplementation of shared-task worklists. Results Notifications signaling the presence of potentially eligible subjects for clinical trials were more likely to result in a screen (p Conclusion Shared-task worklists, with the functionalities we have described, offer a viable alternative to delivery of clinical trial alerts via text message directly to clinical research coordinators recruiting for multiple concurrent clinical trials in a high-volume academic emergency department.
A Research Agenda for the Study of Southeast Asian Liberalisms

This article proposes a research agenda for a sympathetic study of liberalism in Southeast Asia. To do so, it outlines a vision for liberal scholarship, after which it responds to three obstacles t...
Bureaucracy … Civilized Life

I have now dealt with the question of what happened to U.S. R&D after World War II, and I have suggested a transfer of powers from our central bureaucracies to local institutions. My final story illustrates how bureaucratic structures make life more difficult, even impossible, For those few who dare to enter upon new paths of thought and desire.
Lipids and lipoproteins in 927 schoolchildren, ages 6 to 17 years.

To elucidate associations of age. sex, and race with plasma lipoproteins, and to provide percentile distribution data for pediatric lipoproteins, 927 (684 white, 243 black) fasting schoolchildren, ages 6 to 17 years, were studied. During ages 6 to 11 there were no significant changes in lipids or lipoproteins in any of the sex-, racespecific groups, and no consistent trends were evident. For ages 12 to 17 in both black and white male subjects, mean triglyceride levels were higher (P
Observation of coherent superconducting gapexcitations in MgB/sub 2/

We report the observation of coherent superconducting gap oscillations in MgB2 films at 3 K using time-resolved spectroscopy. Oscillations at frequencies of 124 cm-1, 103 cm -1 and 56 cm-1 were observed. Spontaneous Raman spectra show a gap at 110 cm-1
A Unified Approach to the Analysis and Design of Predictive Control

A unified design and analysis method for predictive control is developed, using a special input-output matrix representation. It generalizes a large class of existing predictive control algorithms. This framework leads to computational savings in predictor calculations, provides a general setting for the analysis of stability properties, and can be used to specify closed-loop response properties of controlled systems.
Dynamic behavior of automotive catalysts. III: Transient enhancement of water-gas shift over rhodium

The participation of the water-gas shift reaction in the transient response of Rh-containing catalysts in exhaust was demonstrated by comparing the responses of a Pt/Rh/Ce/Al2O3 catalyst, a Rh-free Pt/Ce/Al2O3catalyst, and a Ce-free Pt/Rh/Al2O3 catalyst. Each of the bead-type catalysts was mounted in a converter in the exhaust system of a gasoline engine. Infrared diode laser spectroscopy was used to measure CO concentrations in exhaust simultaneously at the converter inlet and outlet with high time-resolution. In the first series of experiments, a catalyst was stabilized under rich exhaust and then given a 1-s exposure to lean exhaust. Following the subsequent lean-to-rich transition, a transient reduction in CO emission was observed over all three catalysts. The reduction in CO emission over the PtCe catalyst could be explained by reaction of CO with oxygen “stored” in the catalyst and CO adsorption and accumulation in the catalyst. The reductions in CO emissions over the two Rh-containing catalysts were greater than the amounts that could be explained by CO and oxygen accumulation and reaction but were consistent with a transient enhancement of the water-gas shift reaction over Rh. Lean-to-rich step response experiments provided further evidence of the participation of water-gas shift in the dynamic behavior of three-way automotive catalysts. During air-fuel ratio cycling and the warmed-up portion of the Federal Test Procedure, time-averaged CO conversions decreased in the order Pt/Rh/Ce>PtCe>PtRh. This ranking suggests that oxygen accumulation and reaction over Ce contributes somewhat more to CO conversion during driving than water-gas shift over Rh.
Dependencia fiscal y estrategias de coalición en el federalismo mexicano

This paper explores Mexican fiscal federalism from the point of view of legislative coalition building. The analysis of connected minimal winning coalitions (CMWC) suggests that although coalition formation will be difficult, given the high degree of party discipline in the legislature, a reform of fiscal federalism in Mexico is possible. However, such reform can lead either to a highly redistributive system, which would further reinforce the vertical imbalances of the current arrangement; or to a greater devolution of tax authority benefiting rich states, which would further enhance regional inequality.
System development for linked-fermentation production of solvents from algal biomass

Five species of the genus Dunaliella (D. tertiolecta, D. primolecta, D. parva, D. bardawil, and D. salina) were examined for glycerol accumulation, growth rate, cell density, and protein and chlorophyll content. The suitability of each algal species for use as a fermentation substrate was judged according to glycerol accumulation and quantities of neutral solvents produced after sequential bacterial fermentations. When grown in 2 M NaCl, with 24 mM NaHCO3 or 3% CO2 at 28°C and with 10,000 to 15,000 lx of incident light on two sides of a glass aquarium, four of the five species tested produced ca. 10 to 20 mg of glycerol per liter of culture. Clostridium pasteurianum was found to convert an algal biomass mixture supplemented with 4% glycerol to ca. 16 g of mixed solvents (n-butanol, 1,3-propanediol, and ethanol) per liter. Acetone was not detected. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that Dunaliella concentrates of up to 300-fold can be directly fermented to an identical pattern of mixed solvents. Overall solvent yields were reduced by >50% when fermentations were performed in the presence of 2% NaCl. These results are discussed in terms of practical application in tropical coastal zones.
Analysis and design of an optical trapped nanodipole using plasmonic core-shell particles

In this paper we adapt to optical wavelengths the principles of operation of trapped dipole antennas, which typically operate in the low MHz frequency range. The proposed nanoantenna consists of a plasmonic nanorod as its baseline element. Along its length the nanorod is loaded with plasmonic core-shell particles also referred to as “traps”. These function as nanocircuits that create the equivalent response of a parallel LC circuit at resonance. When the traps resonate, open-circuit conditions are established at the two ends of the nanorod section defined in between them. This naturally results in the excitation of the shorter section's λ/2 resonance. In this way trapped dipoles, apart from their original λ/2 resonance (due to their total length), exhibit an additional radiating mode which is excited when the traps resonate. This property enables the dual-mode operation of the dipole antenna. Our analysis clearly demonstrates the tuning capabilities that plasmonic core-shell particles can offer while it further introduces a simple and practical approach to engineer dual-mode optical sensors.
Reactivities of amine functions grafted to carbon fiber surfaces by tetraethylenepentamine. Designing interfacial bonding

Abstract PAN-base carbon fibers were oxidized with 70% nitric acid at 115 °C to introduce surface carboxyl, hydroxyl and other oxygenated functions. Subsequent reactions of these surfaces at 190–200 °C with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) generated amide bonds at carboxyl and ester sites thereby grafting TEPA and introducing primary and secondary amine groups onto the fiber surfaces. The reactivity of these surface-bound amine groups was evaluated in reactions with the small model reagents: phenyl isocyanates, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, acetic anhydride and styrene oxide. Larger model reagents including isocyanate-terminated prepolymers and a series of epoxy resin prepolymers (MW 378–1000) were also used. The reactivity of the surface carboxyl and hydroxyl functions (introduced by nitric acid oxidation) was also examined in reactions with phenyl isocyanate. About 30% of these acidic functions were able to react with phenyl isocyanate. After grafting TEPA to the fibers, acetic anhydride and phenyl isocyanate reacted with 60% and 52%, respectively, of the surface-grafted amine groups. The larger isocyanate prepolymers reacted with only 2.5 to 7.8% of the amino groups and three epoxy resins, with molecular weights of 378, 500 and 1000, reacted with 15, 7.8 and 5.3% of the surface amino groups, respectively. The grafting efficiencies to surface amino groups (Ge) and the molecular weights of the reagent being grafted fit the relationship Ge = KMna where K = 3.07 × 103 and a = −0.848 for isocyanates, whereas K = 2.57 × 104 and a = −1.25 for the epoxy compounds.
Modeling the results of two recent mesoscale dispersion experiments

Abstract Two recent dispersion experiments conducted to distances of 100km were used to verify a mesoscale trajectory-diffusion model. Both experiments were conducted during the daytime under very unstable conditions. Vertical mixing coefficients of 30–60 m 2 s −1 were required for calculations to match observed concentrations. The type, spacing, and frequency of observed winds used to compute the model's advection term were found to significantly affect the calculated trajectories when wind flows were complex.
Perchlorate trophic transfer increases tissue concentrations above ambient water exposure alone in a predatory fish.

This study examined effects of varying concentrations of the environmental contaminant perchlorate in northern pike (Esox lucius) based on exposure in water and/or from prey (threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus). Routes of exposure to pike were through contaminated water at 0, 10, or 100 mg/L perchlorate for 49 d and/or through feeding, 1 per day over 14 d, sticklebacks that were previously maintained in water at 0, 10, or 100 mg/L perchlorate. Both water and food significantly contributed to pike tissue concentrations of perchlorate as compared to controls, but, as expected for a water-soluble contaminant, perchlorate did not biomagnify from prey to predatory fish. Pike gastrointestinal tissue retained significantly more perchlorate than other tissues combined. Route of exposure and concentration of perchlorate in various media are important to consider in risk assessment when evaluating uptake and tissue concentration of perchlorate because significantly higher tissue concentrations may resul...
The Intersection of Disability, Diversity, and Domestic Violence: Results of National Focus Groups

Using data from two national focus groups of 19 key informants, this article explores the unique issues faced by people with physical and sensory disabilities in accessing help for domestic violence, with a particular emphasis on the experiences of people of color with disabilities. In addition, this study explores the programmatic preferences of people of color with disabilities in seeking help in regards to domestic violence, and assesses the cultural competence, disability awareness, and domestic violence awareness of domestic violence service providers and disability organizations.
A Note on "Axioms" for Computational Complexity and Computation of Finite Functions

Recent studies of computational complexity have focused on “axioms” which characterize the “difficulty of a computation” (Blum, 1967a or the measure of the “size of a program,” (Blum, 1967b and Pager, 1969) . In this paper we wish to carefully examine the consequences of hypothesizing a relation which connects measures of size and of difficulty of computation. The relation is motivated by the fact that computations are performed “a few instructions at a time” so that if one has a bound on the difficulty of a computation, one also has a bound on the “number of executed instructions.” This relation enables one to easily show that algorithms exist for finding the most efficient programs for computing finite functions. This result, which has been obtained independently for certain Turing machine measures by David Pager, contrasts sharply with results for measures of size, where it is known that no algorithm can exist for going from a finite function to the shortest program for computing it (Blum, 1967b) (Pager, 1969) . In a concluding section, which can be read independently of the above-mentioned results, some remarks are made about the desirability of using a program for computing an infinite function when one is interested in the function only on some finite domain. There is nothing deep in this paper, and we hope that a reader familiar with the rudiments of recursion theory will find this paper a simple introduction to the “axiomatic” theory of computational complexity. Such a reader might do well to begin with the concluding remarks after reading the basic definitions.
Electric charging in liquid hydrocarbon filtration: A comparison of theory and experiments

Abstract Experimental data are presented on the charging emfs developed by various types of Millipore filters and a Velcon fuel filter. The filtrate is heptane doped with Shell ASA-3 antistatic additives. In the experiments, the filter pore radius varied by a factor of 30, the filter thickness was varied by a factor of 6, the flow speed by a factor of over 10 3 , and the conductivity by a factor of 2. Good agreement is obtained between the experiments and the theory for charging developed by Huber and Sonin [ J. Colloid Interface Sci. 60, III (1977 )]. As a by-product of the comparison, we obtain estimates for the mobilities of the ions of ASA-3 in heptane: κ + = (0.91 ± 0.21) × 10 −8 m 2 V −1 sec − and κ − = (1.61 ± 0.37) × 10 −8 m 2 V −1 sec −1 .
Distinctive features in the production of IL-6 by human T cells☆

The production of IL-6 was studied in purified populations of human peripheral blood T cells and monocytes. IL-6 could be elicited from both T cells and thymocytes by a variety of polyclonal stimuli. The expression and production of IL-6 in T cells varied in several ways from that of monocytes: (1) under maximal stimulation, T cells secreted 10-fold less IL-6 than did monocytes; (2) by Western blot, the molecular isoforms produced by T cells were distinct from those produced by monocytes, with at least some isoforms being unique to each cell type; (3) the kinetics of IL-6 expression and production was much slower in T cells than in monocytes; (4) the frequency of labeled cells detected by in situ hybridization was 4% for T cells and 34% for monocytes. Our data indicate that there is considerable diversification among cell types in terms of regulation of IL-6 production and possibly in post-translational modifications. This raises the possibility that the IL-6 produced by different cell types may have varying effects depending on the form produced and the timing of synthesis.
Touching random surfaces and Liouville gravity.

Large [ital N] matrix models modified by terms of the form [ital g]([ital Tr][Phi][sup [ital n]])[sup 2] generate random surfaces which touch at isolated points. Matrix model results indicate that, as [ital g] is increased to a special value [ital g][sub [ital t]], the string susceptibility exponent suddenly jumps from its conventional value [gamma] to [gamma]/([gamma][minus]1). We study this effect in Liouville gravity and attribute it to a change of the interaction term from [ital Oe][sup [alpha]][sub +][phi] for [ital g][lt][ital g][sub [ital t]] to [ital Oe][sup [alpha]][sub [minus]][phi] for [ital g]=[ital g][sub [ital t]] ([alpha][sub +] and [alpha][sub [minus]] are the two roots of the conformal invariance condition for the Liouville dressing of a matter operator [ital O]). Thus, the new critical behavior is explained by the unconventional branch of Liouville dressing in the action.
Studies on the age-dependent nature of the response to LHRH given via different routes.

Abstract The effect of synthetic LHRH on circulating levels of LH and FSH in three groups of male rats, prepubertal, pubertal and adult, was compared after intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration. In two further series of experiments, infusion of LHRH over 120 min or two i.v. bolus injections at an interval of 60 min were carried out. Blood was collected from individual animals at each time-point before and after LHRH administration. The results indicate that the responsiveness of LH and FSH to LHRH was dependent not only on the routes of injection but also on the maturation of the animals. The infusion of LHRH induced the greatest response of both LH and FSH in all the groups of animals. The pubertal group demonstrated greater responsiveness of LH than the other two groups. The second bolus injection of LHRH after 60 min elicited a much greater response for both gonadotropins in all age groups than that following the first injection. This indicates the existence of a priming effect of LHRH on LH and FSH; this effect was observed in all groups irrespective of their maturational status.
Trauma Symptoms in Substance Abusers With and Without Histories of Childhood Abuse

This study was designed to provide a prevalence rate of childhood abuse in patients being treated for alcohol and other drug problems, and to compare the extent of trauma symptoms that were present in substance abusers with and without childhood histories of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. One hundred male veterans completed a standard test battery that included the Trauma Symptom Checklist and the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Clinical information pertaining to history of childhood abuse was obtained from the subjects' medical charts. Results demonstrated that 34% of the sample reported a history of childhood abuse. Although this group did achieve higher mean scores on all the scales, in comparison to the nonabused group, statistical significance was absent. Implications of these findings are discussed and future research is suggested.