cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia stimulates cytokine production by villous explants from the human placenta.

It has been hypothesized that inadequate placentation in the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy known as preeclampsia creates foci of placental ischemia/hypoxia leading to the elaboration of factors that compromise systemic endothelial function to produce disease sequelae. As tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are inflammatory cytokines capable of eliciting endothelial cell dysfunction, we investigated whether the production of these inflammatory cytokines by cultured villous explants from the human placenta was affected by incubation in reduced oxygen (2% O2). The term placenta produced TNFα, IL-6, and low levels of IL-1α and IL-1β under standard tissue culture conditions. Hypoxia significantly increased TNFα, IL-1α, and IL-1β production by 2-, 6-, and 23-fold, respectively, but did not affect IL-6 production. Further, cytokines were immunolocalized to the syncytiotrophoblast layer as well as to some villous core cells. Hypoxic regulation of placental TNFα and IL-1β production also a...
C++, a better language for engineering applications

In this review, we show the features of C++ that make it superior in comparison with other languages. Use of data hiding and objects are an important way to improve the quality of the software that is produced, because the final product is easier to develop, maintain, document, and upgrade. Because of the overloading mechanism, the elegance of some notations-such as in the example of the product among vectors and matrices-is now available, even when writing a computer program. In addition, the Standard Template Library provides a huge set of templates that save a great deal of time in the development of software. Here, only the features of C++ that are relevant to engineering applications have been briefly introduced with some examples.
Observation of Ferroelectric Domains using Environmental SEM

Ferroelectric domain patterns have been successfully observed by the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) without surface etching [1]. These images are obtained on an insulating surface of LiNbO3 with engineered periodic domains. The imaging principle of ESEM is based on the electric field distribution generated by the up and down polarizations. The method can nondestructively observe domain contrast images at submicron resolution and do not need special surface treatment.
Sexual Minority Women's Interactions with Breast Cancer Providers

Good patient-physician relationships and communication lead to better patient health and more satisfied patients. So far, satisfaction of sexual minority (lesbian, bisexual or women who partner with women) cancer patient-physician interactions is unknown. This study describes sexual minorities' experiences with their treating physicians and which provider attitudes were perceived as positive or negative. We conducted separate individual interviews with 39 sexual minority women diagnosed with breast cancer. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and then analyzed from a Grounded Theory perspective. Participants' narratives indicated that satisfaction is connected with a certain style of patient-physician interactions rather than physician gender. Specific provider traits in the two domains of (1) inter-personal behaviors and (2) medical expertise and decision-making determined patient satisfaction. These findings suggest that physicians of either gender can develop the skills needed to improve quality of breast cancer care for sexual minority women.
The Use of Quasi-Nonhydrostatic Models for Mesoscale Weather Prediction

Abstract In recent years, there has been extensive study of the mathematical basis of weather prediction leading to a new system of continuous equations that are well posed, and a set of conditions that make discrete atmospheric and other models stable and potentially more accurate. In particular, the theory deals with initial boundary value problems that admit multiple timescales. Using this theory, a quasi-nonhydrostatic model called QNH was developed at NOAA’s Forecast Systems Laboratory. The model is fully compressible and explicit in the vertical as well as the horizontal direction. It is characterized by a parameter, “α” (typically the square of the vertical to horizontal aspect ratio), which multiplies the hydrostatic terms in the vertical equation of motion. In this paper, the authors describe the theoretical basis for the use of these models in mesoscale weather prediction. It is shown that for the mesoscale, the parameter has the effect of decreasing both the frequency and amplitude of the gravi...
Understanding and Treating Child and Adolescent Sexual Offenders

Sexual abuse and sexual assault continue to be major social problems in our society. Finkelhor and colleagues (1990) reported on the prevalence of sexual abuse in a national survey of adult men and women. Twenty-seven percent of all females and 16% of males surveyed reported that they had been sexually abused prior to age 18. Pithers and colleagues (1995) note that sexual abuse has both emotional and financial consequences. The majority of females seeking outpatient mental health services report a history of sexual abuse at some point in their lives (Frontline, 1988). In terms of the financial costs to society, Pithers et al. (1993) reported that in the state of Vermont, the annual cost of responding to child sexual abuse can be estimated at $42 million.
Consequences of Comorbidity of Elevated Stress and/or Depressive Symptoms and Incident Cardiovascular Outcomes in Diabetes: Results From the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of comorbid depressive symptoms and/or stress on adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Investigators examined the relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and/or stress in adults with and without diabetes and physician-adjudicated incident CV outcomes including stroke, myocardial infarction/acute coronary heart disease, and CV death over a median follow-up of 5.95 years in the national REGARDS cohort study. RESULTS Subjects included 22,003 adults (4,090 with diabetes) (mean age 64 years, 58% female, 42% black, and 56% living in the southeastern “Stroke Belt”). Elevated stress and/or depressive symptoms were more common in subjects with diabetes (36.8% vs. 29.5%; P CONCLUSIONS Comorbid stress and/or depressive symptoms are common in individuals with diabetes and together are associated with progressively increased risks for adverse CV outcomes.
Goal Implementation and Attainment

In this chapter I will describe how subjective well being can be enhanced by taking action that attains personal goals. The previous chapter described how goals are selected. This chapter focuses on how goals are attained. I will describe also strategies to enhance the likelihood that action will lead to goal attainment, i.e., factors that can facilitate implementation to increase the likelihood of goal attainment. Examples include goal commitment and goal feedback.
The Politics Of Economics

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between presidential politics and economic policy. Does it make a difference, from an economic perspective, as to what political party occupies the oval office? With evidence of voter discontentment (rise of Ross Perot, low voter turnout), this would seem to be a most relevant question. Using economic variables, it is found that presidents can and do influence economic events. In fact, the presidents party affiliation can be used as an indicator as to what economic policies will be implemented.
Phospholipid turnover in isolated rat pancreatic acini. Consideration of the relative roles of phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C.

The purpose of the present study was to explore the interaction of phosphatidylinositol breakdown and the turnover of arachidonic acid in isolated rat pancreatic acini by using receptor agonists and the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Acini prelabelled with myo-[3H]inositol in vivo responded to carbachol with a rapid breakdown of phosphatidylinositol. In the presence of [32P]Pi, carbachol increased labelling of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol within 1 and 5 min respectively. Carbachol also rapidly stimulated the incorporation of [14C]arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol within 2 min, and the peptidergic secretagogue caerulein caused the loss of radioactivity from phospholipids prelabelled with arachidonic acid. Ca2+ deprivation partially impaired the stimulatory action of carbachol on arachidonic acid turnover. In contrast with its stimulatory effects on [32P]Pi and [14C]arachidonate incorporation, carbachol inhibited the incorporation of the saturated fatty acid stearic acid into phosphatidylinositol. Whereas ionomycin stimulation of phosphatidylinositol breakdown and [32P]Pi labelling of phospholipids was slower in onset and less effective than carbachol stimulation, the ionophore effectively promoted (arachidonyl) phosphatidylinositol turnover within 2 min. These results implicate two separate pathways for stimulated phosphatidylinositol degradation in the exocrine pancreas, involving phospholipases A2 and C. Whereas mobilization of cellular Ca2+ appears sufficient to cause activation of phospholipase A2 and amylase secretion, additional events triggered by receptor activation may be required to act in concert with Ca2+ to optimally stimulate phospholipase C. The nature of the interaction between phospholipases A2 and C and their specific physiological roles in pancreatic secretion remain to be elucidated.
On Marissa Alexander and the Politics of Defenseless Defense

This paper pursues an understanding of Marissa Alexander’s question: “If you do everything to get on the right side of the law, and it is a law that does not apply to you, where do you go from there?” Alexander has been imprisoned since July 2012, serving a 20 year sentence in a Florida prison because she could not convince a judge nor jury that there was even a chance that she had been brutally physically attacked by her then husband, that she was fearful for her life and had no means of escape when she fired one warning shot into the ceiling to scare him away. Her case drew national attention first following Travyon Martin’s murder and then following the acquittal of George Zimmerman, his murderer, as evidence of the unequal application of Stand Your Ground Law and the persistent denial of self-defense for African Americans and women who experience intimate partner abuse. How might we think about the various articulations of injury expressed in protest against these forms of injustice, including the law’s regulation of interpersonal racial and gender violence, through Marissa Alexander’s question? A philosophical question about where we are supposed to go, what we are supposed to do, in a society whose law is founded on an anoriginary black criminality, a society whose law produces the position of blackness as indefensibility. This paper argues that the symbolic signifiance against black protest against injustice, then, is not to argue that black life is defensible, as defensible as non-black life. Alexander's question calls for a different way of reading offense which pushes us to think about what a radical political imagination would be around a category of defenseless defensiveness, of offense without defense.
From medical language processing to BioNLP domain

This paper presents the results of a terminological work on a reference corpus in the domain of Biomedicine. In particular, the research tends to analyse the use of certain terms in Biomedicine in order to verify their change over the time with the aim of retrieving from the net the very essence of documentation. The terminological sample contains words used in BioNLP and biomedicine and identifies which terms are passing from scientific publications to the daily press and which are rather reserved to scientific production. The final scope of this work is to determine how scientific dissemination to an ever larger part of the society enables a public of common citizens to approach communication on biomedical research and development; and its main source is a reference corpus made up of three main repositories from which information related to BioNLP and Biomedicine is extracted. The paper is divided in three sections: 1) an introduction dedicated to data extracted from scientific documentation; 2) the second section devoted to methodology and data description; 3) the third part containing a statistical representation of terms extracted from the archive: indexes and concordances allow to reflect on the use of certain terms in this field and give possible keys for having access to the extraction of knowledge in the digital era.
Sex and age specific effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol during the periadolescent period in the rat: The unique susceptibility of the prepubescent animal

Adolescents who use marijuana are more likely to exhibit anxiety, depression, and other mood disorders, including psychotic-like symptoms. Additionally, the age at onset of use and the stress history of the individual can affect responses to cannabis. To examine the effect of early life experience on adolescent Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure, we exposed adolescent (postnatal day (P) 29-38) male and female rats, either shipped from a supplier or born in our vivarium, to once daily injections of 3mg/kg THC. Our findings suggest that males are more sensitive to the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of THC, as measured by the elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim test (FST), respectively, than females. Exposure to the FST increased plasma corticosterone levels, regardless of drug treatment or origin and females had higher levels than males overall. Shipping increased THC responses in females (acoustic startle habituation) and in males (latency to immobility in FST). No significant effects of THC or shipping on pre-pulse inhibition were observed. Due to differences in timing of puberty in males and females during the P29-38 period of THC treatment, we also dosed female rats between P21-30 (pre-puberty) and male rats between P39-48 (puberty). Pre-pubertal animals showed reductions in anxiety on the EPM, an effect that was not seen in animals treated during puberty. These results suggest that both sexes are more susceptible to changes in emotional behavior when THC exposure occurs just prior to the onset of puberty. Within the animals dosed from P29-38, THC increased cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) mRNA expression and tended to decrease CP55,940 stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding in the central amygdala only of females. Therefore, early stress enhances THC responses in males (in FST) and females (ASR habituation), THC alters CB1R expression and function in females only and prepubescent rats are generally more responsive to THC than pubertal rats. In summary, THC and stress interact with the developing endocannabinoid system in a sex specific manner during the peri-pubertal period.
Metadata for Enhanced Electronic Program Guides

An increasingly popular feature for TV viewers is an on-screen, interactive, electronic program guide (EPG). The advent of digital television (DTV), with the high digital bandwidth it provides, has the potential to support more and better EPG functions than ever. However, currently the best EPGs are available only in proprietary environments. The reason for this is that the current DTV standards only support data for the most basic EPG functions. To make enhanced EPG functions ubiquitous, enhanced DTV standards are required. One capability that is of great interest to broadcasters and advertisers, if not consumers, is the ability to include general purpose advertising in EPG displays. This paper lays out the vision of future EPGs, describes the standards activities currently underway to support them, and suggests a possible business model for supporting general purpose advertising in EPGs.
MULTI-OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF BLAST DAMAGE

Multi-objective genetic algorithms (MOGAs), surrogate models and Kriging techniques are combined in order to assess worst-case scenarios for blast damage. The calculation of the flowfields ensuing from blasts are computed using a 3-D Euler solver. Results indicate that even though CPU requirements are not trivial, the insight gained is considerable and well worth the effort.
Combustion Synthesis of NiTi – TiC Composites with Controlled Porosity for Biomedical Applications

Combustion synthesis, or Self-propagating High- temperature Synthesis (SHS), is currently being used by the Center for Commercial Applications of Combustion in Space (CCACS) at the Colorado School of Mines to produce advanced porous materials for several important applications. These materials include ceramic, inter- metallic, and metal- matrix composites that can be used for orthopedic implants, heat exchanger and damping systems and micro-and macro-filter applications. Functionally graded materials, both in porosity and composition, can be produced using a range of combustion synthesis reactions systems. There are multiple factors that contribute to the final SHS product, e.g. reactant stoichiometry, initial relative density and pre-heat. The synthesis of nickel-titanium (NiTi) intermetallic compounds and composites is of considerable interest due to the ability to create a porous, shape memory and super-elastic alloy with high corrosion resistance. The synthesis effects of adding a carbon reactant so as to modify the reaction products and reaction exothermicity have been studied through the use of two different reaction stoichiometries involving elemental nickel, titanium and carbon. This paper outlines the synthesis of NiTi intermetallic composites based on the following SHS chemical reaction: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEaiaab6 % eacaqGPbGaey4kaSYaaeWaaeaacaWG4bGaey4kaSIaamyEaaGaayjk % aiaawMcaaiaabsfacaqGPbGaey4kaSIaamyEaiaaboeacqGH9aqpca % WG4bGaaeOtaiaabMgacaqGubGaaeyAaiabgUcaRiaadMhacaqGubGa % aeyAaiaaboeaaaa!4C4D! $$x{\text{Ni}} + \left( {x + y} \right){\text{Ti}} + y{\text{C}} = x{\text{NiTi}} + y{\text{TiC}}$$ The effect of the carbon reactant and the initial sample green density on the apparent porosity, bulk density, pore size and pore distribution of the final materials has been studied and is presented within this paper. A NiTi- TiC intermetallic ceramic composite has been synthesized that is functionally graded in both composition and porosity: the latter grading being due to buoyancy and gas evolution effects. Proposed kinetic mechanisms that drive this synthesis process and control the graded structure are discussed in detail.
Utilizing “Big Data” to Improve the Hotel Sector’s Energy Efficiency Lessons from Recent Economics Research

Hotel chains have access to a treasure trove of “big data” on individual hotels’ monthly electricity and water consumption. Benchmarked comparisons of hotels within a specific chain create the opportunity to cost-effectively improve the environmental performance of specific hotels. This paper describes a simple approach for using such data to achieve the joint goals of reducing operating expenditure and achieving broad sustainability goals. In recent years, energy economists have used such “big data” to generate insights about the energy consumption of the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. Lessons from these studies are directly applicable for the hotel sector. A hotel’s administrative data provide a “laboratory” for conducting random control trials to establish what works in enhancing hotel energy efficiency.
A paper based graphene-nanocauliflower hybrid composite for point of care biosensing

We demonstrate the first report of graphene paper functionalized with fractal platinum nanocauliflower for use in electrochemical biosensing of small molecules (glucose) or detection of pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7). Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy show that graphene oxide-coated nanocellulose was partially reduced by both thermal treatment, and further reduced by chemical treatment (ascorbic acid). Fractal nanoplatinum with cauliflower-like morphology was formed on the reduced graphene oxide paper using pulsed sonoelectrodeposition, producing a conductive paper with an extremely high electroactive surface area (0.29±0.13cm(2)), confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The platinum surface was functionalized with either glucose oxidase (via chitosan encapsulation) or a RNA aptamer (via covalent linking) for demonstration as a point of care biosensor. The detection limit for both glucose (0.08±0.02μM) and E. coli O157:H7 (≈4 CFUmL(-1)) were competitive with, or superior to, previously reported devices in the biosensing literature. The response time (6s for glucose and 12min for E. coli) were also similar to silicon biochip and commercial electrode sensors. The results demonstrate that the nanocellulose-graphene-nanoplatinum material is an excellent paper-based platform for development of electrochemical biosensors targeting small molecules or whole cells for use in point of care biosensing.
Liquid chromatographic determination of penicillin V potassium in tablets: collaborative study.

A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of penicillin V potassium in tablets was collaboratively studied by 7 laboratories. The method uses an octadecyl silane reverse-phase column, a mobile phase of a acetonitrile-methanol-0.01 M potassium phosphate monobasic (21+4+75 v/v/v), photometric detection at 225 nm, and sulfadimethoxine as an internal standard. Each collaborator received 6 samples: powdered composites of 2 commercial tablet preparations and 1 synthetic tablet powder mixture, each with blind duplicates
DePP: A System for Detecting Pages to Protect in Wikipedia

Wikipedia is based on the idea that anyone can make edits to the website in order to create reliable and crowd-sourced content. Yet with the cover of internet anonymity, some users make changes to the website that do not align with Wikipedia's intended uses. For this reason, Wikipedia allows for some pages of the website to become protected, where only certain users can make revisions to the page. This allows administrators to protect pages from vandalism, libel, and edit wars. However, with over five million pages on Wikipedia, it is impossible for administrators to monitor all pages and manually enforce page protection. In this paper we consider for the first time the problem of deciding whether a page should be protected or not in a collaborative environment such as Wikipedia. We formulate the problem as a binary classification task and propose a novel set of features to decide which pages to protect based on (i) users page revision behavior and (ii) page categories. We tested our system, called DePP, on a new dataset we built consisting of 13.6K pages (half protected and half unprotected) and 1.9M edits. Experimental results show that DePP reaches 93.24% classification accuracy and significantly improves over baselines.
Mobile phones, but no jet packs

Have you ever wondered what happened to all the flying cars and personal ray guns we were promised?
A Human Antibody, Cloned from a Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia, That Binds Heparin/Platelet Factor 4 Complexes.

In heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), patients receiving heparin develop IgG antibodies that bind complexes formed between heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4). Most patients are asymptomatic, but some develop life- and limb-threatening arterial or venous thrombosis. We previously described a transgenic mouse model of HIT that demonstrated four factors are necessary and sufficient to recapitulate the clinical manifestations of HIT with thrombosis: heparin, human PF4, a heparin/PF4 antibody, and platelet activation via FcγRIIA. We hypothesize that specific quantitative and qualitative characteristics of heparin/PF4 antibodies determine which patients with HIT will develop thrombosis. Because heparin/PF4 antibodies isolated from patients with HIT are generally polyclonal and heterogeneous, it has been impossible to directly test this hypothesis. We recently developed a novel means of cloning human antibodies, in which we fuse primary human B-cells to a murine cell line that ectopically expresses human telomerase (hTERT) and murine interleukin-6 (mIL-6). This method readily generates heterohybridoma cells that stably secrete human antibodies. We have used this method to clone human heparin/PF4 antibodies from patients with HIT and thrombosis. We identified a patient with clinical HIT, exhibiting a heparin-dependent drop in platelet counts, plasma heparin/PF4 IgG antibodies by ELISA, and a deep venous thrombosis. We fused peripheral blood lymphocytes from this patient to our novel fusion partner cell line, and isolated 2 independent hybridomas that express IgM antibodies that strongly bind heparin/PF4 complexes. We assayed the specificity of the cloned antibodies by testing serial dilutions for heparin/PF4 binding activity by ELISA. Each cloned antibody bound heparin/PF4 with an absorbance >2X background at dilutions that ranged from 1:32–1:64, whereas three negative control antibodies gave no detectable binding at dilutions of 1:2 or greater. cDNA sequencing indicated that both antibodies have the same heavy chain sequences, including a novel CDR3 region, suggesting that the antibodies were derived from post-germinal center memory B-cells rather than from naive B-cells. Using recombinant DNA techniques and ectopic expression in CHO cells, we produced an IgG1 version of one of these antibodies (8E5). By ELISA, the 8E5 IgG1 antibody binds human PF4 at optimal ratio of 10 μg/ml to 0.4 U/ml of heparin (see Figure). We are currently exploring the nature of the 8E5 IgG/heparin/PF4 complex and its platelet activating/thrombotic potential.
Guidelines of guidelines: a review of urethral stricture evaluation, management, and follow-up.

Background: Our objective is to report a comparative review of recently released guidelines for the evaluation, management, and follow-up of urethral stricture disease. Methods: This is an analysis of the American Urologic Association (AUA) and Societe Internationale d’Urologie (SIU) guidelines on urethral stricture. Strength of recommendations is stratified according to letter grade that corresponds to the level of evidence provided by the literature. Results: Although few, the discrepancies between the recommendations offered by the two guidelines can be best explained by varying interpretations of the literature and available evidence on urethral strictures. When comparing the AUA guidelines and the SIU guidelines on urethral stricture, there are very few discrepancies. Perhaps the most notable difference is in the use of repeat DVIU or urethral dilation after an initial failed attempt. SIU guidelines state that there are instances where repeat DVIU or urethral dilation can be indicated, and they give a range of time at which stricture recurrence post procedure mandates an urethroplasty (less than 3 to 6 months). The AUA guidelines definitively state that repeat endoscopic procedures should not be offered as an alternative to urethroplasty, and they do not mention time of stricture recurrence as a factor. SIU guidelines allow for management of urethral stricture with indwelling urethral stenting. Conclusions: Overall there is a need for more high quality research in the work up, management, and follow up care of urethral stricture.
Suprasegmental information cues morphological anticipation during L1/L2 lexical access

We use visual-world eye-tracking and gating methods to investigate whether Spanish monolinguals and English late learners of Spanish use prosodic cues (lexical stress) to anticipate morphological information (suffixes) during spoken word recognition, and if they do, whether L2 proficiency and working memory (WM) mediate their anticipatory abilities. Our findings show that the monolinguals used prosodic information to predict word endings in both tasks, regardless of first-syllable stress (stressed, unstressed) and structure (CV, CVC). In contrast, the beginning learners did not use prosodic information to anticipate word suffixes in any task or condition. Importantly, the advanced learners mirrored the monolinguals, except in words with first-syllable CV structure, but were slower than the monolinguals. Finally, WM was not associated with anticipatory eye movements, though results were inconclusive for offline processing. Taken together, the present study shows that suprasegmental information facilitates morphological anticipation during spoken word recognition, and that adult learners can gain anticipatory processing patterns qualitatively, but not quantitatively, similar to monolinguals.
Reproductive ecology of interior least tern and piping plover in relation to Platte River hydrology and sandbar dynamics.

In a recent study, Farnsworth et al. (2017) used distributions of nest initiation dates drawn mostly from human-created, off-channel habitats and a model of emergent sandbar habitat to evaluate the hypothesis that least terns (Sternula antillarum) and piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) are physiologically adapted to initiate nests concurrent with the cessation of spring river flow rises on two sections of the Platte River, Nebraska. The study by Farnsworth et al. (2017) has several shortcomings which bring into question the authors' principal assertion that interior least tern and piping plovers are not adapted to occupying and nesting on river sandbars on the Platte River system. We identify these shortcomings and provide information, which, we suggest, would change their conclusions if incorporated. Linked Article: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4097.
Accessible data visualization in higher education

Many aspects and courses that are part of the higher education system can be quite challenging for many students. Courses such as programming have been reported to be difficult by many students worldwide. In the modern age many courses that encompass new directions in science and professional work such as big data or data mining have emerged. These courses present new challenges for all students and are particularly challenging for students with disabilities, especially for visually impaired students. In this paper, the challenges of visually impaired students regarding higher education and visualization of data are presented and means and technologies for aiding visually impaired students in data visualization are discussed and elaborated. The research results about the usage of these technologies are also presented along with conclusions and comments about the possible future research directions in this area.
Sequential and Pre-Equilibrium Nucleon Emission in Sn + Ca Reactions at 35A MeV

Over the past decade, an enormous amount of work has been carried out to gain an understanding of heavy-ion reaction mechanisms in the Fermi-energy regime (E/A > 20MeV). At low energies, the phenomenology of heavy-ion reactions is reasonably well understood in terms of binary dissipative reaction mechanisms[1]. For Fermi bombarding energies, an essentially dissipative mechanism is still observed[2, 3, 4, 5], although the dissipation and equilibration of energy is less effective than at lower bombarding energies. New reaction phenomena discovered include incomplete energy dissipation[2,4,6], dynamical emission of multiple intermediate-mass fragments[7], and the nearly complete disassembly of projectile- and target-like fragments[8].
A Hidden Order in the Cuprate Superconductors: The d-Density-Wave Phase

We study the electronic structure near impurities in the d-density-wave (DDW) state, a possible candidate phase for the pseudo-gap region of the high-temperature superconductors. We show that the density of states near a nonmagnetic impurity in the DDW state is qualitatively different from that in a superconductor with dx2-y2 symmetry. Thus the electronic structure near impuritiescan provide insight into the nature of the two phases recently observed by scanning tunneling microscopy experiments in the superconducting state of underdoped Bi-2212 compounds.
Links between physical and chemical weathering inferred from a 65-m-deep borehole through Earth's critical zone

As bedrock weathers to regolith – defined here as weathered rock, saprolite, and soil – porosity grows, guides fluid flow, and liberates nutrients from minerals. Though vital to terrestrial life, the processes that transform bedrock into soil are poorly understood, especially in deep regolith, where direct observations are difficult. A 65-m-deep borehole in the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory, South Carolina, provides unusual access to a complete weathering profile in an Appalachian granitoid. Co-located geophysical and geochemical datasets in the borehole show a remarkably consistent picture of linked chemical and physical weathering processes, acting over a 38-m-thick regolith divided into three layers: soil; porous, highly weathered saprolite; and weathered, fractured bedrock. The data document that major minerals (plagioclase and biotite) commence to weather at 38 m depth, 20 m below the base of saprolite, in deep, weathered rock where physical, chemical and optical properties abruptly change. The transition from saprolite to weathered bedrock is more gradational, over a depth range of 11–18 m. Chemical weathering increases steadily upward in the weathered bedrock, with intervals of more intense weathering along fractures, documenting the combined influence of time, reactive fluid transport, and the opening of fractures as rock is exhumed and transformed near Earth’s surface.
MAX 2 : An ReRAM-Based Neural Network Accelerator That Maximizes Data Reuse and Area Utilization

Although recent advances in resistive random access memory (ReRAM)-based accelerator designs for deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer energy-efficiency improvements over CMOS-based accelerators, they have a large number of energy consuming data transactions. In this paper, we propose MAX2, a multi-tile ReRAM accelerator framework for supporting multiple CNN topologies, that maximizes on-chip data reuse and reduces on-chip bandwidth to minimize energy consumption due to data movement. Building upon the fact that a large filter can be built with a stack of smaller ( $3\times 3$ ) filters, we design every tile with nine processing elements (PEs). Each PE consists of multiple ReRAM subarrays to compute the dot product. The PEs operate in a systolic fashion, thereby maximizing input feature map reuse and minimizing interconnection cost. MAX2 chooses the data size granularity in the systolic array in conjunction with weight duplication to achieve very high area utilization without requiring additional peripheral circuits. We provide a detailed energy and area breakdown of each component at the PE level, tile level, and system level. The system-level evaluation in 32-nm node on several VGG-network benchmarks shows that the MAX2 can improve computation efficiency (TOPs/s/mm2) by $2.5\times $ and energy efficiency (TOPs/s/W) by $5.2\times $ compared with a state-of-the-art ReRAM-based accelerator.
Intestinal serotonin and fluoxetine exposure modulate bacterial colonization in the gut

The gut microbiota regulates levels of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) in the intestinal epithelium and lumen1-5. However, whether 5-HT plays a functional role in bacteria from the gut microbiota remains unknown. We demonstrate that elevating levels of intestinal lumenal 5-HT by oral supplementation or genetic deficiency in the host 5-HT transporter (SERT) increases the relative abundance of spore-forming members of the gut microbiota, which were previously reported to promote host 5-HT biosynthesis. Within this microbial community, we identify Turicibacter sanguinis as a gut bacterium that expresses a neurotransmitter sodium symporter-related protein with sequence and structural homology to mammalian SERT. T. sanguinis imports 5-HT through a mechanism that is inhibited by the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. 5-HT reduces the expression of sporulation factors and membrane transporters in T. sanguinis, which is reversed by fluoxetine exposure. Treating T. sanguinis with 5-HT or fluoxetine modulates its competitive colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of antibiotic-treated mice. In addition, fluoxetine reduces the membership of T. sanguinis in the gut microbiota of conventionally colonized mice. Host association with T. sanguinis alters intestinal expression of multiple gene pathways, including those important for lipid and steroid metabolism, with corresponding reductions in host systemic triglyceride levels and inguinal adipocyte size. Together, these findings support the notion that select bacteria indigenous to the gut microbiota signal bidirectionally with the host serotonergic system to promote their fitness in the intestine.
The Challenge of Fiduciary Regulation: The Investment Advisors Act After Seventy-Five Years

Seventy-five years after its enactment the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 has advanced from a relatively weak statute merely registering advisers with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to a more robust law imposing fiduciary responsibilities on advisers. Over the years, the number of investment advisers and the number of their clients have increased greatly. The SEC therefore has been pressured by Congress to develop a harmonized fiduciary standard for broker-dealers and advisers and also to develop and enforce a greater degree of oversight over the advisory industry. These developments have raised the questions of how to fund such efforts and whether advisers should organize a self-regulatory organization. In the meantime, the Department of Labor adopted a fiduciary standard that will impact many broker-dealers and investment advisers. Further, the SEC has beefed up its examinations program for advisers and has become more aggressive in its enforcement of cases against advisers.
Book-Reading Engagement in Children with Autism and Language Impairment: Associations with Emergent-Literacy Skills

Emergent-literacy skills are frequently taught within social interactions in preschool classrooms such as shared book reading. Children with impaired language and/or social engagement may have difficulty accessing these learning opportunities. Therefore, we sought to investigate the relationship between book-reading orientation during a teacher-led shared book reading activity and emergent-literacy skill development across three groups of preschool children; autism (n = 22), developmental language disorder (DLD; n = 23), and typical development (TD; n = 58). The children with autism demonstrated less book-reading orientation than their DLD and TD peers. Book-reading orientation was a significant predictor of residualized gains in print-concept knowledge and phonological awareness. Thus, book-reading orientation appears to play a critical role in preschooler’s emergent-literacy skill development.
Unsignalized Intersections: Two-Way STOP Control (TWSC)

By definition, an “unsignalized” intersection is any at-grade intersection that is not controlled by a traffic signal. The term covers a wide variety of situations, including a) uncontrolled intersections, b) two-way STOP-controlled intersections (TWSC), c) two-way YIELD-controlled intersections, c) all-way STOP-controlled intersections (AWSC), and roundabouts. This chapter details the development of procedures for analysis of TWSC intersections. Chapter 5 will cover AWSC intersections, and Chap. 6 will cover roundabouts.
Geographic Heterogeneity in Otolaryngology Medicare New Patient Visits

ObjectiveTo analyze the spatial variation of sociodemographic factors associated with the geographic distribution of new patient visits to otolaryngologists.Study DesignRetrospective cross-sectiona...
Collaboration and Integration

The University of North Florida (UNF) transitioned to Canvas as its Learning Management System (LMS) in summer 2017. This implementation brought on opportunities that allowed for a more user-friendly learning environment for students. Working with students in courses which were in-person, hybrid, or online, brought about the need for the library to have a place in the Canvas LMS. Students needed to remember how to access and locate library resources and services outside of Canvas. During this time, the Thomas G. Carpenter Library’s online presence was enhanced, yet still not visible in Canvas. It became apparent that the library needed to be integrated into Canvas courses. This would enable students to easily transition between their coursework and finding resources and services to support their studies. In addition, librarians who worked with students, looked for ways for students to easily find library resources and services online. After much discussion, it became clear to the Online Learning Librarian (OLL) and the Director of Technical Services and Library Systems (Library Director) that the library needed to explore ways to integrate more with Canvas.
He Said, She Said: The Effectiveness and Outcomes of Responses to Sexual Harassment:

Recent high-profile cases of sexual harassment focused the spotlight on inappropriate workplace behavior. Much of the prior research on sexual harassment focuses on organizational culture, what org...
Effect of subfreezing testing temperature on tensile mechanical behavior of fine-grained magnesium

Abstract The effect of testing temperature on mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms was investigated by tensile testing of fine-grained magnesium samples under a range of temperatures (i.e. room temperature 20 °C, subfreezing temperatures 0 °C, −30 °C, and −60 °C) and microstructural observations of both untested and tested samples using electron backscatter diffraction. The results suggest that mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms were significantly affected by the variation of testing temperature. Strength increased linearly and ductility decreased linearly with the decrease of testing temperature. Although twinning is generally known to be athermal, this experimental study shows that tensile twinning is the dominating deformation mechanism at room temperature, and that twinning is negligible and dislocation operation is the primary deformation mechanism at 0 °C, −30 °C, and −60 °C.
On Certain Functional and Partial Differential Equations, II

We characterize entire and meromorphic solutions of certain functional equations and nonlinear partial differential equations.
Data exchanges among firms

Abstract Firms are collecting more data—about their operations, customers, and markets—in order to improve performance. Some of this data has value beyond a firm's boundary and thus can create value for other firms. Yet, we have relatively few facts about the growing data exchange between firms, its participants, and the types and value of data bought and sold by firms. We present preliminary descriptive evidence about the emerging data market using the information on over 1600 data exchanges reported in the news between 2017 and 2018 executed by 1285 of the largest public and private firms. Our findings suggest that nearly 17% of these firms in our sample participate in the data market. Furthermore, 80% of the exchanges are for customer data, and over 50% of transactions are structured as mutual data sharing agreements rather than unidirectional sales. Among the firms in our sample, it is the largest firms in terms of valuation and those with significant data capabilities that buy and sell data. Moreover, we find that most exchanges appear to happen among firms in the same industry and with significant data science capabilities. These results suggest that the data exchanges and the market for data may be consequential and call for further research.
The Kakeya Set Conjecture for $\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}$ for general $N$

We prove the Kakeya set conjecture for $\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}$ for general $N$ as stated by Hickman and Wright [HW18]. This entails extending and combining the techniques of Arsovski [Ars21a] for $N=p^k$ and the author and Dvir [DD21] for the case of square-free $N$. In addition, we prove stronger lower bounds for the size of $(m,\epsilon)$-Kakeya sets over $\mathbb{Z}/p^k\mathbb{Z}$ by extending the techniques of [Ars21a] using multiplicities as was done in [SS08, DKSS13].
Production of Computer Animated Films from a Remote Storage Tube Terminal

In the few years since Knowlton1 first discussed his BEFLIX language for producing computer animated movies, film-making under computer direction has been employed in a variety of disciplines. Not only have high quality films of a tutorial nature been produced2 but many researchers have found computer animated films to be an invaluable method for presentation and study of new data3. Also, several investigators have recognized the advantages of computer animated films for educational purposes. Indeed, Huggins4 found that in some cases students felt it was easier to perceive basic physical phenomena from computer generated movies than from actual laboratory experiments.
Nutritional requirements of human leukemic cells: Asparagine requirements and the effect of l-asparaginase

Abstract Eight cultures of human lymphoblastic cells have been examined with respect to l -asparagine requirements. Although none of these cultures required exogenous l -asparagine for log-phase growth, or exhibited a metabolic response to exogenous l -asparagine, all were inhibited by l -asparaginase, both in the presence and absence of exogenous l -asparagine. Study of samples of l -asparaginase of known degrees of purity indicated that inhibition was related to specific enzyme activity, rather than to the possible presence of a non-specific “toxic factor”. The most likely explanation of these observations is that these human lymphoblastic cells have sufficient asparagine synthetase activity (which may be population-dependent) to satisfy their metabolic requirements for l -asparagine, and that l -asparaginase interferes with the utilization of this endogenous l -asparagine. It is suggested that the degree of asparagine synthetase activity exhibited by a given population of cells might be a better index of sensitivity to l -asparaginase than is the metabolic response of that population to exogenous l -asparagine.