cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Future architectures for information processing systems

The author considers the functions that are necessary to create information at the level of effective decision making. He observes that a major portion of the task has not yet been formalized and carried out by conventional programs. He outlines a layered architecture that incorporates modules that will implement the objective of moving processing out of traditional programs. These software modules or mediators exploit encoded knowledge about some sets or subsets of data to create information for a higher layer of applications. The author discusses the interfaces that will be needed to incorporate mediators in future information processing systems architectures. A number of research issues are raised. >
Representing Semantic Graphs in a Self-Organizing Map

A long-standing problem in the field of connectionist language processing has been how to represent detailed linguistic structure. Approaches have ranged from the encoding of syntactic trees in Raam to the use of a mechanism to query meanings in a "gestalt layer". In this article, a technique called semantic self-organization is presented that allows for the optimal allocation and explicit representation of semantic dependency graphs on a Som -based grid. This technique has been successfully used in a connectionist natural language processing architecture called InSomNet to scale up the subsymbolic approach to represent sentences in the LinGO Redwoods HPSG Treebank drawn from the VerbMobil Project and annotated with rich semantic information. InSomNet was also shown to retain the cognitively plausible behavior detailed in psycholinguistics research. Consequently, semantic self-organization holds considerable promise as a basis for real-world natural language understanding systems that mimic human linguistic performance.
Third generation fuzzy processors

The 68HC12 microcontroller is primarily regarded as a compatible upgrade to the half-billion 68HC11 microcontrollers currently in the field. The 68HC12 has about 300 general-purpose instructions, and is primarily intended for conventional (non-fuzzy) microcontroller applications. However, a few instructions were added to specifically improve the 68HC12's ability to perform fuzzy logic operations. Implementing the fuzzy instructions consisted primarily of adding microinstructions that make use of existing CPU hardware. However, to accomplish some micro-operations a small amount of specialized logic had to be incorporated. The intent of the design team was to achieve a noticeable performance improvement without measurably affecting silicon cost. Depending on the application, the added fuzzy support of the 68HC12 allows for more than an order of magnitude performance boost over the 68HC11 in performing fuzzy logic operations, at a fifth the code size.
Massive Retroperitoneal Cystic Mass in an Adolescent

Anadolescentgirlpresentedtoherpediatricianreportingabdominaldistention.Shefirstbecameawareofherincreasedabdominalgirthwhenfriendsatschoolaskedwhethershewaspregnant.Shehadnoticedherclothingbecomingtighteroverrecentweeks.Shehadnotexperiencedabdominalpainorothersymptoms,andtherewasnohistoryoftrauma.Physicalexaminationre-vealed a firm, distended abdomen without bowelsounds. Pregnancy test results were negative. Resultsoflaboratorystudies,includingacompletebloodcellcount,basicmetabolicpanel,andliverfunctiontests,werewithinnormallimits.Anabdominalradiographshowedapaucityofbowelgasmarkings(Figure1A).Asubsequentcomputedtomographicscanoftheabdomenandpelvisrevealeda30-cmretroperitonealcysticstructurecausingsignificantmasseffectontheabdominalviscera,displacingtherightkidneysuperiorlyunderthelivercausingmod-eratehydronephrosis(Figure1B).
Riociguat: a novel new drug for treatment of pulmonary hypertension.

Riociguat is the first approved medication from the novel class of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators and the only agent approved for treating both chronic thromboembolic hypertension (CTEPH) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The novel mechanism of riociguat lies in its ability to restore the homeostatic and therapeutic effects of nitric oxide that are diminished as a result of phenotypic alterations associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Improvements in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in patients with PAH during the phase 3 PATENT-1 trial were comparable to other oral agents approved for the treatment of PAH. Improvements in 6MWD in patients with CTEPH during the phase 3 CHEST-1 trial were greater than those previously observed with other oral PAH-directed therapies. Hypotension is the dose-limiting adverse effect of riociguat and dose titration is performed gradually according to systolic blood pressure. Riociguat was tolerated at maximal doses by most patients during PATENT-1 and CHEST-1 and was well tolerated during long-term extension studies. Key factors to consider with riociguat are a patient's systolic blood pressure, drug interactions mediated by CYP1A1, CYP3A4, and P-glycoprotein, cost, and teratogenicity requiring enrollment in a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program. Recently published guidelines recommend riociguat monotherapy as an option for treatment-naive patients with World Health Organization Functional Class (WHO FC) II or III symptoms or as add-on therapy for patients with persistent WHO FC III or IV symptoms being treated with an ERA or inhaled prostanoid. Postmarketing experience and ongoing clinical investigations will further define the safety and role of riociguat in patients with PAH and other types of PH.
Phase dynamics and radiated power of dc SQUIDS

The time variation of the quantum phase difference and the radiated power of two resistively shunted junctions in a superconducting loop are analyzed using a first harmonic approximation method. It is shown explicitly that an output coupling impedance connected across the junctions plays an important role in determining the output power as well as the cutoff frequency in the radiation spectrum. The radiated power of an array of dc SQUIDs is compared with the power output of a synchronized series array in a resonant cavity. WithN superconducting weak links coupled to a fixed load, the SQUID array suffers an output power saturation for largeN; our analysis shows that it is very difficult to obtain radiated power higher than a few microwatts. On the other hand, a cavity-coupled large array gives an output power proportional toN with a narrow linewidth, suggesting that it could be very useful in practice.
Customer clustering and TDLP (typical daily load profile) generation using the clustering algorithm

KEPCO has installed electronic power meters for customers who have relatively high annual power consumption and operated the AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) system that records the amount of power consumption every 15 minutes. To analyze the load of the distribution line using the data collected by the AMR system, this study suggested a method of generating a typical load profile based on the clustering method using the load data of customers. Currently, typical load profiles are usually generated by calculating the average power consumption as recorded every 15 minutes based on the load profiles of customers with the same contract code. Even though they share the same contract code, however, the load analysis has low accuracy because it often shows different load profiles. This study suggested a means of performing customer clustering and generating the typical load profile of each group using the k-means method as one of the clustering methods and 15-minute AMR data of customers sharing the same contract code.
Temporal-coherence effects of a moving phase screen illuminated by spatially coherent quasi-monochromatic light

We consider how the coherence of the observed field is affected by propagation when a nonabsorbing phase screen is moved at constant velocity in front of an aperture illuminated by quasi-monochromatic plane-wave illumination. It is shown that when the rms value of the profile is not too large, there is always a component of transmitted light whose temporal coherence is unaffected by the motion of the phase screen. Closed-form expressions for the temporal coherence of the observed field are obtained for the following cases: (1) a point aperture, (2) the Fraunhofer region, and (3) limiting cases of Fresnel diffraction for relatively large- and small-grain scatterers. Numerical results are presented.
Three-dimensional ideal theta 1 /theta 2 angular transformer and its uses in fiber optics

A 3-D ideal theta(1)/theta(2) angular transformer in nonimaging optics is introduced. The axially symmetric transformer, combining a portion of a hyperbolic concentrator with two lenses, transforms an input limited Lambertian over an angle theta(1) to an output limited Lambertian over an angle theta(2) without losing throughput. This is the first known transformer with such ideal properties. Results of computer simulations of a transformer with planospherical lenses are presented. Because of its ideal angular transforming property, the transformer offers an excellent solution for power launching and fiber-fiber coupling in optical fiber systems. In principle, the theoretical maximum coupling efficiency based on radiance conservation can be achieved with this transformer. Several conceptual designs of source-fiber and fiber-fiber couplers using the transformer are given.
Vacuum electron acceleration by coherent dipole radiation

The validity of the concept of laser-driven vacuum acceleration has been questioned, based on an extrapolation of the well-known Lawson-Woodward theorem, which stipulates that plane electromagnetic waves cannot accelerate charged particles in vacuum. To formally demonstrate that electrons can indeed be accelerated in vacuum by focusing or diffracting electromagnetic waves, the interaction between a point charge and coherent dipole radiation is studied in detail. The corresponding four-potential exactly satisfies both Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz gauge condition everywhere, and is analytically tractable. It is found that in the far-field region, where the field distribution closely approximates that of a plane wave, we recover the Lawson-Woodward result, while net acceleration is obtained in the near-field region. The scaling of the energy gain with wave-front curvature and wave amplitude is studied systematically.
Cell number and size in selected organs of fetuses of rats malnourished and exposed to nitrofen.

The effects of maternal exposure to nitrofen or protein-energy malnutrition on the number and sizes of cells in selected organs of the fetal rat have been studied. Pregnant rats were fed either an adequate (CON) or protein-energy deficient diet (PEM) throughout gestation. Each diet group was divided into two subgroups. One subgroup was gavaged with 25 mg nitrofen/kg body weight on gestational days 7–21 and the other, with corn oil carrier only. Fetal liver, kidneys, intestine, heart, lung, and brain were weighed and assayed for DNA, RNA, and protein. Maternal protein deficiency resulted in a reduction in organ weight and total DNA, RNA, and protein in all six organs. Maternal nitrofen exposure resulted in reduced weight and reduced protein in all organs except the brain. Total DNA and RNA were reduced in intestine, heart, and lung, and total RNA was also reduced in the liver following maternal nitrofen exposure. An interaction between diet and toxin affected lung weight, DNA, RNA, and protein, intestinal total protein, and heart DNA. Protein/DNA ratios were reduced in liver, intestine, and brain in the group fed the inadequate diet and in intestine only following nitrofen exposure. The deficient diet resulted in increased RNA/DNA ratio in the fetal liver and heart and a decreased ratio in the kidney and brain. Nitrofen exposure resulted in a lower RNA/DNA ratio in the liver. The data indicate that maternal protein-energy malnutrition results in smaller organs in the fetuses with fewer cells and containing less protein and RNA. The greater reduction in protein than that expected from the decrease in numbers of cells in the liver, intestine, and brain in fetuses of malnourished dams suggests that cells were also smaller. Effects on RNA/DNA were essentially in the same direction as seen for protein/DNA. In general, the diet deficiency appeared to have a general metabolic effect reducing cell replication that, however, spared the brain. Nitrofen exposure results in an organ-specific reduction in cell replication in the intestine, heart, and lung. An interaction between restricted diet and nitrofen exposure involves the lung primarily.
Partitioning of semi-volatile organic compounds to the air/water interface

Abstract Partition coefficients (Kia, m3m−2) for sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes at the air/water interface were estimated by extrapolating quartz/gas sorption data to relative humidity (RH) values of 100%. For each compound class, the log Kia values were found to be well correlated with log pLo where pLo (Torr) is the vapor pressure of the pure subcooled liquid. For the PAHs, correlation equation is log Kia = −1.20 logpLo − 5.82 (R2 = 0.98). For the n-alkanes, the correlation equation is log Kia = −0.93 log pLo − 4.42 (R2 = 0.95).
Stress Echocardiography in Octogenarians: Transesophageal Atrial Pacing is Accurate, Safe, and Well Tolerated

The feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal pacing stress echocardiography for detection of inducible myocardial ischemia were evaluated in 161 patients 80 years of age or older (mean 84 +/- 3.9, range 80-97). The pacing time was 5.5 +/- 2.5 minutes with a total test time of 37 +/- 7 minutes. The mean achieved heart rate was 96 +/- 7% (83%-121%) of maximum predicted with an average rate pressure product of 21,560 +/- 5175 beats/min x mm Hg. There were minor adverse events in 8% of cases and no major complications occurred. Patient acceptance was high. When compared with myocardial single photon emission computed tomography, pacing stress echocardiography had a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 93% for the detection of myocardial ischemia, and 91% agreement (kappa = 0.80, P < .001). We demonstrate that pacing stress echocardiography is safe and accurate for detection of myocardial ischemia and, thus, a reliable substitute to exercise and pharmacologic stress testing in octogenarians.
Experimental Investigation of a Bridge under Traffic Loadings

A set of dynamic field tests were conducted on the Chulitna River Bridge recently. The Chulitna River Bridge, built in 1970, is located at Historic Mile Post 133 on the Parks Highway between Fairbanks and Anchorage, Alaska. Ambient free-decay response approach is used to estimate the dynamic properties of the bridge. Stationary and dynamic tests on the acceleration responses of the bridge recorded at different locations and in different directions during traveling vehicle passing the bridge. The natural frequencies are identified are characterized by the FFT methods. Results show that there are several components at 1.50, 2.20, 2.85, 3.23, 4.58 Hz are characterized, 2.85, 3.23, 4.58 Hz are bridge vertical mode; 1.50, 2.20 Hz are the longitudinal mode of bridge. Compared with the finite element model results, the measured results matched very well. The modal parameters identified from the bridge responses recorded at different locations are compared with each other to check their consistency, and are compared with FEM analytical results. The results demonstrated that (1) the modal parameters consistent with the FEM results; (2) The modal frequencies results are very sensitive to measurement locations, as such, multiple measurement points are necessary, and the optimization of measurement location is critical to conduct the test efficiently; (3). The identified modal properties of the Chulitna River Bridge could be used as benchmark in on-going health monitoring studies of this bridge.
The Effect of Male Wage Inequality on Female Age at First Marriage

A model in which women search for husbands characterized by their wages predicts increasing within-group male wage inequality, raises the expected value of continued marital search, and so lowers female marriage propensities. Using 1970, 1980, and 1990 census data, I test this hypothesis within geographically, racially, and educationally defined marriage markets. The estimates suggest rising male wage inequality accounted for 7% to 18% of the decline in the propensity to marry between 1970 and 1990 for white women and more-educated black women. Growing wage inequality appears to have had little effect on the marriage behavior of less-educated black women.
Identification of an antigenic determinant of mouse lactate dehydrogenase C4

A peptide bearing an antigenic determinant of the sperm-specific lactate dehydrogenase C4 isozyme (LDH-C4) has been isolated from a tryptic digest of the whole protein. This peptide, comprising residues 152-159 (MC152-159), reacts with rabbit anti-mouse LDH-C4. Immunization of rabbits with synthetic MC152-159 conjugated to bovine serum albumin induces an immune response which is specific for the peptide. Anti-MC152-159 IgG binds 125I-labeled mouse LDH-C4 and competition experiments demonstrate the specificity of this antigen antibody reaction.
Inhibition by 6-methyl-17-acetoxy-progesterone of ACTH synthesis and release in the rat.

Six-mcthyl-17-acetoxy-progesterone (SC9686) produced severe adrenal atrophy in rats following repeated injection. This atrophy was associated with depletion of pituitary ACTH concentration, implying reduction in ACTH synthesis. Inhibition of ACTH release in response to acute stress has also been observed following a single injection of SC9686. Acceleration of adrenal atrophy in hypophysectomized rats given SC9686 indicates an additional, extra-pituitary action of this steroid. Suppression of pituitary ACTH synthesis and release appear to be the predominant glucocorticoid effects of SC9686.
Energy transfer mechanisms in hypersonic shocks

Abstract This paper surveys the overall mechanisms of energy transfer between translational, rotational, vibrational, chemical and electronic degrees of freedom in a hypersonic shock wave in air. Particular stress is placed on those aspects of the problem which are not well understood; thus, one can write down a set of reaction rate constants for the major chemical reactions in dissociating and ionizing air, but some rather basic aspects underlying these rates are not understood. Thus at the elevated temperatures of interest here (to 8000°K), the mechanisms for vibrational excitation and dissociation by vibrational ladder-climbing, which apply at room temperature, break down. Further, we have very little knowledge and understanding about the mechanisms and rates leading to the excitation of electronic degrees of freedom which produce radiation in high-temperature air. For comparison, the case of a shock wave in argon is also reviewed.
Uranium Possibilities in Appalachians: ABSTRACT

Uranium oxides in the Chattanooga Shale constitute the largest total tonnage of uranium known in the United States, but the concentration is at best only about a hundredth of that necessary for present economic development. The highest tenors are in the upper five ft of the Chattanooga in the Highland Rim area of Tennessee. Most large commercial uranium deposits in the United States are roll-type deposits formed in geochemical cells acting on a protore of arkosic, carbonaceous or pyritic, fluvial sandstone. The cells may concentrate uranium more than a thousandfold, but rarely exceed one-percent tenor in the narrow roll front. The best possibilities for commercial uranium in the Appalachians are in fluvial sandstones deposited after the development of abundant land plants. In addition to mineralogic composition and depositional environment, other important factors are paleocurrent trends, unconformities, changes in regional dip through time, and possible removal of uranium cells by Pleistocene glacial scouring. Significant uranium shows are present in Pennsylvania in fluvial-channel sandstones exhibiting evidence of geochemical cells, in both the Devonian Catskill Formation and the Mississippian Mauch Chunk Formation. Out of 22 fluvial or possibly fluvial Appalachian stratigraphic End_Page 1891------------------------------ units considered, the most promising ones for uranium exploration are the Devonian Hampshire and Catskill Formations from New York to Virginia, the Mississippian Mauch Chunk-Pennington Group from Pennsylvania to Tennessee, the Pennsylvanian Pottsville Group (especially in Alabama, Virginia, and southern West Virginia), the Pennsylvanian-Permian Dunkard Group in West Virginia, and the Triassic basins of the eastern Appalachians. The following units have moderate promise for uranium exploration: Cambrian Rome Formation from Virginia to Alabama; Ordovician Bays Formation from Virginia to Alabama; Ordovician Juniata Formation from Tennessee to Pennsylvania and equivalent Queenston Formation in New York; Silurian Bloomsburg Formation in Pennsylvania; Mississippian Pocono-Price Formation fr m New York to Virginia; Mississippian Maccrady-Stroubles Formation in Virginia and West Virginia; and Pennsylvanian Allegheny, Conemaugh, and Monongahela Groups from Pennsylvania to Kentucky. A few uranium shows have been reported from pegmatites and other igneous rocks in the Blue Ridge, but far below commercial concentrations. None of the dikes cutting the Valley and Ridge and Plateau provinces have compositions associated geochemically with uranium, so prospecting them is probably futile. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1892------------
On generating the irredundant conjunctive and disjunctive normal forms of monotone Boolean functions

Abstract Let f:{0,1}n→{0,1} be a monotone Boolean function whose value at any point x∈{0,1}n can be determined in time t. Denote by c= ⋀ I∈C ⋁ i∈I x i the irredundant CNF of f, where C is the set of the prime implicates of f. Similarly, let d= ⋁ J∈D ⋀ j∈J x j be the irredundant DNF of the same function, where D is the set of the prime implicants of f. We show that given subsets C′⊆C and D′⊆D such that (C′,D′)≠(C,D), a new term in (C⧹C′)∪(D⧹D′) can be found in time O (n(t+n))+m o ( log m) , where m=|C′|+|D′|. In particular, if f(x) can be evaluated for every x∈{0,1}n in polynomial time, then the forms c and d can be jointly generated in incremental quasi-polynomial time. On the other hand, even for the class of ∧,∨-formulae f of depth 2, i.e., for CNFs or DNFs, it is unlikely that uniform sampling from within the set of the prime implicates and implicants of f can be carried out in time bounded by a quasi-polynomial 2polylog(·) in the input size of f. We also show that for some classes of polynomial-time computable monotone Boolean functions it is NP-hard to test either of the conditions D′=D or C′=C. This provides evidence that for each of these classes neither conjunctive nor disjunctive irredundant normal forms can be generated in total (or incremental) quasi-polynomial time. Such classes of monotone Boolean functions naturally arise in game theory, networks and relay contact circuits, convex programming, and include a subset of ∧,∨-formulae of depth 3.
The search for a marsupial XIC reveals a break with vertebrate synteny

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) evolved in mammals to deal with X-chromosome dosage imbalance between the XX female and the XY male. In eutherian mammals, random XCI of the soma requires a master regulatory locus known as the ‘X-inactivation center’(XIC/Xic), wherein lies the noncoding XIST/Xist silencer RNA and its regulatory antisense Tsix gene. By contrast, marsupial XCI is imprinted to occur on the paternal X chromosome. To determine whether marsupials and eutherians share the XIC-driven mechanism, we search for the sequence equivalents in the genome of the South American opossum, Monodelphis domestica. Positional cloning and bioinformatic analysis reveal several interesting findings. First, protein-coding genes that flank the eutherian XIC are well-conserved in M. domestica, as well as in chicken, frog, and pufferfish. However, in M. domestica we fail to identify any recognizable XIST or TSIX equivalents. Moreover, cytogenetic mapping shows a surprising break in synteny with eutherian mammals and other vertebrates. Therefore, during the evolution of the marsupial X chromosome, one or more rearrangements broke up an otherwise evolutionarily conserved block of vertebrate genes. The failure to find XIST/TSIX in M. domestica may suggest that the ancestral XIC is too divergent to allow for detection by current methods. Alternatively, the XIC may have arisen relatively late in mammalian evolution, possibly in eutherians with the emergence of random XCI. The latter argues that marsupial XCI does not require XIST and opens the search for alternative mechanisms of dosage compensation.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis in a renal transplant recipient.

Since its first description in human beings in 1986, ehrlichiosis is now increasingly recognized as a cause of tick-borne febrile illnesses. However, the disease has been reported only rarely in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of human ehrlichiosis in a patient with a cadaveric renal transplant. The diagnosis was confirmed initially by a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for E. chaffeensis. The antibody titer became positive several weeks later. The patient responded promptly to treatment with doxycycline. Ehrlichiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an acute febrile illness in transplant recipients. PCR provides a rapid means to confirm the diagnosis, particularly in settings in which antibody response may be suppressed.
Comments on Cole and Zou's Calculation of the Hydrogen Ground State in Classical Physics

Cole and Zou's computer-simulation calculation of the hydrogen ground state in classical electrodynamics with classical electromagnetic zero-point point radiation suggests that the problem of atomic collapse in atomic physics amy have been solved. Analytic calculations of the early 1980s do not contradict the new results.
Punishment of Disfluencies in Normal Speakers

Disfluencies in the reading of 60 normal college subjects were studied in three experimental conditions: Contingent “Right”, Contingent “Buzzer”, and Contingent “Wrong”. Ten High and 10 Low disflue...
Abuse of psychotherapy: psychotherapist-patient intimacy.

An increasing number of reports in the last few decades suggest a certain breach of psychotherapist-patient fiduciary relationships in the form of sexual intimacy rationalized as ‘genuine love, expres
Temporal Response of the Underwater Optical Channel for High-Bandwidth Wireless Laser Communications

This paper describes a high-sensitivity, high-dynamic range experimental method for measuring the frequency response of the underwater optical channel in the forward direction for the purpose of wireless optical communications. Historically, there have been few experimental measurements of the frequency response of the underwater channel, particularly with regard to wireless communication systems. In this work, the frequency response is measured out to 1 GHz over a wide range of water clarities (approximately 1-20 attenuation lengths). Both spatial and temporal dispersions are measured as a function of pointing angle between the transmitter and the receiver. We also investigate the impact of scattering function and receiver field of view. The impact of these results to the link designer is also presented.
The familial prevalence in second-degree relatives of patients with anxiety neurosis (panic disorder)

A family history study of second-degree relatives of 19 patients with anxiety neurosis (panic disorder) and 19 controls showed a morbidity risk of 9.5% among the former compared with 1.4% among the latter. These risks were approximately half those found among first-degree relatives. Female relatives were at higher risk for anxiety neurosis. The risk for other psychiatric illnesses did not differ between the relatives of anxiety neurosis and controls.
The Effect of Endurance-Type Exercise Training on Growth Mediators and Inflammatory Cytokines in Pre-Pubertal and Early Pubertal Males

Recent studies demonstrate an unexpected reduction in circulating levels of IGF-I after 5 wk of endurance-type exercise training in adolescent boys and girls and prepubertal girls. We hypothesized that the reduction in IGF-I would be accompanied by a training-associated stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), each of which can inhibit the GH-->IGF-I axis. Healthy boys (age range 9-11 y old, mean Tanner 1.7) volunteered for the study and were randomized to control (n = 14) and training groups (n = 12) for 5 wk. After the intervention, significant increase in fitness was observed in the training group but not control group. Although IGF-I was correlated at baseline to peak oxygen consumption in all subjects, there was a significant decrease in IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 in the training subjects (-12.8 +/- 7.3% and -17.5 +/- 7%, respectively, p IGF-I axis. Physical activity can influence growth and development through its influence on anabolic and catabolic mediators.
Insights into CRAC channel gating and ion permeation

The ORAI1 store-operated calcium channel, also known as the CRAC channel, has provided many surprises. The latest is that channel gating and ion selectivity are closely intertwined.
On the formulation of diffusive mixture theories for two-phase regions

This paper deals with the modelling of solidifying two-phase alloys and is primarily concerned with aspects of phase conversion. It briefly reviews existing theories and shows, by considering mass conservation and dissipation, how modelling proceeds when there is a clearly identifiable dominant rate process associated with the phase change.
Telephone Interviewing Practices within Academic Libraries

This study explores the use of telephone interviews within academic libraries by surveying the 112 academic institutional members of the Association of Research Libraries to identify how telephone interviews are utilized. By comparing the literature to the research results, the authors conclude with best practices for telephone interviews.
The newly revised ANSI C12.19 and its application across the utility enterprise

ANSI C12.19, Utility Industry End Device Data Tables, defines the data model for electricity meters, and was last revised in 1997. Since that time, many manufacturers have moved to producing solid-state electricity meters with advanced measurement capabilities far beyond those represented in 1997. In addition, utilities have been pushed to recover more and more data about their energy delivery, which is seen in the advanced metering requirements stated in the Energy Policy Act of 2005. This paper analyzes the improvements and extensions to the 1997 published standard in the context of the system requirements that utilities are presently facing. These include requirements to handle data associated with modem communications, extended measurement sources, load control and pricing, network and relay control, power quality (quality of service), and one-way devices. Also discussed is the ability for utilities to leverage the so-called user-defined tables and extended user-defined tables to perform streamlined meter data (energy and demand, in particular) retrieval. Finally, the ability to generate a machine-usable version of the standard in XML will be put into the context of its usefulness in developing cross-vendor applications.
Females Lead Population Collapse of the Endangered Hawaii Creeper

Population collapses result from drastic environmental changes, but the sexes may differ in vulnerability. Collapse of the endangered Hawaii creeper (Oreomystis mana) at Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge resulted from food limitation associated with increased numbers of an introduced bird (Japanese white-eye, Zosterops japonicus), which competes with the creeper for food. Both creeper sexes had stunted bill growth and the greatest change in molt of native species in the community. With a surge in numbers of white-eyes, a recent cohort of adult females had very low survival after breeding, while adult males from the same cohort, and older females and males, continued to have high survival. Lower female survival resulted in a significantly more male-biased adult sex ratio. Recent low female survival was based on a great cost of reproduction, indicated by molt-breeding overlap that was previously avoided, and lower fat during the lengthy fledgling period. The difference in female survival between cohorts was associated with stunted bills from being reared in and then breeding in an increasingly poor food environment. Trend analysis of survey data indicate that the bird is declining throughout the refuge, with males being 72–80% of adults left six years after the white-eye increased. Competition over time was consistent with that previously documented over space on the Island of Hawaii. Adaptive management to recover the bird in this protected area needs to focus on improving both adult female survival and the adult sex ratio.
Bisphosphonates for Treatment of Childhood Hypercalcemia 454

Clinicians have acquired only limited experience in treating childhood hypercalcemia with bisphosphonates. Little is known about dosage schedules and side reactions in the pediatric age group. We report our experience in the use of intravenous and oral bisphosphonates for treatment of hypercalcemia in one child and two adolescents. Single infusions of 0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg of intravenous pamidronate were administered over 4 hours. The pamidronate dose of 0.5mg/kg established normocalcemia without resulting in severe hypocalcemia. A dose of 1mg/kg of pamidronate produced a severe decline of the serum calcium in one patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Oral alendronate(10 then 20mg/day) was successfully used to maintain normocalcemia in a patient with chronic hypercalcemia of unknown cause. No adverse reactions were observed except for hypocalcemia. In our experience, the administration of intravenous and oral bisphosphonates has enabled us to achieve normocalcemia in all cases, and without significant side effects. A pamidronate dose of 0.5mg/kg infused over 4 hours seems to be an adequate starting dose. Long term side effects from their use in children during the active phase of growth remain unknown.
Structural and functional analyses of a yeast mitochondrial ribosomal protein homologous to ribosomal protein S15 of Escherichia coli

Abstract We have purified a small subunit mitochondrial ribosomal protein, MRPS28p, from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sequence from the amino terminus of MRPS28p was used to design a degenerate oligonucleotide that was complementary to the MRPS28 gene. The MRPS28 gene was isolated and its sequence determined. The MRPS28 sequence encodes a 28 kDa protein that has a region of homology with ribosomal protein S15 of E. coli. This region spans the entire length of the E. coli protein, but as MRPS28p is larger, includes only the portion of the MRPS28p sequence from amino acids 150 to 238. Based on this homology, we predict that MRPS28p, like E. coli S15, interacts directly with small subunit rRNA and functions as an early protein in ribosome assembly. Cells carrying a disrupted chromosomal copy of MRPS28 are unable to respire and spontaneously lose portions of their mitochondrial genomes at a high frequency. These phenotypes are consistent with an essential role for MRPS28p in the assembly and/or function of the mitochondrial ribosome.
COGNITIVE STYLES OF STUDENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Cognitive style is frequently described in terms of performance on the Matching Familiar Figures Test. Because this test has a heavy visual perceptual loading its usefulness as a measure of cognitive style with cerebral palsied students, a population frequently characterized by ocular anomalies and visual perceptual deficits, may be questioned. The test and standardized tests of visual perception and motor accuracy were administered to 46 cerebral palsied students of normal intelligence. Chronological age was the major determiner of visual perceptual and matching performance. The matching data generally suggested that the cerebral palsied students' cognitive styles were qualitatively similar to those of nonhandicapped students, although the extraocular movements of some students appeared to affect the classifications of cognitive style to which they were assigned by the data.
Dendritic spine alterations in schizophrenia.

Abstract Schizophrenia is a chronic illness affecting approximately 0.5–1% of the world’s population. The etiology of schizophrenia is complex, including multiple genes, and contributing environmental effects that adversely impact neurodevelopment. Nevertheless, a final common result, present in many subjects with schizophrenia, is impairment of pyramidal neuron dendritic morphology in multiple regions of the cerebral cortex. In this review, we summarize the evidence of reduced dendritic spine density and other dendritic abnormalities in schizophrenia, evaluate current data that informs the neurodevelopment timing of these impairments, and discuss what is known about possible upstream sources of dendritic spine loss in this illness.
The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History – By Pat Southern

The author of this book characterizes it as an introduction for the general reader likely to be curious about this “tremendously successful army,” but without access to the traditional scholarship ...
INFLUENCE OF THE $lambda$ $pi$ RESONANCE ON CORRELATIONS IN THE REACTION K$sup -$ + d $Yields$ $lambda$ + $pi$$sup -$ + p

A 15-in. deuterium bubble chamber was exposed to a 450-Mev/c separated K/ sup -/ beam, and a group of events were examined corresponding to K/sup -/ + d yields LAMBDA + pi /sup -/ + p and K/sup -/ + d yields SIGMA /sup o/ + pi /sup -/ + p, SIGMA /sup o/ yields LAMBDA + gamma . The distribution of proto n and pion energies and their spectra are given. Two peaks appear in the pion spectram at 92 and 147 Mev; the 92-Mev peak agrees well with that calculated on the basis of SIGMA LAMBDA conversion and the zero-effective-range theory for the Swave interaction. The assumption of a LAMBDA pi resonance of total mass of 1382 Mev and half width of plus or minus 20 Mev gives a proton spectral peak near 30.5 Mev, in agreement with experiment. The contributions of direct production and conversion to the proton spectrum are also shown. The region of proton energies 5 to 20 Mev, where SIGMA LAMBDA conversion is negligible, is considered. Finally, the interactions are compared with the nonmesonic processes K/sup -/ + d yields SIGMA /sup -/ + p, SIGMA /sup o/ + n, or SIGMA + n.more » (D.L.C.)« less
Basophilic Leukemia in a Dog

Basophilic leukemia with thrombocytosis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old Shih Tzu. This diagnosis was based on cytochemical staining and cytologic examination of blood and bone marrow smears. Hydroxyurea, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, at a dose of 50 mg/kg PO bid induced hematologic remission after 7 days of treatment. Adverse effects observed included pruritus, erythema of the ventral abdomen, generalized alopecia, and possibly, diabetes mellitus. The dog remained in remission for 21 months before becoming lethargic, at which time the owners requested euthanasia but did not allow a necropsy.
Pyrolysis of new fluoropolymers

Four new fluoropolymers were pyrolyzed in a vacuum to study rates of volatilization and to identify decomposition products. The polymers thus studied were polyperfluoropropylene, polyperfluoroheptene, poly-4-chloroperfluoroheptadiene-1,6 and poly (1,2,2-triflluorovinyl phenyl ether). Polyperfluoropropylene yielded 100% monomer at temperatures of 300 to 400°C gave an activation energy of 56.6 Kcal/mole. Polyperfluoroheptenes of different molecular weights also yielded 100% monomer on heating. However, they had lower thermal stability than polyperfluoropropylene, but a higher activation energy and a higher pre-exponential factor. Poly-4-chloroperfluoroheptadiene volatilized at a rate of approximately 1% per minute at 380°C. There was very little monomer produced on thermal decomposition and an activation energy of 60 Kcal/mole was obtained from rates of volatilization at 362, 374, and 381°C. Poly (trifluorovinyl phenyl ether) showed a 25% carbonized residue at 500°C pyrolysis. The polymer decomposes into fragments containing very little monomer. Undesirable low molecular weight components in the polymer are still to be eliminated.
Upstream sequences required for transcription of the TFIIIA gene in Xenopus oocytes

The DNA sequences required for efficient initiation of transcription of the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) gene were determined by microinjecting a series of deletion and linker substitution mutants into Xenopus oocyte nuclei. An upstream activating sequence, which resides between residues -283 and -238, and perhaps a second sequence between -167 and -122 preceding the transcription start site, together stimulate transcription about 30-fold. The distance between the two sequences and the distance from them to the initiation site can vary by at least 13 base pairs without loss of activity. The TFIIIA upstream sequences can stimulate transcription of other genes, for example, they stimulate transcription from the herpes thymidine kinase promoter about 30-fold.
Particle optics of quadrupole doublet magnets in Spallation Neutron Source accumulator ring

The Spallation Neutron Source ring employs doublet quadrupoles and dipole correctors in its straight sections. The electromagnetic quadrupoles have a large aperture, small aspect ratio, and relatively short iron-to-iron distance. The corrector is even closer to one of the quads. There have been concerns on the magnetic fringe field and interference in the doublet magnets and their assemblies. We have performed 3D computing simulations to study magnetic field distributions in the doublet magnets. Further, we have analyzed the particle optics based on the $z$-dependent focusing functions of the quads. The effect of the magnetic fringe field and interference, including the third-order aberrations, on the particle motion are investigated. The lens parameters and the first-order hard edge models are derived and compared with the parameters used in the ring lattice calculations.
`Small genomics' on a large scale

Abstract E. coli and Small Genomes, American Society for Microbiology, Snowbird, UT, USA, 12–15 October 1997.
Simple cost risk-benefit calculation: nuclear plant backfit analysis

The radiological risks include the probabilities and consequences of severe accidents at commercial nuclear power plants. The purpose of this paper is to present a valuation on the expected person-rem or societal committed dose from major accidents to identify whether back-fits in design modification can be supported. The approach of project evaluation by engineers of amortization is somewhat modified for these probabilistic events. A sample calculation is presented along with examples from published analytical calculations for several US light water reactors.
Influence of adaptation period length on the ability of humans to increase and decrease heart rate with instructions and biofeedback.

Sixty subjects were given either a long or a short adaptation period before being (a) instructed to increase heart rate (HR), (b) instructed to decrease HR, (c) instructed to increase HR and given biofeedback, or (d) instructed to decrease HR and given biofeedback. Results indicated that after a long adaptation period subjects could increase HRs but not decrease HRs and that after a short adaptation period subjects could decrease HRs but not increase HRs. These findings are consistent with what would be expected on the basis of the “law of initial values” and they accounted for conflicts in previous research. Changes in HR accomplished with the combination of instructions and biofeedback were not greater than those accomplished with instructions alone, thus suggesting that previous effects attributed to biofeedback may have been due simply to instructions.
Development of innovative techniques for testing and mapping private well water quality

This paper documents the development of portable kit for testing and mapping water quality in the field. Previously, thorough testing and reporting on well water quality required multiple steps, including costly and time-consuming lab work that often made such testing impractical. To address this problem, a water sampling kit was created that consists of a pocket PC, a GPS receiver and probes to test for pollutants. The kit automatically records the geographical coordinates at the water sampling site, as well as the data collected by the probes into one spreadsheet. The data is then linked to a GIS for display in a simple and usable manner. The efficiency of the kit gives it the potential to create a new standard for sampling water, particularly in the case of private wells, which are currently inadequately monitored due to scarce state resources. This paper describes the process of researching, designing, and testing the water sampling system.
Claims, Barriers, and Satisfaction: Parents' Requests for Additional Special Education Services

This article explores the issue of requests for additional special education services. In their study, the authors identified which parents of children who receive special education services make claims for additional related services; the barriers these parents report facing in obtaining such services; and the connections among claims, barriers, and parents' satisfaction with educational services. The authors provide a differentiated view of how child, family, and service-system factors may play into parents' experiences with special education and make policy recommendations related to this perspective. Analyses of national data on children with disabilities indicated that only a small percentage of parents whose children were receiving special education services had requested additional related services. Among parents who made such requests, the vast majority experienced problems in obtaining these services. Parents who reported problems were much more likely to report being dissatisfied with their chil...
Graduate acoustics education in the Cockrell School of Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin

While graduate study in acoustics takes place in several colleges and schools at The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin), including Communication, Fine Arts, Geosciences, and Natural Sciences, this poster focuses on the acoustics program in Engineering. The core of this program resides in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering (ME) and Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE). Acoustics faculty in each department supervise graduate students in both departments. One undergraduate and seven graduate acoustics courses are cross-listed in ME and ECE. Instructors for these courses include staff at Applied Research Laboratories at UT Austin, where many of the graduate students have research assistantships. The undergraduate course, taught every fall, begins with basic physical acoustics and proceeds to draw examples from different areas of engineering acoustics. Three of the graduate courses are taught every year: a two-course sequence on physical acoustics, and a transducers course. The remaining four graduate acoustics courses, taught in alternate years, are on nonlinear acoustics, underwater acoustics, ultrasonics, and architectural acoustics. An acoustics seminar is held most Fridays during the long semesters, averaging over ten per semester since 1984. The ME and ECE departments both offer Ph.D. qualifying exams in acoustics.
Monitoring Progress Among Mildly Handicapped Pupils: Review of Current Practice and Research

The purpose of this paper is to review research on the use of formative evaluation with mildly handicapped pupils. First, the importance of formative evaluation to special education is described. Then, four critical issues in formative evaluation methodology are discussed: focus of measurement, frequency of measurement, data display, and data-utilization methods. Finally, a proposal for additional related research is advanced.