cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short- and long-term results of open heart surgery in patients with abdominal solid organ transplant.

Objectives: Cardiac disease is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with abdominal solid organ transplant. Improvement of the results of abdominal organ transplantation has contributed to an increasing pool of patients who require open heart surgery. We investigated short- and long-term results of open heart surgery in patients with functioning abdominal solid organ transplants. Methods: We retrospectively examined 60 patients (52.5 years in average) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valve surgery since July 1988 after abdominal organ transplantation. There were 22 females (37%). They consisted of 46 kidney, nine kidney-pancreas and five liver recipients. Cardiac surgery was performed 68.9 months after transplantation. Preoperative serum creatinine level was 2.1 mg/dl, and 11 patients (18%) had creatinine level more than 3.0 mg/dl. Eleven patients (18%) were operated upon on non-elective basis. Twelve patients (20%) were not given stress-dose steroids postoperatively. Results: Three patients died early after surgery (5.0%). Twenty-six major complications were seen in 17 patients (28%), including deterioration of renal function in seven (three patients required temporary hemodialysis), three major infections, two bleeding complications, and two strokes. No graft loss was encountered. No differences were seen in mortality and morbidity between patients with or without stress-dose steroids. Multivariate analysis identified cardiopulmonary bypass time (P , 0:05) as a risk factor for operative death, preoperative creatinine level (P , 0:05), cardiopulmonary bypass time (P , 0:05) and the amount of fresh frozen plasma used (P , 0:05) for major complication, non-elective surgery (P , 0:01) for deterioration of renal function. Thirteen patients died and five kidney allografts failed late after surgery. Three- and 5-year patient and graft survivals were 70.8 and 66.8, 84.5 and 84.5%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis identified female gender (P , 0:05), body mass index (P , 0:001) and non-elective surgery (P , 0:001) as risk factors for late death, and preoperative creatinine level (P , 0:05) for late graft loss. Conclusions: Open heart surgery can be performed with acceptable short- and long-term results in patients with functioning abdominal transplants. Stress-dose steroid may be unnecessary in selected patients. Aggressive use of open heart surgery in this patient population to avoid non-elective surgery may further improve early and late surgical outcomes. q 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Development and Experimental Validation of a 3-D Solder Self-Alignment Model for Alignment Accuracy Prediction of Flip-Chip Assembly

We describe a 3-D model for predicting the self-alignment accuracy of solder flip-chip assemblies. The model was developed using a force optimization method based on an explicit regression model, and validated experimentally using flip-chip test vehicles. The experimental results correlate with the model prediction to within 3% for the lateral alignment and 2% for the standoff height. The effects of important manufacturing parameters such as solder volume variations and distributions, chip mass, and die tilt, on the post-assembly alignment accuracies were investigated and characterized with the model. This model can be used to aid in the design of flip-chip assemblies requiring high alignment accuracies, such as those found in optoelectronics packaging.
Analytic performance model for speculative, synchronous, discrete-event simulation

Performance models exist that reliably describe the execution time and efficiency of parallel discrete-event simulations executed in a synchronous iterative fashion. These performance models incorporate the effects of processor heterogeneity, other processor load due to shared computational resources, application workload imbalance, and the use of speculative computation. This includes modeling the effects of predictive optimism, a technique for improving the accuracy of speculative assumptions. We extend these models to incorporate correlated workloads across the set of processors and validate the models with two different applications.
Resonant tunneling with superlattice emitters

In this study we examine the effect of superlattice (SL) structures as electron injectors to asymmetric double barrier resonant tunneling diodes (ADBRTDs). The experiment consisted of growing devices with five periods of GaAs/AlAs SLs prior to the ADBRT structure in the growth direction. The periods of SL used in our characterization were 50 /spl Aring//50 /spl Aring/, 30 /spl Aring//30 /spl Aring/ and 15 /spl Aring// 15 /spl Aring/. Observations of the effect of the SL period on the first resonance level in forward bias and reverse bias were made. Phonon assisted tunneling was also observed.
Roles for polarity and nuclear determinants in specifying daughter cell fates after an asymmetric cell division in the maize leaf

Abstract Asymmetric cell divisions occur repeatedly during plant development, but the mechanisms by which daughter cells are directed to adopt different fates are not well understood [1,2]. Previous studies have demonstrated roles for positional information in specification of daughter cell fates following asymmetric divisions in the embryo [3] and root [4]. Unequally inherited cytoplasmic determinants have also been proposed to specify daughter cell fates after some asymmetric cell divisions in plants [1,2,5], but direct evidence is lacking. Here we investigate the requirements for specification of stomatal subsidiary cell fate in the maize leaf by analyzing four mutants disrupting the asymmetric divisions of subsidiary mother cells (SMCs). We show that subsidiary cell fate does not depend on proper localization of the new cell wall during the SMC division, and is not specified by positional information acting on daughter cells after completion of the division. Instead, our data suggest that specification of subsidiary cell fate depends on polarization of SMCs and on inheritance of the appropriate daughter nucleus. We thus provide evidence of a role for unequal inheritance of an intracellular determinant in specification of cell fate after an asymmetric plant cell division.
Residues of Stirofos (Rabon®) in Eggs of Laying Hens Treated for Northern Fowl Mite Control by Dipping,

Laying hens were treated with a wettable powder formulation of stirofos [Rabon, 2-chloro-1-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethylphosphate] by dipping in a .5 or 1.0% actual ingredient (AI) water suspension of a 50% wettable powder (WP) stirfos formulation. Stirofos residues were detected in eggs within 1 day after treatment and reached maximum levels 3 days after dipping (.021 and .035 ppm in the low- and high-dose birds, respectively). After that time, levels of residues in eggs declined rapidly and no sample contained detectable quantities (less than .004 ppm) of stirofos after 21 days. Dipping may be a practical control method for the northern fowl mite on chickens, because stirofos dips effectively control this mite on laying hens for at least 6 weeks and because resulting residues in eggs are well below established tolerances.
Grammar Recovery from Parse Trees and Metrics-Guided Grammar Refactoring

Many software development tools that assist with tasks such as testing and maintenance are specific to a particular development language and require a parser for that language. Because a grammar is required to develop a parser, construction of these software development tools is dependent upon the availability of a grammar for the development language. However, a grammar is not always available for a language and, in these cases, acquiring a grammar is the most difficult, costly, and time-consuming phase of tool construction. In this paper, we describe a methodology for grammar recovery from a hard-coded parser. Our methodology is comprised of manual instrumentation of the parser, a technique for automatic grammar recovery from parse trees, and a semi-automatic metrics-guided approach to refactoring an iterative grammar to obtain a recursive grammar. We present the results of a case study in which we recover and refactor a grammar from version 4.0.0 of the GNU C++ parser and then refactor the recovered grammar using our metrics-guided approach. Additionally, we present an evaluation of the recovered and refactored grammar by comparing it to the ISO C++98 grammar.
Effects of Glucose and Sorbitol on Proliferation of Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts and Arterial Smooth-muscle Cells

To determine effects of metabolic abnormalities associated with diabetes mellitus on proliferation of diploid human cells, cultured human skin fibroblasts and arterial smooth-muscle cells were grown in media containing added glucose in the range often seen in diabetic subjects (10 to 30 mM, 180 to 550 mg./dl.). "High" glucose media enhanced proliferation of fibroblasts, with an "optimal" response at about 18 mM (325 mg./dl.). Equimolar sorbitol gave similar results, with the greatest increase in proliferation occurring at about the same concentration as for glucose (1 mM). Since neither equimolar mannitol nor sucrose produced such effects consistently, these results cannot be explained solely on the basis of hyperosmolarity. In contrast, arterial smooth-muscle cells failed to show a consistent growth response in the presence of either added glucose or sorbitol. These results suggest that studies with cultured human cells may be useful in assessment of responses to components of the disordered metabolic milieu of diabetes. Such studies of arterial smooth-muscle cells should also be useful for investigation of the mechanism of atherosclerosis in diabetes.
Conceptualizing Codes of Conduct in Social Networking Communities

This chapter reviews the capabilities of social networking tools and links those capabilities to recent legal and ethical controversies involving use of social networking tools such as Facebook and MySpace.Asocial cognitive moral framework is applied to explore and analyze the ethical issues present in these incidents. Three ethical vulnerabilities are identified in the use of social networking tools: 1) the medium provides a magnified forum for public humiliation or hazing, 2) a blurring of boundaries exists between private and public information on social networking sites, and 3) the medium merges individuals’professional and non-professional identities. Prevalent legal and social responses to these kinds of incidents are considered and implications are suggested for encouraging responsible use. The chapter includes a description of the authors’ current research with preservice students involving an intervention whereby students read and think about real cases where educators use social networking. The intervention was created to improve students’ critical thinking about the ethical issues involved. Recommendations for applying institutional codes of conduct to ethical dilemmas involving online tools are discussed.
Validity and Reliability of the 'Intimate Partner Violence Health Screening Tool for Health Professionals'

Purpose: Women who experience abuse from intimate partners often identify healthcare practitioners as potential sources of support. However, assessment tools for the health professional are often lengthy, vague, or inefficient for clinical utilization. The purpose of this study is to test the validity and reliability of a new "Intimate Partner Violence Screening Tool for Health Professionals".Methods: This was a validity and reliability study, with seven expert reviews from social work, physical therapy, and psychology. Experts were provided with a copy of the "IPV Screening Tool for Health Professionals" and a rubric that was created by the primary investigators and based upon psychosocial, socio-eonsomic, and physical abuse detection constructs in conjunction with current literature. The experts completed the rubric and provided qualitative and quantitative feedback of each construct related to the new measurement tool. Face, content validity, and construct validity were measured along with reliability measures for internal consistency of the measurement tool. ICC, Kappa Statistic, and Cronbach's alpha were calculated to determine the validity and reliability.Results: Preliminary results from this study show high internal consistency, face and content validity, and construct validity for the novel "IPV Screening Measurement Tool for Health Professionals".Conclusions: The new "IPV Screening Tool for Health Professionals" exhibited good face, content, and construct validity, as well as strong internal consistency. Future studies focusing on test-retest reliability and criterion validity within a clinical setting should be considered for further validation of this instrument.
Inhibitory and excitatory networks balance cell coupling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: A modeling approach

Neuronal coupling contributes to circadian rhythms formation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). While the neurotransmitter vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is considered essential for synchronizing the oscillations of individual neurons, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) does not have a clear functional role despite being highly concentrated in the SCN. While most studies have examined the role of either GABA or VIP, our mathematical modeling approach explored their interplay on networks of SCN neurons. Tuning the parameters that control the release of GABA and VIP enabled us to optimize network synchrony, which was achieved at a peak firing rate during the subjective day of about 7Hz. Furthermore, VIP and GABA modulation could adjust network rhythm amplitude and period without sacrificing synchrony. We also performed simulations of SCN networks to phase shifts during 12h:12h light-dark cycles and showed that GABA networks reduced the average time for the SCN model to re-synchronize. We hypothesized that VIP and GABA balance cell coupling in the SCN to promote synchronization of heterogeneous oscillators while allowing flexibility for adjustment to environmental changes.
E-073 Transarterial Venous Sinus Occlusion for Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas

Purpose To present trans-arterial venous sinus occlusion technique for dural arteriovenous fistulas of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses. Materials and Methods Nine cases of dural arteriovenous sinus fistula of the transverse and sigmoid sinuses were treated with trans-arterial closure of the arterial supply and the venous sinus using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (ONYX). Five patients were male and four were female. Age range was30–73. Patients presented with stroke, intracranial haemorrhage, seizure, headache or memory changes. Six patients had patent sinuses and three patients had fistulas involving isolated sinus segments which were Cognard IIa + b and Cognard IIb respectively. Criteria for selection for this treatment included complex multi-hole fistulas involving a broad surface of the sinus. External carotid artery branches could be directly embolised when considered safe. High risk arterial supply from ICA parenchymal vessels of the brain or ECA cranial nerve were embolised via retrograde collaterals. The affected venous sinus was a non-dominant or co-dominant sinus. Vein of Labbe had to be spared. Results ONYX embolisation DAVF closure was accomplished in all nine patients with a total of 15 embolisation procedures. No cranial nerve neuropathies or strokes occurred related to arterial embolisation. No patients incurred strokes related to the venous sinus embolisation. DAVF closure was found to be durable at three months in eight patients with one patient pending follow up. Conclusion Trans-arterial closure of transverse and sigmoid sinus provides an alternative to venous sinus coil occlusion, surgical skeletonization or radiosurgery. High risk arterial collaterals can be closed via artery-artery or artery-sinus-artery embolisation. In this small cohort, closure of dural AV fistulas was durable at three months with low complication rates. Disclosures J. Rabinov: None. A. Yoo: None. T. Leslie-Mazwi: None. C. Ogilvy: None. J. Hirsch: None.
TERATOGENIC ACTION IN RATS OF RESERPINE ALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH SALICYLATE AND IMMOBILIZATION.

SummaryLarge doses of reserpine administered to pregnant rats on the ninth or tenth days of gestation are highly teratogenic. Pre-treatment with reserpine significantly increases salicylate teratogenicity and augments the effect of immobilization on salicylate teratogenicity. A low, but significant teratogenicity also results from epinephrine administration on the tenth day. The types of anomaly produced by all these agents arc similar except that reserpine or epinephrine also produce the anomaly of stunted fetuses lacking most of the axial skeleton. These findings suggest that disturbed catecholamine metabolism may be an important teratogenic factor.
Stress concentration factors due to the bending of a thick plate with circular hole

Solutions of a biharmonic equation together with four Helmholtz equations governing a twelfthorder thick plate theory in cylindrical coordinates are derived in a form suitable for finding corrections to previous lower-order thick plate results. As an example, for an infinite plate with a circular hole subjected to bending moments at two parallel outside edges, detailed comparisons of values of a stress couple concentration factor and a stress concentration factor are made between the present theory and previous results due to Alblas, Reissner, and Cheng.
The 1980 Cleveland Newspaper Market Revisited: Analysis Finds VibrantAgenda Diversity, Robust Marketplace of Ideas

A reanalysis of the Cleveland newspaper market of 1980, prior to the closure of the Cleveland Press, differs with the conclusions of a previous content analysis of two-daily communities that have become monopoly markets. Unlike the conclusions of the previous study, by McCombs, this replication found a diverse marketplace of ideas and opinion that suggests a lively agenda-setting and ideological diversity that disappeared with the emergence of the monopoly market, to the detriment of the Cleveland community and the democratic process.
Management of arrhythmia syndromes during pregnancy.

Purpose of review: To discuss the diagnosis and management of maternal arrhythmias occurring during pregnancy. Recent findings: When necessary, current technology allows implantation of arrhythmia management devices and performing catheter ablation procedures with little or no risk from radiation exposure to the fetus. Summary: A variety of cardiac rhythm disturbances can occur during pregnancy, ranging from benign ectopy to life-threatening arrhythmias. In patients with normal hearts and minimally symptomatic arrhythmias, only reassurance is necessary. The quality of the data on managing more serious arrhythmias in pregnancy is somewhat limited, yet with a clear understanding of the maternal hemodynamic changes associated with pregnancy, and the appropriate antiarrhythmic therapies available, almost all cases can be treated successfully. The decision to treat should be based on careful consideration of risk and benefits, yet, when therapy is deemed necessary, it should be administered promptly and with confidence. Drug therapy should be avoided during the first trimester if possible and drugs with the longest record of safety are preferred. The decision to pursue an invasive strategy is complicated by the potential for procedural risks. Yet, the state of modern technology is such that invasive strategies, when justified, can be carried out effectively.
Characterization of leak rates in thermoplastic barrier valve seals under high static and cyclic pressure loads

Abstract The article focuses on characterization of leak rates under high static and cyclic pressure loads in thermoplastic barrier seals used in gas lift valves. The objective of the study is to validate the seal design for gas lift valves and check if its sealing material would meet the stringent leakage requirements laid out in the Statoil standards. The Statoil has a stringent leakage requirement of ≤2 sccm with gases and a pressure drop of ≤1% of the applied pressure differential with liquids. For convenience of the study only the barrier check valve portion of the actual gas lift valve is tested. It includes a spring, check dart, a portion of the flow bore, a portion of the nose (housing the dart) and the check seal. For leak tests at pressures up to 2000 psi, a standard nitrogen bottle was used and for higher pressures up to 10,000 psi, a boost pump was employed. In addition, the test rig was designed to generate accelerated cyclic loads to study the effect of it on leakage characteristics of the seal. Finite element analysis (FEA) on the seal design under 100 and 10,000 psi validated the stress-strain states in seal and predicted the sealing contact pressures. It was observed that the new seal design satisfies the Statoil requirements after an initial pressure cycle. In addition, it is observed that leak rates are unaffected by the accelerated loading cycles.
Comparison of Penile Duplex Ultrasonography with Nocturnal Penile Tumescence Monitoring for the Evaluation of Erectile Impotence

AbstractA total of 50 patients with erectile dysfunction underwent comprehensive evaluation, including vascular evaluation with penile duplex ultrasonography and papaverine injection, as well as nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring. The latter was performed in a sleep laboratory setting in all patients. The results of penile duplex ultrasonography with papaverine injection were classified as 18 patients with normal vascular findings, 22 with arterial insufficiency, 3 with the pelvic steal syndrome and 7 with isolated venous leakage.Of the patients 15 had normal ultrasonographic and nocturnal penile tumescence findings, 29 had abnormal ultrasonographic vascular and nocturnal penile tumescence findings, 3 had abnormal ultrasonographic vascular findings and normal nocturnal penile tumescence (including 1 with the pelvic steal syndrome as evidenced by penile brachial index) and 3 had normal ultrasonographic vascular findings and abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence (including 2 with neurogenic erectile dysf...
Rift Systems in the Western United States

Rifting has occurred episodically in the western United States from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic. Speculation concerning Precambrian rifting has focused on the possibility of major continental rifts about 1,450 m.y002E; and 900? to 650 m.y. ago. The 1,450 m.y. rifting event is seen as cutting across trends of Precambrian crystalline basement rocks. It is considered to have developed along a system of three-armed rifts in which the abandoned arm is preserved as deep epicratonic troughs (aulacogens) extending into the craton at a high angle to the trend of the main rift. The Belt Supergroup, which is locally as much as 20 km thick, was deposited, according to this theory, in one of these abandoned arms.
Sophie Loidolt: Anspruch und Rechtfertigung : Eine Theorie des Rechtlichen Denkens im Anschluss an die Phänomenologie Husserls

The lifeworld is saturated with claims, justifications, assertions, validities, values and reasons; it is, in a manifold of senses, the very domain of right. In this brilliantly argued book, Sophie Loidolt advances the compelling thesis that these structures of right and justification, broadly construed, not only shape lived experience, but are, as ‘‘fundamentale Weisen der Welterschliesung,’’ constitutive of subjectivity itself (p. 1). Loidolt takes as her point of departure the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and offers a detailed reconstruction of Husserl’s genetic analyses of theoretical evidence and justification found in his later writings, above all Experience and Judgment, as well as a thorough presentation of the main trends in the development of his ethical writings from 1908 to the end of his career. This project is not limited to reconstruction and interpretation of Husserl’s text, however, but has instead the goal of outlining a theory of ‘‘right thinking’’ (rechtliches Denken) on phenomenological grounds. A good part of this goal is achieved in the first part of the book, ‘‘Zur Genesis des rechtlichen Denkens bei Husserl,’’ which in turn divides into a discussion of Husserl’s conceptions of theoretical and practical reason. The second major part of the book, as the title ‘‘Horizonte von Kritik und Weiterfuhrung: Zur Genesis des rechtlichen Denkens bei Levinas und Apel’’ indicates, takes the principal results of the first part and further develops them in conjunction with a reflection on the phenomenology of alterity found in the work of Emmanuel Levinas, while also opening a dialogue with the transcendental pragmatics of Karl-Otto Apel. A key element of the theory of right that emerges from the first part is the Husserlian thesis of the pre-predicative origins of the basic sense of logical concepts such as modality, validity, and evidence (Chapter III). Modality here plays a particularly important role, and Loidolt specifically emphasizes the importance of a break with originary, passive doxa as the origin of the critical, and with that the
Cellular Uptake of Soluble Neutrophil Elastase Increases Cyclin E (CCNE) Isoform Expression and Significantly Augments Susceptibility of Breast Cancer Cells to Cytolysis by CCNE-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Abstract 2090 We have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with specificity for the cyclin E (CCNE) derived HLA-A2-restricted peptide CCNE144-152 (ILLDWLMEV) specifically lyse myeloid and lymphoid leukemia in proportion to CCNE overexpression. Full length (FL) CCNE is also overexpressed in most solid tumors, including breast cancer where it is a poor prognostic factor. In addition, leukemia and many breast cancers express tumor-specific low molecular weight (LMW) isoforms of CCNE that result from post-translational processing of the FL protein. Neutrophil elastase (NE), derived from the primary granules of neutrophils, cleaves FL CCNE into LMW forms and NE has been identified in breast cancer tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that CCNE may also be a breast cancer tumor antigen because the CCNE144-152 peptide is contained within the overexpressed FL and LMW forms, and that effective T cell immunity could be amplified by increased availability of LMW forms within tumor cells exposed to NE. The link between innate immunity, inflammation, and tumor immunity is poorly understood, and this mechanism could explain a role for tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells in breast cancer. To test this, we elicited CCNE-CTL from peripheral blood lymphocytes of HLA-A2+ healthy donors by weekly stimulation with CCNE-pulsed T2 cells and low-dose IL-2. After 21 days, cytotoxicity of target cells by the lymphocytes was tested with a standard 4-hour calcein AM-based assay. The CCNE-CTL specifically lysed T2 cells pulsed with CCNE (30%) but not non-pulsed T2 cells (0%) at an effector:target (E:T) ratio of 20:1 (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Cognitive or Affective? Unpacking the Effect of Attitude on Information Sharing Behavior

Prominent psychology research indicates an attitude is composed of three separate components, cognitive, affective and behavioral. This research considers the individual effect of each of these attitudinal components on a specific behavior, information sharing. Using conceptually and empirically supported scenario vignettes, as well as self-reported and computer recorded behavior, the relationship between the cognitive component of information sharing attitudes and actual information sharing behavior is supported.
Retail Prices: New Evidence from Argentina

We create a new database of retail prices in Argentina with over 10 million observations per day. Our main novel finding is that, different from Kaplan, Menzio, Rudanko, and Trachter (2016), chains, rather than stores, explain most of the price variation in our data. We show this in three ways: (a) Even though chains have on average 158 stores, there are on average less than 2.5 unique prices per product by chain; (b) Among products that change prices in one store, the probability that other stores of the same chain also change the price of the same product in the same day is 2.4 times the probability for other stores of any chain; and (c) A formal variance decomposition shows that only 28% of the price dispersion (for the same product, day, and city) is explained by stores setting different prices within a chain. This finding is relevant for retail-pricing theories since there are significantly fewer chains than stores, which matters for the degree of competition in the market. This paper also studies the heterogeneity in price changes and price dispersion across product categories.
Vitrification in Assisted Reproduction

Vitrification in assisted reproduction : , Vitrification in assisted reproduction : , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Child and adolescent maltreatment as a mediator of continuity in callous-unemotional traits and low self-control

Abstract Mediators fall into several different categories—social cognitive, perceptual, affective, and most recently, experiential. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether a putative experiential mediator (child and adolescent maltreatment) was capable of mediating temporal continuity in two variables that have traditionally been viewed as stable predictors of delinquency—namely, callous-unemotional (CU) traits and low self-control. Based on the assumption that CU traits and low self-control are significantly more predictive of delinquency than maltreatment, it was hypothesized that the past CU–future CU and past low self-control–future low self-control relationships would be mediated by child and adolescent maltreatment. This assumption and hypothesis were tested by prospectively cross-correlating maltreatment, CU traits, low self-control, and delinquency in 2034 children from the second cohort of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW II). Results indicated that CU traits and low self-control outperformed maltreatment in predicting delinquency, whereas maltreatment mediated the past low self-control–future low self-control relationship but not the past CU–future CU relationship. Further analysis revealed that the two pathways were significantly different from one another and that of the four individual paths examined, only the path running from CU traits to maltreatment failed to achieve significance. Hence, while child and adolescent maltreatment places a child at risk for low self-control and CU traits, only low self-control increased a child's odds of future maltreatment. These results have implications for both theory (reciprocal effects) and practice (delinquency prevention).
Status and Role in Archaeology:: Professionals and Amateurs

Three categories of individuals currently interested in the recovery of prehistoric archaeological material on the Plains as well as in the United States generally, may be distinguished: the profes...
Information approach for a lifetime change-point model based on the exponential-logarithmic distribution

ABSTRACTThe exponential-logarithmic distribution is a distribution which has a decreasing failure function and various applications such as in biological and engineering fields. In this paper, we s...
Monitoring Sewage Treatment Plants: Some Quality Control Aspects

Common features of environmental quality data are serial correlation, seasonality, missing values, nonconstant variance, and nonnormal distributions. These features are found in air and water quality data, in biological and chemical data, and in data fr..
Geological and Geochemical Studies of Kolekole Cinder Cone, Southwest Rift Zone, East Maui, Hawaii

The Kolekole cinder cone is located in the southwest rift zone near the triple-junction of the southwest, east and north rifts, and the Haleakala volcano summit area in East Maui, Hawaii. The geochemical and petrological characteristics of the alkaline lavas erupted from the cinder cone provide important information regarding the post-shield evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes. The incompatible element abundances and ratios of the Kolekole lavas are transitional between previously studied post-shield, temporally continuous, Kula and Hana alkaline series. Thus, the incompatible element composition of the alkaline lavas changed gradually during the post-shield stage. Rare earth element ratios such as Tb/Yb indicate that the Kolekole post-shield alkaline lavas originated from garnet-bearing mantle source regions. The Kolekole lavas are predominantly ankaramite containing 25–40% by volume, large (1–5 mm), normal and reverse-zoned olivine and augite phenocrysts. About 74–85% of the olivine and 58–75% of the augite phenocrysts are reversely zoned. The groundmass of the ankaramite is basanitic and similar to alkaline lava elsewhere on East Maui. Barometry indicates that the phenocrysts originated from depths between 15.5 and 48 km, transcending the crust–mantle boundary. The alkaline primary magma probably ponded below solidified, shallow, shield-stage magma chambers and underwent extensive olivine-controlled high pressure fractional crystallization, as indicated by the Fe-rich (Mg# 35–49) composition estimates and major and compatible trace element correlations in the ankaramite groundmass. Large spheroidal bombs (0.6–2.2 m) near the Kolekole vents indicate that the evolved magma eventually erupted by violent volatile-driven explosions.
CD8 T-cell responses in early HIV-1 infection are skewed towards high entropy peptides.

Objective: To understand the mechanisms underlying the differential targeting of T-cel I responses during HIV-1 disease progression. Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of HIV specific CD8 T-cell responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 21 subjects with well characterized acute or early infection and 88 subjects with chronic HIV-1 infection. We also performed a longitudinal analysis of T-cell responses in five early infected subjects one of whom was studied extensively over a 4-year-period. Methods: PBMC were stimulated with pools of peptides encompassing all of the HIV-1 proteins in an interferon-γ ELISpot assay. A mean entropy score was calculated for each peptide in the HIV-1 genome. Results: The early infected group preferentially targeted variable peptides with higher entropy while responses towards more conserved peptides with lower entropy predominated in the group with chronic infection. In five early infected subjects followed longitudinally, responses to variable proteins declined while those to conserved proteins increased over time. In the subject who was followed for 4 years, epitopes in Vif and Nef were targeted early and escape occurred in three of these four epitopes. During the chronic phase of his infection, the early responses waned with an associated increase in breadth of T-cell responses mainly to Gag and Pol epitopes. Conclusion: Taken together, these data demonstrate that HlV-specific CD8 T cells are directed preferentially to the variable peptides in early infection but diminish in frequency during chronic disease, in large part due to cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape.
Data Construction for Estimation and Measurement

The data generally used for estimation of production theory models, or generating accounting measures of productivity growth, include as many outputs and inputs of the firms as possible in order to reflect all production and costs. Output is usually measured as an aggregate of all types of production. The categories of inputs generally distinguished are capital (K), labor (L), energy (E), non-energy intermediate materials (M) and sometimes purchased services (S). Inputs such as land and inventories are often included in the measure of capital. Others, like pollution abatement capital, are often implicitly included, and some, such as R&D (research and development) expenses, are generally ignored.
Validating the reference unit method of aboveground phytomass estimation on shrubs and herbs

The validity of the reference unit method for ocularly estimating aboveground phytomass non-destructively was assessed on two shrubby and two herbaceous species using three observers. A calibration equation was developed for each observer-plant species combination using measured dry masses of harvested plants. These equations were then used to estimate phytomass of additional individuals of the same species (validation group), which were also later harvested. Average relative errors of estimated individual plant masses in the validation group ranged from 17.1 to 47.3% among the observers. However, when phytomass estimates of the observers were averaged and the resulting means averaged for the validation groups, the relative error of estimate of the mean plant biomass dropped to between 0.2 and 8.0%. The reference unit method appears to be a valid way to estimate the mean phytomass of a group of plants, as is frequently required in community- or population-level studies.
Agatha’s Breasts on a Plate: “Ugliness” as Resistance and Queerness

A post-mastectomy breast reconstruction is not just a “boob job,” mainly because the thinned tissue from radiation and breast surgeries does not lend itself to hold a large implant. Besides, more and more breast cancer survivors refuse further interventions in their bodies, given how cancer treatments, including chemo-ports, lumpectomies, and mastectomies, have left behind a sort of battlefield on a women’s chests. This chapter argues that “missing the breast” can be an opportunity for the “inscription” of a different gendered signifier and for the breast to assume a different signification—not just for a transformation into a post-femininity in the visual realm but also for a new “phallic femininity” to arise. To make the point, the chapter uses the story of Saint Agatha from Catania who is said to have been martyred in 251 bce for resisting the advances of the Roman governor Quintianus. For her “No” to patriarchy, Agatha had to endure the torture of the removal of her breasts. In the present moment, the tattoos in place of breasts on women’s post-mastectomy chests express exactly that: an inner strength, a breast turned “inward.” This chapter examines the discourse that envisions this mutilation and separation from the rest of the female body as a place of female liberation and power. It suggests that, that the lack of the breast and its separation from the female body can become a new rhetorical figure of femininity and thereby surmount its mutilated “ugliness.”
Resveratrol Improves Recovery and Survival of Diet-Induced Obese Mice Undergoing Extended Major (80%) Hepatectomy

Loss of hepatic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression is a cause for the increased perioperative risk for complications and death in patients with obesity and fatty liver undergoing liver resection. Herein, we set out to identify agents that might increase EGFR expression and improve recovery for patients with fatty liver undergoing resection. Using the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model of fatty liver, we examined resveratrol as a therapy to induce EGFR expression and improve outcomes following 80% partial hepatectomy (PH) in a murine model. DIO mice were fed resveratrol or carrier control by gavage. EGFR expression and the response to major (80%) PH were examined. Based on an Illumina analysis, resveratrol was identified as increasing EGFR gene expression in A549 cells. Resveratrol was observed to also increase EGFR protein expression in A549 cells. DIO mice fed resveratrol by gavage (75 mg/kg) demonstrated an increased EGFR expression without the identified hepatic toxicity. Resveratrol and control mice subjected to 80% PH, a model of high mortality hepatectomy in DIO mice, demonstrated macroscopically decreased fatty liver and fewer liver hemorrhagic petechiae. Resveratrol pretreatment ameliorated liver injury and accelerated regeneration of the hepatic remnant after 80% PH including decreasing serum ALT and bilirubin, while increasing hepatic PCNA expression. Resveratrol increased induction of p-STAT3 and p-AKT after 80% hepatectomy. Resveratrol pretreatment significantly improved survival rates in DIO mice undergoing extended 80% PH. Oral resveratrol restores EGFR expression in fatty liver. Resveratrol may be a promising protective agent in instances where extensive hepatic resection of fatty liver is required.
Urgency reveals an attentional vortex during antisaccade performance

In the antisaccade task, which is considered a sensitive assay of cognitive function, a salient visual cue appears and the participant must look away from it. This requires sensory, motor-planning, and cognitive neural mechanisms. But what are the unique contributions of these mechanisms to performance, and when exactly are they engaged? By introducing an urgency requirement into the antisaccade task, we track the evolution of the choice process with millisecond resolution and find a singular, nonlinear dependence on cue exposure: when viewed briefly (~100--140 ms), the cue captures attention so powerfully that looking at it (erroneously) is virtually inevitable, but as the cue viewing time increases, the probability of success quickly rises and saturates. The psychophysical and modeling results reveal concerted interactions between reflexive and voluntary cognitive mechanisms that (1) unfold extremely rapidly, (2) are qualitatively consistent across participants, and (3) are nevertheless quantitatively distinctive of each individual9s perceptual capacities.
Abstract IA29: Novel insights into the dose-dependency of radiation immunogenicity

Recruitment to the tumor of a Batf3-dependent subset of dendritic cells (DCs) specialized in cross-presentation of tumor-derived antigens to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells is driven by type I interferon (IFN-I) and is essential for activation of antitumor CD8+ T cells. We have recently found that in tumors refractory to treatment with immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), radiotherapy induces cancer cell-intrinsic activation of IFN-I pathway and release of interferon-beta, mimicking a viral infection, and resulting in recruitment of Batf3-dependent DCs (Vanpouille-Box et al., Nat Commun 2017). This process is mediated by the accumulation of dsDNA in the cancer cell cytoplasm, which is sensed by cGAS and leads to downstream activation of STING. Importantly, the dose and fractionation of radiation are critical for optimal induction of IFN-I production by irradiated cancer cells. For most carcinoma cells there is a single radiation dose threshold of 12-15 Gy above which the DNA exonuclease TREX1 is upregulated. The latter degrades cytoplasmic dsDNA precluding IFN-I activation. Fractionation, i.e., repeated (three times) daily delivery of radiation therapy at doses below this threshold, amplifies the IFN-I pathway activation in the carcinoma cells, an effect that requires upregulation of IFNRA. Furthermore, the synergy of RT with ICBs (anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1) and the induction of abscopal effects (i.e., immune-mediated rejection of nonirradiated synchronous tumors) are completely dependent on the ability of radiotherapy to induce cancer cell-intrinsic IFN-I. These findings have critical implications for the use of radiotherapy to increase the response to ICBs in the clinic, a strategy currently being tested in over one hundred ongoing and planned trials. Supported by NIH 1R01CA201246, Breast Cancer Research Foundation BCRF-016-054, and The Chemotherapy Foundation. Citation Format: Sandra Demaria. Novel insights into the dose-dependency of radiation immunogenicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA29.
Family Involvement in Adult Chronic Disease Care: Reviewing the Systematic Reviews

Health care providers, policy makers, and investigators are dependent upon the quality and accuracy of published research findings to inform and guide future practice and research in their field. S...
Effectiveness of Sequential Compression Devices in Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Medically Ill Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of sequential compression devices (SCDs) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention in medically ill hospitalized patients. Materials and methods Adult patients admitted to a teaching hospital from April 2015 to March 2016 were included. Patients on anticoagulants with or without SCDs were excluded. We analyzed VTE risk, length of hospital stay, and other comorbidities among propensity score-matched patients on SCDs and those without thromboprophylaxis (NONE). Results Among 30,824 patients, 67 patients (0.22%) developed VTE during their hospital stays, with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 55 cases and pulmonary embolism (PE) in 12. VTE was seen in 47 out of 20,018 patients on SCDs (41 DVT, 6 PE) and 20 out of 10,819 patients without SCDs (14 DVT, 6 PE). Risk-adjusted analysis showed no significant difference in VTE incidence in the SCD group compared to NONE (odds ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.57-1.73, p=0.74). Conclusion Compared to the NONE group, SCDs are not associated with decreased VTE incidence during hospital stay.
The Role of Patient and Family Education

Educational programs to minimize acute postoperative pain are endorsed by the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists. The focus of educational curriculum is variable and both patient and situation specific but should address reasonable post-operative expectations, alleviate anxiety and provide specific instructions on chronic medication management prescribed for other co-morbidities. Continued focused efforts are needed to best delineate educational content and methods of teaching for optimal patient care.
Oxysterols and apolipoproteins in multiple sclerosis: a 5 year follow-up study

The purpose of this work was to investigate whether changes in oxysterol and apolipoprotein levels over 5 years are associated with disease course and disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study included 139 subjects [39 healthy controls (HCs), 61 relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients, and 39 progressive MS (P-MS) patients]. Oxysterols [24-hydroxycholesterol (24HC), 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), 7α-hydroxycholesterol (7αHC), and 7-ketocholesterol (7KC)] were measured at baseline and 5 years using a novel mass spectrometric method, and apolipoproteins were measured using immunoturbidometric diagnostic kits. Levels of 24HC (P = 0.004), 25HC (P = 0.029), and 27HC (P = 0.026) increased in P-MS patients. 7KC (P = 0.047) and 7αHC (P = 0.001) levels decreased in RR-MS patients, and there were no changes in any oxysterols in HCs. In MS patients, ApoC-II (all P ≤ 0.01) and ApoE (all P ≤ 0.01) changes were positively associated with all oxysterol levels. Increases in 24HC (P = 0.038) and ApoB (P = 0.038) and decreases in 7KC (P = 0.020) were observed in RR-MS patients who converted to secondary P-MS (SP-MS) at follow-up and in SP-MS patients compared with RR-MS patients. Oxysterols and their associations with apolipoproteins differed between MS patients and HCs over 5 years. Oxysterol and apolipoprotein changes were associated with conversion to SP-MS.