cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Existence of solution of the operator equation AX − XB = Q with possibly unbounded A, B, Q

Abstract Consider the operator equation, AX − XB = Q(∗), in which A, B, Q are appropriately given bounded or unbounded linear operators in a Hilbert space H . Let V A, V B be domains of A, B, respectively. The equation (∗) has a unique solution X = XQ in L ( V B, H ) if: (i) a countable orthonormal basis { b i | i ϵ N } exists for V B such that each b i is an eigenvector of B belonging to an eigenvalue μi; (ii) a sequence { V A (n(k))|k ϵ N } of finite-dimensional subspaces of V A exists such that V A (n(k)) contains A[ V A (n(k))] and the space spanned by {Q b i |1 ⩽ i ⩽ n(k)} , for all; (iii) for every i, the operator Ti ≡ A − μiI in V has a continuous inverse defined on its image and (iv) {T i } iϵ N is an l2-sequence or an appropriately weighted lp-sequence. A numerical analytical approach to this theorem is outlined using internal approximations and reflexivity of certain spaces. It is discussed why the existence of solution to a properly defined dual problem to (∗) implies a certain one-sided coercivity condition which, in turn, leads to the existence of a unique solution to equation (∗). Examples are given.
Microcephalic osteodysplastic dysplasia

We present two patients with a distinct facial phenotype, short stature, brachydactyly, clubfoot deformities, cataracts, microcephaly, and normal intelligence. Similar radiographic abnormalities of the spine, long bones, hands, and feet were noted. These patients are similar to 2 males previously described by Saul and Wilson [1990: Am J Med Genet 35:388-393]. These 4 patients appear to have a unique skeletal dysplasia characterized by microcephaly, distinct facial phenotype, multisystem abnormalities, and short stature of postnatal onset.
Surgical treatment of chronic groin and testicular pain after laparoscopic and open preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair.

Background Standard triple neurectomy does not address inguinodynia secondary to neuropathy of the genitofemoral nerve and the preperitoneal segment of its genital branch seen after inguinal hernia repair performed laparoscopically or in open preperitoneal fashion. Study Design Standard triple neurectomy was extended to include the genitofemoral nerve. Sixteen patients with chronic groin pain after laparoscopic and open preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair underwent operative triple neurectomy, with resection of the main trunk of the genitofemoral nerve in the retroperitoneum over the psoas muscle. All patients had previously undergone unsuccessful extensive nonsurgical pain management. Results Fourteen of 16 patients had significant improvement of their pain, as evidenced by a decrease in subjectively reported postoperative pain levels as compared with their preoperative baseline, a decrease or complete elimination of daily narcotic dependence, and return to baseline activities of daily living and work. One of the nonresponder patients underwent a previous open prostatectomy, and exposure of the genitofemoral nerve was not possible due to scarring from the prostatectomy. The other nonresponder patient continues to experience subjective pain equivalent to preoperative levels due to the sensation of firmness and incisional pain that arose in the setting of a postoperative wound infection. He does, however, report that his pain is of different character and quality from his preneurectomy pain and is primarily centered around the incision. His follow-up has not been long enough to determine if his symptoms will improve as his incision and scar remodel. Conclusions Extension of the standard triple neurectomy to include the genitofemoral nerve for treatment of inguinodynia after open and laparoscopic preperitoneal mesh repair is a safe and effective procedure.
Long-term follow-up after radiofrequency modification of the atrioventricular node in patients with atrial fibrillation

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term follow-up results in 62 patients with atrial fibrillation and an uncontrolled ventricular rate, who underwent radiofrequency modification of the atrioventricular (AV) node. Background. Previous studies in small numbers of patients have suggested that radiofrequency modification may be effective in controlling the ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation, but long-term follow-up data have been lacking. Methods. The subjects of this study were 62 consecutive patients (mean age ± SD 65 ± 14 years; 43 with structural heart disease) who underwent an attempt at radiofrequency modification of the AV node because of symptomatic, drug-refractory atrial fibrillation with an uncontrolled ventricular rate. The atrial fibrillation was chronic in 46 patients and paroxysmal in 16. Radiofrequency energy was applied to the posteroseptal or midseptal right atrium to lower the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation to 120 to 130 beats/min during an infusion of 4 μg/min of isoproterenol. Results. Short-term control of the ventricular rate was successfully achieved without the induction of pathologic AV block in 50 (81%) of 62 patients. Inadvertent high degree AV block occurred in 10 (16%) of 62 patients, with the AV block occurring at the time of the procedure in 6 patients and 36 to 72 h after the procedure in 4. During 19 ± 8 months of follow-up (range 4 to 33), 5 (10%) of 50 patients had a symptomatic recurrence of an uncontrolled rate during atrial fibrillation. Overall, adequate rate control at rest and during exertion, without pathologic AV block, was achieved long term in 45 (73%) of 62 patients. Among 37 patients with a successful outcome, left ventricular ejection fraction increased from (mean ± SD) 0.44 ± 0.14 to 0.51 ± 0.10 one year later (p Conclusions. In ∼70% of properly selected patients with atrial fibrillation and an uncontrolled ventricular rate, radiofrequency modification of the AV node results in excellent long-term control of the ventricular rate at rest and during exertion. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;27:113–21)>
Liquid-seal Czochralski growth of gallium arsenide

Abstract A new technique of using molten B 2 O 3 as a push-pull, rotary seal for Czochralski growth of gallium arsenide is described. This system has some afvantages over previous techniques. The most attractive feature of this system is that it is very simple, economical to construct, and easy to operate.
Mechanism of Crosslinking of Proteins by Glutaraldehyde II. Reaction with Monomeric and Polymeric Collagen

Collagen in three different states, i.e. native soluble molecules, denatured molecules and reconstituted fibers, was exposed to various concentrations of glutaraldehyde. The degree of intramolecula...
The interplexiform cell system. II. Effects of dopamine on goldfish retinal neurones

The effects of atomized solutions of dopamine and certain related compounds have been tested on the intracellularly recorded activity of receptor, horizontal, bipolar and amacrine cells in the goldfish retina. Dopamine depolarizes the cone L-type horizontal cells and reduces the amplitude of light-evoked responses. These effects on L-type horizontal cells are completely abolished by the $\alpha $-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine, but only partially depressed by the $\beta $-blocker, propanolol. L-Dopa, noradrenalin, and serotonin do not have effects on L-type horizontal cells when applied at concentrations similar to those that cause maximal dopamine effects. The results suggest that the effects of dopamine on L-type horizontal cells are specific, and we propose that they mimic the effects of interplexiform cell activity. Dopamine has no effects on rod horizontal cells in goldfish and variable effects on C-type horizontal cells. On bipolar cells, dopamine alters the dark membrane potential, enhances the central response to light, and depresses the surround response. Dopamine also decreases the horizontal cell feedback evident in cone responses. Finally, dopamine strongly depolarizes the transient type of amacrine cells, but it has no significant effect on the sustained type of amacrine cells. Assuming that dopamine is the transmitter of interplexiform cells, we suggest that these neurons regulate lateral inhibitory effects mediated by L-type horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer and transient amacrine cells in the inner plexiform layer. In addition, it appears as if interplexiform cells have specific effects on bipolar cells and are capable of regulating centresurround antagonism in these cells. The net effect of interplexiform cell activity is to isolate the bipolars from the influence of the surround.
THE USE OF TEXT-BOOK AND SYLLABUS COURSES IN GENERAL SCIENCE

THE USE OF TEXT-BOOK AND SYLLABUS COURSES IN GENERAL SCIENCE. BY FRANCIS D. CURTIS, Head of the Department of Science, University High School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Midi. In connection with -a recent, study of extensive reading of general science/ the author sent to the lieads of departments of general science in two hundred six selected high schools throughout the United States, which seemed likely to represent the best equipped, most ably instructed, and most progressive secondary schools, a questionary for the purpose of determining the extent to which extensive reading is now employed in high schools throughout the country in connection with, or in place of,, text-books and syllabi. While tlie data from the replies received were analyzed and interpreted in the light of their bearings upon extensive reading, the answers to several questions reveal some very interesting facts .indicating what must be representative of the best current thought and practice with respect to text-book and syllabus courses in general science. As a part of an extensive study of "The Administration of Secondary School Units,"2 Koos gives information bearing upon these same subjects, secured from questionary responses received from nineteen high scliools, representing six states in the North Central Association. Koos found that five of the fourteen schools answering this question (35.7%) made no additions whatever to the texts used in the courses in general science, and six (42.9%) made additions to the text. The material which follows throws additional light upon this phase of Koos^ study. Below are quoted those portions of the author’s questionary which bear upon these topics, with a summary of the information given in the replies. The first figures following the various items give the number and tlie second figures (in parentheses) in every case give tlie per cents of the total number of replies received from schools offering general science, in which those statements were checked or those answers given. Many of tlie questionary blanks were incompletely filled out. Number of questionarics sent out to selected higli schools, 206. Total number of replies received, 105 (51.1%). .
Axiomatic foundations for fairness-motivated preferences

Much work in social choice theory takes individual preferences as uninvestigated inputs into aggregation functions designed to reflect considerations of fairness. Advances in experimental and behavioural economics show that fairness can also be an important motivation in the preferences of individuals themselves. A proper characterisation of how fairness concerns enter such preferences can enrich the informational basis of many social choice exercises. This paper proposes axiomatic foundations for individual fairness-motivated preferences that cover most of the models developed to rationalise observed behaviour in experiments. These models fall into two classes: Outcome-based models, which see preferences as defined only over distributive outcomes, and context-dependent models, which allow rankings over distributive outcomes to change systematically with non-outcome factors. I accommodate outcome-based and context-sensitive fairness concerns by modelling fairness-motivated preferences as a reference-dependent preference structure. I first present a set of axioms and two theorems that generate commonly used outcome-based models as special cases. I then generalise the axiomatic basis to allow for reference-dependence, and derive a simple functional form in which the weight on each person’s payoff depends on a reference vector of how much each person deserves.
Structure-based Design, Synthesis, Evaluation, and Crystal Structures of Transition State Analogue Inhibitors of Inosine Monophosphate Cyclohydrolase

Abstract The inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (IMPCH) component (residues 1-199) of the bifunctional enzyme aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase (AICAR Tfase, residues 200-593)/IMPCH (ATIC) catalyzes the final step in the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway that produces IMP. As a potential target for antineoplastic intervention, we designed IMPCH inhibitors, 1,5-dihydroimidazo[4,5-c][1,2,6]thiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide (heterocycle, 1), the corresponding nucleoside (2), and the nucleoside monophosphate (nucleotide) (3), as mimics of the tetrahedral intermediate in the cyclization reaction. All compounds are competitive inhibitors against IMPCH (Ki values = 0.13-0.23 μm) with the simple heterocycle 1 exhibiting the most potent inhibition (Ki = 0.13 μm). Crystal structures of bifunctional ATIC in complex with nucleoside 2 and nucleotide 3 revealed IMPCH binding modes similar to that of the IMPCH feedback inhibitor, xanthosine 5′-monophosphate. Surprisingly, the simpler heterocycle 1 had a completely different IMPCH binding mode and was relocated to the phosphate binding pocket that was identified from previous xanthosine 5′-monophosphate structures. The aromatic imidazole ring interacts with a helix dipole, similar to the interaction with the phosphate moiety of 3. The crystal structures not only revealed the mechanism of inhibition of these compounds, but they now serve as a platform for future inhibitor improvements. Importantly, the nucleosidecomplexed structure supports the notion that inhibitors lacking a negatively charged phosphate can still inhibit IMPCH activity with comparable potency to phosphate-containing inhibitors. Provocatively, the nucleotide inhibitor 3 also binds to the AICAR Tfase domain of ATIC, which now provides a lead compound for the design of inhibitors that simultaneously target both active sites of this bifunctional enzyme.
Origin of Multinucleated Giant Cells in Long-Term Diffusion Chamber Cultures:

AbstractMultinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) form spontaneously in long-term in vivo diffusion chamber cultures of murine bone marrow. Their appearance coincides with the growth of macrophages which become the predominant cells in culture after an initial phase favoring granulopoiesis. Host mice bearing diffusion chamber cultures were given regular injections of [3H]thymidine beginning prior to the development of MNGCs. The nuclei in MNGCs in these cultures were nonuniformly labeled. In any given MNGC all, none, or some of the nuclei might be labeled and the percentage of labeled nuclei was similar to the percentage labeling of the mononuclear macrophages in these cultures. These findings demonstrate that under these experimental conditions MNGCs arise primarily from cell fusion rather than nuclear division and that they are the random fusion products of both quiescent and actively dividing macrophages.
Molecular electronics: chemistry of molecules or physics of contacts?

Computing with molecules as building blocks for circuits is an exciting concept. To make it a reality, we need to understand all effects: both within the molecule and at the interfaces between molecule and contacts.
International social work field placement or volunteer tourism? Developing an asset-based justice-learning field experience

Abstract This paper examines a developing model for building an international social work placement that meets the needs of the host agency and community first. The paper addresses the challenges for social work departments to develop a strong learning environment while also keeping primary the needs of the host community and agency . Keywords field placement, international, justice-based, social work, asset building
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of myelin proteins: a caution.

Abstract Some variables involved in the preparation of rat brain myelin proteins for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in buffers containing sodium dodecyl sulfate were studied. Under mild conditions of solubilization the resultant gel patterns were relatively insensitive to the β-mercaptoethanol (ME) concentration in the protein solvent used for solubilization of myelin proteins. However, if the samples were boiled in the presence of ME (a standard procedure for disruption of metastable aggregates of membrane proteins), a major myelin protein, proteolipid protein, as well as some minor proteins were preferentially excluded from the gel. This effect was proportional to the ME concentration.
Armed and dangerous: predicting the presence and function of defensive weaponry in mammals

Mammals possess a wide range of behavioral and morphological adaptations to help detect, assess, deter, and escape from predators, including weaponry that is useful in antipredator defense. While s...
TU‐C‐BRB‐06: A Multipurpose Quality Assurance Phantom for the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP)

Purpose: The suitability and performance of a mouse‐size MOSFET (‘Mousefet’) phantom is investigated for routine quality assurance (QA) of the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP). Methods: The Mousefet phantom was constructed by custom integration of 5 micro MOSFETS, arranged in a quincunx pattern, within a miniature tissue equivalent phantom. The phantom was designed to facilitate SARRP QA tasks which may warrant daily evaluation: output constancy, isocenter congruency test, and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)image geometric accuracy. For output constancy the phantom was irradiated with an open field and all 5 micro‐MOSFET readings taken. For the isocenter congruency test, an appropriate size collimator was used to irradiate one of the MOSFETs,imaged and positioned at CBCT isocenter. The acquired CBCTimage was then used to verify image geometric accuracy and other image quality parameters. Sample data from 10 days in a period of over one month was compared to reference measurements and evaluated for daily variation. Results: Output constancy measurements showed maximum daily variation of less than 3% for all MOSFETS, in consonance with observations from concurrent ion chamber measurements. The design of the Mousefet phantom allows the output check data to be used for prompt verification of beam energy and cone profile constancy. For the isocenter congruency test, it is demonstrated that the Mousefet Phantom can detect 0.3 mm deviations of the CBCT isocenter from the radiation isocenter. Meanwhile, results for CBCTimage geometric accuracy were consistently found to be within 2% of the expected value. Other CBCTimage‐quality parameters could also be assessed in terms of image intensity constancy, noise and image uniformity. Conclusions: Overall, the results establish the Mousefet phantom as a simple and time‐efficient multipurpose tool that could be employed effectively for routine quality assurance of the SARRP.
The interaction of oxygen with Bi(0001): Kinetic, electronic, and structural features

Abstract The interaction of oxygen with clean Bi(0001) was studied for adsorption between 118 and 296 K using LEED, Auger, electron energy loss, and work function measurements. Oxygen adsorption kinetics show an activated process with a dissociative sticking probability ( −4 ) which smoothly decreases over two orders of magnitude up to saturation coverage. Changes in surface electronic properties indicate that an oxide-like bond is formed from the onset of adsorption. There is no evidence for a stable chemisorbed phase. LEED shows simultaneous growth of epitaxial BiO(0001) and a 3 overlayer. At 296 K the adsorption terminates after about three equivalent monolayers of BiO(0001). Periodic trends extended from the transition metal series suggest that local and atomic characteristic rather than long-range electronic properties determine the low reactivity of this surface toward O 2 .
Bridging the distance: Service learning in international perspective

Partnering with Rotary International and residents of Xicotepec, Mexico, the University of Iowa Colleges of Engineering, Pharmacy, and Liberal Arts & Sciences have created a cross-disciplinary, international service-learning course whose impact through the years will respond to student-learning and community-identified needs.
Working Memory Capacity

Recent researchers have attempted to correlate measures of working memory (WM) with measures of higher level cognitive skills and abilities focusing on the functions of this limited capacity system, i.e., processing and storage. Relationships between three span measures of the functional model of WM capacity and two measures of reading comprehension were investigated. The magnitude of the correlations found between reading comprehension and the two spans embedded in reading processing tasks was similar to that of the correlation found between a third span measure embedded in a quantitative task with reading comprehension. These results indicated that these span measures of WM capacity were independent of the nature of the concurrent processing task.
Problem-behavior theory, psychosocial development, and adolescent problem drinking.

Summary Problem-Behavior Theory is a social-psychological framework which helps to explain the nature and development of alcohol abuse, drug misuse and other problem behaviors. The aims of this paper are to present a brief overview of the theory, to review some of the research that has been generated and to appraise the usefulness of the theory when applied to drinking and problem drinking among young people.
Minimum Speed Motions

We consider the problem of determining how fast an object must be capable of moving for it to be able to reach a given position at a given time while avoiding moving obstacles. The problem is to plan velocity profile along a given path so that collisions with moving obstacles crossing the path are avoided and the maximum velocity along the path is mini mized. Suppose the time-varying environment is fully speci fied, both in space and in time, by n linear constraints. An algorithm is presented that, given a full description of the environment and the initial configuration of the system (that is, initial position and starting time of the object), answers in O(log n) time queries of the form : "What is the lowest speed limit that the object can obey while still being able to reach the query configuration from the initial configuration without colliding with the obstacles?" The algorithm can also be used to compute a motion from the initial configuration to the query configuration that obeys the speed limit i...
Fluid behavior in a longitudinally excited, cylindrical task of arbitrary sector-annular cross section

Fluid motion in cylindrical tank with arbitrary sector annular cross section subjected to harmonic longitudinal excitation
Comparison of six decomposition methods: application to aggregate energy intensity for manufacturing in 10 OECD countries

Abstract The work presented here compares six different methods of aggregate energy intensity decomposition applied to the same set of data, for the manufacturing sector in 10 OECD countries from 1970 to 1992. We compare the six methods on the basis of the size of the residual term, the variability of that term, and the ease of implementation of the method; the comparison of these properties is necessary for the eventual development of a forecasting tool. Based on a comparison of the size of the residual term and the variation in the term over time the adaptive weighting Divisia, in either a fixed year or a rolling year specification, is most robust, exhibiting the smallest residual term with the least variation.
Comparison of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I and A-II to predict coronary calcium and the effect of insulin resistance

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and its apolipoproteins each capture unique lipid and cardiometabolic information important to risk quantification. It was hypothesized that metabolic factors, including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, would confound the association of HDL cholesterol with coronary artery calcification (CAC) and that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and/or apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) would add to HDL cholesterol in predicting CAC. Two community-based cross-sectional studies of white subjects were analyzed: the Penn Diabetes Heart Study (PDHS; n = 611 subjects with type 2 diabetes, 71.4% men) and the Study of Inherited Risk of Coronary Atherosclerosis (SIRCA; n = 803 subjects without diabetes, 52.8% men) using multivariable analysis of apoA-I, apoA-II, and HDL cholesterol stratified by diabetes status. HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with CAC after adjusting for age and gender in whites with type 2 diabetes (tobit ratio for a 1-SD increase in HDL cholesterol 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.44 to 0.77, p <0.001) as well as those without diabetes (tobit ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.88, p = 0.001). In contrast, apoA-I was a weaker predictor in subjects with (tobit ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.90, p = 0.010) and without (tobit ratio 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.94, p = 0.010) diabetes, while apoA-II had no association with CAC. Control for metabolic variables, including triglycerides, waist circumference, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, attenuated these relations, particularly in subjects without diabetes. In likelihood ratio test analyses, HDL cholesterol added to apoA-I, apoA-II, and atherogenic apolipoprotein B lipoproteins but improved CAC prediction over metabolic factors only in subjects with diabetes. In conclusion, HDL cholesterol outperformed apoA-I and apoA-II in CAC prediction, but its association with CAC was attenuated by measures of insulin resistance.
Image method solutions for free-particle wave packets in wedge geometries

Using analogues of familiar image methods in electrostatics and optics, we show how to construct closed-form wave packet solutions of the two-dimensional free-particle Schrodinger equation in geometries restricted by two infinite wall barriers separated by an angle ΘN = π/N. As an example, we evaluate probability densities and expectation values for a zero-momentum wave packet solution initially localized in a Θ3 = π/3 = 60° wedge. We review the time development of zero-momentum wave packets placed near a single infinite wall barrier in the appendix.
Management of arrhythmias in heart failure.

Arrhythmias continue to contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in heart failure. Implantable defibrillators have assumed an increasingly important role in preventing sudden death and are recommended for patients who have been resuscitated from cardiac arrest, have unexplained syncope, or exhibit inducible ventricular tachycardia in the setting of prior myocardial infarction. The extension of survival conferred by implantable defibrillators is likely to be limited in patients with advanced heart failure. Ongoing trials will help define the use of these devices in heart failure populations, in whom atrial fibrillation is common and rate control and anticoagulation are of major importance. Among pharmaceutical options, amiodarone and dofetilide are the major agents for maintenance of sinus rhythm. The complexity of coexistent heart failure and arrhythmia management warrants close collaboration between heart failure and arrhythmia specialists.
(+/-)-3-Oxocyclohexanecarboxylic and -acetic acids: contrasting hydrogen-bonding patterns in two homologous keto acids.

The crystal structures for the title compounds reveal fundamentally different hydrogen-bonding patterns. (\pm)-3-Oxo­cyclo­hexanecarboxylic acid, C7H10O3, displays acid-to-ketone catemers having a glide relationship for successive components of the hydrogen-bonding chains which advance simultaneously by two cells in a and one in c [O⋯O = 2.683 (3) A and O—H⋯O = 166°]. A pair of intermolecular close contacts exists involving the acid carbonyl group. The asymmetric unit in (\pm)-3-oxo­cyclo­hexane­acetic acid, C8H12O3, utilizes only one of two available isoenthalpic conformers and its aggregation involves mutual hydrogen bonding by centrosymmetric carboxyl dimerization [O⋯O = 2.648 (3) A and O—H⋯O = 171°]. Intermolecular close contacts exist for both the ketone and the acid carbonyl group.
Probabilistic Analysis of Geometric Uncertainty Effects on Blade Modal Response

This paper investigates the effect of manufacturing variations on the modal response of a transonic low aspect ratio fan. A simulated set of coordinate measurement machine measurements from a single rotor, representative of actual manufacturing variations, are used to investigate geometric effects. Principal component analysis is used to statistically model spatial geometry variations and reduce variable space dimensionality. Statistics from this analysis are used with Monte Carlo sampling to generate random blades realizations that are used to predict response distributions for a simulated fleet of 1000 blades. An existing approach to approximate blade frequency response is extended to include modal displacement and stress. These approximations are based on eigensensitivity analysis and first order Taylor series approximations. An approximation error analysis is conducted to quantify accuracy. The effect of small geometry variations on blade natural frequency, mode shape, and modal stress is investigated with results showing that small variations on the order of mils can cause significant variations in both scale and location of free and forced response.© 2003 ASME
Zinc-promoted alkyl transfer: a new role for zinc.

The roles of zinc in biology are often thought to be limited to activating water, as in hydrolytic enzymes, and conferring structure, as in the zinc finger proteins. Over the past 15 years, it has been shown that there are many zinc-containing proteins that have ‘structural-like’ zinc sites with multiple cysteine ligands but in which the site promotes the alkylation of a zinc-bound thiolate. Recent work continues to extend the range of proteins showing zinc-promoted alkytransfer activity, and has refined the structural details of these sites. Of particular interest are recent crystal structures suggesting that in most cases the endogenous ligand that is displaced when the szbstrate thiol bind is an endogenous amino acid and not water, as had been previously thought. Despite extensive study, it remains unclear whether these enzymes function via an associative mechanism (direct alkylation of a zinc-bound thiolate) or a dissociate mechanism (nucleophilic attack by a free thiolate that has dissociated from the zinc).
Osteochondroma of the glenoid fossa: occurrence in an atypical location.

Osteochondroma is a commonly occurring exophytic tumor of skeletal bones. However, the incidence in the facial bones and skull, was found to be only 0.6% of all of these lesions.1 Reported locations in the maxillofacial region have included the zygoma, maxilla, mandibular condyle, coronoid process, and other areas of the mandible, including intraoral sites. The preponderance of maxillofacial occurrences is associated with the mandibular condyle and coronoid process. This case presentation represents an isolated occurrence of an ostochondroma originating from the temporal bone in the glenoid fossa of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Push-me, pull-me: describing and designing technologies for varying degrees of reflection and invention

This poster suggests a terminological continuum from reflection (push) to invention (pull) for describing children's technologies. Situated as social actors in the zone of proximal development, children's technologies support diverse developmental processes, from the invention sparked by a blank canvas to the metacognitive reflection suggested by maintaining and revisiting a progress portfolio. It is suggested that affect-neutral terminology for situating specific technologies along this continuum will assist designers in their own processes of invention and reflection.
Helping Family Caregivers by Linking Primary Care Physicians with Community-Based Dementia Care Services: The Alzheimer’s Service Coordination Program

The Alzheimer’s Service Coordination Program (ASCP) was developed based on the rationale that family caregivers of people with dementia could benefit in measurable ways from a care partnership arra...
A NEW USE OF COUNTER CONTROL IN CLOUD CHAMBER OPERATION

Abstract A method of cloud-chamber operation is described which in certain types of experiments can overcome the disadvantages usually inherent in the use of this instrument. The technique consists of counter-control of both the cloud chamber and the accelerator beam. By utilizing this method, it is possible to operate at beam levels considerably higher than otherwise permissible.
SPECTACULAR DECEPTIONS: CLOSETS, SECRETS, AND IDENTITY IN WILKIE COLLINS'S POOR MISS FINCH

LARGELY OVERLOOKED in Collins scholarship, the 1872 novel Poor Miss Finch: A Domestic Story describes the complicated relationships between a young blind woman, Lucilla Finch, and twin brothers, Oscar and Nugent Dubourg. Lucilla's blindness results in her aversion to dark colors, and as she and Oscar fall in love, he must deploy a series of elaborate deceptions in a desperate attempt to keep from her his own dark secret - that his skin has been turned blue by medication prescribed for his epileptic condition. Following an extraordinary operation, Lucilla's eyesight begins to return, and Oscar's carefully guarded secret of blueness threatens to destroy their relationship. The plot of Poor Miss Finch explores the ways in which Oscar hides his blueness from Lucilla as well as the duplicitous function of his twin, Nugent, who stands in for Oscar as Lucilla begins to regain her sight. At every turn, Poor Miss Finch mines issues of identity and investigates the ways in which identity becomes withheld and disclosed - closeted and uncloseted - through a series of spectacular deceptions that enable the keeping of secrets. My reading of Poor Miss Finch explores the ways in which the novel may be shown to demonstrate a late twentieth-century understanding of the mechanisms of the closet. As Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick argues throughout Epistemology of the Closet, such operations are usually marked by a playing up of ambiguity, of flux in identity. "Closety" issues frequently get displaced into other arenas of discourse, such as anxieties about good and evil, light and darkness, and health and illness. The interplay between each term in these binary oppositions results in the systematic devaluation and exclusion of the second term, the so-called "other." Poor Miss Finch is saturated with the kinds of binary oppositions Sedgwick finds historically specific to the moment of the binarization of the divisions "hetero-" and "homo-sexual" near the end of the nineteenth century. That Collins's novel anticipates this phenomenon by a quarter of a century suggests that the epistemology Sedgwick describes may be shifted to an earlier historical moment, since it may be shown to "fit" Poor Miss Finch quite con vincingly.1 Any reading of a text in terms of Sedgwick inevitably raises expectations of the revelation of the secret - homosexuality. While I do find homosexuality vaguely present in Poor Miss Finch, I am more interested in the ways in which the "homo-" element of the novel has less to do with sexual preference than with questions about other kinds of
GPU-BLAST

Motivation: The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is one of the most widely used bioinformatics tools. The widespread impact of BLAST is reflected in over 53 000 citations that this software has received in the past two decades, and the use of the word ‘blast’ as a verb referring to biological sequence comparison. Any improvement in the execution speed of BLAST would be of great importance in the practice of bioinformatics, and facilitate coping with ever increasing sizes of biomolecular databases. Results: Using a general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPU), we have developed GPU-BLAST, an accelerated version of the popular NCBI-BLAST. The implementation is based on the source code of NCBI-BLAST, thus maintaining the same input and output interface while producing identical results. In comparison to the sequential NCBI-BLAST, the speedups achieved by GPU-BLAST range mostly between 3 and 4. Availability: The source code of GPU-BLAST is freely available at http://archimedes.cheme.cmu.edu/biosoftware.html. Contact: sahinidis@cmu.edu Supplementary information:Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Longitudinally mapping the influence of sex and androgen signaling on the dynamics of human cortical maturation in adolescence

Humans have systematic sex differences in brain-related behavior, cognition, and pattern of mental illness risk. Many of these differences emerge during adolescence, a developmental period of intense neurostructural and endocrine change. Here, by creating "movies" of sexually dimorphic brain development using longitudinal in vivo structural neuroimaging, we show regionally specific sex differences in development of the cerebral cortex during adolescence. Within cortical subsystems known to underpin domains of cognitive behavioral sex difference, structural change is faster in the sex that tends to perform less well within the domain in question. By stratifying participants through molecular analysis of the androgen receptor gene, we show that possession of an allele conferring more efficient functioning of this sex steroid receptor is associated with "masculinization" of adolescent cortical maturation. Our findings extend models first established in rodents, and suggest that in humans too, sex and sex steroids shape brain development in a spatiotemporally specific manner, within neural systems known to underpin sexually dimorphic behaviors.
An investigation of the intrinsic delay (speed limit) in MTL/I 2 L

This paper identifies and analyzes the main mechanisms that determine the intrinsic delay (speed limit) of today's MTL/I2L devices. Experimental devices have been fabricated with different epitaxial thicknesses to find out to what extent the charge storage can be reduced by shallow epitaxy. Such a shallow-epitaxy device is investigated using computer simulation. Hereby, the injection model is used, into which new charge storage parameters are introduced. According to the analysis, the majority of the stored mobile charge is associated with the bottom junction of the n-p-n transistor part, while the charges in the p-n-p's intrinsic base are minor. However, the lateral p-n-p transistor contributes to the intrinsic delay by its high-level-injection current gain falloff. Furthermore, the significance of high intrinsic base sheet resistance of the n-p-n transistor for high speed is pointed out. Using the insight gained, a device is laid out that assumes only existing technologies, yet in the simulation yields intrinsic delays as low as 2 ns for a fan-out of 4.
The potential role for lixivaptan in heart failure and in hyponatremia

Introduction: Hypervolemia and hyponatremia are common features in heart failure and have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Stimulation of arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in the development of both hypervolemia and hyponatremia. Lixivaptan is a selective vasopressin type 2 (V2) receptor antagonist that has been demonstrated to have the ability to induce aquaresis, the electrolyte sparing excretion of water, resulting in fluid removal as well as correction of hyponatremia. Areas covered: This article describes the prevalence, pathophysiology and current treatment limitations of hyponatremia, highlights the importance of arginine vasopressin and the potential role of arginine vasopressin antagonists and reviews all available literature on lixivaptan, a selective V2 receptor antagonist. Expert opinion: The available experience of lixivaptan in heart failure, although limited, is encouraging. Its aquaretic effect provides the basis for its use to correct hypervolemia a...
Straining of colloids at textural interfaces

[1] Although natural soil and aquifer systems often contain layers and lenses of contrasting soil texture, relatively little research has focused on the mechanisms of colloid deposition at textural interfaces. Saturated column studies were undertaken to characterize the straining behavior of negatively charged latex colloids (1.1 and 3.0 μm) at textural interfaces. Mechanisms of colloid transport and retention were deduced from measured effluent concentration curves, final spatial distributions in the columns, mass balance information, microscopic examination of deposition behavior in micromodel experiments, and numerical modeling. Transport and deposition of colloids were found to be highly dependent upon the textural interface. Deposition of colloids in a given sand was always most pronounced at the sand (inlet) surface. Here colloids enter a new pore network and are more likely to encounter smaller pores or dead-end regions of the pore space that contribute to straining. Less deposition occurred at textural interfaces within the column than at the sand surface. We believe that this is due to the fact that advection, dispersion, and size exclusion tend to confine colloid transport to the larger pore networks, thus limiting accessibility to straining sites. Increasing the textural contrast at an interface produced greater colloid deposition when water flowed from coarser- to finer-textured sands. Conversely, when water flowed from finer- to coarser-textured sands, little deposition occurred. Numerical modeling indicates the need to account for blocking (filling) and accessibility of straining sites in layered systems. A previously developed straining model was modified to account for this behavior.
Rapid, microwave-assisted thermal polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-supported ionogels

Current options for forming ionic liquid-based solid electrolytes (ionogels) often involve slow processes; however, by leveraging the inherent ability of the ionic liquid to harness the energy of microwave irradiation, a gel-forming, thermal polymerization can be achieved in a matter of seconds. The resulting ionogel electrolyte exhibits comparable electrical and mechanical performance to gels produced via conventional fabrication techniques.
The myelodysplastic syndrome(s): a perspective and review highlighting current controversies

The myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) includes a diverse group of clonal and potentially malignant bone marrow disorders characterized by ineffective and inadequate hematopoiesis. The presumed source of MDS is a genetically injured early marrow progenitor cell or pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell. The blood dyscrasias that fall under the broad diagnostic rubric of MDS appear to be quite heterogeneous, which has made it very difficult to construct a coherent, universally applicable MDS classification scheme. A recent re-classification proposal sponsored by the World Health Organization (WHO) has engendered considerable controversy. Although the precise incidence of MDS is uncertain, it has become clear that MDS is at least as common as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). There is considerable overlap between these two conditions, and the former often segues into the latter; indeed, the distinction between AML and MDS can be murky, and some have argued that the current definitions are arbitrary. Despite the discovery of several tantalizing pathophysiological clues, the basic biology of MDS is incompletely understood. Treatment at present is generally frustrating and ineffective, and except for the small subset of patients who exhibit mild marrow dysfunction and low-risk cytogenetic lesions, the overall prognosis remains rather grim. In this narrative review, we highlight recent developments and controversies within the context of current knowledge about this mysterious and fascinating cluster of bone marrow failure states. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Studies of the Cellular Distribution of Superoxide Disrnutases in Adult and Fetal Rat Tissues

Activities of three types of superoxide dismutase in tissue fractions were significantly lower in fetal and adult brain and fetal limb preparations than in fetal and adult heart preparations. An exception was the cyto-plasmic fraction of adult brain that had levels of Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase activity comparable to those in cytoplasmic fractions of heart. In addition, Mn superoxide dismutase activity appeared to be very low in all fetal mitochondrial matrix fractions and cytoplasmic fractions as well as in adult brain. Finally, the results of these studies emphasize the importance of two antioxidant defense systems in the tissues studied, one associated with the mitochondrial electron transport system and the other, the cytosolic Cu, Zn enzyme.
Experimental measurement of the rate of the reaction o(3P) + H2(v = 0) OH(v = 0) + H at T = 298 K

Measurement of the rate of the reaction is reported. The measurements were made in a flow tube apparatus. The result is based on data for the absolute density of OH(v = 0) obtained from laser-induced fluorescence measurements in the (0–0) band of the OH(A2Σ+ X2II) system. The density of oxygen atoms was varied by changing the flow rate of NO which is consumed in the reaction N + NO O + N2. We find that k1 (298 K) = (5.5 ± 3.0) × 106 cm3/mol sec. This result was obtained with consideration and control of the effect of reaction (2): for which vibrationally excited hydrogen is created by energy transfer in the presence of active nitrogen. It was found that the addition of N2 or CO2 effectively suppressed the excitation of H2(v = 1). Measurements of the density of H2(v = 1) were made by VUV absorption in the Lyman band system of H2. All of the reports of low-temperature measurements and some recent theoretical calculations for k1 are discussed. The present result confirms and extends the growingevidence for significant curvature in the low-temperature end of a modified Arrhenius plot of k1 (T).
Landscape effects on diets of two canids in northwestern Texas: a multinomial modeling approach

Analyses of feces, stomach contents, and regurgitated pellets are common techniques for assessing diets of vertebrates and typically contain more than 1 food item per sampling unit. When analyzed, these individual food items have traditionally been treated as independent, which represents pseudoreplication. When food types are recorded as present or absent, these samples can be treated as multinomial vectors of food items, with each vector representing 1 realization of a possible diet. We suggest such data have a similar structure to capture histories for closed-capture, capture–mark–recapture data. To assess the effects of landscapes and presence of a potential competitor, we used closed-capture models implemented in program MARK into analyze diet data generated from feces of swift foxes (Vulpes velox) and coyotes (Canis latrans) in northwestern Texas. The best models of diet contained season and location for both swift foxes and coyotes, but year accounted for less variation, suggesting that landscape type is an important predictor of diets of both species. Models containing the effect of coyote reduction were not competitive (DQAICc 5 53.6685), consistent with the hypothesis that presence of coyotes did not influence diet of swift foxes. Our findings suggest that landscape type may have important influences on diets of both species. We believe that multinomial models represent an effective approach to assess hypotheses when diet studies have a data structure similar to ours. DOI: 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-291R1.1.