cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy Complications, Labor Abnormalities and Zinc Status

Several authors have shown that lowered zinc is related to risk factors during pregnancy and labor complications.1 The best index of zinc status is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that certain complications during the course of pregnancy and delivery would be related to one or more lowered indices of zinc status. Plasma zinc, erythrocyte zinc and serum alkaline phosphatase activity were used as indices of zinc status and were compared to the incidence of complications and major dysfunctional labor patterns.
Numerical Study and Experimental Validation of a Method for Model Updating of Boundary Conditions in Beams

The study of vibrations in beams has been largely addressed by authors and researchers. However, relatively few researchers have considered the case of unknown boundary conditions, as usually it is reasonable to assume the classical cases such as simply supported, clamped or free. Indeed, there are a wide variety of boundary-condition configurations, each one representing a whole different problem with its own modal characteristics. A method for updating experimental beam models to specifically address the issue of unknown boundary conditions is proposed; this methodology takes advantage of vector comparison techniques such as the modal assurance criterion based on the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality to determine the degree of linear relationship between two mode shapes systematically and iteratively until an acceptable parametric match is found. This paper includes the phases of numerical study and experimental validation. A brief introduction with some relevant previous publications is presented, before explaining the methodology derivations and considerations in the numerical study section. A section devoted to demonstrate the methodology with an experimental example is presented in the Experimental validation section, and finally some conclusions and future work.
Activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in autism

A is a term used for a complex group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication, social skills and the presences of repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Although there has been extensive research into the etiology of autism, little is known. Genome wide association studies have only identified about 5-10% of the genetic risk after studying thousands of autism subjects. Natural killer-cells (NK-cells) are a subset of lymphocytes with the inborn ability to produce cytokines and kill target cells without prior sensitization. They recognize the lack of HLA proteins on the surface of virally infected and transformed cells ("missing self "). Among the surface receptors on NK-cells are killer-cell immunoglobulinlike inhibitory or activating proteinreceptors (KIR) that are encoded by genes in the leukocyte receptor complex (Chromosome 19q13/4). The ligands that bind to these receptors are cell-surface HLA class I proteins encoded by genes in the class I region (Chromosome 6). KIR genes and their cognate HLA ligands have been associated with several autoimmune diseases and there is evidence that NK-cells activity is associated with autism. In this presentation, I will present data that suggests a strong association with certain activating KIR genes and their cognate HLA genes in the Caucasian autism population. Anthony R. Torres, J Clin Cell Immunol 2013, 4:5 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-9899.S1.013
Axiomatic Comparative Probability

This chapter discusses axiomatic comparative probability. The concept of comparative probability (CP) has thus far received very little attention from engineers, scientists, probabilists, or philosophers. CP provides a more realistic model of random phenomena data to estimate quantitative probability reasonably. CP presents a wider class of models of random phenomena than does the usual quantitative theory. It illuminates the structure of quantitative probability, and specially the Kolmogorov axioms, by providing a base from which to derive quantitative probability. The logical relation between CP and quantitative probability is such that one is always more confident about estimates of the former than of the latter. The chapter reviews the curious phenomenon that there exist relatively simple examples of what one considers to be valid CP statements that are incompatible with any representation in the usual quantitative theory. One characteristic of these new models of random phenomena is that they do not admit of indefinitely repeated independent performances.
A Behavioral Science of Mental Life: Comments on Foxall's "Intentional Behaviorism"

According to Foxall (2007), simple acts may best be explained in terms of behavior of the organism as a whole, but complex behavioral patterns, usually described by mental terms, can only be explained by neurocognitive psychology, in which the mind is conceived as an internal mechanism. This proposed division of psychological labor is faulty, first because there is no distinct dividing line between simple (non-mental) and complex (mental) behavior, and second because behavioral psychology alone or neurocognitive psychology alone can describe both simple and complex behavioral patterns. The neurocognitive approach to the mind is based on a science of efficient causes. A post-Skinnerian behavioral approach to the mind, "teleological behaviorism," is based on a science of final causes. Teleological behaviorism studies mental life itself while neurocognitivism studies its underlying mechanism. Both are required for a complete understanding of the mind.
Immunoparesis in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis as a marker for response and survival.

8016Background: Immunoparesis is a marker for progression and survival in plasma cell disorders. Its impact in AL amyloidosis has not been explored in depth. Methods: Nine hundred and ninety eight ...
A Multi-User Tabletop Application to Train Children with Autism Social Attention Coordination Skills without Forcing Eye-Gaze Following

Social attention coordination skills are central to the overall joint attention development. Previous research for children with neurotypical developing (NT) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has largely focused on one pathway of coordinating visual attention via gaze following with a social partner. However given the much higher reluctance of individuals with ASD to make eye contact, other pathways of visual attention coordination might be more satisfying. Such a possible pathway might be the hand-eye coordination which was observed to lead to successful social attention coordination between physically active infants and their parents. Motivated by prior works on the benefits of tabletop-based applications for ASD children, in this paper, we unfold a multi-user tabletop pattern-matching game to train ASD children social attention coordination skills via hand-eye coupling, that is, manipulation of screen-objects (puzzles with different patterns) in goal-directed tasks is achieved by alternating eye-gaze between screen-objects in one's own private space and another one in a shared space.
On slip initiation in equiaxed α/β Ti-6Al-4V

Abstract A computational study of 3D virtual instantiations of microtextured Ti-6Al-4V with varying initial slip system strengths is presented. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) scans of a rolled and heat-treated mill annealed plate were used in order to determine the approximate geometric morphology of both the grain structure and the microtextured regions. Data from the EBSD experiments were used to calculate representative orientation distribution functions (ODFs) and grain size distributions for the α (HCP) crystallographic phase. Laguerre tessellations were employed to create idealized geometric representations of the microstructure and microtextured regions, while orientations were sampled from the experimentally derived ODFs. A highly parallelized crystal plasticity finite element framework was used to model the deformation response of single phase polycrystals under uniaxial tension, with attention paid to the intragrain slip system activity. Simulations were conducted with changes in the orientations within microtextured regions, as well as with various sets of initial slip system strengths to reflect differences in reported values in literature. Results were compared to a strength-to-stiffness parameter designed to predict succession of yield as a function of orientation. Presented are slip activity trends as a function of microstructure and initial slip system strengths, as well as results concerning the development of long-range localization of plasticity as a function of the microstructure. Predictions are compared to slip system activity measured by scanning electron microscope based digital image correlation.
From Lead Exposure in Early Childhood to Adolescent Health: A Chicago Birth Cohort

Objectives. To assess the relationships between childhood lead exposure and 3 domains of later adolescent health: mental, physical, and behavioral.Methods. We followed a random sample of birth cohort members from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, recruited in 1995 to 1997, to age 17 years and matched to childhood blood test results from the Department of Public Health. We used ordinary least squares regression, coarsened exact matching, and instrumental variables to assess the relationship between average blood lead levels in childhood and impulsivity, anxiety or depression, and body mass index in adolescence. All models adjusted for relevant individual, household, and neighborhood characteristics.Results. After adjustment, a 1 microgram per deciliter increase in average childhood blood lead level significantly predicts 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01, 0.12) and 0.09 (95% CI = 0.03, 0.16) SD increases and a 0.37 (95% CI = 0.11, 0.64) point increase in adolescent impulsiv...
Stress and Cancer Risk: The Possible Role of Work Stress

Despite widespread public belief that stress may lead to cancer, research on this relationship remains inconclusive. However, recent work points to the possibility that hostile naturalistic settings may contribute to cancer risk. Within organizational research, work stress is thought to be one of the greatest sources of psychological stress in people’s lives and is increasingly becoming a modern-day pandemic. Thus, this paper outlines the nature of stress, including how excessive and chronic stress negatively affects human health and may possibly lead to cancer; argues that a causal link between stress and cancer may exist, despite being frequently overlooked due to ethical and practical research difficulties; and presents an industrial/organizational psychologist’s viewpoint of workplace stress by outlining two prominent models used in the social sciences. Finally, the author suggests that future collaboration between experimental cancer researchers and workplace psychologists may help further address the possible link between work stress and cancer.
Attention to detail: injuries at altitude among U.S. Army Military static line parachutists.

Altitude injuries, defined as injuries sustained by military static line parachutists before ground impact, have not been reviewed for 50 years. There are indications that these injuries are increasing at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. Between May 1, 1994, and April 30, 1996, surveillance was conducted for parachute-related injuries and altitude injuries at Fort Bragg. The incidence of all jump-related injuries was 8.1/1,000 aircraft exits. Significant risk factors for injury included being 30 years of age or older (p < 0.001) and being female (p = 0.003). The overall incidence of altitude injuries was noted to be 0.46/1,000 aircraft exits. Risk factors for altitude injury included being 40 years of age or older (p = 0.005) and in the rank of E-1 to E-3 (p = 0.0001). Fifty-four percent of injuries occurred during exiting before complete parachute deployment, and 46% occurred during the opening shock of the parachute. Mechanisms of injury included static line entanglement (33%), riser/suspension-line entanglement (46%), aircraft strikes (21%), unsecured equipment strikes (1%), and opening shock deceleration (1%). The majority of severe altitude injuries are caused by riser/suspension-line entanglement (63%) and involve the knee joint (37%). Although the incidence of altitude injury is quite small, the potential risk for career-threatening and/or life-threatening injury is great. This risk can be reduced by appropriate training and attention to detail.
Long-Term Outcome of Hip Arthroplasty in the Setting of Synovial Chondromatosis.

Abstract Background Synovial chondromatosis (SC) is a rare disease involving cartilaginous metaplasia of synovial tissue. Treatment via synovectomy and loose body removal alone results in elevated recurrence rates, with up to 1 in 5 patients requiring conversion to a hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to investigate outcomes of hip arthroplasty in the setting of SC, focusing on (1) disease-specific survival, (2) implant survivorship and complications, and (3) clinical outcomes. Methods We identified 26 patients with histologically confirmed SC who underwent hip arthroplasty between 1970 and 2015. Mean follow-up and patient age were 10 years (range 2-35) and 55 years (range 26-82), respectively. At the time of arthroplasty, 21 (81%) patients had “active” disease and underwent synovectomy. No constrained acetabular components were used. Six patients (23%) had a preoperative flexion contracture. Results The 15-year disease-free survival was 89%. Recurrence occurred in 3 patients at a mean of 0.8 years (range 0.03-1.2) postoperatively. Thirteen patients (50%) sustained a complication [most commonly aseptic loosening (n = 3, 12%)] and 7 required revision surgery. The 10-year and 15-year revision-free survival was 82% and 64%, respectively. Mean Harris Hip Score improved significantly from 50 (range 23-85) preoperatively to 82 (range 44-100) postoperatively (P Conclusion Arthroplasty with simultaneous synovectomy provides reliable pain relief and excellent disease-specific survival at long-term follow-up; however, revision and complication rates were high.
On the difficult case of loving life: Plato's Symposium and Nietzsche's eternal recurrence

A simple but significant historical fact has been overlooked in interpretations of Nietzsche's eternal recurrence. In making eternal recurrence the standard for the affirmation and love of life, Ni...
Preliminary Characterization of Lipoxygenase from the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lagenidium giganteum

In many biological systems cell proliferation and differentiation are inhibited by polyunsaturated fatty acids and their oxidative metabolites (Gavino et al., 1981; Morisaki et al., 1984). Using developmentally synchronized cultures of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales), a facultative parasite of mosquito larvae, it has been documented that oxidative lipid metabolism is necessary for the induction and maturation of its sexual stage, the oospore (Kerwin et al., 1986). These initial investigations, which used compounds known to selectively inhibit mammalian lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases and partly purified eicosanoid extracts from L. giganteum cultures, demonstrated that oxygenase activity is associated with discrete developmental events and different oxidative metabolites appear to be produced during specific stages of fungal morphogenesis.
Simultaneous multidimensionality in African music: musical cubism

"Simultaneous multidimensionality" names a condition prevalent in many African traditions of performance art in which music is coherent from different aural and kinesthetic perspectives at the same time. This changeable, plural quality is preset in composed musical works and, in musical performance, affects on-the-spot decisions. Simultaneously multidimensional music can have charismatic force that is capable of generating a transformative affective experience in knowing listeners. The quality of simultaneous multidimensionality warrants consideration as a fundamental dimension in a general theory of structure and aesthetics of African works of performance art.
Experimental Acute Pancreatitis in Dogs and Effects of Steroids: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study with Reference to Pathogenesis

Acute pancreatitis was induced in 39 dogs by injecting 10 ml of autologous bile into the pancreatic duct system. Of these dogs, 19 received hydrocortisone. As control, used were two normal dogs and six that were injected with 10 ml of normal saline solution into the pancreatic duct. Of all, 14 dogs were examined by electron microscope. All dogs that were injected with bile developed acute pancreatitis and histologically the lesion produced was acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Dogs treated with steroids showed an improved survival and a reduction in the severity of the acinar lesion. Ultrastructurally, pancreatic changes in these animals were mainly in the acinar cells and capillaries. Although ultrastructural lesions were similar in animals treated with steroids, steroid therapy appeared to be associated with an improved structural preservation of the acinar cells. These results suggest that the bile infusion method is reliable in producing acute necrotizing pancreatitis and that steroid administration is associated with an improved survival and reduction of the severity of the pancreatic lesion. The pathogenetic mechanism in this model and the mode of action of steroids were suggested by the ultrastructural study.
Concanavalin A: an introduction.

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century and in the beginning of the twentieth century, bacteriologists were searching for agglutinins which could be used as antibacterial agents. Field and Teague (1907), for example, were working with typhoid agglutinins. Kolmer (1923) was working with various other types of antibacterial agglutinins. Sumner and his associates were the first group to isolate an agglutinin in relatively pure form (1936a). They were able to crystalize a lectin from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) and referred to it as concanavalin fraction A. This particular fraction of the jack bean later became known as concanavalin A or simply as Con A. This Con A indeed had the property to agglutinate certain bacteria, such as Mycobacterium and Actinomyces.
FROM COMPLETENESS TO ARCHIMEDEAN COMPLETENES

A partir d'une analogie entre le systeme numerique de H. Hahn et l'approche des nombres reels par Hilbert, l'A. mesure le role des proprietes de completude et de fixation dans l'etude comparative des champs archimediens ordonnes, d'une part, et dans l'analyse des modeles de la geometrie euclidienne (geometrie cartesienne, systeme elementaire de Tarski), d'autre part, a la lumiere des axiomes de la continuite definis par Hilbert et Bernays
The Language of Illness, Contagion and Symptom Reporting

I spent the morning observing a rural clinic attended by a Harijan caste doctor hailing from the next district who had practiced in this district for the past two years as a government medical officer. I was particularly curious to see how he would interact with both Harijan and higher caste Shudra patients. While I was busy taking notes on the doctor’s meticulous display of purity, to the point of folding a white handkerchief on his chair before sitting, an agricultural laborer hobbled into the clinic and complained of having meenu kannu, literally fish eye. The doctor peered into his eyes which were inflamed, and pressed his index finger checking routine signs of anemia. Without an exchange of words, he then proceeded to write a prescription for eye drops. A B12 injection was administered and a packet of black ferrous sulfate tablets was given to the man with instructions as to dose, but no mention of the need to take them following meals. The patient thanked him, placed a few rupees on the table which was whisked away automatically, and proceeded to leave. There was something in the patient’s gait, the way he stumbled out of the office, which led me to strike up a conversation with him outside a chemist shop an hour later. Meenu kannu, it turned out, was a deep abscess (pitted keratolysis) in the sole of the foot caused by stepping on sharp rocks while carrying a heavy headload of wood or other material.
The Elected Official

It may be difficult for some to understand why politicians should be permitted a more significant role in police policy-making and evaluation. A basic reason is that such involvement is the only way that the kind of order-enhancement program “that will do the job” can be mounted and executed in a community. On the debit side- of the occupational groups that have earned the public’s mistrust, politicians are considered by many surely to deserve it the most. For these the term “politician” is little more than a dirty word. In dealing with crime control and police matters a great many politicians certainly have acted shamefully and contrary to the public interest; a great many have behaved as if reelection were their primary or only moral imperative; a great many have proven misinformed; so many have been corrupt. Much of the history of American policing has been the struggle to throw off the confining and corruptive shackles of “bad politics.” Capping this, the power of the politician is relatively so great that—even if the entire breed were saints- Jefferson, Acton, and the rest of us would have good reason to distrust them.
Validity and responsiveness of PROMIS in adult spinal deformity: The need for a self-image domain.

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT Validity and responsiveness of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) have been investigated in several orthopaedic subspecialties. PROMIS has shorter completion time and greater research flexibility for the heterogeneous adult spinal deformity (ASD) population versus the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Scoliosis Research Society 22-item questionnaire (SRS-22r). PURPOSE Evaluate the validity and responsiveness of PROMIS in ASD surgery, during the early postoperative period. DESIGN Prospective, longitudinal study. PATIENT SAMPLE One hundred twenty-three patients with complete SRS-22r and PROMIS data. OUTCOME MEASURES Validity and responsiveness of PROMIS versus the ODI and SRS-22r. METHODS We identified patients who completed SRS-22r, ODI, and PROMIS questionnaires. Spearman's correlation was used to assess validity, paired-samples t tests to assess responsiveness, and Cohen's d to assess measure of effect. The authors report no conflicts of interests. No funding was received in support of this study. RESULTS One hundred twenty-three patients with SRS-22r and PROMIS data from the preoperative visit were included in the validity analysis. Seventy-six patients with preoperative and early postoperative (6-week to 3-month) data were included in the responsiveness analysis. The SRS-22r function, self-image, pain, and mental health scores were moderately to strongly correlated with the following PROMIS domains: physical function (r = 0.53), satisfaction with participation in social roles (r = 0.51), pain (r = −0.60), and anxiety (r = −0.73). All SRS-22r domains, PROMIS domains, and ODI scores changed significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively (p CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that PROMIS is a valid measure with comparable responsiveness to that of the SRS-22r and ODI during the early period after ASD surgery. However, a domain that reflects how ASD patients perceive their self-image should be developed and validated.
Failure After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation with the Chondrofix Implant: A Report of Two Cases.

CASE This report describes 2 cases of failed decellularized "off-the-shelf" Chondrofix (Zimmer Biomet) osteochondral allografts within a year after implantation in a 44-year-old man and a 50-year-old woman. CONCLUSION Although it is a successful technique for cartilage repair, the use of osteochondral allograft transplantation has been limited by the availability of fresh grafts; therefore, decellularized osteochondral allografts recently have been developed. Physicians should be cautious when considering the use of these implants for the repair of articular cartilage lesions.
Effect of metal chlorides on glucose mutarotation and possible implications on humin formation

An in situ Raman spectroscopic kinetic study of the glucose mutarotation reaction is presented herein. The effect of metal chlorides on the ease of the ring opening process is discussed. It is shown that SnCl4 facilitates the mutarotation process towards the β-anomer extremely fast, while CrCl3 appears to promote the formation of the α-anomer of glucose. The infrared spectra of humins prepared in different Lewis acids underscore the possibility of multiple reaction pathways.
The Obama Health Care Legacy: The Origins, Implementation, and Effort to Repeal the Affordable Care Act of 2010

Jill Quadagno and Daniel Lanford review the history and implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA), often called Obamacare. This historical breakthrough in public policy came in the first two years of President Obama’s term. Although the Republican Party opposed the Act and no Republican Congressperson voted for it, the law dramatically changed the United States health care system as well as the national narrative about whether health care is an appropriate entitlement. The chapter explains the origins of the ACA, reviews its implementation, and examines why the Republican attempt to repeal Obamacare met with very strong resistance.
Acute exposure to e-cigarettes causes inflammation and pulmonary endothelial oxidative stress in nonsmoking, healthy young subjects.

The effects of e-cigarette (e-cig) aerosol inhalation by nonsmokers have not been examined to date. The present study was designed to evaluate the acute response to aerosol inhalation of non-nicoti...
Measuring Volumetric Changes of Equine Distal Limbs: A Pilot Study Examining Jumping Exercise.

Equine athletes can incur musculoskeletal injuries due to repetitive loading during training and competition. Prior to signs of lameness, horse trainers and veterinarians may observe swelling in the distal limbs, where injuries most frequently occur. Early observations may guide modulation of training to manage physiological stress and mitigate risk of injury. However, these observations of changing limb volume can be subjective and imprecise. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy and applicability of a tablet-mounted, 3D scanner to measure and record distal limb volumes of horses before and after exercise. Users recorded scans of a cylinder of known volume with errors up to 8%. Experienced users’ measures were biased (i.e., consistently overestimated). The scanner was able to detect statistically significant increases in volume for both fore and hind limbs after one jumping session (310–2058 cm3). Age and intensity of workload may play a role in magnitude of limb swelling, but had mixed conclusions between fore and hind limbs. More studies with additional horses must be performed to solidify these relationships. The evaluated 3D scanner is a low-cost, accessible tool that was able to detect changes in limb swelling as a result of exercise and mechanical stress. With continued research, this information may guide training programs to decrease injury and maximize performance of equine athletes in the future.
Activity of ceftazidime-avibactam alone and in combination with polymyxin B against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tandem in vitro time-kill/in vivo Galleria mellonella survival model analysis.

Ceftazidime-avibactam is used clinically in combination with a polymyxin for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections; however, there are limited data to support this practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and polymyxin B alone and in combination against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a tandem in vitro time-kill/in vivo Galleria mellonella survival model assay. Three KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae clinical isolates were used for all experiments. All isolates harbored mutations in ompk35 and one isolate in ompk36; two isolates were susceptible to both ceftazidime-avibactam and polymyxin B, and one was resistant to both. Ceftazidime-avibactam was bactericidal against 2 of 3 strains at ≥2x minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) whereas polymyxin B was not bactericidal against any strain at any concentration. Combinations at 1/4x or 1/2x MIC were not bactericidal or synergistic against any of the 3 isolates. In survival experiments, ceftazidime-avibactam at 4x MIC significantly improved larval survival over the untreated control strain whereas polymyxin B at 4x MIC did not. Combining polymyxin B with ceftazidime-avibactam at 4x MIC did not improve survival compared to ceftazidime-avibactam alone. This work indicates there is no improvement in in vitro bactericidal activity or in vivo efficacy when polymyxin B is combined with ceftazidime-avibactam against KPC-producing K. pneumoniae. This combination should be avoided in lieu of ceftazidime-avibactam alone or other potentially more efficacious, less toxic combination regimens.
Rate of intra-arrest epinephrine administration and early post-arrest organ failure after in-hospital cardiac arrest.

Abstract Introduction Data supporting epinephrine administration during resuscitation of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) are limited. We hypothesized that more frequent epinephrine administration would predict greater early end-organ dysfunction and worse outcomes after IHCA. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study including patients resuscitated from IHCA at one of 67 hospitals between 2010 and 2019 who were ultimately cared for at a single tertiary care hospital. Our primary exposure of interest was rate of intra-arrest epinephrine bolus administration (mg/min). We considered several outcomes, including severity of early cardiovascular failure (modeled using Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) cardiovascular subscore), early neurological and early global illness severity injury (modeled as Pittsburgh Cardiac Arrest Category (PCAC)). We used generalized linear models to test for independent associations between rate of epinephrine administration and outcomes. Results We included 695 eligible patients. Mean age was 62 ± 15 years, 416 (60%) were male and 172 (26%) had an initial shockable rhythm. Median arrest duration was 16 [IQR 9–25] min, and median rate of epinephrine administration was 0.2 [IQR 0.1–0.3] mg/min. Higher rate of epinephrine predicted worse PCAC, and lower survival in patients with initial shockable rhythms. There was no association between rate of epinephrine and other outcomes. Conclusion Higher rates of epinephrine administration during IHCA are associated with more severe early global illness severity.
Evaluation of Three Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays and Their Performance in Two-Test Algorithms.

Background. Sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays are needed to inform diagnostic, therapeutic, and public health decision-making. We evaluated three commercial serologic assays as stand-alone tests and as components of two-test algorithms. Methods. Two nucleocapsid (Abbott IgG and Roche total antibody) and one spike-protein (DiaSorin IgG) antibody tests were included. We assessed sensitivity using 128 serum samples from symptomatic PCR-confirmed COVID-19-infected patients, and specificity using 1204 samples submitted for routine serologies prior to COVID-19's emergence, plus 64 pandemic-era samples from SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative patients with respiratory symptoms. Assays were evaluated as stand-alone tests and as components of a two-test algorithm in which positive results obtained using one assay were verified using a second assay. Results. The two nucleocapsid antibody tests were more sensitive than the spike-protein antibody test overall (70% and 70% versus 57%; P≤0.003), with pronounced differences observed using samples collected 7-14 days after symptom onset. All three assays were comparably sensitive (≥89%, P≥0.13) using samples collected >14 days after symptom onset. Specificity was higher using the nucleocapsid antibody tests (99.3% and 99.7%) compared with the spike protein antibody test (97.8%, P≤0.002). When any two assays were paired in a two-test algorithm, specificity was 99.9% (P<0.0001 to 0.25 compared with the individual assays), and positive predictive value (PPV) improved substantially with minimal effect on negative predictive value (NPV). Conclusions. Two nucleocapsid antibody tests outperformed a spike protein antibody test. Pairing two different serologic tests in a two-test algorithm improves PPV compared with the individual assays alone, while maintaining NPV.
Genome-wide Screens Identify Lineage- and Tumor-Specific Genes Modulating MHC-I- and MHC-II-Restricted Immunosurveillance of Human Lymphomas

Summary Tumors frequently subvert major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) peptide presentation to evade CD8+ T cell immunosurveillance, though how this is accomplished is not always well defined. To identify the global regulatory networks controlling antigen presentation, we employed genome-wide screening in human diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). This approach revealed dozens of genes that positively and negatively modulate MHC-I cell surface expression. Validated genes clustered in multiple pathways including cytokine signaling, mRNA processing, endosomal trafficking, and protein metabolism. Genes can exhibit lymphoma subtype- or tumor-specific MHC-I regulation, and a majority of primary DLBCL tumors displayed genetic alterations in multiple regulators. We established SUGT1 as a major positive regulator of both MHC-I and MHC-II cell surface expression. Further, pharmacological inhibition of two negative regulators of antigen presentation, EZH2 and thymidylate synthase, enhanced DLBCL MHC-I presentation. These and other genes represent potential targets for manipulating MHC-I immunosurveillance in cancers, infectious diseases, and autoimmunity.
Individual, interpersonal, and health care factors associated with informal and formal advance care planning in a nationally-representative sample of midlife and older adults.

Abstract Objective Assess correlates of advance care planning (ACP) among midlife and older adults in the United States, with attention to informal planning (e.g., conversations) and formal planning (e.g., legal documentation such as a living will). Methods Data were collected from a nationally-representative U.S. sample of adults ages 55–74. Results Informal ACP was positively associated with greater confidence, history of life-threatening illness, designation as health care decision maker for someone else, knowing at least one negative end-of-life (EOL) story in one’s personal network, a desire to ease surrogates’ decision making, and having a health care provider who had broached ACP. Formal ACP was positively associated with greater confidence, designation as a health care decision maker, having a provider who had broached ACP, and primarily receiving medical care from a doctor’s office, and marginally negatively associated with health worry. Conclusions There are relevant correlates of advance care planning at the individual, interpersonal, and health care levels, with implications for increasing uptake of ACP. Practice implications A desire to mitigate proxies’ decision-making burden was a significant motivator for ACP conversations. Awareness of negative EOL experiences may also motivate these conversations. Health care providers have a powerful role in formal and informal ACP uptake.
Modeling genome-wide by environment interactions through omnigenic interactome networks

How genes interact with the environment to shape phenotypic variation and evolution is a fundamental question intriguing to biologists from various fields. Existing linear models built on single genes are inadequate to reveal the complexity of genotype-environment (G-E) interactions. Here, we develop a conceptual model for mechanistically dissecting G-E interplay by integrating previously disconnected theories and methods. Under this integration, evolutionary game theory, developmental modularity theory, and a variable selection method allow us to reconstruct environment-induced, maximally informative, sparse, and casual multilayer genetic networks. We design and conduct two mapping experiments by using a desert-adapted tree species to validate the biological application of the model proposed. The model identifies previously uncharacterized molecular mechanisms that mediate trees' response to saline stress. Our model provides a tool to comprehend the genetic architecture of trait variation and evolution and trace the information flow of each gene toward phenotypes within omnigenic networks.
Effects of Multilevel Supports on Special Education Preschool Teacher Implementation of Function-Based Interventions

Early childhood special education teachers require training and support in implementing function-based intervention for challenging behavior. Yet, teacher professional development practices are not universally effective,and teachers may benefit from differentiated supports. The purpose of this study was to pilot and evaluate a multilevel approach to teacher professional development for function-based intervention. The multilevel approach included behavioral skills training, practice-based coaching, and teacher self-monitoring and was evaluated using a multiple baseline across participants single-case research design. Results demonstrated that while all teachers benefited from the professional development, teachers required different levels of support within the multilevel approach. These findings support a growing body of work suggesting that teachers may require varying levels of support to implement evidence-based practices.
Perinatal Nurturance: The Beginnings of a Human Relationship

The period of time from the twentieth week of pregnancy to the twenty-eighth day of an infant’s life comprises what has been identified as the perinatal epoch. Perinatal medicine reflects a unique merging of subspecialists in obstetrics and pediatrics, as well as a concept of collaborative care for the mother, developing fetus, and newborn. However, this period encompasses much more than the cooperation of medical specialists who care for the pregnant woman and her baby. It includes all of the factors surrounding the baby’s entry and early days in the world.
Effect of Larval Competition on Extrinsic Incubation Period and Vectorial Capacity of Aedes albopictus for Dengue Virus

Despite the growing awareness that larval competition can influence adult mosquito life history traits including susceptibility to pathogens, the net effect of larval competition on human risk of exposure to mosquito-borne pathogens remains poorly understood. We examined how intraspecific larval competition affects dengue-2 virus (DENV-2) extrinsic incubation period and vectorial capacity of its natural vector Aedes albopictus. Adult Ae. albopictus from low and high-larval density conditions were orally challenged with DENV-2 and then assayed for virus infection and dissemination rates following a 6, 9, or 12-day incubation period using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR. We then modeled the effect of larval competition on vectorial capacity using parameter estimates obtained from peer-reviewed field and laboratory studies. Larval competition resulted in significantly longer development times, lower emergence rates, and smaller adults, but did not significantly affect the extrinsic incubation period of DENV-2 in Ae. albopictus. Our vectorial capacity models suggest that the effect of larval competition on adult mosquito longevity likely has a greater influence on vectorial capacity relative to any competition-induced changes in vector competence. Furthermore, we found that large increases in the viral dissemination rate may be necessary to compensate for small competition-induced reductions in daily survivorship. Our results indicate that mosquito populations that experience stress from larval competition are likely to have a reduced vectorial capacity, even when susceptibility to pathogens is enhanced.
On Social Design

Simon’s The Sciences of the Artificial is rightly influential as a founding text in design research in the information systems field (IS). This seminal book is widely cited for Simon’s ideas on design of technical artifacts. Simon’s contributions in the book to what he calls social planning and human design – practices associated with the development of societal scale artifacts that foster a “humane society” – are much less evident in IS design research. I develop, apply and expand on some of Simon’s ideas to social IS design projects such as IT-based civic networks. I define distinctive characteristics of such projects and offer an institutional conception of actors (designers) and actions. I conclude by outlining a framework for first order design – design of institutions and governance processes, procedures and structures to guide the instrumental activity of IS design.
WE-G-BRA-03: Developing a Culture of Patient Safety Utilizing the National Radiation Oncology Incident Learning System (ROILS)

Purpose: To transition from an in-house incident reporting system to a ROILS standards system with the intent to develop a safety focused culture in the Department and enroll in ROILS. Methods: Since the AAPM Safety Summit (2010) several safety and reporting systems have been implemented within the Department. Specific checklists and SBAR reporting systems were introduced. However, the active learning component was lost due to reporting being viewed with distrust and possible retribution.To Facilitate introducing ROILS each leader in the Department received a copy of the ROILS participation guide. Four specific tasks were assigned to each leader: develop a reporting tree, begin the ROILS based system, facilitate adopting ROILS Terminology, and educate the staff on expectations of safety culture. Next, the ROILS questions were broken down into area specific questions (10–15) per departmental area. Excel spreadsheets were developed for each area and setup for error reporting entries. The Role of the Process Improvement Committee (PI) has been modified to review and make recommendations based on the ROILS entries. Results: The ROILS based Reporting has been in place for 4 months. To date 64 reports have been entered. Since the adoption of ROILS the reporting of incidents has increased from 2/month to 18/month on average. Three reports had a dosimetric effect on the patient (<5%) dose variance. The large majority of entries have been Characterized as Processes not followed or not sure how to Characterize, and Human Behavior. Conclusion: The majority of errors are typo’s that create confusion. The introduction of the ROILS standards has provided a platform for making changes to policies that increase patient safety. The goal is to develop a culture that sees reporting at a national level as a safe and effective way to improve our safety, and to dynamically learn from other institutions reporting.
Chapter 34 Coordination Success in Non-cooperative Large Group Market Entry Games

Publisher Summary Subsequent experimental studies of the market entry game and his associates, which systematically manipulated the information structure of the game, compared behavior in the domains of gains and losses, or introduced private information and asymmetry between players, have shown that this “magic” is robust. Under a wide variety of experimental conditions, interacting players in large groups playing the market entry game with no communication among them rapidly achieve coordination success that is accounted for on the aggregate level by a Pareto deficient equilibrium solution. When the entry fee is private information, and only the distribution of entry fees in the population is known, the effects of asymmetry between players can be studied. Whether players are symmetric or not, each player is faced on each period with a binary choice between earning a fixed payoff, regardless of the actions taken by the other players, or an uncertain payoff which is a linear function of the difference cm.
Simian Virus 40 Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis: Analysis by Gel Electrophoresis

An agarose-gel electrophoresis technique has been developed to study simian virus 40 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Superhelical DNA I, relaxed DNA II, and replicative intermediate (RI) molecules were clearly resolved from one another for analytical purposes. Moreover, the RI molecules could be identified as early or late forms on the basis of their electrophoretic migration in relation to that of DNA II. The technique has been utilized to study the kinetics of simian virus 40 DNA synthesis in pulse and in pulse-chase experiments. The average time required to complete the replication of prelabeled RI molecules and to convert them into DNA I was approximately 10 min under the experimental conditions employed.
Strain and rotation rate from GPS in Tibet, Anatolia, and the Altiplano

[1] Deformation measured by regional GPS networks in continental plateaus reflects the geologic and tectonic variability of the plateaus. For two collisional plateaus (Tibet and Anatolia) and one noncollisional (the Altiplano), we analyze the regional strain and rotation rate by inverting GPS velocities to calculate the full two-dimensional velocity gradient tensor. To test the method, we use gridded velocities determined from an elastic block model for the eastern Mediterranean/Middle East region and show that to a first order, the deformation calculated directly from the GPS vectors provides an accurate description of regional deformation patterns. Principal shortening and extension rate axes, vertical axis rotation, and two-dimensional (2-D) volume strain (dilatation) are very consistent with long-term geological features over large areas, indicating that the GPS velocity fields reflect processes responsible for the recent geologic evolution of the plateaus. Differences between geological and GPS descriptions of deformation can be attributed either to GPS networks that are too sparse to capture local interseismic deformation, or to permanent deformation that accrues during strong earthquakes. The Altiplano has higher internal shortening magnitudes than the other two plateaus and negative 2-D dilatation everywhere. Vertical axis rotation changes sign across the topographic symmetry axis and is due to distributed deformation throughout the plateau. In contrast, the collisional plateaus have large regions of quasi-rigid body rotation bounded by strike-slip faults with the opposite rotation sense from the rotating blocks. Tibet and Anatolia are the mirror images of each other; both have regions of positive dilatation on the outboard sides of the rotating blocks. Positive dilatation in the Aegean correlates with a region of crustal thinning, whereas that in eastern Tibet and Yunnan province in China is associated with an area of vertical uplift. Rollback of the Hellenic trench clearly facilitates the rotation of Anatolia; rollback of the Sumatra–Burma trench probably also enables rotation about the eastern syntaxis of Tibet.