cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meperidine for the Treatment of Shaking Chills and Fever

• Meperidine hydrochloride was evaluated in a prospectively randomized double-blind study for its effectiveness in stopping shaking chills occurring with amphotericin B infusions. Seven patients were randomized on multiple occasions for a total of 19 reactions. In the meperidine group, nine of nine reactions stopped within 30 minutes of the administration of meperidine, with a mean cessation time of 10.8 minutes. The placebo group had a mean time of 37.4 minutes to cessation of reactions with three of ten reactions subsiding spontaneously. The mean dose of meperidine hydrochloride for cessation of reaction was 45 mg. The comparisons between meperidine and placebo for cessation of reaction within 30 minutes and the mean time to cessation of reaction were significantly different. Side effects with meperidine were minimal and less severe than the shaking chills and fever seen with amphotericin B infusions. Meperidine can eliminate these reactions more effectively and more rapidly than simply discontinuing the amphotericin B. ( Arch Intern Med 140:483-484, 1980)
Taurine maintains and stimulates motility of hamster sperm during capacitation in vitro.

It is known that hamster sperm require an unidentified low molecular weight “factor” found in several cells and tissue types in order to remain strongly motile during in vitro capacitation. The β-amino acid taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is present in a partially purified “factor” from bovine adrenal glands and can substitute for that “factor” in maintaining and stimulating hamster sperm motility. Incubation of washed hamster sperm with bovine serum albumin and 2 × 10−3 to 2 × 10−5M taurine for periods of approximately 5 hr. resulted in a higher number of strongly motile sperm compared to controls in the absence of exogenous taurine. Incubation of sperm with (-)epinephrine in the absence of taurine resulted in nearly all sperm becoming immotile. Activation (whiplash flagellar movement characteristic of capacitated hamster sperm) did not occur in the absence of taurine, but high percentages of activation occurred in the presence of 2 × 10−3, 2−10−4 and 2 × 10−5M taurine. Acrosome reactions occurred in the presence of taurine, even in the absence of (-)-epinephrine. However, (-)-epinephrine, previously shown to stimulate activation and acrosome reactions, was required for the maximum number of the latter. These results suggest that in addition to its importance for motility taurine might stimulate capacitation. The mechanism through which taurine supports and stimulates motility is not yet known, but its use results in the first relatively “defined” in vitro capacitation medium for hamster sperm.
Real-time routing for mobile sensor/actor networks

With the increasing interest in the application of wireless ad hoc networks, the demand for providing QoS in such applications also grows. Particularly, in sensor and actor networks, providing certain delay bounds is crucial for the actors as they perform their actions based on the received data from sensors. The usefulness of the content from sensors is based on its timeliness. In this paper, we present Ad Hoc On Demand Delay Constrained Distance Vector Routing (AOD2V) which is an extension to the widely used routing protocol AODV for providing delay constrained data delivery in mobile sensor/actor networks. The admission control is based on Delay-EDD scheduling algorithm. The idea is to reserve the resources while routes are being determined in the route discovery phase of AODV. The reservation considers the service time at each node till the destination node. As long as the cumulative delay which is received at the destination is less than the desired delay bound, a positive acknowledgment is sent back to all the nodes on the path with AODVpsilas route reply packet and the connection request is admitted. Otherwise, the connection request is rejected and the reserved resources at the intermediate nodes are released. When the data transmission starts, Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling algorithm is used to determine the departure order of the packets at the intermediate nodes. The performance of AOD2V is validated through extensive simulations and has been shown to outperform AODV in terms of delay and data delivery ratio without introducing any major extra overhead.
Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology, second edition. Edited by Robert G. Frank, Mitchell Rosenthal, and Bruce Caplan; American Psychological Association, Washington, DC; 2010; 504; $99.95; ISBN 13: 978-1-4338-0444-1, ISBN 10: 1-4338-0444-1

The editors of the second edition of The Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology describe the objective of the textbook as providing an update on literature relevant to the continually expanding area...
Absolute thermoelectric power of chromium-silicon alloys

The absolute thermoelectric powerS of chromium and chromium-silicon alloys containing 0.46, 0.90, 1.37, 1.85, 2.74, 3.19 and 3.67, at. % silicon has been determined as a function of temperatureT between 50° and 350 °K. TheS vs. T curves exhibit large anomalies in this temperature range due to the transition from a paramagnetic to an antiferromagnetic state. These transitions in samples containing 1.37, 1.85 and 2.74 are essentially discontinuous and similar to that observed in the chromium-3.3 at. % iron sample at 248 °K, where it undergoes a transformation from a transverse spin-density wave state to a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure. It is suggested that a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure also exists in the chromiumsilicon system for silicon concentrations larger than 1 at. %.
Inspiring undergraduate students in engineering learning, comprehending and practicing by the use of analog discovery kits

‘Flipping the Classroom’ is a well-known effective educational approach which can produce significant learning gains. Students are doing the preliminary cognitive work to gain knowledge and comprehension outside of class, then focusing on the advanced cognitive work on application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation in class. However, practically its application is quite challenging due to the limited accessible resources on both timing and spatial, especially in teaching engineering courses. In dealing these issues, in this paper we present our initiative works on improving the learning process of undergraduate students by applying this approach, by the use of the key laboratory equipment ‘Analog Discovery’. We applied the AD kit in three levels in teaching various electrical engineering courses: lecture, laboratory and senior design. Moreover, a series of engineering workshops are also developed targeting on various topics, with the direct support with AD kits. The results have shown a significant improvement on students' learning. The application of AD kit in engineering education can greatly help students' comprehension on knowledge, facilitate their engineering practice, and inspire their interests and motivation on learning.
The organization of Drosophila genes.

This study was designed to examine the range of size variations in the major functional elements of Drosophila genes and to test whether those size variations occur independently of each other. In a sample of 111 genes the following median values occur: leaders, 123 base pairs (bp); coding regions, 1242 bp; 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR), 246 bp; mRNAs, 1803 bp; 3′ terminal exons 843 bp; and exons upstream of the last one 233 bp. Introns show a bimodal distribution with medians of 62 and 595 bp. Unexpected size correlations are evident for several of these elements. The size of the leader, for example, is correlated with the sizes of the coding region and the 3′UTR with very high levels of significance, and the size of the first intron is similarly correlated with the sizes of each of the individual components of the mature mRNA.
Development and evaluation of an arterial adaptive traffic signal control system using reinforcement learning

This dissertation develops and evaluates a new adaptive traffic signal control system for arterials. This control system is based on reinforcement learning, which is an important research area in distributed artificial intelligence and has been extensively used in many applications including real-time control. In this dissertation, a systematic comparison between the reinforcement learning control methods and existing adaptive traffic control methods is first presented from the theoretical perspective. This comparison shows both the connections between them and the benefits of using reinforcement learning. A Neural-Fuzzy Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning (NFACRL) method is then introduced for traffic signal control. NFACRL integrates fuzzy logic and neural networks into reinforcement learning and can better handle the curse of dimensionality and generalization problems associated with ordinary reinforcement learning methods. This NFACRL method is first applied to isolated intersection control. Two different implementation schemes are considered. The first scheme uses a fixed phase sequence and variable cycle length, while the second one optimizes phase sequence in real time and is not constrained to the concept of cycle. Both schemes are further extended for arterial control, with each intersection being controlled by one NFACRL controller. Different strategies used for coordinating reinforcement learning controllers are reviewed, and a simple but robust method is adopted for coordinating traffic signals along the arterial. The proposed NFACRL control system is tested at both isolated intersection and arterial levels based on VISSIM simulation. The testing is conducted under different traffic volume scenarios using real-world traffic data collected during morning, noon, and afternoon peak periods. The performance of the NFACRL control system is compared with that of the optimized pre-timed and actuated control. Testing results based on VISSIM simulation show that the proposed NFACRL control has very promising performance. It outperforms optimized pre-timed and actuated control in most cases for both isolated intersection and arterial control. At the end of this dissertation, issues on how to further improve the NFACRL method and implement it in real world are discussed.
Austro-German Liberalism and the Modern Liberal Tradition

In a widely-cited essay on turn-of-the century Vienna, Carl Schorske alludes to the"dissolution of the classical liberal view of man in the crucible of Austria's modern politics .... [and] the emergence of psychological man from the wreckage of the old culture."' The theme of liberal decline has provided Schorske with the backdrop for several important articles on late nineteenthcentury Austria, and a number of interesting monographs on
Polyamine/Nucleotide Coacervates Provide Strong Compartmentalization of Mg2+, Nucleotides, and RNA

Phase separation of aqueous solutions containing polyelectrolytes can lead to formation of dense, solute-rich liquid droplets referred to as coacervates, surrounded by a dilute continuous phase of much larger volume. This type of liquid-liquid phase separation is thought to help explain the appearance of polyelectrolyte-rich intracellular droplets in the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm of extant biological cells and may be relevant to protocellular compartmentalization of nucleic acids on the early Earth. Here we describe complex coacervates formed upon mixing the polycation poly(allylamine) (PAH, 15 kDa) with the anionic nucleotides adenosine 5'-mono-, di-, and triphosphate (AMP, ADP, and ATP). Droplet formation was observed over a wide range of pH and MgCl2 concentrations. The nucleotides themselves as well as Mg(2+) and RNA oligonucleotides were all extremely concentrated within the coacervates. Nucleotides present at just 2.5 mM in bulk solution had concentrations greater than 1 M inside the coacervate droplets. A solution with a total Mg(2+) concentration of 10 mM had 1-5 M Mg(2+) in the coacervates, and RNA random sequence (N54) partitioned ∼10,000-fold into the coacervates. Coacervate droplets are thus rich in nucleotides, Mg(2+), and RNA, providing a medium favorable for generating functional RNAs. Compartmentalization of nucleotides at high concentrations could have facilitated their polymerization to form oligonucleotides, which preferentially accumulate in the droplets. Locally high Mg(2+) concentrations could have aided folding and catalysis in an RNA world, making coacervate droplets an appealing platform for exploring protocellular environments.
Experiment and Theory of the Broadband Absorption by a Tapered Hyperbolic Metamaterial Array

A broadband absorber based on a tapered, alternating metal–dielectric multilayered structure was realized in the visible and IR range. The structure is fabricated by using a versatile method easily scalable to large areas by taking advantage of the line width reduction that occurs naturally in masked evaporation processes. The multilayered structure can be treated as a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM), and the tapered structure can be regarded as a HMM waveguide with varying width. Light couples into the tapered structure most strongly at the mode cutoff position in the waveguide due to the hyperbolic dispersion and the phase matching condition. Resonant cavities are formed between the top of the tapered structure and the cutoff level, producing strong absorption peaks. These resonances are closely spaced spectrally due to the high k modes in HMM. Finally a broad absorption band is formed due to the broadening of the resonances from an array of coupled HMM tapered structures.
P-182 Examination of Crohn's Disease Variants in a Fraternal Twin Family Using Exome Sequencing and Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms

Background:A unique opportunity for genetic investigation was presented by a 3-generation family with fraternal twins, one of whom had Crohn's disease (CD) with 2 affected children and the other who was healthy with 3 unaffected children, suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. This study test
OBSERVATION OF LOW NOISE IN A PASSIVE FIBER GYROSCOPE

The concept of a fiber optic gyroscope without active control of noise sources or sensitivity has appeal for applications due to the resulting component simplicity and snail volume requirements. Many applications for such a device require only moderate rotation rate capabilities (1-10 deg/hr). The passive gyroscope with a 3×3 fiber coupler demonstrated by Sheem1 exhibited noise levels in the few deg/sec range. We report improvements to this device which resulted in noise levels of ~ 5 deg/hr and a 10 minute drift of ~ 10 deg/hr.
The Role of Social Support and Coping Skills in Promoting Self-Regulated Learning Among Urban Youth:

Self-regulation is a well-known construct in educational and psychological research, as it is often related to academic success and well-being. Drawing from criticisms of a lack of context applied ...
Glial-Restricted Precursors Protect Neonatal Brain Slices from Hypoxic-Ischemic Cell Death Without Direct Tissue Contact

Glial-Restricted Precursors (GRPs) are tripotential progenitors that have been shown to exhibit beneficial effects in several preclinical models of neurological disorders, including neonatal brain injury. The mechanisms of action of these cells, however, require further study, as do clinically relevant questions such as timing and route of cell administration. Here, we explored the effects of GRPs on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia during acute and subacute stages, using an in vitro transwell co-culture system with organotypic brain slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). OGD-exposed slices that were then co-cultured with GRPs without direct cell contact had decreased tissue injury and cortical cell death, as evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and propidium iodide (PI) staining. This effect was more pronounced when cells were added during the subacute phase of the injury. Furthermore, GRPs reduced the amount of glutamate in the slice supernatant and changed the proliferation pattern of endogenous progenitor cells in brain slices. In summary, we show that GRPs exert a neuroprotective effect on neonatal hypoxia-ischemia without the need for direct cell-cell contact, thus confirming the rising view that beneficial actions of stem cells are more likely attributable to trophic or immunomodulatory support rather than to long-term integration.
Developing Analytical and Communication Skills in a Mock-Trial Course Based on the Famous Woburn, Massachusetts Case

A mock trial in which undergraduates serve as expert witnesses and law students serve as their attorneys is an effective vehicle for developing quantitative skills and enhancing written and oral communication skills. I have developed an interdisciplinary course based on the book A Civil Action. The book deals with the legal struggle of families in Woburn, Massachusetts, who sued two corporations alleging that improperly handled industrial chemicals entered the groundwater system, were captured by two municipal wells, and prolonged ingestion of the contaminated water caused leukemias and other health disorders. Students analyze aerial photographs, well logs, streamflow records, permeability tests, and water-level and water-quality data from the trial to complete assignments that become exhibits in the mock trial. Assignments include construction of geologic cross sections, potentiometric maps, hydrographs, flood recurrence graphs, and calculation of hydraulic gradients, groundwater velocities, and contamin...
Effect of SST Distribution and Radiative Feedbacks on the Simulation of Intraseasonal Variability in an Aquaplanet GCM

An aquaplanet atmospheric general circulation model with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SST) is used to provide insight on tropical intraseasonal variability. Previous work showed that a zonally asymmetric SST distribution that resembles observations but with the meridional SST gradient reduced to one-quarter of its observed value poleward of 10° could produce a robust Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) with 50-day periodicity and amplitude greater than observations in this model. Wind-evaporation feedback was shown to be necessary to destabilize the model MJO. This present work extends these aquaplanet sensitivity experiments to examine the impact of other SST basic states on intraseasonal variability, and also determines whether cloud-radiative and moisture-radiative feedbacks are important for destabilizing the model MJO. A zonally symmetric model with reduced meridional SST gradient produces dominant intraseasonal power at too short of timescale (~30 days) and reduced amplitude relative to the zonally asymmetric simulation, suggesting that basic state zonal asymmetries and surface mean westerlies are important for producing a realistic MJO. The intraseasonal mode in the zonally symmetric model resembles the WISHE mode of linear theory, with wind speed and latent heat flux anomaly maxima occurring in surface easterly anomalies to the east of maximum convection, unlike the zonally asymmetric model in which latent heat fluxes maximize near and to the west of convection like in observations. An experiment with in which longwave radiative heating is prescribed to be near climatology suggests that both radiative and wind-evaporation feedbacks may help to destabilize the model MJO.
BLOOD TRANSFUSION REQUIREMENTS IN SURGERY FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DYSPLASIA OF THE HIP (DDH)

Surgery for DDH is one of the common paediatric orthopaedics procedures in a tertiary care paediatrics hospital. There are no uniformly agreed guidelines about the pre-operative work up related to blood transfusion in DDH surgery. This leads to lack of uniformity in practice, sometimes causes cancellations of operations on the day of surgery (due to no cross matched blood available) and on other occasions wastage of the cross matched blood. The aims of our study were to know the incidence of perioperative blood transfusion in a series of DDH operations and to determine what types of operations/kids have more chances of needing a blood transfusion peri-operatively. We included all children who had surgery for DDH between April 2009 and October 2012 in our institution. We found out which of these children had blood transfusion peri-operatively and reviewed their notes to determine any trends in transfusion requirements 165 children had operations for DDH during the study period. This included operations ranging from hip open reduction to Ganz osteotomy. 6 out of 165 (4%) were transfused blood. Children needing blood transfusion tended to be older and had multiple hip operations previously. Only 3 (2 during Ganz and 1 during bilateral hip reconstruction) of these 6 children needed intra-operative blood transfusion. None of the under 4 years old children needed intra-operative blood transfusion. We conclude that children for unilateral primary hip operations for DDH do not need pre operative blood cross match. A group and save is enough in these cases.
Iron Isotope Systematics

Iron is a ubiquitous element with a rich (i.e., complex) chemical behavior. It possesses three oxidation states, metallic iron (Fe), ferrous iron (Fe2+) and ferric iron (Fe3+). The distribution of these oxidation states is markedly stratified in the Earth.
Autonomy, Agency, and Responsibility: Ethical Concerns for Living Donor Advocates

Autonomy and voluntariness are important concepts for use in the evaluation of living donors for organ transplantation. This chapter explains why these concepts are important and provides an account of what they entail. The chapter employs examples from living donor interviews to illustrate how the concepts may be identified in conversations with living donors. It goes on to explain other important ethical considerations for those with the responsibility of serving as living donor advocates and illustrates them with two cases.
A Pediatrician's Perspective: Value-Based Care, Consumerism, and the Practice of Pediatrics: A Glimpse of the Future.

* Abbreviation: RxCO — : fictitious retail pharmacy chain For patients and families, value is in the eye of the beholder. Consumerism has arisen as a determinate of what patients find valuable about health care. An abundance of choices and the ability to make or change those choices at any time for any reason is the driving factor. Cost continues to be a concern for many families. Additionally, convenience, access, personal outcomes, prevention, relationships, safety, and quality may all influence decisions patients and families make about when, where, what kind, and how much health care they consume. For those who pay for health care, value has a more concrete meaning. Given limited resources, patients, governments, and employers are all asking, “Am I getting what I pay for given the high cost?” All are demanding reductions in waste, improvements in outcomes, and increases in the value of the care they are purchasing. In response, physicians, health systems, and other providers are taking more responsibility for the entire spectrum of care, becoming accountable for both patient and population outcomes and being compensated on the basis of value. How will these forces of value and consumerism shape the practice of pediatrics? No one knows for certain. However, 1 thing seems to be clear; the lens has shifted. What’s important and valuable is no longer determined solely by those providing care. Like the majority of US industries, value is determined by the consumer and purchaser. How will pediatricians and pediatric organizations respond? This fictitious press … Address correspondence to Timothy Johnson, DO, MMM, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108. E-mail: tdjohnson{at}cmh.edu
Components of Erection and Ejaculation as the Potential Target Systems for Environmental Toxicants

Abstract The concept that exposure to environmental toxicants may have a deleterious effect on male sexual function is plausible and would be considered along with other established risk factors. This concept has been overlooked in the past. Our review of related literature, including observational, clinical, and experimental studies, supports a possible risk association of environmental and occupational exposure to toxicants with male sexual dysfunction. Toxicants include bisphenol-A, cigarette smoking, organic solvents, pesticides, and heavy metals, e.g., lead and nickel. Neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption have been suggested as leading mechanisms for the deleterious effects of environmental toxicants on male sexual function. Although recent evidence supports a possible risk association between exposure to environmental toxicants and male sexual dysfunctions, direct causality could not be established. More scientific work is needed to identify specific environmental agents that may harm sexual function and to characterize their exact mechanisms of action.
Role of renal nerves in sodium depletion-induced salt appetite.

The ingestion of water and 0.3 M NaCl solution and the secretion of key hormones were studied in groups of intact and bilaterally renal-denervated rats after extracellular fluid depletion. Hypovolemia with mild hypotension was produced by subcutaneous injections of the diuretic furosemide (10 mg/kg) followed by injections of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (5 mg/kg s.c.). Denervated rats drank significantly less of a concentrated saline solution in response to depletion than intact control rats did, but drank similar amounts of water. Denervated rats finished testing in significantly greater negative water and sodium balance compared with controls. Renal denervation did not impair the secretion of renin and aldosterone or the formation of angiotensin I. The diminished sodium intake of denervated rats is not attributable to reduced water and sodium excretion in response to the hypovolemic protocol. These results indicate that the integrity of the renal nerves is important for the normal elaboration of salt appetite in response to hypovolemia/hypotension.
On the issues of intra-speaker variability and realism in speech, speaker, and language recognition tasks

Abstract Recent years have witnessed notable advancements in the areas of speech, speaker and language/dialect recognition. However, many of the emerging scientific principles appear to be drifting to the sidelines with the assumption that access to larger amounts of data is all that is required to address a growing range of issues relating to new scenarios. This study surveys several challenging domains in formulating effective solutions in realistic speech data, and in particular the notion of using naturalistic data to better reflect the potential effectiveness of new algorithms. Our main focus is on intra-speaker mismatch and speech variability issues due to (i) differences in noisy speech with and without Lombard effect and a communication factor, (ii) realistic field data in noisy and increased cognitive load conditions, (iii) speech variability introduced by whispered speech, and (iv) dialect identification using found data. Finally, we study speaker–environment and speaker–speaker interactions in a newly established, fully naturalistic Prof-Life-Log corpus. The specific outcomes from this study include an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of simulated vs. actual speech data collection for research.
Role of black grandmothers in the racial socialization of their biracial grandchildren

ABSTRACTThe current study was conducted with seven Black grandmothers who have a biracial (Black and White) grandchild or grandchildren examining their role in the racial socialization process of their grandchild or grandchildren. Racial socialization is defined as how these grandchildren of biracial parentage came to understand their blackness. The following criteria had to be met; born before 1975 as this would ensure the grandmothers experienced the 70s. Black pride movement and they need to have contact with the identified grandchild. Qualitative methods with a phenomenological lens were used. The results revealed the perspective and methods they exercised in racially socializing their biracial grandchildren fell into eight themes. The themes that emerged were community influence, spirituality, social adjustment, feelings toward “the other,” social perception, cultural indoctrination, grandma’s burden, and the road ahead. Although each grandmother had a different journey and the “why” behind viewpoint...
PCB 95 promotes dendritic growth in primary rat hippocampal neurons via mTOR-dependent mechanisms

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and in particular non-dioxin-like (NDL) congeners, continue to pose a significant risk to the developing nervous system. PCB 95, a prevalent NDL congener in the human chemosphere, promotes dendritic growth in rodent primary neurons by activating calcium-dependent transcriptional mechanisms that normally function to link activity to dendritic growth. Activity-dependent dendritic growth is also mediated by calcium-dependent translational mechanisms involving mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), suggesting that the dendrite-promoting activity of PCB 95 may also involve mTOR signaling. Here, we test this hypothesis using primary neuron-glia co-cultures derived from the hippocampi of postnatal day 0 Sprague Dawley rats. PCB 95 (1 nM) activated mTOR in hippocampal cultures as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of mTOR at ser2448. Pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR signaling using rapamycin (20 nM), FK506 (5 nM), or 4EGI-1 (1 µM), and siRNA knockdown of mTOR, or the mTOR complex binding proteins, raptor or rictor, blocked PCB 95-induced dendritic growth. These data identify mTOR activation as a novel molecular mechanism contributing to the effects of PCB 95 on dendritic arborization. In light of clinical data linking gain-of-function mutations in mTOR signaling to neurodevelopmental disorders, our findings suggest that mTOR signaling may represent a convergence point for gene by environment interactions that confer risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Exploring the association between alcohol, marijuana, and secondhand effects with rural college students

ABSTRACTThe current study investigated the association between secondhand effects and personal consequences with substance use in a sample of rural college students (N = 412; 55.1% women; 92.2% whi...
Increased Functional Connectivity Between Ventral Attention and Default Mode Networks in Adolescents With Bulimia Nervosa.

Objective Bulimia nervosa (BN) is characterized by excessive attention to self and specifically to body shape and weight, but the ventral attention (VAN) and default mode (DMN) networks that support attentional and self-referential processes are understudied in BN. This study assessed whether altered functional connectivity within and between these networks contributes to such excessive concerns in adolescents with BN early the course of the disorder. Method Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were acquired from 33 adolescents with BN and 37 healthy control adolescents (12–21 years) group matched by age and body mass index. Region-of-interest analyses were performed to examine group differences in functional connectivity within and between the VAN and DMN. In addition associations of VAN-DMN connectivity with BN symptoms, body shape/weight concerns, and sustained attention were explored using the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Results Compared with control adolescents, those with BN showed significantly increased positive connectivity between the right ventral supramarginal gyrus and all DMN regions and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the left lateral parietal cortex. Within-network connectivity did not differ between groups. VAN-DMN connectivity was associated with BN severity and body shape/weight concerns in the BN group. No significant group-by-CPT interactions on VAN-DMN connectivity were detected. Conclusion Increased positive VAN-DMN connectivity in adolescents with BN could reflect abnormal engagement of VAN-mediated attentional processes at rest, perhaps related to their excessive attention to self-referential thoughts about body shape/weight. Future studies should further investigate these circuits as targets for the development of early interventions aimed at decreasing excessive body shape/weight concerns.
Detection of Strain Induced Microstructural Changes in Aluminum (6061-T6) Using Ultrasonic Signal Analysis

A correlation between the change in ultrasonic wave forms and applied strain in aluminum (6061-T6) has been obtained at high strain levels. Sophisticated signal processing techniques have indicated a complex interaction of the frequency components of a high frequency ultrasonic pulse as it passes through an aluminum tensile specimen. Strain induced microstructural changes in the aluminum attenuate the acoustic energy. One of the attenuation mechanisms is the formation of deformation induced cavities at precipitates and inclusions which scatter the ultrasonic energy. Measuring the signal attenuation at the appropriate frequencies determines the degree of deformation induced damage.
The maximum principle and sign changing solutions of the hyperbolic equation with the Higgs potential

Abstract In this article we discuss the maximum principle for the linear equation and the sign changing solutions of the semilinear equation with the Higgs potential. Numerical simulations indicate that the bubbles for the semilinear Klein–Gordon equation in the de Sitter space–time are created and apparently exist for all times.
Affective reflexivity: encounters of affects in the material labor of fieldwork

This article is a reflective endeavor on the affective dimensions of my fieldwork, which explores Asian migrant women’s desires for educational success in the United States and South Korea. My enco...
Correlates of violence in Guinea's Maison Centrale Prison: a statistical approach to documenting human rights abuses.

Les Memes Droits Pour Tous (MDT) is a human rights NGO in Guinea, West Africa that focuses on the rights of prisoners in Maison Centrale, the country's largest prison located in the capital city of Conakry. In 2007, MDT completed a survey of the prison population to assess basic legal and human rights conditions. This article uses statistical tools to explore MDT's survey results in greater depth, shedding light on human rights violations in Guinea. It contributes to human rights literature that argues for greater use of econometric tools in rights reporting, and demonstrates how human rights practitioners and academics can work together to construct an etiology of violence and torture by state actors, as physical violence is perhaps the most extreme violation of the individual's right to health. Language: en
Method to Assess Climate Change Impacts on Hydrologic Boundaries of Individual Wetlands

Potential impacts of climate change on the position of the wetland-hydrology boundary were estimated for four sites in the Eastern U.S. Precipitation and temperature predictions were obtained from the Hadley general circulation model (UKMO-HadCM3) because it most closely approximated observed precipitation for the period 1950–2000. The DRAINMOD hydrologic model was used to compute daily water table levels over two time periods: 1983–2012 (current conditions) and 2041–2070 (future conditions). For each site and time period, the model simulated water table depths for a soil pedon (Typic Paleaquult) that previous work demonstrated was on the wetland-hydrology boundary. Results for the Pitt County site in NC showed that by 2070 the wetland-hydrology boundary would have moved “downhill” to a point that was approximately 17 cm lower in elevation than where the boundary was in 2012 due to a 20% increase in evapotranspiration. Similar analyses were done for hypothetical wetland soils in Miami FL, Easton MD, and Portland ME where the wetland hydrology boundaries were estimated to drop in elevation by 5, 10 and 25 cm, respectively. Our results demonstrated that climate change may have significant impact on wetland boundaries.
Contribution of inflow artery to observed flow in a vascular access: A computational fluid dynamic modeling study of an arteriovenous fistula circuit.

Introduction:The volume of blood flowing through the vascular access is an important parameter necessary to provide adequate dialysis for a functional arteriovenous fistula. Higher blood flows are ...
NLDS-UCSC at SemEval-2016 Task 6: A Semi-Supervised Approach to Detecting Stance in Tweets

Stance classification aims to identify, for a particular issue under discussion, whether the speaker or author of a conversational turn has Pro (Favor) or Con (Against) stance on the issue. Detecting stance in tweets is a new task proposed for SemEval-2016 Task6, involving predicting stance for a dataset of tweets on the topics of abortion, atheism, climate change, feminism and Hillary Clinton. Given the small size of the dataset, our team created our own topic-specific training corpus by developing a set of high precision hashtags for each topic that were used to query the twitter API, with the aim of developing a large training corpus without additional human labeling of tweets for stance. The hashtags selected for each topic were predicted to be stance-bearing on their own. Experimental results demonstrate good performance for our features for opinion-target pairs based on generalizing dependency features using sentiment lexicons.
Virtual controls as an alternative to randomized controlled trials for assessing efficacy of interventions.

Randomized controlled trials are ubiquitously spoken of as the “gold standard” for testing interventions and establishing causal relations. This article presents evidence for two premises. First: there are often major problems with randomized designs; it is by no means true that the only good design is a randomized design. Second: the method of virtual controls in some circumstances can and should replace randomized designs. Randomized trials can present problems with external validity or generalizability; they can be unethical; they typically involve much time, effort, and expense; their assignments to treatment conditions often can be maintained only for limited time periods; examination of their track record reveals problems with reproducibility on the one hand, and lack of overwhelming superiority to observational methods on the other hand. The method of virtual controls involves ongoing efforts to refine statistical models for prediction of outcomes from measurable variables, under conditions of no treatment or current standard of care. Research participants then join a single-arm study of a new intervention. Each participant’s data, together with the formulas previously generated, predict that participant’s outcome without the new intervention. These outcomes are the “virtual controls.” The actual outcomes with intervention are compared with the virtual control outcomes to estimate effect sizes. Part of the research product is the prediction equations themselves, so that in clinical practice, individual treatment decisions may be aided by quantitative answers to the questions, “What is estimated to happen to this particular patient with and without this treatment?” The method of virtual controls is especially indicated when rapid results are of high priority, when withholding intervention is likely harmful, when adequate data exist for prediction of untreated or standard of care outcomes, when we want to let people choose the treatment they prefer, when tailoring treatment decisions to individuals is desirable, and when real-world clinical information can be harnessed for analysis.
Arts-based teaching and learning in teacher education: “Crystallising” student teachers' learning outcomes through a systematic literature review

Abstract This systematic literature review describes and discusses the characteristics of student teachers' learning outcomes in various courses that emphasise arts-based teaching and learning. A systematic search was conducted in 10 databases, and the sample consists of 19 peer-reviewed journal articles from 8 countries. The articles describe empirical studies from which the researchers' interpretations are synthesised inductively. Three patterns are recognised as (1) emotional turns, (2) ability and desire to act and (3) changed attitudes. The patterns are discussed through a “crystallisation” metaphor, and the conclusion proposes that the patterns create epistemological possibilities in teacher education.
Women and Domestic Violence: An Interdisciplinary Approach

You can come to understand the nature, causes, consequences, and treatments for domestic violence!In reading Women and Domestic Violence: An Interdisciplinary Approach, you'll come to see the need for a more transdisciplinary attack on one of the world's greatest and most historically prevalent social crimes: spouse abuse. This collection of legal, psychological, criminological, and law enforcement approaches to this long-standing problem will expand your range of understanding and more directly focus your efforts to stamp out family abuse in your neighborhood.Overall, Women and Domestic Violence will show you how spousal abuse has damaged our society since the times of Homer, rocked our families since the colonists settled in America, and strained our prisons since the days of Julius Caesar. Also, more importantly, you'll explore current data regarding police handlings of domestic abuse calls and see what today's psychological literature is saying about the developments of this behavioral disorder. Specifically, you'll read about: the history of wife abuse the latest trends in civil legal relief an overview of how police deal with domestic violence calls the impact of batterer counseling on the frequency of domestic assault incidentsEveryone, including chiefs of police, family science educators, law professors, judges, and psychologists interested in stemming the rising tide of domestic assault occurrences will want to read Women and Domestic Violence. Its timely and up-to-date contents will help steer your community away from repeating history's shameful mistakes, and you'll find what you can do in your field to restore discipline and contentment to the families in your neighborhood.
The first eigenvalue of a closed manifold with positive Ricci curvature

We give a new estimate on the lower bound for the first positive eigenvalue of the Laplacian on a closed manifold with positive Ricci curvature in terms of the lower bound of the Ricci curvature and the largest interior radius of the nodal domains of eigenfunctions of the eigenvalue.
Interdental papilla length and the perception of aesthetics in asymmetric situations

The purpose of the study was to determine if there was a difference in the perception of aesthetics, by dental specialty, using computer assisted asymmetric alteration of the papilla length in the aesthetic zone with an apical alteration of the contact point of the clinical crowns. Standardized photographs were presented to sixty-five randomly selected dentists from New York University College of Dentistry on a computer screen for evaluation. Then, the dental professionals were asked to rate the smile in each picture. Control and experiment photographs were used. Data was analyzed using the statistical package SPSS version 21 and one-way ANOVA. The perception of esthetics depends on the dental professional specialty; results provide evidence that asymmetric deficiency in papilla length of 2 mm or more is perceived as “unattractive” by the dental specialists.
Integration and repair of ultraviolet-irradiated transforming deoxyribonucleic acid in Haemophilus influenzae

Abstract The extent of association between donor transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and recipient DNA in Haemophilus influenzae as a function of ultraviolet (UV) dose to the transforming DNA has been measured by isopycnic analysis of lysates of 3H-labeled recipient cells exposed to DNA labeled with 32P and heavy isotopes. Except for doses above 15,000 ergs/mm2, the results of these measurements are in good agreement with previous estimates made by another technique. Experiments with a mutant temperature sensitive for DNA synthesis and another mutant defective in excision of pyrimidine dimers suggest that the discrepancy between the methods of high doses results from DNA synthesis, in which portions of the associated donor DNA containing pyrimidine dimers are excised and broken down, and the components are reutilized for synthesis. Repair of UV-irradiated, transforming DNA during incubation of recipient cells is observed as an increase in transforming ability when fractions from CsCl gradients of cell lysates are assayed on excision-deficient cells. When transforming DNA containing markers of different UV sensitivities is used, repair of the UV-resistant nov marker by excision proficient cells takes place exclusively in the donor DNA that is associated with recipient DNA, and this repair is observed even in the absence of DNA synthesis. However, no repair is observed in the case of the more UV-sensitive str marker, possibly because excision events may remove a large fraction of the integrated str markers in addition to repairing a small fraction of the integrated DNA containing this marker.
Humain/animal : rupture, contiguïté et perméabilité dans Espèces de Ying Chen

Alors que ses premiers romans remettent en question la notion d’authenticite et promeuvent essentiellement une hybridite ethnique qui associe les nouveaux modes culturels aux imperatifs societaux d’origine, avec Especes (2010), Ying Chen s’interroge cette fois sur une forme d’hybridite detachee de toute classification ethnique : l’intervalle au sein duquel humanite et animalite se rencontrent occasionnellement. La relation entre animalite et humanite constitue l’epicentre de la fiction Especes dont l’intrigue est envisagee par une narratrice qui se metamorphose provisoirement en femme-chatte. Ying Chen place cet etre hybride a la croisee des philosophies nietzscheenne, bergsonienne et derridienne, et s’engage dans une deconstruction des frontieres manicheennes qui opposent traditionnellement l’humain a l’animal. Cette deconstruction ne suppose pas la destruction totale des frontieres en question, ni ne preconise l’hermetisme de ces memes separations. Chez Ying Chen, la frontiere qui separe l’humain de l’animal est envisagee en tant que paradigme recursif et, de par sa porosite, reconnait a la fois alterite et contiguite. Avec Especes , l’auteure elabore une nouvelle anthropologie qui oscille entre rupture et contiguite, et tente de rendre compte d’une frontiere permeable a travers laquelle s’invitent l’humain et l’animal. Ainsi, Ying Chen entreprend essentiellement de rendre compte de la permeabilite ponctuelle d’une frontiere existante a travers laquelle s’invitent parfois l’humain et le non-humain, et nous propose de reconnaitre l’animalite en nous et de nous en separer a la fois.
AMPA Receptors and Kainate Receptors Encode Different Features of Afferent Activity

Postsynaptic kainate receptors (KARs) have been found in the CNS along with AMPA receptors (AMPARs), but because KAR-mediated EPSCs are much smaller and slower than AMPAR-mediated EPSCs, it remains unclear whether these postsynaptic KARs are functionally significant. In this study we measured KAR- and AMPAR-mediated EPSPs in hippocampal interneurons, and then we used these EPSPs in a model to examine the effects of afferent firing on each receptor. In this model the KARs generated a large tonic depolarization when activated by a small population of afferent fibers firing asynchronously at physiologically relevant firing rates (1–5 Hz). At 3–5 Hz this tonic depolarization exceeded the peak depolarization mediated by AMPARs in response to the same afferent activity. We also found that, unlike AMPARs, KARs did not generate large oscillations in membrane potential during theta rhythms. When simulated EPSCs were injected into interneurons to mimic afferents firing at 5 Hz, we found that currents simulating KARs elicited more spiking than currents simulating AMPARs. We also found that simulated AMPARs, but not KARs, could transmit presynaptic theta rhythms into postsynaptic spiking at the theta rhythm. Our results suggest that synaptically activated KARs have a strong influence on membrane potential and that AMPARs and KARs differ in their ability to encode temporal information.