cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bullying and Depression in Youth with ADHD: A Systematic Review.

Youth with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased independent risk for bullying involvement or depression yet the topic of bullying involvement and depression in ADHD is poorly understood and largely considered without a guiding theoretical framework. The primary aim of this review was to synthesize the bullying: depression in ADHD literature using existing bullying and ADHD: depression frameworks and consider the current state of evidence supporting or contradicting these models. Secondary aims included reviewing the limitations of the existing research and providing recommendations for future research. Electronic databases were used to select articles published on this topic. Quantitative, peer reviewed empirical studies conducted on youth with ADHD who were assessed for bullying involvement and depressive symptoms were included. Thirteen studies met strict inclusion criteria. Uniformly, the existing studies reported positive associations between ADHD symptoms/diagnoses, bullying involvement and depressive symptoms. ADHD served as a diathesis for bullying involvement which in turn acted as a moderator of the relation between ADHD symptoms and depressive symptoms (i.e., depression emerges in youth with ADHD if and when they get involved in bullying). Some support, although less voluminous, also existed for bullying involvement as a mediator, or explaining factor, in the link between ADHD and depressive symptoms. Positive associations were reported consistently between bullying involvement and depressive symptoms in youth with ADHD. Findings also suggest that bullying involvement may serve as both a moderator (where bullying increases risk of depression in youth with ADHD) and as a potential mediator of the relationship between ADHD and depression (where bullying is one mechanism whereby ADHD may lead to depression). However, additional longitudinal research is needed to test the temporal associations implied by mediational models, or intervention research aimed at reducing bullying involvements leads to decreased risk of depression in youth with ADHD.
18F-FDG PET in the evaluation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary

1735 Objectives: To evaluate the role of FDG PET in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary. Methods: A retrospective review of our PET archive was used to select patients with a history of a neck mass. Patients with squamous cell carcinoma on excisional or needle biopsy who were determined after ENT workup to have a probable but unknown head and neck primary were selected. Endoscopy was not performed routinely in these patients prior to PET examination. Often PET was the primary imaging modality utilized. PET exams read as either “suspicious”, “indeterminate” or “positive” on initial PET reading were considered PET positive for this study. PET results were correlated with biopsy and clinical follow-up results Results: Forty-nine patients were identified that met criteria. In a single case a subcentimeter primary lung squamous carcinoma,presumed primary, was identified . In 4 patients with positive PET findings, no further work-up was initiated and patients were treated presumptively. The remaining forty-four patients underwent PET or surgical directed biopsies in the head and neck. Twenty-four of these cases were positive on PET for primaries of the head and neck. Of these, 20/24 were positive at biopsy and 4/24 were negative at biopsy. These four negatives were thereafter negative clinically or radiographically with a mean follow time 16 months. Twenty cases were negative on PET. Subsequent biopsies were negative in 19 cases. Mean follow up was 23 months. The sensitivity of PET in detecting head and neck primary was 95%. Specificity was 83%. Conclusions: In this retrospective study of 49 patients, 18F-FDG PET had a sensitivity of 95% and specificity of 83% in detecting primary tumor of the head and neck in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary.
EDUCATIONAL ARTICLE: When to Use Selected-Area Diffraction and When to Use Convergent-Beam Diffraction

Selected area diffraction and convergent-beam diffraction are the two most generally used diffraction methods in the transmission electron microscope. This tutorial note discusses the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Convergent beam electron diffraction is the most useful method and should be generally used. Selected area diffraction should be used only in certain specific cases which are listed.
Controller synthesis for linear system with reach-avoid specifications

We address the problem of synthesizing provably correct controllers for linear systems with reach-avoid specifications. Our solution decomposes the overall synthesis problem into two smaller, and more tractable problems: one synthesis problem for an open-loop controller which can produce a reference trajectory, and a second for synthesizing a tracking controller, which can enforce the other trajectories to follow the reference trajectory. As a key building-block result, we show that these two controllers can be synthesized independently. Moreover, we are able to reduce the problem of synthesizing open-loop controllers to satisfiability problems over quantifier-free linear real arithmetic, with the number of constraints linear to the number of hyperplanes as the surfaces of the polytopic obstacles and goal sets. The overall synthesis algorithm computes a tracking controller, and then iteratively covers the entire initial set to find open-loop controllers for initial neighborhoods. The algorithm is sound and, for a class of robust systems, is also complete. We implement this synthesis algorithm in a tool and show promising results on several benchmarks with up to 20
D-dimer, clot burden, and outcomes: A retrospective study of ICU patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at a tertiary academic medical center

Rationale: D-dimer is primarily used in the diagnosis of venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease. Recently the Ddimer test has been used as a marker of inflammation in COVID-19 pneumonia and has been shown to correlate with worse outcomes. An understanding of trajectories and relation to clot burden and outcomes of this novel use of serial measurements of D-dimer in COVID-19 ICU patients remains to be explored. Methods: We reviewed patients who were admitted to the Northwestern Hospital COVID ICUs from 3/1/20 to 7/31/20. We obtained demographics, d-dimer lab values, venous duplex studies from upper and lower extremities (UE/LE dopplers), CT-angiogram (CTA) reports, and mortality outcomes from our electronic medical record database. Reports were processed using string analysis with manual physician validation. Analysis was done in R with nonparametric numeric variables being compared by two-tailed Mann Whitney tests. Results: We had 370 patients in our cohort, with median (interquartile range (IQR)) age being 60 (49-69), 229/370 (62%) male, 128 (35%) of Hispanic ethnicity, 117 (32%) of African-American ethnicity, and 135 (36%) of Caucasian descent. 70 patients died (19%). The total number of VTE imaging tests included: 87 CTAs, 102 UE dopplers, and 232 LE dopplers. Clot was discovered in 43/102 (42%) UE dopplers, 62/232 (27%) of LE dopplers, and 25/87 (29%) of CTAs. Patients underwent a median of 2 (1-3) imaging studies, and 10 (4-20) d-dimer measurements. 79 unique patients (21%) had VTE detected. There was no statistically significant difference in age between the clot vs noclot groups: 57(45-68) vs 61(49-59) years, p=0.34, or BMI: 30.5(25.6-34.8) in clot vs 29(25.4-34.5) kg/m2 in no-clot group (p=0.55). Mortality was significantly higher at 36% in the clot group vs 15% in the group without clot (p<0.005). Hospital length of stay in the group with clot was significantly longer at 30.5(20.3-43.5) days vs no-clot 14(7.9-18.5) days (p<0.0001). The clot group had higher initial d-dimer values 2,236(752-3,654) ng/ml than the no-clot group 757(395-1,940) (p<0.0001), and also higher peak d-dimer values 9,476(3,353-16,595) vs 2,113(686-3,689) ng/ml (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Critically ill COVID-19 patients exhibit a high rate of clot formation. Here we describe a cohort of ICU patients with COVID-19 and their demographics, d-dimer trends, clot burden, and outcomes. Future studies will focus on predictors of clot presence and outcomes based on ddimer trends.
Louisiana School Counselors’ Daily Activities and the ASCA National Model: A Complex History and a Hopeful Future

This mixed methods, concurrent nested study was designed to explore the extent to which one state’s school counselors report daily activities that align to the ASCA National Model (ASCA, 2005, 2012, 2019). In spite of federal and state legislation, state policy, and a state model supporting best practices for school counseling, a significant number of school counselors in this study (approximately 25%) report barriers to implementing comprehensive, developmental models. These barriers include inordinate amounts of duty, testing, and coordination of specialized services. However, with nearly three out of four school counselors in the sample reporting knowing and implementing pieces of the ASCA National Model (ASCA, 2005, 2012, 2019), we remain hopeful for the future of school counseling in Louisiana.
Length Biases in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of pre-mRNA

Abstract Single-molecule pre-mRNA and mRNA sequencing data can be modeled and analyzed using the Markov chain formalism to yield genome-wide insights into transcription. However, quantitative inference with such data requires careful assessment and understanding of noise sources. We find that long pre-mRNA transcripts are over-represented in sequencing data, and explore the mechanistic implications. A biological explanation for this phenomenon within our modeling framework requires unrealistic transcriptional parameters, leading us to posit a length-based model of capture bias. We provide solutions for this model, and use them to find concordant and mechanistically plausible parameter trends across data from multiple single-cell RNA-seq experiments in several species.
Environmental probing using waveguide invariant

In continental shelves, barotropic tides, internal tides, and nonlinear internal waves could potentially be monitored using acoustic waveguide invariant theory. When temporal variability of broadband acoustic signals is measured along a fixed track, frequency shifts of constant acoustic-intensity level curves can be used to capture temporal behavior of these oceanographic processes. In addition, acoustic intensity striations generated by a towed source or a ship of opportunity could be used to estimate seabed properties. The feasibility of environmental probing for the oceanographic processes and sediment types is discussed in terms of the available group of acoustic modes, frequency bands, and experimental geometries. Several experimental measurements and broadband numerical modeling results are provided to assess the limits of each probing method under winter and summer conditions. [Work supported by the ONR.]
Kinetic Analysis of Cephalosporin Biosynthesis in Streptomyces clavuligerus and Cephalosporium acremonium

With the recent progress in identifying genes involving the biosynthesis of cephalosporins in many antibiotic-producing microorganisms, there has been increasing interest in the use of recombinant DNA technology to improve yield in these microorganisms. Of particular importance in manipulating biosynthetic genes, to enhance productivity, is the identification of the rate-limiting step(s).
Rethinking the Conditional CAPM: The Impact of Financial Leverage

In a framework in which the equity beta is decomposed into leverage and the beta of assets, this paper shows empirically the impact of financial leverage on the conditional CAPM. A firm's asset beta is estimated using asset returns constructed from market data not only on equity, but also on corporate bonds and loans. The CAPM alphas at firms' asset level are much smaller than the alphas at the equity level in the sample of firms where market data for debt are available. Furthermore, leverage alone can explain a substantial portion of the well-documented alphas of book-to-market-sorted portfolios. There is a tight link between book-to-market and leverage, explaining the empirical finding that firms' asset returns do not increase across book-to-market-sorted portfolios.
Welfare improving tax policies in a two-country model

This paper analyzes the effects of various tax policiesconsumption, labor income and capital income taxeson world welfare by employing a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with incomplete asset markets. In order to capture the nonlinear dynamics of the model, we adopt a second-order accurate solution method and derive impulse responses and welfare effects of various tax policies. In particular, we investigate the possibility of welfare improving business cycle stabilizing tax policies and tax policy harmonization. We also Þnd the optimal degree of Þscal transfers across countries for welfare maximization. We show that business-cycle-stabilizing Þscal policies can increase welfare of the economy by reducing negative effects from suctuations of business cycles. We also demonstrate that international Þscal policy harmonization can improve world welfare by mitigating inefficient resource allocations from limited cross-border capital movements. The results of this paper provide potentially important implications on tax policy reforms in various economic zones such as the European Union, NAFTA, etc.
Simian virus 40 t antigen affects the sensitivity of cellular DNA synthesis to theophylline.

Abstract Cellular DNA synthesis induced by simian virus 40 mutants that lack t antigen is sensitive to concentrations of theophylline that do not affect wild-type-induced synthesis.
GROWTH PATTERN OF PREMATURELY BORN INFANTS

One hundred sixty-three prematurely born infants were observed from birth to 8 months of age. Their growth progress was recorded at regular intervals and evaluated in detail as to the pattern of the weight, length, head circumference and sitting height increment. Variations conditioned by differences in race, sex and birthweight were analysed. A comparison of these premature infants with normal full term infants was made. The data were evaluated statistically and graphically.
Size Distribution of the Closed Circular Deoxyribonucleic Acid Molecules of Bacillus megaterium: Sedimentation Velocity and Electron Microscope Measurements

The circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of Bacillus megaterium was fractionated by sedimentation velocity on preparative zonal gradients. The fractions obtained were characterized by analytical sedimentation velocity analysis on neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients, and by contour length measurement by electron microscopy. Each fraction was found to contain circular molecules of one to three discrete sizes, in various combinations of covalently closed and open circular forms. Estimations of the molecular masses of these sizes gave values of 3.9, 6.2, 16.0, 31, and 60 million daltons for the major molecular species. Minor amounts of molecules of 7.6, 11.7, 47, 89, and 112 million daltons were observed in the electron microscope analyses. Length measurements of almost 600 molecules from the various fractions showed that all except six could be placed in distinct size classes. The distribution of molecular sizes in unfractionated circular DNA was shown to consist primarily of the two smallest size classes, although the relative proportions by weight of five of the classes were roughly equivalent.
Adaptive tracking control by system inversion

This paper presents a discrete time adaptive inversion scheme for linear systems and its usage in adaptive feedforward and feedback controllers. Two parameter adaptation algorithms (PAA) were used in the proposed schemes. The first PAA applies the extended bias-eliminating least-squares (EBELS) algorithm for plant estimation to ensure convergence to a tuned model under colored noise and unmodeled dynamics. The second PAA applies EBELS or least mean squares (LMS), respectively for two adaptive inversion schemes, to estimate a finite impulse response (FIR) plant inverse filter. A feedforward and a repetitive feedback control algorithms are designed respectively by including the adaptive inverse filter.
Six themes of the communicative appropriation of photographic images

In this paper, we explore the use of digital photographs in computer-mediated communication. We present Lascaux, an instant messaging client that serves as a research platform for studying visual communication with digital photographs. Through a combined analysis of the uses of images in Lascaux as well as the uses of images in other communicative contexts, we arrived at six themes of appropriation: the image as amplification, the image as narrative, the image as awareness, the image as local expression, the image as invitation, and the image as object/instrument. For each theme, we explore the ways in which a medium may be designed to support that class of appropriation. Finally, we reflect on the relationship between literacy, mastery, and appropriation.
Efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin in renal transplantation.

Background Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common problem with potentially devastating results in patients undergoing major surgical procedures. Certain renal transplant recipients are particularly at risk for allograft loss as a consequence of renal vein and artery thrombosis. Over the past few years, low molecular weight heparin has been well established as an accepted modality of treatment and prophylaxis of DVT. The efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin in the prophylaxis of DVT following renal transplantation in adults has not previously been reported. Methods. Dalteparin was administered to 120 adult renal transplant recipients postoperatively at the Oregon Health Sciences University. Results. No patient developed allograft arterial or venous thrombosis. One patient developed subclavian vein thrombosis. No bleeding complications were encountered, and side effects were very minimal. Conclusion Prophylaxis with dalteparin is an effective and safe modality for the prevention of thrombosis in adult patients undergoing renal transplantation.
Atrial fibrillation: outpatient presentation and management.

Case Presentation —A 68-year-old white man presents to the cardiology office complaining of mild fatigue. A new and first finding is an irregular pulse. Atrial fibrillation is confirmed on 12-lead ECG. He has no additional symptoms. Four months earlier, he had a drug-eluting stent placed for a discrete proximal left anterior descending artery lesion. Past history includes hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The first step is to establish that the patient is hemodynamically stable and whether he needs inpatient evaluation for an associated condition. The patient has a normal blood pressure (125/80 mm Hg) and a well-controlled irregular heart rate (72 bpm) on atenolol 50 mg daily. There are no interval ECG changes apart from the atrial fibrillation suggestive of an acute process. On examination, he has a short 1/6 systolic murmur at the apex without radiation. He has no evidence of heart failure. Neurological examination is normal. Medications include atenolol 50 mg daily, lisinopril 5 mg daily, metformin, atorvastatin 20 mg daily, aspirin 325 mg daily, and clopidogrel 75 mg daily. Immediate hospitalization is not needed. Management goals are to rule out reversible causes of atrial fibrillation, maintain the heart rate at rest and with exercise in the physiological range, consider conversion to sinus rhythm, and determine which stroke prevention measures are needed. Reversible causes of atrial fibrillation are conveniently separated into cardiac and noncardiac causes. Noncardiac causes (electrolyte imbalance, thyrotoxicosis, fever from any cause [particularly pneumonia], pharmacological and recreational drug use, and alcohol use) were ruled out by history and physical and simple blood tests (thyroid function tests, serum electrolytes, and urine and serum toxicology). The cardiac causes of atrial fibrillation include any mechanism resulting in structural and functional changes to the heart. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed moderate left ventricular hypertrophy but normal left ventricular systolic function, no …
Sequential short-term retention as a function of probability of recall of category items

Sixty college students were asked to perform a sequential retention task in which the probability of recall (PR) of the stimulus words from 0, 2, or 4 categories was either .00, .25, .50, .75, or 1.00. All Ss, equally divided among the three category conditions, were presented 16 sequences of 24 items (4 sequences for each PR) on each of four successive days. Increases in PR and increases in the number of categories in which PR
The Steroid and Xenobiotic Receptor Negatively Regulates B-1 Cell Development in the Fetal Liver

The steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) (also known as pregnane X receptor or PXR) is a broad-specificity nuclear hormone receptor that is well known for its role in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. SXR is activated by a wide variety of endobiotics, dietary compounds, pharmaceuticals, and xenobiotic chemicals. SXR is expressed at its highest levels in the liver and intestine yet is found in lower levels in other tissues, where its roles are less understood. We previously demonstrated that SXR(-/-) mice demonstrate elevated nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and overexpression of NF-κB target genes and that SXR(-/-) mice develop lymphoma derived from B-1 lymphocytes in an age-dependent manner. In this work, we show that fetal livers in SXR(-/-) mice display elevated expression of NF-κB target genes and possess a significantly larger percentage of B-1 progenitor cells in the fetal liver. Furthermore, in utero activation of SXR in wild-type mice reduces the B-1 progenitor populations in the embryonic liver and reduces the size of the B-1 cell compartment in adult animals that were treated in utero. This suggests that activation of SXR during development may permanently alter the immune system of animals exposed in utero, demonstrating a novel role for SXR in the generation of B-1 cell precursors in the fetal liver. These data support our previous findings that SXR functions as a tumor suppressor in B-1 lymphocytes and establish a unique role for SXR as a modulator of developmental hematopoiesis in the liver.
Single machine scheduling to minimise number of expedited jobs

We consider a static, deterministic, n jobs-single machine model in which jobs have release dates that can be expedited, if needed, to keep the machine busy without idle time. The objective is to minimise the number of expedited jobs. We propose a polynomially-bounded solution procedure [O(n log n)] that is antithetic to a well-known procedure for minimising the number of tardy jobs.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of biosynthetically radiolabeled mouse monoclonal antibodies in normal rhesus monkeys

Two mouse monoclonal IgG2b antibodies that differ in their CH2 domains have been compared for their blood mean residence times (MRTs) in normal female Rhesus monkeys. A biosynthetically incorporated radiolabel (S-35 methionine) was used to follow blood elimination of the antibodies and urinary excretion. Results indicate that the blood (plasma) MRTs for the Ar13.4 and the ArM16.1 antibodies were remarkably similar in normal Rhesus monkeys. This observation varies greatly from those obtained with these same antibodies in separate studies in normal Balb/c mice. In Balb/c mice, the ArM16.1 antibody was found to be removed from the blood six times faster than the Ar13.4. The CONSAM program was used to fit a multiexponential function to the plasma data obtained from mice and monkeys. The sum of exponentials was then used to calculate the MRT values. These results demonstrate that mouse monoclonal antibody pharmacokinetics significantly differ between normal primates and mice. Presumably the Rhesus monkey better reflects the clinical behavior and pharmacokinetics of mouse monoclonal antibodies than do rodents. Therefore, the use of normal primates for the preclinical evaluation of monoclonal antibodies for in vivo use is suggested.
The reduction of iron oxides by volatiles in a rotary hearth furnace process: Part I. The role and kinetics of volatile reduction

With iron ore reduction processes using coal-ore pellets or mixtures, it is possible that volatiles can contribute to reduction. By simulating the constituents of the individual reducing species in the volatiles, the rates for H2 and CO were investigated in the temperature and reduction range of interest; hydrogen is the major reductant and was studied in detail. The kinetics of the reduction by H2 has been found to be a complex mechanism with, initially, nucleation and growth controlling the rate. There is a catalytic effect by the existing iron nuclei, followed by a mixed control of chemical kinetics and pore diffusion. This results in a topochemical reduction of these iron oxide particles. Up to 1173 K, reduction by H2 is considerably faster than by carbon in the pellet/mixture or by CO. It was also found that H2S, which is involved with the volatiles, does not affect the rate at the reduction range of interest.
Traumatic venous varix causing sciatic neuropathy: Case report

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Sciatic neuropathy rarely presents in nonpenetrating trauma because of protection or the nerve by the pelvis, the gluteal muscies, and the tissues in the posterior thigh. We present the case of a patient who fell and subsequently developed a traumatic venous varix of the interior gluteal vein that caused compression sciatic neuropathy. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Seven days after a fall onto her right buttock, the patient developed a painful burning paresthesia in her leg and numbness on the dorsum of her foot. Numerous studies ruled out lumbar spine pathological abnormalities as the cause of the pain. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lesion adjacent to the sciatic nerve. Gradient echo and two-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance imaging sequences confirmed this to be a vascular lesion originating from the inferior gluteal vein and compressing the sciatic nerve. INTERVENTION: Operative resection obliterated the venous varix, thereby relieving the patient's pain and neurological delicit. CONCLUSION: No case of a traumatic venous vatix of the inferior gluteal vein compressing the sciatix nerve has been reported to date. Surgical resection was successful to obliterating the lesion and relieving the symptoms.
Disruption of FRNK expression by gene targeting of the intronic promoter within the focal adhesion kinase gene

FRNK, a non-catalytic variant of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), is expressed in major blood vessels throughout mouse development and is postulated to play a role in regulating cell adhesion and signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The FRNK transcriptional start site lies within an intron of the FAK gene, suggesting that the FRNK gene is a "gene within a gene". Here, we identified a 1 kb intronic sequence of the FAK gene that is necessary for endogenous FRNK expression. Deletion of this sequence in gene-targeted mice abolished FRNK expression, showing the direct involvement of the FAK intron in the regulation of FRNK expression. The level of FAK expression was normal in the FRNK-deficient mice, indicating that FAK and FRNK are transcriptionally regulated by distinct promoters. The FRNK-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and displayed no obvious histological abnormalities in any of the major blood vessels. Western blot analysis showed that FRNK-deficient and wild-type (WT) cells had comparable levels of steady-state and adhesion-dependent FAK autophosphorylation. Despite the fact that ectopic expression of FRNK suppresses focal adhesion formation in cultured cells, these results suggest that endogenous FRNK is not essential for development or the formation of the mouse vasculature.
Correlations between reduced neutron and radiative widths in neutron resonances

Abstract A mechanism underlying the correlation between the reduced neutron and radiative widths for the chromium and nickel isotopes has been derived. This theory combines a channel together with a compound nucleus component. The bound-state single-particle reduced widths for 57 Fe, 53 Cr and 61 Ni were obtained by fitting the cross-section and partial radiative width data from the (γ, n) experiments using R -matrix neutron scattering phase shifts. The thermal (n, γ) cross sections for 56 Fe, 52 Cr and 60 Ni as well as the total radiative widths for resonances of several of these isotopes were obtained. The correlations between the neutron and total radiative widths are attributed to transitions to a few strong low-lying bound p-states which have large reduced widths.
Jun Kinase Delays Caspase-9 Activation by Interaction with the Apoptosome

Activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK) can delay oxidant-induced cell death, but the mechanism is unknown. We found that oxidant stress of cardiac myocytes activated both JNK and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and that expression of JNK inhibitory mutants accelerated multiple steps in this pathway, including the cleavage and activation of caspases-3 and -9 and DNA internucleosomal cleavage, without affecting the rate of cytochrome c release; JNK inhibition also increased caspase-3 and -9 cleavage in a cell-free system. On activation by GSNO or H(2)O(2), JNK formed a stable association with oligomeric Apaf-1 in a approximately 1.4-2.0 mDa pre-apoptosome complex. Formation of this complex could be triggered by addition of cytochrome c and ATP to the cell-free cytosol. JNK inhibition abrogated JNK-Apaf-1 association and accelerated the association of procaspase-9 and Apaf-1 in both intact cells and cell-free extracts. We conclude that oxidant-activated JNK associates with Apaf-1 and cytochrome c in a catalytically inactive complex. We propose that this interaction delays formation of the active apoptosome, promoting cell survival during short bursts of oxidative stress.
ERYTHROCYTE LIFE SPAN IN GROWING SWINE AS DETERMINED BY GLYCINE-2-C14

Red blood cell survival studies were performed on five normal growing swine by following the C14-specific activity of hemoglobin and heme after the administration of glycine-2-C14. The erythrocytes of normal growing swine appear to be destroyed both by a random and an age-dependent process. Random destruction accounts for the larger portion of the cells which are destroyed. The "mean" red cell survival time was 62 days. This represents the interval from the time of incorporation of 50 per cent of the maximal amount of labelling achieved to the time when the level had decreased once more to the 50 per cent amount. The " ‘corrected’ average potential life span" of the red cells was 86 ± 11.5 days. This figure was obtained by subtracting the number of days required to attain 80 per cent of the maximal labelling from the average survival time of red cells destroyed by an age-dependent process as distinguished from random destruction.
Periodontitis may contribute to poor control of hypertension in older adults.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Periodontal disease, hypertension, and blood pressure among older adults in Puerto Rico. Rivas-Tumanyan S, Campos M, Zevallos JC, Joshipura KJ. J Periodontol 2013;84:203-11. Reviewer Janet H. Southerland, DDS, MPH, PhD Purpose/Question To determine the association between clinically measured periodontal disease and clinically assess hypertension in a representative sample of elderly Puerto Ricans Source of funding National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) - G12RR03051, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) - K24DE16884 Type of Study/Design Cross-sectional Level of Evidence Level 2: limited-quality patient-oriented evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Not applicable
On the decomposition of measures with applications to continuum physics

In this note we show that some concepts of modern measure theory may be relevant to the formulation of theories in continuum physics. In particular we observe that a large class of measure spaces possesses a decomposition property which is useful in applications. This decomposition property is obtained as a corollary to a theorem of Kelley [10] concerning the "Lebesgue decomposition property," which result is based upon the investigations of Segal [3]. The mathematical notation and definitions (following Kelley [10]), are presented first; then a Lemma and the Decomposition are given. The relationship between these results and physical theories is presented in a series of remarks at the end . As a preliminary we establish some useful definitions and notation. I Let be a set and let sg/a be a ring of subsets of M whose union is ~ . We further assume that d / ~ has the property: if {d~ } is a sequence of sets in d¢ "~ such that if ~¢. _ d E d¢ '~, for all n and some d in d /~ , then U . d . ~ d¢ 'a~. By a measure v in we mean a non-negative, finite valued, countably additive set function defined on ~ ' a with the following additional property: if {~ ' . } is a disjoint sequence in ~.¢/a such that g . v ( d . ) converges, then U . d . a jfa~.2 A subfamily q / i n ~ ' a is called a a-ideal in d¢ 'a~ if and only if it is a ring of sets, the intersection of a member of q /wi th a member o f ~ / a is a member of q/, and any member of~¢¢ '~ which is a countable union of sets in ~ is itself a set in q/. A set ~ _ ~ is (locally) measurable if and only if ~¢ n ~ e J / fa for all ~¢ in J/¢'~. We denote the class of measurable sets in ~ by ~//¢ and observe that J g is a or-algebra of subsets of ~ containing ~ ,a .3 I f~¢ and cg are in J r , we write ~¢Ro~ if and only i f c ~ ~ ¢ contains no set
Estimation of Steady-State Optimal Filter Gain From Nonoptimal Kalman Filter Residuals

This paper proposes a new algorithm to estimate the optimal steady-state Kalman filter gain of a linear, discrete-time, time-invariant stochastic system from nonoptimal Kalman filter residuals. The system matrices are known, but the covariances of the white process and measurement noises are unknown. The algorithm first derives a moving average (MA) model which relates the optimal and nonoptimal residuals. The MA model is then approximated by inverting a long autoregressive (AR) model. From the MA parameters the Kalman filter gain is calculated. The estimated gain in general is suboptimal due to the approximations involved in the method and a finite number of data. However, the numerical example shows that the estimated gain could be near optimal
Efficient calculation of coupled Kohn-Sham dynamic susceptibility functions and dispersion energies with density fitting

Abstract A new algorithm based on density fitting approximation is presented for the coupled Kohn–Sham frequency-dependent dynamic susceptibilities. The method can be used with all functionals, including the hybrid ones. The susceptibilities can then be employed in calculations of dispersion energies. The scaling of the calculations is reduced from the sixth to the fifth power of the system size. This opens new avenues for accurate calculation of dispersion interactions in systems containing a few dozen atoms.
Formation and dissolution of hen egg white lysozyme amyloid fibrils in protic ionic liquids

The formation of amyloid fibrils from non-disease-related proteins demonstrates that any protein can adopt this “rogue” form; we show that it is possible to use protic ionic liquids to fibrilize hen egg white lysozyme, and then subsequently to dissolve the fibrils with up to 72% restoration of enzymatic activity.
Piloting the Time Diary Method Among Honduran Immigrants: Gendered Time Use

By studying time allocation, a factor implicitly linked to health by structuring individuals’ physical exercise, leisure, sleep, and access to care, we can better understand behavioral mechanisms to improve health in minority populations. We piloted the time diary method in a Honduran immigrant community to assess time spent in personal and interpersonal responsibilities, and we examined how these patterns varied by gender. In the context of participatory ethnography, 34 urban Honduran immigrants were recruited and followed over 7 days. Respondents reported activities by 30-min periods for seven 24-h days. Observed respondent-level reliability exceeded 0.7 for time spent in commuting, care work, family responsibility, and individual leisure, showing better results than 3- or 10-day tracking schemes. Gender differences in time allocation patterns were also observed. We argue that understanding time use patterns will elucidate gendered disparities in health outcomes associated with physical mobility, and in access to health care.
Saving the World With Behavioral Comunitarianism: Los Horcones

RV Travelin' Blues Me and my sister, Peggy Jo, Started out for Kokomo. But driving the Brute1 is mighty quirky, And we ended up in Albuquerque. RV Blues The Brute went fast And the Brute went slow Oh, my god, We're in Mexico. Hermosillo, that is.
Fundamentals of energy transport, energy conversion, and thermal properties in organic-inorganic heterojunctions

Abstract Hybrid devices built from organic and inorganic moieties are being actively researched as replacements for inorganic electronics, thermoelectrics, and photovoltaics. However, energy transport and conversion, at the organic–inorganic interface is not well understood. One approach to study this interface is to look at the smallest hybrid building block – the heterojunction of a single organic molecule with inorganic contacts. We present a review of this work, focused on fundamental transport properties of metal–molecule–metal junctions that are related to thermoelectric energy conversion, i.e., electronic conductance, thermopower, and thermal conductance. We describe the motives, strategies, and future directions for considering heterojunctions as building blocks for thermoelectric materials.
Subsidiary exploration and the innovative performance of large multinational corporations

Abstract This study identifies two categories of exploration for competence-creating subsidiaries of contemporary multinational corporations (MNCs) by taking both the subsidiary's and the MNC's existing knowledge into consideration. While subsidiary exploration not new to the MNC (SE1) brings in knowledge that is only new to the focal subsidiary but not new to the rest of the MNC, subsidiary exploration new to the MNC (SE2) experiments knowledge that is new to both the subsidiary and the rest of the MNC. The combination of SE1 and SE2 reconciles the MNC's and the subsidiary's interests by balancing exploration and exploitation at the MNC-level and by balancing exploration and integration at the subsidiary-level. Our empirical test of 53 world's largest firms in Electrical Equipment industry shows that SE1 and SE2 are complementary in improving both the subsidiary's and the MNC's innovative performance. This study contributes to the organizational learning and MNC literature. Managerial implications are also discussed.
Establishing an Environmental Quality Assurance Program

Specific steps leading to the establishment of an Environmental Quality Assurance Program in an analytical laboratory are enumerated and discussed. Aspects of a model Quality Assurance Program that applies fundamental principles and methods to selected laboratory instrumentation and analytical protocols for the attainment of accurate, reliable results are reviewed. Discussion includes specific factors such as method validation, certification, sample handling, security, documentation, and continuing data assessment. Objectives and problem areas characteristic of newly implemented programs, such as building a data base, interim control limits, reference standards, and categorizing and prioritizing prospective control areas, are included in the discussion. 3 references, 6 figures.
Synthesis of cation-exchange stationary phases using an adsorbed polymeric coating

We have prepared several silica-based cation-exchange materials that were suitable for the high-performance liquid chromatography of basic proteins. Two synthetic routes were examined. Central to both procedures was the adsorption of a low molecular weight polyamine. One method crosslinks the adsorbed polyamine with a multifunctional oxirane, which is then extensively derivatized with a monomeric cyclic anhydride. The second involves an adsorbed uncrosslinked polyethyleneimine layer which is reacted with polyacrylic anhydride, thereby crosslinking and imparting an- ionic character simultaneously. The resulting media prepared by either of these methods bound more than 40 mg of hemoglobin per gram of support depending on the reaction conditions. These cation-exchange stationary phases also exhibited good chromatographic performance, successfully resolving (horse heart) cytochrome c and lysozyme. Two of the more promising support materials were effectively used to isolate cytochrome c553 from a crude extract of cyanobacteria.
The demography of menopause

Menopause marks a time of dramatic hormonal and often social change for women. Both risk factors and health needs are likely to change as women pass through menopause. This paper examines the demographic characteristics of the world population of menopausal and post-menopausal women, and also examines the implications of menopause for mortality risks. The numbers of women involved are large. Using age 50 as a proxy for menopause, about 25 million women pass through menopause each year, and we estimate that in 1990 there were 467 million post-menopausal women in the world, with an average age of about 60 years. By 2030, the world population of menopausal and postmenopausal women is projected to increase to 1.2 billion, with 47 million new entrants each year. The mortality implications of menopause are also substantial. Ratios of female to male mortality risks from all causes and from all major cause groups except neoplasms decline to low levels around menopause or shortly thereafter, and then rise again to near unity. This pattern is taken as evidence that the female reproductive period is broadly protective of health, but that this protection disappears after menopause. The main protective effect is through reduced risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, partially offset by increased risks of cancer mortality, particularly of the breast and endometrium.
Developmental Task Analysis and Psychoeducational Programming.

Abstract A controversy exists over the proper use of intelligence testing in the identification and placement of children in need of developmental, remedial, and other forms of special education. Some public demands and professional positions on the use of these tests are presented. The developmental task approach is described and illustrated with a case study. It is argued that developmental task analysis is of primary value in the psychoeducational programming of children with learning and behavioral problems.
Similarity and match rates of the human dentition in three dimensions: relevance to bitemark analysis

Uniqueness of the human dentition is a fundamental premise in bitemark analysis. Despite the importance of this key aspect of bitemark methodology, systematic studies of large populations have been limited. Furthermore, there have been no investigations of the significance of the third dimension with regard to dental uniqueness. One hundred digitally scanned mandibular models were analyzed in both 2D and three dimension (3D) using Landmark software. Additionally, 500 3D maxillary and mandibular sets were investigated for determining dental match rate. Statistical analysis was performed with geometric morphometric methods. Results show that measurements in 3D preserve more information about the dentition, reducing but not eliminating random matches in a sample population of 100 mandibular dentitions. Examination of pairs of maxillary and mandibular dentitions showed a substantial number of random matches (197 maxillary, 51 mandibular, one of both maxillary and mandibular). Conclusions indicate that a zero match rate cannot be claimed for the population studied.
Obesity treatment: examining the premises

Five basic premises underlie the recommendation that obese persons should lose weight: (1) obesity is physically unhealthy; (2) in obese persons, weight loss improves physical health; (3) long-term weight loss is possible; (4) the benefits of weight loss exceed the costs; and (5) weight loss is superior to or can add incrementally to the effects of alternative methods of improving the health and happiness of obese persons. Although the data are occasionally ambiguous, they generally support these premises. Obesity apparently causes increased morbidity and decreased longevity, even after controlling for many plausible confounding factors. Clinical studies consistently show that weight loss reduces morbidity. No adequate data exist on which to evaluate the effects of weight loss on mortality among obese persons. Additional data are needed, but long-term weight loss seems possible, although such losses remain difficult to maintain. A crude estimate is that about 20% of obese persons who attempt to lose weight can achieve and maintain a clinically meaningful weight loss. The short-term health and psychologic costs of gradual weight loss are minor, manageable, and easily surpassed by the short-term health and psychologic benefits. Long-term effects of weight loss on mortality are difficult to judge, and further research is needed. Weight loss can add incrementally to the effects of alternative methods to improve health and happiness among obese persons. Thus, these "alternatives" are better termed "complementary approaches," and their use need not preclude attempts at weight loss. Finally, we provide several guidelines to help practitioners assist obese persons in making reasonable informed decisions about weight loss.
Effect of elevated CO2 on tropical soda apple and its biological control agent Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Rising atmospheric CO2 levels could have drastic effects on the performance of invasive weeds and their insect herbivores. Despite the importance of biological control as an effective management tool for environmental weeds, there have been few studies on the potential impact of climate change on the future efficacy of biological control. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of elevated CO2 on the performance of tropical soda apple Solanum viarum (Solanaceae) and its biological control agent Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). We established three levels of CO2 in environmental growth chambers: ambient (400 ppm), medium (580 ppm) and high (780 ppm). Plants growing at the high level had greater biomass compared to those growing at the ambient and medium levels of CO2. Leaf water content and the amount of leaf nitrogen were reduced at high compared to ambient or medium CO2 levels. G. boliviana immature survival and developmental time were negatively affected at high CO2 ...
Principles of Glacier Mechanics

Glaciers are awesome in size and move at a majestic pace, and they frequently occupy spectacular mountainous terrain. Naturally, many Earth scientists are attracted to glaciers. Some of us are even fortunate enough to make a career of studying glacier flow. Many others work on the large, flat polar ice sheets where there is no scenery. As a leader of one of the foremost research projects now studying the flow of mountain glaciers (Storglaciaren, Norway), Roger Hooke is well qualified to describe the principles of glacier mechanics. Principles of Glacier Mechanics is written for upper-level undergraduate students and graduate students with an interest in glaciers and the landforms that glaciers produce. While most of the examples in the text are drawn from valley glacier studies, much of the material is also relevant to “glacier flatland” on the polar ice sheets.