cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An investigation of resonant waves in a numerical model of an observed sudden stratospheric warming

A global quasi-linear time-dependent model that is able to represent the interaction of a single planetary Rossby wave with the zonal flow is used to investigate several questions concerning the role of resonance in the major stratospheric warming of February 1979. Special attention is given to the examination of the degree of dependence of the warming development on the phase speed of the wave and the initial mean flow. The results indicate that the preconditioning occurred early in the month, just after the minor sudden warming around February 5-7, and that a fairly broad range of eastward traveling phase speeds was capable of generating a warming. The model sensitivity tests indicate that the warming simulation has a weak dependence on the frequency of wave forcing and on the day used for initializing the basic state.
OCTET and BIOTEC: A Model of a Summer Intensive Camp Designed To Cultivate the Future Generation of Young Leaders in STEM

Herein, we describe an effective and tested model of a week-long summer science intensive program for high school students that aimed to elaborate on concepts covered in a high school chemistry or biology course, and to provide high school students an opportunity to learn about studying and pursuing careers in the sciences. The program was developed to combine instructional sessions, hands-on activities, and laboratory tours in order to review and build upon what students learn in high school. Student assessment and feedback confirms the effectiveness of this student-run program to teach and inspire high school students to pursue the sciences in their academic career.
Abstract P4-06-02: Systemic Deletion of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 1 or 2 Is Protective in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis

Growth and survival of metastatic breast cancer cells in the bone is enhanced by the release of growth factors during osteoclast mediated bone resorption. In order to facilitate release of bone degradation products, breast cancer cells continually stimulate osteoblasts, which in turn differentiate osteoclast precursors. Mature osteoclasts are then activated to secrete factors such as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K to degrade bone matrix. Identification of molecular targets involved in these signaling pathways may prove beneficial for treatment of aggressive tumor types. Results from our previous studies demonstrated that tumor cell expression of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (JNKs) mediate lung and bone metastasis. To determine if systemic JNKs play a role in breast cancer progression, jnk1-/- and jnk2-/- Balb/c mice were used to study host related contributions to bone metastasis. The highly metastatic 4T1.2 syngeneic mammary tumor cells were injected intra-cardiac into jnk1-/-, jnk2-/-, and wild-type mice. Both jnk1-/- and jnk2-/- mice survived significantly longer than wild-type controls, (p=0.0034 and p=0.0459, respectively). Wild-type mice succumbed to symptoms of morbidity as early as 10 days post-injection whereas; 60% of the jnk1-/- and 40% of the jnk2-/- mice remained asymptomatic at day 55 and day 70, respectively. Analysis of ribcage metastases post-mortem revealed a significant decrease in bone lesions in jnk1-/- and jnk2-/- mice compared to wild-type mice (P Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-02.
Patient-focused care in parish nursing.

Parish nurses are documenting their outcomes and, with them, instances of cases in which parish nurse interventions have potentially resulted in substantial cost savings to the federal government through averted Medicare expenses. Theoretical cost saving estimates implied in the first 600 visits exceeded $400,000. Half these estimates were related to scenarios where caregivers were sustained to facilitate ongoing home care. The other half were related to disregard of signs and symptoms warranting prompt attention. In either case, advocacy, referral, assistance finding, active listening, and supportive education efforts served to overcome major stumbling blocks to access for those elders and their caregivers who felt physically and emotionally isolated or overwhelmed by their situation. Facilitating access meant earlier, simpler, more cost-effective treatment of conditions that might otherwise have escalated to require complex care. In the 1800 stories of record, half the concerns addressed by parish nurses were related to spiritual-psychosocial concerns (e.g., unresolved feelings, transitions, interpersonal tensions, caregiver stresses, and isolation). The other half were related to physical concerns (e.g., symptom disregard, illness self-care deficits, and struggles pertaining to functional safety or independence). Most significant, the former often contributed to the latter.
Strategies and Critical Paths to Sustainability

Arriving at great strategies for sustainable infrastructure requires both the use and understanding of those methods used by industry to make decisions and the use of advanced comparative economic analyses. Good levelized cost methods are available to compare the cost of alternatives; these methods need to be more widely used and the critical comparison of paths to sustainability need to be considered. In addition, better methods of economic analysis need to be developed and applied. All this is possible and can be of great benefit.
Effect of Sulfur Poisoning in High Pressure Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Methane over Rh−Ce/Al2O3 Catalyst

Short contact time catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane has received increasing attention in industrial applications. Understanding of the catalytic system under high pressure and in the presence of sulfur represents a key challenge of this technology. This paper discusses CPO performance using a Rh−Ce catalyst supported on washcoat alumina foam under industrial relevant operating conditions (pressure up to 160 psig and different sulfur levels up to 16 ppm in methane). A long-term experimental run cycling between sulfur-free and sulfur injection conditions was conducted to examine the influence of sulfur on the catalyst. Sulfur effects were also evaluated under different sulfur levels and with different feed compositions. A dual zone reaction model was used to explain the effects of pressure, sulfur level, and the O/C ratio on CPO catalytic performance. Engineering challenges and requirements of the CPO process for industrial applications were discussed on the basis of recent advances in the under...
Analysis of organ physiology in transgenic mice

The increasing availability of transgenic mouse models of gene deletion and human disease has mandated the development of creative approaches to characterize mouse phenotype. The mouse presents unique challenges to phenotype analysis because of its small size, habits, and inability to verbalize clinical symptoms. This review describes strategies to study mouse organ physiology, focusing on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, and neurobehavioral systems. General concerns about evaluating mouse phenotype studies are discussed. Monitoring and anesthesia methods are reviewed, with emphasis on the feasibility and limitations of noninvasive and invasive procedures to monitor physiological parameters, do cannulations, and perform surgical procedures. Examples of phenotype studies are cited to demonstrate the practical applications and limitations of the measurement methods. The repertoire of phenotype analysis methods reviewed here should be useful to investigators involved in or contemplating the use of mouse models.
THE ENGLISH ADAPTATION OF THE AMDP SYSTEM

The English AMDP Manual, published in 1982, had its roots in work performed under the WHO training program in Montreal during 1974. Juri Saarma, a Visiting Professor in that program, undertook the task of preparing a verbatim translation of all six parts of the second edition of the AMP System with the collaboration of Drs. Lehmann and Ban. The work was undertaken in order to provide a comprehensive assessment system suitable both for diagnostic classification as well as for the assessment of change over time (1).
Staging the progression to type 1 diabetes with prediagnostic markers.

Purpose of reviewThere are an increasing number of markers that are used to predict the occurrence of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and to study the progression of pathologic changes prior to diagnosis. This review discusses some of those markers, particularly markers for which data are available that pert
Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit: tools for de-escalation from the American Thoracic Society Meeting 2016.

There was considerable discussion about the importance of antibiotic stewardship at the American Thoracic Society meeting in San Francisco in May 2016. Extensive literature in critical care suggests that use of early empiric antibiotics for the treatment of suspected sepsis and septic shock is crucial to clinical outcomes with delays in therapy being associated with increased mortality (1,2).
Economic Balance and Countervailing Power

This chapter examines Galbraith’s work in the early 1950s. The books in question are a far cry from the integrated model of late democratic capitalism, the Galbraithian System, which emerges in the trilogy The Affluent Society, The New Industrial State, and Economics and the Public Purpose. But the Galbraithian vision begins to take shape in these early books, in which we can detect the concerns for inflation and the bifurcated economic power structure.
SARS and Vulnerabilities of Post-Westphalian Public Health

Reflecting on the experience of handling the SARS epidemic, WHO’s Mike Ryan observed that’ [a] Rubicon has been crossed. There’s no going back now’ (Piller, 2003). As previous chapters illuminated, the SARS outbreak confirms that public health has moved into post-Westphalian governance territory with respect to infectious diseases. The successful management of the global SARS threat provides ample evidence that the governance possibilities in post-Westphalian public health possess exciting potential. Much future work, including the completion of the revision of the International Health Regulations and the establishment of the public-private partnership to fund improvements in national SARS-related surveillance and response capabilities, will focus on exploiting the possibilities revealed dramatically in the SARS crisis.
Mast cell activation by lipoproteins.

Abstract Mast cells are activated by a number of agents that act independently from immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity. One of these agents is oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). OxLDL has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and has been shown to induce microvascular dysfunction by the activation of mast cells. In this chapter, we describe the method for isolation of human LDL, oxidation of LDL, and demonstrate that oxLDL activates mast cells by measuring messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-8 an inflammatory cytokine. IL-8 is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and monocytes, which would result in a chronic inflammatory response. IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and protein levels by enzyme-linked immunoassay.
A Markov model to evaluate cost-effectiveness of the PARP inhibitor, olaparib, for fourth-line treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer.

5563Background: Evaluate cost-effectiveness of olaparib, an oral PARP inhibitor, which unlike many other drugs administered via IV infusion, is outside the sphere of Medicare coverage. Methods: Wit...
Security for service oriented architectures

Most agree that applications programming is moving to the Internet. This type of application is inherently insecure, as it allows access to the server on the initial HTTP request. A fairly well thought out security strategy was developed for second generation Web applications by creating a security sand-box around the HTTP request (until the user was authenticated), then using standard server security to protect the processing and finally extending the ideas of distributed computing to secure accessing data. Web application programming is currently moving to a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) that includes extensive use of Web services. There is a mad rush in the UNIX world to perfect the Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) and in the Microsoft world to finish the Windows Communications Foundation (WCF). And the beauty of the SOA is that a Web application developed using WCF will be able to access data from a Java Web service. This new SOA will support a distributed application development environment that is truly vendor independent. But, while the new architecture promises to make vendor independent distributed programming a reality, it has introduced a large number of new security concerns. This tutorial will describe SOA, give a brief introduction to computer security and then present SOA security in detail.
Detection of Botulinum Toxin Muscle Effect in Humans Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Qualitative Case Series.

Abstract Background Although important for dosing and dilution, there are few data describing botulinum toxin (BT) movement in human muscle. Objective To better understand BT movement within human muscle. Design Proof-of-concept study with descriptive case series. Setting Outpatient academic practice. Participants Five subjects with stroke who were BT naive with a mean age of 60.4 ± 14 years and time poststroke of 4.6 ± 3.7 years. Methods Three standardized injections were given to the lateral gastrocnemius muscle (LGM): 2 contained 25 units (U) of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) in 0.25 mL of saline solution and the third 0.25 mL of saline solution only. The tibialis anterior muscle (TAM) was not injected in any subject. A leg magnetic resonance image was obtained at baseline, 2 months, and 3 months later with a 3.0 Tesla Siemens scanner. Three muscles, the LGM, lateral soleus muscle (LSM), and TAM, were manually outlined on the T2 mapping sequence at each time point. A histogram of T2 relaxation times (T2-RT) for all voxels at baseline was used to calculate a mean and standard deviation (SD) T2-RT for each muscle. Botulinum toxin muscle effect (BTME) at 2 months and 3 months was defined as a subject- and muscle-specific T2-RT voxel threshold ≥3 SD above the baseline mean at or near BT injection sites. Main Outcome Measures BTME volume for each leg magnetic resonance imaging slice at 3 time points and 3 muscles for all subjects. Results One subject missed the 3-month scan, leaving 18 potential observations of BTME. Little to no BTME effect was seen in the noninjected TAM. A BTME was detected in the LGM in 13 of 18 possible observations, and no effect was detected in 5 observations. Possible BTME effect was seen in the LSM in 3 subjects due to either diffusion through fascia or needle misplacement. Volume of BTME, as defined here, appeared to be substantially greater than the 0.25-mL injection volume. Conclusions This descriptive case series is among the first attempts to quantify BTME within human muscle. Our findings are preliminary and are limited by a few inconsistencies. However, we conclude that use of magnetic resonance imaging to detect the volume of BTME is feasible and may assist researchers in modeling the spread and diffusion of BT within human muscle. Level of Evidence IV
Reduction of Glovebox Stripper System Water Loading

AbstractIn facilities containing tritium, all process equipment is contained in inerted gloveboxes operating at slightly negative pressure relative to the process rooms. The gloveboxes have recirculation systems which include a stripper system. The glovebox stripper systems capture tritium from the glovebox atmosphere to minimize facility emissions with the possibility of recovering the tritium.Hydrogen isotopes released into the gloveboxes are converted to oxide form and removed from the glovebox atmosphere by the glovebox stripper systems – the intended function of these systems. Protiated water (and oxygen) enters the glovebox system in various ways. All water in the gloveboxes is ultimately removed by the stripper system molecular sieve beds which are then processed or disposed of as waste. The water and oxygen enter the glovebox in locations both internal and external to the gloveboxes. The majority of oxygen and water originates external to the gloveboxes in current facility operations.This study ev...
High-Dollar Donors and Donor-Rich Neighborhoods: Representational Distortion in Financing a Municipal Election in Seattle:

Candidates for municipal office collect millions of dollars to fund their campaigns. While previous research about local fundraising coalitions investigates the role of specific interest groups—for...
“As real as it gets”: A Grounded Theory Study of a Reading Intervention in a Juvenile Correctional School

The well-documented statistics regarding the academic struggles of incarcerated youth are disconcerting, and efforts to improve reading performance among this population are greatly needed. There is a dearth of research that provides rich and detailed accounts of reading intervention implementation in the juvenile corrections setting. The present study attempted to address this gap in the research base by developing a grounded theory of literacy intervention implementation in one juvenile correctional school. Qualitative methods were used for data collection (i.e., individual and focus group interviews) and analysis (i.e., grounded theory). Study participants included representatives from all facets of the facility, including education (both students and adults), security, and administration, to allow for a comprehensive examination of the context. The context affected the faculty, staff, and students in different ways and influenced the commitment to and implementation of the intervention. Additionally, teachers’ experience and background seemed to influence their perception of the program. Individual student characteristics affected their motivation for participation. There were many contextual factors, some that contributed to the success of the intervention, and others that impeded its success. It is important that interventions being considered for implementation in challenging or atypical settings account for the contextual variables that can affect outcomes. In the current study, influential factors identified were related to the physical environment, leadership, teachers, security personnel, and the students’ backgrounds.
PERICARDIAL EMPYEMA: A RARE COMPLICATION OF PNEUMONIA IN SETTING OF RECENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Pericardial effusion and pericardial empyema is rarely associated with parapneumonic effusion. We present a case of myocardial infarction (MI) related left ventricular (LV) pseudo-aneurysm that ruptured and caused a fistulous tract between pericardial and pleural space and subsequent spread of
Effect of Tumor Size and Minimal Extrathyroidal Extension in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.

Introduction: Risk-stratified treatment strategies have become a focus in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). In the 2015 American Thyroid Association treatment guidelines, adjuva...
Afferent Regulation of Developmental Fate in the Songbird Telencephalon

Songbirds are among few vertebrates other than humans that learn the sounds used by their species to communicate during a sensitive period of postnatal development. Unlike humans, however, where both sexes learn and use vocal communication, in many species of songbird only males learn to produce song. Zebra finches provide a particularly striking example of a sex difference in songbird vocal behavior. Males learn a vocal pattern during juvenile and early adult development, while females do not.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of transformed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in hepatitis C virus-infected patients: A case-control study of 84 patients.

7553Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with development of marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Preliminary data showed particula...
Innovational Tools of Provision of Food Security Through State Support for the AIC in the Conditions of the Digital Economy

The purpose of the article is to develop innovational tools of provision of food security through state support for the AIC in the conditions of the digital economy in modern Russia. The authors use the systemic approach, within which the AIC is viewed as a comprehensive system of interconnected indicators, and the method of trend analysis for studying dynamics of change of the indicators of the state and development of the Russia’s AIC, analysis of causal connections for determining mutual dependence and succession of problem of development of modern Russia’s AIC, and the method of formalization for visualization of statistical and analytical data. The information and empirical basis of the research includes the data of the Economist Intelligence Unit, the World Bank, and the Federal State Statistics Service on dynamics of indicators of development of the Russia’s AIC for 2010–2017. As a result, the authors determine aggravation of the problem of provision of food security in modern Russia in 2018 and substantiate the impossibility of its successful solution with application of traditional (financial) tools of state support for the AIC, showing regularity of aggravation of this problem with the help of traditional tools. A conceptual scheme of provision of food security through state support for the AIC in the condition of the digital economy is presented – it reflects expedient and high effectiveness of application of the developed innovational tools, which is based on the possibilities of digital economy. These tools allow reducing the load onto the federal budget for state support for the AIC due to foundation on non-financial tools and due to temporary character of the state support for the AIC, which is aimed at creation of conditions and stimulation of growth of competitiveness of the AIC companies and their further independent development.
Bowel management program in patients with spina bifida.

Our center has been successfully implementing a bowel management program (BMP) for fecal incontinence consecutive to anorectal malformation and Hirschsprung disease. Recently, the number of patients with spina bifida requiring management for fecal incontinence has increased. The purpose of this study was to review the results of bowel management in patients with spina bifida and the challenges unique to this population. A retrospective chart review was performed including all patients with spina bifida who attended our BMP from February 2016 until April 2018. Data collection included: prenatal intervention, gender, age, characteristics of contrast enema, success rateand challenges faced. Twenty-two patients met inclusion criteria 13 of which were females. Three patients had their myelomeningocele repaired prenatally, the remaining were repaired postnatally. Patient ages ranged from 2 to 24 years. Only nine patients were referred to BMP at proper toilet training age. Three patients came to BMP status post an antegrade enema procedure with reported “accidents” on their current regimen. The colon in the contrast enema was non-dilated in all patients and two behaved as hypermotile requiring loperamide. Seventeen patients (77%) were clean of stool and considered successful. Solution leakage during enema administration was the most common challenge and was corrected by increasing the Foley balloon fill volume. Our bowel management program with enemas is effective for patients with a history of spina bifida. The data support specific considerations for this population including frequent adjustments, close follow-up and specific administration techniques.
Comma: a commitment-based business modeling methodology and its empirical evaluation

We introduce Comma, a methodology for developing cross-organizational business models. Comma gives prime position to patterns of business relationships understood in terms of commitments. In this manner, it contrasts with traditional operational approaches such as RosettaNet that are commonly used in industry.We report the results of a developer study comparing Comma with a methodology recommended by the RosettaNet Consortium. Ours is one of the only evaluations of an agent-oriented methodology that (1) involves developers other than the proposing researchers and (2) compares against a traditional nonagent approach.We found that Comma yields improved model quality, a greater focus in relative effort on the more important aspects of modeling, and a general reduction in total time despite yielding more comprehensive models. Certain anomalies in effort expended point toward the need for improved tooling.
Research on DSC failure of high efficiency and high power density rectifier

The DSC is the "brain" of the digital control rectifier, so its work stability is very important. In this paper, we discuss the stable work of the DSC from the devices layout, the design of the common-ground, the PCB design, and so on.
Cardiac Pathophysiology and the Future of Cardiac Therapies in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disease featuring skeletal muscle wasting, respiratory insufficiency, and cardiomyopathy. Historically, respiratory failure has been the leading cause of mortality in DMD, but recent improvements in symptomatic respiratory management have extended the life expectancy of DMD patients. With increased longevity, the clinical relevance of heart disease in DMD is growing, as virtually all DMD patients over 18 year of age display signs of cardiomyopathy. This review will focus on the pathophysiological basis of DMD in the heart and discuss the therapeutic approaches currently in use and those in development to treat dystrophic cardiomyopathy. The first section will describe the aspects of the DMD that result in the loss of cardiac tissue and accumulation of fibrosis. The second section will discuss cardiac small molecule therapies currently used to treat heart disease in DMD, with a focus on the evidence supporting the use of each drug in dystrophic patients. The final section will outline the strengths and limitations of approaches directed at correcting the genetic defect through dystrophin gene replacement, modification, or repair. There are several new and promising therapeutic approaches that may protect the dystrophic heart, but their limitations suggest that future management of dystrophic cardiomyopathy may benefit from combining gene-targeted therapies with small molecule therapies. Understanding the mechanistic basis of dystrophic heart disease and the effects of current and emerging therapies will be critical for their success in the treatment of patients with DMD.
Creating Content That Influences People: Considering User Experience and Behavioral Design in Technical Communication:

As people today use information products in contexts with distractions, we need to design for people’s attention. User experience design routinely relies on behavioral design to engage distracted u...
A framework for classifying causal factors of tourism demand seasonality: an interseason and intraseason approach.

This study proposes a framework for classifying the causal effects of tourism demand seasonality, linking between season effects (interseason) with within season effects (intraseason). The literatu...
RvE1 uses the LTB4 receptor BLT1 to increase [Ca2+]i and stimulate mucin secretion in cultured rat and human conjunctival goblet cells

Abstract Purpose Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator resolvin (Rv) E1 stimulates secretion including mucins from conjunctival goblet cells. RvE1 can use both its ChemR23 receptor and the LTB4 receptor BLT1 to increase [Ca2+]i. The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of ChemR23 and BLT1 and receptors on conjunctival goblet cells and the respective roles these two receptors play in goblet cell responses to RvE1. Methods Goblet cells were cultured from male rat or human conjunctiva from both sexes. Western blotting analysis, reverse transcription PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to demonstrate the expression of ChemR23 and BLT1 in conjunctival goblet cells. High molecular weight glycoprotein secretion was determined using an enzyme-linked lectin assay. Signaling pathways were studied by measuring the increase in [Ca2+]i using fura 2/AM. Results ChemR23 and BLT1 and receptors were present on both rat and human conjunctival goblet cells. The BLT1 inhibitors LY293111 and U75302 significantly blocked RvE1-and LTB4-stimulated [Ca2+]i increase. RvE1-and LTB4-stimulated [Ca2+]i and secretion increases were blocked by BLT1-targeted siRNA. RvE1-stimulated [Ca2+]i and secretion increases were also blocked by ChemR23-targeted siRNA. Addition of RvE1 2 min before or simultaneously with LTB4 desensitized the LTB4 [Ca2+]i response. Addition of RvE1 and LTB4 simultaneously caused secretion that was decreased compared to either response alone. Conclusion RvE1, in addition to the ChemR23 receptor, uses the BLT1 receptor to increase [Ca2+]i and stimulate secretion in both rat and human cultured conjunctival goblet cells.
Chapter 11 – Input/Output

Publisher Summary An input routine is a program segment that inputs words from the outside world into the computer, and an output routine is a program segment that does the reverse, it outputs words from the computer to the outside world. A von Neumann computer is divided into its major components: the controller, data operator (arithmetic/logic unit), memory, and input-output unit. Input and output instructions use the same address and data bus as load and store instructions with memory. The action of input and output instructions on input-output hardware is a bit different than the action of load and store instructions on memory. In many microcontrollers, different instructions are used for memory reads or writes than for input or output operations, even though essentially the same address and data bus are used for reading or writing memory, or input or output. The chapter also discusses input and output software through a parallel port like PTT. A switch generally exhibits bouncing and racing. The bouncing problem is, when a switch closes, metal hits metal and bounces back. The racing problem involves repeating an operation for a number of times that the switch is held down.
Choroidal Neovascularization and Toxic Optic Neuropathy Secondary to Tobacco Use: A Case Report.

Tobacco and alcohol dependence are known to cause choroidal neovascularization and toxic optic neuropathy, although these typically occur in isolation. In this case report, we describe a 54-year-old male who presented with a juxtafoveal choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) in the left eye. Over the course of the next two years, his vision worsened significantly in both eyes, and he developed decreased color vision and paracentral scotomas. Impaired photoreceptor response was detected on full-field electroretinography in both eyes. MRI of the brain and orbits was normal, and laboratory tests for optic neuropathy were within normal limits, except for highly elevated cotinine and nicotine levels. He was in the habit of chewing tobacco nearly constantly, and he admitted to drinking 15-20 alcoholic beverages per week. He was diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization and optic atrophy due to tobacco and alcohol overuse. The effects of tobacco and alcohol use on the health of the choroidal vasculature and optic nerve are discussed in the article.
Development of Ultrasound Transducers for Gating the Acquisition of Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for 30% of deaths. The gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) is catheter-based coronary angiography, which is expensive and invasive. Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) represents an attractive alternative because it is noninvasive and computed tomography is widely available. However, CTCA is subject to cardiac motion and thus must be gated to acquire images during the quiescent phase of the cardiac cycle. Gating based on mechanical motion using ultrasound has been demonstrated to improve CTCA imaging performance relative to electrocardiogram (ECG) gating. However, most ultrasound transducers produce streak artifacts in the CT image. In order to address this problem, single element and linear array CT-compatible transducers were designed and fabricated with the goal of achieving acceptable imaging performance for gating while maintaining X-ray compatibility for prospective gating of CT acquisitions using ultrasound imaging data. The developed transducers were radiographically and acoustically tested and were used to acquire images both in tissue-mimicking phantoms and in vivo in a healthy volunteer. These results have identified alternative passive materials that can be used in low frequency transducers to improve CT compatibility with >15 cm penetration depth and similar imaging performance to transducers with standard, non-CT-compatible materials.
Can a self‐expanding pediatric stent expand with an artery? Relationship of stent design to vascular biology

Author(s): Nia, Nima Vahdati | Advisor(s): Levi, Daniel S; Shivkumar, Kalyanam | Abstract: Background:Unlike adults, children quickly outgrow any intravascular metal stents. Great interest exists in the development of stents that can either grow with or resorb in the arteries. This study aimed to develop self-expanding stents that could grow with the vasculature, examine them in a chronic animal model of a growing swine, and investigate the effects of the stent’s geometry and radial forces on the growing tissue. Methods: Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to select four self-expanding nitinol stents with a range of radial forces. Stents were designed and manufactured to meet predetermined mechanical specifications including crossing profile and fully expanded stent size of ≥20 mm. Hysteresis plots were determined for each stent. Fourteen stents were implanted in the abdominal aorta and iliac artery of four three-months old, 50 kg swine. Quantitative angiography, and both gross pathology and histopathology was assessed at 3 months (n=2) and 6 months (n=12). Results: The luminal area of all stented vessels grew more than the adjacent non-stented vessels and the average rate of diameter growth was 34%–49% and 20%–23% for stented and non-stented vessels, respectively. There was no intraluminal thrombus or significant stenosis seen in any of the arteries. Variable degrees of compression and laceration of the internal elastic lamina and/or media was observed to correlate with the initial vessel size but not with the radial force of the stent on the vessel. Similar correlation was observed with inflammatory response and with the degree of neointimal formation. No animals had major complications, issues with deployment, dissection, aneurysm formation, stent fracture, or migration during vessel growth. Conclusions: Self-expanding stents can be designed to grow with an artery to mirror and even exceed somatic growth. Although longer term testing is needed, it is possible to make custom tailor self-expanding stents to grow after arterial implantation in pediatric patients.
Academic factors associated with college students’ prescription stimulant misuse in daily life: An ecological analysis of multiple levels

To identify academic factors pertaining to college students, calendar timing, and particular moments that are uniquely associated with elevated likelihood of prescription stimulant misuse (intentio...
Treatment of genitourinary carcinoma in dogs using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mitoxantrone, and radiation therapy: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND Locoregional tumor control and prolonged survival for dogs with genitourinary carcinoma (CGUC) reportedly are achievable using treatment with radiotherapy (RT) with or without adjunctive chemotherapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). OBJECTIVES To characterize event-free and overall survival after treatment of CGUC using NSAIDs, mitoxantrone (MTX), and a standardized RT protocol (57 Gy in 20 fractions). ANIMALS Fifty-one client-owned dogs treated between 2008 and 2017. METHODS Dogs were retrospectively categorized into treatment groups: (a) first-line concurrent chemoradiotherapy (≥1 dose of MTX started within 1 month of RT); (b) first-line chemotherapy (MTX administered for >1 month before RT without tumor progression); (c) RT as a salvage procedure (MTX, surgery or both with subsequent locoregional tumor progression before RT). Treatment-induced toxicoses, event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival times (OSTs) were recorded. The influence of demographics, staging, and treatment-related factors on survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS Median EFS and OST for all dogs were 260 and 510 days with no significant differences among groups 1 (n = 39), 2 (n = 4), and 3 (n = 8). Both EFS and OST were shorter in dogs with moderate to severe clinical signs (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively); OST was shorter in dogs with prostatic involvement (P = .02). Permanent urinary incontinence developed in 16 dogs (31%) at a median of 70 days postirradiation; other toxicoses were mild and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Mild clinical signs and lack of prostate involvement were associated with favorable prognosis for survival. Client education regarding the risk of urinary incontinence is warranted.
Effect of curvature on extensional stiffness matrix of 2-D braided composite tubes

Abstract In the micromechanical analysis of braided composite tubes, the effects of curvature are often ignored. This approach is acceptable for thin-walled tubes with a large radius. However, in case of small diameter thick-walled tubes, such an approach may lead to inaccurate results. Therefore, it is of interest to determine when the curvature effects of tubular geometry become important in micromechanics. In this study, the extensional stiffness matrix of 2-D braided composite tubes was calculated using a curved unit-cell. The periodicity was imposed in circumferential and longitudinal directions of the tube. The extensional stiffness coefficients were calculated by simulating an internal pressure test, uniaxial tensile test, and torsion test. The obtained stiffness coefficients were compared to those obtained using a flat unit-cell. The results of curved unit-cell were different from that of flat unit-cell. The differences in stiffness coefficients, calculated using curved and flat unit cells were as high as 13%.
Down syndrome and congenital heart disease: perioperative planning and management

Approximately 50% of newborns with Down syndrome have congenital heart disease. Non-cardiac comorbidities may also be present. Many of the principles and strategies of perioperative evaluation and management for patients with congenital heart disease apply to those with Down syndrome. Nevertheless, careful planning for cardiac surgery is required, evaluating for both cardiac and noncardiac disease, with careful consideration of the risk for pulmonary hypertension. In this manuscript, for children with Down syndrome and hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease, we will summarize the epidemiology of heart defects that warrant intervention. We will review perioperative planning for this unique population, including anesthetic considerations, common postoperative issues, nutritional strategies, and discharge planning. Special considerations for single ventricle palliation and heart transplantation evaluation will also be discussed. Overall, the risk of mortality with cardiac surgery in pediatric patients with Down syndrome is no more than the general population, except for those with functional single ventricle heart defects. Underlying comorbidities may contribute to postoperative complications and increased length of stay. A strong understanding of cardiac and non-cardiac considerations in children with Down syndrome will help clinicians optimize perioperative care and long-term outcomes.
"Wild tongues can't be tamed": Rumor, racialized sexuality, and the 1917 Bath Riots in the US-Mexico borderlands.

On 28 January 1917, a group of women led by seventeen-year-old Carmelita Torres defied quarantine orders at the US-Mexico border, where Mexican-heritage people were required to undergo delousing. According to local and national coverage of the protest, rumors that United States Public Health Service officials had photographed women in the nude ignited what would come to be known as the Bath Riots. This paper engages archival materials with Gloria Anzaldua’s Borderlands La Frontera: The New Mestiza to show how these rumors disrupt the existing historical record. Specifically, I analyze newspaper reports to highlight the racialized and sexualized construction of Mexican women as disease carriers in need of regulation and public health photographs of the El Paso disinfection plant. By employing Anzalduan concepts of “wild tongues” and la facultad as methodological tools for reading state archives, I reveal a counter-discourse to biopolitical subjection in the transmission of rumors among working-class Mexican women.
Optimistic Explanatory Style and Suicide Attempt in Young Adults

Suicidal behavior, including suicide attempt, may result from maladaptive explanatory patterns for past negative life events, in which a person attributes the causes of stressors to internal, stable and global factors. Conversely, an optimistic explanatory style involves perceiving negative life events as external, transient and specific, and may be related to reduced suicide risk. We examined the association between attributional style and lifetime suicide attempts in 135 college students, covarying age, race and ethnicity. Participants provided informed consent and completed an online survey. An optimistic explanatory style was associated with reduced risk of suicide attempt; this effect persisted in a model controlling for hopelessness and depressive symptoms. The manner in which an individual interprets negative life events may buffer against suicidal behavior. Therapeutic strategies to promote an optimistic explanatory style may be successful in the prevention of suicide.
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol: A Reliable, Connection-Oriented, Byte-Stream Service

This chapter describes the congestion control algorithms as implemented by the transmission control protocol (TCP). It provides a number of scenarios in order to simulate these algorithms. The chapter also compares the performance of the algorithms through the analysis of the simulation results. The Internet's TCP guarantees the reliable, in-order delivery of a stream of bytes. It includes a flow-control mechanism for the byte streams that allows the receiver to limit how much data the sender can transmit at a given time. In addition, TCP also implements a highly tuned congestion-control mechanism. The idea of TCP congestion control is for each source to determine how much capacity is available in the network, so that it knows how many packets it can safely have in transit. It essentially maintains a state variable for each connection, called the congestion window, which is used by the source to limit how much data it is allowed to have in transit at a given time.
Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho. I. ATPase activation by oligonucleotide cofactors.

Abstract Rho protein is required to bring about RNA release from Escherichia coli transcription complexes paused at specific (rho-dependent) termination sites. Rho functions in termination as a hexamer of identical subunits arranged in D3 symmetry, with each rho subunit carrying an RNA- and an ATP-binding site. The detailed mechanism of rho-catalyzed transcript release remains to be determined, but it is clear that the RNA-dependent ATPase activity that is stimulated by interaction with the nascent transcript is essential to the termination function of rho. In this study, we have used short (8-10 nucleotide residues) synthetic ribo-oligonucleotides to model the interaction of segments of the RNA cofactor with rho. A poly(dC) enhancement procedure was used to permit the measurement of steady state ATPase parameters. We show that (i) ATPase activation is cofactor composition- and sequence-dependent; (ii) at least 60% of the residues of these short RNA cofactors must be cytosine to produce maximal rho ATPase activation; (iii) oligo(rU,rC) cofactors with the rU residues located at the 5' termini of the oligomer are much better ATPase cofactors than oligomers containing rC residues only; (iv) this enhanced stimulation is not observed if the rU residues are replaced by rA residues; (v) this cofactor activity relative to oligo(rC) is reversed if the rU residues are placed at the 3' terminus of RNA oligomer; and (vi) these nucleotide sequence and composition effects do not appear to be functions of K+ or Mg2+ concentration. These ATPase activation results are correlated with the binding to rho of oligonucleotide cofactors in the accompanying paper (Wang, Y., and von Hippel, P. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 13947-13955).
Present Status of g — 2 of Electron and Muon

The current status of the theory of the magnetic moment anomaly of the electron and muon is reviewed with particular emphasis on the on-going effort to reduce the statistical and non-statistical uncertainties in the numerical evaluation of the QED contribution.
Prolapse of the umbilical cord: An analysis of 116 cases at the Cincinnati General Hospital

Abstract Prolapse of the umbilical cord represents an extremely serious and usually unpreventable obstetrical accident. The average incidence is said to be approximately 1 in 200 deliveries and, because of this frequency, further study of the possible etiological factors, causes of fetal mortality, and optimum method of treatment is of importance. For the purpose of classification, cord prolapse has been divided into 3 major groups: 1. Occult type , occurring when the cord is at or near the lower uterine segment but not within reach of the fingers during the ordinary examination. 2. Forelying type , palpable by the examining finger though the cervix, but with the membranes intact. 3. External type , with membranes ruptured, cord is actually extruded through the cervix into the vagina and occasionally outside the vulva. In this paper only the external type will be considered.
Facts as Theory: Aspects of Goethe’s Philosophy of Science

For many, the business of science is to search for causes. So when the would-be scientist Goethe declares to Schiller that “. . . we are not seeking causes but the circumstances under which the phenomenon occurs” (‘Erfahrung und Wissenschaft’: HA 13, p. 25; Goethe, 1952, p. 228), he seems to be missing the point of the scientific enterprise. He only makes matters worse by maintaining that, “Man in thinking errs particularly when inquiring after cause and effect; the two together constitute the indissoluble phenomenon . . . [‘Maximen und Reflexionen’, 591: HA 12, p. 446]. “It is rightly said that the phenomenon is a consequence without a ground, an effect without a cause [Goethe, Maximen . . ., 590: HA 12, p. 446].
Resin processing and energy savings

In manufacturing impregnate coils, resin is seen as an expense, not as an integral part to improve the properties of a motor stator, transformer, or other coil-bearing component. We plan to discuss the many methods to process coils with resin and how these methods can, or cannot, save cost or, more importantly, save energy by increasing the efficiency of the units. The importance of saving energy will be a part of this and other papers presented in this session.