cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Renal function and its relation to the ecology of the vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus

Abstract 1. 1. Blood consumption in 7-hr experimental periods (blood available first 2 hr) averaged 37·4 per cent/body wt. 2. 2. Urine averaged 40·5 per cent/blood consumed, with 62 per cent voided in the first hour. 3. 3. At peak flow (4·0 ml/kg per min) osmotic concentration was 475 mOsm; 6 1 2 hr later the mean high was 4656 mOsm. 4. 4. Ratio urea/mOsm urine reached 0·73, or 68 per cent of total activity. 5. 5. Na and Cl diminished with concentration (90 per cent of activity in dilute urine, 9·5 per cent in concentrated urine), but Na/Cl ratio increased (240 mM Na/60 mM Cl at mean concentration of 4656 mOsm). 6. 6. Potassium (max. 42 mM/l) was uncorrelated with Na, Cl or osmotic concentration. 7. 7. Insensible losses (during 2 hr after feeding at ambient temperature 23·5–25°C) were 13·7 per cent (r.h. 40 per cent) and 8·5 per cent (r.h. 77 per cent) respectively.
Automated identification of binding sites for phosphorylated ligands in protein structures.

Phosphorylation is a crucial step in many cellular processes, ranging from metabolic reactions involved in energy transformation to signaling cascades. In many instances, protein domains specifically recognize the phosphogroup. Knowledge of the binding site provides insights into the interaction, and it can also be exploited for therapeutic purposes. Previous studies have shown that proteins interacting with phosphogroups are highly heterogeneous, and no single property can be used to reliably identify the binding site. Here we present an energy-based computational procedure that exploits the protein three-dimensional structure to identify binding sites involved in the recognition of phosphogroups. The procedure is validated on three datasets containing more than 200 proteins binding to ATP, phosphopeptides, and phosphosugars. A comparison against other three generic binding site identification approaches shows higher accuracy values for our method, with a correct identification rate in the 80–90% range for the top three predicted sites. Addition of conservation information further improves the performance. The method presented here can be used as a first step in functional annotation or to guide mutagenesis experiments and further studies such as molecular docking. Proteins 2012;. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal Risk of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 1, HSV Type 2, and Cytomegalovirus Infections among Young Adolescent Girls

Background Cross-sectional seroprevalence studies indicate that infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are common. However, data on the rates of acquisition of these infections are limited. Methods A 3-year longitudinal study of HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV seroprevalence was conducted in a cohort of 174 adolescent girls (age at enrollment, 12-15 years). Results At study entry, 41% of the girls reported a history of sexual activity, and by the end of the study, 73% reported a history of sexual activity. At enrollment, 71% of all participants were seropositive for CMV, 44% were seropositive for HSV-1, and 7% were seropositive for HSV-2. By the end of the study, 81% of the girls were seropositive for CMV, 49% were seropositive for HSV-1, and 14% were seropositive for HSV-2. Among girls with a history of sexual activity, 15.5% were HSV-2 seropositive at the beginning of the study, and 18.9% were HSV-2 seropositive at the end of the study. The attack rates, based on the number of cases per 100 person-years, were 13.8 for CMV infection and 3.2 for HSV-1 infection (among all girls) and 4.4 for HSV-2 infection (among girls with a history of sexual activity). Participants with preexisting HSV-1 antibodies were associated with a significantly lower attack rate for HSV-2 infection. A generalized estimating equation model indicated that participants with a longer history of sexual activity and those who had more sexually transmitted diseases during the 6-month periods before the study visits were more likely to be HSV-2 seropositive. Conclusions This longitudinal study of adolescent girls found high baseline CMV and HSV-1 seroprevalence rates and substantial attack rates for all 3 pathogens.
Limited reaction processing: In-situ metal&#8212;oxide&#8212;semiconductor capacitors

Limited reaction processing (LRP) has been used to fabricate in-situ silicon-silicon dioxide-polycrystalline silicon layers for metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. The process consists of multiple in-situ rapid thermal processing steps to grow or deposit different layers. Capacitors have been fabricated from these layers and analyzed by capacitance-voltage measurements for interfacial fixed charge and interface state density. The capacitors exhibit excellent characteristics.
Linking Dispositions and Social Behavior: Self-Monitoring and Advertising Preferences

To help students appreciate the impact of dispositions on social behavior, I demonstrate to them how a particular disposition (self-monitoring propensity) relates to interesting differences in cons...
STRUCTURAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF PRlSONlZATlON

This study. based on an analysis of data obtained from a randomly selected sample of 239 inmates of a maximum security federal penetentiary, assesses the explanotory power and relative importance of variables related to prisonization in the previous literature. While support for hypotheses derived from the importation and deprivation models was found, our analysis. consistent with earlier research, reveals that the proportion of variance in prisonization which can be accounted for is not high. Still, our findings underline the necessity of moving toward an integration of existing theories of prisonization rother than attempting to view them as contradictory perspectives.
Analysis of melanoma cell type in uveal melanoma following treatment failure

Purpose To determine whether an increase (or progression) in the degree of malignancy according to cytologic or histopathologic criteria corresponded with failure of intraocular melanoma control. Design Retrospective case control study from a single institution. Methods Uveal melanoma patients had either fine-needle aspiration biopsy followed by irradiation and later enucleation or an eyewall resection followed by enucleation. The observation procedures were serial histology or cytopathology and histology, reanalyzed in a masked manner. The main outcome measures were change in the predominant tumor cell type, local tumor control, and metastases. Results There was not a significant correlation between a change in melanoma cell type and failure to control intraocular melanoma. Similarly, the latency between treatment and enucleation was actually less (but not statistically so) in tumors that showed no increase in melanoma malignancy cell type compared with those that had a more malignant cell type on serial examination. Conclusions There was no correlation between a change to more a malignant cell type and local control failure in patients treated either with radiation or eyewall resection for uveal melanoma.
Wood anatomy of daphniphylla ceae: Ecological and phylogenetic considerations, review of pittosporalean families

Wood anatomy of 16 collections representing three species containing eight subspecies of the single genusDaphniphyllum is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.Daphniphyllum has vessels angular to roundish in transection, scalariform perforation plates, scalariform to opposite lateral wall vessel pitting, tracheids with fully bordered pits, heterocellular multiseriate and uniseriate rays, diffuse axial parenchyma and, in one taxon, chambered crystals in axial parenchyma cells. Growth rings, narrower vessels, and more numerous, vessels per square mm characterize taxa from cooler habitats. All of the taxa have highly mesomorphic woods. Comparisons are made between Daphniphyllaceae and the other families of Thorne's Pittosporales (Balanopaceae, Bruniaceae, Buxaceae, Byblidaceae, Geissolomataceae. Grubbiaceae, Myrothamnaceae, Pittosporaceae, Roridulaceae, and Tremandraceae). These families are most comparable to hamamelidoid or rosoid families; other similarities or relationships for these families may exist, but are less conspicuous or less close. The families cited may form a plexus, characterized by primitive xylary and other features, comparable to Annonales (Magnoliales) as products of an early radiation of dicotyledons.
The role of surfactants in capillary electroosmosis and electrophoresis

Abstract Capillary flow behaviors of two different surfactants, negative sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and positive cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), have been determined by the current‐monitoring method. In the absence of surfactants, electroosmotic flow is generally anode to cathode for a negatively charged capillary surface. With a decrease of the capillary diameter, the energy consumed per flow volume decreases slightly. With surfactants present, electrokinetic behavior is complex. For example, due to the electrophoretic effect, the overall flow of SDS solutions with concentration above its critical micelle concentration (CMC), 8.4 mM, was reversed (cathode toward anode, v = ‐0.03 cm/s). However, with the concentration of SDS below its CMC, normal anodic to cathodic electroosmotic flow (v = 0.06 cm/s) was observed. In the case of a positively charged surfactant CTAC, reverse cathode to anode electrokinetic flows (v=‐0.09 cm/s) of CTAC solutions also were observed with the concentration of CTAC ab...
The US feminist art movement: a selective annotated bibliography

The US feminist art movement of the 1970s is examined through selected works written by artists, critics, and historians during the 1990s. Books, exhibition catalogues, dissertations, and articles place the movement within the broader contexts of art history and criticism, women’s history, and cultural studies. The art includes painting, drawing, collage, mixed‐media, graphics, installations, video, and performance. An increasing historical perspective allows scholars to examine the movement’s institutions and unresolved issues surrounding class, race, and sexual preference. Background is provided by an introductory essay, which summarizes the movement’s facets of protest, pedagogy, networks and professional associations, and art making while noting examples of publications and institutions that form part of the record of the movement. This article will be useful to librarians and scholars in art, women’s studies, history, sociology, and cultural studies.
The Zhuangzi and You 遊: Defining an Ideal Without Contradiction

You 遊 is a crucial term for understanding the Zhuangzi. Translated as “play,” “free play,” and “wandering,” it is usually defined as an ideal, playful Zhuangzian way of being. There are two problems with this definition. The first is logical: the Zhuangzi cannot consistently recommend playfulness as an ideal, since doing so vitiates the essence of you—it becomes an ethical imperative instead of an activity freely undertaken for its own sake. The second problem is performative: arguments for playful Zhuangzi as exemplar resemble those of the logicians and philosophers who appear to come in for Zhuangzian criticism. This essay addresses these tensions by demonstrating how the Zhuangzi ambiguates the nature and value of you. Apparent endorsements of you are not freestanding, instead occurring in grudging replies of teachers to overly zealous students. In light of this recontextualization, a new version of you is offered that accommodates “non-playful” ways of being.
Gratitude, Ressentiment, and Citizenship Education

Patricia White (Stud Philos Educ 18:43–52, 1999) argues that the virtue gratitude is essential to a flourishing democracy because it helps foster universal and reciprocal amity between citizens. Citizens who participate in this reciprocal relationship ought to be encouraged to recognize that “much that people do does in fact help to make communal civic life less brutish, pleasanter and more flourishing.” This is the case even when the majority of citizens do not intentionally seek to make civic life better for others. Were citizens to recognize the appropriateness of gratitude in these situations, the bonds of our democratic communities would be strengthened. In this paper, I examine White’s argument more carefully, arguing that it fails to address adequately the difficulties that arise when we attempt to encourage the virtue of gratitude in our students. To address these difficulties, I turn to an unlikely source for democratic inspiration: Friedrich Nietzsche. In spite of his well-known anti-democratic sentiments, Nietzsche offers democratic citizens insights into the social value of gratitude. I argue that Nietzsche’s ideas resolve the educational difficulties in White’s argument and viably establish gratitude as an important democratic virtue that ought to be cultivated.
Children's First Language as a Model for Second Language Learning.

THE most difficult learning task in school is the attempt to achieve fluency in a foreign language. For instance, after two years of stressful study in high school trying to achieve skill in French, German or Spanish, the results from standard achievement tests show ". .. that students do not learn a satisfactory amount . . ." (Carroll, 1960). It may even be realistic to say that most students will not only have almost zero fluency in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, but antilearning has taken place because many students react to this kind of a task as a noxious experience to be avoided if at all possible. In intensive training programs for adults in military schools, foreign missionary organizations, and business corporations in foreign countries, only about Y to 2 of the candidates can be expected to achieve success. Carroll (1960) speculates that this high rate of failure is a function of low aptitude for a second language learning. While the aptitude hypothesis may indeed be correct, another possibility is that the learning strategies in contemporary school and training situations make fluency in a second language an "unlearnable" task for many people. I would like to present the case for a learning strategy that not only makes a second language learnable for most people, but enjoyable. This strategy is a model of how children learn their first language. For example, there are three critical elements in the way children learn their first language. Each of these elements is a clue for creating a powerful strategy to learn a second language. The first element is that listening skill is far in advance of speaking. For instance, it is common to observe young children who are not yet able to produce more than one-word utterances, yet they demonstrate perfect understanding when an adult says, "pick up your red truck and bring it to me!" As far back as 1935, teams of investigators as Gesell and Thompson or Biihler and Hetzer have reported that when children learn their first language, listening comprehension of many complex utterances is demonstrated before these children
Nucleation of embryos of a second phase by individual impurity atoms

Abstract Perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC) was used to monitor the atomic environments of indium atoms in Ni–Al alloys at temperatures and compositions in the two-phase field between Ni 2 Al 3 and NiAl. In earlier PAC measurements at room temperature, the fraction of signal that is characteristic of the Ni 2 Al 3 phase greatly exceeded the fraction predicted by the lever-rule, and it was suggested that indium could nucleate small embryos of the Ni 2 Al 3 phase in the NiAl single-phase field. Measurements at elevated temperatures are now reported. PAC signals from the Ni 2 Al 3 phase are observed to extend into the NiAl single-phase field from 0.5 to 1.0 at.% beyond published phase boundaries that were established by experiments on samples prepared similarly to those in this study. Thus, the new observations support the hypothesis that individual solute atoms can nucleate small crystals of a second phase within a single-phase field. In addition, phase boundaries were calculated from the PAC data, assuming that the lever rule was obeyed, and compared with boundaries from the literature.
On getting to know you: The association between the stage of a relationship and reciprocity of self-disclosure

Abstract The problem of the study was to determine the association between the stage of relationship and the depth of reciprocal self-disclosures. The subjects were 68 Korean female university students including 17 original subjects, each of whom enlisted one person at each of three relationship stages for disclosing sessions (i.e., with an acquaintance, a friend, and her best friend). Structured conversations were carried on and recorded at each of the relationship stages. The conversations were content analyzed by two judges. The results indicated that (1) there is a linear inverse association between stage of relationship and the generation of nonintimate reciprocal self-disclosures, and (2) there is a curvilinear association between the stage of relationship and the generation of intimate reciprocal self-disclosures.
A size-structured model for cannibalism

A size-structured model for the dynamics of a cannibalistic population is derived under the assumption that cannibals (successfully) attack only smaller bodied victims, as is generally the case in the biological world. In addition to the resulting size-dependent death rate, the model incorporates the positive feedback mechanism resulting from the added resource energy obtained by the cannibal from the consumption of the victim. From the nonlinear partial integro-differential equation model, it is shown how to obtain a complete analysis of the global dynamics of the total population biomass. This analysis yields many dynamical features that have been attributed to cannibalism in the literature, including density self-regulation, a “life-boat strategy” phenomenon by which a population avoids extinction by practicing cannibalism under circumstances when it would otherwise go extinct, and multiple stable positive equilibrium states and hysteresis.
The K-theory of hereditary categories

An exact category is an additive category together with a notion of short exact sequence which satisfies some familiar properties. In [3], Quillen defines the K-groups of an exact category n/r. He constructs from M 9 certain category QM. Its classifying space SOM is a CW-complex whose homotopy group rri+J3(&M is, by definition, the group KJ4. If R is a ring (with l), then KiZ? is defined to beKJ’(R), where P(R) is the category of finitely-generated projective left R-modules. If M’+ M is an exact functor from an exact category _M’ to an exact category M, then knowledge about the homotopy fiber F of the map BQM’-, SQM may yield useful information about the K-groups of n/r and M’, in light of the long exact sequence of homotopy groups:
Automated analysis of laser calorimetric data

A small computer has been integrated into the usual laser calorimetry experiment. A numerical algorithm has been developed for the Hewlett-Packard 9815A to reduce raw temperature–time data to three straight lines representing steady-state temperature–time curves. The algorithm successfully deals with temperature variations due to scattered laser light and noise.
Proton Irradiation of Carbon Nanotubes

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were irradiated with 1 MeV protons and the samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV−vis−NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. There is clear evidence that the irradiated sample contains C−H bonds.
Italy’s path to gas liberalisation: corporate power, monopoly distortions and the Russia factor

Existing studies show that, on average, national champions in energy-rich states tend to ‘stick around’ by maintaining strong links with their respective governments in the distribution of rents. Yet the foundations of preference formation – the particular role of national champions, their relationship to their respective governments and a limited number of third suppliers in that process – have neither been theorised nor investigated empirically in countries that are net importers of gas. This article takes a substantial step in that direction. I examine the dynamics among ENI (the Italian national champion), the Italian government, and Russia, their external supplier, focusing on the Italian gas sector and its path to liberalisation. More specifically, I test whether there is positive causality between Italy’s bumpy road to gas market liberalisation and the country’s close energy partnership with Russia. I find that in Italy it is corporate actors, rather than a carefully managed government policy, that...
A comprehensive review of the screening methodology for anaerobic biodegradability of surfactants

A biodegradability assay should mimic in situ conditions as closely as possible. If this is not entirely possible, the assayshould at least include inoculum from the site. This review attemptsto condense current literature on anaerobic biodegradability assayand propose a clear assessment methodology to determine the fatesurfactants in anaerobic environments. It has been well documentedthat surfactant concentrations toxic to the microflora can lead tounwarranted failure of biodegradability assays. Thus, an important recommendation is to first perform a toxicity evaluation with relevant controls. Based on the results of this evaluation, a Tier 1biodegradability assay that assesses the rate of formation of reducedendproducts or the consumption of a particular terminal electron acceptor is recommended and supported by current literature. Balancedchemical equations for the complete mineralization of the substrateare then used to compare the amount of transformation that actuallyoccurred with that theoretically expected. When required, resultsshould be confirmed by Tier 2 testing, which includes monitoring ofsubstrate disappearance over time using a variety of analytical tools.These recommended procedures are scientifically defensible and havethe potential of providing environmentally relevant information on thefate of surfactant materials in the environment.
Effect of "stress" on serum prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels during the estrous cycle of the rat.

The effect of method of blood col-lection on serum prolactin and LH levels was determined throughout the estrous cycle of the rat. Five animals were decapitated and 5 were bled from the abdominal aorta following lap-arotomy under ether anesthesia at each of the following times during the estrous cycle: 3 PM on diestrus days 1, 2 and 3 and 10 AM and 3 PM on the days of proestrus and estrus. Compared to decapitation, laparotomy and bleeding under ether anesthesia induced 3- to 8-fold increases in serum prolactin values at all times studied dur-ing the estrous cycle except on the afternoon of proestrus, when no further increase in already elevated levels was observed. Ether-laparotomy also elevated prolactin titers in ovariectomized females but not in males. Prolactin levels on the morning of proestrus in animals anesthetized with ether and then decapitated were higher than in decapitated animals but less than in ether-laparotomized animals. Serum concentrations of LH were not affected by any of the procedur...
Automatic Patient Specific Verification Of Treatment Plan Delivery On A Varian Truebeam

1A 330 1A 49 100.0 % 0.022 ± 0.033 (0.259) mu Pass Pass Pass Pass 1B 300 1B 79 100.0 % 0.035 ± 0.058 (0.391) mu Pass Pass Pass Pass 1C 270 1C 66 100.0 % 0.032 ± 0.077 (0.398) mu Pass Pass Pass Pass 1D 240 1D 108 100.0 % 0.045 ± 0.078 (0.516) mu Pass Pass Pass Pass 1E 210 1E 44 100.0 % 0.018 ± 0.037 (0.276) mu Pass Pass Pass Pass 1F 210 1F 42 100.0 % 0.013 ± 0.013 (0.158) mu Pass Pass Pass Pass 1 - Pass Rate = the percentage of the number of pixels with error less than the 2 percent of the maximal fluence (in mu) of the
Defect in Glucose Removal in Nonketotlc Diabetic Patients with Fasting Hyperglycemia

The present experiments were performed to determine the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in normal subjects as compared with nonobese patients with fasting hyperglycemia at similar steady state plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. The studies were carried out at two different steady state plasma glucose levels (approximately 250 and 350 mg/100ml), and, in both instances, patients with fasting hyperglycemia removed approximately one-half as much glucose from the plasma as did normal subjects. Since the plasma insulin levels were comparable in the two groups (approximately 100 μU/ml), these results demonstrate that patients with fasting hyperglycemia are more insulin resistant than are normal subjects. Furthermore, the differences in glucose removal were observed under conditions in which the plasma glucose levels in the normal and the diabetic groups were similar; therefore, the insulin resistance of patients with fasting hyperglycemia is independent of differences in plasma glucose pool size. Finally, glucose removal increased proportionately in both experimental.groups at the higher plasma glucose levels, suggesting that saturation of the glucose transport system does hot occur at these plasma glucose concentrations. These results further document the fact that nonobese patients with significant fasting hyperglycemia are less responsive than normal subjects to the acute action of insulin that stimulates glucose removal from plasma.
Development of a novel ex vivo porcine skin explant model for the assessment of mature bacterial biofilms.

Bacterial biofilms have been proposed to be a major factor contributing to the failure of chronic wounds to heal because of their increased tolerance to antimicrobial agents and the prolonged inflammation they cause. Phenotypic characteristics of bacterial biofilms vary depending on the substratum to which they attach, the nutritional environment, and the microorganisms within the biofilm community. To develop an ex vivo biofilm model that more closely mimics biofilms in chronic skin wounds, we developed an optimal procedure to grow mature biofilms on a central partial-thickness wound in 12-mm porcine skin explants. Chlorine gas produced optimal sterilization of explants while preserving histological properties of the epidermis and dermis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus developed mature biofilms after 3 days that had dramatically increased tolerance to gentamicin and oxacillin (∼100× and 8,000× minimal inhibitory concentration, respectively) and to sodium hypochlorite (0.6% active chlorine). Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy verified extensive exopolymeric biofilm structures on the explants. Despite a significant delay, a ΔlasI quorum-sensing mutant of P. aeruginosa developed biofilm as antibiotic-tolerant as wild-type after 3 days. This ex vivo model simulates growth of biofilms on skin wounds and provides an accurate model to assess effects of antimicrobial agents on mature biofilms.
The fractionalization of ‘parent’: reproductive technology and responses from society and the law

Startling shifts in the shape and meaning of ‘the family’ in the USA and elsewhere in the last decades of the 20th Century have facilitated the acceptance of remarkable new reproductive options. Had these options appeared a half-century earlier, they might well have been openly rejected by society and the law, or have been limited to veterinary use. Instead, courts in the USA have increasingly acknowledged possibilities such as ‘natural’ parentage for a woman not genetically linked to her child, a child having three parents, a child having two parents of one gender, or a man being named the legal parent of a child conceived after his death. Even more startlingly from the perspective of traditional understandings of family, lawmakers are relying on genetic test results to displace traditional visions of family relationships. As courts in the USA grapple with questions regarding family and parentage in cases occasioned by reproductive technology, they are broadening the law’s response to definitions of fami...
Project Portfolio Management for Academic Libraries: A Gentle Introduction

This is the pre-print version of an article published in College and Research Libraries, July 2012; 73 (4). Issue URL: http://crl.acrl.org/content/73/4.toc Article URL: http://crl.acrl.org/content/73/4/379.full.pdf+html
Let's Get Physical! In, Out and Around the Gaming Circle of Physical Gaming at Home

Physical gaming is a genre of computer games that has recently been made available for the home. But what does it mean to bring games home that were originally designed for play in the arcade? This paper describes an empirical study that looks at physical gaming and how it finds its place in the home. We discuss the findings from this study by organizing them around four topics: the adoption of the game, its unique spatial needs, the tension between visibility and availability of the game, and what it means to play among what we describe as the gaming circle, or players and non-players alike. Finally, we discuss how physical gaming in the home surfaces questions and issues for householders and researchers around adoption, gender and both space and place.
A ${\hbox{700-}}\mu{\hbox {A}}$ 405-MHz All-Digital Fractional- $N$ Frequency-Locked Loop for ISM Band Applications

Several wireless biomedical transceivers, including medical implants communication systems (MICSs), require ultra-low-power low-complexity frequency synthesizers. This paper presents an all-digital frequency-locked loop (ADFLL)-based frequency synthesizer with a built-in frequency-shift keying modulator for MICS and industrial-scientific-medical band applications. Unlike all-digital phase-locked loops that rely on a power-hungry time to digital converter, the proposed ADFLL employs a high-resolution single-bit ΣΔ frequency discriminator in the feedback path and a noise-cancelling ΣΔ phase-accumulator-based frequency controller in the reference path, achieving fractional resolution with low power consumption. The loop compensation is implemented digitally using an infinite impulse response filter followed by a digital-intensive current-steering DAC driving a ring-oscillator-based voltage-controlled oscillator. The ADFLL achieves 9.5-Hz frequency resolution, spanning the ISM 400-410-MHz band. A worst case near-integer spur of -62 dBc and a phase noise of -83 dBc/Hz at 300-kHz offset are measured. The ADFLL is fabricated on a 0.18-μm CMOS process, occupying a 0.14-mm2 die area, with a quiescent current consumption of 700 μA.
Methods for Efficient, High Quality Volume Resampling in the Frequency Domain

Resampling is a frequent task in visualization and medical imaging. It occurs whenever images or volumes are magnified, rotated, translated, or warped. Resampling is also an integral procedure in the registration of multi-modal datasets, such as CT, PET, and MRI, in the correction of motion artifacts in MRI, and in the alignment of temporal volume sequences in fMRI. It is well known that the quality of the resampling result depends heavily on the quality of the interpolation filter used. However, high-quality filters are rarely employed in practice due to their large spatial extents. In this paper, we explore a new resampling technique that operates in the frequency-domain where high- quality filtering is feasible. Further, unlike previous methods of this kind, our technique is not limited to integer-ratio scaling factors, but can resample image and volume datasets at any rate. This would usually require the application of slow Discrete Fourier Transforms (DFT) to return the data to the spatial domain. We studied two methods that successfully avoid these delays: the chirp-z transform and the FFTW package. We also outline techniques to avoid the ringing artifacts that may occur with frequency-domain filtering. Thus, our method can achieve high-quality interpolation at speeds that are usually associated with spatial filters of far lower quality.
Comparison of chi-square and join-count methods for evaluating digital image data

The significance of each bit of the pixel in digital image data from various radiological modalities is tested to determine the contrast resolution. Two statistical methods, join-count statistic and chi-square goodness of fit test, are used to perform the test. Join-count statistic is used to measure the spatial coherence among pixels, while the chi-square test is used to determine if the bit data are randomly distributed. A residual image is formed by subtracting an original image from its smoothed version. The contrast revolution is determined by applying both statistics on each bit plane of the residual image starting from the least significant bit up to the bit plane whose statistic does not show a random pattern. Images from three digital modalities, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance, and computed radiography, are used to evaluate the gray-level dynamic range. Both methods are easy to implement and fast to perform. >
An Imperial Knowledge Space for Bourbon Spain: Juan Bautista Muñoz and the Founding of the Archivo General de Indias

In 1784 cosmografo mayor de Indias Juan Bautista Munoz was weighing the decision of where the newly commissioned Archivo General de Indias (AGI) should be located. Cadiz, Madrid, Simancas, and Sevi...
Evidence based practice in long term care settings.

Purpose: The purpose of this manuscript is to discuss the need for use of evidence based practice (EBP) in LTC, the current use of evidence in long term care facilities and what we know about adoption of the use of EBP in LTC. Methods: Literature review and reporting of findings from the M-TRAIN study that was a quasi-experimental design to test the effectiveness of an intervention to increase the use of EBPs for urinary incontinence and pain in 48 LTC facilities. Results: Barriers to adopting EBPs include lack of available time, lack of access to current research literature, limited critical appraisal skills, excessive literature to review, non-receptive organizational culture, limited resources, and limited decision-making authority of staff to implement change. Strategies to promote adoption of EBP include the commitment of management; the culture of the home; leadership; staff knowledge, time, and reward; and facility size, complexity, the extent that members are involved outside the facility, NH chain membership, and high level of private pay residents. Findings from the M-TRAIN add, stability of nurse leader and congruency between the leaders perception of their leadership and the staff’s perception of the leadership. Conclusion: There is clear evidence of the need and the benefits to residents of LTC and to the health care system yet adoption of EBP continues to be slow and sporadic. There is also evidence for the process of establishing best evidence and many resources to find the available EBPs. The urgent need now is finding ways to best get the EBPs implemented in LTC. There is growing evidence about best methods to do this but continued research is needed. Clearly, residents in LTC deserve the best care possible and EBPs represent an important vehicle by which to do this.
CAD-associated reader error in CT colonography.

Rationale and Objectives Computed tomographic colonographic interpretation with computer-aided detection (CAD) may be superior to unaided viewing, although polyp characteristics may influence accuracy. Reader error due to polyp characteristics was evaluated in a multiple-case, multiple-reader trial of computed tomographic colonography with CAD. Materials and Methods Two experts retrospectively reviewed 52 positive cases (74 polyps) and categorized them as hard, moderate, or easy to detect. Each case was evaluated without and with CAD. Features that may influence a reader's ability to detect a polyp or to accept or reject a CAD mark were tabulated. The association between polyp characteristics and detection rates in the trial was assessed. The difference in detection rates (CAD vs unassisted) was calculated, and regression analysis was performed. Results Of 64 polyps found by CAD, experts categorized 20 as hard, 28 as moderate, and 16 as easy to detect. Reader characterization errors predominated (47.3%) over other errors. Factors associated with lower detection rates included small size, flat morphology, and resemblance to a thickened fold. CAD was superior for polyps resembling lipomas compared to those that did not resemble lipomas (average increase in detection rate with CAD, 12.8% vs 5.5%; P Conclusions Polyp characteristic may impair computed tomographic colonographic interpretation augmented by CAD. Readers can avoid errors of measurement by evaluating diminutive polyp candidates with sample measurements. Caution should be taken when evaluating focally thick folds and when using visual impression to dismiss a polyp candidate as a lipoma when it is submerged in densely tagged fluid.
Hypocalcemic properties of parturient bovine plasma.

Summary Plasma obtained from nonlactating preparturient cows, parturient cows, and lactating cows was transfused into yearling heifers and the subsequent changes in their plasma calcium and inorganic phosphorus levels were followed for 72 hr. When plasma from nonlactating cows was transfused, the average plasma calcium level of the recipient heifers was decreased by 1 mg/100 ml for 7 hr. Plasma transfused from parturient cows also decreased the plasma calcium level of the recipient heifers by 1 mg/100 ml, but the depressed level persisted for 18 hr. When plasma from lactating cows was administered, the average plasma calcium level of the heifers was not significantly altered except at 12 hr after transfusion, when an increase of 0.4 mg/100 ml was observed. The plasma inorganic phosphorus level of the heifers varied from 6.2–8.3 mg/100 ml, but was not altered significantly from the starting level by transfusions from any of the groups of cows. The data suggest the presence of a factor which depresses the level of calcium in the blood or which suppresses calcium mobilization from bone.
Unsupervised Word Alignment with Arbitrary Features

We introduce a discriminatively trained, globally normalized, log-linear variant of the lexical translation models proposed by Brown et al. (1993). In our model, arbitrary, non-independent features may be freely incorporated, thereby overcoming the inherent limitation of generative models, which require that features be sensitive to the conditional independencies of the generative process. However, unlike previous work on discriminative modeling of word alignment (which also permits the use of arbitrary features), the parameters in our models are learned from unannotated parallel sentences, rather than from supervised word alignments. Using a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic measures, including translation performance, we show our model yields better alignments than generative baselines in a number of language pairs.
Differential expression of thymosin genes in human tumors and in the developing human kidney

Thymosins beta 4 and beta 10 are 2 structurally related polypeptides originally defined in the rat immune system. To date, no truly unambiguous functions have been formally ascribed to these small (less than 4.9 kDa) acidic proteins. Previous research has demonstrated relationships between expression of these genes and cell growth/differentiation. These observations prompted the present study which has used cDNA and synthetic oligonucleotide probes in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to examine the differential expression of these 2 genes in normal and neoplastic human tissues and in the developing human kidney. Low levels of beta 4 and beta 10 mRNA species prevailed in normal tissues; in contrast, these gene transcripts were notably more abundant in malignant renal tumors and in the normal human embryonic kidney. These findings show that the thymosin beta 4 and beta 10 genes are constitutively expressed at higher levels in embryonic/neoplastic as compared to normal/benign tissues and that thymosin in beta 10 in particular may be a new molecular marker for renal-cell carcinoma as well as other malignancies.
A Magnetofluid Mechanical Model to Describe Rail–Armature Interface Phenomena

When an armature slides between a pair of rails under the influence of Lorentz forces, the material at the interface will experience steep increase in temperature due to frictional and Joule heating. Experiments show condensed metal deposits on the rail, which indicates melting of the interface layer. As the temperature increases, the interface material progressively changes phase from solid to liquid and later ionizes to become a plasma. The charge transport from the rail to the armature has to occur through this layer and, hence, the magnetofluid mechanics (MFM) of this layer will affect essential railgun parameters, such as the inductance gradient. Initially, the armature will translate as a solid body. As an interface layer liquefies (and later becomes plasma), it will translate with the armature; it will also experience rotational motion through shear at the wall and through magnetic stirring by the jtimesB forces. The velocity field will influence the railgun through viscous dissipation and through VtimesB fields. In order to analyze and understand these phenomena, a model is proposed here. The armature is assumed to translate with an interface layer composed of aluminum liquid. A 1-D diffusing field with closed-form expressions for the magnetic potentials, fields, and current densities is imposed, enabling calculation of the accelerations and velocities of the armature. The secondary flow induced in the interface layer composed of liquid aluminum due to shear at the wall is calculated using MFM equations. The viscous dissipations are calculated and compared to Joule heating
Blastomyces dermatitidis Yeast Lysate Antigen Combinations: Antibody Detection in Dogs with Blastomycosis

The systemic fungal infection, blastomycosis, which infects both humans and animals has presented a diagnostic challenge for clinicians for many years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast lysate antigens with respect to antibody detection in dogs with blastomycosis. Lysate antigens were prepared from B. dermatitidis isolates T-58 and T-66 (dogs, Tennessee) and WI-R and WI-J (dogs, Wisconsin). Based on results obtained from a preliminary comparative study, five combinations of these isolates and one individual isolate were tested against 92 serum specimens from dogs with culture-proven or histologically-confirmed blastomycosis, using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mean absorbance values obtained from the sera ranged from 0.905 with the individual T-58 antigen to 1.760 using an antigen combination (T-58 + T-66 + WI-R). All of the 6 antigenic preparations were able to detect antibody in the serum specimens, but the antigen combinations detected antibody to a higher degree than the individual antigen. This study provides evidence that combinations of the yeast lysate reagents seem to be more efficacious for antibody detection in dog sera, but our laboratory is continuing to evaluate antigen lysate combinations for detection of antibodies in blastomycosis.
Fast evaluation of electro-static interactions in multi-phase dielectric media

A method is presented for the rapid evaluation of electro-static interactions in a dielectric medium containing inclusions with different dielectric properties. The principal observation is that in environments where several potential evaluations are required for a fixed geometry, it is advantageous to precompute compressed representations of the inverses of certain operators. Numerical examples in two dimensions show a speed-up of a factor of 10-100 when compared to the fastest existing methods. Moreover, the method presented is based on direct (as opposed to iterative) techniques, making it preferable to existing methods in environments involving ill-conditioned problems.
Editorial on the Special Issue on Advanced Control of Electric Motor Drives

In APRIL 2013, a call was sent out to authors to propose papers for publication in the IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS (JESTPE) for a Special Issue on advanced control of electric motor drives. Seventy nine papers were received for review and 21 were accepted for publication. The accepted papers are broadly divided into four parts: 1) sensorless control of electric machines; 2) fault-resilient control strategies; 3) advanced motor control techniques; and 4) design and analysis of synchronous-type electric machines.
The Cell Processor Architecture

This talk will present the Cell processor, jointly developed by the STI (Sony-Toshiba-IBM) partnership. Cell is a non-homogeneous chip multiprocessor intended for general-purpose applications but with a particular emphasis on multimedia performance. The Cell processor combines a 64bit Power Architecture(TM) core with 8 Synergistic Processors. In many cases, it delivers more than an order of magnitude more performance than conventional PC processors. Cell achieves this performance and power efficiency improvement by a new division of labor between the Power core and the Synergistic Processors. Cell allows for a wide variety of programming models, a selection of which will be presented in this talk. We will end the talk by discussing some applications that seem to fit the Cell processor particularly well, and by indicating areas of further exploration.
Structural and temporal inference search (STIS): pattern identification in multimodal data

There are a multitude of annotated behavior corpora (manual and automatic annotations) available as research expands in multimodal analysis of human behavior. Despite the rich representations within these datasets, search strategies are limited with respect to the advanced representations and complex structures describing human interaction sequences. The relationships amongst human interactions are structural in nature. Hence, we present Structural and Temporal Inference Search (STIS) to support search for relevant patterns within a multimodal corpus based on the structural and temporal nature of human interactions. The user defines the structure of a behavior of interest driving a search focused on the characteristics of the structure. Occurrences of the structure are returned. We compare against two pattern mining algorithms purposed for pattern identification amongst sequences of symbolic data (e.g., sequence of events such as behavior interactions). The results are promising as STIS performs well with several datasets.
Deep Defect Relaxation in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon: New Experimental Evidence and Implications

We review modulated photocurrent experiments which indicate that thermal emission rate for Do defects in intrinsic samples varies in response to changes in the Fermi-level or quasi-Fermi position. This apparent shift in energy threshold is confirmed using time resolved sub-band-gap spectroscopy. We also demonstrate that such a variation of emission rate with changes in the Fermi-level position, if present within the depletion region near a barrier junction, is consistent with the details of the temperature dependence of the junction capacitance in intrinsic samples.
Randomized interpolation and approximation of sparse polynomials stPreliminary version

We present a randomized algorithm that interpolates a sparse polynomial in polynomial time in the bit complexity model. The algorithm can be also applied to approximate polynomials that can be approximated by sparse polynomials (the approximation is in the L2 norm).
Developing Positive Attitudes and Approaches When Working with Persons with Disabilities

More than ten percent of the population of North America have disabilities or chronic illnesses. Persons who acquire disabilities have many issues to face. Psychosocial adjustment can be difficult as they reconcile losses and explore strengths. Societal attitudes and policies create barriers to full functioning. Latter-day Saints with disabilities many face the additional challenge of reconciling spiritual beliefs with physical reality. This paper addresses the implications of disability and chronic illnesses with special attention to issues unique to Mormonism. Suggestions for professional intervention are provided.