cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Manufacturing Still Matter

Although employment in the manufacturing sector has declined over the past few decades, it continues to play an important role in many regions of the U.S. Most studies have not examined the spatial effects of manufacturing employment on regional job quality. In this paper, we consider the spatial dependence and spatial variation of this relationship in the Midwest. This analysis suggests that it is important to take into consideration spatial effects when examining the implications of economic restructuring for regions. Labor market areas are not distinct spatial units and can be influenced significantly by nearby local labor markets. Once that spatial dependence is considered, manufacturing has a negative and significant effect on underemployment by low earnings, but its effect is not significant in labor hardship associated with work time and steadiness. At the same time, our analysis demonstrates that the effects of manufacturing employment vary across local labor markets. More specifically, these findings suggest that in those areas in the Midwest that have historically had higher concentrations of manufacturing jobs, the benefits of working in this sector are smaller. In regions that have not had a large manu- facturing sector and have experienced some gains in recent years, the benefits of working in the manufacturing sector are larger.
Crayfish neuromuscular junction: Facilitation with constant nerve terminal potential

Nachweis, dass die Verbindung in neuromuskularen Synapsen des FlusskrebsesOrconectes virilis ohne Anderungen der Amplitude oder Dauer des extrazellular registrierten Nervenendpotentials ablauft. Durch Abkuhlen des Praparates auf 9°C gelang eine zeitliche Trennung der pra- und postsynaptischen elektrischen Aktivitaten.
Pair potentials at simple metal surfaces

Abstract Screened pair potentials at simple metal surfaces are treated within linear response theory. Quantum interference effects and terms that do not depend on the shape of the surface potential energy barrier are separated in a clear fashion.
Virtual community maintenance with a collaborative repository

Virtual communities, like all communities, require ongoing community maintenance activities. This paper presents an empirical study examining how a wiki repository was used to help overcome some of the community maintenance challenges common to help-based email list discussions. Specifically, we found that inclusion of off-topic but related content on the wiki enabled list members to keep the discussion on-topic while still addressing the needs of members. Offloading of repetitive and potentially contentious “holy war” debates to the wiki encouraged list members to summarize their arguments into a meaningful information product. The community's use of the wiki in helping answer frequently asked questions helped attract new members and helped them gain the knowledge they needed to comfortably contribute to the email list. It also helped active participants answer questions more efficiently and effectively by supporting the reuse of information. Finally, the wiki supported peripheral participation by new and former members. This study demonstrates that the architecture of information collections and information flows in an online community has a significant impact on the social processes related to community maintenance.
Image-quality characteristics of a film-screen system for chest radiology based on ultravision technology

As reported in an earlier paper, the characteristics of a film/screen system for chest radiology based on Du Pont's Ultra-VisionTM technology were initially designed by means of a digital model of the radiation transfer process. This film/screen system has now been made and its image quality characteristics are described and compared with model predictions.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An update of n -acetylcysteine treatment for acute acetaminophen toxicity in children

Purpose of review Acetaminophen poisoning accounts for a disproportionate percentage of all toxic ingestions, and can be life-threatening. This article reviews the mechanism and presentation of acetaminophen toxicity, as well as its treatment, including current thinking and treatment recommendations. Recent findings N-acetylcysteine acts to detoxify acetaminophen in several ways, but primarily by increasing the synthesis and availability of glutathione, which binds and inactivates the highly reactive and hepatotoxic acetaminophen metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved an intravenous formulation of N-acetylcysteine, thus allowing the treatment time to be decreased from the 72 hr most commonly used for the oral regimen, to only 20 hr. This comes after many years of accepted intravenous N-acetylcysteine use in Europe and Canada, and much controversy as to the superiority of both treatments. This review summarizes this controversy, and offers a framework to develop a safe treatment plan that has the optimal outcome for the patient, as well as reflecting knowledge of the potential caveats at work. It describes side effects of N-acetylcysteine treatment, as well as relative indications to choose one route of treatment over the other. Summary Acetaminophen can lead to irreversible liver damage and even death in acute overdose. Outcome is related to the swiftness in which the antidote (N-acetylcysteine) is provided. In the United States, there are now available both the oral and intravenous forms of N-acetylcysteine, and pros and cons exist for each. With brisk and adequate treatment using either route, recovery can be complete, and liver function can be restored.
Neighborhood Revitalization and the Practice of Evaluation in the United States: Developing a Margin Research Perspective:

The dominant framework of neighborhood revitalization in the United States that emerged in the 1990s is the comprehensive community‐building approach based on a “theory of change” model. This frame...
Comparison of Acute Neurobehavioral and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of N-Methylcarbamates in Rat

While the cholinesterase-inhibiting N-methyl carbamate pesticides have been widely used, there are few studies evaluating direct functional and biochemical consequences of exposure. In the present study of the acute toxicity of seven N-methyl carbamate pesticides, we evaluated the dose-response profiles of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition in brain and erythrocytes (RBCs) as well as motor activity (both horizontally and vertically directed) and clinical signs of overt toxicity. The chemicals tested were carbaryl, carbofuran, formetanate, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, and propoxur. All were administered orally, and rats were tested in 20-min activity sessions beginning 15 min after dosing; tissues were collected immediately after activity sessions. In general, motor activity was a sensitive measure of ChE inhibition for all these carbamate pesticides, and vertical activity showed the greatest magnitude of effect at the highest doses compared to either horizontal activity or ChE inhibition. Brain and RBC ChE activities were generally affected similarly. Pearson correlation coefficients of within-subject data showed good correlation between the behavioral and biochemical end points, with brain ChE inhibition and horizontal activity showing the highest correlation values. Determination of benchmark dose levels for 10% change in each end point also revealed that these two measures produced the lowest estimates. Thus, motor activity decreases are highly predictive of ChE inhibition for N-methyl carbamates, and vice versa.
Pregnancy outcomes in two growth restricted fetuses with in utero cerebral lactate

Elevated cerebral lactate is increasingly detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the human fetus diagnosed with various pathologic conditions. However, the significance of detectable cerebral lactate remains uncertain. We present two cases of fetal cerebral lactate with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Burial of agricultural byproducts in the deep sea as a form of carbon sequestration: A preliminary experiment

Abstract Various methods that rely on new or undeveloped technologies, or that require large amounts of capital and energy, have been proposed for removal of CO 2 from the atmosphere. Of the methods that take advantage of the Earth's natural cycles, the approach of sequestering terrigenous agricultural byproducts in deep sea sediments has received little attention. To evaluate the potential of crop residue sequestration in deep sea sediments, a controlled 700 day incubation experiment was conducted where crop residues (soy stalk, maize stover, and alder wood chips) were added to deep sea hemipelagic sediments. An initial pulse of remineralization lasting 1 week oxidized less than 1% of the added material. Thereafter, remineralization rate constants for terrestrial materials (avg k = 0.004 y −1 ) were more than two orders of magnitude slower than for marine planktonic material incubated separately ( k = 3.0 y −1 ). Over the 2-year incubation, soy residue was least remineralized (3%) with stover (6%) and wood (8%) also showing little remineralization compared to marine plankton (19%). Lignin losses were impacted by sediment redox condition, with the greatest degradation of lignin occurring under oxic conditions, but degradation of lignin continued under suboxic conditions for the maize treatment. Model fits to the data are consistent with the hypothesis that sequestration of terrestrial crop residues in the deep sea could effectively remove this material from the active carbon cycle. Implementation of crop residue ocean permanent sequestration (CROPS) could potentially remove as much as 15% of the current annual anthropogenic burden of CO 2 to the atmosphere. This idea, while unsavory, might represent a viable tool in the fight against the rise of atmospheric CO 2 .
Beyond NomBank: A Study of Implicit Arguments for Nominal Predicates

Despite its substantial coverage, NomBank does not account for all within-sentence arguments and ignores extra-sentential arguments altogether. These arguments, which we call implicit, are important to semantic processing, and their recovery could potentially benefit many NLP applications. We present a study of implicit arguments for a select group of frequent nominal predicates. We show that implicit arguments are pervasive for these predicates, adding 65% to the coverage of NomBank. We demonstrate the feasibility of recovering implicit arguments with a supervised classification model. Our results and analyses provide a baseline for future work on this emerging task.
Quantitative Fecal Lactoferrin in Toxin-Positive and Toxin-Negative Clostridium difficile Specimens

Quantitative fecal lactoferrin was measured in 112 patients tested for toxigenic Clostridium difficile using glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin immunoassays combined with tcdB PCR. Lactoferrin levels were higher in the GDH-positive/toxin-positive group (79 μg/ml) than in the GDH-positive/toxin-negative/PCR-positive (21 μg/ml) and the GDH-negative groups (13 μg/ml). Differences in fecal lactoferrin levels suggest variable presence or severity of C. difficile infection among toxin-positive and toxin-negative patients.
Distribution of bacterial proteins in biofilms formed by non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae.

The ability to preserve the fragile ultrastructural organization of bacterial biofilms using cryo-preparation methods for electron microscopy has enabled us to probe sections through non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) biofilms and determine the localization of NTHi-specific lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and proteins within these structures. Some of the proteins we examined are currently being considered as candidates for vaccine development, so it is important that their distribution and accessibility within the biofilms formed by NTHi be determined. We have localized LOS to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the biofilm and the P6 outer membrane protein to the membrane of what appear to be viable bacteria within the biofilm. The Hap and HWM1/HMW2 adhesive proteins were associated with bacteria within the biofilm and were present in the biofilm ECM. The IgA1 protease is a secreted protein that was also associated with NTHi in the biofilm and was in the ECM, but was more concentrated in the top region o...
Effects of environmental and occupational pesticide exposure on human sperm: a systematic review

Relatively recent discoveries of the hormone disrupting properties of some pesticides have raised interest in how contemporary pesticide exposures, which primarily take the form of low level environmental or occupational exposures, impact spermatogenesis. The objective of the present review was to summarize results to date of studies examining pesticide effects on human sperm. Outcomes evaluated included sperm parameters, DNA damage and numerical chromosome aberrations (aneuploidy (disomy, nullisomy) or diploidy). Studies investigating sperm in men environmentally and/or occupationally exposed to any types of pesticides were included in the review. The targeted literature search over the last 15 years showed a range of pesticide classes have been investigated including pyrethroids, organophosphates, phenoxyacetic acids, carbamates, organochlorines and pesticide mixtures. None of the studies involved acute exposure events such as chemical accidents. There were 20 studies evaluating semen quality, of which 13 studies reported an association between exposure and semen quality; 6 studies evaluating DNA damage, of which 3 reported an association with exposure; and 6 studies assessing sperm aneuploidy or diploidy, of which 4 reported an association with exposure. Studies varied widely in methods, exposures and outcomes. Although suggestive for semen parameters, the epidemiologic evidence accumulated thus far remains equivocal as to the spermatotoxic and aneugenic potential of pesticides given the small number of published studies. This question warrants more investigation and suggestions for future studies are outlined.
Crystal structure of an RNA octamer duplex r(CCCIUGGG)2 incorporating tandem I·U wobbles

The crystal structure of the RNA octamer duplex r(CCCIUGGG)2has been elucidated at 2.5 A resolution. The crystals belong to the space group P21and have unit cell constants a = 33.44 A, b = 43.41 A, c = 49.39 A and beta = 104.7 degrees with three independent duplexes (duplexes 1-3) in the asymmetric unit. The structure was solved by the molecular replacement method and refined to an Rwork/Rfree of 0.185/0.243 using 3765 reflections between 8.0 and 2.5 A. This is the first report of an RNA crystal structure incorporating I.U wobbles and three molecules in the asymmetric unit. Duplex 1 displays a kink of 24 degrees between the mismatch sites, while duplexes 2 and 3 have two kinks each of 19 degrees and 27 degrees, and 24 degrees and 29 degrees, respectively, on either side of the tandem mismatches. At the I.U/U.I mismatch steps, duplex 1 has a twist angle of 33.9 degrees, close to the average for all base pair steps, but duplexes 2 and 3 are underwound, with twist angles of 24.4 degrees and 26.5 degrees, respectively. The tandem I.U wobbles show intrastrand purine-pyrimidine stacking but exhibit interstrand purine-purine stacking with the flanking C.G pairs. The three independent duplexes are stacked non-coaxially in a head-to-tail fashion to form infinite pseudo-continuous helical columns which form intercolumn hydrogen bonding interactions through the 2'-hydroxyl groups where the minor grooves come together.
FPGA-based fine-grain parallel computing (abstract only)

FPGAs are increasing in computing power at a significant rate while the non-recurring engineering costs and time-to-market remain significant lower than those for application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), encouraging FPGAs to be used in areas previous dominated by ASICs. In this study, we examine the appropriateness of FPGAs for high-performance, low-volume prodution parallel computing by mapping an existing ASIC-based massively parallel single-instruction, multiple data (SIMD) computer, the UCSC Kestrel, to a variety of FPGAs. The design has a raw peak performance of over 187 billion 8-bit operations per second (OPS), 48 times faster than the original ASIC-based Kestrel, using a Xilinx Virtex-6, and a cost efficiency of up to 81 MOPS/$ using a Xilinx Spartan-3. We also show that we can implement the entire original Kestrel (512 processing elements) as a system on a single programmable chip.
Microfluidic fuel cell based on laminar flow

This paper discusses a novel microfluidic fuel cell concept that utilizes the occurrence of multi-stream laminar flow at the microscale to keep the fuel and oxidant streams separated yet in diffusional contact. The system consists of a Y-shaped microfluidic channel in which two liquid streams containing fuel and oxidant merge and continue to flow laminarly in parallel between two catalyst-covered electrodes on opposing walls without turbulent mixing. Preliminary results indicate that this novel fuel cell concept may lead to the development of efficient room temperature power sources of microscopic dimensions that are comparable or better in performance than conventional polymer–electrolyte-membrane based microfuel cells that typically operate between 60 and 80 ◦ C. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
HIV Pathogenesis: Dynamics and Genetics of Viral Populations and Infected Cells

In the absence of treatment, HIV-1 infection, usually starting with a single virion, leads inexorably to a catastrophic decline in the numbers of CD4+ T cells and to AIDS, characterized by numerous opportunistic infections as well as other symptoms, including dementia and wasting. In the 30 years since the AIDS pandemic came to our attention, we have learned a remarkable amount about HIV-1, the responsible virus—the molecular details about how it functions and interacts with the host cell, its evolution within the host, and the countermeasures it has evolved to overcome host defenses against viral infection. Despite these advances, we remain remarkably ignorant about how HIV-1 infection leads to disease and the death of the human host. In this brief article, we introduce and discuss important lessons that we have learned by examining the dynamics of viral populations and infected cells. These studies have revealed important features of the virus–host interaction that now form the basis of our understanding of the importance and consequence of ongoing viral replication during HIV-1 infection.
Transport eigenvalue problems—Effect of order of approximation and step size on solution accuracy

Sur l'exemple d'un probleme de valeur limite, on montre que la precision des calculs d'un probleme de valeur propre depend de l'ordre d'approximation de l'equation differentielle et de la taille de l'echelon choisie
Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Dialysis in Severe Sepsis

Rationale: Understanding the changing incidence and impact of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis in patients with severe sepsis will allow better risk stratification, design of clinical trials, and guide resource allocation.Objectives: To assess the longitudinal incidence of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and its impact on mortality in patients with severe sepsis.Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adults (≥20 yr) hospitalized with severe sepsis from 2000 to 2009 in the United States using a nationally representative database.Measurements and Main Results: We calculated the incidences of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and mortality over time. We used linear regression to assess temporal trends. We used logistic regression to estimate the odds of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis and mortality. Of the estimated 5,257,907 hospitalizations with severe sepsis, 6.1% had acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. The odds of acquiring acute kidney injury requiring dialysis increased by ...
A knowledge-based expert system for automatic visual VLSI reverse-engineering: VLSI layout version

This paper presents a method of knowledge representation for very large scale integration (VLSI) chip design which provides the necessary information for abstraction from the physical design to gate-level logic through a high-level behavioral model. The representation scheme used by the ANTISTROFEAS system utilizes a hierarchical attributed graph structure which consists of incrementally abstracted design information for the VLSI system. This method of knowledge representation is well-suited to reverse-engineering of VLSI chips from the layer mask layout data, but is also applicable to applications at many levels of the design process including design rule checking, logic synthesis, design verification, and partitioning-compaction problems. The representation scheme is applicable to any VLSI technology, and is designed to take advantage of artificial intelligence. expert system techniques, by disassociating the representation and manipulation of the VLSI design data from the rules which govern its correctness and transformation for other usage.
Cortical reconstruction using implicit surface evolution: A landmark validation study

abstract A validation study was conducted to assess the accuracy of an algorithm developed for automatic reconstruction of the cerebral cortex from T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. Manually selected landmarks on different sulcal regions throughout the cortex were used to analyze the accuracy of three reconstructed nested surfaces – the inner, central, and pial surfaces. We conclude that the algorithm can find these surfaces with subvoxel accuracy, typically with an accuracy of one third of a voxel, although this varies by brain region and cortical geometry. Parameters were adjusted on the basis of this analysis in order to improve the algorithm’s overall performance.
Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The diagnosis and treatment of acute exacerbations (AEs) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is controversial. In this section, we review (1) the epidemiology of this condition; (2) the etiology--many patients with AECOPD are thought to have a combination of viral and bacterial infections, which contribute to their exacerbation. Bacterial organisms are isolated more commonly after viral infections in patients with COPD. The role that bacterial infections play in AECOPD remains a very controversial topic; (3) the use of diagnostic procedures; (4) efficacy of antibiotics; (5) clinical parameters to stratify patients' severity; (6) different groups of antibiotics that can be used; and (7) other therapies, including bronchodilators. We summarize the current literature, with special emphasis on the assessment of the long-term impact of this condition.
Environmental Sensitivity to Trichloroethylene (TCE) in the Developing Heart

Epidemiological reports first suggested a specific teratogenicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) in drinking water but due to other potential contaminants, uncertain exposure levels and selection of controls, these reports were controversial. Early animal studies explored the effects of high doses of TCE on heart development and a drinking water model was established that showed the ability of TCE to produce cardiac malformations. However, these doses were well above typical levels of environmental exposure and the significance of TCE as a cardiac teratogen remained controversial. Using molecular and functional measures of cardiac development, several laboratories began to examine the effects of TCE in animal models at relevant exposure levels. This work demonstrated a non-monotonic dose response where significantly more effects on gene expression and cardiac function were seen just above the current maximum contamination level (5 parts per billion) than at much higher dose levels. An examination of early heart valve formation showed that formation of valve progenitors was impaired. Molecular studies pointed towards changes in expression of several muscle genes involved in calcium homeostasis and myocardial contraction. Further studies showed that calcium-mediated contraction in the heart was impaired and that this corresponded to changes in intracellular calcium flux and cardiac output. To explore the non-monotonic dose curve, expression of phase I metabolic enzymes were examined. The early heart was found to be a specific site of cytochrome p450 expression prior to the development of the liver and CYP2C expression was elevated with TCE exposure. Surprisingly, the CYP expression pattern replicated the non-monotonic dose response and did not explain it. This suggests that a metabolite of TCE is likely to be the teratogen. To explore the teratogenicity of TCE, microarray data from exposed chick hearts were analyzed by utilization of interactome analysis. This analysis identified a subset of highly-linked genes that were perturbed by TCE exposure. The most centrally linked gene in the interactome was the transcription factor HNF4a. Though not previously known in the heart, HNF4a expression was confirmed. Its level of expression was unchanged with TCE exposure but its level of phosphorylation was altered. Ongoing studies are investigating the hypothesis that HNF4a is a proximal target of TCE exposure and that misregulation of gene expression by this transcription factor is a significant mediator of congenital heart defects produced by TCE.
Green and Blue Lasers are Ineffective for Dispersing Deer at Night

Abstract Over-abundant populations of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) create agricultural and human health and safety issues. The increased economic damage associated with locally overabundant deer populations accentuates the need for efficient techniques to mitigate the losses. Although red lasers can be an efficient tool for reducing damage caused by birds, they are not effective for deer because deer cannot detect wavelengths in the red portion of the spectrum. No research has been conducted to determine if lasers of lower wavelengths could function as frightening devices for deer. We evaluated a green laser (534 nm, 120 mW) and 2 models of blue lasers (473 nm, 5 mW and 15 mW) to determine their efficacy in dispersing deer at night. Deer were no more likely to flee during a green or blue laser encounter than during control encounters. The green and blue lasers we tested did not frighten deer.
Kurt Schneiders Versuch der Umgehung des dritten Wahnkriteriums

Nicht nur im Bereich der transkulturellen Psychiatrie bereitet das dritte Jasperssche Wahnkriterium Schwierigkeiten.
Double binds and double blinds: evaluation tactics in critically oriented HCI

Critically oriented researchers within Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) have fruitfully intersected design and critical analysis to engage users and designers in reflection on underlying values, assumptions and dominant practices in technology. To successfully integrate this work within the HCI community, critically oriented researchers have tactically engaged with dominant practices within HCI in the design and evaluation of their work. This paper draws attention to the ways that tactical engagement with aspects of HCI evaluation methodology shapes and bears consequences for critically oriented research. We reflect on three of our own experiences evaluating critically oriented designs and trace challenges that we faced to the ways that sensibilities about generalizable knowledge are manifested in HCI evaluation methodology. Drawing from our own experiences, as well as other influential critically oriented design projects in HCI, we articulate some of the trade-offs involved in consciously adopting or not adopting certain normative aspects of HCI evaluation. We argue that some forms of this engagement can hamstring researchers from pursuing their intended research goals and have consequences beyond specific research projects to affect the normative discourse in the field as a whole.
In vivo myocyte sodium activity and concentration during hemorrhagic shock

The increase in intracellular Na+ concentration ([ Na+]i) and H2O content and decrease in K+ concentration during hemorrhagic shock have been observed. However, the state of the increased [Na+]i has never been defined. In this investigation double-barreled Na(+)-selective microelectrodes were used to directly measure in vivo intracellular Na+ activity (alpha Na) in skeletal muscle cells during prolonged hemorrhagic shock. Resting membrane potential, [Na+]i, and H2O content were also studied concomitantly. Sustained hemorrhagic shock with metabolic acidosis was produced in 12 rabbits after removal of approximately 40% of estimated blood volume under light anesthesia. During prolonged shock, resting membrane potentials of skeletal muscle cells depolarized to -74.7 +/- 1.7 mV from a base-line value of -92.6 +/- 0.4 mV. [Na+]i increased to 14.22 +/- 0.45 mmol/l from a base-line value of 11.50 +/- 0.32 mmol/l. Intracellular H2O content also had a 2.2% increase, whereas levels of [K+]i and extracellular H2O content decreased significantly. However, alpha i(Na) remained unchanged (4.07 +/- 0.19 mmol/l in base line and 4.04 +/- 0.20 mmol/l during shock). This makes the intracellular apparent activity coefficient for Na+ fall significantly from 0.356 in base line to 0.286 during shock. This result indicates that the extra Na+ that diffused into cell because of membrane dysfunction was bound to the fixed charges and/or compartmentalized into subcellular organelles. The unchanged alpha i(Na) also indicates that the depolarization of resting membrane potentials during sustained severe hypovolemia was not caused by the increased [Na+]i. The increase in extracellular [K+] during shock could account for the fall of the resting membrane potentials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Two Pluralisms Under the Third Rome

This article applies Berger’s new paradigm for religion in a pluralist age to the case of Russia, a society that underwent 70 years forced secularization and yet today displays great religious diversity. The analysis rests upon two major assumptions. The first is that of “multiple secularities,” meaning that societies that arrive at secularity may arrive there from very different points of departure and by following very different secularization paths, and the particular paths taken are of considerable consequence. Second is the assumption that Russia’s history of forced secularization continues to have profound implications on all aspects of the sacred and the secular in Russia today. This is explored in the areas of church-state relations; religious belief; religion and national identity; and the implications of these on what Berger calls “formulas for peace.” Throughout the analysis, Berger’s theory proves quite valuable and offers several useful lenses through which to view the relationship between the sacred and the secular in today’s Russia.
As–As Bond Formation via Reductive Elimination from a Zirconocene Bis(dimesitylarsenide) Compound

A new zirconocene bis(arsenide) derivative, Cp2Zr(AsMes2)2 (1; Cp = cyclopentadienyl, Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl), has been prepared by the metathetical reaction of 2 equiv of LiAsMes2 with Cp2ZrCl2 and structurally characterized. Efforts to prepare Cp2ZrCl(AsMes2) (2) by reaction of 1 equiv of LiAsMes2 with Cp2ZrCl2 yielded a mixture of products that could not be separated, including 1 and 2, as identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1 thermally decomposes with formation of As2Mes4, suggestive of reductive elimination to form an As–As bond. Further evidence for reductive elimination comes from effective interception of a putative zirconium(II) intermediate with diphenylacetylene to give Cp2Zr(C4Ph4).
Ovarian pregnancy with a report of three cases.

Abstract Three examples of ovarian pregnancy are presented, each of which fulfills the criteria necessary for making such a diagnosis. From the clinical standpoint, one of them presented a diagnostic problem, while the other two presented findings which readily permitted a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, and one was an extremely acute case, with extensive intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Cases 2 and 3 represent an unusually early rupture. Study of the specimens revealed in two of them well-developed corpora lutea adjacent to the pregnancy, the so-called juxtafollicular implantation, but whether this was preceded by fertilization in the actual follicle or on the surface of the ovary, it is, of course, impossible to say at the present time. The well-developed and intact corpora lutea so close to the pregnancy rather suggest fertilization in the follicle, followed by rapid invasion of the underlying ovarian stroma. In none of the specimens was any decidual reaction noted. The fate of the ovum in ovarian pregnancy is comparable to that which takes place in other forms of extrauterine pregnancy; namely, development for a period of time, with associated erosion of the adjacent tissues and eventual rupture, with sometimes slight and sometimes severe symptoms. While we have not encountered an example, it is interesting to note that a higher percentage of ovarian pregnancies proceed to term than is the case with tubal pregnancy, this being no doubt due to the more resistant type of tissue in which the pregnancy is embedded.
Phénomènes limites: Un essai sur l'ambiguïté de la nature

Au lieu de soutenir que la nature est un ensemble de phenomenes sui generis interrelies, cet article explore l'idee de la nature comme manifestation d'une frontiere existentielle entre ce qui peut et ce qui ne peut pas etre apprehende, choisi et controle directement par l'action humaine ou l'agence. Par le biais d'exemples ethnographiques, de reflexions personnelles et de digressions theoriques, cet article revele que les seuils instables entre l'eigenwelt, le mitwelt et l'umwelt sont des lieux d'oscillations incessantes, ambivalentes et fâcheuses entre les facons d'etre passives et actives de meme qu'entre la vie et la mort.
Pursuing doctrinal common ground

The previous chapter proposes that a regulative approach to doctrine provides an effective way of identifying Christian intercommunal continuity. In this chapter, I will test that proposal by using rule theory to adjudicate between two specific constructive theological proposals which are apparently at a doctrinal impasse. This issue brings us to the perimeter of the methodological territory within which I have been moving in this book. Traversing those borders is highly appropriate because it allows us to get a sense of how the kinds of methodological issues discussed so far can have a positive impact on clarifying actual doctrinal disputes. Specifically, I will focus on Stanley Hauerwas's criticisms of Gutierrez's concept of liberation. There are two reasons why it is illuminating to recast this postliberal–liberation theological debate. First, his critique of Gutierrez seems to have left the impression that there are few points of significant doctrinal common ground between the two movements. This impression merits serious review in light of the way postliberal theology has evolved in the years following the publication of Lindbeck's The Nature of Doctrine and in light of the intermovement methodological compatibilities we have seen in previous chapters. It is not a stretch of the imagination to envision constructive theological exchange between postliberals and liberationists holding promise for both – even assuming that materially different theological formulations will arise due, in part, to their involvement with such different socio-religious contexts. Second, since liberation theology's widening dissemination in North Atlantic theological and ecclesial circles in the past decade, it has been the subject of numerous critical evaluations, which Hauerwas's views to some extent reflect.
Do material weaknesses in information technology-related internal controls affect firms' 8-K filing timeliness and compliance?

Form 8-K reporting represents a different (and relatively unknown) information environment than annual 10-K filings. The current study takes advantage of a unique, comprehensive sample of 118,863 8-K filing event observations to investigate the association between firms' Form 8-K reporting timeliness/compliance with required reporting deadlines and their internal control weaknesses. In addition, the study investigates the association between firms' 8-K reporting and their information technology (IT) related internal control weaknesses. Overall, we find strong and robust evidence of a negative relation between the likelihood of the firm reporting a material internal control weakness and the timeliness and compliance of the firms' 8-K filings. We also find distinguishing effects of weaknesses involving IT-related controls. Given recent interest in IT-related controls and far-reaching reforms with stated objectives of improving disclosure timeliness, increasing the quality of internal controls and improving the quality of accounting information, we believe our results provide insights to accounting information systems academics, regulators, accounting standard setters and other interested observers.
Unspoken Politics: Implicit Attitudes and Political Thinking

This book explains why people acquire implicit attitudes, how they affect political thinking, and where in the mass public they have their strongest - and weakest - influences. A theoretically ambitious book, Unspoken Politics establishes that implicit attitudes exist outside the tightly controlled confines of the laboratory, showing that they emerge in a public opinion survey setting, which underlines their real-world impact. It also lays bare, in painstaking detail, the mechanics of a leading measure of implicit attitudes, the implicit association test (IAT). Accordingly, it outlines the strengths and limitations of this measure, while providing an illustration of how to develop an IAT for one's own purposes. By explaining how to analyze and interpret the data produced by the IAT, this book leads to a better understanding of people's unspoken cognitions and the impacts these have on the politics that individuals openly profess.
A Process for Usability Testing of Lifesaving Equipment

Usability for any product, and especially for a lifesaving device, is critical in that the users will be interacting with the device in a highly stressful and complex environment. This study examined self- contained breathing apparatus (SCBAs) and conducted a usability assessment of these SCBAs with refill stations as it pertains to mine escape. Data was collected examining three usability topic areas (effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction) and eight constructs within these topic areas (completeness, accuracy, time requirements, overall satisfaction, discomfort, ease of use, system performance, and user preference). This paper documents the usability framework adopted and the methodology used to answer the research questions of the study and includes sample results and discussion. The methodology presented can be modified and used to test other lifesaving technologies to compare the usability of the devices and to estimate the ability of the devices to function as expected in a lifesaving situation.
Image fusion with perfect reconstruction DFT/RDFT filter banks and DWT

We present a perfect reconstruction DFT/RDFT filter bank algorithm and its application in image fusion in comparison to and in conjunction with the DWT method. In order to achieve perfect reconstruction, it is necessary to modify the input signal slightly with an invertible transformation only when the number of data points is divisible by 4. In image fusion application investigated, a SPOT panchromatic image is fused with a corresponding SPOT multispectral image with three bands. For this purpose, the approximation subband of the multispectral image is merged with the detail subbands of the panchromatic image. The fused image is recovered from the subband images by the perfect reconstruction algorithm. The RDFT and DWT results are comparable. By fusing the two together with another algorithm, better results are obtained
Rituximab and Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan Radioimmunotherapy May Be Feasible Options in Patients with Low-Grade Lymphoma of the Orbit.

Objective: To report a cohort of patients with lymphoid tumors of the orbit, including 1 with benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit whose disease responded to immunotherapy with rituximab alone or rituximab followed by Zevalin (yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan) radioimmunotherapy. Methods: Between October 2002 and January 2005, 8 patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 1 with benign lymphoid hyperplasia of the orbit were treated with monoclonal antibodies against CD20. Five patients with low-grade lymphoma of the orbit (3 with follicular B cell or 2 with MALT) received rituximab followed by yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan, 2 patients with low-grade orbital lymphoma (1 with follicular B-cell and the other with small lymphocytic lymphoma) and 1 patient with benign lymphoid hyperplasia received rituximab alone. Three out of the 5 patients who received yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan were part of a prospective trial evaluating the efficacy of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan for low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the orbit; the other 2 had been treated in other open label trials at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. For each patient, clinical records and imaging studies were reviewed to establish the diagnosis and document response. Results: Three men and 5 women in this cohort were between the age of 23 and 83 years old (median age, 63 years). Of the 7 patients with orbital lymphoma, 4 had stage IE and the other 3 had stage IVE, and 6 had previously untreated disease. All 8 patients experienced resolution of the orbital tumor in response to treatment with monoclonal antibodies against CD20. Follow-up time ranged from 6 months to 32 months (mean, 12 months) after completion of immunotherapy. There were no serious systemic or ocular side effects during the study period. The most commonly experienced side effect was mild fatigue. All 5 patients treated with yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan had transient pancytopenia, which normalized as expected within 3 months after treatment. One patient who received yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan developed shingles 6 weeks after treatment. There were no sequelae from this infection, which resolved with the usual course of oral antiviral therapy. Conclusions: Rituximab and yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan may be considered as alternative treatment modalities to external beam radiation therapy for low-grade B-cell follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or MALT of the orbit. Systemic targeted immunotherapy may potentially have the advantage of lower rate of distant (out-of-field) relapse and less ocular toxicity compared with external beam radiotherapy; these potential advantages would have to be verified in long-term studies and in larger numbers of patients.
PF4 Promotes Platelet Production and Lung Cancer Growth

Co-option of host components by solid tumors facilitates cancer progression and can occur in both local tumor microenvironments and remote locations. At present, the signals involved in long-distance communication remain insufficiently understood. Here, we identify platelet factor 4 (PF4, CXCL4) as an endocrine factor whose overexpression in tumors correlates with decreased overall patient survival. Furthermore, engineered PF4 over-production in a Kras-driven lung adenocarcinoma genetic mouse model expanded megakaryopoiesis in bone marrow, augmented platelet accumulation in lungs, and accelerated de novo adenocarcinogenesis. Additionally, anti-platelet treatment controlled mouse lung cancer progression, further suggesting that platelets can modulate the tumor microenvironment to accelerate tumor outgrowth. These findings support PF4 as a cancer-enhancing endocrine signal that controls discrete aspects of bone marrow hematopoiesis and tumor microenvironment and that should be considered as a molecular target in anticancer therapy.
Soluble FLT1 Gene Therapy Alleviates Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Severity.

Background and Purpose— Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is an important risk factor for intracranial hemorrhage. Current therapies are associated with high morbidities. Excessive vascular endothelial growth factor has been implicated in bAVM pathophysiology. Because soluble FLT1 binds to vascular endothelial growth factor with high affinity, we tested intravenous delivery of an adeno-associated viral vector serotype-9 expressing soluble FLT1 (AAV9-sFLT1) to alleviate the bAVM phenotype. Methods— Two mouse models were used. In model 1, bAVM was induced in R26CreER; Eng 2f/2f mice through global Eng gene deletion and brain focal angiogenic stimulation; AAV2-sFLT02 (an AAV expressing a shorter form of sFLT1) was injected into the brain at the time of model induction, and AAV9-sFLT1, intravenously injected 8 weeks after. In model 2, SM22αCre; Eng 2f/2f mice had a 90% occurrence of spontaneous bAVM at 5 weeks of age and 50% mortality at 6 weeks; AAV9-sFLT1 was intravenously delivered into 4- to 5-week-old mice. Tissue samples were collected 4 weeks after AAV9-sFLT1 delivery. Results— AAV2-sFLT02 inhibited bAVM formation, and AAV9-sFLT1 reduced abnormal vessels in model 1 (GFP versus sFLT1: 3.66±1.58/200 vessels versus 1.98±1.29, P P Conclusions— By applying a regulated mechanism to restrict sFLT1 expression to bAVM, AAV9-sFLT1 can potentially be developed into a safer therapy to reduce the bAVM severity.
Cellular mechanisms of cyclophosphamide-induced taste loss in mice.

Many commonly prescribed chemotherapy drugs such as cyclophosphamide (CYP) have adverse side effects including disruptions in taste which can result in loss of appetite, malnutrition, poorer recovery and reduced quality of life. Previous studies in mice found evidence that CYP has a two-phase disturbance in taste behavior: a disturbance immediately following drug administration and a second which emerges several days later. In this study, we examined the processes by which CYP disturbs the taste system by examining the effects of the drug on taste buds and cells responsible for taste cell renewal using immunohistochemical assays. Data reported here suggest CYP has direct cytotoxic effects on lingual epithelium immediately following administration, causing an early loss of taste sensory cells. Types II and III cells in fungiform taste buds appear to be more susceptible to this effect than circumvallate cells. In addition, CYP disrupts the population of rapidly dividing cells in the basal layer of taste epithelium responsible for taste cell renewal, manifesting a disturbance days later. The loss of these cells temporarily retards the system’s capacity to replace Type II and Type III taste sensory cells that survived the cytotoxic effects of CYP and died at the end of their natural lifespan. The timing of an immediate, direct loss of taste cells and a delayed, indirect loss without replacement of taste sensory cells are broadly congruent with previously published behavioral data reporting two periods of elevated detection thresholds for umami and sucrose stimuli. These findings suggest that chemotherapeutic disturbances in the peripheral mechanisms of the taste system may cause dietary challenges at a time when the cancer patient has significant need for well balanced, high energy nutritional intake.