cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
123s and ABCs: developmental shifts in logarithmic-to-linear responding reflect fluency with sequence values.

When placing numbers along a number line with endpoints 0 and 1000, children generally space numbers logarithmically until around the age of 7, when they shift to a predominantly linear pattern of responding. This developmental shift of responding on the number placement task has been argued to be indicative of a shift in the format of the underlying representation of number (Siegler & Opfer, 2003). In the current study, we provide evidence from both child and adult participants to suggest that performance on the number placement task may not reflect the structure of the mental number line, but instead is a function of the fluency (i.e. ease) with which the individual can work with the values in the sequence. In Experiment 1, adult participants respond logarithmically when placing numbers on a line with less familiar anchors (1639 to 2897), despite linear responding on control tasks with standard anchors involving a similar range (0 to 1287) and a similar numerical magnitude (2000 to 3000). In Experiment 2, we show a similar developmental shift in childhood from logarithmic to linear responding for a non-numerical sequence with no inherent magnitude (the alphabet). In conclusion, we argue that the developmental trend towards linear behavior on the number line task is a product of successful strategy use and mental fluency with the values of the sequence, resulting from familiarity with endpoints and increased knowledge about general ordering principles of the sequence. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zg5Q2LIFk3M
Circadian Clock Regulation of pH in the Rabbit Retina

Although it is generally accepted that the acid-base ratio of tissue, as represented by the pH, is strictly regulated to maintain normal function, recent studies in the mammalian nervous system have shown that neuronal activity can result in significant shifts in pH. In the mammalian retina, many cellular phenomena, including neuronal activity, are regulated by a circadian clock. We thus investigated whether a clock regulates retinal pH, using pH-sensitive microelectrodes to measure the extracellular pH (pH(o)) of the in vitro rabbit retina in the subjective day and night, that is, under conditions of constant darkness. These measurements demonstrated that a circadian clock regulates the pH(o) of the rabbit retina so that the pH(o) is lower at night than in the day. This day/night difference in retinal pH(o) was observed when the rabbits were maintained on a normal light/dark cycle and after they were maintained on a light/dark cycle that was phase-delayed by 9 hr. Continuous recordings of retinal pH(o) around subjective dusk indicated that the change from daytime to nighttime pH(o) is relatively fast and suggested that the clock that regulates pH(o) is located in the retina. The lowest pH(o) recorded in the retina in both the day and night was in the vicinity of the inner segments of photoreceptor cells, supporting the idea that photoreceptors serve as the primary source of protons. The circadian-induced shift in pH(o) was several times greater than light-induced pH(o) changes. These findings suggest that a circadian clock in the mammalian retina regulates retinal pH.
La relation complexe entre clientélisme et démocratie

Si le clientelisme, l’achat de votes, le patronage et les autres echanges personnels de meme nature ont des repercussions negatives sur la democratie, la chaine de causalite n’est pas unidirectionnelle. Dans maintes democraties en emergence, la precarite des assises du regime et la reactivite erratique du gouvernement dans des economies stagnantes incitent les politiciens et les electeurs a recourir aux echanges personnels. Or, lorsque les acteurs s’en remettent aux echanges personnels pour combler les breches dans la representation et la reactivite, ils choisissent des methodes qui vont a l’encontre de la consolidation des institutions democratiques, sans toutefois accepter l’asservissement a l’autorite. La dynamique des echanges personnels accompagne des changements sociopolitiques de plus grande envergure et ces echanges sont plus ou moins negociables et participatifs, selon le contexte. La presente etude vise a examiner cette dynamique au moyen de l’etude du cas de la ville de Mexico, ou les gouvernements du Parti revolutionnaire democratique (PRD) et leurs electeurs s’emploient a promouvoir la democratie et l’egalite, tout en se livrant a des echanges personnels.
The effect of flow properties on filler settling of underfill in the flip chip package

As the bump diameter and bump pitch of flip chip packages get smaller, the underfill becomes more resistant to flow. It is also necessary for the underfill to have low viscosity. High throughput also requires the underfill to have low viscosity. Problems associated with low viscosity underfills include filler settling and flow induced voids due to fast edge flow. In this paper, we discuss how the rheological properties can affect underfill filler settling and flow voids. The viscosities of several underfill materials were measured at both room and dispensing temperatures. The effects of yield stress of underfill on filler settling, and shear thickening of underfill at large shear rate on underfill flow voids, were investigated. SEM and CSAM were used to study the filler settling and flow voids. It was shown that the underfills with small fillers have shear-thickening viscosity and yield stress. The filler settling of underfill with a yield stress was greatly reduced. The flow voids were also reduced for underfill with shear-thickening viscosity.
Our Lady of Guanganmen

The early decades of the twentieth century in China saw the rise of many movements calling for both reform and revolution. These movements touched all facets of society, from military training colleges to private art schools. The field of art was one domain where the role of China’s great cultural tradition clashed with the reformers’ desire for modernization in all things. The Catholic Church in China was also undergoing much change as it strove to be more representative of the millions of Chinese in its midst, even as this brought the church communities into conflict with the wishes of the foreign missionaries leading them. Higher education was one area in which this reform of the church took place, with the art department of the Catholic University of Peking, Furen University, being influential in the expression of such reform. Graduates and teachers of this art department active at a workshop in the Beijing district of Guanganmen sought to develop Chinese Catholic visual imagery, picturing such age-old Christian stories of the visit of the magi and the annunciation of the angel Gabriel in new and beautiful ways.
Scientists as Mentors to Science Teachers

This study of teacher researchers and mentor scientists at the Materials Research Laboratory at UCSB takes a socio-cultural perspective, assuming group norms in terms of language and practice associated with being a science teacher and a research scientist. The paper will report on data gathered from individual interviews with 6 science teachers and their mentor scientists, before and after the RET six week session in summer 2000. The interviews reveal some of the expectations and benefits expressed by teachers and scientists as well as some of the contrasts in the cultures of science teaching and research science. These factors need to be accommodated in RET project design.
A hybrid type traveling-wave tube for high-power pulsed amplification

A hybrid-type traveling-wave tube suitable for high gain amplification at pulsed high-power levels is described. The device utilizes a filter-type loaded waveguide slow-wave circuit, with interaction below the propagating range of the circuit. This gives rise to a broad-band inductive-wall type of amplification with high gain per unit length. The particular structure outlined employs a spatial-harmonic traveling-wave circuit to couple the energy to the input and to extract power at the output. The main interaction circuit is separated from the input and output section by short ceramic terminations. With proper design, performance at good efficiencies is obtained over a 10 per cent bandwidth to date. A special feature of the device is the possibility of adjusting the gain variation with frequency to suit the designer. This comes about from the fact that the gain per unit length decreases with frequency in the coupling sections, and increases with frequency in the center (nonpropagating) section. By proper selection of the relative lengths of the two circuits, it is possible to obtain either flat gain or peak gain at either end of the frequency range. The efficiency does not appear to be affected by the center section and is limited by the characteristics of the output section only. With the present configuration, it was possible to obtain both good stability and reasonable efficiency simultaneously.
A disseminated multidrug-resistant clonal group of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in pyelonephritis

In acute pyelonephritis, bacterial resistance to co-trimoxazole predicts treatment failure, but the clonal basis of such resistance is undefined. We did molecular and serological analyses of 170 Escherichia coli urine isolates obtained in 1994-96 from women with acute pyelonephritis. 12 (7%) of the pyelonephritis isolates were in clonal group A (CGA; responsible for 38-51% of co-trimoxazole resistance in acute cystitis), including ten (34%) of 29 isolates that were resistant to co-trimoxazole. CGA isolates were obtained from diverse locations across the USA and were related to the O15:K52:H1 clone of the 1986-87 outbreak in London, UK. Thus, CGA is broadly disseminated and contributes to co-trimoxazole resistance in pyelonephritis as well as in cystitis.
Dialectal Arabic to English Machine Translation: Pivoting through Modern Standard Arabic

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) has a wealth of natural language processing (NLP) tools and resources. In comparison, resources for dialectal Arabic (DA), the unstandardized spoken varieties of Arabic, are still lacking. We present ELISSA, a machine translation (MT) system for DA to MSA. ELISSA employs a rule-based approach that relies on morphological analysis, transfer rules and dictionaries in addition to language models to produce MSA paraphrases of DA sentences. ELISSA can be employed as a general preprocessor for DA when using MSA NLP tools. A manual error analysis of ELISSA’s output shows that it produces correct MSA translations over 93% of the time. Using ELISSA to produce MSA versions of DA sentences as part of an MSA-pivoting DA-to-English MT solution, improves BLEU scores on multiple blind test sets between 0.6% and 1.4%.
Therapy for patients with CKD and low bone mineral density

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of bone fracture and low bone mineral density, which resembles osteoporosis. However, the mineral and bone disorder associated with CKD (CKD–MBD) is more complex than osteoporosis and the same treatments might not be appropriate in these patients. In this Review, Susan Ott discusses therapies for osteoporosis, and the evidence for their use in patients with CKD–MBD. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of bone fracture owing to their low bone mineral density, which resembles that of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, the mineral and bone disorder associated with CKD (CKD–MBD) is more complex than osteoporosis and the same treatments might not be appropriate. In particular, vascular calcifications are strongly associated with CKD–MBD, and must be taken into consideration. Post hoc analyses of data from pivotal osteoporosis studies suggest that in patients with mild stage 3 CKD and normal parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphate measurements, conventional medications for osteoporosis (such as raloxifene, bisphosphonates, teriparatide and denosumab) are effective at reducing fracture rates. However, for patients with stage 4–5 CKD, or those with abnormal PTH and mineral values, the available data are insufficient to determine whether these commonly used medications are effective against fractures. Moreover, all medications used to treat osteoporosis have known or potential adverse effects in patients with CKD. Medicines that increase bone formation by upregulating Wnt signalling have shown promise in patients with osteoporosis and might be used to treat CKD–MBD in the future, but off-target effects could limit their use in in this setting.
An Online Graduate Requirements Engineering Course

Requirements engineering is one of the fundamental knowledge areas in software and systems engineering graduate curricula. Recent changes in educational delivery and student demographics have created new challenges for requirements engineering education. In particular, there is an increasing demand for online education for working professionals. This paper describes a graduate requirements engineering course designed to address these new dynamics while aligning learning objectives with the prevailing body of knowledge and professional practices.
The most influential journals in academic accounting

Abstract In this article we summarize the findings of articles that have ranked academic accounting journals, as well as articles that provide other bases for considering journal quality. Results indicate that five journals— Accounting , Organizations and Society , Contemporary Accounting Research , Journal of Accounting and Economics , Journal of Accounting Research , and The Accounting Review —rank consistently as the top journals in the field. However, these five journals differ substantially as to the numbers of articles they publish overall as well as the proportions of articles that are related to the various specialty areas of accounting. Further, the relative proportions of articles by area do not correspond to the numbers of individuals working in the specialty areas. Financial accounting articles appear in disproportionately high numbers for all journals except Accounting , Organizations and Society , whereas management accounting articles appear in disproportionately low numbers for all journals except Accounting , Organizations and Society . In all journals, systems and tax articles also appear to be disproportionately low vis-a-vis the numbers of individuals working in these areas. Auditing receives fairly even exposure across journals and vis-a-vis individuals in the area, except in the Journal of Accounting and Economics .
Bronchiolitis: Can objective criteria predict eligibility for brief hospitalization?

Objective: To determine if 3 objective criteria ‐ pulse oximetry, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) testing, and age ‐ could be used to predict which children hospitalized with bronchiolitis will have brief (<36 hour) hospitalizations and therefore be potential candidates for admission to short-stay observation units. Methods: This was a retrospective medical record review of medically uncomplicated children 3 to 24 months of age with emergency department and hospital discharge diagnoses consistent with bronchiolitis who were admitted to a general pediatric ward in our university-based, tertiary care hospital between Jan. 1, 1992, and Nov. 12, 2002. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the predictor variables. Results: Our study consisted of 225 patients (45% female) with a median age of 7 months (interquartile range [IQR], 4‐11 mo; range, 3‐22 mo). Median pulse oximetry value was 94% (IQR 91%‐96%; range 76%‐100%), and 71% of the patients tested positive for RSV. Thirty children (13%) had brief hospitalizations <36 hours, and the median hospital length of stay for the entire study group was 70 hours (IQR 46‐108 h; range 6‐428 h). None of the 3 predictor variables were independently associated with brief hospitalization. Conclusions: Pulse oximetry, RSV testing and age do not predict which children will have brief hospitalizations and are appropriate candidates for admission to short-stay observation units.
An annotated checklist of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Northeastern Iowa.

A survey of scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) was conducted during 2009 in the geographically distinct area of Winneshiek and Allamakee counties in extreme Northeast Iowa. Four plant communities distributed among 10 locations, including tallgrass prairie, mixed grassland and forest, oak-hickory forest, and pasture were sampled during 2009 using black light traps, bananabeer traps, rodent burrow pitfalls, manure-baited pitfalls, and gleaning. Additionally, previous specimen records were examined. Forty-nine scarab species were documented for Winneshiek and Allamakee counties, including five species not previously reported in Iowa. Mixed grassland and forest habitat contained the greatest scarab species richness (n=31); black light trapping yielded the greatest number of individual beetles and collected the most species.
Comparison of Methodologies for Chemical Measurement of Air to Fuel Ratio at Very Lean Conditions

Many different chemical measurement methodologies of air to fuel (A/F) ratio have been documented in technical publications [1-8]. Each of these methods is derived from the same physical principles but they vary in simplifying assumptions and physical constants. All are well proven over time with test data, producing excellent results near stoichiometry. Few technical publications, however, include data at lean A/F ratios and none include data at the very lean A/F ratios at which new high-technology engines such as gasoline direct injection spark ignition engines may operate with stratified combustion. This paper presents a comparison of three A/F ratio measurement methods based on exhaust gas composition. The methods produce similar results when applied to feed-gas emissions, but results vary when applied to post-catalyst emissions measurements. Some theories that may explain this behavior are discussed.
Academic Faculty Affiliated with University Research Centers: Selection Dynamics

University research centers constitute a new part of the science policy repertoire committed to strategic use of science and technology and prove influential to individual career development. The existing literature casts much light on the challenges arising from managing centers and the potential benefits participants may receive, with little attention paid to the selection dynamics through which individuals gain affiliation with centers. The selection process not only shapes the extent to which centers fulfill their missions, but also structures the distribution of potential career benefits. Based on a representative sample of academic scientists and engineers in research extensive universities, this article investigates the dynamics of individual affiliation with centers. The findings suggest that university research centers represent a combination of cumulative advantage and equal treatment, reinforcing advantages on prolific scientists and those in prestigious departments and providing equal treatment for scientists with different demographic backgrounds. Instead of being career distractions, center affiliation proves more appealing to junior scientists than tenured peers. The study concludes with a discussion of the policy implications in the science enterprise.
Classical dynamics of H2O vibrational self-relaxation.

The vibrational self-relaxation rate constants of the (001), (100), (020), and (010) states of H2O from 295 to 2500 K are calculated, using ∼1.6 × 106 classical trajectories with Gaussian binning for determining product vibrational quantum numbers. The calculations use a new H2O–H2O potential surface obtained by fitting 1.25 × 105 ab initio geometry points at the CCSD(T)//cc-pvtz level of theory. The resulting vibrational self-relaxation rate constants are generally within a factor of 2 of the measured data, which are large in magnitude and tend to increase with decreasing temperature. At lower temperatures, the calculations show long-lived (20 ps and longer) H2O–H2O collision complexes which accompany vibrational relaxation. Product rotational and translational energy distributions are investigated, and joint vibrational state and molecule-specific relaxation rate constants are presented.
Determining Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle using a 3D Scanning Technique

There are a variety of different methods to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of an aircraft. Generally, one could either: perform computational analysis on the theoretical model or test the physical aircraft and collect flight data using either on-board sensors or a motion capture system. A 3D scanning and analysis technique has been developed that allows the user to scan an uncharacterized aircraft of any size and output its aerodynamic coefficients, specifically the aircraft lift, drag, and moment curves as well as the associated stability derivatives. In order to demonstrate the method, a 62.5 in wingspan fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was 3D scanned. The point cloud yielded by the scan was then processed to produce detailed geometry of the aircraft and that geomerty was then input into an aerodynamics analysis tool, XFLR5. The analysis tool yielded the aircraft aerodynamics coefficients within the linear range.
Lidocaine in the rat rostral hypothalamus: effect on arterial carbon dioxide.

AbstractLidocaine hydrochloride causes an increase in respiratory frequency (f) when infused into the rostral hypothalamus of the rat. The purpose of our study was to determine whether this increased f was primarily due to: (i) a direct increase in neural respiratory drive; (ii) a change in metabolism, mediated by the hypothalamus, causing increased carbon dioxide production and secondary hyperpnea; or (iii) a combination of these phenomena. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2),f, and tidal volume (Vt) were measured in awake, unrestrained, tranquilized rats before and after the infusion of either lidocaine or hypertonic saline into the rostral hypothalamus. At peak increase in f, approximately 2 min after lidocaine infusion, f had increased 26.5 breaths/min (28.3%), PaCO2 had decreased 3.5 mm Hg (10.3%), and Vt was unchanged. There was no change inf, Vt, or PaCO2 2 min after saline infusion. Since an increase in carbon dioxide production typically causes increased ventilation with a stable PaCO2, the i...
The Production, Management, and Chemistry of Coal Gasification Wastewaters

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses the production, management, and chemistry of coal conversion process wastewater. It highlights the importance of water chemistry in relation to wastewater characterization and wastewater reuse in coal gasification processes. The chapter presents a description of coal gasification process water streams and discusses means by which coal gasification plant water balances are achieved. The chapter reviews coal gasification wastewater sampling and analytical strategies, and discusses representative characterization data to highlight the effect of water chemistry on effluent composition and handling. Water management and treatment play critical roles in the design of coal gasification facilities. The chapter also describes process water balances and important water chemistry aspects that influence water reuse strategies.
Cross-Dataset Validation of Feature Sets in Musical Instrument Classification

Automatically identifying the musical instruments present in audio recordings is a complex and difficult task. Although the focus has recently shifted to identifying instruments in a polyphonic setting, the task of identifying solo instruments has not been solved. Most empirical studies recognizing musical instruments use only a single dataset in the experiments, despiteevidence that mapproaches do not generalize from one dataset to another dataset. In this work, we present a method for data driven learning of spectral filters for use in feature extraction from audio recordings of solo musical instruments and discuss the extensibility of this approach to polyphonic mixtures of instruments. We examine four datasets of musical instrument sounds that have 13 instruments in common. We demonstrate cross-dataset validation by showing that a feature extraction scheme learned from one dataset can be used successfully for feature extraction and classification on another dataset.
Friendly casualty outcomes: choice of counter Improvised Explosive Device tactics matters on the asymmetric battlefield:

Despite billions of dollars spent on technological devices to counter the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) threat, IEDs are still responsible for roughly 50% of the casualties on today’s asymmetri...
Constitutive analysis of electrically-assisted tensile deformation of CP-Ti based on non-uniform thermal expansion, plastic softening and dynamic strain aging

Abstract Electrically-assisted (EA) deformation has shown promising effects in increasing formability and reducing springback in sheet metal forming. This work experimentally and analytically investigated the influence of non-uniform and transient Joule heating on the plastic flow stress of titanium which evolved nonlinearity with time and deformation. Three-stage constitutive analysis was carried out in the present study. First, the pure influence of non-uniform Joule heating was investigated in terms of linear elastic thermal expansion, which then explained the measured drops in stress. Second, the Johnson-Cook model was adopted to interpret a plastic thermal-mechanical behavior of the material loaded at a constant quasi-static deformation rate under the uniaxial tension combined with a single pulse of electric current. Finally, it was revealed that the sudden change in strain rate and rapid heating rate due to an electric current pulse could give rise to the transient occurrence of dynamic strain aging (DSA) in materials. This resulted in an accumulated plastic strain as well as transient high-temperature strain hardening, which estimated the experimentally measured data well. The DSA contribution revealed in this work could help to explain many observations in the past studies in the field of EA deformation.
ONCE Links Internal Factors, Epigenetics, Matsuda, Waddington, Goldschmidt, and Macroevolution

It is in interesting to see how increasingly more researchers—particularly the promoters of an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis within the context of the data recently obtained in Evo-Devo, epigenetics, niche construction and ecological studies—are promoting the work of a previously little-known but fascinating author: Ryuichi Matsuda.
Antineutrino spectroscopy with large water Cerenkov detectors.

We propose modifying large water \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov detectors by the addition of 0.2% gadolinium trichloride, which is highly soluble, newly inexpensive, and transparent in solution. Since Gd has an enormous cross section for radiative neutron capture, with $\ensuremath{\sum}_{}^{}{E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$, this would make neutrons visible for the first time in such detectors, allowing antineutrino tagging by the coincidence detection reaction ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{e}+p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{e}^{+}+n$ (similarly for ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$). Taking Super-Kamiokande as a working example, dramatic consequences for reactor neutrino measurements, first observation of the diffuse supernova neutrino background, galactic supernova detection, and other topics are discussed.
Patterns of Anxious Arousal During a Speech Task Between Nonanxious Controls and Individuals With Social Anxiety Disorder Pre- and Posttreatment

Abstract Although research indicates that anxious arousal in response to feared stimuli is related to treatment outcome (Heimberg et al., 1990), less is known about the patterns of anxious arousal. We identified patterns of anxious arousal in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) at pre- (n = 61) and posttreatment (n = 40; 12-session CBGT, Heimberg & Becker, 2002), and in non-anxious controls (NACs; n = 31) using an assessment speech task administered at pretreatment (SAD) or the pretreatment equivalent (NACs), as well as at posttreatment (SAD only). We identified nine patterns of anxious arousal across groups that we further clustered into three groups: fear habituation, fear plateau, and fear increase. Chi-square and adjusted standardized residual analyses revealed that individuals in the pretreatment SAD group displayed the fear habituation patterns significantly more than chance and the fear plateau patterns significantly less than chance. In contrast, NACs displayed the fear plateau patterns significantly more than chance and the fear habituation patterns significantly less than chance. At posttreatment, treatment non-responders displayed fear habituation patterns significantly more than chance, whereas treatment responders displayed the fear habituation patterns significantly less than chance. Findings indicate that fear habituation during an anxiety-provoking assessment task is not necessary for treatment response.
Regional and Multi-Regional Forecasts and Simulations Using a REMI EDFS Model

In chapter 7, the structure for an operational forecasting and simulation model was set forth. The name of the model described is the Regional Economic Models, Inc., Economic and Demographic Forecasting and Simulation (REMI-EDFS) model.
Axon Growth and Branching

One striking feature of the nervous system is the long processes or the axons extending out from the soma. They transmit electric signals that are collected at the dendrites and integrated at the axonal hillock. Each neuron has only one axon, which can reach their synaptic targets as far as 1 m away in humans. To connect with multiple targets, branches sprout at different locations, either along the axonal shaft as interstitial collaterals or at the nerve endings as terminal arbors.
Two-stage attitude control for direct imaging of exoplanets with a CubeSat telescope

This work outlines the design and development of a prototype CubeSat space telescope to directly image exoplanets and/or exozodiacal dust. This prototype represents the optical payload of the miniaturized distributed occulter/telescope (mDOT), a starshade technology demonstration mission combining a 2 meter scale microsatellite occulter and a 6U CubeSat telescope. Science requirements for the mDOT experiment are presented and translated into engineering requirements for the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS). The ADCS will utilize a triad of reaction wheels for coarse pointing and a tip tilt mirror for fine image stabilization down to the sub-arcsecond level. A two-stage attitude control architecture is presented to achieve precise pointing necessary for stable acquisition of diffraction limited imagery. A multiplicative extended Kalman filter is utilized to estimate the inertial attitude of the vehicle and provide input into the aforementioned controller. A hardware-in-the-loop optical stimulator is used to stimulate the payload with scenes highly representative of the space environment from a radiometric and geometric stand point. Scenes rendered to the optical stimulator are synthesized in closed-loop based off a high-fidelity numerical simulation of the underlying disturbances, orbital and attitude dynamics. Performance of the two-stage attitude control loop is quantified and demonstrates the ability to achieve sub-arcsecond pointing using a telescope payload prototype.
Update on Palliative Care for Pediatric Neurology

It has long been recognized that patients with neurological conditions, and particularly pediatric neurology patients, are well suited for palliative care because they frequently have a high symptom burden and variable prognoses. In 1996, the American Academy of neurology formally recognized a need for neurologists to "understand and apply the principles of palliative medicine." Subsequently, some reviews have proposed a simultaneous care model in which palliative care is integrated for all neurology patients from the time of diagnosis. This article will review the current status of palliative care in pediatric neurology and discuss barriers to its integration.
Low-grade/dedifferentiated/high-grade chondrosarcoma: a case of histological and biological progression.

Cartilage tumors present in different shapes, sizes, and grades.20 The vast majority are benign lesions and often require no surgical treatment. The orthopaedic surgeon treating patients with cartilage lesions should be familiar with the subtypes, histological features, and degrees of atypia/grades. Enchondromas are commonly found incidental lesions within the intramedullary canal, and rarely require surgical intervention unless they are clinically symptomatic. Patients with Ollier's disease or Maffucci's syndrome have multiple enchondromas.3,11 Most benign cartilage tumors do not undergo malignant transformation; however, there is an increased incidence of chondrosarcoma in patients with syndromes involving multiple benign cartilage lesions.3,8,11 Rarely, a solitary enchondroma can transform into a chondrosarcoma.8 Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is a rare lesion where a benign cartilage tumor or low-grade chondrosarcoma is juxtaposed on a high-grade spindle cell sarcoma with the histological appearance of an osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma or fibrosarcoma.4,16 Patients with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma have an extremely poor prognosis and usually die of metastatic disease to the lungs.7,14 Chondrosarcomas can also occur de novo and span a spectrum of histological grades. Recommendations for treatment of patients with low-grade chondrosarcoma have varied in the existing literature.1,13,18 In part this stems from a disparity in the grading systems used by pathologists at different institutions.2,5,10,17,22 The histological criteria for grading malignant cartilage tumors is based on a 3-tiered system.12 Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is sometimes referred to as a grade 4 lesion. Because the same lesion may be graded differently at different institutions, many orthopaedic surgeons rely more heavily on radiographic criteria to guide treatment. In general there has been a trend toward more intralesional treatment of grade 1 chondrosarcoma in the extremities in an effort to avoid the functional limitations often present after a major resection and reconstruction.1,13 We present the case of a patient with a low-grade chondrosarcoma in the left medial femoral condyle treated with intralesional surgery. The tumor recurred locally and eventually transformed into a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma putting her limb and life in jeopardy. The patient's presenting complaints, physical examination, radiographic and histological findings, and treatment course are discussed.
A case report of locally invasive Aspergillus fumigatus infection in a patient on canakinumab

Background Canakinumab is a human monoclonal interleukin-1 antibody that has been studied in the Canakinumab Anti-Inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS) trial and shown to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events, while increasing the incidence of neutropenia and risk of severe infections. Case summary This is a case report of a locally invasive aspergillus infection in a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus who was receiving canakinumab for 3.5 years as part of the CANTOS trial. He presented with headaches and left eye pain and was found to have a large left ethmoid sinus mass extending into the orbit on computed tomography scan of the head. Cultures from an endoscopic biopsy of left ethmoid sinus grew Aspergillus fumigatus. Canakinumab was discontinued, and he was discharged on voriconazole with improvement in his headaches and left eye pain. Discussion The anti-inflammatory properties of canakinumab could have blunted the patient's immune response allowing the mycetoma to invade adjacent tissue. If canakinumab was approved for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events then it is important to be cognizant of its potential to delay the presentation of any infection.
Candida Infections in Hematopoietic and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Infections caused by Candida species range from local mucous membrane involvement to widely disseminated disease. In patients who have received a hematopoietic cell or solid organ transplant, candidiasis is one of the most common infections that is seen and is often life threatening. Candida species are part of the normal human microbiota and, as such, rarely cause infection in healthy hosts. Infections arise when the organisms are able to proliferate locally and gain access to the bloodstream from their normal mucosal or cutaneous colonization niche. Candidemia and invasive candidiasis are directly attributable to a breakdown of normal barriers, such as that which occurs with candidemia related to a central venous catheter, or to impairment of host defenses, which is especially prominent with neutropenia. The most common species to cause infection is Candida albicans, but increasingly, Candida glabrata is reported, especially among patients who have hematological malignancies or have received a transplant. Treatment has improved in the last several decades with the availability of multiple azole and echinocandin agents, all of which are less toxic than amphotericin B. However, crude mortality rates for patients with candidemia remain high, reflecting in part the very ill patients who develop this infection. Increasing evidence shows that the sooner antifungal treatment is initiated, the better the outcome; thus, in patients at high risk for invasive candidiasis, empirical treatment is appropriate while awaiting diagnostic test results. Prophylaxis, generally with an azole agent, is given routinely to recipients of a hematopoietic cell transplant and to certain high-risk solid organ transplant recipients.
χ2 analysis of supersymmetric models

We discuss the results of a global fit to precision data in supersymmetric models. We consider both gravity-and gauge-mediated models. As the superpartner spectrum becomes light, the global fit to the data typically results in larger values of χ2. We indicate the regions of parameters space which are excluded by the data. We discuss the additional effect of the B(B → Xsγ) measurement. Our analysis excludes chargino masses below MZ in the simplest gauge-mediated model with μ > 0, with stronger constraints for larger values of tan β.
Doxycycline monohydrate and hyclate (Vibramycin Monohydrate and Hyclate)

Vibramycin ( doxycycline) is a new broad-spectrum antibiotic synthetically derived from methacycline, available as Vibramycin Monohydrate (doxycycline monohydrate) and Vibramycin Hyclate (doxycycline hydrochloride hemiethanolate hemihydrate). The chemical designation of this light-yellow crystalline powder is α-6-deoxy-5-oxytetracycline. Vibramycin ( doxycycline) possesses the following useful properties not observed with previously available tetracyclines: its greater absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and its capability for once-a-day maintenance dosage.
Cyclical Evolution of the Global Right

An understanding of the current right-wing national and transnational social movements can benefit from comparing them to the global and national conditions operating during their last appearance in the first half of the twentieth century and by carefully comparing twentieth-century fascism with the neofascist and right-wing populist movements that have been emerging in the twenty-first century. This allows us to assess the similarities and differences, and to gain insights about what could be the consequences of the reemergence of populist nationalism and fascist movements. Our study uses the comparative evolutionary world-systems perspective to study the Global Right from 1800 to the present. We see fascism as a form of capitalism that emerges when the capitalist project is in crisis. World historical waves of right-wing populism and fascism are caused by the cycles of globalization and deglobalization, the rise and fall of hegemonic core powers, long business cycles (the Kondratieff wave), and interactions with both Centrist Liberalism and the Global Left. We consider how crises of the global capitalist system have produced right-wing backlashes in the past, and how a future terminal crisis of capitalism could lead to a reemergence of a new form of authoritarian global governance or a reorganized global democracy in the future.
Formation of MoS2 from elemental Mo and S using reactive molecular dynamics simulations

Mo- and S-based lubricant additives reduce friction in boundary lubrication through the formation of molybdenum disulfide ( MoS 2) during operation. However, the fundamental mechanisms of MoS 2 formation are still not fully understood, in part because direct experimental measurement is challenging during the crystallization process. Previously, reactive molecular dynamics simulations were used to model the formation of crystalline MoS 2 by compressing and heating amorphous material consisting of Mo and S. Here, the authors test the robustness of these models to capture the crystallization process under different simulation conditions and with different reactive force fields. Lastly, a reactive force field that contains parameters for Mo, S, and O was modified to enable it to capture MoS 2 crystallization in the presence of oxygen. Mo- and S-based lubricant additives reduce friction in boundary lubrication through the formation of molybdenum disulfide ( MoS 2) during operation. However, the fundamental mechanisms of MoS 2 formation are still not fully understood, in part because direct experimental measurement is challenging during the crystallization process. Previously, reactive molecular dynamics simulations were used to model the formation of crystalline MoS 2 by compressing and heating amorphous material consisting of Mo and S. Here, the authors test the robustness of these models to capture the crystallization process under different simulation conditions and with different reactive force fields. Lastly, a reactive force field that contains parameters for Mo, S, and O was modified to enable it to capture MoS 2 crystallization in the presence of oxygen.
Maximal Disjoint Ball Decompositions for shape modeling and analysis

Abstract A large number of geometric representations have been proposed to address the needs of specific engineering applications. This, in turn, exacerbates the inherent challenges associated with system interoperability for downstream engineering applications. In this paper, we define the Maximal Disjoint Ball Decomposition (MDBD) as the location of the largest d-dimensional closed balls recursively placed in the interior of a d-dimensional domain and show that the proposed decomposition can be used to provide an underlying common analysis framework for geometric models using different representation schemes. Importantly, our decomposition only relies on the ability of an existing geometric representation to compute distances, which must be supported by any valid geometric representation scheme, and does not require an explicit representation conversion. Moreover, MDBD is unique for a given domain up to rigid body transformation, reflection, as well as uniform scaling, and its formulation suggests appealing stability and robustness properties against small boundary modifications. Furthermore, we show that MDBD can be used as a universal shape descriptor to perform shape similarity of models coming from various geometric representation schemes. A salient attribute of this decomposition is that it provides adequate support for key downstream applications for models coming from disparate geometric representations. For example, MDBD can be naturally used to carry out meshless solutions to boundary value problems; efficient collision detection; and 3D mesh generation of models that use any valid geometric representation scheme. Finally, our hierarchical formulation of the proposed Maximal Disjoint Ball Decomposition allows for a choice of model complexity at run-time to match the available computational resources.
Generation and characterization of a novel human iPSC line from a resilient Alzheimer's disease patient.

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the major cause of dementia in older people. Here, we report the derivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from an AD patient at age of 80 who has the APOE e4/e4 genotype and is resilient to cognitive decline for 10 years. The iPSCs reprogrammed from the blood cells of this patient by transient expression of pluripotency genes maintain the e4/e4 genotype, are karyotypically normal and display typical iPSC characteristics. Upon differentiation, the iPSCs are able to differentiate into cells of the three germ layers, confirming their pluripotency.
The potential for one drug, administered at the earliest preclinical stage, to prevent the subsequent decline of cognition that eventuates in dementia

In the process that eventuates in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ultimately in Alzheimer's dementia, the earliest identifiable change is in the function of synapses. If started at that early point in time, when there is subjective but not objective memory loss plus abnormal brain imaging with fluorodeoxyglucose and Pittsburgh compound B, treatment with a single drug directed at synaptic dysfunction might prevent development of cognitive impairment. Each of four drugs, dantrolene, lithium, minocycline, and piracetam, benefits synaptic impairment. This presentation has two sections. In the first, evidence is discussed at length, for abnormality in the axo-spinous synapse as being the earliest change before objective cognitive decline. The second section explains the benefits to synapses provided by the four mentioned drugs. Dantrolene and lithium perhaps have the strongest supporting data for use as single agents: their efficacy should be subjected to clinical trial.
Formal Online Resiliency Monitoring in Microgrids

This work adopts an online resiliency monitoring framework employing metric temporal logic (MTL) under cyber-physical anomalies, namely false-data injection attacks, denial-of-service attacks, and physical faults. Such anomalies adversely affect the frequency synchronization, load sharing, and voltage regulation in microgrids. MTL formalism is adopted to monitor the outputs of inverters/converters against operational bounds, detect and quantify cyber-physical anomalies, monitor the microgrid’s resiliency during runtime, and compare mitigation strategies. Since the proposed framework does not require system knowledge, it can be deployed on a complex microgrid. This is verified using an IEEE 34-bus feeder system and a DC microgrid cluster in a controller/hardware-in-the-loop environment.
A structural equation model of the etiology and developmental consequences of parent-child role confusion

Abstract This longitudinal investigation tested a theoretically-specified model of the etiology and developmental consequences of parent-child role confusion, wherein there is a deterioration of generational boundaries such that the parent looks to their child to meet the parent's own needs for comfort or support. Employing a diverse sample of 250 female caregiver-child dyads (50% female and 46% Latinx children), this study tested a fully-latent structural equation model to evaluate serial mediation from parents' reported history of their own maltreatment to children's psychopathology in late childhood via role confusion during the preschool years and children's negative representations of the parent in middle childhood. As hypothesized, the severity of parents' own history of child maltreatment was associated with higher role confusion in their relationship with their preschooler, and this role confusion contributed to children's negative representations of the parent during middle childhood, which, in turn, were associated with higher levels of child psychopathology. This study informs developmental science and clinical practice by elucidating modifiable mechanisms by which a parent's prior experience of child maltreatment may impact their child's adaptation in the next generation. Interventions that support the stability of vertical parent-child boundaries may buffer children from negative intergenerational child maltreatment effects.