cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a 100-gm-class inspector satellite using photostructurable glass/ceramic materials

A pulsed UV laser volumetric direct-write patterning technique has been used to fabricate the structural members and key fluidic distribution systems of a miniature 100 gm mass spacecraft called the Co-Orbital Satellite Assistant (COSA). A photostructurable glass ceramic material enables this photo-fabrication process. The COSA is a miniature space vehicle designed to assist its host ship by serving as a maneuverable external viewing platform. Using orbital dynamics simulation software, a minimum (Delta) V solution has been found that allows a COSA vehicle to eject from the host and maneuver into an observation orbit about the host vehicle. The result of the simulant show that a cold gas propulsion system can adequately support the mission given a total fuel volume of 5 cm 3 . A prototype COSA with dimensions of 50 X 50 X 50 mm has been fabricated and assembled for simulation experiments on an air table. The vehicle is fashioned out of 7 laser patterned wafers, electronics boards and a battery. The patterned wafers include an integrated 2-axis propulsion system, a fuel tank and a propellant distribution system. The electronics portion of the COSA vehicle includes a wireless communication system, 2 microcontrollers for system, 2 microcontrollers for system control and MEMS gyros for relative attitude determination. The COSA vehicle is designed to be mass producible and scalable.
Atrial Pressure-Flow Dynamics in Atrial Septal Defects (Secundum Type)

This study was conducted to determine the instantaneous pressure-flow relationships across secundum atrial septal defects. Simultaneous right and left atrial pressures and the pressure difference (determined with an analog computer) were recorded with matched catheter systems. Biplane cineangiocardiography was used to evaluate the timing of the shunts in various phases of the cardiac cycle. These studies indicated that the major left-to-right shunt and pressure gradient occurred over an interval encompassing late ventricular systole and early diastole. Also, there was augmentation of the left-to-right shunt during atrial contraction. Minute right-to-left shunting and pressure gradients occurred at two times in the cardiac cycle: (1) with the onset of ventricular contraction; and (2) during early ventricular diastole (heart rate, 80 to 100 beats/min). Detection of systemic right-to-left shunts by dye curves was enhanced by relatively slow heart rates (prolonged diastasis) which allowed the shunted blood to...
Magnetic Field Effects on the Outermost Crusts of Pulsars

THE different P-ρ (pressure-density) equations of state used in pulsar calculations vary significantly for ρ≳104 g cm−3, but essentially agree with one another in the solid phase region, which supposedly corresponds to 5≲ρ≲104 g cm−3. Here an equation of state due to Feynman et al.1 which results from a Thomas-Fermi (TF) model for “crushed” atoms (atoms under pressure with a specified radius determined by the density) has been assumed to be applicable2, but such calculations do not account for magnetic field (B-field) effects. These can readily be incorporated by the replacement of the normal TF model of crushed atoms (but with B=0) by the TF-like model for isolated atoms that includes the B-field3,4 extended to incorporate the effects of pressure. The variational formulation of this TF-like or statistical model4 is more convenient than the differential equation approach. For a charge Z≈26 and B12≈1(B12 is the field in units of 1012 gauss), an isolated atom is well described by a TF-like model. We shall see that, for the same value of Z, this model will remain valid for a suitable density regime.
Novel designs of NOR2 and NOR3 logic gates using single electron transistors

We have proposed gate architectures to perform NOR logic operations using the single electron transistors. The designs have been verified by using the SET-SPICE model and the nanostructure modeling software called SIMON. First, a two-input NOR gate was designed and verified and then the design was extended to implement a NOR gate with three inputs.
Periprosthetic of the Femur and Acetabulum: An Emerging Problem

Presentation will review the epidemiology, risk factors and treatments of fractures of the pelvis and femur associated with total hip arthroplasty. The attendee will be exposed to classification systems and treatment rationale base on accepted criteria. Additionally the at risk patient will be clarified in respect to types of implants, duration of service and pathologic comorbidities.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Lethal effects of physostigmine plus lithium in rats

The interaction between the reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, physostigmine, and lithium chloride was studied in adult male rats. A combination of lithium plus physostigmine increased lethality more than that caused by either physostigmine or lithium alone. Scopolamine completely reversed this effect. These drug interactions may have clinical significance, since lithium plus cholinesterase inhibitors may be used together in the practice of medicine.
Inductive magnetic harvester with resonant capacitive rectifier based on synchronized switch harvesting technique

Inductive magnetic harvesting technologies have been developing rapidly and have great potential in applications that rotate or vibrate. However, magnetic energy harvesters are often limited by their low voltage outputs, and normally, their placement are in applications that work at low frequency (typically around 100Hz). The traditional rectification with a diode bridge becomes inefficient with the resulting low harvester output voltage due to the diode forward voltage drop. This paper presents a new energy harvesting circuit, which can operate with magnetic harvesters limited by low output voltage. By adding one resonant capacitor and one bi-directional switch, the rectifier input voltage can be increased dramatically with the high voltage generated by resonance between the resonant capacitor and harvester leakage inductance. The simulation and experimental results verify the theoretical predictions.
Enhanced hydrogen production using steam plasma processing of biomass: Experimental apparatus and procedure

Abstract A two-stage high-temperature steam plasma system is analyzed experimentally for the production of high-hydrogen content product gas obtained from biomass. The first stage uses contact glow discharge electrolysis (CGDE) to convert an electrolyte into a steam, mainly composed of steam and a small fraction of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The second stage uses the output stream from the first stage as the gasifying agent to produce a steam plasma to gasify the biomass. Measurements show molar fractions of hydrogen in the product gases in excess of 50% for six different types of biomass tested. The experimental results are also used to validate a thermodynamic model of the combined process. The model is used to analyze the effect of feedstock mass flow rate on product gas quality.
Cellular uptake and concentrations of tamoxifen upon administration in poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles

Purpose: In an attempt to increase the local concentration of tamoxifen in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells, we have prepared and characterized poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL) nanoparticle formulation. Methods: PCL (mol wt 14,800 daltons) nanoparticles were prepared by the solvent displacement method in acetonewater system in the presence of Pluronic F-68. PCL nanoparticles, labeled with rhodamine 123, were incubated with MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells to determine uptake, intracellular distribution, and localization as a function of time. Intracellular drug concentrations over a specified period of time using different initial doses were examined using tritiated [3H]-tamoxifen. Results: A significant fraction of the administered rhodamine 123-loaded PCL nanoparticles was found in the perinuclear region of the MCF-7 cells, where estrogen receptors are also localized, after 1 hour of incubation. Measurements of the intracellular concentrations revealed that most of the administered nanoparticle dose was internalized within the first 30 minutes of incubation, and the uptake followed saturable transport kinetics. Conclusion: Results of this study show that PCL nanoparticles were rapidly internalized in MCF-7 cells and intracellular tamoxifen concentrations followed a saturable process. This approach may provide better therapeutic benefit by delivering the drug locally, near the tumor cells, for a longer period of time.
Self-consistent theory of polymerized membranes.

We study D-dimensional polymerized membranes embedded in d dimensions using a self-consistent screening approximation. It is exact for large d to order 1/d, for any d to order \ensuremath{\epsilon}=4-D, and for d=D. For flat physical membranes (D=2, d=3) it predicts a roughness exponent \ensuremath{\zeta}=0.590. For phantom membranes at the crumpling transition the size exponent is \ensuremath{\nu}=0.732. It yields identical lower critical dimension for the flat phase and crumpling transition ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{lc}}$(d)=2d/(d+1) (${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{lc}}$= \ensuremath{\surd}2 for codimension 1). For physical membranes with random quenched curvature \ensuremath{\zeta}=0.775 in the new T=0 flat phase in good agremeent with simulations.
Survey of stereotypic behavior in prosimians.

Captive animals have been observed to perform a variety of stereotypic behaviors. However, little is known about stereotypic behavior in prosimians. We sent surveys to 96 AZA-accredited institutions to examine stereotypic behavior in these primates. Forty-eight surveys were returned, providing information on 440 individuals of 10 genera. According to the responses, 13.2% of the prosimians surveyed exhibited some form of stereotypic behavior. Pacing was the most common behavior. A logistic regression was used to examine intrinsic characteristics that might influence the performance of stereotypic behavior. The genus of the prosimian was a significant predictor of stereotypic behavior. Individuals of the genus Varecia and Microcebuswere more likely to engage in stereotypic behavior than members of the other genera. Rearing history, age, and sex were not significant predictors of stereotypic behavior. To examine the influence of extrinsic variables on stereotypic behavior, we transformed the data into the percentage of individuals within the enclosure that were reported to exhibit stereotypic behavior, and analyzed them at the enclosure level using a general linear model (GLM) analysis of variance (ANOVA). The only environmental variable that significantly predicted stereotypic behavior was the frequency with which enrichment was provided. Frequent enrichment was provided to those exhibits with a higher percentage of prosimians that engaged in stereotypic behavior. The results of this survey suggest that stereotypic behavior in prosimians may be associated with intrinsic factors (i.e., individual or genus differences) in addition to extrinsic factors related to housing. This knowledge may be helpful in identifying the causes of and effective treatments for stereotypic behavior in prosimians. Am. J. Primatol. 65:181–196, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Gastrostomy Button as a Catheterizable Urinary Stoma: A Pilot Study

ABSTRACTPurpose: We assessed the impact of the gastrostomy button used as a catheterizable urinary stoma on the infection, encrustation and erosion rates, and quality of life in a series of 19 patients.Materials and Methods: Patients were selected as candidates for the button based on multichannel urodynamic studies that confirmed an areflexic neurogenic bladder. At study enrollment each patient completed a quality of life questionnaire based on a visual analog scale. If the patient had a preexisting indwelling suprapubic tube, it was replaced with a button. If no preexisting suprapubic tube was present, one was inserted. The button was then inserted approximately 1 month later after an adequate tract was established. For 1 year the patient underwent cystoscopy with urine culture every 2 months for a total of 6 times. Symptomatic infections were treated but asymptomatic colonization was not. A quality of life questionnaire was completed at each visit.Results: Of the 19 patients 10 had failure, necessitati...
Techniques for preparation of bovine mammary smooth membranes

Most procedures for fractionation of lactating mammary tissue membranes have utilized centrifuge tubes of small volume. We report a method for large-scale fractionation of bovine mammary membranes by a zonal rotor. Because of the large volume of the zonal rotor (1350 ml), greater amounts of starting material can be fractionated to obtain greater yields of desired fractions. We report results of linear sucrose gradients to fractionate mammary tissue homogenates and step gradient adaptations to accelerate membrane separations. Assay of membrane fractions for marker enzyme activities demonstrated that zonal fractionation and derived techniques were applicable for large scale preparation with higher yields of selected bovine mammary membranes. Application of this technique to small volumes is discussed for laboratories without a zonal rotor.
Pollen Sequence from Late Quaternary Sediments in Yellowstone Park

A radiocarbon-dated pollen diagram from a depression near the end of the southeast arm of Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, records the vegetation sequence from the retreat of Late Wisconsin (Pinedale) ice to the present time. The tundra Picea-Abies-Pinus albicaulis (spruce-fir-whitebark pine) parkland vegetation inferred during late glacial time changed rapidly to a Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) forest shortly before 11,550 carbon-14 years ago, suggesting a warming trend at that time. The Pinus contorta forest persisted with minor modification throughout postglacial time.
The 2004 International Relay: a Greek around the world with the Olympic Flame

This paper presents a first-hand experience of the 2004 Athens International Olympic Flame Relay (IOFR) from the perspective of one of the Greek team members who accompanied the flame. It provides ...
Olfactory performance during childhood. I. Development of an odorant identification test for children

Because there has been no suitable diagnostic instrument for evaluation of olfaction in children, we designed an odorant identification test for that purpose. We screened 40 microencapsulated odorants (“scratch ‘n’ sniff” cards) by randomly grouping them into 40 overlapping sets of five odorants each. Forty-one children, 4 and 5 years of age, tried to identify each test, odorant, selecting their responses from among five photographs depicting the substances in the set of odorants. We used the results to select a subset of five odorants (baby powder, bubble gum, candy cane, fish, and orange). To determine how well these odorants could be identified by normal children, we tested another 134 subjects, 31/2 to 13 years of age. For children 3 1/2 years to 5 years 4 months of age, the mean (±SEM) percentage of correct responses increased from 66%±8% to 92%±2%. Thereafter the mean percentage of correct responses remained at a plateau of about 90%. The 10th percentile for the percentage of correct responses tended to be higher for girls than for boys throughout childhood. We concluded that this set of five odorants can be correctly identified by most normal children 5 years of age or older. The performances of three older subjects with Kallmann syndrome were all subnormal, but the overall efficacy of the test for evaluating children with olfactory deficits needs to be determined.
Human resource management and the energy crisis: an ostrich posture?

The energy crisis is going to change our assumptions about employment policies—much more so than we've admitted to ourselves. Let's face up to it.
INTRACELLULAR PRECIPITATION OF HEMOGLOBIN BY HEAT: IN VIVO AND IN VITRO STUDIES

A patient with hemoglobin Zurich (Hb Z) had a viral-related fever of 39-41°C for 5 days. The hematocrit decreased from 45-25, plasma hemoglobin was 144 mg%, Heinz bodies (H.B.) appeared in 12-18% of the erythrocytes (RBC), and there was moderate reticulocytosis. There was no history of exposure to oxidants. These observations led to a study of the effects of temperatures in the clinical range of fever on the solubilities of Hb Z and normal hemoglobin (Hb A) in intact RBC. Whole blood from 25 normal adults and 4 Hb Z pts was incubated at 37 and 41°C. After incubation, H.B. were defined by mixing equal parts of blood and rhodanile blue for 2 minutes and making dry films. The % of H.B. in Hb A RBC at 37°C for 3, 6, 12, and 24 hrs was 0, 0, 0, and 49.5±19.1%; in Hb Z - 0, 5-5, 63.6, and 99.2%. The %'s at 41°C were 0, 15.6, 59.4±25.6, and 100 in Hb A RBC; and 24.0, 74.9, 100, and 100 for Hb Z RBC. Hb Z in the red cells did not decrease until 3-6 hrs after the appearance of H.B. The % of Hb A2 remained constant. Progressive precipitation of Hb in Hb Z and Hb A RBC was accompanied by increased formation of methemoglobin, a marked decrease in reduced glutathione and hexokinase activity, and a moderate decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities. Thermal denaturation of hemoglobin may be a cause of fever-related anemia in pts with unstable hemoglobins. Also measurement of H.B. formation in heat-treated whole blood is a sensitive and simple technique for defining Hb Z and possibly other unstable hemoglobins.
Polymer inclusion compounds: Model systems for ordered bulk polymer phases and starting materials for fabricating polymer-polymer molecular composites

Several small molecules can be cocrystallized with polymers to form inclusion compounds (ICs). Urea, perhydrotriphenylene and the cyclodextrins are examples, and serve to form the host crystalline lattice containing the guest polymer chains in their ICs. The guest polymer chains are confined to narrow, cylindrical channels created by the host, small-molecule lattice, where the polymers are highly extended as a consequence of being squeezed, and are separated from neighbouring polymer chains by the IC channel walls composed exclusively of the small-molecule lattice. The net result is a unique solid-state environment for polymers residing in IC channels, which can be utilized as model systems for ordered, bulk polymer phases. Comparison of the behaviour of polymer chains isolated and extended in IC crystals with the behaviour observed for ordered, bulk phases of polymers is beginning to permit an assessment of contributions made by the inherent, single chain and the cooperative, interchain interactions to the properties of ordered, bulk polymers. It is also possible to release and coalesce polymers from their IC crystals in a manner which leads to their consolidation with a chain-extended morphology. Embedding polymer IC crystals into a carrier polymer, followed by in situ release and coalescence of the included polymers from their IC crystals, offers a means to obtain polymer-polymer composites with unique morphologies. Several such polymer IC-generated composites are described and it is suggested that their unique morphologies might translate into useful, tailorable properties, as well as providing a means for addressing several questions that are fundamental to the behaviour of both phase-separated and homogeneous polymer solids.
Synthesis and reactions of some pentabromophenyl organometallics

Abstract The reactions of pentabromophenylmagnesium bromide (I) with chlorosilanes, benzoyl chloride, sulfur, iodine, and iodotrifluoroethylene are described. The synthesis of a pentabromophenylcopper complex (IX) from the Grignard, and some of its reactions are also reported.
Regulation of DNA synthesis in mouse macrophages. II. Studies on mechanisms of action of the macrophage growth factor.

Abstract When mouse macrophages are incubated with medium conditioned by mouse fibroblasts, they are induced to synthesize DNA and divide. This phenomenon is triggered by a macrophage growing factor (MGF) released by the fibroblasts. The presence of a serum cofactor is essential to the activity of the MGF; this cofactor can be removed by dialysis and seems unrelated to the “growth-promoting substances” normally present in serum. The kinetics of DNA synthesis in macrophages stimulated by conditioned medium (CM) is characterized by a lag phase of 24–48 h and a peak synthesis at 4–5 days, followed by a rapid decrease. This decrease is caused by depletion of the MGF from the CM by the growing macrophages.
Prevalence of hypertension in Mexico City and San Antonio, Texas.

BACKGROUNDFew data are available on the prevalence of hypertension in Mexico.METHODS AND RESULTSWe compared the prevalence of mild hypertension (systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mm Hg and/or use of antihypertensive medications) in 1500 low-income Mexican Americans who participated in the San Antonio Heart Study and 2280 low-income Mexicans who participated in the Mexico City Diabetes Study. The crude prevalence of mild hypertension was 17.1% in Mexican men versus 24.4% in Mexican American men (P = .001) and 17.4% in Mexican women versus 22.0% in Mexican American women (P = .005). After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), educational attainment, and percent native American genetic admixture (Caucasian and native American), the odds ratio (Mexico City/San Antonio) was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.39, 0.77; P < .001) in men and 0.81 (CI, 0.54, 1.12; P = .201) in women. In a pooled model incl...
Epigenetic Regulation of WNT Signaling Pathway Genes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Associated Neoplasia

Introduction WNT signaling pathway dysregulation is an important event in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) with APC mutations seen in more than 80% of sporadic CRC. However, such mutations in the WNT signaling pathway genes are rare in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated neoplasia (dysplasia and cancer). This study examined the role of epigenetic silencing of WNT signaling pathway genes in the pathogenesis of IBD-associated neoplasia.
Dual inhibition of sphingosine kinase isoforms ablates TNF-induced drug resistance

Recent research has demonstrated that aberrant sphingolipid signaling is an important mechanism of chemo-resistance in solid tumors. Sphingosine kinase (Sphk), the primary enzyme metabolizing the sphingolipid ceramide into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is a primary mediator of breast cancer promotion, survival and chemoresistance. However, to date the mechanism of Sphk-mediated drug resistance is poorly understood. Using the dual sphingosine kinase isozyme inhibitor, SKI-II (4-[4-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazol-2-ylamino]-phenol), we explored the effects of sphingosine kinase inhibition on multi-drug-resistant breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that SKI-II alters endogenous sphingolipid signaling and decreases cancer proliferation, survival and viability. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of Sphk1/2 induced intrinsic apoptosis in these cells through modulation of the NF-κB pathway. SKI-II decreases NF-κB transcriptional activity through altered phosphorylation of the p65 subunit. Taken together, these results suggest that Sphk may be a promising therapeutic target in chemoresistant cancers.
Optical fibers with high-index-contrast dielectric thin films

The authors analyze electromagnetic wave propagation through optical fibers consisting of a glass core surrounded by a high-refractive-index dielectric thin film, in turn surrounded by a glass cladding. The asymmetry of the structure due to different core and cladding refractive indices results in two types of guided modes: they propagate either in the core and film or only in the film. The dispersion equations are derived, and mode classifications are established for transverse and hybrid modes. The cutoff conditions of transverse modes are given. Numerical simulations are performed to obtain the effects of film index and thickness on the cutoff frequencies and dispersion curves. It is shown that a high-index film causes the modes to become evanescent in the core and guided only in the film. These modes form two types of linearly polarized modes, according as they follow the TE or the TM mode propagation curves of asymmetric slab waveguide. Investigation of power flow along the propagation direction shows that the higher the refractive index of the film, the higher the power density in the film.
Refined measurement of the B-hadron lifetime.

We report a new measurement of the average lifetime of hadrons containing bottom quarks. The B-hadron decays are tagged by identifying leptons at high transverse momentum. From a fit to the lepton impact-parameter distribution, the average B-hadron lifetime is found to be (0.98 0.12 0.13)×10-12 sec. © 1989 The American Physical Society.
Remote sensing and spatial metrics- a new approach for the description of structures and changes in urban areas

This study introduces and evaluates a new methodology using information on image spatial form (spatial metrics) to describe structures and changes in urban land use. The metrics were calculated for segmented areas of homogenous urban land use structure derived from digitally classified color infrared aerial photographs. The results indicate a useful description and separation of three urban land use types: commercial development, high-density residential and low density residential and demonstrate the capabilities of this technique to represent urban growth. This technique has the potential to provide data for several urban applications that should be explored and evaluated in future research activities.
Congruency effects in the letter search task: semantic activation in the absence of priming.

Semantic priming is typically eliminated when participants perform a letter search on the prime, suggesting that semantic activation is conditional upon one’s attentional goals. However, in such studies, semantic activation (or the lack thereof) is not measured during the letter search task itself but, instead, is inferred on the basis of the responses given to a later target. In the present study, direct online evidence for semantic activation was tested using words whose meaning should bias either a positive or a negative response (e.g.,present vs. absent). In Experiment 1, a semantic congruency effect was obtained, with faster responses when the word meaning matched the required response. Experiment 2 replicated the congruency effect while, simultaneously, showing the elimination of semantic priming. It is concluded that letter search does not affect the initiation of semantic activation. Possible accounts for the elimination of priming following letter search include activation-based suppression and transfer-inappropriate processing.
Concurrent vs. Conjoint Marital Therapy

due to the intrapersonal pathologies of each spouse.3 From this perspec tive, treating each spouse individu ally would have the most direct effect on intrapersonal problems. Cookerly did find that forty-two spouses ran domly assigned to concurrent therapy reported significantly greater reduc tions of personal symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, than did the forty-two spouses assigned to con joint counseling. However, Cookerly used the individually oriented Min nesota Multiphasic Personality Inven tory as his outcome measurement and did not include any direct assess ment of interpersonal functioning.4 Conjoint marital therapy was orig inally developed from a systems per spective, in which marital disorders were assumed to be interpersonal in origin.5 From this perspective, treat ing both spouses together would have Charles W. Hefner James O. Prochaska
Information Leaders in Product Development Organizational Networks: Social Network Analysis of the Design Structure Matrix

Many models of Product Development (PD) are concerned with managing the decomposition and integration of tasks, teams and subsystems transforming a conceptual idea into a finished product. Specifically, a PD process is formed of cross-functional teams continuously exchanging information on specified tasks to integrate the product's final structure. Recently, it has been shown that large PD networks (e.g., tasks, teams, or components) follow a Scale Free structure. That is, each PD network included hubs that control information flow. Nevertheless, there is no literature on the implications of these findings on PD management. As a consequence, the objective of this paper is two-folded. First, we examine a set of mathematical measures such as centrality and brokerage used in Social Networks Analysis (SNA) to identify critical players in PD networks. Second, we link these findings to insights and recommendations for the management of complex PD organizational networks; in particular, detection and role designation of information leaders based on the given PD network structure
Memory Devices Based on Solid Electrolytes

Current mainstream memory technologies are unlikely to completely fulfill the solid state data storage requirements that will be imposed beyond the 32 nm node of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. One potential replacement technology is resistance change memory based on solid electrolytes and a number of significant research and development efforts are already underway. The lowering of the resistance is attained by the reduction of ions in a relatively high resistivity electrolyte to form a conducting bridge between the electrodes. The resistance is returned to the high value via the application of a reverse bias that results in the breaking of the conducting pathway. Germanium chalcogenides and Ag-Ge-S ternaries in particular possess good thermal processing characteristics while maintaining the necessary high ion mobility for rapid switching. Thermally diffused copper in deposited SiO2 also is of interest, as thermal stability in excess of 600°C and commonly used constituents makes this material system compatible with the widest range of back-end-of-line processes. This paper details some of the developments in the understanding of the materials used in solid electrolyte resistance change devices and presents a short review of the electrical characteristics of devices based on Ag-Ge-S and Cu-Si-O electrolytes.
On baroclinic instability of ultra-long waves'

Baroclinic instability of ultra-long waves (wave numbers 1, 2, and 3) is studied with a 40-layer, geostrophic, hydrostatic, adiabatic model which is later modified to include Newtonian heating. The assumption of a meridionally-varying zonal current linear in pressure upon which are superimposed localized wavelike perturbations traveling in the west-east direction and static stability dependent only upon the inverse of pressure allows the reduction of the basic equations to a single second-order homogeneous ordinary differential equation in vertical pressure velocity having latitude as an implicit parameter. The “shooting method”, a numerical search procedure to determine the eigenvalue, perturbation phase velocity, is employed under the simplifying boundary conditions that vertical pressure velocity is zero at the top and bottom of the atmosphere. This method requires one exact solution, and a procedure is given to determine it. The adiabatic and Newtonian models are each solved for a zonal wind profile based upon the annual average, 1963 500 mb zonal wind from 25° N to 80° N. It is found that perturbation instability, which is decreased by Newtonian heating, is maximum at 35° N which, in the adiabatic model, corresponds to an e-folding time for the third harmonic of six days. Here, the phase speed, equivalent for adiabatic and Newtonian flow and independent of wave number, is 6 m sec?1. Near equivalence between the models is observed in the vertical structure, the waves tilting westward with decreasing pressure. Instantaneous energetics of the adiabatic and Newtonian models is studied by calculation of the vertical variation and total in a latitudinal strip 10° wide centered on the latitude of maximum instability of the normalized conversion from zonal to eddy available potential energy, C ( A z , A E ), and normalized conversion from eddy available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy, C ( A E , K E ). Here it is found, after summing over all pressures, that C ( A z , A E > 0 and C ( A E , K E ) > 0 for both models which agrees with the time-averaged energetics as observed in the atmosphere. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1971.tb00573.x
Dynamic route diversion in vehicular networks

In vehicular ad hoc networks in a city environment, communication connections need to adapt to fast moving nodes (e.g., vehicles on streets) and large obstacles (e.g., office buildings). Fast moving nodes results in frequent topology changes. Large buildings surrounded by relative narrow streets allow only a short window of communication among nodes. Early solutions address this fundamental requirement by employing techniques that can reconnect a broken link quickly with low overhead. This strategy, however, cannot cope with a high frequency of broken links in a vehicular environment. To address this problem, a few connectionless-oriented techniques, e.g., connectionless approach for vehicular networks, have emerged. These schemes rely on any mobile host along the general direction towards the destination node to help forward the data packets. Extensive simulation results have shown that these methods are more robust, and perform significantly better than connection-oriented techniques. The current connectionless method, however, may suffer from packet drops since traffic congestion is not considered in the packet forwarding policy. We address this weakness, in this paper, by adapt the connectionless approach for vehicular networks with collision avoidance routing technique; and give simulation results, based on GloMoSim, to illustrate their performance advantage.
AEROMAGNETIC SURVEY OF METEOR CRATER, ARIZONA

Aeromagnetic survey of Meteor Crater, Arizona, with magnetometer and interpretation of observed magnetic anomaly
Role for pAKT in rat urinary bladder with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis.

AKT phosphorylation following peripheral nerve injury or inflammation may play a role in somatic pain processes and visceral inflammation. To examine such a role in micturition reflexes with bladde...
An efficient dynamic task scheduling algorithm for battery powered DVS systems

Battery lifetime enhancement is a critical design parameter for mobile computing devices. Maximizing battery life-time is a particularly difficult problem due to the non-linearity of the battery behavior and its dependence on the characteristics of the discharge profile. In this paper we address the problem of dynamic task scheduling with voltage scaling in a battery-powered DVS system. The objective is to maximize the battery performance measured in terms of charge consumption during execution of the tasks. We present a new battery-aware dynamic task scheduling algorithm, darEDF, based on an efficient slack utilization scheme that employs dynamic speed setting of tasks in run queue. We compare darEDF with three state of the art energy-efficient algorithms, lpfpsEDF, lppsEDF, lpSEH, with respect to battery performance and energy consumption. We show that darEDF has better performance than lpSEH (which has close to optimal energy value), and has lower run-time complexity.
HIV vaccine development and broadly neutralizing antibodies

Human immunodeﬁciency virus-1 (HIV-1)infects about 35 million people worldwide[1]. There is no vaccine in current clinicaluse. Although available drug treatmentsare generally effective in controlling infec-tion, they are not curative, can cause signiﬁ-cant side effects and are unable to preventcomorbidities such as cardiovascular dis-easeand cancers. In2012,about 1.6millionpeople worldwide died from acquired im-munodeﬁciencysyndromeduetoHIVinfec-tion [1]. Therefore, there is global interest indeveloping an effective vaccine.HIV-1 evolves extremely rapidly due to thelow ﬁdelity of the virus reverse transcriptase.So,althoughmostHIV-1infectionsstartwitha single virion, within a year, the HIV-1viruses in one infected individual can exhibitabout the same amount of genetic variationasisdisplayedbyinﬂuenzaAvirusesgloballyover the course of a year [ 2]. Neutralizingantibodies can drive variation of HIV enve-lope proteins, which in turn selects for vari-ation in antibody structure, i.e. co-evolution[3](Figure 1). Therefore, strong protectionmight only be associated with vaccineimmunogens capable of eliciting potent,broadly neutralizing antibodies (pbnAbs),which inactivate a very substantial fractionof HIVviruses. PbnAbs often carry anunusu-allyhighnumberofsomaticmutationsintheassociated antigen-bi nding domains (vari-able or V domains) [4] and can also possessother unusual features, such as unusuallylong heavy chain third hypervariable regions,the most variable portion of the V domains.
Colonic perforation secondary to chronic lymphocytic leukemia infiltration without Richter transformation.

The World Health Organization classification of hematopoietic neoplasms describes chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as a leukemic, lymphocytic lymphoma, being distinguishable from small lymphocyti...
Naturally occurring toxins in feedstuffs: Center for Veterinary Medicine Perspective.

The objectives of this review are to provide 1) information on the FDA Feed Contaminants Program, 2) the legal history of aflatoxins and their current action levels, 3) a report on the levels of aflatoxins, fumonisins, vomitoxin, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone in domestic and import surveillance samples of feed during fiscal years 1989 through 1992, and 4) information on naturally occurring toxins encountered recently by the Center for Veterinary Medicine. Ten of 644 (1.6%) domestic corn samples and 7 of 106 (6.6%) domestic cottonseed samples contained aflatoxins at levels > 300 ppb. The mean fumonisin level in the 1990 survey of 85 corn screening samples was 12.1 ppm, and the values ranged from 2.6 to 32 ppm. The mean vomitoxin levels in the 1991 survey of 207 winter wheat samples and 206 spring wheat samples was 2.4 and .9 ppm, respectively. Ochratoxin A was not detected in 168 samples. Zearalenone was detected at levels > .15 ppm in only 1 of 161 samples. Cottonseed containing 13,000 ppm gossypol was recently implicated in the deaths of dairy cows. Crambe meal and canola meal are sanctioned for use in feed with certain restrictions, including the levels of glucosinolates. The FDA is continuing its surveillance and will strive to provide guidance on the increasing number of naturally occurring toxins.
Oxygen Consumption of Elite Distance Runners on an Anti-Gravity Treadmill®

Lower body positive pressure (LBPP), or 'anti-gravity' treadmills® have become increasingly popular among elite distance runners. However, to date, few studies have assessed the effect of body weight support (BWS) on the metabolic cost of running among elite runners. This study evaluated how BWS influenced the relationship between velocity and metabolic cost among 6 elite male distance runners. Participants ran three- 16 minute tests consisting of 4 stages of 4 minutes at 8, 7, 6 and 5 min·mile(-1) pace (3.35, 3.84, 4.47 and 5.36 m·s(-1)), while maintaining an aerobic effort (Respiratory Exchange Ratio ≤1.00). One test was run on a regular treadmill, one on an anti-gravity treadmill with 40% BWS and one with 20% BWS being provided. Expired gas data were collected and regression equations used to determine and compare slopes. Significant decreases in oxygen uptake (VO2) were found with each increase in BWS (p < 0.001). At 20% BWS, the average decrease in net VO2 was greater than proportional (34%), while at 40% BWS, the average net reduction in VO2 was close to proportional (38%). Across velocities, the slope of the relationship between VO2 and velocity (ΔVO2/Δv) was steeper with less support. The slopes at both the 20% and 40% BWS conditions were similar, especially when compared to the regular treadmill. Variability in VO2 between athletes was much greater on the LBPP treadmill and was greater with increased levels of BWS. In this study we evaluated the effect of body weight support on VO2 among elite distance runners. We have shown that oxygen uptake decreased with support, but not in direct proportion to that support. Further, because of the high variability in oxygen uptake between athletes on the LBPP treadmill, prediction equations may not be reliable and other indicators (heart rate, perceived exertion or directly measured oxygen uptake) should be used to guide training intensity when training on the LBPP treadmill. Key pointsWith increasing amounts of body weight-support (BWS), the slope of the relationship between velocity and oxygen consumption (ΔVO2/Δv) decreases significantly. This means the change in oxygen consumption (VO2) is significantly smaller over a given change in velocity at higher amounts of BWS.There is a non-linear decrease in VO2 with increasing BWS. As such, with each increment in the amount of BWS provided, the reduction in VO2 becomes increasingly smaller.This paper provides first of its kind data on the effects of BWS on the cost of running among highly trained, elite runners. The outcomes of this study are in line with previous findings among non-elite runners.
The Variational Method and the Harmonic Oscillator

Frankly speaking, we didn’t really solve the Schrodinger equation for the particle in a box. We displayed a solution and showed that it worked. In fact, there are very few Schrodinger equations for which one can find solutions in the form of simple analytical functions. It is necessary to resort to approximate techniques. The most important of these is the variational method, which we will discuss in this chapter. Its use will be illustrated by applying it to problems for which exact solutions in the form of analytical functions can be found. These will be the particle in the box and the harmonic oscillator. The latter problem is of great importance and its solutions will be studied in some detail.
Increasing Employment Stability and Earnings for Low-Wage Workers - Lessons from the Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) Project

Many recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and other low-income individuals find or keep jobs for a while, but far fewer remain steadily employed and advance in the labor market. The Employment Retention and Advancement (ERA) project was launched in 1999 to identify and determine the effectiveness of different program strategies designed to promote employment stability and earnings growth among current or former welfare recipients and other low-income individuals. The study was conceived and funded by the Administration for Children and Families in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; supplemental support was provided by the U.S. Department of Labor, and the evaluation was conducted by MDRC.Using random assignment research designs, ERA tested 16 different program models in eight states and estimated effects over a three- to four-year follow-up period. The focus of this synthesis is primarily on the 12 programs that targeted more employable groups, as opposed to harder-to-employ groups, such as individuals with known disabilities. Three of these 12 programs produced consistent increases in individuals’ employment retention and advancement, and the others did not. The project points to some strategies that succeeded in improving retention and earnings among low-income single parents and provides some lessons. Key ones include: Supporting employment stability is likely to be a more effective strategy than encouraging job stability — that is, staying employed in the same job. Earnings supplements, tied to job retention and that help to make low-wage work pay, ideally coupled with job coaching, can promote sustained employment and advancement. By themselves, counseling and referrals to services to help people stay employed do not appear to increase employment retention and advancement.Although the ERA project found that some strategies can improve low-income individuals’ employment and earnings, the improvements were not transformational. The majority of the programs tested did not improve participants’ retention and advancement, and most sample members remained poor or near-poor at the end of the study. Much is left to learn about how best to foster upward mobility for the millions of low-wage workers across the nation and lift them and their families out of poverty.
Wind Dispersal of Brown Soft Scale Crawlers, Coccus hesperidum (Homoptera: Coccidae), and Texas Citrus Mites, Eutetranychus banksi (Acarina: Tetranychidae) from Texas Citrus

The Texas citrus mite, Eutetranychus banksi (Mcgregor), and crawlers of the brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum L., were wind-transported for at least 179 feet from a test grove in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. The mites were dispersed and caught on Tree Tanglefoot® traps in greater numbers than the scale crawlers. No eggs of the mite were found on the trap surfaces. Small gusts of wind dispersed more mites than constant wind at higher velocities. A sharp decrease in the number of individuals trapped was noted at the locations more distant from the population source (the test grove). The numbers of these 2 citrus pests found on the traps indicated that an infestation could be wind-borne from a neighboring grove or within an infested grove area, or, in the case of the scale, from alternate host plants.
In vitro hyphal interactions among wood- and leaf-inhabiting ascomycetes and fungi imperfecti from freshwater habitats

In vitro hyphal interactions of 25 species of leaf- and/or wood-inhabiting aquatic hyphomycetes and ascomycetes were characterized. In 96.9% of the interactions, growth of one or both of the members of an interacting pair was inhibited to some degree; stimulation of growth did not occur. Fungi could be distributed along gradients according to their ability to inhibit or resist inhibition. Generally, woodinhabiting species were more inhibitory and resistant to inhibition than leaf-inhabiting species. When species rankings of ability to inhibit and resist inhibition were summed to give an interaction index, wood-inhabiting species ranked above leaf-inhabiting species. Early colonists on wood were exceptions to this pattern. Eight species produced zones of inhibition suggesting that they produce diffusible antifungal substances.
Haiman's Speech and Law in a Free Society: Some Self-Indulgent Queries for Professor Haiman

(1989). Haiman's Speech and Law in a Free Society: Some Self-Indulgent Queries for Professor Haiman. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 124-134.
Solid glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast (a light and ultrastructural study).

A solid glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast is described. Its distinction from other breast tumors with a clear cell component is discussed. The previously reported example of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast and our case both were positive for estrogen receptors, and neither showed axillary nodal involvement or distant spread. It is suggested that glycogen-rich carcinoma may behave in a less aggressive fashion than either infiltrating ductal or lobular carcinoma of the breast.
Biostatistics and Epidemiology: A Primer for Health and Biomedical Professionals, 4th Edition

By Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller, Ph.D. and Jordan Smoller, M.D., Sc.D. Published by Springer, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013-1578, 2015. 260 p. Price $49.99 (soft cover) Description: The fourth edition of this book on the foundations of epidemiological designs and statistical methods includes