cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of sublingual nitroglycerin on the digital circulation of man.

By means of the digital rheoplethysmographic (RPG) method, the effect of sublingually administered nitroglycerin (NTG), 1/200 gr (0.3 mg), on the digital circulation was studied in 17 normal subjects and 5 patients with ischemic heart disease and angina pectoris. NTG produced dilatation of all digital vessels, re flected especially by increases in total digital volume. NTG produced marked changes in the dicrotic notch of the pulse wave, noted also in inflow volume curves but not in outflow volume curves. The dicrotic notch was displaced later on the descending limb of the digital pulse wave and became deeper and more prominent after NTG. It is suggested that NTG produces disproportionate dila tation of the arterial system, having its greatest effect on arteries near the heart, including the coronaries and great vessels branching off the aorta, and on left intraventricular cavity pressure. This greater regional vasodilatation of vessels near the heart could delay closure of the aortic valve, producing a de...
A system for defining reference materials applicable to all food matrices

Recently the subcommittee on Food Definition of the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Task Force on Methods for Nutrition Labeling proposed a “Food Matrix Organizational System” [4] to systematically judge the applicability of collaboratively studied methods over a range of food matrices. This system describes a food matrix by its location in one of nine sectors in a triangle, with each point of the triangle defined as representing 100% and the opposite side representing 0% of the normalized contents of each of three major components of FAT, PROTEIN and CARBOHYDRATE. Foods falling within the same sector would be chemically similar and thus should behave in a similar analytical manner. This same scheme can be used to select one or two food matrices representing each sector, for development of a series of reference materials representing all foods. The list of 5250 foods contained in the USDA Nutrient Data Base for Standard Reference has been sorted and matched to this schematic to determine the scope of the selection process. In addition the list of foods in the “USDA Data Base for Food Consumption Surveys” has been examined. Results and progress of this selection process are reported.
Spatio-temporal analysis of cropland changes in US in the last decade

Land use land cover changes (LULCC) are expected to occur due to population growth, climate change and bioenergy demand. It is imperative that we develop better data analysis and techniques to estimate these changes to better predict the consequences and impacts of such changes on the environment. In this study we analyze time series MODIS land cover data to estimate patterns of spatio-temporal cropland and grassland change by analyzing nine years of consistent land cover data. Our results show that the rate of displacement of cropland and grassland by each other declined for the fist half of the last decade while it increased in the second half of the decade. Most of these changes were concentrated in the Great Plain regions and included states in the Corn Belt.
Benign phyllodes tumor of the breast recurring as a malignant phyllodes tumor and spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma

Summary We report a unique case of a 59-year-old woman diagnosed with a benign phyllodes tumor (PT), which recurred twice in the same location over a 7-year period: first as a malignant PT and then as a malignant PT with coexisting spindle cell metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC). The MBC was differentiated from the malignant PT by expression of cytokeratins (CKs) AE1/AE3, CK MNF-116, CK 5/6, and p63. Somatic mutation analysis using a next-generation sequencing platform revealed a shared mutation in F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7, a tumor suppressor gene that encodes a ubiquitin ligase–associated protein, in the original benign PT and the first recurrent malignant PT. Chromosomal microarray analysis showed shared genetic gains and losses between the malignant PT and MBC. This case highlights the utility of immunohistochemistry to differentiate malignant PT from spindle cell MBC, describes a novel mutation in PT, and demonstrates a biologic relationship between these 2 entities.
Technological learning and renewable energy costs: implications for US renewable energy policy

Abstract This paper analyzes the relationship between current renewable energy technology costs and cumulative production, research, development and demonstration expenditures, and other institutional influences. Combining the theoretical framework of ‘learning by doing’ and developments in ‘learning by searching’ with the fields of organizational learning and institutional economics offers a complete methodological framework to examine the underlying capital cost trajectory when developing electricity cost estimates used in energy policy planning models. Sensitivities of the learning rates for global wind and solar photovoltaic technologies to changes in the model parameters are tested. The implications of the results indicate that institutional policy instruments play an important role for these technologies to achieve cost reductions and further market adoption.
Research on physiological and physical concomitants of caregiving: Where do we go from here?

This article discusses the current state of research on the physiological and physical concomitants of caregiving. We offer recommendations about theoretical, empirical, and treatment issues that researchers should consider in future investigations. Important theoretical issues include specifying acute and chronic stress in caregiving research. Empirical issues include sample selection, home versus clinic assessments, the use of experimental probes, moderating and mediating variables, and measurement issues (problems with self-report of health, medical records, physical exams, and lab assessments). Finally, we note that investigators should use this newfound knowledge to target interventions to specific subsets of vulnerable caregivers. In this way, basic research into caregiving, as a model of chronic human stress, can provide more focused approaches to benefit both caregivers and patients.
MO-E-T-618-01: An Integrated CT-Based Monte Carlo Dose-Evaluation System for Brachytherapy and Its Application to Permanent Prostate Implant Postprocedure Dosimetric Analysis

Purpose: To develop a novel integrated CT-based Monte Carlo (MC) dose-evaluation system and use it to investigate the effect of tissue heterogeneities and interseed attenuation on brachytherapy dose distributions. Method and Materials: A MC photon-transport (MCPT) brachytherapy dose-calculation engine, PTRAN_CT, which uses x-ray CT to estimate tissue cross-sections, is developed based on PTRAN_CCG version 7.44. PTRAN_CT uses fast ray tracing that combines patient anatomy modeling via 3D voxel arrays with modeling of sources and applicators via a general combinatorial geometry code. A generalized phase-space source is used for further increasing efficiency. PTRAN_CT uses cross-section data derived from a single-energy CT image. PTRAN_CT was incorporated into an integrated system for performing postimplant dosimetric analysis of permanent prostate implants. A clinical implant consisting of 78 Model-6711 I-125 seeds was investigated to quantify interseed and tissue heterogeneity effects. Three scenarios were simulated a) comprehensive MC simulation including tissue heterogeneities and complete seed geometry b) complete seed geometry in homogeneous water and c) homogeneous water using 2D TG-43 source superposition. Results: Compared to case b), tissue heterogeneities (case a)) reduce doses by 5.8% on average in the target volume, after excluding artifacts from CT data. Interseed effects (case b) vs c)), reduce doses by 3% on average. The seed streaking artifact in CT data can affect MC result as large as 6%. The efficiency of PTRAN_CT relative to the predecessor code PTRAN_CCG is increased by factors of two and five, respectively, with and without enabling the phase-space option. In case b), PTRAN_CT yields the same dose distribution as benchmarked PTRAN_744. Conclusion: A novel post-implant dose evaluation system, based upon an accelerated CT-based Monte Carlo brachytherapy dose-calculation engine, has been developed and its accuracy and efficiency demonstrated. Preliminary results suggest that tissue heterogeneity effects can be incorporated into the clinical planning process.
Three-Dimensional Multibody Tracked Vehicle Modeling and Simulation

Off-road vehicles have broad areas of application (in agriculture, in the construction industry, in the transport industry, in the military, in the U.S. space programs, in the oil and gas industry). A large segment of the off-road vehicles is made up by the tracked vehicles. The purpose of this study is to develop and implement an independent vehicle model. The vehicle model is general, in the sense that it is not restricted to a specific vehicle; it can model vehicles with varying numbers of road wheels, or different suspension characteristics It can be used, together with a track model, to analyze several types of tracked vehicles. A recursive dynamics formulation approach is used to model the vehicle. All the computations are performed in relative coordinates. The kinematic formulation of the model is presented, as well as the dynamic analysis, including the external and the internal applied forces. Dynamic settling simulations of the vehicle model on several types of soil are presented. The vehicle model presented in this study serves as a support, to help testing and comparing different track models and track-terrain interaction formulations.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Long-term change in mussel (Mytilus californianus Conrad) populations along the wave-exposed coast of southern California

Mussel (Mytilus californianus) populations were studied throughout California to determine changes over the past few decades, and, in particular, to determine if declines reported for southern California have occurred outside of the region. We compared mussel cover, biomass, and bed thickness reported in historic studies in the mid-1970s to 1980s with measurements made in 2002. Mussel cover and biomass in southern California declined markedly over the past few decades with a mean cover loss of 31.2% (40.2% loss) and biomass loss of 25.1 kg m−2 (51.3% loss). Changes in mussel bed thickness were not as strong as cover and biomass, but also appeared to decline over time. Declines were limited to the southern California region, since mussel cover, biomass, and bed thickness remained unchanged or increased at sites in central and northern California. Causes for mussel declines in southern California are unknown, but may include human visitation, increased sea surface temperatures, and pollution.
Combining Treatment for Written and Spoken Naming

Individuals with left-hemisphere damage often have concomitant impairment of spoken and written language. Whereas some treatment studies have shown that reading paired with spoken naming can benefit both language modalities, little systematic research has been directed toward the treatment of spelling combined with spoken naming. The purpose of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect of pairing a lexical spelling treatment referred to as Copy and Recall Treatment (CART) with verbal repetition of target words. This approach (CART 1 Repetition) was compared with treatment using verbal repetition without the inclusion of orthographic training (Repetition Only). Two individuals with moderate aphasia and severe impairment of spelling participated in the study using a multiple baseline design across stimulus sets and treatment conditions. Both participants improved spelling of targeted words as well as spoken naming of those items, but improvement in spoken naming was marked for one individual in the CART 1 Repetition condition, while the other participant made smaller gains in spoken than written naming irrespective of treatment condition. Consideration of the participant profiles suggested that CART 1 Repetition provides greater benefit when there is some residual phonological ability and the treatment serves to stimulate links between orthography and phonology. (JINS, 2006, 12, 816–827.)
Molecular population genetics of the Arabidopsis Cauliflower regulatory gene: Nonneutral evolution and naturally occurring variation in floral homeotic function

The evolution of interspecies differences in morphology requires sufficient within-species variation in developmental regulatory systems on which evolutionary forces can act. Molecular analyses of naturally occurring alleles of the Arabidopsis thaliana CAULIFLOWER locus reveal considerable intraspecific diversity at this floral homeotic gene, and the McDonald–Kreitman test suggests that this gene is evolving in a nonneutral fashion, with an excess of intraspecific replacement polymorphisms. The naturally occurring molecular variation within this floral regulatory gene is associated with functionally different alleles, which can be distinguished phenotypically by their differential ability to direct floral meristem development.
HIV Education at the Secondary Level: An Urgent Necessity

A compelling need for HIV/AIDS educa tion does exist, and this writer warns that educators must take the initiative to provide instruction that is grounded in the reality of young people's lives.
Where the students are …computing services at the customer source

Information and Access Technology Services at the University of Missouri-Columbia has long struggled with its physical location on the edge of campus. In my 20+ years of experience we have consistently been on the far east or north edge of campus. For many years no parking was adjacent to the building. In the late 80’s we did a brief stint in a building actually surrounded by a parking lot (we were still on the north side, mind you, but at least we had parking). However in 1997 we moved across the street (even further north of campus) but the parking lot stayed where it was. Students have always found our locations inconvenient to their predominantly foot-based traffic. During our tenure on the east edge of campus we encouraged customers to visit by locating the Help Desk (and the only late night computing lab) in that building as well. That was successful until computing grew to require more labs distributed around campus and we opened another 24-hour facility. With our first move to the northwest edge of campus we emphasized the close parking (not actually open to students, however). We continued the ploy of keeping the Help Desk adjacent to a late night computing lab in this building. We also beefed up the Help Desk consulting staff by hiring graduate students to extend the quality and quantity of consulting help available. Other services that brought customers to our building included computer hardware repair and an office to sell deeply discounted software. The last move took us only across the street but saw a drastic change in orientation. Yes, we still sold software and repaired hardware from the new location. But gone was the computing lab and orientation towards walk-up consulting. Was walk-up consulting actually needed at the administrative building? The thought was that it was not crucial. By this time we had 13 general access computing labs and 30 residence hall labs. The consulting staff in these facilities included 5 full-time employees, 5 graduate students, and 150+ students. Two computing labs were open 24 hours/day. Since we did no walk-up consulting, we also reduced our help desk hours (based on call averages). With all that consulting available around campus, what more could a customer need? Apparently walk-up consulting!
A Selective Etching Process for Chemically Inert High-k Metal Oxides

Once annealed, high-k metal oxides such as HfO2 and Al2O3 can be extremely difficult to etch by wet chemical methods. Here we describe how ion bombardment at relatively low energy (a few hundred eV) can be used to make exposed regions of annealed HfO2 films etchable in aqueous HF-based solutions. HfO2 layers, 2–5 nm in thickness, were deposited by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition (ALCVD) on Si substrates, annealed at 700 °C, and subjected to selected-area ion bombardment supplied by an oxygen plasma in a reactive ion etching tool. Etch times (as indicated by time to “dewet“) were examined as a function of HfO2 thickness, the power and time of oxygen plasma treatments, post-oxygen-plasma anneals, and wet etch chemistry. Strategies for etching thicker films and additional data provided by electrochemical open circuit potential (OCP) measurements will also be discussed.
Does voluntary corporate citizenship pay? An examination of the UN Global Compact

Purpose – The UN Global Compact (GC) is the world's largest voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative. Signatory companies voluntarily agree to abide by the GC ten principles and explicitly declare compliance with social and human rights, environmental protection, and anti‐corruption practices. Participants commit to CSR and are required to publish a yearly report called Communication on Progress (COP). If firms fail to provide a COP for one year they are labeled “non‐communicating”, and for two years they are “delisted” from the GC. In 2006, the first list of non‐communicating and delisted firms was announced. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent by which being a signatory company – that reports COP – reduces information risk, and thus leads to better market returns, lower cost of debt, and lower cost of equity.Design/methodology/approach – The authors studied the period from the launch of the GC until the first list of non‐communicating firms was made public, investiga...
The intrinsic memorability of face photographs.

The faces we encounter throughout our lives make different impressions on us: Some are remembered at first glance, while others are forgotten. Previous work has found that the distinctiveness of a face influences its memorability—the degree to which face images are remembered or forgotten. Here, we generalize the concept of face memorability in a large-scale memory study. First, we find that memorability is an intrinsic feature of a face photograph—across observers some faces are consistently more remembered or forgotten than others—indicating that memorability can be used for measuring, predicting, and manipulating subsequent memories. Second, we determine the role that 20 personality, social, and memory-related traits play in face memorability. Whereas we find that certain traits (such as kindness, atypicality, and trustworthiness) contribute to face memorability, they do not suffice to explain the variance in memorability scores, even when accounting for noise and differences in subjective experience. This suggests that memorability itself is a consistent, singular measure of a face that cannot be reduced to a simple combination of personality and social facial attributes. We outline modern neuroscience questions that can be explored through the lens of memorability.
Dietary variation and food hardness in sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys): Implications for fallback foods and dental adaptation

We present information on food hardness and monthly dietary changes in female sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in Tai Forest, Ivory Coast to reassess the hypothesis that thick molar enamel is parsimoniously interpreted as a response to consumption of hard foods during fallback periods. We demonstrate that the diet of sooty mangabeys varies seasonally, but that one food—Sacoglottis gabonensis—is the most frequently consumed food every month and year round. This food is the hardest item in the sooty diet. Given that this species has among the thickest enamel within the primate order, a plausible conclusion is that thick enamel in this taxon evolved not in response to seasonally critical function or fallback foods, but rather to the habitual, year round processing of a mechanically protected foodstuff. These data serve as a caution against de rigueur interpretations that reliance on fallback foods during lean periods primarily explains the evolution of thick enamel in primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:413–423, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased life span and decreased weight in hamsters exposed to cigarette smoke.

Five groups of fifty-one 2-month-old male Syrian golden hamsters received three 10-minute exposures to cigarette smoke per day, 5 days per week, for the duration of their lives. Three of the groups were also chronically exposed to aerosols of chrysotile asbestos, cobalt oxide, and nickel oxides, respectively. The fourth group received twelve weekly injections of 0.25 mg of diethylnitrosamine. The smoke-exposed groups lived significantly (P is less than .01) longer than their sham-exposed cohorts and untreated controls. Their mean body weights were significantly (P is less than .01) lower than in the sham-exposed groups. The hypothesis is proposed that delayed onset of amyloidosis and lower body weight in the smoke-exposed hamsters may have been responsible for their increased life spans. It is hypothesized that cigarette smoke affected the immune system of the animals, resulting in retardation of amyloidosis, a frequent cause of death in hamsters.
Social Cognition and Evolutionary Psychology: Physical Attractiveness and Contrast Effects on Women's Self-perceived Body Image

Self-evaluations of body image were examined in a 2 (attractiveness of stimulus person) 2 (sex of stimulus person) design to determine if contrast effects consistent with evolutionary psychology occur for women's self-perceptions of their body image. Main effects for attractiveness were hypothesized. Higher self-ratings for figure-related aspects of body image were predicted for women exposed to an unattractive male or female. These effects were significant. Women exposed to an unnattractive male or female had more positive feelings about figure-related aspects of their body image than women exposed to an attractive male or female. Contrast effects in accordance with evolutionary theory occur for aspects of body image that play a role in inferences regarding reproductive fitness. Des auto-evaluations de l'image corporelle sont examinees a l'aide d'un scheme 2 (attirance envers la personne-stimulus) 2 (sexe de la personne-stimulus) pour de terminer si les effets de contraste pre dits par la the orie de la ...
Design of an automatic steering controller for bus revenue service based on drivers' steering mechanism

This paper describes an automatic steering controller based on a target and control driver steering model. Derived based on analyses of vehicle test data on the standard Double Lane Change (DLC) course, this novel target and control driver model captures driver's key steering mechanisms. The analyses show that, instead of planning and following a desired path according to the traditional trajectory planning concept, drivers use the next lane center as the target points to generate vehicle angle error for control during lane changes. The data also suggests that drivers apply steering rate control instead of the conventional steering angle control to steer the vehicle. By extending this relatively straight-forward look-ahead based driver steering model to an automatic steering controller with a “look-down” sensing system, an equivalent controller structure was derived. The structure revealed that drivers apply a PID-type controller whose look-ahead distances and feedback gains are dependent on the vehicle speed. This equivalent controller was directly implemented on a 60-ft articulated bus for revenue service on a narrow and curving bus rapid transit line at Eugene, Oregon, USA. The field tests demonstrated that the controller achieved all the stringent performance and robustness requirements. This automated steering bus started its daily revenue service (i.e., carrying passengers) started in June, 2013.
Adaptation of the ISODATA clustering algorithm for vector supercomputer execution

Cluster analysis is an interdisciplinary study which involves the grouping of similar objects based on their measured attributes. The purpose of a cluster analysis is to investigate the structure and organization of the objects being studied. A description is given of the adaptation of the ISODATA clustering algorithm for vector supercomputer execution. On the CYBER 205, the algorithm runs 30 times faster than the original algorithm on the CYBER 205 using full automatic vectorization and 300 times faster than on a VAX 11/780. The major source of improvement over automatic vectorization is achieved by reorganizing the data structures used by the program. The modified algorithm yields increased performance on any vector computer. >
Use of SPECT difference imaging to assess subcortical blood flow changes during epileptic seizures.

USE OF SPECT DIFFERENCE IMAGING TO ASSES S SUBCORTICAL BLOOD FLOW CHANGES DURING EPILEPTIC SEIZURES. Andrew D. Norden and Hal Blumenfeld. Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Seizures are thought to arise primarily from the cerebral cortex. However, the propagation and behavioral manifestations of seizures involve a network of both cortical and subcortical structures. The medial thalamus and upper brainstem reticular formation are crucial areas for the maintenance of normal consciousness. Bilateral involvement of these structures may be responsible for loss of consciousness during partial seizures. Therefore, we sought to investigate the role of the medial thalamus and brainstem in seizures. We performed SPECT ictal-interictal difference imaging co-registered with high-resolution MRI scans to localize regions of cerebral blood flow changes in patients undergoing inpatient monitoring for epilepsy. Ictal-interictal SPECT scans from 43 seizures in 40 patients were analyzed. The medial thalami showed SPECT difference imaging changes of >20% in 18 patients. Of patients with medial thalamic changes, the majority (13 of 18) had seizure onset in the temporal lobe, while only 1 had confirmed onset in extratemporal structures, and the remainder were non-localized. In contrast, in the 22 patients without >20% SPECT changes in the medial thalami, 6 had extratemporal onset, 6 had temporal onset, and the remainder were non-localized. In patients with temporal lobe seizures, the side of greater medial thalamic and brainstem reticular formation involvement was strongly related to SPECT injection timing such that there was a sequential pattern of ipsilateral followed by contralateral changes. Brainstem structures showed >20% SPECT changes in 27 of 43 seizures with no clear relation to temporal or extratemporal onset. We conclude that the medial thalamus is preferentially involved in seizures arising from the temporal lobes, possibly reflecting the strong connections between limbic temporal structures and the medial thalamus. Sequential involvement of ipsilateral followed by contralateral structures in the medial thalamus and upper brainstem may explain how seizures produce peri-ictal loss of consciousness despite incomplete involvement of the cerebral cortex. Acknowledgements I am deeply grateful to my mentor, Dr. Hal Blumenfeld, for his tremendous enthusiasm, encouragement, support, time, and friendship. I also thank the Office of Student Research for financial support.
Two Virtual Fingers in the Control of the Tripod Grasp

To investigate the organization of multi-fingered grasping, we asked subjects to grasp an object using three digits: the thumb, the index finger, and the middle or ring finger. The object had three coarse flat contact surfaces, whose locations and orientations were varied systematically. Subjects were asked to grasp and lift the object and then to hold it statically. We analyzed the grasp forces in the horizontal plane that were recorded during the static hold period. Static equilibrium requires that the forces exerted by the three digits intersect at a common point, the force focus. The directions of the forces exerted by the two fingers opposing the thumb depended on the orientation of the contact surfaces of both fingers but not on the orientation of the contact surface of the thumb. The direction of the thumb's force did not depend on the orientation of the contact surfaces of the two fingers and depended only weakly on the orientation of the thumb's contact surface. In general, the thumb's force was directed to a point midway between the two fingers. The results are consistent with a hierarchical model of the control of a tripod grasp. At the first level, an opposition space is created between the thumb and a virtual finger located approximately midway between the two actual fingers. The directions of the forces exerted by the two fingers are constrained to be mirror symmetric about the opposition axis. The actual directions of finger force are elaborated at the next level on the basis of stability considerations.
The First Sale Doctrine

Copyright law’s first sale doctrine might seem straightforward. On its face, it tells us that, after the first sale of a particular object that embodies a copyrighted work, the copyright holder’s rights are exhausted, and the relevant embodiment is therefore free to flow in the stream of commerce. But what happens if the original buyer agrees by contract not to resell? And what if the original sale is not a sale at all, but instead is characterized by the parties as a license? And what if that embodiment is not physical but instead digital? In this podcast from ipcolloquium.com, we set out to understand the first sale doctrine, tracing its public policy justifications and comparing copyright’s approach to that of antitrust. Guests include UC Irvine’s Tony Reese, Boston University’s Michael Salinger, and George Mason Law Professor Josh Wright. UCLA’s Doug Lichtman hosts. (You can access the podcast for free from the IPColloquium website.)
How to Take a Law School Essay Exam

This document was written as a handout for first year law students in a Civil Procedure class, but it could be useful for any class that will involve a graded essay exam. It identifies the features that make for a good answer, suggests techniques for planning the essay before writing it, and offers suggestions for the most clear and efficient ways to write the essay itself.
The μSCAPE System: 3-Dimensional Profiling of Microfluidic Architectural Features Using a Flatbed Scanner

We developed a microfluidic scanner-based profile exploration system, μSCAPE, capable of generating high resolution 3D profiles of microstructure architecture in a variety of transparent substrates. The profile is obtained by scanning the dye-filled microstructure followed by absorbance calculation and the reconstruction of the optical length at each point. The power of the method was demonstrated in (1) the inspection of the variation of the cross-section of laser-ablated PDMS channel; (2) the volume of PeT chamber; and (3) the population distribution of the volumes of the micro wells in HF-etched glass and laser-ablated PDMS. The reported methods features low equipment-cost, convenient operation and large field of view (FOV), and has revealed unreported quality parameters of the tested microstructures.
Design and implementation of a home automation system for smart grid applications

A home automation system for smart grid is designed and implemented. The system monitors temperature and humidity and controls air conditioning, lights and appliances. The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol and Djanjo web framework are used. A graphical user interface is developed to enable the user to control the devices remotely via a website.
Abstract 2131: Accurate quantitation of absolute allelic copy-numbers in primary solid tumor samples from SNP-array / WGS data reveals patterns of tumor progression

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Genomic imbalances are a hallmark of cancer cells. Genomic regions recurrently gained or lost in many cancer samples often harbor oncogenes or tumor suppressors, making whole-genome characterization of copy-number a widely adopted strategy for the study of cancer In practice, copy-number analysis is typically performed using techniques such as array-CGH, SNP-array, or whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. Because a fixed quantity of DNA is extracted from a tumor sample for each of these methods, the concentration of each genomic locus is dependant on both the fraction of tumor cells and the ploidy (DNA mass) of each tumor cell. Because these quantities are generally unknown, downstream analysis of copy-number changes has been limited to consideration of relative gains/losses. Here we describe a recently developed computational method capable of accurately inferring the tumor purity, ploidy, and genome-wide absolute allelic copy-numbers from data obtained by either SNP-array (several platforms are supported), or WGS. Validation data comprised of tumor-normal cell-line mixing experiments verify the accuracy of the method. Application of these methods to large tumor-cohorts allowed for systematic re-assessment of homozygous deletion and LOH in heavily contaminated samples. These results allow for the assessment of preferential allelic deletion or amplification in genomic regions of recurrent copy loss or gain, respectively. Our data suggest that the distribution of tumor-ploidy is bi-modal for many common epithelial tumor types, with a hypo-diploid subset and a second subset of samples with ploidy ranging from three to five [haploid genomes]. The observed patterns of allelic copy-number are consistent with a model of tumor progression by which high-ploidy samples arose via whole-genome doubling from an intermediate hypo-diploid state. These analyses allow us to define characteristic “early” genomic events in several tumor types. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2131.
Investigation of the inhibitory effect of nitrite on Photosystem II.

The role of chloride in photosystem II (PSII) is unclear. Several monovalent anions compete for the Cl– site(s) in PSII, and some even support activity. NO2– has been reported to be an activator in Cl–-depleted PSII membranes. In this paper, we report a detailed investigation of the chemistry of NO2– with PSII. NO2– is shown to inhibit PSII activity, and the effects on the donor side as well as the acceptor side are characterized using steady-state O2-evolution assays, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, electron-transfer assays, and flash-induced polarographic O2 yield measurements. Enzyme kinetics analysis shows multiple sites of NO2– inhibition in PSII with significant inhibition of oxygen evolution at <5 mM NO2–. By EPR spectroscopy, the yield of the S2 state remains unchanged up to 15 mM NO2–. However, the S2-state g = 4.1 signal is favored over the g = 2 multiline signal with increasing NO2– concentrations. This could indicate competition of NO2– for the Cl– site at higher NO2– conce...
Isn’t it romantic? Differential associations between romantic screen media genres and romantic beliefs.

The goal of the present study was to investigate the associations between exposure to different genres of romantic screen media and idealistic romantic beliefs. Participants were 625 college students who completed a survey that assessed exposure to 3 romantic screen media genres (marriage-themed rea
Review on methods of strategic environmental assessment and its application

Strategic environmental assessment is in favor of harmonious development between environment and economy. However, theories and methods of strategic environmental assessment are not perfect so that strategic environmental assessment is limited. Considering economy-society-environment system as an assessment object of strategic environmental assessment is complicated, methods of strategic environmental assessment and its application are reviewed, and some problems from application of strategic environmental assessment are discussed in this paper. Finally, it concludes that methods of strategic environmental assessment will be integrated with methods of policy, program and plan, and synthesized decision modes are constructed. Furthermore, multipurpose-integrated methods of strategic environmental assessment are main development trend.
Treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fracture with locking plate and dynamic hip screw:A meta-analysis

Objective To compare the effects of locking plate(LP) and dynamic hip screw(DHS) on intertrochanteric femoral fracture(IFF) by meta-analysis.Methods A meta-analysis of papers about the effects of LP and DHS on IFF covered in CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases from 1990 to 2011 was performed.Intra-and post-operation indications were analyzed with the Stata 10.0 software.Results Of the 2 679 IFF patients in 33 papers included in this study,1 214(45.3%)were treated with LP and 1 465(54.7%)were treated with DHS.The function recovery rate of hip joint was higher in patients after LP treatment than after DHS treatment(OR=2.21,95% CI=1.68-2.91,z =5.69,P0.001).The incidence of complication was lower in patients after LP treatment than after DHS treatment(OR=0.46,95% CI=0.27-0.79,z=2.80,P=0.005) while the other curative indications were superior to LP treatment than to DHS treatment.Conclusion The effect of LP is better than that of DHS on IFF.However,the condition of patients should be considered when LP or DHS is used in treatment of IFF.
Study of Influence to Simple Obesity Among Children With Spoon-feeding and Life Style

Objective To study the spoon-feeding and life style influencing factors of child simple obesity and to provide reference for child obesity prevention and control. Methods A case-controlled study was carried out by using questionnaire. The prevalence rate of child simple obesity and its influencing factors were analyzed. Results A total of 6,288 pupils aged 6 to 9 years were screened. The prevalence rate of child simple obesity was 3.59%. Logistic regression analysis showed that mainly with artificial food feeding during 6-12 months old (OR=2.84); adding meat after 6 months old (OR=0.82), favoring fatty food (OR=1.83), spending more time in eating (OR=0.63), and time spending in outside playing (OR=0.77) were the main influencing factors of child simple obesity. Conclusions Child simple obesity could be affected by many life style factors including feeding mode in babyhood, eating and playing style in childhood.
Retention of B-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies by human lymphoma cells

Abstract The rates of endocytosis, intracellular degradation, and cell-surface shedding of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) HD-37 (anti-CD19), B1 (anti-CD20), MB-1 (anti-CD37), BC8 (anti-CD45), and DA4-4 (anti-μ) by B-lym-phoma cells were compared by cellular radioimmunoassay, ultrastructural autoradiography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and thin layer chromatography using biopsy specimens from 12 patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. 125I-BC8 was stably retained on the surface of lymphoma cells without appreciable internalization or shedding, whereas 125I-DA4-4 underwent rapid endocytosis and degradation. 12BI-B1 was not internalized or degraded by tumor cells, but rapidly dissociated from the cell surface in intact form. Moderate rates of endocytosis, intracellular metabolism, and cell-surface shedding were shown by 125I-HD37 and 125I-MB-1. The 3 patients with diffuse, small cleaved-cell lymphomas internalized and degraded antibodies more slowly than did patients with other histologic subtypes. These kinetic differences may be important in the selection of MoAbs for immunotoxin and radioimmunoconjugate therapy of B-cell malignancies.
Association of Tyr phosphorylation of GTPase-activating protein with mitogenic action of serotonin

We have previously shown that serotonin (5-HT) induces both hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (SMC) but not of endothelial cells (EC) through its high-affinity uptake. The present studies demonstrate rapid enhancement by 5-HT of Tyr phosphorylation of proteins, including p120, which also occurs in SMC but not in EC. The p120 protein was identified as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) by immunoprecipitation. Its phosphorylation occurred within minutes and preceded other events associated with 5-HT-induced mitogenesis. Tyr kinase (TK) and 5-HT uptake inhibitors and 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate blocked both the 5-HT-induced DNA synthesis and Tyr phosphorylation of GAP. Vanadate elevated DNA synthesis and Tyr phosphorylation of GAP of both control and 5-HT-treated cells. 5-HT failed to alter Tyr phosphorylation of GAP in cellular homogenates, as opposed to intact cells. In the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, 5-HT inhibited cellular growth, presumably through its action on 5-HT1A or 5-HT4 receptors and elevation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, but this was not associated with an alteration of Tyr phosphorylation of GAP. Similarly, a 5-HT1 or 5-HT2 receptor agonist failed to stimulate Tyr phosphorylation or DNA synthesis of SMC. Stimulation of cellular proliferation and enlargement produced by 1 microM 5-HT were totally abolished by TK inhibitors that did not affect 5-HT uptake. These data indicate that Tyr phosphorylation of GAP may act as an intermediate signal in 5-HT-induced mitogenesis of SMC which requires cellular internalization of 5-HT rather than its action on a membrane receptor.
Rethinking Self-Management

Current definitions and conceptualizations of adherence continue to place the primary responsibility for illness management on the patient from the time of adolescence forward, even while acknowledging that successful adherence reflects collaboration between multiple actors. In this chapter we review the push for independent illness management that often accompanies the onset of adolescence, and the evidence for and against independent self-care. We conclude with suggestions for a different approach that focuses on autonomy rather than independence as the most appropriate goal for adolescent illness management.
Neurotherapeutic Strategies for Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurologic disease of young adults. There are now 16 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved disease-modifying therapies for MS as well as a cohort of other agents commonly used in practice when conventional therapies prove inadequate. This article discusses approved FDA therapies as well as commonly used practice-based therapies for MS, as well as those therapies that can be used in patients attempting to become pregnant, or in patients with an established pregnancy, who require concomitant treatment secondary to recalcitrant disease activity.
Evaluation of Clinical Decision Support

The value and financial impact of clinical decision support systems need to be better understood. This understanding can be formulated through evaluations of decision support systems. This chapter discusses a framework for identifying an evaluation strategy and selecting an evaluation type in order to address important questions concerning clinical decision support systems (CDSS). The chapter also summarizes the existing literature regarding what is known about evaluations conducted on CDSS and about the features of systems that are associated with successful implementations. In order to assist the reader with framing an evaluative study of a CDSS, the chapter includes a multistep approach to formulating an evaluation illustrated by a parallel description of an actual CDSS evaluation study. Finally, the chapter concludes with the identification of several challenges and pitfalls that can be specifically associated with CDSS evaluations.
Publicly engaged scholars: Next generation engagement and the future of higher education

It is a new day in academia, and Publicly Engaged Scholars: Next Generation Engagement and the Future of Higher Education is here to tell the story. An outgrowth of the New Generation Engagement Project, a working group organized under the New England Resource Center for Higher Education, the book presents a diverse cadre of individuals who are upsetting the proverbial applecart (a.k.a. the academy) and transforming – as Nadinne Cruz notes on the back cover – long-held conceptions of what we call “the work.”
Organizational resilience in national security bureaucracies: Realistic and practicable?

Resilience is increasingly highlighted as a necessary organizational property in national security bureaucracies. This article explores the resulting management dilemmas via interviews with Danish executives, who attempt to balance resilience, fiscal austerity and democratic accountability. It concludes that the resilience agenda inspires relevant organizational adjustments, including more external networking and internal resource variety. But austerity limits resilience to budget‐neutral forms, and fear of blame games limits the space for innovation to stay abreast with evolving risks. The article calls for a critical reappraisal of how much resilience to expect from public sector organizations and for more research into the boundary conditions of organizational resilience in the public sector.
Mechanical Properties of Uranium Silicides by Nanoindentation and Finite Elements Modeling

Three methods were used to measure the mechanical properties of $${\text{U}}_{3}{\text{Si}}$$ , $${\text{U}}_3{\text{Si}}_{2}$$ , and USi. Quasi-static and continuous stiffness measurement nanoindentation were used to determine hardness and Young’s modulus, and microindentation was used to evaluate the bulk hardness. Hardness and Young’s modulus of the three U-Si compounds were both observed to increase with Si content. Finally, finite elements modelling was used to validate the nanoindentation data calculated for $${\text{U}}_{3}{\text{Si}}_{2}$$ and estimate its yield strength.
Marketisation of environmental justice: U.S. EPA environmental justice showcase communities project in Port Arthur, Texas

This paper examines how the state responds to persistent claims of environmental injustice in overburdened communities. Our analysis focuses on activities, objectives, and processes of state interv...
The Judicial Response to the Presidential Polarization of the Administrative State

From the late 20th century through today, the relationship between the administrative state and the judiciary has undergone major changes. The same period has seen presidential administrations seek...
Diffuse Liver Parenchymal Disorders

This part of the book describes the diffuse liver parenchymal disorders and includes the fatty and iron depositional disease. New cases have been incorporated that highlight the role of: 1. Dixon-based imaging in fatty liver disease; this is a versatile sequence that can be used to generate four images (water, fat, in phase, and opposed phase) as well as fat fraction maps (fat quantification) and T2* maps (liver iron concentration assessment). 2. Acute changes of hepatitis are illustrated based on several new cases. 3. Overlap syndromes as well as the serial MR imaging changes with laboratory correlation in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are highlighted with new cases. As MR imaging is increasingly being applied, it is important for radiologists to be familiar with AIH and its overlap syndrome. 4. An example of congestive hepatopathy has been included.
Ethology and the Natural History of Learning

In the past there has been a tendency for many ethologists to dismiss laboratory studies of learning as unnatural and irrelevant, while many students of animal learning have seen little relevance in the ethological work on the innate bases of behavior. We argue and, in a preliminary way, attempt to demonstrate that a selective synthesis of these two disciplines offers a potentially powerful perspective on learning and suggests comprehensive and testable hypotheses about the mechanisms, organization, and evolution of learning in animals under natural conditions.