cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract WP449: Right Hemisphere Dysfunction is more Accurately Detected by Prosody Impairment than by Hemispatial Neglect

Introduction It is well known that right hemisphere ischemic stroke often results in hemispatial neglect. Recent studies have also shown that right hemisphere stroke may cause impairment in processing emotional prosody (tone of voice) as well. We tested the hypothesis that stroke patients are more accurately distinguished from neurologically intact controls by tests of emotional prosody comprehension than by tests of hemispatial neglect. Methods We tested a series of 29 patients (mean age - 55 years old and mean education - 14 years)within 48 hours of onset of first right hemisphere ischemic stroke and 23 hospitalized age- and education- matched controls with MRI, a prosody comprehension battery and a battery of hemispatial neglect tests (line cancellation, copying a scene, gap detection, line bisection) . Emotion categorization tasks assessed recognition of 6 emotion categories (happy, sad, angry, surprise, disinterest, neutral) from prosodic cues in 2 conditions with varying verbal demands (neutral sentences and monosyllables). We used Receiver Operating Characteristic curves to identify the scores that most accurately classified stroke patients versus controls, using summary scores for Prosody and Neglect based on all of subtests for each. Results The Prosody Score was more effective than the Neglect Score in distinguishing stroke patients from controls, as measured by a Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC for Prosody Score = 0.86). An overall error rate of > 27% on the prosody comprehension battery had a sensitivity of 89.74% and specificity of 68.18% (correctly classifying 82.0% of participants as patients vs controls). In contrast, the AUC for Neglect Summary Score was 0.55. At most, the Neglect Score could classify 55.8% of patients vs. controls. Of 25 patients who made >27% errors on Prosody Comprehension, 22 (88%) made 0% errors on the Neglect battery. Conclusion Prosody impairment may be a better indicator of right cortical dysfunction than hemispatial neglect in acute stroke and may therefore be a better measure of effectiveness of interventions to salvage cortical function, such as reperfusion therapies.
Navigating the Leadership Challenge Inside Indian Public Relations

This study examines public relations (PR) leadership in India, offering empirical insights on perceptions of leadership among Indian practitioners, important PR leadership dimensions, salience of leadership abilities and development of future PR leaders in India. To provide breadth and depth to the investigation, data was collected through an industry survey and interviews with PR leaders.Results suggest that Indian practitioners recognize global principles and practices of effective PR leadership but also embrace Indian values. Specific leadership roles such as nurturer, seer and mentor along with practices such as ‘the personal touch’ were highlighted. Leaders stressed importance of ethics, an ‘ideal’ quality of excellence embedded in Indian leadership theory’s simple living-high thinking concept. Personal influence is seen as part of leadership practice creating strong personal rather than contractual relationships. Collaboration rather than competition in leadership style reveals focus on collectivist...
Auschwitz, the Allies and Censorship of the Holocaust

Michael Fleming is a professor of history at the Polish University Abroad in London. His book is undoubtedly one of the most important in the study of the Holocaust in the last twenty years. Flemin...
Matrikines are key regulators in modulating the amplitude of lung inflammation in acute pulmonary infection

Bioactive matrix fragments (matrikines) have been identified in a myriad of disorders, but their impact on the evolution of airway inflammation has not been demonstrated. We recently described a pathway where the matrikine and neutrophil chemoattractant proline–glycine–proline (PGP) could be degraded by the enzyme leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). LTA4H classically functions in the generation of pro-inflammatory leukotriene B4, thus LTA4H exhibits opposing pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. The physiological significance of this secondary anti-inflammatory activity remains unknown. Here we show, using readily resolving pulmonary inflammation models, that loss of this secondary activity leads to more pronounced and sustained inflammation and illness owing to PGP accumulation. PGP elicits an exacerbated neutrophilic inflammation and protease imbalance that further degrades the extracellular matrix, generating fragments that perpetuate inflammation. This highlights a critical role for the secondary anti-inflammatory activity of LTA4H and thus has consequences for the generation of global LTA4H inhibitors currently being developed.
Priestly Marriage: The Tradition of Clerical Concubinage in the Spanish Church

The image of priests as family men is contrary to the one of a lecherous, sexually promiscuous clergy so often highlighted in the works of medieval historians. Yet visitation records from fourteenth-century Catalunya show that a great number of Catalan clerics entered into marriage-like unions despite the church’s two hundred year ban on priestly marriage. Indeed, many parish clergy went to great lengths to engage in relationships that could offer them a sexual outlet, as well as a union that would create a family and household. This article explores the practice of clerical concubinage in the dioceses throughout the region of Catalunya and draws comparisons with other regions in Spain. It argues that clerical concubinage was a custom entrenched in Spanish society. Synodal decrees banning concubinage and the fines attached to them did not to deter clerics from forming long-term unions with women. Ecclesiastical officials tolerated the tradition of concubinous unions and did little to change clerical cultu...
Value of Tumor Size in Predicting Survival from Renal Cell Carcinoma Among Tumors, Nodes and Metastases Stage 1 and Stage 2 Patients

AbstractResults in the literature are inconsistent regarding the value of tumor size in predicting survival from renal cell carcinoma, and its use as a staging variable in the current tumors, nodes and metastases system has been questioned. In this study tumor size had no prognostic significance in Kaplan-Meier or Cox regression models examining survival differences between 93 patients with stage T1N0M0 and T2N0M0 renal cell carcinoma dichotomized by tumor size cutoffs at 2.5, 5, 7.5 or 10 cm. In multivariate Cox regression models for 122 patients with stage TINallMall or T2MallMall renal cell carcinoma, metastatic disease was the strongest predictor of survival, and patients with smaller tumors had significantly longer survival than those with larger tumors at all cutoffs except 2.5 cm., for which differences were insignificant. A 5 cm. cutoff maximized the value of tumor size in predicting survival. If tumor size is to remain the variable by which tumors, nodes and metastases stages T1 and T2 disease ar...
Altered Adrenal Function and the Autonomic Nervous System

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on altered adrenal function, the autonomic nervous system, and the influence of the autonomic nervous system on adrenocortical function. The adrenal gland consists of the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The adrenal cortex consists of the outer zona glomerulosa that secretes aldosterone which plays a major role in regulation of blood pressure, volume and potassium balance. Primary adrenal insufficiency results from destruction of the adrenal cortex. Autoimmune adrenalitis remains the predominant cause for primary adrenocortical dysfunction in the western world. The adrenal cortex and medulla appear to be interlaced with multiple areas of contact that are not separated by connective tissue or interstitial membranes. The most common symptoms include weakness, malaise, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, and nausea. The distinctive clinical features of chronic primary adrenal insufficiency include hyperpigmentation and salt craving. The autonomic nervous system also may play a role in mediating the increased cardiovascular risk associated with aldosterone. It is indicated that aldosterone can centrally increase the sympathetic activity in the brain.
The Adequacy of the Mark: Raising the Standard Under 35 U.S.C. § 287(A) for Patented Online Software Methods

How does one broadcast ownership of property to the public at large? A variety of immediately apparent methods come to mind. For instance, a small, tangible object can be marked with data proclaiming ownership, such as a tag with a name, address and phone number accompanying a piece of luggage. For a much larger piece of property, say a parcel of land, one may use a "No Trespassing" sign. These are practices consistent with the right of exclusion concept, a mainstay of American property law for centuries. The issue, of course, becomes more complex when the property is intangible. Consider the normally abstract rights that intellectual property laws confer: how does a patent holder, for instance, broadcast ownership of a method that cannot actually be seen or felt? How are members of the general public supposed to know that a patented method is, in fact, the patent holder's property? Professor Adam Mossoff argues that patents have evolved from a strict grant of royal prerogative during Queen Elizabeth I's reign to a common-law property right. Thus, should one apply common-law property doctrine to properly establish patent ownership? The paper provides an overview of caselaw, history and analysis concerning the patent marking statute of 35 USC 287(a), and discusses what constitutes a sufficient mark for patents covering intangible contemporary products such as websites and software.
Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up: An evidence-based intervention for vulnerable infants and their families

In this paper, we highlight issues we consider key to the development of an evidence-based intervention for the parents of young children who had experienced early adversity. The intervention was initially developed for foster infants, but adapted for infants living with their neglecting parents, then for young children adopted internationally, and finally for toddlers in foster care or living with neglecting birth parents. The intervention and its adaptations share a focus on the importance of providing nurturance to children when they are distressed, and following children's lead when they are not distressed. We approached intervention development from a theoretical position, with attachment theory and stress neurobiology central. But we are, at heart, clinical scientists and have been open to confirmation or disconfirmation of our ideas and hypotheses. In this paper, we describe our approach, discuss issues and challenges central to our work, and share advice for addressing similar issues and challenges.
Optimization of a Cryo-EM Structural Model Representation

Electron cryo-microscopy (cryoEM) has been used to resolve atomic resolution biological structures. However, the resulting density maps and models still lack assessment of accuracy and reproducibility. The densities of some residues particularly, the negative charged residues have been found to be consistently absent or have low values in near-atomic resolution cryoEM maps. We thus introduce a procedure to derive an atomic model that faithfully replicates the experimental map and then use this map to ensure data accuracy and reproducibility. We have applied this protocol to describe the 3.3 A structure of the mature P22 bacteriophage capsid, a large and complex macromolecular assembly. This structure identifies previously unknown molecular interactions between capsid subunits, crucial to maintaining particle stability.Acknowledgement: This research has been supported by NIH grants (R01GM079429, P01GM063210, T15LM007093) and R Welch Foundation (Q1242).
Volar denervation and osteophyte resection to relieve volar CMC joint pain

At mean 125.6 months, pain was reduced from mean of 8.7 to 0.67, p < .001. Each of three patients, two of whom were musicians, returned to full professional ability. It is concluded that volar CMC joint denervation is a useful procedure, preserving joint function and relieving pain long-term.
The health-related quality of life of children, adolescents, and young adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 and their families: Analysis of narratives.

Purpose Provide an in-depth description of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in youth diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and their families. Design and Methods Data were drawn from qualitative interviews conducted for a larger study aimed at developing the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) NF1 module. Results Youth with NF1 and their families experience a wide range of concerns related to HRQoL due to the varied symptom expression and uncertain trajectory of the disorder. Practice Implications Pediatric nurses should routinely assess for HRQoL in this population and develop strategies tailored to those concerns that require intervention.
Selective growth of strained (In)GaAs quantum dots on GaAs substrates employing diblock copolymer lithography nanopatterning

Abstract Semiconductor laser diodes (LD) were demonstrated employing a strained (In)GaAs quantum dot (QD) active region grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on nominally exact (1 0 0) GaAs substrates using selective area epitaxy (SAE). The SAE QD growth employed a SiN x nano-patterned mask defined by diblock copolymer (BCP) lithography. In-situ etching using carbon tetrabromide (CBr 4 ), prior to the SAE of the QDs, was shown to be effective to remove the processing-related damage introduced during the nanopattern transfer process, resulting in a significant reduction in the threshold current density of the LD under the optimal in-situ etching condition. Furthermore, the modal optical gain parameter and the transparency current density were extracted by the conventional cavity length analysis (CLA) on LD devices where the QD was grown with the optimal in-situ etching condition.
Gun Rights and the New Lochnerism

This article demonstrates that the recently revised doctrine regarding the Second Amendment and gun rights is driven by the current Supreme Court’s hostility towards government regulation in a manner that is akin to what was seen during the Lochner Era. The revival of the Lochner era libertarian perspective as applied to a right to bear arms, recasts it as a freedom with virtually no relationship to the Second Amendment’s prefatory clause. Similarly to the Lochner Era Court, the current Court’s substantive due process-based limitations on government further a broader goal of limiting government regulatory power at every level of government. Individual liberty serves as the rhetorical vehicle for reduced government regulatory power. In a manner that is similar to the Lochner Era court, the Roberts Court’s Second Amendment prefatory clause reinterpretation is a departure from precedent that is unacceptable under the doctrine of stare decisis. Widespread gun violence and mass shootings that continue to plague the United States demonstrate that the failure to appropriately regulate firearms has real consequences that cannot be ignored and should not be dismissed as collateral to individual rights or as in tension with those rights. Public safety, as this article argues, is a right, a positive right that is fundamental under the U.S. Constitution. A revised pre-Heller approach to the Second Amendment would have the advantage of recognizing and more fully respecting the Constitutional obligation to protect public safety. Liberty, duty, and pubic order; rather than being forces that run in opposition to each other in a tragedy of zero-sum accountability, should be seen as additive forces that when properly applied, enhance each other as democratic principles under the constitution.
The Eternal Criterion Problem in the Context of Impact

The focal article by Aguinis et al. (2017) offers a rich brew of data and explication regarding the devilishly complicated concept of impact of sources (both science-based and practice-based), of industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology articles, and of authors of articles in the discipline of I-O psychology. The criteria developed to assess the impact of these are simple frequency counts indexing the number of times items within each domain are cited by leading introductory I-O psychology textbooks, which in turn leads to ranked lists. These are then used as a basis for answering numerous highly significant questions about the discipline of I-O psychology, including its scholarly and practice-based underpinnings, and the future prospects of the field.
"Yes they have the right to know, but…": Young Adult Women Managing Private Health Information as Dependents.

This study explored how young adult women manage privacy regarding their health information as dependents on a parent’s insurance policy. Under current and proposed health care reform in the United...
Abstract MP93: Actigraphy Measured Sleep Indices and Adiposity: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background: Previous findings on sleep and adiposity in adults have been inconsistent. Limitations of these studies include self-reported sleep measures, one measure of adiposity, and racially/ethnically homogenous populations. Objectives: We examined the cross-sectional relationship between indices of objectively measured sleep and adiposity in 2,146 MESA Sleep study participants. Methods: Sleep duration, sleep efficiency (% time asleep during sleep period), and night-to-night variability in sleep duration were assessed using at-home 7-day actigraphy and were modeled categorically. Adiposity was measured as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Multivariate linear models were used to examine relationships between sleep exposures and each outcome. In models with dichotomous outcomes, we used logistic regression post-estimation commands to calculate adjusted probabilities standardized to the total population for each sleep measure category. These probabilities were used to calculate prevalence differences for overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 ), obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ), and abdominal obesity (men: WC ≥102 cm; women ≥88 cm). Results: Of 2146 participants (mean age 68.6 years), 53.7% were female, 30% were white, 46.2% Black/African American, 5.0% Chinese, and 41.9% Hispanic. Participants who slept 2 ) (95% CI: 0.07-0.23) and a 10% excess prevalence of abdominal obesity (95% CI: 0.03-0.17) compared to those who slept 7-8 hours. Poor sleep efficiency and greater night-to-night sleep variability were also associated with a greater prevalence of obesity. Conclusions: Among a multi-racial/ethnic cohort, we found robust associations across multiple indices of sleep and adiposity. Targeting sleep characteristics may be of benefit in obesity interventions, but more research is needed to rule out reverse causality.
3D sketching using interactive fabric for tangible and bimanual input

As an input device, fabric holds potential benefits for three dimensional (3D) interaction in the domain of surface design, which includes designing objects from clothing to metalwork. To investigate these benefits, we conducted an exploratory study of different users' natural interactions with fabric. During this study, we instructed users to communicate various shapes and surfaces of varying complexity. A prevailing way of communicating shapes proved to be an in-the-air sketch metaphor. Based on this result, we proposed and implemented a system supporting three in-the-air sketch-based input devices: a point, a flexible curve, and a flexible surface. A preliminary feasibility study found that users successfully sketched objects and scenes despite the influence of tracking issues, suggesting lessons learned and relevant constraints for such systems in future work.
GUI path oriented test generation algorithms

Testing software manually is a labor intensive process. Efficient automated testing can significantly reduce the overall cost of software development and maintenance. Graphical User Interfaces (GUI's) code has some characteristics that distinguish it from the rest of the project code. Generating test cases from the GUI code requires different algorithms from those usually applied in test case generation. We developed several GUI test generation automated algorithms that do not need any user involvement, except in defining the test inputs and pre conditions, and that ensure test adequacy in the generated test cases. The test cases are generated from an XML GUI model or tree that represents the GUI structure. This work contributed to the goal of developing fully GUI test automated framework.
4.29 – Dendritic Transport of mRNA, the IEG Arc, and Synaptic Modifications Involved in Memory Consolidation

The modification of synaptic properties at discrete positions on neurons is widely held to underlie long-term memory (LTM) storage in the brain. The immediate early gene Arc is well positioned to impart both selectivity and persistence to this process. In this chapter we review studies of the Arc gene, with special emphasis on its induction, the transport of its mRNA, and its role in synaptic plasticity. This material is considered in the context of studies of long-term changes in synaptic efficacy and its dependence upon new protein synthesis. Arc expression is induced by stimulation that leads to long-term potentiation and experiences associated with attentive brain states and learning. Arc mRNA is exported into dendrites, where it rapidly localizes to regions containing activated synapses. Arc protein is found in association with the postsynaptic density. Targeted reduction of Arc expression in rats and mice causes deficits in long-term potentiation and memory consolidation. Particular emphasis is placed upon recent work that ascribes a central role for Arc in synaptic plasticity through its participation in glutamate receptor endocytosis. These findings support a model in which Arc acts to maintain synaptic homeostasis in the presence of synaptic potentiation. When considered together with the localization of Arc protein near activated synapses, this model provides a testable framework for understanding LTM storage at the cellular level.
The post-intelligentsia and the Russian catastrophe of the twenty-first century

I’ve already had an occasion to note how authoritarian regimes in Russia replace each other (Piontkovsky, 2009). It isn’t some eternal blow or a daring foray by the opponents that brings down the g...
MECHANICAL COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE HEALTH FACTS DATABASE

Mechanical complications (MC) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are rarely encountered but are associated with sudden hemodynamic compromise and have an extremely poor prognosis. In the current era of early reperfusion, AMI with MC is less often studied. Using the Health Facts® database, we
More than skin deep: Severe iron deficiency anemia and eosinophilia associated with pediculosis capitis and corporis infestation.

Pediculosis is caused by subspecies of the Anoplura insect: Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice), Pediculus humanus corporis (body lice), and Phthirus pubis (pubic lice). These obligate ectoparasites exclusively feed on human blood. Hematologic derangements are not commonly recognized complications of pediculosis. We describe a case of severe, symptomatic iron deficiency anemia and eosinophilia in the setting of a generalized pruritic rash found to be consistent with pediculosis corporis and capitis.
Leadership for Social Justice in High-Poverty Schools: Exploration of Equity and Fundraising in an Urban-Suburban School:

School fundraising is a practice that is common in many schools in the United States. This is also true in high-poverty schools where there are many financial needs that are often not met. Lincoln ...
An RF backscatterer system for real-time multi-sensing applications

Abstract In this paper, a power-efficient passive analog frequency modulation based RF system is proposed for real-time communication with multiple sensor elements for internet-of-things (IoT) based smart applications. The proposed RF tag with integrated sensors uses an onboard ultra low power oscillator to generate a single frequency modulation signal unique to each of the sensor elements. The generated single tone frequency is modulated to generate the backscattered RF signal, which is immune to the interference present in the propagating environment. The maximum power required for continuous operation of the sensing oscillator is 30 μ W, which is harvested from the received RF signal. The designed multi-sensor RF tag has a sensitivity of − 6 dBm and has the capacity to integrate up to six different sensors within the available single channel RFID bandwidth of 300 kHz. The wireless communication distance of 10 ft is achieved due to the low power consumption of the multi-sensor RF tag. A passive RF tag with two example sensing elements; temperature and luminescence are demonstrated. The temperature and luminescence change from 25 ° C to 60 ° C and from 0 to 20 footcandle (lumen/ft 2 ) is represented by 75–100 kHz and 125–150 kHz frequency range, respectively.
A Re-Evaluation of the Relationship between Morphology and Pathogenicity in Candida Species

Many pathogenic Candida species possess the ability to undergo a reversible morphological transition from yeast to filamentous cells. In Candida albicans, the most frequently isolated human fungal pathogen, multiple lines of evidence strongly suggest that this transition is associated with virulence and pathogenicity. While it has generally been assumed that non-albicans Candida species (NACS) are less pathogenic than C. albicans, in part, because they do not filament as well, definitive evidence is lacking. Interestingly, however, a recent study suggests that filamentation of NACS is associated with reduced, rather than increased, pathogenicity. These findings, in turn, challenge conventional views and suggest that there are fundamental evolutionary differences in the morphology-pathogenicity relationship in C. albicans vs. NACS. The findings also raise many new and intriguing questions and open new avenues for future research, which are discussed.
The Use of eHealth Practices by United States Patients with Self-Reported Glaucoma.

Purpose Patient-oriented eHealth practices (e.g., scheduling appointments on the Internet, communicating with providers online) are an integral part of modern healthcare delivery. It is not known what proportion of United States patients with glaucoma use eHealth and how this use compares with those without glaucoma. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Participants in the 2016 through 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), a cross-sectional survey regarding health topics that is administered annually to a nationally representative sample of noninstitutionalized adults in the United States. Methods Based on the NHIS complex survey design, we calculated the proportion of participants with and without glaucoma who used 5 different eHealth practices (looking up health information on the Internet, requesting or ordering a prescription medication on the Internet, scheduling a medical appointment on the Internet, communicating with healthcare provider online, and using online groups to learn about health topics) during the 12 months before the survey. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression to evaluate the association between self-reported glaucoma diagnosis and use of the eHealth practices. Main Outcome Measures Proportion using eHealth practices and odds ratios (ORs). Results Forty thousand four hundred sixty-five survey participants were included in the analysis; 1932 had self-reported glaucoma and 38 533 did not. For those with glaucoma, 46.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43.3%–49.0%) used at least one of the eHealth practices in the 12 months before the survey compared with 52.5% (95% CI, 51.5%–53.5%) of those without glaucoma (P Conclusions In this nationally representative United States population, nearly half of people with glaucoma reported using eHealth practices. Although a lower proportion of people with glaucoma used eHealth practices compared with those without glaucoma, this relationship actually reversed after adjusting for confounders. Because many patients with glaucoma are capable of and already using e-Health, further investment in these technologies may be beneficial.
Indolent Presentations of Leukemic Lung Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Background Patients with active acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are at risk for leukemic infiltration (LI) into the lung and acute tumor lysis pneumopathy (ATLP) following chemotherapy. Fulminant presentations of these leukemic lung diseases are well-described, but indolent forms have not yet been studied. Therefore, we sought to elucidate the clinical features of mild-to-moderate LI and ATLP. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 51 hospitalized patients with AML, circulating blast count ≥3%, non-critical illness, and receipt of bronchoscopy between 2015-2019. Diagnoses of LI and ATLP were made via retrospective chart review by a multidisciplinary team of physicians. Results 19 cases of leukemic lung disease were identified: 14 with LI and 5 with ATLP. The clinical presentations closely resembled pneumonia, with the majority demonstrating respiratory symptoms (63%), hypoxemia (63%), fever (84%), and pulmonary opacities (100%). All patients were presumptively diagnosed with infection, leading to an average of 18 days of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and multiple instances of delayed chemotherapy in treatment candidates. Although most patients were near the end-of-life (90% died within 1 year), transitions to comfort care were infrequent (25%) and hospitalizations were protracted (median 25 days). Conclusions LI and ATLP are common yet under-recognized pulmonary complications in patients with active AML. When presenting indolently, these conditions are difficult to distinguish from lung infection, leading to missed diagnosis, inappropriate antibiosis, chemotherapy deferrals, and prolonged hospitalizations. Greater awareness and consensus definitions of LI and ATLP are therefore needed to improve care of this population.
An examination of preferred messengers on firearm safety for suicide prevention

Abstract This study sought to determine differences in preferred messengers on the topic of safe firearm storage and suicide prevention between firearm owners and non-firearm owners, and among firearm owners of different racial groups and sexes. Participants were 6200 United States residents recruited via Qualtrics Panels to complete an online survey. Data were collected during March 2020. The total sample and all subsamples ranked law enforcement, current military personnel, and military veterans as the top three most credible sources to discuss firearm safety for suicide prevention. Significant differences existed among the mean ranking of sources between firearm owners and non-firearm owners as well as between several subgroups of firearm owners. The identical ranking of the top three sources indicates that these groups agree on the relative credibility of multiple sources, although the average level of credibility for particular sources may vary. These findings highlight that the effectiveness of messaging on safe firearm storage may hinge on the identity of the individual delivering the message and provide an initial roadmap for how to consider packaging specific messages.
Self in the Service: Self-Identification Moderates the Association between Perceived Drinking Norms and Own Drinking among Veterans.

Purpose: Drinking is common among young adult veterans. Previous research has established that veterans’ drinking is more strongly associated with veteran versus civilian drinking norms. The presen...
Clarity in Remedies for Patent Cases

This Article summarizes more detailed work done elsewhere and argues that after more than a decade of disjointed application and discussion regarding eBay’s precedent, it is time to add clarity to remedies for patent cases. Part I chronicles the history of the eBay case and the party and procedural case facts that led to a perfect storm of precedential confusion. Part II reviews the empirical evidence of a shift in patent remedies decisions in the aftermath of eBay. This Part details the significant differences in injunction decision outcomes between district courts and the Federal Circuit: compared to district courts, the Federal Circuit remains inclined toward injunctions, applying a property-rule remedy to prevent future infringement. Part II further reviews the significance of the Supreme Court’s 1908 Continental Paper Bag opinion, which confirmed injunction remedies for non-using patent owners, and which was reaffirmed in eBay, although the decision has continually been forgotten in patent law. This discussion includes a detailed historical review of the century-old case and of Margaret Knight, the “woman Edison” behind the case, who sustained her company through patent enforcement action and injunctive remedy. Part III reviews the work of other scholars in the eBay debate, noting that the equity law precedent has confused other areas of the law and has removed property remedies from patent rights. This Part also summarizes arguments on both sides regarding whether this development is proper — are liability or property rules for patent rights best? Part IV reviews recently proposed legislative changes to address eBay. Finally, Part V concludes by noting the core areas of ambiguity that require clarity in patent case remedies and why the Supreme Court might be best suited to address the ambiguities.
The Financial Impact of COVID-19: Evidence from an Event Study of Global Hospitality Firms

Abstract This paper examines the daily abnormal stock price returns of a sample of 154 publicly-traded hospitality firms from 23 different countries representing over $400 billion in combined market capitalization around the time that COVID-19 was first viewed by stock market participants as a major—possibly even existential—threat. The findings of the study suggest that, financially, hotels performed better than restaurants, which themselves performed better than casinos. These findings are consistent with medical recommendations concerning the relative safety of various hospitality-related activities and, therefore, also with the tenets of financial market efficiency in the hospitality sector. Additional findings suggest that hospitality firms with strong balance sheets and income statements characterized by relatively low leverage ratios, high market value (consistent with a “too big to fail” mentality), and higher price/earnings ratios (implying higher relative profitability) all fared better than smaller, weaker firms. Although, in no case, did Bloomberg's proprietary environmental, social, and governance (ESG) variable possess any predictive power, variables reflecting cross-country cultural differences support Huynh’s (2020) finding that “individualism” was an important factor in explaining the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospitality firms.
pSiteExplorer: Visualization of the mass spectrometric data underlying phospho-site quantification

Mass spectrometry based phospho-proteomics is a widely used approach to assess protein phosphorylation. Intensities of phospho-peptide ions are obtained by integrating the MS signal over their chromatographic peaks. How individual peptide measurements mapping to the same phospho-site are combined for the quantification of the given site is, however, in most cases hidden from researchers conducting, reviewing, and reading these studies. I here describe pSiteExplorer, an R script that visualizes the peak intensities associated with phospho-sites in MaxQuant output tables. Barplots of MS intensities originating from phospho-peptides with distinct amino acid sequences due to missed cleavages, different numbers of phosphates and from all off-line chromatographic fractions and charge states are displayed. This tool will help gaining a deeper insight into phospho-site quantifications by contrasting individual and summed phospho-peptide intensities with the site-level values derived by MaxQuant. This will support the validation of quantification results, for example, for the selection of candidates for follow-up studies.
Spectroscopy of Ionic Solid-State Laser Materials

We first introduce the subject of spontaneous emission, absorption and induced emission. We then review some relevant background material and concepts (e.g. adiabatic approximation, and Franck-Condon principle) related to molecular systems, extend these concepts to the case of impurity ions in solids and examine the mechanisms responsible for the radiationless deactivation of active centers in solids. Following the treatment of the spectral properties of ionic solid state laser materials, we examine the physical conditions necessary for the production of laser oscillations and the dependence of the laser action on the spectral properties of the active centers. Finally we illustrate the above presentation with some example of important solid-state lasers.
Development of Time Concepts in Children

Publisher Summary Research on the development of time concepts has revealed somewhat different patterns in the cases of logical, conventional, and experiential time. The experiential mode, as studied by the perception of duration, appears well developed in young children. Conventional time probably has little influence on the thought of children younger than 5 years. Younger children begin to use tense contrasts and to represent the order of familiar activities but their understanding of a variety of temporal terms is characteristically action-bound. Over the next several years children learn several conventional series and associate time units with counting numbers; however, it is not until about 8 years that time measurement and some of the cyclic aspects of the calendar are mastered. During middle childhood, children become able to coordinate multiple cycles and series and to conceptualize cyclic recurrence, but they are generally unable to distinguish arbitrary from natural features of conventional time before mid-adolescence. Research in the development of logical time shows that before about 8 years succession and duration are unstable concepts, and that children are misled by perceptual aspects of many tasks. From infancy onward there is a purposeful ordering of action, and by 5 years children can imitate and verbalize relations of temporal succession.
Effect of Substrate on the Fatty Acid Composition of Hydrocarbon- and Ketone-utilizing Microorganisms.

The fatty acid pattern in hydrocarbon- and ketone-utilizing bacteria after growth on various substrates was examined. The fatty acid composition of one hydrocarbon-utilizing organism (Mycobacterium sp. strain OFS) was investigated in detail after growth on n-alkanes, 1-alkenes, ketones, and n-alcohols. n-Alkanes shorter than C13 or longer than C17 were not incorporated into cellular fatty acids without some degradation. Strain OFS incorporated C14 to C17 1-alkenes into cellular fatty acids as the ω-monoenoic fatty acid. Methyl ketones were incorporated into strain OFS after removal of one- or two-carbon fragments from the carbonyl end of the molecule. An organism isolated by enrichment on methyl ketones was incapable of n-alkane utilization but could grow on, although not incorporate, ketones or long chain n-alcohols into cellular fatty acids.
Composition and synthesis of gangliosides in rat hepatocyte and hepatoma cell lines.

Abstract The composition of gangliosides and their synthesis in a chemically-induced rat hepatoma cell line differ from the composition and synthesis seen in a nontumorigenic rat hepatocyte cell line. The alteration in gangliosides is characterized by a decrease in disialoceramide tetrahexoside ganglioside and an increase in monosialoceramide lactoside (hematoside) and monosialoceramide tetrahexoside. The change resembles the altered pattern of gangliosides which occurs in mouse cell lines after transformation with oncogenic DNA viruses.
Properties of cells derived from adenovirus-induced hamster tumors by long-term in vitro cultivation: II. Nature of the restricted response to type 2 adenovirus

Abstract The response of cultured cells derived from type 12 adenovirus-induced hamster tumors (HT cells) to superinfection with type 2 adenovirus (Ad.2) has been studied in detail. The low yield of infectious Ad.2 from such cultures has been shown, by infectious center and mass yield analyses, to be due to the presence of a small number of virus-producing cells. However, all superinfected HT cells are capable of producing viral structural antigen(s), provided the input multiplicity of Ad.2 is at least of the order of 10–100 PFU per cell. The restricted production of infectious progeny is not mediated by a transmissible interfering factor such as interferon. HT cells are as competent to produce vesicular stomatitis virus as are normal hamster cells. SV40-transformed hamster cells and normal hamster cells produce comparable (large) amounts of type 2 adenovirus. The evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that the response of HT cells to superinfection with Ad.2 is controlled by persistent genetic material of type 12 adenovirus responsible for the initiation of the malignant change. Several considerations are discussed which suggest that the response to superinfection is a more specific indicator of genome persistence than other identified properties of HT cells and that, operationally, the relation of the Ad.12 genome to HT cells may be analogous to that of a defective prophage to its bacterial host.
Planet formation: Grainy pictures of new worlds

We know that planetary bodies in our Solar System began by agglomeration of dust grains, rocks and mountain-sized asteroids. We also know that most of the work was done during the first 10 million years (Myr) after the Sun's birth, when the young star was encircled by an immense disk of grains and gas. But to go beyond this is not easy. Some 4.5 billion years after the main event, examination of our neighbouring worlds may never allow us to reconstruct fully how the Sun's early disk evolved into gaseous behemoths such as Jupiter and small rocky planets such as Earth. We must look elsewhere for better clues to our origins, and we find them in new studies of disks around three stars by Holland et al., and of a disk surrounding the star HR4796A by Jura et al., Jayawardhana et al. and Koerner et al.
Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with chronic conditions among older adults in Ecuador

OBJECTIVE: To explore socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with the prevalence of self-reported chronic conditions among older adults in Ecuador. METHODS: The sample was drawn from the nationally representative observational cross-sectional data of the Health, Well-Being, and Aging survey conducted in Ecuador in 2009. Logistic regression models were used to explore the association between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and the prevalence of selected chronic conditions. RESULTS: Older women in Ecuador are more likely than men to have been previously diagnosed with diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and arthritis. Results suggest no difference by education or health insurance on number and type of self-reported chronic conditions. However, older adults who resided in the coastal area were more likely to report having diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke than those in the highlands. Living in rural areas was associated with lower odds of having diabetes and high blood pressure. Compared to white older adults, indigenous older adults were less likely to report having high blood pressure, but more likely to report having arthritis. CONCLUSIONS: Older age in Ecuador is marked by low educational levels and poverty. Female gender and living in coastal areas were associated with higher risks of self-reported chronic conditions.
Enabling Tractable Exploration of the Performance of Adaptive Mesh Refinement

A broad range of physical phenomena in science and engineering can be explored using finite difference and volume based application codes. Incorporating Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) into these codes focuses attention on the most critical parts of a simulation, enabling increased numerical accuracy of the solution while limiting memory consumption. However, adaptivity comes at the cost of increased runtime complexity, which is particularly challenging on emerging and expected future architectures. In order to explore the design space offered by new computing environments, we have developed a proxy application called miniAMR. MiniAMR exposes a range of the important issues that will significantly impact the performance potential of full application codes. In this paper, we describe miniAMR, demonstrate what is designed to represent in a full application code, and illustrate how it can be used to exploit future high performance computing architectures. To ensure an accurate understanding of what miniAMR is intended to represent, we compare it with CTH, a shock hydrodynamics code in heavy use throughout several computational science and engineering communities.
Excess enthalpies for (ethane + ethene) at the temperatures (273.15, 298.15, 323.15, 348.15, and 363.15) K and the pressures (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15) MPa

Abstract Excess molar enthalpies H E m for { x C 2 H 6 + (1 − x )C 2 H 4 } have been measured over the entire composition range at the temperatures T = (273.15, 298.15, 323.15, 348.15, and 363.15) K and the pressures p = (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15) MPa. Thus, measurements were made at a temperature where both components are liquid ( T = 273.15 K), at a temperature where one component (C 2 H 6 ) is a liquid while the other (C 2 H 4 ) is a supercritical fluid ( T = 298.15 K), and at three temperatures where both components are supercritical fluids { T = (323.15, 348.15, and 363.15) K}. At T = 273.15 K, a temperature near the critical temperature of ethene, H E m ( x ) is positive with a large positive pressure coefficient. At T = 298.15 K and p = 5 MPa, a temperature and pressure near, but below, the critical locus, H E m ( x ) is S shaped, changing from large positive values at low x to negative values at high x . At each of the three higher temperatures, maxima and minima in H E m are obtained at intermediate pressures. A corresponding-states method correctly predicts the pressure and temperature effects on H E m in both the subcritical and supercritical ( p, T ) regions. At high pressures, H E m ( x = 0.5) converges at all the temperatures to a value of approximately 100 J mol −1 . A (quadrupole + quadrupole) interaction is probably a major contribution to H E m for this system, since ethane and ethene have quadrupole moments of opposite sign.
Variation of directional reflectance factors with structural changes of a developing alfalfa canopy.

Directional reflectance factors of an alfalfa canopy were determined and related to canopy structure, agronomic variables, and irradiance conditions at four periods during a cutting cycle. Nadir and off-nadir reflectance factors decreased with increasing biomass in Thematic Mapper band 3(0.63-0.69 micrometer) and increased with increasing biomass in band 4(0.76-0.90 micrometer). The sensor view angle had less impact on perceived reflectance as the alfalfa progressed from an erectophile canopy of stems after harvest to a near planophile canopy of leaves at maturity. Studies of directional reflectance are needed for testing and upgrading vegetation canopy models and to aid in the complex interpretation problems presented by aircraft scanners and pointable satellites where illumination and viewing geometries may vary widely. Distinct changes in the patterns of radiance observed by a sensor as structural and biomass changes occur are keys to monitoring the growth and condition of crops.