cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large Area, High-Density SWCNT Forests with Remarkably Invariant Structural Properties over a Wide Range of Synthesis Conditions

Driven by the exceptional thermal, electrical, optical, mechanical and fluidic properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), commercial use of vertically aligned "forests" are on the horizon for applications1 ranging from optical absorbers and thermal interfaces to selective membranes and advanced fabrics.2,3 Large-area SWCNT forests with high densities and small diameters are especially important for many applications, yet they are conspicuously absent from the literature due to synthesis challenges.Here, we demonstrate synthesis of high-density (> 1012 CNTs/cm2), small-diameter (~ 2 nm) SWCNT forests with structural characteristics that remain uniform over large areas (up to 6-in. diameter)4 and, surprisingly, largely unchanged over a wide range of synthesis conditions. We find also that our growth regime enables a record-high carbon conversion efficiency and a stable mass kinetics, both of which are invariant with catalyst type (Fe vs Fe/Mo mixes). To identify the limiting steps in the SWCNT growth kinetics and the factors contributing to the process robustness, we determine the dependence of the reaction rate and carbon conversion efficiency on broad ranges of synthesis parameters. Effects of catalyst area (from 1 × 1 cm2 to 6-in wafers), growth pressure (10-750 mbar), gas composition (30-fold acetylene partial pressure variation), and flowrates are presented.Our demonstration of such exceptionally robust and reproducible synthesis of high-density forests over large areas provides valuable insights for future scale-up efforts of SWCNT forest production that are necessary for widespread adoption of advanced CNT technologies. 1. R. Rao et al., ACS Nano., 12 (2018) 11756.2. N. Bui, E. R. Meshot, S. Kim, J. Pena, P. W. Gibson, K. J. Wu, F. Fornasiero, Adv. Mater., 28 (2016) 5871.3. Y. Li, C. Chen, E. R. Meshot, S. F. Buchsbaum, M. Herbert, R. Zhu, O. Kulikov, B McDonald, N. Bui, M. L. Jue, S. Park, C. Valdez, S. Hok, C. J. Doona, K. J. Wu, T. M. Swager, F. Fornasiero, submitted (2019)4. E. R. Meshot, S. Park, S. F. Buchsbaum, M. L. Jue, T. R. Kuykendall, E. Schaible, L. B. Bayu Aji, S. Kucheyev, K. J. Wu, F. Fornasiero, submitted (2019).This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LLNL-ABS-797268
Comparative Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Therapy and Upfront Resection for Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: An Instrumental Variable Analysis

Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is increasingly being used in the management of patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, there is a lack of evidence regarding the benefit among these patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate overall survival (OS) in PDAC patients with resectable disease treated with NAT or upfront resection through instrumental variable (IV) analysis. A national cohort study of resectable PDAC patients in the National Cancer Data Base (2007–2015) treated with either upfront surgery or resection after NAT. Using multivariable modeling and IV methods, OS was compared between those treated with NAT and upfront resection. The IV was hospital-level NAT utilization in the most recent year prior to treatment. The cohort included 16,666 patients (14,012 upfront resection; 2654 NAT) treated at 779 hospitals. Among those treated with upfront resection, 59.9% received any adjuvant therapy. NAT patients had higher median (27.9 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 26.2–29.1) and 5-year OS (24.1%, 95% CI 21.9–26.3%) compared with those treated with upfront surgery (median 21.2 months, 95% CI 20.7–21.6; 5-year survival 20.9%, 95% CI 20.1–21.7%). After multivariable modeling, NAT was associated with an approximately 20% decrease in the risk of death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.73–0.84), and this effect was magnified in the IV analysis (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.47–0.79). In patients with resectable PDAC, NAT is associated with improved survival relative to upfront resection. Given the benefits of multimodality therapy and the challenges in receiving adjuvant therapy, consideration should be given to treating all PDAC patients with NAT.
Nanolasers: dynamics and phase locking

We discuss nanoscale metal-dielectric-semiconductor resonant gain geometries to create a new type of light emitters focusing on three key aspects: second order intensity correlation characterizations, direct modulation and coupled nanolasers dynamics.
Aktive und Träge: Russlands Gesellschaft nach den Naval’nyj-Protesten. Russian society after the Navalny protests

Despite prohibitions and attempts at intimidation, at the end of January, hundreds of thousands of mainly young people took to the streets in Russia to protest against the arrest and sentencing of Alexei Navalny. As yet, events have not led to the emergence of any stable political structures. However, the protests took place against a backdrop of growing dissatisfaction. The regime has responded with force, yet society refuses to go back into hibernation. What once seemed unimaginable is now becoming a real possibility: that Putin is no longer the source of all legitimacy, but is becoming a burden of which the establishment wishes to relieve itself.
A Clinical Evaluation of Cone-beam Computed Tomography: Implications for Endodontic Microsurgery.

Abstract Introduction Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool for endodontics. Some studies report that CBCT images have limitations in representing the true clinical presentation. This prospective, in vivo study compared limited field of view (LFOV) CBCT measurements with clinical measurements made during endodontic surgery. Methods Eighty-seven subjects requiring endodontic surgery and LFOV CBCT acquisition of the surgical site were enrolled. Data collection involved clinicians answering standardized questions during the radiographic and surgical assessment. Intraoperatively, data were collected and photographically documented. Postoperatively, CBCT scans were evaluated by 3 calibrated, board-certified specialists: 2 endodontists and 1 oral and maxillofacial radiologist. The 2 subsets of data were compared through statistical analysis to quantify their relationship. Results The subjects included 65 maxillary and 29 mandibular teeth from 87 subjects: 25 women and 62 men with an average age of 42 years old. The CBCT evaluators correctly identified the presence or absence of buccal plate fenestrations with 91.0% accuracy (95% confidence interval, 83.1–96.0) with 89.4% sensitivity and 92.9% specificity. The area of fenestrations measured clinically (mean = 19.6 ± 33.4 mm2) was generally larger than the area measured by CBCT imaging (mean across CBCT evaluators = 12.2 ± 19.1 mm2). Fenestration size in the maxillary arch was more likely to be underestimated than in the mandibular arch (P Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, LFOV CBCT imaging accurately identifies the presence or absence of buccal plate fenestrations, yet, when a fenestration is present, underestimates its area.
Relating Neuroscience to Responsibility: Comments on Hirstein, Sifferd, and Fagan’s Responsible Brains

The article explores the agreements and disagreements between the author and the authors of Responsible Brains on how neuroscience relates to moral responsibility. The agreements are fundamental: neuroscience is not the harbinger of revolutionary revision of our views of when persons are morally responsible for the harms that they cause. The disagreements are in the details of what is needed for neuroscience to be the helper (rather than the challeger) of the moral sciences.
Giant ankyrin-B mediates transduction of axon guidance and collateral branch pruning factor Sema 3A

Variants in the high confident autism spectrum disorder gene ANK2 target both ubiquitously expressed 220-kDa ankyrin- B and neurospecific 440-kDa ankyrin-B (AnkB440) isoforms. Previous work showed that knock-in mice expressing an ASD linked Ank2 variant yielding a truncated AnkB440 product exhibit ectopic brain connectivity and behavioral abnormalities. Expression of this variant or loss of AnkB440 caused axonal hyperbranching in vitro, which implicated AnkB440 microtubule bundling activity in suppressing collateral branch formation. Leveraging multiple mouse models, cellular assays, and live microscopy, we show that AnkB440 also modulates axon collateral branching stochastically by reducing the number of F-actin-rich branch initiation points. Additionally, we show that AnkB440 enables growth cone (GC) collapse in response to chemorepellent factor semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) by stabilizing its receptor complex L1 cell adhesion molecule/neuropilin-1. ASD-linked ANK2 variants failed to rescue Sema 3A-induced GC collapse. We propose that impaired response to repellent cues due to AnkB440 deficits leads to axonal guidance and branch pruning defects and may contribute to the pathogenicity of ANK2 variants.
Comparison study of differential abundance testing methods using two large Parkinson disease gut microbiome datasets derived from 16S amplicon sequencing.

Background Testing for differential abundance of microbes in disease is a common practice in microbiome studies. Numerous differential abundance (DA) testing methods exist and range from traditional statistical tests to methods designed for microbiome data. Comparison studies of DA testing methods have been performed, but none performed on microbiome datasets collected for the study of real, complex disease. Due to this, DA testing was performed here using various DA methods in two large, uniformly collected gut microbiome datasets on Parkinson disease (PD), and their results compared. Results Overall, 78-92% of taxa tested were detected as differentially abundant by at least one method, while 5-22% were called differentially abundant by the majority of methods (depending on dataset and filtering of taxonomic data prior to testing). Concordances between method results ranged from 1 to 100%. Average concordance for datasets 1 and 2 were 24% and 28% respectively, and 27% for replicated DA signatures. Concordances increased when removing rarer taxa before testing, increasing average concordances by 2-32%. Certain methods consistently resulted in higher concordances (e.g. ANCOM-BC, LEfSe), while others consistently resulted in lower (e.g. edgeR, fitZIG). Hierarchical clustering revealed three groups of DA signatures that were (1) replicated by the majority of methods on average and included taxa previously associated with PD, (2) replicated by a subset of methods and included taxa largely enriched in PD, and (3) replicated by few to one method(s). Conclusions Differential abundance tests yielded varied concordances, and amounts of detected DA signatures. Some methods were more concordant than others on both filtered and unfiltered data, therefore, if consistency with other study methodology is a key goal, one might choose among these methods. Even still, using one method on one dataset may find true associations, but may also detect false positives. To help lower false positives, one might analyze data with two or more DA methods to gauge concordance, and use a built-in replication dataset. This study will hopefully serve to complement previously reported DA method comparison studies by implementing and coalescing a large number of both previously and yet to be compared methods on two real gut microbiome datasets.
Network Theory–Driven Construction Logic Knowledge Network: Process Modeling and Application in Highway Projects

AbstractDetermining a reasonable project duration is one of the most critical activities required by project owner agencies for successful project letting and delivery. Most owner agencies, specifi...
Research on UAV Adaptive Control Method Based on Genetic Programming

In order to improve the non-linear PID control effect of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight, an adaptive PID height controller based on genetic programming is proposed. Firstly, the structure of the PID controller is introduced and the GP algorithm is applied in view of its characteristics of clear mapping relationship and strong non-linear fitting ability. The flight state parameters and the optimal control parameters are taken as the sample data of input and output respectively, and the intuitive functional relationship between the flight state parameters of UAV and the PID control parameters is obtained. Finally, the online adaptive tuning of the control parameters is realized. The simulation results show that the proposed PID neural network controller has faster response, smaller overshoot, higher precision, better robustness and stronger adaptive ability than the traditional PID controller, which can meet the requirements of autonomous flight.
Chicago Sky Blue diazo-dye release from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electrospun nanofibers

Abstract Electrospun Poly (methyl methacrylate) fibrous nonwovens containing diazo-dye Chicago Sky Blue (CSB) and methyl cellulose (Methocel A15 LV) were fabricated and explored for CSB release for therapeutic purposes. The role of Methocel was to accelerate CSB release and make it tunable in the 20 h to 11 days range. The spectrofluorometric analysis revealed that the release rate and the ultimate released amount were affected by the nonwoven thickness, the surrounding liquid medium (DI water or PBS), wettability of the fiber mat, and the Methocel concentration. In several experiments some intriguing and repeatable oscillations in the amount of the released CSB in the presence of Methocel were observed and accompanied by the appearance of a new fluorescence peak at the wavelength of 680 nm. The Raman spectroscopy was also used to elucidate the nature of such oscillations. A kinetic mechanism is also proposed to explain the oscillations and the appearance of a new fluorescence peak by CSB dimerization and formation of relatively stable CSB dimers.
Medicaid, Earnings, and Heterogeneous Treatment Effects: Evidence from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment

The Medicaid and labor supply empirical literature offers competing conclusions of zero effects and significant reductions in earnings. However, zero effects are only theoretically consistent with the earnings distribution’s extremes. Medicaid participants with positive pre-treatment labor supply should unequivocally decrease earnings. This paper clarifies the literature’s ambiguity by combining quantile regression with data from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment. The distributional impacts imply that zero effects are not universally representative of Medicaid households. The annual earnings impact of Medicaid participation ranges between increases of $1400 to deceases of $3120 for single adults. Pre-existing mental illness or health constraints on work account for counterintuitive positive earnings impacts. By demonstrating that sample compositional differences determine whether Medicaid’s labor supply impact is zero or negative, this paper offers a reconciliation to the range of existing estimates in the empirical literature.
Adaptation and optimization of the synchronization gains in the adaptive spacecraft attitude synchronization

Abstract This work considers various optimization aspects for the attitude synchronization of spacecraft formation. Revisiting the synchronization controllers that address unknown parameters via adaptive techniques, this work proposes a modification to the synchronization weights employed to enforce state agreement amongst the networked spacecraft. By augmenting a standard adaptive controller that accounts for unknown parameters, with adaptation of the synchronization weights, one opts to improve spacecraft synchronization. The interconnection strengths of the network nodes, responsible for enforcing synchronization amongst spacecraft, are weighted dynamically in proportion to the disagreement between the spacecraft states. Additionally, when all spacecraft are assumed identical, differing only in their orientation and initial conditions, a modification of the standard adaptive parameter laws allows to reach parameter consensus via a dynamic penalization on the pairwise differences of parameter estimates. The proposed adaptive control architecture which allows for adaptation of both parameter uncertainties and synchronization penalty terms is demonstrated via numerical studies of a four-spacecraft network with limited connectivity. As an alternative to the dynamic adjustment of the synchronization gains, a scheme is proposed to optimally select these gains. By considering the sum of deviation-from-the-mean and rotational kinetic energy as appropriate metrics for synchronization, the numerical studies provide insights into the selection of optimal edge-dependent synchronization gains when the initial conditions are assumed available.
Thromboembolic complications after treatment with monoclonal antibody against CD40 ligand.

Reply to Thromboembolic complications after treatment with monoclonal antibody against CD40 ligand
Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Grey Gundaker Year: 1998 Pages: x + 291 Publisher: Oxford University Press Prices: 49.95 (hard cover).
Energy-Efficient OFDMA-Based Two-Way Relay

Energy-efficient orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) aims to relieve the booming energy consumption in wireless communications networks and has recently received lots of attention. Meanwhile, two-way relay has been extensively studied and proves to be more spectral-efficient than direct transmission and one-way relay in many scenarios. In this paper, we study energy-efficient resource allocation for OFDMA-based two-way relay, maximizing the aggregated energy efficiency (EE) utility while provisioning proportional fairness in EE among different terminal pairs. The energy-efficient joint power and subchannel allocation and active subchannel selection problem is mixed-integer combinatorial and further demonstrates to be nonconvex. To approach the performance limit, we first find an upper-bound solution relying on continuous relaxation and the Lagrange dual method. To reduce the computational complexity, we separate power allocation and subchannel assignment. To this regard, we exploit the hidden concavity and the pseudoconcavity in the subproblems for any fixed subchannel assignment and propose an EE-oriented sequential subchannel assignment policy. Besides, we discover the sufficient condition for early termination of the sequential subchannel assignment without losing the EE optimality. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed energy-efficient OFDMA-based two-way relay can achieve much larger EE utility while provisioning proportional fairness in EE among different terminal pairs compared to its spectral-efficient counterpart.
Numerical experiments with a symmetric high-resolution shock-capturing scheme

Characteristic-based explicit and implicit total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes for the two-dimensional compressible Euler equations have recently been developed. This is a generalization of recent work of Roe and Davis to a wider class of symmetric (non-upwind) TVD schemes other than Lax-Wendroff. The Roe and Davis schemes can be viewed as a subset of the class of explicit methods. The main properties of the present class of schemes are that they can be implicit, and, when steady-state calculations are sought, the numerical solution is independent of the time step. In a recent paper, a comparison of a linearized form of the present implicit symmetric TVD scheme with an implicit upwind TVD scheme originally developed by Harten and modified by Yee was given. Results favored the symmetric method. It was found that the latter is just as accurate as the upwind method while requiring less computational effort. Currently, more numerical experiments are being conducted on time-accurate calculations and on the effect of grid topology, numerical boundary condition procedures, and different flow conditions on the behavior of the method for steady-state applications. The purpose here is to report experiences with this type of scheme and give guidelines for its use.
School Term vs. School Holiday: Associations with Children’s Physical Activity, Screen-Time, Diet and Sleep

This cross-sectional study examined differences in children’s health behaviors during school term (ST) versus school holiday (SH: June–July) and how associations changed when weather characteristics were considered. Children aged 5–18 years (n = 406) from a subtropical climate reported behaviors over 20 months. Multivariable regression models controlling for age, sex, race and body mass index z-score（BMIz ） were used to examine associations between SH and each behavior. A second model included heat index, precipitation and daylight hours. Strenuous activity, moderate activity, total activity and TV viewing were significantly higher during SH than ST. After adjusting for weather characteristics, total activity remained significantly higher during SH, but the association with TV viewing was attenuated. Youth surveyed during high precipitation were significantly less likely to meet physical activity guidelines. There were no significant associations between SH and meeting sleep, physical activity or screen-time guidelines. Weather characteristics influenced associations between SH and youth’s physical activity and TV viewing.
Zinc supplementation and plasma concentration of vitamin A in preterm infants.

To assess the effect of zinc supplementation on plasma retinol levels, 24 preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive 400 micrograms.kg-1.d-1 of intravenous Zn or no Zn supplementation. Intakes of protein, energy, and vitamin A were similar for both groups as were day 0 plasma concentrations of retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and Zn. Zn concentrations were not significantly different between groups at any time during the 3-wk study; however, retinol values in wk 1 increased more in the supplemented group (delta = 10.0 vs 0.9 micrograms/dL, or 0.35 vs 0.031 mumol/L; p less than 0.005). RBP appeared to increase more in the supplemented group but did not reach statistical significance. We hypothesize that the increase in plasma retinol levels noted in the preterm infants receiving Zn supplementation may be mediated by an increased production of RBP in the liver that in turn enhances the hepatic release of retinol.
JTP-426467 acts as a selective antagonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in vitro and in vivo.

Aim JTP-426467 was identified as a result of screening in search of selective antagonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). We examined whether JTP-426467 functioned as a PPARgamma antagonist in vitro and in vivo and investigated physiological effects of JTP-426467. Methods The effect of JTP-426467 as a PPARgamma antagonist was studied in a cell-based reporter assay and an adipocyte differentiation assay. Target mRNA expression levels were determined by branched DNA (bDNA) assay. To examine the effects as a PPARgamma antagonist in vivo, a competitive study between JTP-426467 and BRL49653 (rosiglitazone), a PPARgamma agonist, was performed using KK-Ay mice. The effects of JTP-426467 alone after administration to KK-Ay mice were also explored. JTP-426467 antagonized PPARgamma activity in a reporter assay system, but not PPARalpha. Results JTP-426467 inhibited the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) mRNA, an adipocyte-abundant gene, but not PPARgamma itself or cyclophilin mRNA (as constitutive mRNA), and also suppressed triglyceride accumulation in differentiated stromal vascular fraction cells (SVFs). JTP-426467 antagonized PPARgamma agonistic action by BRL49653 in KK-Ay mice on high-fat diet, in terms of plasma glucose, body weight gain and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) weight. JTP-426467 alone inhibited body weight gain and decreased plasma leptin level in KK-Ay mice. Conclusions JTP-426467 acted as a pure and potent PPARgamma antagonist in vitro. Interestingly, JTP-426467 completely antagonized the effects of PPARgamma agonist BRL49653 in an obese diabetic model. JTP-426467 may be a useful tool for the study of PPARgamma in biological and physiological function.
Generation of a Squeezed Vacuum Field with PPKTP at 1064nm for Gravitational Wave Interferometers

Squeezed vacuum generation at 1064 nm in a PPKTP-based optical parametric oscillator is demonstrated for sensitivity improvements in gravitational wave detectors. Broadband squeezing of >2.5dB is reported in the 1-100 KHz frequency range.
Substituent-induced effects on dimensionality in cadmium isophthalate coordination polymers containing 3-pyridylisonicotinamide

Abstract Hydrothermal treatment of cadmium nitrate, a 5-substituted isophthalic acid, and 3-pyridylisonicotinamide (3-pina) resulted in three coordination polymers whose dimensionality depended critically on the nature of the aromatic ring substituent. These three new phases were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. {[Cd(hip)(3-pina)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (1, hip = 5-hydroxyisophthalate) and {[Cd(meoip)(3-pina)(H2O)2]·H2O}n (2, meoip = 5-methoxyisophthalate) both manifest simple 1-D chain structures with pendant 3-pina ligands. [Cd(mip)(3-pina)]n (3, mip = 5-methylisophthalate) possesses [Cd(mip)]n 1-D chains featuring {Cd2(OCO)2} dimeric units, linked by tethering 3-pina ligands into a non-interpenetrated 3-D 6-connected 41263 pcu network. Luminescent behavior in all cases is attributed to intra-ligand molecular orbital transitions.
VIOLATIONS OF PAROLE: LANGUAGE, RELIGION, AND POWER AMONG THE MODERN UDASI MOVEMENT AND THE SGPC

This article explores a subaltern framework to examine language, religion, and power among contemporary Sikh movements, such as the Udasis, that oppose the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabhandak Committee (SGPC). From the late nineteenth century, the Punjab environment progressively communalized as religious groups competed internally and externally to win supporters and define outsiders. Emblematic of these processes in Sikhism are those affirming ties to Hinduism, such as the Udasis, and those seeking a separate religious identity, such as the Tat Khalsa Singh Sabha. This paper begins with an overview of constructions of Hinduism and Sikhism in the colonial period. Next, the theory of parole is developed to trace the relationships among language, religion, and power transacted through speech. Finally, the SGPC's portrayals of the Udasis and modern Udasi responses are presented. The Udasis exemplify how certain sects fell outside of epi-colonial religious demarcations in the Punjab that progressed toward a singl...
Grating-coupled excitation of the Uller–Zenneck surface wave in the optical regime

The excitation of the Uller–Zenneck surface wave in the optical regime was theoretically investigated for planar as well as periodically corrugated interfaces of two homogeneous, isotropic dielectric materials, with only one of the two being dissipative. A practical configuration involving the plane-wave illumination of a planar interface of the two partnering materials was found to be unsuitable for experimental confirmation of the existence of this surface wave. But, when the interface was periodically corrugated, the Uller–Zenneck wave was found to be excited over a wide range of angles of incidence. Air and crystalline silicon were identified as suitable partnering materials for experiments in the visible and ultraviolet spectral regimes.
Bicubic patch bounds

Abstract There are two practical problems faced by users of parametric bicubic patch surfaces. One problem is to find the intersections of a straight line with the surface, for N/C computing. The other is to find planar intersections with the surface, for design purposes. Since such surfaces frequently consist of hundreds of patches, a procedure for eliminating obvious non-candidate patches seems desirable. Here it is proposed to use box enclosures for the patches, so that if a line (or a plane) fails to intersect the box the patch can be refected. There is a choice of strategies for box selection, and examples are given to exhibit the main features appropriate to the choice of strategy.
Vegetation Changes in Temperate Forested Island Communities in Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, USA

Abstract We documented changes in overstory species composition and foliar cover during a 23-year sampling period, compared woody species on three small islands in Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire, and determined changes in dominant plant species over time. Floristic surveys had begun on these islands in 1901, and provided valuable information about earlier vascular plant composition. Three Mile Island, Hawk's Nest Island, and Blueberry Island were first sampled quantitatively in 1978, again in 1991, and most recently in 2001. The data compiled here are for woody vascular plant species found in long-term monitoring plots on the islands owned and/or managed by the Appalachian Mountain Club. Pinus resinosa, P. strobus, and Tsuga canadensis were the three most dominant species on Hawk's Nest throughout the study period. On Blueberry Island, Acer rubrum, Betula populifolia, and T. canadensis were the three most dominant woody species when sampling began. However, by 2001 Ilex verticillata, Myrica gale, and V...
Analysis of a non-volumetric gas-condensate reservoir using a generalized material balance equation with fluid properties from an equation of state

Abstract Predicting the expansion of an underlying aquifer can be of paramount importance in certain aspects of petroleum engineering, such as the control of water coning, calculating reserves, designing well completions, designing surface facilities such as separators, pumps, etc. Predicting water encroachment can be of critical importance in describing and managing a hydrocarbon reservoir. This study focuses on the use of a generalized material balance equation (GMBE) along with the analytical solution to the diffusivity equation for a constant inner boundary pressure to determine the size of a water-bearing formation in contact with a gas-condensate reservoir. When the hydrocarbon reservoir fluid is a gas-condensate, it is essential to use the GMBE. Should the conventional material balance equation (CMBE) be used in lieu of the GMBE, considerable errors could be introduced as will be demonstrated in this paper. The main goal of this paper is to illustrate the ability of the GMBE to determine the size of an aquifer encroaching into a gas-condensate reservoir. Once this size is obtained, it could be used as an input parameter to a reservoir simulator to forecast the future expansion of the aquifer as depletion proceeds. When the CMBE is used to describe black oil reservoirs, certain simplifying assumptions are normally made. Those include neglecting the effect of the compressibilities of the connate water and the reservoir rock, in addition to the volatilized liquid in the gas phase. The effect of these assumptions in gas-condensate reservoirs will be examined.
A Long Way From Home? Race, Community, Educational Opportunity, and Residential Choice

For several decades, in response to the severe conditions found in lowincome urban areas, educational opportunity programs have offered highachieving students scholarships and placement in predominantly White college preparatory schools in affluent areas. Those who complete their studies most often go to elite colleges and universities, earn advanced degrees, and enjoy the privileged status of educated professionals. Much research has been done on the restricted residential mobility of low-income urban residents and the possibility, or relative lack thereof, of out-migration from neighborhoods with the fewest resources. And while scholars differ on whether out-migration has in fact been achieved by more advantaged residents, they agree that the desire and efforts to do so, particularly among the middle class, are evident. These studies suggest then that given the opportunity, those with the resources and opportunity will choose to live elsewhere. Data presented here offer a more complex picture of residential choice, the way in which the newly middle class born in low-income urban areas conceptualize community, and how and why some of those most
Determination of stability constants of a copper/citric acid complex by ion-exchange chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry

Abstract The method is based on separation of free copper ion from the complex by ion-exchange chromatography and determination of the free copper ions by atomic absorption spectrometry. Parameters that influence the separation and determination of the free metal are evaluated. Calculation of the conditional stability constant and the number of binding sites per citric acid (L) molecule was based on a Scatchard plot. The conditional stability constants found for the CuL2− complex were pK = 5.04 at pH 7.0 and pK = 4.76 at pH 6.2 and ionic strength 0.10 M. The number of binding sites per molecule was unity.
War and American Democracy Electoral Costs of the Last Five Wars

Most analyses of American elections have treated wars as special events, including them in the analysis, but seeking only to make conclusions specific to each war. This article examines the last five American wars statistically and historically, seeking to demonstrate that, in general, wars have caused elected leaders associated with American entry into battle to lose ground in wartime elections. Both the statistical results and the historical commentary support the central hypothesis and suggest some important related conclusions: Changes in short-run military outlays appear to be the most effective measure of war's impact on the nation; presidents have been more subject to the effects of war than have members of Congress; and wars have influenced postwar elections at least as much as elections during wartime.
Disulfide Cross-Linked Fab-Aggregates: Preparation and Biodistribution

AbstractThe high-molecular-weight soluble aggregates of Fab fragments of murine antibodies against cardiac myosin were prepared as a potential long-circulating and low immunogenic pharmaceutical carriers by conjugation of thiolated Fab and Fab modified with succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate. The clearance time and biodistribution of 111in-radiolabeled aggregates were studied in normal and nude-mice bearing human breast tumor implant and in rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction. The aggregates had a prolonged circulation time (half clearance time ca. 3-5 h) and ability to concentrate in the tumor and in the necrotic area of infarcted myocardium. Similar tumor-to-normal and infarct-to-normal accumulation ratios (ca. 3 h in both cases) suggest that combination of long circulation with impaired filtration in necrotic tissues is responsible for this accumulation rather than a specific interaction. The aggregates prepared may serve as long-circulating drug carriers able to deliver pharmaceuti...
Effects of Increased Pollinator Levels on Production of the Highbush Blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum

The major factors contributing to the decline of blueberry yields in the Michigan-Indiana region seem to be low pollinator populations and strong discrimination by pollinators among blubbery varieties. Honey bees, Apis mellifera L. , showed a strong preference for the ‘Rubel’ variety over ‘Jersey,’ the major commercial variety. Under experimental conditions, honey bees used as pollinators increased production nearly 5-fold. Berry size and maturation rate were also increased. Two strong colonies of honey bees per acre of blueberries under good weather conditions appeared to be adequate for pollination purposes. At this concentration honey bees did not appear to exhibit varietals preferences. Two-year observations indicate that fertilization recommendations may need to be altered to permit the heavy yearly production made possible by high honey bee populations. Seed counts of fruit from the experimental plots indicate that the changes observed in fruit characteristics resulted from increased pollination.
Three-dimensional Optical Tomographic Measurements of Mixing Fluids

Instantaneous three-dimensional measurements of species concentration in a co-flowing jet are obtained with optical tomography. The processing of 36 interferometric views to obtain measurements with 1.3mm resolution and 5% accuracy is described. Data from one experiment is presented, and merits of two visualizations of the data are compared.
High-speed 2D VCSEL arrays at 990nm for short reach interconnects

ABSTRACT We have demonstrated high density, 2D (4x12) VCSEL ar rays operating at an aggregate data rate of over 480Gb/s in an aerial density of 1400x3750 µ m 2 , or 9.14 Tbs/cm 2 . These flip-chip, bottom-emitting 990nm VCSELs have low drive voltage, low electrical parasitics, improved thermal impedance and 2D scalability over their wire-bonded top emitting counterparts. Excellent high speed performance was obtained through the use of 1) compressively strained InGaAs MQW active region 2) low parasitic capacitance oxide-confined VCSEL structures and 3) low series resistance, high index contrast AlGaAs/GaAs mirrors. 10Gb/s operation was obtain ed with low operating current density of ~6kA/cm 2 at 70 o C. Our best results to date have achieved data rates greater than 15Gb/s @70 C at a current density less than 10kA/cm 2 . The device results show good agreement with theoretically calculated/simulated values. 1. INTRODUCTION Future rack-to-rack and board-to-board computer interconnects will require data rates in excess of 20Gb/s while maintaining the smallest aerial density and low power consumption. 990nm VCSELs exhibit better high speed performance, improved thermal behavior an d the advantage of flip-chip 2D arrays over their 850nm counterparts. 990nm VCSELs have improved carrier confinement resulting from a higher conduction band offset, improved differential gain and lower transparency due to strain [1] and low optical attenuation through the GaAs substrate. The use of higher contrast (compared to 850nm) AlGaAs DBRs improves the mode volume and thermal resistan ce of these devices. The use of AlGaAs DBRs on GaAs substrates in these VCSELs allows robust epi and device process window and lends itself to manufacturability. 2. METHODOLOGY Epitaxial growths were performed by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), in a production scale reactor with arsine, trimethyl- group III alkyl precursors, and disilane (0.01% in H
Percutaneous Transcervical Thoracic Duct Embolization for Treatment of a Cervical Lymphocele Following Anterior Spinal Fusion: A Case Report

Thoracic duct injury is an uncommon complication of neck dissection and cervical spinal surgery that is associated with significant morbidity. The authors describe an unusual case of thoracic duct injury during anterior spinal fusion resulting in a large prevertebral lymphocele presenting with dysphagia, respiratory distress, and chyloptysis. Surgical closure of the lymphocele was unsuccessful, and percutaneous drainage and sclerotherapy was performed. A large thoracic duct branch communicating with the lymphocele became evident during sclerotherapy, and embolization of the duct was performed via a percutaneous transcervical approach. Symptoms immediately resolved, and the patient remained asymptomatic at 6-month follow-up.
Where do Underage College Students Get Alcohol

Alcohol consumption and related problems are common among underage college students, yet qualitative, in-depth information on how/where these students obtain alcohol is limited. We conducted focus groups pertaining to access to alcohol and related issues with 19 underage college students. They reported that alcohol is easy to obtain from a variety of sources, with friends/acquaintances who are of legal age or those with a false ID being the most common. Parties were also common sources, but "shoulder tapping" (i.e., asking a stranger to purchase alcohol) was not common. Disagreement arose over whether underage fraternity/sorority members have greater access to alcohol than non-Greeks. Our results provide updated information on the various sources of alcohol and associated issues among underage college students.
Fast guesses in choice reaction time

A model which describes the effect fast guesses must have on observable choice latencies and probabilities is developed, strengthened, and tested with encouraging results. With the model, it is possible to estimate “true” decision times and probabilities without requiring error-free performance in discriminative reaction time.
The teaching of immunology using educational: gaming paradigms

Educational gaming is an exciting genre of computer programming that attempts to find interesting and compelling ways to teach while also being fun. Research has been conducted to determine what aspects make certain educational games effective, but there have been no conclusive findings. Combining information about successful educational gaming elements from these studies with our own knowledge, we created an educational game that simulates the processes of human immune systems by using a "Tower defense"-type game.
Personalized CHF treatment: PCT to guide therapy in heart failure patients

Sorting out the etiology of dyspnea in patients with a history of heart failure is not always straightforward. Although an acute heart failure exacerbation would seem to be easy to distinguish from an acute respiratory illness, data from objective clinical studies has shown otherwise. Procalcitonin (PCT), a biomarker that rises in the setting of bacterial infection, carries great potential for guiding the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure patients with possible acute respiratory infection. In this issue of the International Journal of Cardiology, Kutz et al. demonstrated that patients with a history of heart failure and suspected lower respiratory tract infection experienced reduced antibiotic duration and superior outcomes with PCT-guided therapy. The results in this subset of heart failure patients from the ProHOSP study were consistent with the results seen in the overall study population. This study points to the need for a randomized controlled trial in a broader population of heart failure patients with acute dyspnea, to further define the prominent role that PCT can play in more personalized medical treatments that can improve patient outcomes.
Polarisation splitter/combiner based on an antiresonant directional coupler

The theoretical performance of a new polarisation splitter/combiner based on a directional coupler is studied using vectorial mode analysis. The device includes an efficient antiresonant mirror transparent to TM polarisation and opaque to TE polarisation. Simulations indicate a high level of TM light can be transferred from the input waveguide into the non-excited guide for coupling lengths shorter than 1 mm. In addition, coupling efficiency of 80% and extinction ratios close to 30 dB have been obtained in a not optimised device.
Persistent cognitive and motor deficits after successful antimalarial treatment in murine cerebral malaria

Human cerebral malaria causes neurological and behavioral deficits which persist long after resolution of infection and clearance of parasites with antimalarial drugs. Previously, we demonstrated that during active infection, mice with cerebral malaria demonstrated negative behavioral outcomes. Here we used a chloroquine treatment model of cerebral malaria to determine whether these abnormal outcomes would be persistent in the mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, and treated for ten days. After cessation of chloroquine, a comprehensive assessment of cognitive and motor function demonstrated persistence of abnormal behavioral outcomes, 10 days after successful eradication of parasites. Furthermore, these deficits were still evident forty days after cessation of chloroquine, indicating persistence long after successful treatment, a hallmark feature of human cerebral malaria. Thus, cognitive tests similar to those used in these mouse studies could facilitate the development of adjunctive therapies that can ameliorate adverse neurological outcomes in human cerebral malaria.
Familial factors in psychic adjustment.

To investigate the influence of environment upon the psychic (emotional) state, 150 adult subjects were studied, in three groups. One-third consisted of married women; one-third consisted of their husbands; and one-third consisted of unrelated females (randomly drawn) age-paired to the wives. Psychic state was determined by a simple self-administered controlled association test (Cornell Word Form-2). In the two male-female comparisons, the psychic responses were related only in the husband-wife group, and in this group the correlation increased with advancing age. Since the husbands and their wives presumably lived under similar conditions, this may constitute evidence for the role of environment in the psychic state, without in any way minimizing other causative factors.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Over a Three-Dimensional Spherical Object in a Pipe

An incompressible viscous fluid flow with heat transfer over a spherical object inside a pipe is considered. The flow is made three-dimensional by an eccentric positioning of the sphere inside the pipe. The governing equations are solved by a numerical method which uses a finite volume formulation in a generalized body fitted coordinate system. An overset (Chimera) grid scheme is used to resolve the two geometries of the pipe and sphere. The results are compared to those of an external flow over a sphere, and the code is validated using such results in the intermediate Reynolds number range. The blockage effects are analyzed through evaluation of lift, drag, and heat transfer rate over the sphere. Also the change in the shear stress pattern is examined through evaluation of the local friction factor on a pipe wall and sphere surface
Should There Be a Duty to Report Crime

A number of studies have examined why people do or do not respond when they observe criminal activities. Traditionally, the legal system has not punished the failure to report a crime. This study sought to ascertain whether a sample of college students and public citizens thought there should be legal punishments for the failure to report crimes. Respondents (N = 301) were presented a list of illegal acts and asked to select from a list (no punishment, fine, or prison sentences) what type of punishment should be enforced for failure to report that crime. Analysis indicated that the sample thought there should be punishments for most of the crimes, with a fine as the modal response. For more serious crimes, more serious punishments were selected, and there were some sex differences. It appeared that public support for such laws might be strong.
Energy convexity as a consequence of decoherence and pair-extensive interactions in many-electron systems

Abstract Using the concept of self-entanglement, through which a pure state constructed in an augmented Hilbert space can describe a mixed state and through which the effects of physical decoherence can be mapped onto systems separated by an infinite distance, with the role of environmental states assumed by system states in disjoint Hilbert spaces, we show that expectation values of Hamiltonians subscribing to decoherence and satisfying the condition of extensivity, defined in the text, obey the energy convexity relation. The analysis based on self-entanglement also leads to a surprising interpretation of the failure of the convexity relation for model Hamiltonians such as the Hubbard model: The failure is due to the existence of self-entangled states with lower energies than the ground state so that in such models decoherence, i.e., disentangling from the self-entangled states, would cost energy and disallow the observation of the state through measurement. The Hubbard model is discussed extensively in an appendix where we also discuss and resolve some of the counterarguments to the convexity relation that have been advanced in the literature.