cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Coaches' Behavior on African American Female Athletes' Playing Satisfaction: A Cursory Review of the Literature

Although researchers have examined the relationship between coaches' behaviors and athlete satisfaction, the findings have not been conclusive concerning the behaviors that coaches should adopt to maximize player satisfaction with playing the sport. Coaches' behaviors have a significant influence on the satisfaction of Black athletes who participate on collegial sports teams. The research examining coaches' behaviors has established that positive or supportive behaviors as well as frequency of task correction increase motivation and satisfaction, while negative or critical behaviors decrease motivation. Negative coaches' behaviors are associated with burnout and depression among athletes. Research suggests that females are more intrinsically motivated than males and respond more favorably to positive coaching behaviors. Lack of research investigating the relationship between coaches' behaviors and satisfaction among Black female athletes indicates the need for future research in this area.
Wafer orientation for wayflow end stations

Abstract Rotational orientation of wafers has been shown to eliminate dose uniformity problems caused by channeling. Also, wafer rotation during ion implantation eliminates the shadow caused by the structure sidewall and the incident beam offset angle. An orientation system was designed for use in an Extrion ion implanter Wayflow end station. A prototype was built to verify the design concept. The purpose of this manuscript is to explain the concept of this proposed design, discuss experiments that were conducted with a prototype, and state conclusions derived from this work.
Proteolytic Activity of IGFBP-3 in Various Clinical Conditions During Childhood Studied by Means of Western Immunoblotting.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have 6 types of binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP-3 is the major IGFBP in human sera. A proteolytic enzyme for IGFBP-3 has recently been reported to be present in human and animal pregnant sera. Although the physiological significance of a pregnancy-associated IGFBP-3 protease remains to be established, the proteolysis could result in lowering the affinity for IGFs, thereby enhancing their delivery to target tissues by increasing free IGFs in the circulation. The methods for detection of IGFBP-3 protease which have been widely used so far are a method reported by Lamson et al. which used affinity crosslinking or western ligand blotting. These methods need radioactive materials (iodinated IGFs and IGFBP-3) and it takes at least a few days to get the results. We have now developed a simple assay for the proteolysis of IGFBP-3. The method is western immunoblotting without radioactive materials. The results can be obtained in a day. With this method, we proved the absence of significant proteolytic activity in sera from rapidly growing children (early stage of puberty or precocious puberty), and sera from a severe type of growth hormone deficiency. Significant proteolytic activity, as in pregnant women, was detected in 6 out of 11 patients with acute disorders such as measles, Kawasaki disease, bacterial meningitis and mycoplasma pneumonia, some of whom were probably in a catabolic condition. These data suggests that the proteolysis of IGFBP-3 might also be important in modulating IGF action in some acute diseases during childhood. The increased bioavailability of IGFs by IGFBP-3 proteolysis may play a role in overcoming catabolic conditions.
The moderating effect of trigger intensity on triggered displaced aggression

Many instances of aggression result in excessive retaliation in response to a seemingly trivial triggering event. The triggered displaced aggression paradigm (TDA; Miller, Pedersen, Earleywine, & Pollock, 2003) provides an experimental vehicle for exploring such occurrences. Participants were either provoked or not and were subsequently exposed to a neutral, mild, or moderately strong triggering event from a second bogus participant. Consistent with TDA theory (Miller et al., 2003), disjunctively escalated aggressive behavior occurred only among previously provoked participants when responding to the mild triggering event, but not the moderately strong or neutral trigger. Independent of provocation, the neutral triggering event elicited very low levels of aggression, whereas the moderately strong trigger elicited moderate levels of aggression. Implications for instances of real world aggression are discussed.
Simultaneous vibrational and rotational transitions in hydrogen + argon at high collision velocities: collisions at nonzero impact parameters

Abstract The problem of vibrationally and rotationally inelastic scattering processes in H 2 + Ar for nonzero impact parameter b has been investigated in the collision velocity range of 10 6 –10 7 cm/sec by use of the sudden approximation. The simultaneous vibrational (0 → 1) and rotational (00 → 00, 20, or 40) transitions were studied. For υ > 3 x 10 6 cm/sec, the probabilities for b/l = 1.0 are found to be very large compared with those for b = 0, where l is the hard-sphere collision diameter; for b/l > 1.0, the probabilities decrease very rapidly with increasing b . The results show that nonzero- b collisions must be included in the calculation of simultaneous transition processes in H 2 + Ar at higher collision velocities.
Cigarette smoke-induced endothelium dysfunction: role of superoxide anion.

Objectives Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. While smoking has been shown to impair endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. We investigated the role of superoxide anion and vasoconstricting prostanoids in cigarette smoke induced endothelial dysfunction. Methods Endothelial function was assessed in rat aortic rings exposed to cigarette smoke-treated Krebs buffer, by measuring agonist stimulated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Treatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as ifetroban, thromboxane A 2 /prostaglandin endoperoxide H 2 (TxA 2 /PGH 2 ) receptor blocker and indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) was used to investigate the role of superoxide anion and vasoconstricting eicosanoids on cigarette smoke-induced endothelial dysfunction. The effect of cigarette smoke on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) catalytic activity was measured by conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline in rat aortas and rat endothelial cell homogenates supplemented with eNOS cofactors. Results Relaxations to receptor-dependent agonists, acetylcholine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), as well as to a receptor-independent agonist, A23187 (Ca 2+ ionophore) were significantly impaired by cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke did not impair relaxations to sodium nitroprusside, indicating preserved guanylate cyclase activity. Further, cigarette smoke did not affect eNOS catalytic activity in homogenates from either endothelial cells or aortas previously exposed to cigarette-smoke-treated Krebs buffer. Treatment with SOD or ifetroban and in a lesser degree by indomethacin prevented cigarette-smoke-induced endothelial dysfunction. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that cigarette smoking causes an increase in vascular superoxide production which results in decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and concomitantly increases production of cyclooxygenase dependent and independent vasoconstricting eicosanoids.
Tunable Thermo-Responsive Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Cellulose Nanofibers: Synthesis, Characterization, and Fabrication†

Temperature-responsive PVCL homopolymers and functional PVCL polymers containing carboxylic acids are prepared in organic and aqueous solutions. PVCL bulk polymers are characterized using H NMR, photometry, ATR-FTIR, and thermal analysis. A finite phase transition at 37–40 8C occurs in aqueous solutions of PVCL and PVCL-COOH. PVCL and PVCLCOOH polymers are electrospun into fibers ranging from 100 to 2300 nm in diameter. PVCL/cellulose bi-component films are obtained by electrospinning of CA and PVCL followed by alkaline hydrolysis. These tunable thermoresponsive PVCL/cellulose nanofibers have potential applications in developing affinity membranes.
Calculation of the Generalized Watson Sums with an Application to the Generalized Heisenberg Ferromagnet

A method of calculating the generalized Watson sums $\ensuremath{\Phi}(\ensuremath{\alpha}, \ensuremath{\eta})=\ensuremath{\Sigma}{\mathrm{k}}^{}{({e}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}[1\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\eta}J(\mathrm{k})}{J(0)}]}\ensuremath{-}1)}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ is presented. These sums over all reciprocal-lattice vectors in the first Brillouin zone are evaluated by approximating term with integrals which are then calculated analytically for $0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\infty}$ and $0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\le}1$. To demonstrate the applicability of this technique, the magnetization of an anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnet is calculated for the simple cubic (sc), bcc, and fcc lattices.
Increased efflux of vincristine, but not of daunorubicin, associated with the murine multidrug resistance protein (MRP)

The multidrug resistance protein (MRP) is a membrane protein that mediates altered transport of cytotoxic drugs. Although MRP overexpression has been described in doxorubicin-selected human tumor cell lines, the murine PC-V10 and PC-V40 cell lines are members of the only reported series of vincristine-selected cell lines that overexpress mrp. Western blotting, using an antiserum developed against human MRP, demonstrated high-level expression of murine MRP primarily in the plasma membranes in each of the vincristine-selected cell lines. Only PC-V160, selected for high level resistance, demonstrated concomitant overexpression of the P-glycoprotein. As compared with parental cells, each of the drug-selected cell lines demonstrated an energy-dependent, decreased net accumulation of vincristine without any changes in the initial rates of vincristine influx. However, there was an enhanced rate of vincristine loss, 2.3-fold from the PC-V40 cell line and 3.9-fold from the PC-V160 cell line. Selective plasma membrane permeabilization with digitonin equalized vincristine accumulation among the parental, the PC-V40, and the PC-V160 cell lines. No intracellular pH differences were detected among the cell lines. Despite high-level MRP expression, daunorubicin accumulation and the rate of daunorubicin loss in the PC-V40 cells were the same as that observed in parental PC4 cells. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated no difference in the pattern of subcellular daunorubicin accumulation between parental and PC-V40 cells. These studies demonstrate that murine MRP, overexpressed and found predominantly in the plasma membrane of vincristine-selected PC-V40 cells, is associated with an energy-dependent increased efflux of vincristine, but not with efflux or altered distribution of daunorubicin.
The pure rotational Raman spectrum of chloroform

Abstract The pure rotational Raman spectrum of CHCl3 vapor has been photographed under high dispersion in the thirteenth order of a 300 groove/mm plane grating. The spectrum is that of a symmetric top rotator with an average line spacing of 0.44 cm−1 for the S-branch. Transitions were observed in the S-branch from J = 35 to J = 84. Using the value B0 = 0.110141 cm−1 determined by microwave spectroscopy for CHCl335, the Raman data yield for the centrifugal distortion constant DJ the value DJ = (6.2 ± 2) × 10−8, cm−1. This result is in fair agreement with the value calculated from force constants but differs considerably from the results of the most recent microwave investigations.
The Slow Combustion of Acetylene

IN a recent paper, Bodenstein1 has propounded a theory of the slow oxidation of acetylene, which accounts extremely well for the observed2 kinetic phenomena. However, he considers the chain length to be of the order of one link, contrary to the generally accepted mechanism of hydrocarbon oxidation. That acetylene and oxygen form a reaction chain of considerable length is evident from the following experiments, carried out at 320° C. in a circulating apparatus of the same design as that described by Spence and Kistiakowsky.2 Using an unpacked pyrex glass furnace of 75 c.c. volume, with an internal diameter of 20 mm., and circulating a mixture of 276.6 mm. of acetylene and 147.2 mm. of oxygen, 51.4 mm. of acetylene reacted in one hour. When, however, a furnace packed with pyrex glass tubing of 2 mm. internal diameter and having a total free gas volume of 75 c.c. was substituted for the unpacked vessel, using the same initial amounts of acetylene and oxygen, less than 1 mm. of acetylene had reacted after one hour. Also, a much slower reaction was observed when the surface of the unpacked vessel was coated with potassium chloride.
Assessing the Effects of Experiencing the Acting White Accusation

Adolescence is a period when many youth are subjected to close scrutiny by peers. Acting white is one of the most negative accusations one African American adolescent can hurl at another. The accusation has been documented as early as elementary school; however, the research indicates it is most salient and first likely to occur during early adolescence. In this paper, the assessment of adolescents’ experience of the acting white accusation is sought. A series of studies are presented that explore both qualitative and quantitative approaches to assessing the acting white accusation wherein the qualitative data and findings guide the formation of a quantitative assessment of the acting white accusation experience. Based on the results, a mixed methods approach is recommended to facilitate further understanding of the accusation.
Measured gas desorption and electron cloud effects with an intense ion beam in a solenoid lattice

Electron cloud and gas measurements were conducted in a solenoid lattice with a $10\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, singly charged ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ ion bunch at an ion energy of 0.3 MeV and currents of 26 and 45 mA. The principal objective of these experiments is to control electrons and understand their impact on the beam dynamics. Electron clearing measurements indicate an electron density close to 1% of the beam density in the solenoid lattice is enough to partially neutralize the beam and cause the emittance to grow $\ensuremath{\ge}40%$. A new method of measuring the dynamics of beam-induced gas desorption, ionization, and electron emission for normal incidence is also presented. Stainless steel and copper targets exposed to a beam intensity of $1.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{12}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ions}/\mathrm{pulse}$ show ionized gas and electron densities approach the beam density in a single pulse. These measurements also show the gas cloud expands as a function of time and the dynamics are dependent upon the incident material and the bias voltage.
Extended abstract of "a new approach to the symbolic factorization of multivariate polynomials"

A heuristic factorization scheme that uses learning and other heuristic programming techniques to improve the efficiency of determining the symbolic factorization of multivariate polynomials with integer coefficients and an arbitrary number of variables and terms is described. This factorization scheme is implemented in the learning program POLYFACT and is applied only to multivariate polynomials. The factorization scheme cannot be considered to be a completely general factorization algorithm for there are some instances where the scheme can fail to factor a reducible polynomial. The practical utility of this scheme lies in trying to employ some of the heuristic techniques in an algorithm such as Wang's to reduce the combinatorial searching that must be done to obtain the truefactors of a multivariate polynomial over the integers. Wang's algorithm uses a bottom-up approach for determining the truefactors; whereas, the heuristic scheme in POLYFACT uses a top-down approach.
Stream channel responses and soil loss at off-highway vehicle stream crossings in the Ouachita National Forest

article This study investigates the geomorphic effects of ford-type stream crossings in an off-highway vehicle (OHV) trail complex in the Ouachita National Forest, Arkansas. At a total of 15 crossing sites, we used a disturbed vs. un- disturbed study design to assess soil truncation and an upstream vs. downstream design to assess in-channel ef- fects. The 15 sites ranged from OHV crossings active for over 20 years to those on trails that have been closed to regular use for N5 years. All of the sites designated for OHV use (14 sites) exhibit soil loss of ~30 to 45 cm within the trail segments on either side of the crossings. In-channel responses attributable to the crossings were ob- served at 14 (93%) of the sites and include increased bank erosion, increased mud coatings on coarse channel clasts, increased in-channel fine-sediment accumulations, changes in the size distributions of coarse bed materi- al, and occurrence of large channel-filling sediment plugs. However, while every site but one shows at least one channel impact, only one site exhibits all of them. Despite the relatively homogeneous geographic area sampled, only limited generalizations are evident. Sediment impacts seem to predominate over runoff impacts from the trails. Small channels (basin areas b0.4 km 2
The Pediatric Continuity Experience: Do Academic Sites Still Have a Role?

Pediatric residency training requires a broad-based learning experience consisting of exposure to multiple subspecialty areas in which knowledge and skills are in a constant state of flux. Amidst this overwhelming educational challenge to house officers lies the necessity of mastering the basics of general pediatrics. With the current emphasis of health care reform on primary care medicine, pediatric residency programs are being required to provide more ambulatory experiences for those in training.
Gastritis and Intestinal Metaplasia in Syrian Hamsters Infected with Helicobacter aurati and Two Other Microaerobes

Chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia associated with naturally occurring colonization by Helicobacter aurati and two other microaerobic species were observed in Syrian hamsters. Thirty-five hamsters, between 7 and 12 months of age, were evaluated from two research and three commercial facilities. Microaerobic bacteria were cultured from the hamster stomachs. These bacteria included H. aurati, a fusiform, urease-positive species; a second novel helical, urease-negative Helicobacter sp.; as well as a smaller, urease-negative Campylobacter sp. Southern blot analysis detected Helicobacter spp. DNA in the gastric tissues of all 35 hamsters; 15 hamsters also had Campylobacter sp. DNA in their gastric tissues. When examined by light microscopy, argyrophilic bacteria consistent with H. aurati or the second Helicobacter sp. were present in antral sections of 12 out of the 15 hamsters where bacteria were seen, while 9 out of the 15 hamsters had bacteria resembling the Campylobacter sp. The presence of Helicobacter spp. but not the presence of Campylobacter sp. was significantly correlated to gastritis severity (P < 0.0001 for Helicobacter spp., P = 0.6025 for Campylobacter sp.) and intestinal metaplasia, as measured by numbers of goblet cells (P = 0.0239 for Helicobacter spp., P = 0.5525 for Campylobacter sp.). Severely affected hamsters also had Giardia sp. within their metaplastic gastric pits. Hamsters with naturally occurring helicobacter-associated gastritis provide a model for studying the development of intestinal metaplasia and gastric giardiasis in H. pylori-infected humans.
Distinct metabolic programs in activated T cells: opportunities for selective immunomodulation.

Summary For several decades, it has been known that T-cell activation in vitro leads to increased glycolytic metabolism that fuels proliferation and effector function. Recently, this simple model has been complicated by the observation that different T-cell subsets differentially regulate fundamental metabolic pathways under the control of distinct molecular regulators. Although the majority of these data have been generated in vitro, several recent studies have documented the metabolism of T cells activated in vivo. Here, we review the recent data surrounding the differential regulation of metabolism by distinct T-cell subsets in vitro and in vivo and discuss how differential metabolic regulation might facilitate T-cell function vis-a-vis proliferation, survival, and energy production. We further discuss the important therapeutic implications of differential metabolism across T-cell subsets and review recent successes in exploiting lymphocyte metabolism to treat immune-mediated diseases.
Ronald Dworkin, Reverence for Life, and the Limits of State Power

Ronald Dworkin claims in Life's Dominion that our tradition of religious toleration shields decisions to abort a pregnancy and to end one's life with the assistance of others because they pivot on judgements about the value of human life that are essentially spiritual. He further maintains that the state may regulate these decisions to ensure that they honour appropriately life's sacred or intrinsic value. This article disputes the first of Dworkin's claims. Tolerating other people's religious practices does not entail acquiescing in conduct that is not religiously motivated but springs instead from normal moral judgements. This article also questions whether governments justifiably may protect entities or processes simply because some citizens deem them intrinsically valuable. If, despite these doubts, one concludes that the state may assume this protective role, I argue that it probably can enact tighter constraints on abortion and assisted suicide than Dworkin thinks permissible.
Pyridine N-Oxides As Polymeric Nonlinear Optical Materials

Three polymers containing pyridine N-oxide imine pendant moieties were prepared and examined. Although the appropriate low molar mass model compound is liquid crystalline, the polymers are not mesogenic. Two of them form fibers and clear, transparent glasses. Side reactions involving the N-oxide group during polymerization are postulated as leading to the lack of mesomorphism in these materials although the π-chromophore remains essentially intact for the bulk of the material as judged by UV-Vis and other spectral data. They may have NLO application as poled polymeric glasses.
Beta-lactamase of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C. Refinement at 2 A resolution and analysis of hydration.

Abstract The crystallographic and molecular structure of the class A β-lactamase (penicillinase) of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C has been refined with X-ray diffraction data to 2 A resolution. For the 27,330 data with F ⩾ 3α(F), the R factor is 0.15; for all 30,090 data, R is 0.16. The estimated co-ordinate error is 0.15 A. In the final model, the deviation of covalent bonds and angles from ideality is 0.012 A and 2.2 α, respectively. The model includes two molecules of 29,500 daltons each in the asymmetric unit of space group P22, 484 water molecules and two tetrahedral buffer anions. Overlay of the two protein molecules results in a root-meansquare difference of 0.17 A and 0.41 A for α-carbon atoms and for all atoms, respectively. Twenty-six water molecules fall within 0.25 A of matching water molecules associated with the second protein molecule. The reactive Ser70 is on a turn of 310 helix at the N terminus of a longer α-helix (72–83). The penicillin-binding site near this helix contains at least seven water molecules. Upon penicillin entry, a water molecule in the oxyanion hole, hydrogen-bonded between the N terminus of helix (80–83) and β-strand (230–238), would be displaced by the oxygen atom of the α-lactam carbonyl group. An unexpelled molecule of water is proposed to be the catalytic water required for penicillin hydrolysis. The water is hydrogen-bonded to Glul66, a conserved residue in all β-lactamases, and it lies 3 A from the β-face of a previously modeled penicillin. The position of the water-Glu166 pair is stabilized in the active site by a cis peptide bond at Pro167.
A Gunflint-type microbiota from the Duck Creek dolomite, Western Australia

Two-billion-year-old black chert lenses from the Duck Creek formation, northwestern Western Australia, contain abundant organically preserved microorganisms which are morphologically similar to fossils of approximately the same age from the Gunflint formation, Ontario. Entities include a relatively small (5-15 micron) coccoid taxon morphologically comparable to Huroniospora Barghoorn, a larger coccoid form comparable to an apparently planktonic alga from the Gunflint, Gunflintia Barghoorn, and Eoastrion Barghoorn (Metallogenium Perfil'ev). Gunflint-type assemblages had a wide geographic distribution in middle Precambrian times, and these assemblages may eventually prove useful as biostratigraphic indices.
The Maisie environment for parallel simulation

Maisie is among the few languages that separates the simulation program from the underlying algorithm (sequential or parallel) that is used to execute the program. It is thus possible to design a sequential simulation and, if needed, to subsequently port it to a parallel machine for execution with optimistic or conservative algorithms. We provide an overview of the Maisie simulation environment and present experimental measurements of a model with both conservative and optimistic parallel algorithms. We also describe our current work in adding inheritance to the Maisie language. >
Scattering phase matrix for hexagonal ice crystals computed from ray optics.

The scattering phase matrices for finite hexagonal cylinders oriented randomly in space were computed by superposing the scattered intensities of Fraunhofer diffracted rays and geometrical optics rays. However, the effect of interference is considered when the optical path lengths for two rays, split by some obstacle and scattered in the same direction, are equal to each other. Single models (c/a = 2.5 and 0.4) for a hexagonal column and a plate, resembling the corresponding crystals in atmospheric clouds, are used in the computations. Our results showed different values for the phase matrix elements, P33 and P44, from those obtained previously by Cai and Liou. The backscattering linear depolarization ratios and the asymmetry factor for hexagonal plates oriented horizontally were then computed. The backscattering linear depolarization ratios exceeded 1.0 at certain orientations. Within the limitation of the use of single-crystal models for a hexagonal column and a plate, the results appear to agree well with most field and laboratory observations.
The need to redefine preeclampsia.

Introduction: The current definition of preeclampsia is based on convention and not on maternal and/or perinatal outcomes. This article reviews some of the limitations of the conventional definition of preeclampsia and recent evidence suggesting that there is a dose–response relationship between the magnitude of uteroplacental ischemia and the timing of onset of preeclampsia. Areas covered: This clinical opinion reviews the limitations of the conventional cutoff for 24-h proteinuria during pregnancy, problems with blood pressure measurement in pregnant women and recent insights into the pathophysiology of preeclampsia including the role of angiogenic imbalances. Expert opinion: New criteria to redefine preeclampsia has to rely on studies that compare the degree of proteinuria, the severity of hypertension and perhaps the magnitude of angiogenic imbalances in relation with maternal and/or perinatal outcomes. We propose a hypothetical sub-classification of preeclampsia according to whether there is evidence...
Simplified path gain model for mobile-to-mobile communications in an urban high-rise environment

The goal of this work is to create a short-range urban propagation model to predict small area average path gain for mobile to mobile communications with computer running time on the order of 10 ms per link. To achieve such short computation time for a high-rise urban environment, only significant ray paths which travel in the horizontal plane (HP) are considered. The path gain for line of sight (LOS) receiving and transmitting antenna orientation is modeled with the 2-Ray model. For Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) orientations, the dominant ray paths are ray paths that diffract at building corners in the horizontal plane. To compute the contribution to path gain from these diffracted ray paths, approximations on the 2-Ray model and the Geometric Theory of Diffraction (GTD) are utilized. This urban propagation model was validated against empirical models and measurements taken in San Francisco, Boston, Philadelphia, and Manhattan.
A protease-resistant 61-residue prion peptide causes neurodegeneration in transgenic mice.

An abridged prion protein (PrP) molecule of 106 amino acids, designated PrP106, is capable of forming infectious miniprions in transgenic mice (S. Supattapone, P. Bosque, T. Muramoto, H. Wille, C. Aagaard, D. Peretz, H.-O. B. Nguyen, C. Heinrich, M. Torchia, J. Safar, F. E. Cohen, S. J. DeArmond, S. B. Prusiner, and M. Scott, Cell 96:869–878, 1999). We removed additional sequences from PrP106 and identified a 61-residue peptide, designated PrP61, that spontaneously adopted a protease-resistant conformation in neuroblastoma cells. Synthetic PrP61 bearing a carboxy-terminal lipid moiety polymerized into protease-resistant, β-sheet-enriched amyloid fibrils at a physiological salt concentration. Transgenic mice expressing low levels of PrP61 died spontaneously with ataxia. Neuropathological examination revealed accumulation of protease-resistant PrP61 within neuronal dendrites and cell bodies, apparently causing apoptosis. PrP61 may be a useful model for deciphering the mechanism by which PrP molecules acquire protease resistance and become neurotoxic.
Use of Digital Video to Assess Orientation and Mobility Observational Skills

This study compared the observational skills in orientation and mobility (O&M) of nine university students and nine certified O&M specialists using a digital video assessment. The students differed from the O&M specialists in their stylistic observations and the details of their responses. Implications for the improvement of video assessments are discussed. Observational skills are crucial to being a competent orientation and mobility (O&M) instructor. To serve clients effectively and promote independent travel, O&M instructors need to assess clients' current levels of abilities and to monitor the clients' acquisition and development of skills. To do so, they must observe at a level that is sophisticated enough to determine the vital needs of their clients for safety and independence and plan individualized instruction accordingly. This level of observation goes beyond just being able to identify what a person is doing incorrectly in the implementation of techniques or orientation. Effective observation involves a deeper understanding of how errors in the performance of skills or orientation ultimately affect the overall goal of safe, independent travel.
Gene coexpression network discovery with controlled statistical and biological significance

Many biological functions are executed as a module of coexpressed genes which can be conveniently viewed as a coexpression network. Genes are network vertices and significant pairwise coexpression are network edges. Traditional network discovery methods control either statistical significance or biological significance, but not both. We have designed and implemented a two-stage algorithm that controls both the statistical significance (false discovery rate, FDR) and the biological significance (minimum acceptable strength, MAS) of the discovered network. Based on the estimation of pairwise gene profile correlation, the algorithm provides an initial network discovery that controls only FDR, which is then followed by a second network discovery which controls both FDR and MAS. We illustrate the algorithm for discovery of coexpression networks for yeast galactose metabolism with controlled FDR and MAS.
Designing the Optical Interface of a Transcutaneous Optical Telemetry Link

Optical telemetry has long been an option for transcutaneous data transfer and has been used in various types of implanted systems. This telemetry modality and the efficiency of these optical links are becoming ever more important as higher bandwidth sources such as cortical recording arrays are being implemented in implanted systems. The design of the transmitter-skin-receiver interface (the ldquooptical interfacerdquo) is paramount to the operation of a transcutaneous optical telemetry link. This interface functions to achieve sufficient receiver signal power for data communication. This paper describes a mathematical analysis and supporting data that quantitatively describes the relationship between the primary interface design parameters. These parameters include the thickness of the skin through which the light is transmitted, the size of the integration area of the optics, the degree of transmitter-receiver misalignment, the efficiency of the optics system, and the emitter power. The particular combination of these parameters chosen for the hardware device will determine the receiver signal power and, therefore, the data quality for the link. This paper demonstrates some of the tradeoffs involved in the selection of these design parameters and provides suggestions for link design. This analysis may also be useful for transcutaneous optical powering systems.
Shoreline change, seawalls, and coastal property values

Abstract We investigate the effects of shoreline change and protective structures (seawalls) on home values, using data on residences sold between 2000 and 2010 in the coastal towns of Marshfield, Duxbury, and Plymouth, Massachusetts. These towns comprise shorelines that exhibit moderate rates of shoreline change, relative to other shorelines in the state, with extensive armoring. We investigate explicitly the effects of hard structural protection in combination with environmental amenities and hazards (distance to a beach, elevation of a property, location in a flood zone). We find that homeowners pay a premium in housing markets for nearshore properties protected by nature (higher elevations or more stable shorelines) or by humans (seawalls). The average marginal increase in nearshore property values associated with a 1 m rise in elevation is 2 percent, a 1 m (horizontal distance) decrease in the erosion rate is 0.2 percent, and location behind a seawall is 10 percent. The effects of erosion, elevation, and seawalls appear to be limited to properties located in close proximity to water or to oceanfront residences. Overall, the benefits of access to ocean amenities dominate the risks of exposures to hazards associated with shoreline change.
Predicting heat generation in a lithium-ion pouch cell through thermography and the lumped capacitance model

Abstract A technique is developed that combines a new closed-form analytical form of the lumped capacitance model (LCM) and thermography to predict the internal heat generation of a lithium-ion pouch cell. A series of tests is conducted to validate the new technique using a polyimide film heater mounted as a vertical plate in front of an infrared camera. A programmable power supply is used to subject the heater to three types of pre-defined heat profiles. The technique performs very well in reconstructing each known heat profile. The technique is then used to predict the rate of heat generation of a 14.5 Ah lithium iron phosphate cell under different rates of discharge. Compared to the heat rate measured by a calorimeter, the model predicts an average heat rate within 10% for moderate C-rates and lower. For C-rates higher than 2C, a simple correction algorithm is applied due to cell temperature gradients becoming more pronounced.
Dimensions of Working Hard in Personal Selling: Effects of Time Commitment and Work Intensity on Sales Performance and Job Satisfaction

The authors assess relationships between two dimensions of effort, time commitment and work intensity, and sales performance and job satisfaction in two samples of salespeople. Results indicate that time commitment (the amount of time spent in task-related activities) is positively related to sales performance. Time commitment was negatively related to job satisfaction in one sample but unrelated to it in the other. Work intensity (the amount of energy invested in work activities per unit of time) was positively related to job satisfaction but unrelated to sales performance in both samples. Implications of the findings for recruitment and evaluation and control are discussed.
Law and LGBQ-Parent Families

This paper addresses how the law affects LGBQ-parent families. We first outline the legal landscape that LGBQ parents face in the US, underscoring that it varies drastically by state and creates inequity for families. Reviewing existing social science research, we then address how the law affects three processes for LGBQ people: desiring parenthood, becoming a parent, and experiencing parenthood. Our review indicates that the law affects if and how LGBQ people become parents. LGBQ people consider the law as they make decisions about whether to pursue adoption, donor insemination, or surrogacy and often view the latter two pathways as the most legally secure. Further, the law continues to be salient for LGBQ parents throughout parenthood and affects family well-being. Specifically, legal inequity diminishes parent’s well-being, the relationship among couples who are parenting, and parents’ ability to effectively advocate for their children in institutional settings like healthcare contexts. Finally, we address directions for future research for scholars interested in the law, family processes and outcomes, and LGBQ families.
Observation on disinfection efficacy of glutaraldehyde on oral instruments

Objective: Explore the disinfection efficacy of glutaraldehyde on oral instruments Materials and Methods:The effective concentration and disinfection efficacy of 2% glutaraldehyde in the department of stomatology was measured according to "Disinfection Technical Guidelines". Results: The biological measurements of the used glutaraldehyde and disinfection of oral instruments was all qualified The eligibility rates of the effective concentration of glutaraldehyde used for 4,5,7 and 14 days were respectively 100%,95 1%,90 2% and 46 7% Conclusions:Glutaraldehyde is ideal disinfectant of oral instruments.be better managed and replaced under certain rules to its reduce pollution.The time of utilization should be no more than 7 days
Diagnostic value of ultrasonic hepatic subcapsular flow in infants with biliary atresia

Objectives: To describe color Doppler ultrasonographic(US) findings in livers of neonates with biliary atresia(BA) and to compare them with US findings in livers of neonates with non-BA and control subjects. Methods: US and color Doppler US findings were retrospectively reviewed in 50 patients with neonatal cholestasis and 25 control subjects. Results: BA and non-BA were confirmed in 20 and 30 patients, respectively. In the diagnosis of BA, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the triangular cord sign(TC sign) on US images were 60%, 96%, 92% and 79%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of hepatic subcapsular flow on color Doppler US images were 95%, 93%, 91% and 96%, respectively. Mean diameter of the hepatic artery in patients with BA((2.1±0.2) mm) was significantly larger than that in patients with non-BA((1.2±0.2) mm, P0.001) and control subjects((1.2±0.1) mm, P0.001). In patients with biliary atresia, about 90% of children with its γ-GGT800 IU/L. Conclusion: The detection of BA can be supplemented by performing color Doppler US in addition to routine US, when evaluating hepatic subcapsular flow by using color Doppler US, we can potentially prevent delayed diagnosis of BA.
Expression of intestinal fatty acid binding protein in intestinal epithelial cell lines, hBRIE 380 cells

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) is a cytosolic protein present only in differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. Here we report on an intestinal cell culture system expressing I-FABP during cell differentiation and the modulation of expression by extracellular factors. An I-FABP-expressing cell line (hBRIE 380i) was generated from Berkeley rat intestinal epithelial cells (hBRIE 380). Time- and substratum-dependent changes in I-FABP mRNA expression were paralleled by changes in protein levels. Induction of I-FABP levels observed on collagen type I gels in the presence of limiting serum was prevented by insulin. When cells were grown on collagen gels containing fibronectin and laminin, a stimulation of ultrastructural characteristics of cell differentiation was observed with no further induction of I-FABP expression. The data show that I-FABP expression is limited to a differentiated population of hBRIE 380i cells and that the expression can be regulated by factors present in the extracellular matrix as well as involved in regulation of replication or metabolic state of the cell.
Comorbid insomnia: current directions and future challenges.

Insomnia is a leading cause of absenteeism, presenteeism (lost productivity when employees are at work), accidents, and errors in the workplace. Overall direct and indirect costs exceed $30 billion annually. A significant portion of these costs are attributable to patients with comorbid insomnia, making these conditions a significant clinical public health issue. These comorbid conditions include mood and anxiety disorders; chronic pain; respiratory, urinary, and neurologic conditions; diabetes; and cardiovascular diseases. Traditional treatment for insomnia with comorbid conditions has focused on treating the comorbid condition with the expectation that the insomnia will resolve. Recent studies, however, suggest this approach is not the most appropriate. Instead, treating both conditions simultaneously may improve the outcomes for each. (Am J Manag Care. 2009;15:S6-S13)
Thatcher’s Soviet Policy: Diplomacy at the Summit

The events which overtook Thatcher’s defence of British sovereignty in Europe were the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the resulting merger of East and West Germany into a single German state. She played a considerable part in bringing about the first of these and resisted, unsuccessfully, the other two. However, and notwithstanding her early reputation as ‘the Iron Lady’ and the eventual prominence she was to achieve in East-West relations, Thatcher’s government began by pursuing an almost entirely orthodox Soviet policy under the guidance of Lord Carrington. The broad outlines of this had been established after the great powers had failed, in their half-hearted way, to strangle the Bolshevik revolution at birth. The USSR, like the Russian Empire before it, was to be kept out of western Europe unless its strength was needed to deal with forces there which were even more hostile to British interests and values than was Russia. Then, by the concerted action of the other great powers, it was to be shepherded out again and left alone to its affairs, provided that these did not impinge on British interests elsewhere, for example in the eastern Mediterranean or the North West Frontier of the Indian Empire.
The Interaction of Surface Hydration and Vocal Loading on Voice Measures.

Summary Objectives Vocal loading tasks provide insight regarding the mechanisms underlying healthy laryngeal function. Determining the manner in which the larynx can most efficiently be loaded is a complex task. The goal of this study was to determine if vocal loading could be achieved in 30 minutes by altering phonatory mode. Owing to the fact that surface hydration facilitates efficient vocal fold oscillation, the effects of environmental humidity on vocal loading were also examined. This study also investigated whether the detrimental effects of vocal loading could be attenuated by increasing environmental humidity. Methods Sixteen vocally healthy adults (8 men, 8 women) completed a 30-minute vocal loading task in low and moderate humidity. The order of humidities was counterbalanced across subjects. The vocal loading task consisted of reading with elevated pitch and pressed vocal quality and low pitch and pressed and/or raspy vocal quality in the presence of 65 dB ambient, multi-talker babble noise. Results Significant effects were observed for (1) cepstral peak prominence on soft sustained phonation at 10th and 80th pitches, (2) perceived phonatory effort, and (3) perceived tiredness ratings. No loading effects were observed for cepstral peak prominence on the rainbow passage, although fundamental frequency on the rainbow passage increased post loading. No main effect was observed for humidity. Conclusions Following a 30-minute vocal loading task involving altering laryngeal vibratory mode in combination with increased volume. Also, moderate environmental humidity did not significantly attenuate the negative effects of loading.
Genetics of Juvenile Spinal Muscular Atrophy

A 20-year-old female with difficulties in running and climbing stairs since age 10 and suspected of having spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease) was diagnosed with GM2 gangliosidosis at the Department of Human Genetics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, and Sapir Medical Center, Kfar-Sava, Israel.
Montaigne, Hobbes, and Bayle on the Archaeology of Religion

This article proposes a comparison between Michel de Montaigne, Thomas Hobbes, and Pierre Bayle on the basis of their common understanding of the origin of religion, an understanding that can be called an archaeology of religion. The key to the comparison is the reading of Montaigne's chapter ‘Des boyteux’ (III, 11) offered by Bayle in his Pensees diverses sur la comete, a reading that presupposes the argument laid out in Chapter 12 of Hobbes's Leviathan. The article suggests some creative tension between these three texts in respect of a major topic of early modern thought: political theology.
Bipolar disorder moderates associations between linoleic acid and markers of inflammation.

Abstract Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and inflammatory proteins associate with immune activation and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. We have previously reported that individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) have decreased PUFA intake, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA); and decreased PUFA concentration of plasma EPA and linoleic acid (LA). We have also reported an association between plasma LA and its metabolites and burden of disease measures in BPD. In the current cross-sectional study we collected blood samples and diet records from both bipolar (n = 91) and control subjects (n = 75) to quantify plasma cytokine concentrations and dietary LA intake, respectively. Using multiple linear regression techniques, we tested for case control differences in plasma cytokine levels and associations between cytokines and dietary LA intake, adjusting for sex, age, BMI, and total energy intake. We found significantly higher plasma levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18) (p = 0.036), IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) (p = 0.001), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1 (p = 0.006), and sTNFR2 (p = 0.007) in BPD compared with controls. Moreover, BPD significantly moderated the associations of dietary LA intake with plasma levels of IL-18, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2, which were inverse associations in bipolar individuals and positive associations in controls (p for dietary LA x BPD diagnosis interaction