cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sparser, Better, Faster GPU Parsing

Due to their origin in computer graphics, graphics processing units (GPUs) are highly optimized for dense problems, where the exact same operation is applied repeatedly to all data points. Natural language processing algorithms, on the other hand, are traditionally constructed in ways that exploit structural sparsity. Recently, Canny et al. (2013) presented an approach to GPU parsing that sacrifices traditional sparsity in exchange for raw computational power, obtaining a system that can compute Viterbi parses for a high-quality grammar at about 164 sentences per second on a mid-range GPU. In this work, we reintroduce sparsity to GPU parsing by adapting a coarse-to-fine pruning approach to the constraints of a GPU. The resulting system is capable of computing over 404 Viterbi parses per second—more than a 2x speedup—on the same hardware. Moreover, our approach allows us to efficiently implement less GPU-friendly minimum Bayes risk inference, improving throughput for this more accurate algorithm from only 32 sentences per second unpruned to over 190 sentences per second using pruning—nearly a 6x speedup.
Petrology of the Castle Crags pluton, Klamath Mountains, California

The Castle Crags pluton intrudes mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Trinity ophiolite complex in the Klamath Mountains of northern California. Contacts between the three concentrically arranged rock types which compose this 30 km 2 epizonal stock are gradational. The outermost unit is a fine-grained granodiorite which has a chilled intrusive contact against the adjacent country rocks. The bulk of the pluton is a porphyritic sodic granodiorite which is characterized by euhedral potassium feldspar megacrysts. The core is occupied by a fine-grained alkalic trondhjemite. The pluton is intruded by a genetically related series of hypabyssal dikes, a series of porphyritic trondhjemitic dikes, and a suite of remarkably fresh spessartite lamprophyre dikes. Smooth variation in modes, major and trace elements, specific gravity, and porosity occurs from the margin to the core of the pluton. The Castle Crags pluton represents a single intrusion with an original composition approximating that of the chilled granodiorite. After it was chilled, the remaining magma crystallized inward from its margins. The concentric chemical variation resulted from fractional crystallization of the alkali-rich parent magma toward a residuum with mild peralkaline tendencies and was aided by inward transfer of alkalis through a volatile phase. Abundant miarolitic cavities in the inner half of the pluton indicate that second boiling occurred when the magma was approximately two-thirds crystallized. The fine-grained textures of the trondhjemite resulted from pressure quenching that accompanied escape of volatiles from the pluton.
The Presidential Political Center and Foreign Policy: A Critique of the Revisionist and Bureaucratic-Political Orientations

Fundamental to modern politics is the fact that politics of security and diplomacy are central to society. Historically, foreign and security politics have been the main priorities of the political center, conducted primarily on that level. Since 1945, these political centers have gained predominance in die U.S. In the absence of well-integrated political elites, a highly centralized political party or parties, and powerful and permanent bureaucracies and civil service, the presidential political center has become the pivotal political center with almost exclusive control over foreign affairs and national security. The locus and degree of power widiin the American political and constitutional context, rather than elite orientations and practices, are identified to explain who dominates American foreign policy.
Everyday interpersonal conflicts of middle-aged women: an examination of strategies and their contextual correlates.

Everyday problem solving within the interpersonal domain has been identified as propelling cognitive development in adulthood, and may be particularly relevant to women's development. Yet few studies of everyday problem solving in adulthood focus on interpersonal problems, on women, or on the middle adult years. We examined strategies middle-aged women used for real-life interpersonal problems, and contextual variables associated with strategy use. In contrast to research with younger and older women, in which lower-level strategies were favored, strategy use here was fairly evenly split between higher and lower levels. Also in contrast to other research with younger and older women, participants here favored lower-level strategies that were directive, rather than submissive. Thematic analyses showed a high degree of felt emotional distress to be associated with lower-level strategy use, and attempts at controlling emotions and overcoming fundamental attribution errors in judgment to be related to higher-...
Composition studies on tobacco—XXVIII

Abstract A high molecular weight pigment from cigarette smoke was fractionated by precipitation, solvent extraction and dialysis. The major fraction was a nondialyzable, weakly acidic substance of molecular weight ⪖ 100,000. This fraction contained the following: iron; a silicone; hydrolyzable amino acids and quinic acid in small amounts; and several alkaloids including nicotine, nornicotine, metanicotine and cotinine. In addition to these alkaloids evidence was obtained for the presence of several other bases including pyridine derivatives which are known to be pyrolytic products of nicotine or are previously identified cigarette smoke constituents. This is the first report of nicotine and related alkaloids occurring in tobacco leaf or smoke as moieties in high molecular weight substances.
Rapid Text-Based Authoring of Defeasible Higher-Order Logic Formulas, via Textual Logic and Rulelog - (Summary of Invited Talk).

We present textual logic (TL), a novel approach that enables rapid semi-automatic acquisition of rich logical knowledge from text. The resulting axioms are expressed as defeasible higher-order logic formulas in Rulelog, a novel extended form of declarative logic programs. A key element of TL is textual terminology, a phrasal style of knowledge in which words/word-senses are used directly as logical constants. Another key element of TL is a method for rapid interactive disambiguation as part of logic-based text interpretation. Existential quantifiers are frequently required, and we describe Rulelog’s approach to making existential knowledge be defeasible. We describe results from a pilot experiment that represented the knowledge from several thousand English sentences in the domain of college-level cell biology, for purposes of question-answering.
Mitomycin-Induced Interstitial Pneumonitis in a Patient with BRCA2 Associated Metastatic Pancreatic Carcinoma

No abstract available. Image: Space-filling model of the mitomycin molecule (Author: Jynto (talk); Wikimedia Commons )
The Empirical Limits of Consensus: Can Theory and Practice be Reconciled?

The discussion in this volume has focused on the philosophical or theoretical issues concerning moral consensus. That “consensus” has become an important feature of bioethical analysis with hospital ethics committees and national commissions has also been noted along with the recognition of certain benefits to be achieved through this process. According to Engelhardt [12], consensus has the benefit of reducing conflicts among political groups and thereby increasing cooperation for intended goals. Consensus also provides a mechanism whereby diverse community groups and consumers of health care services (such as those who desire embryo transfer and in vitro fertilization procedures) can have their viewpoints considered. In time, a chronicle of moral positions could be created to provide the framework for a “rational” base for future decisions in these matters. However, the problems of consensus as a method for arriving at moral “rightness” are also well described by Bayertz and Engelhardt, as well as Moreno, who have thought deeply about these issues ([3]; [12]; [27]; [28]; see also [40]; [18]). The main presentations have articulated the important conceptual concerns in assessing the relevance of consensus as an approach to ethical decisions in biomedicine.
The Role of Radionuclide Scans in Sarcoma

Radionuclide imaging differs fundamentally from standard radiologic imaging modalities, because the nuclear techniques depict biochemical events in tissue at exceedingly low molar concentrations without altering in vivo physiology. To the degree that the radioisotopically labeled pharmaceuticals have specific abilities to mark unique biochemical functions, it is possible to image biochemistry in vivo. Depiction of such biochemical changes during or after therapy is of special interest for cancer patients, because antineoplastic therapy distorts normal anatomic borders and landmarks used to determine tumor extension and spread.
Is Le Mot Juste? The Contexualization of Words by Expert Lie Detectors

Some of the chapters in this book discuss the ways in which language samples can be analyzed to determine credibility (e.g., Colwell, Hiscock-Anisman, & Fede, this volume; Griesel, Ternes, Schraml, Cooper, & Yuille, this volume). This chapter illustrates how expert lie detectors use information from a single word in discerning the truthfulness of others. These illustrations were obtained from in-depth interviews with highly accurate lie detectors (O’Sullivan & Ekman, 2004) who received scores of 80 % or more on at least two of three different lie detection tests. The three tests were not easy, since average scores on the measures are close to 50 %. Although the base rate occurrence of such expert lie detectors varies from group to group, the expert lie detectors in this analysis are at least two standard deviations above the mean in their lie detection abilities. For example, using the criterion described, no expert lie detector has been found among college students, although thousands have been examined. Although there are now a sufficient number of experts (n = 50) to aggregate their responses and compare them with their matched controls, another value of the project is the opportunity to compare the description of the lie detection enterprise that results from the efforts of a single expert with the contributions to knowledge made by scores of scientists using a wide variety of methodologies. A brief review of these methodologies is offered in order to situate the kind of information obtained from individual interviews in the broader research endeavor. This review is, of necessity, cursory. Many subtle distinctions are disregarded in the effort to describe briefly each approach.
Abstract 892: Functional characterization of EIF1AX mutations in thyroid cancer predicts for gain of function by increasing translational rate with concomitant derepression of upstream inputs from mTOR

EIF1AX (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1A) is a component of the translation pre-initiation complex (PIC). Recurrent EIF1AX mutations, first reported in uveal melanomas, are found in ∼1% of papillary thyroid cancers in a mutually exclusive manner with other oncogenic driver events (BRAF, RAS, and oncogenic fusions). By contrast, they are enriched in advanced thyroid cancers (9% of anaplastic and 11% poorly-differentiated thyroid cancers), and are strongly associated with RAS mutations (p Citation Format: Gnana P. Krishnamoorthy, Inigo Landa, Jeffrey A. Knauf, James Nagarajah, Gunnar Ratsch, Hans-Guido Wendel, James A. Fagin. Functional characterization of EIF1AX mutations in thyroid cancer predicts for gain of function by increasing translational rate with concomitant derepression of upstream inputs from mTOR. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 892.
Building a Wall against Private Actions for Overseas Injuries: The Impact of RJR Nabisco v. European Community

The Supreme Court’s June decision in RJR Nabisco dropped a hidden bombshell. While nominally only a decision about the extraterritorial reach of RICO, the reasoning behind the Court’s denying recovery under RICO’s private cause of action provision for injuries incurred outside the United States might be equally applicable to virtually any federal statute. Doctrinally questionable, the Court’s decision nevertheless appears to implement an initially sensible policy distinction. The specific line the Court drew, however, misses the mark in implementing this policy and carries implications that the Court may not have fully recognized.
Management of cervical metastasis in oropharynx cancer

T purpose of this lecture is to provide an up-to-date review of the clinical management of patients with cervical metastasis arising from squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. The key points for patients undergoing primary surgical management of metastatic neck lymph nodes will be discussed, including description of appropriate indications and type of neck dissection (i.e. selective vs. modified radical) that should be employed. Management of the neck for patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery (TORS) will be highlighted. We will also review indications for adjuvant therapy to the neck lymph nodes following surgery. The second part of the lecture will focus on the surgeon’s role in the management of patients undergoing primary chemoradiation treatment of an oropharynx cancer metastatic to the neck lymph nodes. We will review the indications, timing, and type of neck dissection following primary radiation or chemoradiation treatment. We will also discuss appropriate preand post-treatment imaging, including the use of PET/CT, ultrasound, and MRI. Interesting clinical examples will be presented to highlight key points of management. An algorithm for management of patients with oropharynx cancers metastatic to the neck lymph nodes will be provided.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Binds to CD74 on Gastric Epithelial Cells and Induces Pro-carcinogenic Events during Helicobacter pylori Infection

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 1673 ADAM12 belongs to the family of ADAMs (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteases), which are multidomain proteins involved in a variety of biological processes (for review see Wewer et al., 2005 ). Human ADAM12 exists in two splice variants; a long form, ADAM12-L encompassing pro-, metalloprotease, disintegrin, cysteine-rich, EGF-like, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains, as well as a secreted form, ADAM12-S, lacking the transmembrane and cytoplasmic part. ADAM12 is an active metalloprotease and holds cell adhesion activities through complex interactions with the cell surface receptors, integrins and syndecans. Importantly, ADAM12 is upregulated in several human tumors and the level of ADAM12 in urine from breast cancer patients correlates with disease stage. Also, we recently reported that ADAM12 increases tumor aggressiveness in a mouse model of breast cancer, i.e. time to tumor burden was reduced, whereas tumor burden, metastasis, and histological grade were all increased ( Kveiborg et al., 2005 ). Moreover, tumors from mice overexpressing ADAM12 exhibit decreased tumor cell apoptosis, whereas stromal cell apoptosis was increased. Supporting these findings, in vitro studies showed that ADAM12 protects malignant cells from apoptosis while conferring increased apoptotic sensitivity in non-malignant cells. In many cancers abnormal events lead to elevated activity of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src (henceforth Src), thereby inducing transformation and metastasis. Interestingly, mouse ADAM12 has previously been shown to bind Src, become phosphorylated by the oncogenic form of Src, and co-localize with Src to actin structures in vitro. We here report the detailed mapping of the molecular interaction between the cytoplasmic tail of human ADAM12-L and Src. Extensive deletion and mutation analysis localized the interaction site to the SH3-binding site proximal to the transmembrane domain of ADAM12 and the SH3-domain of Src. Also, mutant forms of the Src SH3-domain that are not able to bind to proline-rich regions were used to validate the direct interaction. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that ADAM12 interacts with Src in tumor cells and thus might play mutual roles in cancer. Wewer, U.M., Engvall, E. and Albrechtsen, R. (2005) ADAM12: the long and the short of it. In: The ADAM Family of Proteases (Hooper, N.M. and Lendeckel, U., Eds.), Proteases in Biology and Disease, Vol. 4, Springer, The Netherlands. Kveiborg, M., Frohlich, C., Albrechtsen, R., et al. A role for ADAM12 in breast tumor progression and stromal cell apoptosis. Cancer Res. 65:4754-61, 2005.
Robust Tracing and Visualization of Heterogeneous Microvascular Networks

Advances in high-throughput imaging allow researchers to collect three-dimensional images of whole organ microvascular networks. These extremely large images contain networks that are highly complex, time consuming to segment, and difficult to visualize. In this paper, we present a framework for segmenting and visualizing vascular networks from terabyte-sized three-dimensional images collected using high-throughput microscopy. While these images require terabytes of storage, the volume devoted to the fiber network is $\approx 4$ percent of the total volume size. While the networks themselves are sparse, they are tremendously complex, interconnected, and vary widely in diameter. We describe a parallel GPU-based predictor-corrector method for tracing filaments that is robust to noise and sampling errors common in these data sets. We also propose a number of visualization techniques designed to convey the complex statistical descriptions of fibers across large tissue sections—including commonly studied microvascular characteristics, such as orientation and volume.
Navigating Complex Systems for Policymaking Using Simple Software Tools

Comprehensive maps of selected issues such as obesity have been developed to list the key factors and their interactions, thus defining a network where factors (e.g., weight bias, disordered eating) are represented as nodes while causal connections are captured as edges. While such maps contain a wealth of information, they can be seen as a maze which practitioners and policymakers struggle to explore. For instance, the Foresight Obesity Map has been depicted as an ‘almost incomprehensible web of interconnectedness’. Rather than presenting maps as static images, we posit that their value can be unlocked through interactive visualizations. Specifically, we present five required functionalities for interactive visualizations, based on experimental studies and key concepts of systems thinking in public policy. These functionalities include shifting from simple ‘policy inputs’ to loops, capturing what unfolds between an intervention and its evaluation, and accounting for the rippling effects of interventions. We reviewed ten software that support different policy purposes (visualization, argumentation, or modeling) and found that none supports four or all five of the functionalities listed. We thus created a new open-source software, ActionableSystems. The chapter details its design principles and how it implements the five functionalities. The use of the software to address policy-relevant questions is briefly illustrated, taking obesity and public health nutrition as guiding example. We conclude with open questions for software development and public health informatics, emphasizing the need to design software that supports a more inclusive approach to policy-making and a more comprehensive exploration of complex systems.
Spanish Composition Errors from a Combined Classroom of Heritage (L1) and Non-heritage (L2) Learners: A Comparative Case Study

In a world of declining institutional budgets, decreasing student enrollments in departments that until now may have had the luxury of separate composition classrooms for heritage and non-heritage students, not to mention individual student schedule limitations, the steady increase in enrollment of L1 or heritage students in composition classrooms which were before primarily geared toward L2 learners has created a new reality and the urgency to rethink the organization, sequence, and emphasis placed on topics and structures in the classroom. The purpose of this case study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of L1 and L2 student composition error data collected from a sample of fifteen students enrolled in a Spanish Composition (SPAN 302) class at the University of Northern Colorado (UNC). Specific objectives for this project were to determine from the data collected: 1) the frequencies with which L1 and L2 student participants committed word- and sentence-level errors in their compositions; 2) how error frequencies compare between L1 and L2 students over a semester’s time, and in particular, with the writing of a series of five different compositions, each targeting a more advanced level of writing proficiency; and 3) how knowledge of both similarities and differences between these two groups might be applied to enhance the author’s current pedagogical model that could work for future students from both groups in a single classroom.
Professor Edward Teller’s Address to the Meeting Participants

This address, recorded by M.D. Kaplan and G.O. Zimmerman on December 11, 1999, is a transcript of a video tape which was presented as the first contribution to the meeting. It contains greetings, a brief history of the Jahn-Teller effect discovery, and ideas of temperature induced high-Tc superconductivity and related properties.
Reversing Two Centuries of Wetland Degradation: Can Science Better Inform Policy and Practice?

Perhaps more than any other ecotone, the land–water interface has been “reclaimed” solely for human uses—living space, ports and harbors, and agriculture—essentially extirpating other goods and services that these ecosystems provide. Although the importance of ecosystem services associated with wetland transition zones has been increasingly recognized in the past 60 years, the approach to “restoration” and “rehabilitation” has largely lacked scientific rigor. The status of coastal wetland restoration science is discussed herein with specific attention to design criteria that attempt to restore wetland functions and ecological fidelity. Methods for better integration of restoration science and practice to inform policy, and the quantification of restored functions are described within the context of three case histories.
An Investigation of Thermal Contact Resistance in Thermal Conductivity Measurements of a Thin Nylon Sample

An unguarded plate apparatus was constructed to investigate the effects of contact resistance on measurement accuracy of thermal conductivity of rock samples using a minimum of sample preparation. Measurements were made on a well-characterized Comco nylon sample [1], Interfacial resistance between copper thermometer plates and the nylon sample was clearly evident; using heat fluxes of 10 to 260 Wm-2, apparent thermal conductivity values were respectively 12.0% and 10.3% lower than the values obtained in a linear flow adiabatic apparatus [2]. The inferred contact resistance was apparently slightly dependent upon the heat flux, decreasing from 0.0034 m2KW-l at 10 Win-2 to 0.0023 m2KW-l at 260 Wm-2. All measurements were made with an applied interfacial pressure of 6400 Pa. Conduction enhancement materials (grease, paste and a thin plastic film) were used. The Omegatherm paste [3] and silicone vacuum grease [4] reduced the apparent contact resistance only when large heat fluxes were used. The thin plastic film (polyethylene) did not reduce the apparent contact resistance. Thus, with conductivity measurements of low thermal conductors in the range near 2 (typical of rocks) in this type of apparatus, contact resistance must be taken into account.
Optical Probing of Spherical Resonance Applied to Surface Defect Inspection

Ceramic materials keep high strength under high temperature and nonlubricative environments. Ceramic bearing balls are more commonly used now to replace steel bearing balls to sustain high loads under such hostile environments. However, because ceramics are brittle, surface defects of ceramic bearing balls can cause total mechanical failure of the whole mechanism. In this paper, we shall discuss a quick, efficient, and accurate method for performing nondestructive testing of spherical objects. Currently, there are several techniques being used to inspect spherical objects. Here, we introduce a new noncontacting technique, the optical probing technique of spherical resonance. This technique has great potential in the surface defect inspection of spherical objects
The Gender Gap in STEM Fields: Theories, Movements, and Ideas to Engage Girls in STEM

El Consejo de Asesores del Presidente de EE.UU en temas de Ciencia y Tecnologia de 2010 indico que existia la necesidad de poner a disposicion de los individuos entornos STEM (siglas inglesas que corresponden a Ciencia, Tecnologia, Ingenieria y Matematicas) fuertes para poder ser un pais competitivo a nivel internacional. Ademas, se ha descubierto que hay una brecha de genero en los campos relacionados con el ambito STEM. Por tanto, este articulo describe tanto las teorias referidas a la brecha de genero en el campo STEM como las formas de involucrar a las chicas en campos relacionados con el ambito STEM a fin de acabar con la brecha de genero. Los investigadores responsables de este estudio han llevado a cabo un trabajo (de campo) exhaustivo para revisar la literatura existente, para condensar y resumir los hallazgos realizados en diversos estudios y para dar pasos de cara a que los educadores se impliquen en lo que creara una atmosfera temprana de entornos de aprendizaje positivos donde las chicas tengan curiosidad por los conceptos STEM.
The Psychology of Health and Illness: The Mental Health and Physiological Effects of Intimate Partner Violence on Women

Violence against women is a global public health problem with about one in three women experiencing either physical and or sexual intimate partner violence during their lifetime. Globally as many as 38% of homicides committed against women are by a male intimate partner. Violence against women may have negative effects on their mental, physical, and reproductive health (WHO fact sheet, 2016). Untreated individuals who have experienced violence or life-threatening situations may develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This disorder has the potential to be life-changing and cause negative psychological and medical issues (Rokach, Ahmed, & Patel, 2017). This potentially life-changing nature and consequence of violence affecting women world-wide deserves greater attention to ensure elimination of risk factors, financial support of investigational studies to promote detection of victims, and research to increase therapeutic efficacy of remediation. These efforts should be bolstered by all physicians, mental health experts, social service specialists, and public health advocates.
A Quantitative Approach to SIV Functional Latency in Brain Macrophages

Lentiviruses are retroviruses that primarily infect myeloid cells, leading to acute inflammatory infections in many tissues particularly, lung, joints and the central nervous system (CNS). Acute infection by lentiviruses is followed by persistent/latent infections that are not cleared by the host immune system. HIV and SIV are lentiviruses that also infect CD4+ lymphocytes as well as myeloid cells in blood and multiple tissues. HIV infection of myeloid cells in brain, lung and heart cause tissue specific diseases as well as infect cells in gut, lymph nodes and spleen. AIDS dementia and other tissue specific disease are observed when infected individuals are immunosuppressed and the number of circulating CD4+ T cells declines to low levels. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls viral spread and dramatically changes the course of immunodeficiency and AIDS dementia. However, ART does not eliminate virus-infected cells. Brain macrophages contain HIV DNA and may represent a latent reservoir that persists. HIV latency in CD4+ lymphocytes is the main focus of current research and concern in efforts to eradicate HIV. However, a number of studies have demonstrated that myeloid cells in blood and tissues of ART suppressed individuals harbor HIV DNA. The resident macrophages in tissues such as brain (microglia), spleen (red pulp macrophages) and alveolar macrophages in lung are derived from the yolk sac and can self renew. The question of the latent myeloid reservoir in HIV has not been rigorously examined and its potential as a barrier to eradication been considered. Using a well characterized SIV ART suppressed, non-human primate (NHP) model, our laboratory developed the first quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) designed to evaluate latently infected CD4+ lymphocytes and more recently developed a similar protocol for the assessment of latently infected myeloid cells in blood and brain. Using an SIV ART model, it was demonstrated that myeloid cells in blood and brain harbor latent SIV that can be reactivated and produce infectious virus in vitro. These studies demonstrate for the first time that myeloid cells have the potential to be a latent reservoir of HIV that produces infectious virus that can be reactivated in the absence of ART and during HIV eradication strategies. Graphical Abstract.
Developing a Brief Behavior Rating Scale for Progress Monitoring of Depression in School Settings

Frequent formative assessment of students’ functioning, or progress monitoring, is a critical component of multi-tiered systems of support as data inform data-driven decisions about response to tre...
Pilot trial of KD018 with neo-adjuvant concurrent chemo-radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

e15162Background: Neo-adjuvant chemo-radiation (CRT) is commonly used for rectal cancer, though is associated with gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. KD018 is a state-of-the-art adaptation of Huang-Qi...
Systemic mastocytosis manifested as chronic urinary symptoms for decades: A case report.

e18028 Background: Systemic mastocytosis is characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in various organs including skin, bone marrow, and viscera. Gastrointestinal symptoms and...
Exploring Correlates of Probable Traumatic Brain Injury among Intimate Partner Violence Survivors

Although intimate partner violence (IPV) related (TBI) is increasingly recognized as an important area of concern, there is no existing research that seeks to identify correlates of IPV related TBI. Given the profound consequences of TBI, it is important to identify individual and social-ecological conditions that are associated with probable TBI among persons with a history of physical violence in their intimate partnerships. In this paper, we are concerned specifically with physical abuse that occurs in violent intimate relationships. The sample included 130 participants who were formerly abused by an intimate partner. This study was part of a larger research project that utilized a web-based survey to learn about the socio-ecological conditions surrounding IPV-related TBI. The HELPS screening tool was employed to calculate risk for TBI. Approximately half of the survey respondents (n= 64) were determined to have likely experienced IPV-related TBI. This finding is consistent with existing literature showing that TBIs are highly prevalent among individuals who have experienced IPV. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the correlates of IPV-related TBI. The results show that punishment for the abuser, time since the relationship ended, and seeking help for the health consequences of IPV were significantly associated with probable TBI. Results, limitations, future directions and implications are discussed.
Comprehensive Clinical Trial Data Summation for BRAF-MEK Inhibition and Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma.

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors, along with BRAF and MEK inhibitors, have dramatically changed the management of and outlook for patients with metastatic melanoma. Analyses of long-term follow-up data and subanalyses based on disease characteristics may inform clinical decision making. Methods Reports of clinical trials in metastatic melanoma published between January 1, 2012, and August 30, 2018, were identified using PubMed (terms: melanoma AND [dabrafenib OR trametinib OR vemurafenib OR cobimetinib OR encorafenib OR ipilimumab OR nivolumab OR pembrolizumab]) and were systematically reviewed. Relevant congress proceedings were also assessed. Efficacy data from key phase III trials were analyzed and trends identified. Results Substantial improvements in objective response rates, progression-free survival, and overall survival were documented across 14 identified publications. Subgroup findings supported that patients with lower disease burden derive greater benefit than patients with more advanced disease, limiting the value of disease burden in the clinical decision-making process. However, these agents consistently conferred benefits despite the presence of poor prognostic features. Several clinically relevant questions remain, including how best to sequence immune checkpoint inhibitors and combination targeted therapy. Conclusion This research, coupled with ongoing investigations, including those on predictive biomarkers, suggests that the treatment decision-making process is likely to become more nuanced. Implications for practice The management of melanoma has been rapidly advancing with new classes of agents, including immune checkpoint and BRAF inhibitors. With long-term follow-up, their impact on response rates and survival outcomes is well documented. Additional findings from subgroup analyses suggest that patients with lower disease burden derive greater benefit, yet both consistently confer benefit in patients with higher disease burden. Currently, there is a paucity of data to guide first-line treatment selection between immunotherapy and BRAF-targeted therapy in clinical practice or to estimate their impact when sequenced. Gaining these insights will facilitate a more nuanced management approach.
“I Hate Christian Laettner” and the Persistence of Hegemonic Masculinity and Heteronormativity in Sporting Cultures

Discourse analysis of the ESPN 30 for 30 documentary “I Hate Christian Laettner” (2015) reveals that despite increasing acceptance of a wider range of gender expression in North America over recent decades, hegemonic masculinity (Connell, Masculinities. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1995) remains the dominant form of legitimate masculine identity in the realm of sport and popular culture. The film’s portrayal of 1990s Duke University basketball star Christian Laettner seems to chart a shift toward a more inclusive understanding of masculinity in its critique of Laettner’s behavior and its depiction of his apparent challenge to heteronormativity. Yet, a close reading of the film reveals that it in fact reproduces hegemonic masculinity through an endorsement of coercive entitlement (Burstyn, The rites of men: Manhood, politics, and the culture of sport. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999) and heteronormativity. The film appears to complicate hegemonic masculinity by problematizing Laettner’s aggressive tendencies and the heteronormative context of 1990s Duke University. Yet, ultimately “I Hate Christian Laettner” reproduces the legitimacy of coercive entitlement through its depiction of Laettner’s socialization into masculine norms in his family home, his reproduction of those norms at Duke, and the ultimate validation of that process through national championships and the endorsement of legendary coach Mike Krzyzewski. Likewise, heteronormativity is reproduced through present-day interviews in which Laettner and former teammate Brian Davis disavow their youthful behavior and through a historical narrative in which Laettner uses rumors around his sexual identity as fuel for masculine aggression and domination. Ultimately, the film appropriates the complexly gendered figure of Laettner as a masculine hero for a new generation.
Historical Perspective of “How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going” in the Rehabilitation of Patients With Vestibular Hypofunction

Purpose Vestibular rehabilitation for patients with vestibular hypofunction is a relatively new clinical specialty, with effective therapies developing over the last 40 years for the most common pe...
Ambulatory blood pressure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with markers of immune activation:

Objectives: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures 24-hour blood pressure, night-time blood pressure, and impaired dipping of nocturnal blood pressure, parameters that better predict cardiov...
Photogrammetry-based stereoscopic optode registration method for functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging brain imaging technique due to its small size, low cost, minimum scanning sonic noise, and portability. Unfortunately, because this technique does not provide neuroanatomical information to accompany the functional data, its data interpretation remains a persistent challenge in fNIRS brain imaging applications. The two most popular approaches for fNIRS anatomical registration are magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3-D) digitization. MRI scanning yields high-precision registration but reduces the cost-effectiveness and accessibility of fNIRS imaging. Alternatively, the low cost and portable 3-D digitizers are affected by magnetic properties of ambient metal objects, including participant clothing, testing equipment, medical implants, and so forth. Aim: To overcome these obstacles and provide accessible and reliable neuroanatomical registration for fNIRS imaging, we developed and explored a photogrammetry optode registration (POR) method. Approach: The POR method uses a consumer-grade camera to reconstruct a 3-D image of the fNIRS optode-set, including light emitters and detectors, on a participant’s head. This reconstruction process uses a linear-time incremental structure from motion (LTI-SfM) algorithm, based on 100 to 150 digital photos. The POR method then aligns the reconstructed image with an anatomical template of the brain. Results: To validate this method, we tested 22 adult and 19 child participants using the POR method and MRI imaging. The results comparisons suggest on average 55% and 46% overlap across all data channel measurements registered by the two methods in adult and children, respectively. Importantly, this overlap reached 65% and 60% in only the frontal channels. Conclusions: These results suggested that the mismatch in registration was partially due to higher variation in backward optode placement rather than the registration efficacy. Therefore, the photo-based registration method can offer an accessible and reliable approach to neuroanatomical registration of fNIRS as well as other surface-based neuroimaging and neuromodulation methods.
Directed paths: from Ramsey to Ruzsa and Szemerédi

Starting from an innocent Ramsey-theoretic question regarding directed paths in tournaments, we discover a series of rich and surprising connections that lead into the theory around a fundamental problem in Combinatorics: the Ruzsa-Szemer\'edi induced matching problem. Using these relationships, we prove that every coloring of the edges of the transitive $n$-vertex tournament using three colors contains a directed path of length at least $\sqrt{n} \cdot e^{\log^* n}$ which entirely avoids some color. We also expose connections to a family of constructions for Ramsey tournaments, and introduce and resolve some natural generalizations of the Ruzsa-Szemer\'edi problem which we encounter through our investigation.
Terror and Tremors: Earthquakes and Terrorism in Maïssa Bey’s Surtout ne te retourne pas1

After the 2015 terror attacks in France, historian Pascal Ory explained that although “terrorism” and “earthquakes” share a common etymology and seem to shock societies in similar ways, they are es...
Ninety-day mortality after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Abstract Background Total gastrectomy for gastric cancer is associated with significant 30-day mortality, but this endpoint may underestimate the short-term mortality of the procedure. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed using the National Cancer Database (2004−2015). Patients who underwent total gastrectomy for stage I to III gastric adenocarcinoma were identified and divided into cohorts based on 90-day mortality. Predictors of mortality were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression, and annual trends in mortality rates were calculated by Joinpoint Regression. Results Of the 5,484 patients who underwent total gastrectomy, 90-day and 30-day mortality rates were 9.1% and 4.7%, respectively. Factors associated with 90-day mortality included increasing age (odds ratio 1.0, P Conclusion Nearly half of the deaths within 90 days after total gastrectomy for cancer occur beyond 30 days postoperative. Ninety-day mortality has improved over time, but rates remain high, suggesting the need for improved out-of-hospital postoperative care beyond 30 days.
Tree-based Matching on Structural Equation Model Parameters

Understanding causal effects of a treatment is often of interest in the social sciences. When treatments cannot be randomly assigned, researchers must ensure that treated and untreated participants are balanced on covariates before estimating treatment effects. Conventional practices are useful in matching such that treated and untreated participants have similar average values on their covariates. However, situations arise in which a researcher may instead want to match on model parameters. We propose an algorithm, Causal Mplus Trees, which uses decision trees to match on structural equation model parameters and estimates conditional average treatment effects in each node. We provide a proof of concept using two small simulation studies and demonstrate its application using COVID-19 data.
Layer dissolution in accumulative roll bonded bulk Zr/Nb multilayers under heavy-ion irradiation

Abstract The heavy-ion irradiation behavior of bulk zirconium-niobium multilayered composites was investigated up to large doses. Multilayers with an average individual layer thicknesses ranging between 15 and 80 nm were synthesized by accumulative roll bonding technique. The irradiation was performed with a defocused 7 MeV Zr2+ ion beam at 500 °C. The maximum dose achieved was ∼145 dpa at the depth of ∼1.5 μm from the irradiated surface. Sub-surface microstructural damage and the chemical redistribution were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy, respectively. Irrespective of the layer thicknesses, the irradiation condition caused layer instability and the extent of damage varied with the dose levels. Doses lesser than ∼60 dpa caused layer fragmentation and greater than ∼60 dpa resulted in layer dissolution. The chemical mixing of layers occur to a depth of ∼1 μm, consuming multiple bi-layer periods. Despite the elevated irradiation temperature (500 °C) and a slightly positive heat of mixing (+6 kJ/mol), no phase separation was observed and single-phase was retained in the mixed region. The results demonstrate that chemical mixing was facilitated by the liquid phase miscibility of Zr and Nb, which propelled the interdiffusion within the thermal spikes towards mixing.
Introduction to Functional Analysis

This chapter focuses on functional analysis. Functional analysis consists of the study of vector spaces endowed with an additional structure. This chapter explains the concept of a topological vector space, which is a vector space endowed with a topology compatible with the algebraic operations, that is, the topology makes vector addition and scalar multiplication continuous. The term vector space will be a vector space over a complex field. A vector space endowed with an inner product is called an inner product space or pre-Hilbert space. In a Banach space, there is a notion of length of a vector, and in a Hilbert space, length is determined by a dot product of vectors. Hilbert spaces are a natural generalization of finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces.
The Shapes of Random Walks with Fixed End-to-End Distance

Fixed length random walks embedded in d spatial dimensions are discussed. As a representation of polymers, they correspond to long chain molecules whose heads and tails are fixed in space. An exact analytical expression for the asphericity is presented that is valid in arbitrary spatial dimensionality. We also present expressions for the average principal radii of gyration to order 0(1/d). These expressions recover the results for both unrestricted open and closed random walks.
Phenomenon of duality: a key to facilitate the transition from knowledge mangement to wisdom for inquiring organizations

In today's knowledge-based economy, sustainable strategic advantages are gained more from an organization's knowledge assets than from its more traditional types of assets, namely, land, labor, and capital. Knowledge, however, is a compound construct, exhibiting many manifestations of the phenomenon of duality such as subjectivity and objectivity as well as having tacit and explicit forms. Overlooking this phenomenon of duality in the knowledge construct has not only led many knowledge management initiatives to stumble but has also resulted in the discussion of the apparent Copyright © 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited. Phenomenon of Duality 273 contradictions associated with knowledge management in the IS literature as well as numerous discussions and debates regarding the "nonsense of knowledge management." It is the thesis of this chapter that a full appreciation of the phenomenon of duality is indeed necessary to enable inquiring organizations to reach the state of wisdom and enlightenment.
Simultaneous influences of thermodynamics and aerosols on deep convection and lightning in the tropics

Convective features (CFs) observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite between 2004 and 2011 are analyzed to determine the relative roles of thermodynamics and aerosols as they modulate radar reflectivity and lightning. We studied the simultaneous impacts of normalized convective available potential energy (NCAPE) and warm cloud depth (WCD) as well as cloud condensation nuclei concentrations (D ≥ 40 nm; N40) on total lightning density (TLD), average height of 30 dBZ echoes (AVGHT30), and vertical profiles of radar reflectivity (VPRR) within individual CFs. The results show that TLD increases by up to 600% and AVGHT30 increases by up to 2–3 km with increasing NCAPE and N40 for fixed WCD. The partial sensitivities of TLD/AVGHT30 to NCAPE and N40 separately were comparable in magnitude but account for a fraction of the total range of variability (i.e., when the influences of NCAPE and N40 are considered simultaneously). Both TLD and AVGHT30 vary inversely with WCD such that maxima of TLD and AVGHT30 are found for the combination of high NCAPE, high N40, and shallower WCD. The relationship between lightning and radar reflectivity was shown to vary as a function of N40 for a fixed thermodynamic environment. Analysis of VPRRs shows that reflectivity in the mixed phase region is up to 5.0–5.6 dB greater for CFs in polluted environments compared to CFs in pristine environments (holding thermodynamics fixed). This analysis favors a merged hypothesis for the simultaneous roles of thermodynamics and aerosols as they influence deep convective clouds in the Tropics.