cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ab-initio SCF calculations by a generalized coupling operator method

Abstract A generalized coupling operator proposed by Hirao and Nakatsuji has been modified to a form convenient for ab-initio SCF calculations on polyatomic molecules taking into account the fact that the hermitean conditions for Lagrange multipliers among closed-shell orbitals is automatically fulfilled. The modified operator has been applied in computing the energy of the ground state and the lower singlet and triplet excited states of the water molecule and compared with SCF results previously reported.
Expression of Prostate Specific Molecules in Bacille Calmette‐Guerin: An Immunotherapeutic Approach to Prostate Cancer

Objective: The objective is to develop an immunotherapeutic vaccine for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. Results: Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) were engineered to express prostate specific antigen (PSA) or prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Western blotting techniques indicate that recombinant BCG (rBCG) express approximately 25 ng PSA or 112 pg PSMA per 1 μg microgram of protein in rBCG bacterial lysates. Discussion: BCG, the vaccine for tuberculosis, is a potent immunologic adjuvant stimulating both the humoral and cell-mediated immune systems. Prostate cancer patients can generate cytotoxic lymphocytes against specific peptides from normal, self-molecules such as PSA and PSMA. Therefore, a rBCG vaccine that expresses prostate specific proteins may stimulate an immune response to recognize and destroy prostate cancer cells. Conclusion: BCG can be engineered to express prostate specific molecules and may be useful as an immunotherapeutic vaccine against prostate cancer.
Methodology for targeting physicians for interventions to improve breast cancer screening.

Abstract Introduction: Uneven increases in mammography utilization rates call for methods to efficiently target educational interventions to women who do not regularly use mammography and physicians who do not adhere to national guidelines for breast cancer screening. This paper discusses a method for identifying physicians who are nonadherers to breast cancer screening guidelines or in need of continuing medical education (CME) in this area. Methods: A 1995 community-based telephone survey of randomly selected women aged 50–80, residing in four Long Island, NY, townships was used to identify women who underuse mammography and their regular physicians. Community-based surveys of physicians permitted identification of nonadherent providers. Nonadherence to breast cancer screening recommendations was the primary criterion, but because of anticipated physician reluctance to self report nonadherence with screening guidelines, additional criteria were developed to identify physicians with educational needs relating to breast cancer screening. These criteria included lack of office reminder systems and knowledge relating to breast cancer screening, and lack of confidence in patient counseling and clinical breast examination skills. Results: Overall response rates were 77% for women’s survey, and 66% for the physician survey. 3427 women were classified as underusers (38.5%) and 87% of underusers provided the name and address of their regular physicians. By physician self report, 45% of physicians were classified as nonadherers and 42% were identified as having related educational needs. Conclusion: A feasible method for identifying physicians who are nonadherers to breast cancer screening recommendations or in need of CME about this is described, permitting efficient targeting of educational interventions to those with patients who underuse mammography. The method is not dependent on access to a specific provider or patient population.
Plasma-based ion implantation and electron-bombardment for large-scale surface modification of materials

Abstract In this paper, we present the use of plasma-based ion implantation (PBII) and plasma-based electron bombardment (PBEB) for large-scale surface modification of materials, which has been under development at Hughes Research Laboratories. In PBII, a part to be implanted is immersed in a gaseous- or metal-ion plasma and pulse biased to a high, negative potential (20–250 kV) to implant positively-charged ions omnidirectionally and simultaneously over the part surface. In PBEB, the polarity of the pulsebias is reversed to bombard negatively-charged electrons omnidirectionally and simultaneously over the part to achieve surface or bulk heating. Both PBII and PBEB have been conducted at 100 kV, 100 kW levels in a 1.2 m diameter × 2.4 m long vacuum chamber to implant, surface and bulk harden, as well as surface alloy and braze objects. As examples, we show the use of PBII to achieve up to an 8 × improved wear life of TiN-coated cutting tools subjected to multiple regrinds under actual gear-manufacturing wear conditions, as well as a >2.5 × improved wear life of TiN-coated foundry blocks subjected to actual high-compression, sand-casting manufacturing wear conditions. We also show the use of the PBEB process to normalize, quenchharden and surface-heat pinion gears in a faster, more-efficient manner than achieved using conventional heat-treat techniques.
Minor fibrillar collagens, variable regions alternative splicing, intrinsic disorder, and tyrosine sulfation

Minor fibrillar collagen types V and XI, are those less abundant than the fibrillar collagen types I, II and III. The alpha chains share a high degree of similarity with respect to protein sequence in all domains except the variable region. Genomic variation and, in some cases, extensive alternative splicing contribute to the unique sequence characteristics of the variable region. While unique expression patterns in tissues exist, the functions and biological relevance of the variable regions have not been elucidated. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge about expression patterns and biological functions of the collagen types V and XI alpha chains. Analysis of biochemical similarities among the peptides encoded by each exon of the variable region suggests the potential for a shared function. The alternative splicing, conservation of biochemical characteristics in light of low sequence conservation, and evidence for intrinsic disorder, suggest modulation of binding events between the surface of collagen fibrils and surrounding extracellular molecules as a shared function.
Adding Value at the Desk: How Technology and User Expectations are Changing Reference Work

The notion of what reference service ought to be continues to change as technology provides new ways to interact with users and alters their expectations of the library and librarians. As new tools for interaction become available, it is critical that librarians continuously evaluate their effectiveness at providing users with a valuable service that meets the needs of the community being served. By assessing tools and techniques in light of user expectations and satisfaction, librarians can come up with unique service programs that also incorporate their own knowledge and interpersonal skills.
Effect of Creaseproofing Agents on Lightfastness of Sensitive Dyes

The lightfastness of several classes of dye is known to be greatly affected by certain types of finishing agents such as cationic softeners and conventional types of crease proofing agents. However...
Drug Injury in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: Effects of Alendronate

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by an increase in bone resorption and a decline in bone density, which leads to increased susceptibility to bone fractures. Long-term therapy is needed to increase bone mineral density and maintain bone strength. Safe and well-tolerated medical therapies are required for long-term maintenance. Alendronate, an oral bisphosphonate, has been used for treatment of osteoporosis since the mid 1990s; however, recent studies have suggested alendronate can have significant gastrointestinal side effects. Most data suggest that the risk of these effects is low and not significantly higher than with placebo but there are limited reports that suggest otherwise, in both clinical trials and animal studies. Alendronate continues to remain an important mainstay of osteoporosis therapy.
Rainfall Frequency: An aspect of climatic variation

Analyses which have been made in the past have shown no significant trend in annual values of rainfall during the period of rainfall records in the southwestern United States. In the present study, frequency of daily rains of various sizes are analyzed for four long-record stations in New Mexico. It is shown that the frequency of rains smaller than 0.50 inch in a day progressively increased from 1850 to about 1930. Opposite trends in different size classes tended to partially compensate one another in such a way that trends do not appear in the annual rainfall totals. Frequency of rains of various sizes comprising wet years and dry are compared. Some effects of changes in rainfall frequency on vegetation and erosion are discussed.
Chromosomal determinants of intermale aggressive behavior in inbred mice.

A behavioral genetic system has been investigated in which the Y chromosome of DBA/1/Bg mice makes an incremental contribution to the adult aggression of B10D1F t , hybrid mice. Crosses with C57BL/10/Bg, C57BL/6/Bg, and DBA/2/Bg have identified a minimum of one incremental and one decremental (suppressor) genetic factor (in addition to the Y chromosome) which are autosomal and which affect the expression of adult intermale aggression in these strains.
The economic impacts of the 1998 sanctions on India and Pakistan

(1999). The economic impacts of the 1998 sanctions on India and Pakistan. The Nonproliferation Review: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 1-16.
Rational Design of T Cell Receptors with Enhanced Sensitivity for Antigen

Enhancing the affinity of therapeutic T cell receptors (TCR) without altering their specificity is a significant challenge for adoptive immunotherapy. Current efforts have primarily relied on empirical approaches. Here, we used structural analyses to identify a glycine-serine variation in the TCR that modulates antigen sensitivity. A G at position 107 within the CDR3β stalk is encoded within a single mouse and human TCR, TRBV13-2 and TRBV12-5 respectively. Most TCR bear a S107. The S hydroxymethyl side chain intercalates into the core of the CDR3β loop, stabilizing it. G107 TRBV possess a gap in their CDR3β where this S hydroxymethyl moiety would fit. We predicted based on modeling and molecular dynamics simulations that a G107S substitution would increase CDR3β stability and thereby augment receptor sensitivity. Experimentally, a G107S replacement led to an ∼10-1000 fold enhanced antigen sensitivity in 3 of 4 TRBV13-2(+) TCR tested. Analysis of fine specificity indicated a preserved binding orientation. These results support the feasibility of developing high affinity antigen specific TCR for therapeutic purposes through the identification and manipulation of critical framework residues. They further indicate that amino acid variations within TRBV not directly involved in ligand contact can program TCR sensitivity, and suggest a role for CDR3 stability in this programming.
Rotor meandering contributes to irregularity in electrograms during atrial fibrillation.

Background Radiofrequency ablation therapy of atrial fibrillation (AF) recently incorporated the analysis of dominant frequency (DF) and/or electrogram fractionation for guidance. However, the relationships between DF, fractionation, and spatiotemporal characteristics of the AF source remain unclear. Objective We hypothesize that a meandering reentrant AF source contributes to the wave fractionation and is reflected in the power spectrum of local electrograms elsewhere in the rotor's surroundings. Methods Meandering rotors as AF sources were simulated in 2-dimensional models of human atrial tissue and recorded in isolated sheep hearts. Nondominant elements of the signals were differentiated from the dominant elements using singular value decomposition, whereby the purely periodic constituent (PC) relating to the rotor's DF was eliminated rendering a residual constituent (RC) that consisted of all other activity. Results Spectral analysis of the decomposed constituents revealed peaks corresponding to the meandering frequency of the rotor tip, the magnitudes of which were proportional to the size of and the distance to the rotor core. Similar analyses on epicardial optical signals and electrograms from isolated sheep hearts, as well as human complex fractionated atrial electrograms, showed applicability of the approach. Conclusion Increased meandering of the rotor driving AF reduces activation periodicity and increases fractionation. The spectral manifestation of the rotor activity beyond the meandering region makes it possible to characterize AF source stability, as well as DF in humans using electrode mapping.
Comparing the Variances of Dependent Groups.

Recently several new attempts have been made to find a robust method for comparing the variances ofJ dependent random variables. However, empirical studies have shown that all of these procedures can give unsatisfactory results. This paper examines several new procedures that are derived heuristically. One of these procedures was found to perform better than all of the robust procedures studied here, and so it is recommended for general use.
An inferred chiasma map of Drosophila melanogaster

The chiasma map of D. melanogaster is inferred from the genetic map, giving correspondences between physical and genetic locations. Crossing-over is reduced near the centromere and telomeres. If chiasmata occur preferentially near the telomere they must be distal to genetic loci. A precept of Bridges and Morgan is discussed, which Drosophila genetics neglected but chromosome mapping in other organisms should follow.
Children and Television Parasitism or Symbiosis

"Children's television concerns and affects all of us. Our chil dren watch it. Our children are watching us and the way we meet our responsibility in helping them grow up. If television can help us and help our children, it will truly fulfill its promise.''
Di-γ-glutamylcystine as a substrate for glutathione reductase

Abstract Di-γ-glutamyl cystine will substitute for oxidized glutathione as a substrate in the reaction catalyzed by glutathione reductase. Using this substrate the apparent K m is much higher and the v max decreased.
A Knockout Mutation of a Constitutive GPCR in Tetrahymena Decreases Both G-Protein Activity and Chemoattraction

Although G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a common element in many chemosensory transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells, no GPCR or regulated G-protein activity has yet been shown in any ciliate. To study the possible role for a GPCR in the chemoresponses of the ciliate Tetrahymena, we have generated a number of macronuclear gene knockouts of putative GPCRs found in the Tetrahymena Genome database. One of these knockout mutants, called G6, is a complete knockout of a gene that we call GPCR6 (TTHERM_00925490). Based on sequence comparisons, the Gpcr6p protein belongs to the Rhodopsin Family of GPCRs. Notably, Gpcr6p shares highest amino acid sequence homologies to GPCRs from Paramecium and several plants. One of the phenotypes of the G6 mutant is a decreased responsiveness to the depolarizing ions Ba2+ and K+, suggesting a decrease in basal excitability (decrease in Ca2+ channel activity). The other major phenotype of G6 is a loss of chemoattraction to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and proteose peptone (PP), two known chemoattractants in Tetrahymena. Using microsomal [35S]GTPγS binding assays, we found that wild-type (CU427) have a prominent basal G-protein activity. This activity is decreased to the same level by pertussis toxin (a G-protein inhibitor), addition of chemoattractants, or the G6 mutant. Since the basal G-protein activity is decreased by the GPCR6 knockout, it is likely that this gene codes for a constitutively active GPCR in Tetrahymena. We propose that chemoattractants like LPA and PP cause attraction in Tetrahymena by decreasing the basal G-protein stimulating activity of Gpcr6p. This leads to decreased excitability in wild-type and longer runs of smooth forward swimming (less interrupted by direction changes) towards the attractant. Therefore, these attractants may work as inverse agonists through the constitutively active Gpcr6p coupled to a pertussis-sensitive G-protein.
Thermal Effects on Current Mirrors for High Speed Op Amps in Dielectrically Isolated Technology

Thermal effects on current mirror performance are significant. It is especially important to consider the thermal effects for current mirrors designed with dielectrically isolated bipolar devices. Thermal effects in integrated circuits can be categorized as thermal coupling, self-heating and the package thermal effect. This paper describes the effect of the self-heating on the output characteristics of the current mirrors. In general all the frequently used current mirrors in analog IC design are simulated and measured with the dielectrically isolated self-heating vertical bipolar inter-company (VBIC) devices. In a step by step procedure it is shown that this thermal effect is reduced or can be made negligible for the advanced mirrors; i.e. for the cascode connected and Wilson current mirrors.
Parallel Computation of the Topology of Level Sets

This paper introduces two efficient algorithms that compute the Contour Tree of a three-dimensional scalar field F and its augmented version with the Betti numbers of each isosurface. The Contour Tree is a fundamental data structure in scientific visualization that is used to pre-process the domain mesh to allow optimal computation of isosurfaces with minimal overhead storage. The Contour Tree can also be used to build user interfaces reporting the complete topological characterization of a scalar field, as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:top}. Data exploration time is reduced since the user understands the evolution of level set components with changing isovalue. The Augmented Contour Tree provides even more accurate information segmenting the range space of the scalar field into regions of invariant topology. The exploration time for a single isosurface is also improved since its genus is known in advance.Our first new algorithm augments any given Contour Tree with the Betti numbers of all possible corresponding isocontours in linear time with the size of the tree. Moreover, we show how to extend the scheme introduced in [3] with the Betti number computation without increasing its complexity. Thus, we improve on the time complexity in our previous approach from O(m log m) to O(n log n + m), where m is the number of cells and n is the number of vertices in the domain of F.Our second contribution is a new divide-and-conquer algorithm that computes the Augmented Contour Tree with improved efficiency. The approach computes the output Contour Tree by merging two intermediate Contour Trees and is independent of the interpolant. In this way we confine any knowledge regarding a specific interpolant to an independent function that computes the tree for a single cell. We have implemented this function for the trilinear interpolant and plan to replace it with higher-order interpolants when needed. The time complexity is O(n + t log n), where t is the number of critical points of F. For the first time we can compute the Contour Tree in linear time in many practical cases where t = O(n1–e). We report the running times for a parallel implementation, showing good scalability with the number of processors.
Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among College Students in Arkansas and Florida: Food Culture vs. Health Knowledge

This study determines the impact of demographics, dietary and health knowledge, and food culture on fruit and vegetable consumption of college students in Arkansas and Florida. Our empirical analysis demonstrates that food culture significantly impacts consumption of fruits and vegetables; a finding which emphasizes the need to target cultural aspects when developing effective and efficient management of agribusiness firms. Understanding the antecedents to consumption for products like fruits and vegetables is important to agribusiness industry, policy makers and organizations interested in evaluating the effectiveness of health education in promoting college students' health and decreasing the trends to obesity.
Low-Energy Manifestations of Heavy Particles: Application to the Neutral Current

It is argued that in broken-symmetry theories the decoupling of heavy particles is incomplete. Some possible manifestations of this effect in neutral-current processes and the decay ${K}_{L}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\mu}$ are discussed. In the case of the neutral current, heavy-particle effects may be calculated accurately including strong-interaction corrections. A new method of making such calculations is explained and its application to the neutral-current process discussed in detail. The method is more efficient than previous ones and is especially useful in calculations involving several mass scales.
Network access fairness control for concurrent traffic in gigabit LANs

A buffer insertion ring with network access fairness control for gigabit LANs is proposed. The basic buffer insertion ring has the maximum spatial reuse on the multiple ring segments by allowing concurrent traffic, but it suffers from the possibility of station starvation. To solve this problem, a notion of adjustable fairness based on mutual interference between pairs of stations in bandwidth usage is defined. The adjustable fairness definition serves as a basis for conditions to trigger backpressure signals. A cooperative backpressure mechanism is invented for flow regulation. The effectiveness of the proposed network access mechanism is demonstrated by comparisons with other buffer insertion rings based on simulations. >
Anal carcinoma and its differential diagnoses

Abstract Anal carcinomas are uncommon and account for 1–3% of gastrointestinal carcinomas in the USA. The commonest of these carcinomas is squamous cell carcinoma and its morphological variants, but the anatomy and mixed histology of the anal canal allows for a variety of other neoplasms, including adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinomas, malignant melanoma, lymphoma and several rarer tumours. Chemoradiation is the main treatment for squamous cell carcinomas, while other carcinomas may be treated by a combination of chemoradiation and surgery. Biopsy material is often small and/or crushed, which may render accurate diagnosis difficult. In select clinical settings, surgical excision may follow chemoradiation therapy, which may present further challenges to diagnosis. This contribution reviews the differential diagnosis of anal canal carcinoma and discusses practical, pertinent features to distinguish between these carcinomas.
Type I IFN enhances follicular B cell contribution to the T cell–independent antibody response

Humoral immunity to viruses and encapsulated bacteria is comprised of T cell-independent type 2 (TI-2) antibody responses that are characterized by rapid antibody production by marginal zone and B1 B cells. We demonstrate that toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands influence the TI-2 antibody response not only by enhancing the overall magnitude but also by skewing this response to one that is dominated by IgG isotypes. Importantly, TLR ligands facilitate this response by inducing type I interferon (IFN), which in turn elicits rapid and significant amounts of antigen-specific IgG2c predominantly from FO (follicular) B cells. Furthermore, we show that although the IgG2c antibody response requires B cell-autonomous IFN-alpha receptor signaling, it is independent of B cell-intrinsic TLR signaling. Thus, innate signals have the capacity to enhance TI-2 antibody responses by promoting participation of FO B cells, which then elaborate effective IgG anti-pathogen antibodies.
A new anti conformation for N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF-dG) allows Watson–Crick pairing in the Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4)

Primer extension studies have shown that the Y-family DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) from Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 can preferentially insert C opposite N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF-dG) [F. Boudsocq, S. Iwai, F. Hanaoka and R. Woodgate (2001) Nucleic Acids Res., 29, 4607-4616]. Our goal is to elucidate on a structural level how AAF-dG can be harbored in the Dpo4 active site opposite an incoming dCTP, using molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations, since AAF-dG prefers the syn glycosidic torsion. Both anti and syn conformations of the templating AAF-dG in a Dpo4 ternary complex were investigated. All four dNTPs were studied. We found that an anti glycosidic torsion with C1'-exo deoxyribose conformation allows AAF-dG to be Watson-Crick hydrogen-bonded with dCTP with modest polymerase perturbation, but other nucleotides are more distorting. The AAF is situated in the Dpo4 major groove open pocket with fluorenyl rings 3'- and acetyl 5'-directed along the modified strand, irrespective of dNTP. With AAF-dG syn, the fluorenyl rings are in the small minor groove pocket and the active site region is highly distorted. The anti-AAF-dG conformation with C1'-exo sugar pucker can explain the preferential incorporation of dC by Dpo4. Possible relevance of our new major groove structure for AAF-dG to other polymerases, lesion repair and solution conformations are discussed.
Pharmaceutical Discoveries Based on Ethnomedicinal Plants: 1985 to 2000 and Beyond1

Fifteen years after a symposium on economic plants projecting to the year 2000, what predictions and remarks of the speakers with reference to ethnobotany and medicinal plants proved prophetic and what others fell short? Certainly they predicted a continuation of acculturation, biodiversity loss, and technology advances. They also foresaw the need for collaborative, multidisciplinary research and major government funding, and changes in regulations governing an expanded industry in botanicals, nutriceuticals, and phytopharmaceuticals, all of which occurred. However, many technologies were in their infancy or unknown, such as gene amplification and recombinant procedures, high-throughput screening, gene chip technology, and combinatorial chemistry, and are only now being used in research and development in the discovery of new therapeutics. Likewise, who would have foreseen worldwide devastating effects of mutant microorganisms resistant to drugs of choice for treating important diseases, such as malaria and tuberculosis? Research data involving these two infections illustrate the value of finding activity based on collections specifically targeted by indigenous users (antimalaria) and those generally used medicinally together with chemotaxonomic selections (antituberculosis). A discussion of research beyond 2000 addresses the future of ethnobotanical research, acculturation and biodiversity losses, collaborative research, regulation and/or standardization of pharmaceuticals, nutriceuticals, and phytopharmaceuticals, and new technologies.
Localization of SPARC in developing, mature, and chronically injured human allograft kidneys.

Localization of SPARC in developing, mature, and chronically injured human allograft kidneys. Background The matricellular protein SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) is expressed during development, tissue remodeling and repair. It functions as an endogenous inhibitor of cell proliferation, regulates angiogenesis, regulates cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, binds cytokines such as platelet derived growth factor and stimulates transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production. This study describes the expression of SPARC during human renal development, in normal kidneys and during renal allograft rejection. Methods A total of 60 renal specimens, including normal areas from tumor nephrectomies ( N = 24), fetal kidneys ( N = 27) and explanted renal allografts ( N = 9), were included in the study. SPARC protein was localized by immunohistochemistry using two different antibodies. On consecutive sections SPARC mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization. Results In the normal adult kidney SPARC protein was expressed by visceral and parietal epithelial cells, collecting duct epithelium (CD), urothelium, smooth muscle cells of muscular arteries and focally in interstitial cells. During renal development immature glomeruli demonstrated a polarized SPARC expression in visceral epithelial cells at their surface abutting the capillary basement membranes. In the fully differentiated glomeruli the expression pattern mirrored that of the adult kidney. Furthermore, SPARC was abundantly expressed by derivatives of the ureteric bud, and smooth muscle cells of arterial walls. During chronic allograft rejection SPARC is expressed in neointimal arterial smooth muscle cells, infiltrating inflammatory cells as well as by interstitial myofibroblasts in areas of interstitial fibrosis. SPARC mRNA synthesis detected by in situ hybridization mirrored these protein expression patterns. Conclusion These studies co-localize SPARC to several sites of renal injury previously shown to be sites of PDGF B-chain expression and/or activity. We speculate that SPARC could function as an accessory molecule in chronic PDGF-mediated sclerosing interstitial and vascular injury. SPARC localization to glomerular epithelial cells corresponds to similar findings in rodents, and may reflect its role in cell adhesion and /or regulation of cell shape.
Prenatal MRI fetal lung volumes and percent liver herniation predict pulmonary morbidity in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether prenatal imaging parameters are predictive of postnatal CDH-associated pulmonary morbidity. Methods The records of all neonates with CDH treated from 2004 to 2012 were reviewed. Patients requiring supplemental oxygen at 30 days of life (DOL) were classified as having chronic lung disease (CLD). Fetal MRI-measured observed/expected total fetal lung volume (O/E-TFLV) and percent liver herniation (%LH) were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and multivariate regression were applied to assess the prognostic value of O/E-TFLV and %LH for development of CLD. Results Of 172 neonates with CDH, 108 had fetal MRIs, and survival was 76%. 82% (89/108) were alive at DOL 30, 46 (52%) of whom had CLD. Neonates with CLD had lower mean O/E-TFLV (30vs.42%; p = 0.001) and higher %LH (21.3 ± 2.8 vs.7.1 ± 1.8%; p 20% (AUC =0.78; p 20% were highly associated with indicators of long-term pulmonary sequelae. On multivariate analysis, %LH was the strongest predictor of CLD in patients with CDH (OR: 10.96, 95%CI: 2.5–48.9, p = 0.002). Conclusion Prenatal measurement of O/E-TFLV and %LH is predictive of CDH pulmonary morbidity and can aid in establishing parental expectations of postnatal outcomes.
After hypertext: Other ideas

Early work in and about hypertext suggested dramatic potentials for the medium, primarily in the way it challenged notions of authorial control, linearity, and the status quo in general. This history of hypertext tended to portray contradicting archetypes or pure forms that concrete developments never fulfilled. We argue that hypertext has long been a cultural analogy rather than a simple enactment or fulfillment of desires. To assist in creating a more open, constructive vision of hypertext, we gather three differing but connected tropes for hypertext from this history: hypertext as kinship, hypertext as battlefield, and hypertext as rhizome. Although these tropes are only three among many possibilities, we provisionally play them off one another to deconstruct and reconstruct hypertext theory and practice, and to demonstrate potentials for moving beyond archetypes in theorizing and practicing hypertext.
The Alternative Lenses of Assessment: Educating Social Workers about Psychopathology.

Abstract The use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) as a teaching tool for social workers to understand mental illness has been debated for many years. The general consensus is that social workers need to be “familiar” with this classification system. Social Work's person in environment perspective, however, requires additional tools of assessment. This article provides the Alternative Lenses of Assessment as one such tool: Developmental-Adaptive lens, Political- Economic lens, Sociocultural lens, Neurobiological lens, and Situational- Environmental lens. A pedagogical method for presenting these lenses through clinical vignettes is provided. Student response to the Lenses using student-authored clinical vignettes is also discussed.
From Mission Objectives to Design: An Efficient Framework for Downselection in Robotic Space Exploration

One of the most critical tasks in any design process is the initial conversion of mission or program objectives into a baseline system architecture. Approaches to this task commonly rely on qualitative assessments of design options and detailed sizing of a handful of potential point designs. Mission value is often difficult to compare among alternatives because it is often not captured quantitatively. The framework presented here is unique in its quick and thorough population of a Pareto front in the mission importance vs. cost domain, allowing early selection of non-dominated, Pareto-optimal designs. This is achieved via automated evaluation of thousands of potential candidate architecture and payload combinations. In an illustration of this method, 70,000 cases are sized for a robotic mission to the near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis. A design on the resulting Pareto front is chosen, and initial mass and cost estimates returned are accurate within 2-5% compared to the detailed final design. Despite some limitations, it is concluded that this framework is theoretically extensible to non-robotic, and perhaps even non-exploration, missions. It is believed that this framework is a valuable addition to the system engineer’s toolbox and that it can allow the selection of higher-value, lower-cost solutions during preliminary design.
Domestic Violence Survivors: Spirituality and Social Support

A review of the literature revealed that few domestic violence programs include ongoing social support or a focus on the spiritual concerns of domestic violence survivor. The literature appears to support the development of this spirituality and support group theory and confirms the importance of caring communities for domestic violence survivors and thrivers. The focus of this article is to propose a model of spirituality and social support for domestic violence survivors and thrivers. A synthesis of the Rite of Passage framework in combination with the Dance of the Spirit spiritual growth theory of Maria Harris is presented. An outline of a seven week spirituality group for those who have left the domestic violence situation is presented and implications for practice are discussed.
Make Your Gift to AGU Personal

Did you know that you can customize your giving to AGU by making a tribute gift or a monthly recurring gift or including AGU in your will or estate plans?
Pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (Col., Scolytidae), responses to common green leaf volatiles

We tested the hypothesis that green leaf volatiles (GLVs) disrupt the response of overwintered pine shoot beetles, Tomicus piniperda (L.) to multiple-funnel traps baited with the attractive host volatile α-pinene. A combination of four GLV alcohols, 1-hexanol (E)-2-hexen-1-ol (Z)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, caused 54 and 36% reduction in the number of pine shoot beetles captured in two separate trapping experiments. Similarly, a combination of the four alcohols plus two GLV aldehydes, hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal, caused 38% reduction in the number of pine shoot beetles captured compared with α-pinene alone. A blend of the two GLV aldehydes was not disruptive. None of the four GLV alcohols nor the two GLV aldehydes were disruptive when tested individually. The finding that the blend of four GLV alcohols reduced attraction of T. piniperda supports the general hypothesis that GLVs common to nonhost angiosperms are disruptive to conifer-attacking bark beetles (Scolytidae).
Bioavailability and disposition of sodium and procaine penicillin G (benzylpenicillin) administered orally with milk to calves.

Eighteen 1-week-old Holstein calves were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (a) sodium penicillin G administered intravenously, (b) sodium penicillin G administered orally, or (c) procaine penicillin G administered orally. All calves were dosed with penicillin G at 4.0 mg/kg BW. At 5 weeks of age, the calves were dosed again. Blood samples were taken serially for 24 h after both dosings. Plasma was assayed for penicillin G by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For i.v. administration, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), 7456 and 5508 ng/mL h, and systemic clearance, 0.54 and 0.73 L/kg h, were significantly different (P < 0.05) at 1 and 5 weeks of age, respectively. There were no significant differences between orally administered sodium and procaine penicillin G within the same age groups. Following oral (p.o.) administration, there were significant differences (P < 0.01) at 1 and 5 weeks of age in the AUC, 760 and 409 ng/mL h, terminal half-life, 2.1 and 1.6 h, time of maximum concentration (TMAX), 3.0 and 2.3 h, and maximum plasma concentration (CMAX), 85 and 58 ng/mL, respectively. Bioavailability was 10.2 and 7.4% at 1 and 5 weeks, respectively.
Doing Programmatic Research: Two Case Studies from Social Psychology

As a new researcher, transferring knowledge of the scientific process into an actual contribution to that process can be difficult. The purpose of this article is to first demonstrate how a deductive vs. inductive approach can be implemented in a program of research, and second to provide insights on using each approach in the science of psychology. Specifically, the histories of Michael A. Hogg's and John A. Bargh's programmatic research will be traced, followed by a critical comparison of each method. Finally, insights on doing programmatic research in psychology will be discussed.
Lower bounds on the maximum cross correlation of signals (Corresp.)

Some communication systems require sets of signals with impulse-like autocorrelation functions and small cross correlation. There is considerable literature on signals with impulse-like autocorrelation functions hut little on sets of signals with small cross correlation. A possible reason is that designers put too severe a restriction on cross correlation magnitudes. This correspondence establishes lower bounds on how small the cross correlation and autocorrelation can simultaneously be.
Expressing user profiles for data recharging

Mobile devices need two basic renewable resources - power and data. Power recharging is easy; data recharging is a much more problematic activity. It requires complex interaction between a user and a collection of data sources. We provide an automatic data recharging capability based on user profiles written in an expressive profile language. A profile identifies relevant information and orders it by its usefulness. We discuss the issues involved in designing a profile language for data recharging.
A P2P Camera System with New Consistent Labeling Method Involving Only Simple Geometric Operations

Consistent labeling is a fundamental problem in multiple-camera-multiple-human tracking. We present a new consistent labeling method called CPSPL that is used in our P2P human tracking system with multiple calibrated cameras, media servers, human trackers and trajectory mergers. The proposed method differs from most existent ones in that it only uses projective lines for establishing the correspondence between the tracked objects in multiple camera views, as well as correct the object location errors in a single camera view. In the world coordinates, the projective lines passing through the same person from separate cameras are often skew lines. We use the common perpendicular segments of projective lines to determine whether they pass through the same person. Although CPSPL method involves only simple geometric operations, the experiment results show its surprising accuracy in multiple-camera-multiple-human tracking.
Fault Detection and Fault-Tolerant Control of Particulate Processes using Population Balance Models

This paper presents a fault-tolerant control (FTC) architecture for particulate processes described by population balance models with control constraints, actuator faults and limited process measurements. The architecture integrates model-based nonlinear feedback, state estimation, fault detection and supervisory control on the basis of an appropriate reduced-order model that captures the dominant process dynamics. Appropriate fault detection thresholds and controller reconfiguration laws are derived to ensure robustness of the FTC architecture to model reduction and state estimation errors when implemented on the particulate process. The proposed methodology is applied to the problem of constrained, actuator fault-tolerant stabilization of an unstable steady-state of a continuous crystallizer.
Hypothalamic Corticotrophin‐Releasing Factor and Norepinephrine Mediate Sympathetic and Cardiovascular Responses to Acute Intracarotid Injection of Tumour Necrosis Factor‐α in the Rat

Systemic administration of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induces the release of norepinephrine in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of hypothalamus and an increase in expression of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and CRF type 1 receptors. We explored the hypothesis that CRF and norepinephrine in PVN mediate the cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to acute systemic administration of TNF-alpha. In anaesthetised rats, the increases in arterial pressure and heart rate induced by intracarotid artery injection of TNF-alpha were attenuated by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of either the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin or the CRF antagonist alpha-helical CRF. Prazosin blocked the TNF-alpha-induced increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), whereas alpha-helical CRF substantially reduced the RSNA response. Conversely, CRF and the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine, administered ICV, both elicited increases in PVN neuronal activity, RSNA, arterial pressure and heart rate. Microinjection of CRF and phenylephrine directly into PVN evoked smaller responses. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that norepinephrine and CRF in the PVN mediate the cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to acute systemic administration of TNF-alpha.
The use of finite fields to compute convolutions

A transform is defined in the Galois field of q^2 elements GF(q^2) , a finite field analogous to the field of complex numbers, when q is a prime such that (--1) is not a quadratic residue. It is shown that the action of this transform over GF(q^2) is equivalent to the discrete Fourier transform of a sequence of complex integers of finite dynamic range. If q is a Mersenne prime, one can utilize the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm to yield a fast convolution without the usual roundoff problem of complex numbers.
Cryptic Subtelomeric Rearrangements and X Chromosome Mosaicism: A Study of 565 Apparently Normal Individuals with Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization

Five percent of patients with unexplained mental retardation have been attributed to cryptic unbalanced subtelomeric rearrangements. Half of these affected individuals have inherited the rearrangement from a parent who is a carrier for a balanced translocation. However, the frequency of carriers for cryptic balanced translocations is unknown. To determine this frequency, 565 phenotypically normal unrelated individuals were examined for balanced subtelomeric rearrangements using Fluorescent In Situ hybridization (FISH) probes for all subtelomere regions. While no balanced subtelomeric rearrangements were identified, three females in this study were determined to be mosaic for the X chromosome. Mosaicism for XXX cell lines were observed in the lymphocyte cultures of 3 in 379 women (0.8%), which is a higher frequency than the 1 in 1000 (0.1%) reported for sex chromosome aneuploidies. Our findings suggest that numerical abnormalities of the X chromosome are more common in females than previously reported. Based on a review of the literature, the incidence of cryptic translocation carriers is estimated to be approximately 1/8,000, more than ten-fold higher than the frequency of visible reciprocal translocations.
Promptness of antibiotic therapy in acute bacterial meningitis.

We reviewed 135 cases of acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis at a municipal teaching hospital during a six-year period, with special emphasis on promptness of initial antimicrobial therapy. Overall mortality was 5% for the 121 childhood cases, compared to 43% for the 14 adult cases ( P P
The role of water in the hydration force - molecular dynamics simulations

To understand the contri- bution of water to the repulsive force acting between phospholipid membrane molecules we performed molecular dynamics computer simu- lations on lamellar systems of phospholipid bilayers in water. Four simulations were performed. Two simulations were done on dilauroyl- phosphatidylethanolamine (DLPE) in water systems and two on dipal- mitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in water systems. The simulations differed by the amount of water per phospholipid headgroup. From the simulations we concluded that even at the hydration limit the headgroups of the opposing membranes come in to close proximity, so that they are separated by only one or two water layers. Since the water structure in the first solvation shell is distinctly differ- ent from bulk water, the hydration force is likely to be due to the solva- tion layer of water around the head- groups, which are separated by up to two water layers, rather than due to a long range perturbation of the water structure. We also observed that different solvation patterns exist for water around the phosphatidylcho- line (PC) and phosphatidyletha- nolamine (PE) headgroups. We propose that this solvation pattern is connected to the difference in the hydration of DPPC and DLPE membranes.
A comprehensive multiomics approach toward understanding the relationship between aging and dementia

Because age is the greatest risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), phenotypic screens based upon old age-associated brain toxicities were used to develop the potent neurotrophic drug J147. Since certain aspects of aging may be primary cause of AD, we hypothesized that J147 would be effective against AD-associated pathology in rapidly aging SAMP8 mice and could be used to identify some of the molecular contributions of aging to AD. An inclusive and integrative multiomics approach was used to investigate protein and gene expression, metabolite levels, and cognition in old and young SAMP8 mice. J147 reduced cognitive deficits in old SAMP8 mice, while restoring multiple molecular markers associated with human AD, vascular pathology, impaired synaptic function, and inflammation to those approaching the young phenotype. The extensive assays used in this study identified a subset of molecular changes associated with aging that may be necessary for the development of AD.
Ethnic Cues and Redistributive Preferences in Post-Soviet Georgia

How do citizens in weak democracies evaluate claims on government assistance made by other ethnic groups? This paper analyzes data from an original survey experiment in the Republic of Georgia to determine the role of ethnic cues in the formation of redistributive preferences. In the experiment, ethnic Georgian subjects are randomly assigned a mock news article with variation on implied ethnic (Georgian, Azeri, or Armenian) identity and type of redistributive demand, and asked to evaluate the demand. The results show modest but consistent evidence of ethnic bias conditional on both types of variation, along with ethnic stereotypes, even while subjects are highly pro-redistribution in general. This study highlights how subtle biases can shape redistributive policy preferences in ways inimical to democracy in multiethnic societies.