cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced-order multirate estimation for stable and unstable plants

An approach to designing reduced-order multirate estimators is presented. A discrete-time model that accounts for the multirate timing sequence of measurements is presented and is shown to have periodically time-varying dynamics. Using discrete-time stability theory, the optimal projection approach to fixed-order (i.e. full- and reduced-order) estimator design is generalized to obtain reduced-order periodic estimators that account for the multirate architecture. It is shown that the optimal reduced-order filter is characterized by periodically time-varying systems of equations consisting of coupled Riccati/Lyapunov equations corresponding to each subinterval of the period. >
Time Allocation Patterns of Lowland Woolly Monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii) in a Neotropical Terra Firma Forest

We investigated the time allocation decisions of lowland woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha poeppigii )i n aterra firma forest in eastern Ecuador where they occur sympatrically with 9 other primate species. Woolly monkeys spent considerable amounts of time searching for and attempting to procure animal prey—roughly as much time as they spent consuming plant material: ripe fruits, leaves, and flowers. The amount of time spent foraging for animal prey is positively related to the habitat-wide availability of ripe fruits (the predominant component of the woolly monkey diet), and negatively related to both ambient temperature and the abundance of potential prey items in the habitat. Time spent resting showed exactly the opposite pattern with respect to these ecological variables. These results suggest that woolly monkeys follow an energy-maximizing strategy of food acquisition during times of fruit abundance—focusing on animal foods and perhaps laying down fat reserves to utilize when ecological conditions worsen—and follow an energy-minimizing strategy when fruit resources are scarce. Such a strong and seasonal commitment to animal prey foraging is unique among the ateline primates and is not ubiquitous even among lowland woolly monkeys. We suggest that this foraging strategy, and the greater intragroup cohesion that characterizes some populations of Lagothrix, are both opportunistic responses to regional differences in habitat quality. Identifying and accounting
Endorphins, Dopamine, and Schizophrenia

The theory that alterations of dopaminergic synaptic transmission may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is widely accepted. A more recent theory links the endorphin system to the etiology of schizophrenia. We propose that these two theories may be combined into a single model. Recent neurochemical and pharmacological findings have indicated close functional relationships between the endorphin and dopamine systems. Endorphins modulate dopaminergic synaptic transmission by exerting both presynaptic and postsynaptic effects. On the molecular level, this modulation may involve the activity of nucleotide cyclases and protein phosphorylation systems. Thus, the dopaminergic neuronal hyperactivity, currently believed to be related to schizophrenia, may be caused by a primary alteration in the endorphin system. Several hypotheses about the nature of that alteration have been advanced and tested in therapeutic experiments with schizophrenic patients. These experiments have not yet yielded definitive results.
Proteasome-dependent, ubiquitin-independent degradation of Daxx by the viral pp71 protein in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells

The cellular Daxx protein represses human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gene expression from the major immediate early promoter. HCMV prevents Daxx-mediated silencing during lytic infection by delivering the viral pp71 tegument protein to the nucleus, where pp71 binds to and induces the proteasomal degradation of Daxx. In this study, we show that a functional ubiquitin pathway is not required for the proteasomal degradation of the endogenous Daxx protein by tegument-delivered pp71 in HCMV-infected cells, demonstrating that the pp71-mediated degradation of Daxx occurs through a proteasome-dependent, ubiquitin-independent pathway.
The Tenet real-time protocol suite: design, implementation, and experiences

Many future applications will require guarantees on network performance, such as bounds on throughput, delay, delay jitter, and reliability. To address this need, the authors have designed, simulated, and implemented a suite of network protocols to support real-time channels (network connections with mathematically provable performance guarantees). The protocols, which constitute the prototype Tenet real-time protocol suite (Suite 1), run on a packet-switching internetwork and can coexist with the popular Internet protocol suite. The authors rely on the use of connection-oriented communication, per-channel admission control, channel rate control, and priority scheduling. This protocol suite is the first set of transport and network-layer communication protocols that can transfer real-time streams with guaranteed quality in packet-switching internetworks. The authors have performed a number of experiments and demonstrations on multiple platforms using continuous-media loads (particularly video). The results show that the approach is both feasible and practical to build, and that it can successfully provide performance guarantees to real-time applications. The paper describes the design and implementation of, the suite, the experiments performed, and some of the lessons learned.
EPIPHRENIC DIVERTICULUM IN ASSOCIATION WITH AN UNUSUAL MOTILITY DISTURBANCE: REPORT OF SURGICAL CORRECTION

A patient with dysphagia, odynophagia, and a large epiphrenic diverticulum was found to have an unusual esophageal motility disorder. Very high pressure peristaltic waves in the distal esophagus were associated with an incoordinated and poorly relaxing lower esophageal sphincter. A hiatus hernia and gastroesophageal reflux were also present. After diverticulectomy, long esophagomyotomy, and Belsey hiatus hernia repair, the patient showed clinical and X-ray improvement. A unique feature was marked postoperative improvement of the motility disturbance.
Cascaded channel-select filter array architecture using high-K transducers for spectrum analysis

This work presents a novel cascaded filter array architecture for large-scale MEMS filter arrays that overcomes the limitations associated with the large shunt capacitance to efficiently scale the number of filters in the array. The proposed architecture effectively reduces the capacitive loading at the input by utilizing a series connection of the filters, resulting in improvement in the return loss and stopband rejection for large arrays. This work demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale filter arrays without the need for additional costly isolation strategies for real-time spectrum monitoring applications.
Cytochrome Oxidase from Etiolated Corn Seedlings

Cytochrome oxidase is a complex, multisubunit membrane protein that is the terminal member of the respiratory chain in mitochondria. The enzyme appears to act as a proton pump, but neither the mechanism of this energy conserving process nor the roles of any of the 12–13 different subunits in the mammalian oxidase are known.
Ca2+ uptake, fatty acid, and LDH release during proximal tubule hypoxia: effects of mepacrine and dibucaine

In freshly isolated hypoxic rat proximal tubules, Ca2+ uptake rate increases promptly, within 1 min, and remains significantly elevated throughout a 20-min period of hypoxia. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, a sign of membrane injury, increases only after 5 min of hypoxia and thereafter rises progressively. The potential effect of increased Ca2+ uptake rate to activate phospholipases, which would then initiate membrane injury, was evaluated by treating hypoxic tubules with three dissimilar phospholipase inhibitors, i.e., mepacrine, dibucaine, or p-bromophenacyl bromide (PBPB). LDH release averaged 11.9 and 13.8% after 10 and 20 min of normoxia, respectively. With 10 or 20 min of hypoxia LDH release increased to 46.0 and 65.2%, respectively (P < 0.01), and Ca2+ uptake rate increased from 2.56 in normoxia to 4.71 nmol.mg-1 x min-1 at 10 min of hypoxia (P < 0.01) and from 2.82 in normoxia to 3.76 nmol/mg at 20 min of hypoxia (P < 0.05). In a separate series of tubules, after 10 min of hypoxia LDH release was reduced by pretreatment with 50 microM mepacrine (66.1 to 47.3%, P < 0.01) or 50 microM dibucaine (53.1 to 38.5%, P < 0.02). The increase in Ca2+ uptake rate also was significantly reduced. After 20 min of hypoxia neither mepacrine nor dibucaine reduced Ca2+ uptake rate; LDH release was modestly reduced by dibucaine but not mepacrine. Higher doses of mepacrine (500 microM) and dibucaine (250 microM) also reduced cell injury at 10 min of hypoxia as assessed by LDH release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstract 17124: Sex Differences in the Incidence of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in an increased risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the epidemiology of PAD in CKD, and particularly how the incidence differs according to sex remains incompletely defined. We sought to define how the epidemiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) differs according to sex and age. Methods: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) is a multi-center, prospective cohort study of CKD participants. Fine and Gray methods were used to determine the cumulative incidence of PAD, defined by an ankle brachial index (ABI) Results: The mean age of the 3,174 participants in this study was 56.6 years and consisted of 55% males. Over a median follow-up of 5.9 years, 17.8% developed PAD and 11.1% died. Females had a 1.72-fold greater adjusted PAD risk compared to men (95% CI 1.44-2.06, p Conclusions: Females with CKD have a higher PAD risk compared to males at younger ages. There is an important need to improve our understanding of the biological and clinical basis for these differences.
Cultural dislocation in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane: Freedom or anomie?

Underlying Monica Ali’s endorsement of liberalism in her novel Brick Lane is a critique of the culturally relativistic views promoted by advocates of postcolonialism and multiculturalism in the Wes...
Multidentate catechol-based polyethylene glycol oligomers provide enhanced stability and biocompatibility to iron oxide nanoparticles.

We have designed, prepared, and tested a new set of multidentate catechol- and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-derivatized oligomers, OligoPEG-Dopa, as ligands that exhibit strong affinity to iron oxide nanocrystals. The ligands consist of a short poly(acrylic acid) backbone laterally appended with several catechol anchoring groups and several terminally functionalized PEG moieties to promote affinity to aqueous media and to allow further coupling to target molecules (bio and others). These multicoordinating PEGylated oligomers were prepared using a relatively simple chemical strategy based on N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) condensation. The ability of these catechol-functionalized oligomers to impart long-term colloidal stability to the nanoparticles is compared to other control ligands, namely, oligomers presenting several carboxyl groups and monodentate ligands presenting either one catechol or one carboxyl group. We found that the OligoPEG-Dopa l...
Performance analysis of traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing industry based on principal component analysis

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) industry is a national strategic industry,and its performance has received the attention of policy makers,managers,social investments,relevant institutions and experts especially after the implementation of the new reform in 2009. TCM manufacturing industry deserves attention as the main part of Chinese medicine industry. Therefore,using principal component analysis( PCA) and financial index of2007- 2011 as the analysis object,we evaluated and analyzed the performance of TCM manufacturing industry,including four aspects,namely the industry's profitability,operation ability,debt paying ability and growth ability. Results have shown that the development of TCM manufacturing industry performance closely relates to the domestic economy and policy factors. In 2007- 2011,substantial advance was achieved,especially in 2009 and 2011,except that 2008 was in down because of financial crisis. The overall development of TCM manufacturing industry is positive.
Lead related complications in quadripolar versus bipolar left ventricular leads.

Abstract Background Quadripolar left ventricular (LV) leads are capable of pacing from four different electrodes which allows for easier and more stable intra-operative lead positioning with optimal pacing parameters. We therefore investigated the rate of combined intra-operative and post-operative LV lead related events in quadripolar vs. bipolar LV lead cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) recipients in the real world setting. Methods We retrospectively collected data for N = 1441 patients at our institution implanted with quadripolar (n = 292) or bipolar (n = 1149) LV leads from 2012 to 2014 and followed them to the primary end-point of composite lead outcome defined as intra-operative lead implant failure or post-operative lead dislodgement or deactivations. Results Patients implanted with a quadripolar lead were younger (70.6 ± 11.4 vs 72.5 ± 11.6, p = 0.014) and had higher incidence of diabetes (41.8% vs 32.8%, p = 0.004) compared to those with bipolar leads. All other baseline characteristics were comparable. Patients implanted with a quadripolar were significantly less likely to reach the primary endpoint in the first 12 months after LV lead implantation (Hazard Ratio 0.22, 95% Confidence Interval 0.08–0.60, p = 0.001). There were no differences between the two groups in rates of hospitalization for any cause or in mortality. Conclusion In this real world study, quadripolar LV leads have significantly lower rates of implantation failure and post-operative lead dislodgement or deactivation. These results have important clinical implications to CRT recipients.
CD62L Is Not Critical for T Regulatory Cell-Mediated Protection from Lethal Acute GVHD.

INTRODUCTION: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Despite advances in understanding the etiology of GVHD it remains a formidable obstacle to the widespread application of BMT. T regulatory (Treg) cells have been shown to inhibit GVHD while preserving the beneficial graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Published studies by numerous groups, including our own, have shown the importance of Treg homing molecule expression in preventing GVHD. Of note, the Treg population that expressed high levels of the adhesion molecule L-Selectin (CD62L) was shown to be capable of promoting BM engraftment and inhibiting lethal acute GVHD, whereas the CD62Llo population was not. While these studies provided evidence that the phenotype of the CD62Lhi Treg population was responsible for inhibition of GVHD they did not directly assess the role of CD62L. METHODS: To investigate the importance of CD62L in Treg mediated protection from GVHD we utilized a well-described parent into F1 model. We transferred Tregs (2×106) from CD62L deficient mice (CD62L−/−) or wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice with WT naive T cell effectors (5×106) into lethally irradiated B6D2 recipients. Our results demonstrated similar survival of recipient mice receiving CD62L−/− Tregs (40% survival) compared to those receiving WT Tregs (60% survival: p =0.66). In addition fluorescence microscopy revealed no difference in GFP+ T cell effector migration/accumulation in GVHD target organs (liver, lung, GI tract) or secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, mesenteric lymph node, inguinal lymph node, Peyers Patches) in the presence of CD62L−/− or WT Tregs. Also, we tracked the migration of GFP+ CD62L−/− Tregs in vivo by fluorescence microscopy and found they were able to efficiently migrate to secondary lymphoid organs and GVHD target organs. Surprisingly, GFP+ CD62L−/− Tregs were also able to home to peripheral lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest CD62L is dispensable for Treg mediated suppression of GVHD and that the function of the L-selectinhi Treg fraction may be due to the difference in the expression of other homing/migration molecules necessary for Treg migration into lymphoid and GVHD target organs. ![Figure][1] Figure [1]: pending:yes
Post-Polio Syndrome, Implications for Geriatric Care

Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is commonly experienced by geriatric patients with a history of acute paralytic poliomyelitis. The goal of this review is to educate clinicians about the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for PPS as well as explore established and experimental treatment options. On review of the literature, there is no new research identifying effective interventions for PPS. The paucity of recent studies is not surprising since polio patients are diminishing in number. There is some hope that interventions for other similar conditions may cross over and show some utility for PPS. In lieu of further treatment options, clinicians should be comfortable educating their patients on the course of the disease and providing supportive management such as physical therapy and bracing.
Material Culture, Power, and Identity in Ancient China

In this book, Xiaolong Wu offers a comprehensive and in-depth study of the Zhongshan state during China's Warring States Period (476–221 BCE). Analyzing artefacts, inscriptions, and grandiose funerary structures within a broad archaeological context, he illuminates the connections between power and identity, and the role of material culture in asserting and communicating both. The author brings an interdisciplinary approach to this study. He combines and cross-examines all available categories of evidence, including archaeological, textual, art historical, and epigraphical, enabling innovative interpretations and conclusions that challenge conventional views regarding Zhongshan and ethnicity in ancient China. Wu reveals the complex relationship between material culture, cultural identity, and statecraft intended by the royal patrons. He demonstrates that the Zhongshan king Cuo constructed a hybrid cultural identity, consolidated his power, and aimed to maintain political order at court after his death through the buildings, sculpture, and inscriptions that he commissioned.
Utility Evaluation of the DT Starfire and DD Wildcat Reactors

Public Service Electric and Gas Company (PSE&G) has recently completed an assessment of the Wildcat d-d cycle and Starfire d-t cycle tokamak reactor designs. The purpose of the study was to assess ...
The Effects of the Relaxation Response on Nurses' Level of Anxiety, Depression, Well-Being, Work-Related Stress, and Confidence to Teach Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was threefold: to teach nurses the Relaxation Response (RR), a relaxation technique created by Benson; to measure the effects of the RR on nurses’ levels of...
Impact of Competition on Innovation When Selling through an Intermediary Retailer

We explore the impact of competition on innovation in a supply chain consisting of upstream manufacturers investing in innovation and a downstream retailer selling to consumers. We find that the competition between manufacturers induces more innovation. Moreover, the competition affects the inferior manufacturers innovation investment more than the superior manufacturers. In addition, studying the effect of complementary innovative-component manufacturers, we demonstrate that under the presence of a complementary component manufacturer, competition fosters even more innovation by all manufacturers.
Managing climate risks on the ranch with limited drought information

Abstract Ranching involves complex decision-making and risk management in the face of uncertainty about climate conditions. The profitability and sustainability of ranching depend heavily on sufficient and timely rainfall for rangeland forage production. As a result, ranchers may either adopt conservative long-term stocking strategies as a hedge against drought or practice a more dynamic approach in which they vary stocking rates and supplemental feed in response to drought. Yet, some strategies require more information about climate risks than is often available to ranchers. We review the literature to draw out the drought management options as well as the tools and products for drought monitoring and early warning that are available to ranchers. We find that a large gap remains between the information needs of ranchers seeking to adapt dynamically to drought and the information that is available. Moreover, even when actionable information is available, it is unclear whether ranchers are optimally incorporating that information into their risk management decisions. Further research is needed to understand how to package existing information into risk management decision tools in a way that addresses cognitive and operational barriers to support timely decisions that will reduce the impact of drought on profits and the long-term sustainability of rangelands. Due to the multi-faceted nature of climate risk management in ranching, further study of ranching behavior and decisions has the potential to bring new insights into climate risk management and decision and risk theory far beyond the field of ranching and agriculture.
Sculpting light to reveal brain function.

New techniques enable simultaneous optogenetic stimulation and calcium imaging from ensembles of tens of neurons in vivo. Improved opsins are localized to the cell body, minimizing spurious activation of the optically unresolvable neuropil. Two-photon light pulses are sculpted in space, time, and wavelength to efficiently target the desired cells.
Imaging of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease in Children

■ Two-view pelvic radiographs remain the primary diagnostic tool when there is clinical suspicion for Legg–Calve–Perthes (LCP) (limited evidence).
LATERAL NONUNIFORMITIES (LNU) OF OXIDE AND INTERFACE STATE CHARGE

A method is described for determining the distribution density of charge LNU in MOS capacitors. The method involves freezing the initial occupation of interface states with rapid C-V measurements at low temperatures. The charge-distribution density is then readily deconvolved from the C(V) data using an FFT computer analysis. Results obtained for a radiation “soft” MOS capacitor with nearly ideal initial characteristics before irradiation show—after 10 5 rads—large charge LNU with a half-width spread of about 3 · 10 12 cm -2 . The apparent increase of interface state density near mid-gap is in excess of 10 12 cm -2 eV -1 when LNU is not considered. It is shown that when the LNU is taken into account, an alternate explanation can be simply the contribution of interface states near the band edges. This ambiguity raises serious questions on the proper interpretation of the apparent phenomena of interface state generation during radiation and electrical stress.
Using Transactional Analysis in the College Learning Center

(1975). Using Transactional Analysis in the College Learning Center. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 8, Proceedings of the Eight Annual Conference of the WCRA. College Learning Skills Today and Tomorrowland, pp. 45-51.
Integrated sequence and gene expression analysis of mouse models of breast cancer reveals critical events with human parallels

Abstract Mouse models have an essential role in cancer research, yet little is known about how various models resemble human cancer at a genomic level. However, the shared genomic alterations in each model and corresponding human cancer are critical for translating findings in mice to the clinic. We have completed whole genome sequencing and transcriptome profiling of two widely used mouse models of breast cancer, MMTV-Neu and MMTV-PyMT. This genomic information was integrated with phenotypic data and CRISPR/Cas9 studies to understand the impact of key events on tumor biology. Despite the engineered initiating transgenic event in these mouse models, they contain similar copy number alterations, single nucleotide variants, and translocation events as human breast cancer. Through integrative in vitro and in vivo studies, we identified copy number alterations in key extracellular matrix proteins including Collagen 1 Type 1 alpha 1 (Col1a1) and Chondroadherin (CHAD) that drive metastasis in these mouse models. Importantly this amplification is also found in 25% of HER2+ human breast cancer and is associated with increased metastasis. In addition to copy number alterations, we observed a propensity of the tumors to modulate tyrosine kinase mediated signaling through mutation of phosphatases. Specifically, we found that 81% of MMTV-PyMT tumors have a mutation in the EGFR regulatory phosphatase, PTPRH. Mutation in PTPRH led to increased phospho-EGFR levels and decreased latency. Moreover, PTPRH mutations increased response to EGFR kinase inhibitors. Analogous PTPRH mutations are present in lung cancer patients and together this data suggests that a previously unidentified population of human lung cancer patients may respond to EGFR targeted therapy. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the complete genomic landscape of a mouse model and illustrate the utility this has in understanding human cancers.
Variation of plant species richness at different spatial scales

It is now realized that the variation in species richness is influenced by spatial and temporal scales. Pattern and scale are a central focus in ecology and biogeography. The species richness relationship depends on the scale of study and their correlated factors. The broad objective of this review is to elucidate how different scales are correlated with different explanatory variables to generate patterns of species richness. Addressing the problem of scale has both fundamental and applied importance in understanding variation in species richness along gradients. The understanding of pattern, its causes, and consequences is central to our understanding of processes such as succession, community development, and the spread and persistence of species. According to the hierarchical theory of species diversity there are mainly three categories of scales: local, landscape and regional. The local species richness or α-diversity is the diversity of individual stands. The β-diversity or species change is turnover between two elevational bands or between two plots or two sites. The regional or γ-diversity is the total richness of whole mountains or study systems and it has a combined influence from α- and β-diversity. The local species richness is affected by both local-scale processes (e.g., internal interactions) and broad-scale processes (e.g., evolutionary). Different explanatory variables according to the scales of study are necessary to explain variation at different spatial scales. Local factors (e.g., disturbance, grazing and tree cover) have been used to detect variation at a local scale. Generally, topographical factors are used to detect variation in species richness at a landscape scale; whereas climate, water-energy dynamics and historical processes are used to detect variation at a regional scale. However, it is not easy to separate strictly one scale from other because there is no clear boundary between them. The study of the whole elevation gradient from tropical to alpine zone or long latitude is a broad-scale study. The intermediate scale is a study on a local mountain, which covers the subtropical to warm temperate zones. To explain patterns of species richness, a pluralistic body of hypotheses, which incorporates historical, biological and climatic factors, is needed. This is depicted by the strong relationship between climate, biological interactions, and historical processes in influencing variation in species richness at different spatial scales.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2017) 11: 49–62
Maxilloturbinal Aids in Nasophonation in Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)

Horseshoe bats (Family Rhinolophidae) show an impressive array of morphological traits associated with use of high duty cycle echolocation calls that they emit via their nostrils (nasophonation). Delicate maxilloturbinal bones inside the nasal fossa of horseshoe bats have a unique elongated strand-like shape unknown in other mammals. Maxilloturbinal strands also vary considerably in length and cross-sectional shape. In other mammals, maxilloturbinals help direct respired air and prevent respiratory heat and water loss. We investigated whether strand-shaped maxilloturbinals in horseshoe bats perform a similar function to those of other mammals, or whether they were shaped for a role in nasophonation. Using histology, we studied the mucosa of the nasal fossa in Rhinolophus lepidus, which we compared with Hipposideros lankadiva (Hipposideridae) and Megaderma lyra (Megadermatidae). Using micro-CT scans of 30 horseshoe bat species, we quantified maxilloturbinal surface area and skull shape within a phylogenetic context. Histological results showed horseshoe bat maxilloturbinals are covered in a thin, poorly vascularized, sparsely ciliated mucosa poorly suited for preventing respiratory heat and water loss. Maxilloturbinal surface area was correlated with basicranial width, but exceptionally long and dorsoventrally flat maxilloturbinals did not show enhanced surface area for heat and moisture exchange. Skull shape variation appears to be driven by structures linked to nasophonation, including maxilloturbinals. Resting echolocation call frequency better predicted skull shape than did skull size, and was specifically correlated with dimensions of the rostral inflations, palate, and maxilloturbinals. These traits appear to form a morphological complex, indicating a nasophonatory role for the strand-shaped rhinolophid maxilloturbinals. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.
Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection Using Wavelet Transform and Ensemble Logistic Regression

Drowsy-driver-related accidents has increased in recent years. Research and systems development aim to reduce traffic-accident-related injuries and fatalities. These potentially life-saving systems must operate in a timely manner with the highest precision. In the past two decades, researchers proposed method based on driving pattern changes, driver body position, and physiological signal processing patterns. There is a focus on human physiological signals, specifically the electrical signals from the heart and brain. In this paper, we are presenting an alternative method to determine and quantify driver drowsiness levels using a physiological signal that was collected in a non-intrusive method. This methodology utilizes heart rate variation (HRV), electrocardiogram (ECG), and machine learning for drowsiness detection. Thirty subjects were recruited and ECG data was collected as each subject drifted off to sleep and while sleeping for a duration of between four and eight hours of normal sleep. After using the continuous wavelet transform for the feature extraction, a new feature selection was executed using ensemble logistic regression (ELR), which achieved an average accuracy of 92.5% using data acquired from thirty subjects in an average of 21 s. Successful application of this drowsiness detection method may help prevent traffic accidents.
How much Latin should a rabbi know? State finance and rabbinical education in nineteenth-century France

In 1829, the French government authorized the establishment of anofficial national rabbinical academy charged with creating amodern French rabbinate that would facilitate the integration ofFrench Jewry. The most effective method of achieving this goal,however, remained the subject of continuous debate, both withinthe government and within the Jewish Consistory (the officialJewish administration of France) which oversaw the school operation. State involvementintensified after 1831, when the government assumed theresponsibility for the Jewish religious budget. Thereafter, therabbinical school budget depended upon the government's politicaland financial support. Under these circumstances, the Jewish administration neededto pay careful attention to government expectations for theschool and its students. The study of Latin and Greekconstituted one of the focal points for debate between theConsistory and the State, and generated discussion within bothgovernment and Jewish circles. Rabbinical students studiedclassical languages as a regular part of their education; thedegree of emphasis placed upon these subjects, however, variedover time. This article argues that the Latin issue gainedgreater importance as a result of the financial relationshipbetween Judaism and State in nineteenth-century France, and thatthis relationship gave the State considerable leverage in shapingthe curriculum at the French rabbinical school. For schooladministrators, these political and budgetary issues necessitateda course of study delicately balanced between government andJewish ideological goals and the practical realities of running arabbinical school.
Price Determinants of Performance-Tested Bulls over Time

We estimate the values of bull phenotypic traits, performance measurements, and expected progeny differences (EPDs) over time using bull sale data from an auction in Tennessee from 2006 to 2016. Moreover, we determine how a state partial-cost reimbursement program for bulls with certain EPDs affects bull sale price. Purebred seed stock producers in this region should focus on selling large, fast-growing, mature bulls that produce lighter calves for reduced calving stress. The state cost-share payment did not significantly increase bull prices in most years, meaning this payment was retained by cow-calf producers in most years.
Relationship of vocal fold atrophy to swallowing safety and cough function in Parkinson's disease.

Objectives When swallowing function is compromised in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), cough plays a crucial role in clearing the airway and preventing pulmonary complications. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of vocal fold atrophy severity as measured by the bowing index (BI) on airway protection in PD. Methods Thirty participants with PD completed measures of voluntary and reflex cough. Flexible laryngoscopy with endoscopic evaluation of swallowing allowed for measurement of BI using ImageJ software. Swallowing safety was scored on the Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS). Regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to test our study aim. Results Twenty-four of 30 participants had some degree of vocal fold atrophy (BI >0). When controlling for age, disease duration did not significantly influence BI. BI was not predictive of any sensorimotor parameters of cough including measures of cough airflow, reflex cough threshold, or urge to cough. BI discriminated participants with near-normal (PAS 1-3) swallowing safety from participants with impaired (PAS 4-8) swallowing safety (P = .01, sensitivity: 87.0%, specificity: 71.4%, cutoff value BI >4.6). Conclusion Vocal fold atrophy is a potential factor contributing to poor swallowing safety in PD. BI was not associated with cough function in this PD cohort, contrary to prior studies that have shown improved cough measures after vocal fold augmentation. Vocal fold atrophy in PD remains an important area of study as a targetable intervention for patients with airway protective dysfunction. Future studies should include measures of glottic closure during vocal fold adduction. Level of evidence Level 3 Laryngoscope, 130:303-308, 2020.
Multi-species comparisons of snakes identify coordinated signalling networks underlying post-feeding intestinal regeneration

Several snake species that feed infrequently in nature have evolved the ability to massively upregulate intestinal form and function with each meal. While fasting, these snakes downregulate intestinal form and function, and upon feeding restore intestinal structure and function through major increases in cell growth and proliferation, metabolism and upregulation of digestive function. Previous studies have identified changes in gene expression that underlie this regenerative growth of the python intestine, but the unique features that differentiate this extreme regenerative growth from non-regenerative post-feeding responses exhibited by snakes that feed more frequently remain unclear. Here, we leveraged variation in regenerative capacity across three snake species-two distantly related lineages ( Crotalus and Python) that experience regenerative growth, and one ( Nerodia) that does not-to infer molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal regeneration using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Using a comparative approach, we identify a suite of growth, stress response and DNA damage response signalling pathways with inferred activity specifically in regenerating species, and propose a hypothesis model of interactivity between these pathways that may drive regenerative intestinal growth in snakes.
District agency in implementing instructional reform: A comparative case study of global education

As instructional reforms are shifting focus from reading and math achievement towards social–emotional learning and challenging coursework that prepares students for college, careers, and citizenship, this study addresses how leaders in two school districts actively served as mid-level implementers of global education, an instructional reform that extends teaching and learning beyond traditionally tested subject areas. This qualitative comparative case study of global education implementation in two school districts found that leaders in both districts strategically supported global education implementation by generating will, building capacity, and re-orienting the organization, but differed in specific strategies they deployed based upon preferences for top-down or top-and-bottom approaches to systems change. Common strategies found in both cases point to specific ways that district leaders can exert agency in supporting teaching and learning that prepares students with the twenty-first century skills needed to thrive in a pluralistic, interconnected world, and raises new questions about which district-level implementation approaches are most effective in enacting change in schools and classrooms.
Sound and fury? Film score and the geopolitics of instrumental music

Abstract Political geography has devoted substantial attention to visual popular culture. Where the aural has been considered, this has generally been through the spoken-word (e.g. radio) or lyrics (e.g. popular music). The geopolitics of instrumental music – music without words – is yet to be considered in depth. This article provides an outline of how such media might be approached, building on affectual analyses of sound in human geography. In particular, it examines the example of instrumental film score. It suggests that, rather than just providing background to the visual component of film, score provides a key mode through which geopolitical knowledges are communicated. Through case studies of musical constructions of identity/difference from three geopolitical periods – World War Two, the Cold War, and the War on Terror – this article makes the case for adding instrumental musical literacy to political geography's methodological toolkit.
Tough Choices: Program Elimination Decisions in Higher Education

Financial and demographic factors and trends are coming together to create the perfect storm for institutions of higher education. This paper briefly discusses these two factors and then address program evaluation strategies and elimination decisions as a cost-control mechanism.
Running the STEM Gauntlet: The Complicity of Four-Year Universities in the Transfer Penalty.

Students who transfer between institutions of higher education often experience a transfer penalty or a decrease in the odds of degree completion. While the transfer pathway is deemed a responsibility shared between 2- and 4-year institutions, failures in the transfer process are typically attributed to community colleges. The aim of this study was to examine the post-transfer experiences of STEM community college transfer students with particular emphasis placed on how institutional policies and practices at 4-year institutions contributed to the transfer penalty and poorer attainment rates of this population. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
Clinical research of infants less than three months with kawasaki disease

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and prognosis of infants less than three months with kawasaki disease (KD).Methods Clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and follow-up of the infants less than 3 months diagnosed with KD and hospitalized from Jan 2009 to Jan 2012 in Capital Institute of Pediatrics were collected and reviewed.Results Fourteen infants less than 3 months were diagnosed as KD during recent 3 years.Among them 8 cases were diagnosed as typical KD,6 cases as incomplete KD.The infants with KD had clinical features as fever longer than 5 d (14/14),cervical lymphadenopathy (11/14),rash (11/14),extremity changes (9/14),mucositis (10/14),conjunctivitis (5/14).Infants with incomplete KD had fever longer than 5 d (6/6) and extremity changes (4/6),cervical lymphadenopathy (3/6),rash (3/6).But fewer infants (2/6) had extremity changes later than 2 weeks.It was difficult to diagnose atypical KD earlier.More than half (8/14) of all the infants with KD had complications,6/14 had damaged liver function.Nearly all the cases (12/14) received intravenous immunoglobulin 1 g/.(kg·d) within 10 d of presentation.The coronary artery lesion was found in 2 infants during hospitalization.2 cases were found to have CAL during the follow-up after discharge from the hospital.The coronary artery lesion of the 4 infants recovered during follow-up.Conclusion Infants less than 3 months have higher rate of incomplete KD.All infants with KD should be followed-up and monitored for the coronary artery lesion. Key words: Kawasaki disease; Clinical manifestations; Follow-up; Coronary artery lesion; Infant
Assessment of postoperative nausea and vomiting after bariatric surgery using a validated questionnaire

Abstract Background Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is known to occur after bariatric surgery, with over two thirds of patients affected. However, variability exists in how to objectively measure PONV. Objectives The goals of the present study were to use a validated, patient-centered scoring tool, the Rhodes Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching to measure the severity of PONV after bariatric surgery, to directly compare PONV between patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB), and to identify risk factors for the development of PONV after bariatric surgery. Setting Barnes-Jewish Hospital/Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America. Methods The Washington University Weight Loss Surgery team prospectively surveyed patients from January 1, 2017 to December 1, 2018 at the following 6 different timepoints: postoperative day (POD) 0, POD 1, POD 2, POD 3 to 4, the first postoperative outpatient visit (POV 1: POD 5–25), and the second postoperative visit (POV 2: POD 25–50). At each timepoint, a cumulative Rhodes score was calculated from the sum of 8 questions. The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program database was used to collect patient demographic characteristics and perioperative clinical data. Results A total of 274 patients met study criteria and completed 605 Rhodes questionnaires. Two hundred fifty Rhodes questionnaires were completed by patients after SG and 355 were completed by patients after LRYGB. Total Rhodes scores are statistically higher in LSG patients compared with patients who underwent LRYGB (LSG = 5.45 ± 6.27; LRYGB=3.08 ± 4.19, P = .0002). Additionally, at the earlier timepoints, scores were higher among patients who underwent LSG than those who had undergone LRYGB as follows: POD 0 (LSG = 6.96 ± 6.50; LRYGB=2.89 ± 2.90, P = .0115), POD 1 (LSG = 8.20 ± 6.76; LRYGB=2.88 ± 3.44, P Conclusions This is the largest study using a validated nausea and vomiting questionnaire to objectively measure PONV after bariatric surgery. The factors found to be most associated with increased PONV were LSG and female sex. Ultimately, these data can help bariatric surgery programs, including Washington University Weight Loss Surgery, identify patients who may require more intensive treatment of PONV, particularly POD 0 to 2, and help to identify patients that continue to struggle with PONV in the later surgical recovery phase.
Transformative instruction or old wine in new skins? Exploring how and why educators use HyperDocs

Abstract HyperDocs are interactive, digital teaching and learning materials created, disseminated, and remixed by educators. To date, HyperDocs have not been the subject of published, peer-reviewed research. To address this research gap, we engaged in exploratory, primarily qualitative research to systematically examine how and why teachers use HyperDocs. We used an online survey to gather data on educators’ (N = 261) uses of and perceptions regarding HyperDocs. Analysis suggested a wide range of definitions of, purposes for, and approaches to HyperDoc use, indicating that educators are adapting HyperDocs to their practice in myriad ways. Consistent with the openness and flexibility in finding, remixing, and using HyperDocs, educators identified a number of benefits of using these tools in their practice, including changes in student engagement and learning, shifts in instructional design and delivery, and changes in their own support and dispositions. Analysis of examples of HyperDocs shared by a subset of participants suggested some mismatch between rhetoric about HyperDocs and what was actually incorporated into them. We discuss these findings in relation to the work of educators and the future of research on HyperDocs and other crowdsourced teaching and learning initiatives.
Tunable photonics based on the phase transition in vanadium dioxide

The phase transition in vanadium dioxide (VO2) has been widely studied for applications in electronics and photonics. This talk will describe the optical properties of VO2 from the visible to the far-infrared ranges, and present tunable devices that utilize the phase transition in this material, including tunable absorbers, optical filters, thermal emitters, optical limiters, and limiting diodes.
Digital Holography for Laser Weapons and Remote Sensing

Digital holography may replace Shock Hartmann imagers for long range, deep turbulence wavefront sensing. System efficiency can exceed 30%, depending on source coherence.