cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing heap error behavior in embedded JVM environments

Recent studies have shown that transient hardware errors caused by external factors such as alpha particles and cosmic ray strikes can be responsible for a large percentage of system down-time. Denser processing technologies, increasing clock speeds, and low supply voltages used in embedded systems can worsen this problem. In many embedded environments, one may not want to provision extensive error protection in hardware because of (i) form-factor or power consumption limitations, and/or (ii) to keep costs low. Also, the mismatch between the hardware protection granularity and the field access granularity can lead to false alarms and error cancellations. Consequently, software-based approaches to identify and possibly rectify these errors seem to be promising. Towards this goal, this paper specifically looks to enhance the softwareýs ability to detect heap memory errors in a Java-based embedded system. Using several embedded Java applications, this paper first studies the tradeoffs between reliability, performance, and memory space overhead for two schemes that perform error checks at object and field granularities. We also study the impact of object characteristics (e.g., lifetime, re-use intervals, access frequency, etc.) on error propagation. Considering the pros and cons of these two schemes, we then investigate two hybrid strategies that attempt to strike a balance between memory space and performance overheads and reliability. Our experimental results clearly show that the granularity of error protection and its frequency can significantly impact static/dynamic overheads and error detection ability.
Electrical property improvement of electrically conductive adhesives through in-situ replacement by short-chain difunctional acids

To improve the electrical properties of electrically conductive adhesives (ECAs), short-chain difunctional acids, such as malonic acid (acid M), adipic acid (acid A), and terephthalic acid (acid T) were introduced into a typical isotropic conductive adhesive formulation. By in-situ replacement of the commonly used surfactant-stearic acid in silver(Ag) flakes, such difunctional acids can increase the conductivity of ECAs. With the addition of malonic acid and adipic acid, which only have short chain single-bond hydrocarbon between the dicarboxylic groups, the conductivity of the typical conductive adhesives was improved significantly. Terephthalic acid, however, deteriorates the conductivity due to the rigid aromatic structure in the molecule. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermomechanical study indicated the improved electrical properties with malonic and adipic acids were achieved without negatively affecting the mechanical and physical properties of ECAs.
Tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from hospital patients

Hospital isolates of Escherichia coli resistant to tetracycline (TC) were studied to identify mechanisms which regulate TC resistance levels and ability to transfer TC resistance. Antibiotic resistance patterns, resistance levels to TC, and ability to transfer TC resistance were determined for the isolates. Similar data were obtained for the transferable plasmids after transfer to several new host strains of E. coli. Of the 110 isolates, 50% were able to transfer TC resistance by conjugation. There was a nearly linear relationship between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TC for the hospital strains and the percentage of strains at a given MIC that could transfer TC resistance. The strains that were simultaneously resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and ampicillin had relatively high MICs of TC and high ability to transfer TC resistance. These results and surveys of TC-resistant E. coli by others suggest that TC resistance levels and transmissibility may be influenced by other resistance markers. The isolates which did not transfer TC resistance by conjugation were tested for the presence of TC resistance plasmids by mobilization or by transformation with deoxyribonucleic acid from the isolates. Evidence for plasmid-mediated TC resistance was found in 92 (84%) of the 110 hospital strains.
The first experience in teaching psychiatry.

For seven years, first year residents in psychiatry have been followed in their initial teaching effort. In the most recent group studied, five residents who taught psychology of adolescence to undergraduate education majors initially experienced considerable anxiety, followed by immediate relief, a progressive sense of mastery and enthusiasm, and a reluctance to end the elective. At the conclusion, all reported that the experience was extremely worthwhile and wished to continue teaching to try out new ideas. All of twenty undergraduate students who responded to an anonymous questionnaire rated their resident-instructor “above average” in comparison with previous instructors in high school and college, and 45 percent rated him “one of the best.” The faculty documented the residents' learning by behavioral changes over the observational period.In our experience, brief but active involvement in teaching has proven to be the best starting point. Educators as supervisors help the resident bypass threatening i...
Is parasitoid acceptance of different host species dynamic

Summary Parasitoid acceptance of host individuals that differ in suitability is dynamic, varying with physiological state and experience. Female parasitoids with high egg loads and low life expectancy (i.e. time limited) are more willing to accept hosts with low suitability for progeny development than females with low egg loads and high life expectancy (i.e. egg limited). However, studies of dynamic acceptance behaviour in parasitoids have only considered high- vs. low-suitability host individuals within the same host species. Here, we report the first results on whether acceptance of individuals from different host species that vary in suitability is also dynamic, using two aphid parasitoid species in the genus Aphelinus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Stressors (starvation and age) and experience that increase time limitation did not affect the acceptance of low-suitability host species by two Aphelinus species with reciprocal specificities. Oviposition in a high-suitability host species increased with egg load, but did not vary with egg load for females exposed to low-suitability host species. This is an unexpected pattern since it results in proportionally higher acceptance of low-suitability hosts with decreasing egg load. The stability of behavioural host specificity in these parasitoids under very stressful conditions might be explained by (i) frequent transient egg limitation, (ii) higher fitness from egg resorption than oviposition or (iii) neural constraints on host recognition. If neural constraints restrict the ability of these specialists to change their behaviour under stress, we predict that generalist species of Aphelinus should show greater dynamism in acceptance of low-suitability hosts. We are testing this prediction using Aphelinus species with very broad host ranges.
Hypermedia Use in Group Work: Changing the Product,Process, and Strategy

Hypermedia structures have been integrated with CSCW functionality to develop the DOLPHIN system, an electronic meeting room environment. In this paper, a study is reported investigating how the DOLPHIN environment affects group work. Different aspects of group problem solving were examined to understand the effects of working with hypermedia: the group‘s product, cognitive factors, and the group process. The results showed that groups can easily work with hypermedia structures, and that these structures influence groups to produce a different product, to use a different strategy, and to use a different collaborative style, namely of dividing up their labor. The experimental results are explained in a model which suggests the involvement of both procedural and semantic components in hypermedia use. We discuss wider implications of hypermedia for CSCW and group work.
Maternal infanticide associated with mental illness: prevention and the promise of saved lives.

OBJECTIVE: Although maternal infanticide is a rare event, a high proportion of cases occurs in the context of postpartum mental illness. The author reviews historical, legislative, and contemporary psychiatric perspectives on infanticide and discusses ways in which the psychiatric community can improve prevention of infanticide and promote appropriate treatment of mentally ill women who commit infanticide. METHOD: The case of Texas v. Andrea Yates, involving a mother with mental illness who drowned her five children, is used to illustrate society’s complicated reactions to infanticide in the context of postpartum mental illness. RESULTS: In the United States, the complexity of the response to infanticide is demonstrated by the judicial system’s reaction to such cases. Whereas England’s Infanticide Law provides probation and mandates psychiatric treatment for mothers with mental illness who commit infanticide, “killer mothers” may face the death penalty in the United States. Contemporary neuroscientific fi...
Fluids and frequency dependent seismic velocity of rocks

Summary Compressional and shear velocities of rocks are dependent on frequency and this dispersion may be significant even within the seismic band. The amount and position of dispersion will be largely a function of fluid properties, distribution, and motion in the pores. Velocities are thus directly coupled to rock permeability and pore compliance. Propagation often will be in the high frequency regime, even at a few tens of Hertz. Static, or low frequency models such as Gasmann will fail under such conditions. In addition, Biot theory will not correctly model wave propagation in many cases.
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6): A novel treatment for pancreatic cancer

Background Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is a naturally occurring polyphosphorylated carbohydrate found in food sources high in fiber content. IP6 has been reported to have significant inhibitory effects against a variety of primary tumors including breast and colon. The effects of IP6 have not been evaluated in pancreatic cancer. We hypothesized that IP6 would significantly inhibit cell growth and increase the apoptotic rate of pancreatic cancer in vitro. Materials and methods Two pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIAPACA and PANC1) were cultured using standard techniques and treated with IP6 at doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 m m . Cell viability was measured by MTT at 24 and 72 h. Apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin V-FITC and results calculated using FACS analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. Results Significant reductions (P Conclusions Treatment of pancreatic cancer with the common dietary polyphosphorylated carbohydrate IP6 significantly decreased cellular growth and increased apoptosis. Our findings suggest that IP6 has the potential to become an effective adjunct for pancreatic cancer treatment. Further in vivo and human studies are needed to evaluate safety and clinical utility of this agent in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Tilt Table Testing: Concepts and Limitations

Recurrent unexplained syncope is a common and often frustrating clinical problem. Over the last decade, head upright tilt table testing has emerged as an important diagnostic method for the identification of individuals whose syncope is likely to be neurocardiogenic in origin. At the same time, tilt table testing, by providing syncopal episodes in a controlled setting, has allowed for a much greater understanding of these disorders. This article reviews the concepts behind tilt table testing, as well as the uses and limitations of the evolving diagnostic modality.
Anti-angiogenic effects of interleukin-12 delivered by a novel hyperthermia induced gene construct

Purpose: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine possessing anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic properties. This study quantitatively assessed the anti-angiogenic effect of IL-12 delivered using an adenoviral vector with murine IL-12 placed under control of a heat shock promoter. This approach limits systemic toxicity by restricting IL-12 delivery locally to the tumour. The kinetics of the downstream cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interferon inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and other molecules affecting angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were also studied.Materials and methods: 4T1 tumours were grown in Balb/C mice and the AdhspmIL-12 construct was injected intra-tumourally. The tumours were heated after 24 h using a water bath. At various time points post-heating the tumours were collected and quantitatively assessed for cytokine production and vascularity.Results: A significant reduction was seen in the tumour vasculature of th...
A Survey of Adaptive Optimization in Virtual Machines

Virtual machines face significant performance challenges beyond those confronted by traditional static optimizers. First, portable program representations and dynamic language features, such as dynamic class loading, force the deferral of most optimizations until runtime, inducing runtime optimization overhead. Second, modular program representations preclude many forms of whole-program interprocedural optimization. Third, virtual machines incur additional costs for runtime services such as security guarantees and automatic memory management. To address these challenges, vendors have invested considerable resources into adaptive optimization systems in production virtual machines. Today, mainstream virtual machine implementations include substantial infrastructure for online monitoring and profiling, runtime compilation, and feedback-directed optimization. As a result, adaptive optimization has begun to mature as a widespread production-level technology. This paper surveys the evolution and current state of adaptive optimization technology in virtual machines.
Polarization of the Radiation Reflected and Transmitted by the Earth’s Atmosphere

The polarization of the reflected and transmitted radiation is calculated for a realistic model of the earth’s atmosphere at five wavelengths ranging from 0.27 μ to 1.67 μ. The single scattering matrix is calculated from the Mie theory for an aerosol size distribution appropriate for our atmosphere. The solar photons are followed through multiple collisions with the aerosols and the Rayleigh scattering centers in the atmosphere by a Monte Carlo method. The aerosol number density as well as the ratio of aerosol to Rayleigh scattering varies with height. The proportion of aerosol to Rayleigh scattering is adjusted for each wavelength; ozone absorption is included where appropriate. The polarization is presented as a function of the zenith and azimuthal angle for six values of the earth’s albedo, two values of the solar zenith angle, and four values of the total aerosol concentration. In general the polarization decreases as the wavelength increases and as the total aerosol concentration increases (because of the increasing importance of aerosol scattering). In most situations the polarization is much more sensitive than the radiance to changes in the parameters which specify the atmosphere.
Towards sustainable infrastructure management: knowledge-based service-oriented computing framework for visual analytics

ABSTRACT Infrastructure management (and its associated processes) is complex to understand, perform and thus, hard tomake ecient and eective informed decisions. The manageme nt involves a multi-faceted operation that requiresthe most robust data fusion, visualization and decision making. In order to protect and build sustainable criticalassets, we present our on-going multi-disciplinary large-scale project that establishes the Integrated Remote Sens-ing and Visualization (IRSV) system with a focus on supporting bridge structure inspection and management.This project involves specic expertise from civil engin eers, computer scientists, g eographers, and real-worldpractitioners from industry, local and federal government agencies.IRSV is being designed to accommodate the essential needs from the following aspects: 1) Better under-standing and enforcement of complex inspection process that can bridge the gap between evidence gatheringand decision making through the implementation of ontological knowledge engineering system; 2) Aggregation,representation and fusion of complex multi-layered heterogeneous data (i.e. infrared imaging, aerial photos andground-mounted LIDAR etc.) with domain application knowledge to support machine understandable recom-mendation system; 3) Robust visualization techniques with large-scale analytical and interactive visualizationsthat support users decision making; and 4) Integration of these needs through the exible Service-orientedArchitecture (SOA) framework to compose and provide services on-demand.IRSV is expected to serve as a management and data visualization tool for construction deliverable assuranceand infrastructure monitoring both periodically (annually, monthly, even daily if needed) as well as after extremeevents.Keywords: Infrastructure Management, Remote Sensing, Visual Analytics, Ontological Engineering, Service-oriented Architecture
Identification of Systems With Regime Switching and Unmodeled Dynamics

This paper is concerned with persistent identification of systems that involve deterministic unmodeled dynamics and stochastic observation disturbances, and whose unknown parameters switch values (possibly large jumps) that can be represented by a Markov chain. Two classes of problems are considered. In the first class, the switching parameters are stochastic processes modeled by irreducible and aperiodic Markov chains with transition rates sufficiently faster than adaptation rates of the identification algorithms. In this case, tracking real-time parameters by output observations becomes impossible and we show that an averaged behavior of the parameter process can be derived from the stationary measure of the Markov chain and can be estimated with periodic inputs and least-squares type algorithms. Upper and lower error bounds are established that explicitly show impact of unmodeled dynamics. In contrast, the second class of problems represents systems whose state transitions occur infrequently. An adaptive algorithm with variable step sizes is introduced for tracking the time-varying parameters. Convergence and error bounds are derived. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the algorithm.
Transfer-appropriate processing in recognition memory: perceptual and conceptual effects on recognition memory depend on task demands.

Research examining the importance of surface-level information to familiarity in recognition memory tasks is mixed: Sometimes it affects recognition and sometimes it does not. One potential explanation of the inconsistent findings comes from the ideas of dual process theory of recognition and the transferappropriate processing framework, which suggest that the extent to which perceptual fluency matters on a recognition test depends in large part on the task demands. A test that recruits perceptual processing for discrimination should show greater perceptual effects and smaller conceptual effects than standard recognition, similar to the pattern of effects found in perceptual implicit memory tasks. This idea was tested in the current experiment by crossing a levels of processing manipulation with a modality manipulation on a series of recognition tests that ranged from conceptual (standard recognition) to very perceptually demanding (a speeded recognition test with degraded stimuli). Results showed that the levels of processing effect decreased and the effect of modality increased when tests were made perceptually demanding. These results support the idea that surface-level features influence performance on recognition tests when they are made salient by the task demands.
A STUDY OF SOME CERAMIC BODIES CONTAINING TALC

Fluxing agents used in most steatite bodies contain alkalis which lower the electrical resistivity of these insulators. Attempts were made to obtain a vitreous steatite composition by additions of oxides containing no alkalis. The effect of grain size, liquids, and varying pressures was determined to obtain the best mixture which would produce the lowest absorption when fired to cone 14, and to this mixture the various oxides were added. The absorption and shrinkages were obtained after firing to cones 13 and 14.
Tax Policy and International Competitiveness

This article discusses the role of tax policy in improving the international competitiveness in improving the international competitiveness of U.S. industries. The existing U.S. tax law governing the activities of multinational companies has been developed in a patchwork fashion, with the result that current law can result in circumstances that harm the competitiveness of U.S. companies. In addition to their economic implications, the international tax rules are among the most complex in the code, with the result that they are both costly and difficult for companies to comply with and challenging for the IRS to administer. Indeed the current U.S. international tax rules should be reviewed with an eye to reducing their complexity and removing impediments to U.S. international competitiveness.
Effects of recombinant human IGF-I on glucose and leucine kinetics in men

To examine the effects of recombinant human (rh) insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin, and saline on metabolic parameters, we studied 20 young nonobese healthy men. Euglycemic clamps with 240-min IGF-I infusions at two doses (49 and 33 pmol.kg-1 x min-1, n = 8 and 12 subjects) were performed and compared with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (2.25 pmol.kg-1 x min-1, n = 9). Leucine and glucose kinetics were examined with L-[1-13C]leucine and [3-3H]glucose. Glucose rate of appearance (Ra) declined equivalently in the 49 pmol.kg-1.min-1 IGF-I and insulin clamps but remained at basal levels during the 33 pmol.kg-1 x min-1 IGF-I infusions. In contrast, Rd of glucose was increased by 176% in the 49 pmol.kg-1 x min-1 IGF-I and 78% in the 33 pmol.kg-1 x min-1 IGF-I infusions. Furthermore, to prevent hypoglycemia after the termination of both rhIGF-I infusions, it was necessary to infuse glucose for an additional 2-20 h. Ra of leucine was suppressed significantly by both IGF-I and insulin, whereas leucine oxidation was not affected by either hormone. Therefore, the rate of disappearance of leucine expressed as the difference between Ra and oxidation rates was significantly reduced in all clamps. In addition, IGF-I significantly suppressed beta-cell secretion without affecting the other glucoregulatory hormones. In contrast to insulin, IGF-I had no apparent effect on lipolysis, as measured by changes in nonesterified fatty acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cystic and Pseudocystic Lesions of the Pancreas

Cystic lesions of the pancreas are presently receiving increased attention, both in the clinical setting and in the literature. Such lesions are being detected with ever increasing frequency given the continually improving spatial resolution of computed tomography. The presence of a cystic pancreatic lesion often represents a diagnostic dilemma; while most lesions are generally incidental in nature, a minority of these lesions may be potentially malignant. Aside from neoplastic lesions, post-inflammatory lesions can further complicate the differential diagnosis. The combination of medical history, demographic factors, and imaging characteristics can aid the radiologist when providing management recommendations. Most importantly, state-of-the-art magnetic resonance techniques currently offer unparalleled characterization of these lesions.
Recent advances in supported employment for people with serious mental illness

Purpose of reviewSupported employment is a vocational rehabilitation approach that eschews prevocational training in favor of rapid job search for competitive work and follow-along supports to sustain employment, with the individual placement and support (IPS) model being the most standardized and r
PARASITE LOAD, BODY SIZE, AND AGE OF WILD-CAUGHT MALE FIELD CRICKETS (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE): EFFECTS ON SEXUAL SELECTION.

Comparison of male field crickets (Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus) collected either by themselves (solitary) or with one or more females (paired) showed that the paired males were significantly older and significantly less parasitized by gregarines (protozoan gut parasites) than were solitary males. Body size did not differ between the two groups. These results corroborate earlier experimental findings that females are preferentially attracted to older males and suggest that the ability of less parasitized males to produce more spermatophores under laboratory conditions may also be important in the field. Calculation of sexual-selection differentials and gradients for G. pennsylvanicus did not reveal any indirect selection on body size and confirmed the strong selection on male age.
Political party formation by former armed opposition groups after civil war

ABSTRACTUnder what conditions are rebel groups successfully incorporated into democratic politics when civil war ends? Using an original cross-national, longitudinal dataset, we examine political party formation by armed opposition groups over a 20-year period, from 1990 to 2009. We find that former armed opposition groups form parties in more than half of our observations. A rebel group’s pre-war political experience, characteristics of the war and how it ended outweigh factors such as the country’s political and economic traits and history. We advance a theoretical framework based on rebel leaders’ expectations of success in post-war politics, and we argue that high rates of party formation by former armed opposition groups are likely a reflection of democratic weakness rather than democratic robustness in countries emerging from conflict.
An Analysis of Emotional Intelligence Training and Pastoral Job Satisfaction

The purpose of this qualitative research was to determine whether Canadian pastors in the ministry may be inadequately prepared in skills of emotional intelligence (EI), and if this possible lack o...
Computer Model of Complexation Inhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation

We have carried out a comprehensive analysis of the known complexation and precipitation equilibria involved in kidney fluids, with the objective of assessing the potential efficacy of various non-protein inhibitors of calcium oxalate stone formation.
The use of propensity scores in pharmacoepidemiologic research.

Purpose To describe the application of propensity score analysis in pharmacoepidemiologic research using a study comparing the renal effects of two commonly prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Method Observational data were collected on the change in renal function, as measured by serum creatinine concentration, before and after use of two NSAIDs, Ibuprofen and Sulindac. To estimate the treatment effect of the different NSAIDs, we used the propensity score methodology to reduce the potential confounding effects caused by unbalanced covariates. After estimating the propensity scores (the probabilities of each patient being prescribed Sulindac) from a logistic regression model, we stratified the data based on sample quintiles of the propensity score distribution. The final estimate of the treatment effect was then obtained by averaging the treatment estimates from the stratified samples. Results Initially, 23 covariates differed significantly between the two treatment groups. Using the propensity score methodology, we were able to balance the distributions of 16 covariates. The imbalances in the remaining seven covariates were also greatly reduced. Although the use of either drug resulted in a decrease in renal function, overall differences between them were not statistically significant with respect to their effect on creatinine concentrations based on the propensity score analysis. Conclusion Observational studies often produce treatment groups that are not directly comparable due to imbalances in covariate distributions between the treatment groups. Propensity score analysis provides a simple and effective way of controlling the effects of these covariates and obtaining a less biased estimate of the treatment effect. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidic detection of soil nitrate ions using novel electrochemical foam electrode

This paper reports on a novel sensing interface using composites of graphene foam-titanium nitride nanofibers integrated into a microfluidic sensor for measurement of soil nitrate ions. An in-situ microfabrication approach, based on liquid phase polymerization process, is developed to enable integration of the porous composite into microfluidic channels. This sensor provides an ultralow limit-of-detection of 0.01 mg/L, and a high sensitivity of 683.3 μA mg−1L cm−2 for nitrate ions. The advantageous features of composite, in conjunction with the in-situ integration approach, will enable a promising microfluidic sensor platform to monitor soil ions for nutrient management towards sustainable agriculture.
“Humane” Immigration Enforcement and Latina Immigrants in the Detention Complex:

We explore the criminalization of Latina immigrants through the interwoven network of social control created by law, the justice system, and private corporations—the immigration industrial complex....
Equity raising by Asian firms: Choosing between PIPEs and SEOs

Abstract Why do some firms raise equity capital from a small number of “private” investors (e.g. Private Investment in Public Equities–PIPE), while other firms do so from a large number of small investors (e.g. Seasoned Equity Offering–SEO)? Recent studies list market timing, asymmetric information, and financial distress as the primary motives that drive the choice of equity raising mechanism. However, these results are based exclusively on the experience of US-based firms. This study examines 456 PIPE and 1910 SEO transactions of firms based in nine Asian countries to assess if the results reported for the US-based issuers are applicable to a wider set of firms. While market timing continues to be a significant driver of how firms choose between PIPE and SEO, unlike the US issuers, there is little evidence that Asian firms in our sample make this choice based on either asymmetric information or financial distress. As with the US firms, private investment provides significant certification for PIPE issuers. Finally, we find that both the operating performance as well as the stock price returns show little improvement for both PIPE as well as SEO issuers. Moreover, the difference between performance change of PIPE issuers is statistically indistinguishable from that of SEO issuers. This implies that PIPE investors do not provide meaningful benefits to the firms they invest in. Overall, our findings suggest that determinants for choosing specific equity issuance mechanism for international firms do not overlap completely with those for US-based firms.
The Automatic Control of Cyanide Concentration in a Continuous Leach Process

Abstract This paper deals with the practical details of an installation to control automatically the cyanide concentration in a continuous gold leach circuit. The system is based on obtaining a frequent sample of the pulp solution, reacting it with excess silver nitrate, measuring the excess Ag + potentiometrically, and using the signal produced thereby to control the addition of cyanide to the circuit. Sample volumes of the cyanide and silver nitrate solutions are accurately metered by means of positive displacement pumps. The system is found to be reliable, easy to maintain and capable of precise control.
Aggressive collision avoidance with limited field-of-view sensing

Quadrotors that navigate through unknown, cluttered environments have only recently begun to emerge following the development of small form-factor sensing and computing hardware and computationally efficient collision avoidance algorithms. Computation time of planning algorithms has significantly decreased in part to using local information as opposed to using a global map for collision avoidance. Safe planning with local information, however, restricts the direction of travel to remain within the perception system's field-of-view (FOV). The vehicle's motion becomes more constrained with body-mounted narrow FOV sensors, reducing vehicle maneuverability and speed. This work presents a relaxed-constraint Model Predictive Control framework that allows motions outside the perception FOV with guaranteed safety. The key aspect of this approach is the ability to safely choose a motion primitive generated in the past. Simulation and hardware results shows the new framework improves time to goal and flight path efficiency in environments with varying levels of clutter.
Conclusion: The Auto-Heteronomy of African Literature

Accounts on the question of whether intellectual autonomy from colonial culture is desirable or even possible have tended to a pessimism, which we need not accept if we consider, as Remapping African Literature has demonstrated, the material agency of writers in exerting genuinely decolonizing counter-pressures to the forces of an apparatus that seeks to confine them. Because the discourse of African literary criticism has focused on colonial and structural determinism, it misses what I term auto-heteronomy and especially how that is more so defined by a universal regime of production.
“Periderm Disorder Syndrome”: a New Name for the Syndrome Formerly Referred to as Pink Eye

The “periderm disorder syndrome” (PDS), colloquially referred to previously as “pink eye”, is a physiological disorder caused by the death of the meristematically active layer of periderm cells (phellogen) and subsequent degeneration of the associated native periderm. This disorder occurs at a time when phellogen cell division is essential in the production of new periderm to cover and protect the expanding tuber surface and replace sloughed cells during later stages of rapid tuber growth. The characteristic degeneration and loss of periderm integrity, including the barrier provided by the suberized phellem, results in the aberrant induction of internal suberization. These aberrations often include accumulations of suberin polyphenolics (SPP) on neighboring cortical parenchyma cell walls as part of an erratic regenerative response to protect the vulnerable underlying tissues. Autofluorescence of the excessive accumulation of SPPs in cortical tissues located beneath the dysfunctional, or absent, periderm of afflicted tubers is a durable characteristic of extreme PDS. Conversely, the pinkish coloration sometimes associated with the PDS often is not present, and if present it is frequently barely discernable and ephemeral. Therefore, the pinkish coloration is not a reliable diagnostic nor does it lend itself to an appropriate name. Rather the syndrome is characterized by degeneration of the periderm and induction of erratic regenerative responses (mainly SPP accumulations) that are diagnostic and indicative of PDS. As such, “Periderm Disorder Syndrome” is a more accurate and descriptive name for this erratic and costly problem.
Recent Sporadic-E Experimental Work in the United States

Abstract This paper reports on experimental work carried out by the Central Radio Propagation Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards during the past three years utilizing the transmitting site at Long Branch, Illinois; the midpoint site at Shickley, Nebraska, and Colorado receiving sites of the National Bureau of Standards. Inconsistencies in the published literature concerning the relationship of sporadic E observed at vertical incidence with that recorded on v.h.f. oblique-incidence circuits are found to be largely explained if the different types of sporadic E are considered separately and the effect of antenna gain in the v.h.f. circuits is properly evaluated. Fading and direction of arrival are found to give substantial support to a theory of the existence of intense ionization centers for the type of sporadic E which provides TV-DX. Evidence of a moving “front” of sporadic E some 200 km in depth is derived from a multiple reflection point experiment.
Connections on foliated manifolds

The results reported here, whose detailed versions will appear in [1, 2], concern connections in bundles over a foliated manifold and the interplay between the geometry of the connection and the topology of the foliation. Here we only give the proofs of Theorems 1 and 3.
Doing Psychological Science by Hand

Over the past decade, mouse-tracking in choice tasks has become a popular method across psychological science. This method exploits hand movements as a measure of multiple response activations that can be tracked continuously over hundreds of milliseconds. Whereas early mouse-tracking research focused on specific debates, researchers have realized the methodology has far broader theoretical value. This more recent work demonstrates that mouse-tracking is a widely applicable measure across the field, capable of exposing the micro-structure of real-time decisions including their component processes and millisecond-resolution time-course in ways that inform theory. In the article, recent advances in the mouse-tracking approach are described, and comparisons with the gold standard measure of reaction time and other temporally-sensitive methodologies are provided. Future directions, including mapping to neural representations with brain-imaging and ways to improve our theoretical understanding of mouse-tracking methodology, are discussed.
The perils of interaction prediction

The availability of genome-wide maps of enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) has made it possible to use machine learning approaches to extract and interpret features that determine these interactions in different biological contexts. Multiple methods have claimed to accomplish the task of predicting enhancer-promoter interactions based on corresponding genomic features, but this problem is actually still far from being solved. In our analysis, we show that individual enhancer and promoter regions have widely different marginal interaction probabilities, e.g. propensities, which can lead to overfitting and memorization when random cross-validation is employed. Further even when a proper cross-validation scheme is adopted, a simple propensity-based model can still achieve a competitive performance without capturing any information about the EPI mechanism.
Designs for Segregating Nonrandom Variation

This chapter describes the designs for segregating nonrandom variation. Vitamin assays are subject to variation from many sources. Some of these can be controlled experimentally, and the success of an assay technique depends in large part upon their elimination. Other sources of variation can be controlled statistically by the adoption of a suitable design. By identifying the latter variables and segregating their effect, the experimental error can often be reduced materially. A technique cannot be considered as fully developed until the only variation affecting the results is the error of random sampling. One of the simplest and most effective experimental designs is that known as randomized groups or randomized blocks. It is applicable when the experimental material can be sorted in advance of testing into relatively homogeneous groups. The results of a balanced experiment are sometimes incomplete because of the loss of one or more animals. This occurred in both of the two preceding examples. Such losses destroy the balance upon which the analysis of an experiment depends for its simplicity.
Settling and Peracetic Acid for End-of-Pipe Treatment of sul 1-Carrying Indicator Organisms and Impact on Receiving Water

AbstractCombined sewer overflow (CSO) negatively impacts water quality during wet weather. An end-of-pipe treatment train with settleable particle removal and peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection was ...
Using resonant energy X-ray diffraction to extract chemical order parameters in ternary semiconductors

II–IV–V2 materials, ternary analogs to III–V materials, are emerging for their potential applications in devices such as LEDs and solar cells. Controlling cation ordering in II–IV–V2 materials offers the potential to tune properties at nearly fixed compositions and lattice parameters. While tuning properties at a fixed lattice constant through ordering has the potential to be a powerful tool used in device fabrication, cation ordering also creates challenges with characterization and quantification of ordering. In this work, we investigate two different methods to quantify cation ordering in ZnGeP2 thin films: a stretching parameter calculated from lattice constants , and an order parameter determined from the cation site occupancies (S). We use high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) to determine and resonant energy X-ray diffraction (REXD) to extract S. REXD is critical to distinguish between elements with similar Z-number (e.g. Zn and Ge). We found that samples with a corresponding to the ordered chalcopyrite structure had only partially ordered S values. The optical absorption onset for these films occurred at lower energy than expected for fully ordered ZnGeP2, indicating that S is a more accurate descriptor of cation order than the stretching parameter. Since disorder is complex and can occur on many length scales, metrics for quantifying disorder should be chosen that most accurately reflect the physical properties of interest.
Characteristics of Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Risk of Surgical Site Infections in Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Despite numerous antibiotic prophylaxis options for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), an assessment of practice patterns and comparative effectiveness is lacking. We aimed to characterize antibiotic utilization patterns and associations with infection risk and hypothesized differences in infection risk based on regimen. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed using data from 436,724 THA and 862,918 TKA (Premier Healthcare Database; 2006-2016). Main exposures were antibiotic type and duration: day of surgery only (day 0) or through postoperative day 1 (day 1). The primary outcome was surgical site infection (SSI) Results SSI prevalence was 0.21% (n = 914) for THA and 0.22% (n = 1914) for TKA. Among THA procedures, the most commonly used antibiotics were cefazolin (74.1%), vancomycin (8.4%), “other” antibiotic combinations (7.1%), vancomycin + cefazolin (5.1%), and clindamycin (3.3%). Here, 51.8% received prophylaxis on day 0 only, whereas 48.2% received prophylaxis through day 1. Similar patterns existed for TKA. Relative to cefazolin, higher SSI odds were seen with vancomycin (OR = 1.36; CI 1.09-1.71) in THA and with vancomycin (OR = 1.29; CI = 1.10-1.52), vancomycin + cefazolin (OR = 1.35; CI = 1.12-1.64), clindamycin (OR = 1.38; CI = 1.11-1.71), and “other” antibiotic combinations (OR = 1.28; CI = 1.07-1.53) in TKA. Prophylaxis duration did not alter SSI odds. Results were corroborated in sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Antibiotic prophylaxis regimens other than cefazolin were associated with increased SSI risk among THA/TKA patients. These findings emphasize a modifiable intervention to mitigate infection risk.
Effect of SrAl 2 H 2 on the Stability of MgH 2 for Hydrogen Storage Application

High-density hydrogen storage is a significant challenge for stationary, mobile and transportation applications, so the storage in solid materials remains the safest way. By performing the first-principles calculations within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and using the pseudo-potentials and plane waves based on the density-functional theory (DFT), the effect of zintl phase hydride SrAl2H2 on the stability of the magnesium dihydride compound (MgH2) is studied for an application in the field of hydrogen storage in solid materials. Their crystal structures are known and occurs in a trigonal and tetragonal respectively. Therefore; we investigated the enthalpy of formation for three reactions between MgH2 and SrAl2H2 compounds by calculating the total energies of MgSr and SrAl2 compounds. These last compounds crystalize in cubic and orthorhombic structure respectively. We also investigated the structural and the electronic properties of these compounds and discuss the chemical bond nature using total and partial density of electronic states. Our calculated results are generally in good agreement with theoretical and experimental data.
Polis en conflicto: memoria urbana del Golpe de Estado de septiembre de 1973 en Valparaíso, Chile

In Chile, on September 11, 1973, there was a Coup d’Etat that initiated a military-civic dictatorship that was extended until March 1990. The purpose of this work is to rescue the urban memory of the older population of Valparaiso regarding the development of the Coup d’Etat in the city. A fieldwork was carried out applying 32 qualitative interviews with a biographical approach. The results indicate that the memory of the city recognizes in the Coup d’Etat a milestone that fractured the polis through the rupture of the citizen political space due to military intervention. As a consequence, relations between the State and the citizenry were retained within a dictatorial framework of 17 years, providing a complex legacy of urban confrontation defined from the conflict and hostility.
Walls and a Roof: Housing for Teachers

Clayton and Katrina have had uncommonly good fortune as homeowners. Their success in housing decisions, however, is not rare and can be achieved by teachers by following the strategies outlined in this chapter. The “rent or buy” decision, housing affordability, and the idea of stretching to a bigger home than is financially comfortable are all explored. The chapter also explains the role of housing location for teachers and the tradeoffs involved when a teacher finds housing near school hard to afford. Teachers are led through the entire house-hunting process from window-shopping to the real estate closing. But even after moving in there are important economic decisions to make, including maintenance and refinancing. The chapter shows how to avoid refinancing traps and predatory lenders. By the end of the chapter it is clear that Clayton and Katrina did a lot of things right – things that most teachers can also do on their way to financial fitness.
Discovery and characterization of a cytochalasan biosynthetic cluster from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus flavipes CNL-338

Cytochalasans are a large family of well-studied cytotoxic molecules isolated from fungi. Investigation into the organic extract of the marine-derived fungal strain Aspergillus flavipes CNL-338 led to the isolation of seven leucine-containing cytochalasans. Genome mining allowed for the identification of the ffs biosynthetic gene cluster, and genetic inactivation studies verified its involvement in cytochalasan biosynthesis. In addition, comparative analysis of key residues in the binding pocket of core cytochalasan biosynthetic enzymes revealed significant similarities among fungal adenylation domains despite differences in substrate preference. We report the identification of leucine-containing cytochalasans from the marine-derived A. flavipes CNL-338 and the characterization of the ffs biosynthetic cluster as verified by genetic inactivation studies.