cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
'Get Drunk'!: Baudelaire's Defiant Liberalism

We live in a period in which liberalism is under considerable pressure.Can poems be liberal? Baudelaire’s Enivrez-Vous captures something essential about the most appealing forms of liberalism, and about its underlying spirit (captured, in different ways, by John Stuart Mill, Walt Whitman, and Bob Dylan as well): its insistence on freedom of choice, on the diversity of tastes and preferences, and on human agency. The poem is liberal in its exuberance – its pleasure in its own edginess, its defiance, its sheer rebelliousness, its sense of mischief, its implicit laughter, its love of life and what it has to offer. It is the opposite of dutiful. It is far more exuberant than Mill’s On Liberty, but it is exuberant in the same way.
Substrate-Specific Effects of Natural Genetic Variation on Proteasome Activity

The bulk of targeted cellular protein degradation is performed by the proteasome, a multi-subunit complex consisting of the 19S regulatory particle, which binds, unfolds, and translocates substrate proteins, and the 20S core particle, which degrades them. Protein homeostasis requires precise, dynamic control of proteasome activity. To what extent genetic variation creates differences in proteasome activity is almost entirely unknown. Using the ubiquitin-independent degrons of the ornithine decarboxylase and Rpn4 proteins, we developed reporters that provide high-throughput, quantitative measurements of proteasome activity in vivo in genetically diverse cell populations. We used these reporters to characterize the genetic basis of variation in proteasome activity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that proteasome activity is a complex, polygenic trait, shaped by variation throughout the genome. Genetic influences on proteasome activity were predominantly substrate-specific, suggesting that they primarily affect the function or activity of the 19S regulatory particle. Our results demonstrate that individual genetic differences create heritable variation in proteasome activity and suggest that genetic effects on proteasomal protein degradation may be an important source of variation in cellular and organismal traits.
Adaptive Efficient Weighted Least Squares With Dependent Observations

Work of Eicker [1963], Hinkley [1977] and White [1980] has established straightforward methods for consistently estimating the asymptotic covariance matrix of the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator for the parameters of the linear regression model despite the possible presence of heteroskedasticity of unknown form. In this sense, such covariance matrix estimators are “robust” to unequal scale of the regression errors. Cragg [1983] proposed parameter estimators that exploit unknown heteroskedasticity to achieve gains in relative efficiency, in the sense that Cragg’s estimators have smaller asymptotic variance than OLS. However, Cragg’s estimators are not guaranteed to have minimum asymptotic variance, so the presence of heteroskedasticity of unknown form can still have adverse consequences for the power of tests based on these estimators.
Producing a Measure of Brand Equity by Decomposing Brand-Benefit Beliefs into Brand and Attribute Sources

In 2003, P&G rolled out a new proprietary brand tracking system based on Keller's (2003) consumer-based brand equity framework. This system produces a brand equity score for all brands in the categories in which P&G competes. In this short period of time, P&G has fully embraced this new system, with managers and executives using this brand equity measure as an indicator of brand health, as well as for reward and compensation. Since its inception, P&G has already studied hundreds of brands, including all of its billion dollar brands, in more than 30 countries, and has its brands slated for continuous tracking. The survey consists of hundreds of questions that are primarily collected in check-box format, which give a general idea of how favorable consumers' beliefs are about brands. What these questions do not provide is any insight concerning how consumers arrive at those beliefs, important information that brand managers were lacking. This article incorporates two previously-published JMR articles to help P&G utilize its existing check-box survey data (Edwards and Allenby 2003) to identify which sources consumers use to develop their beliefs about brands, i.e., high-level brand or detailed attribute sources (Dillon, et al. 2001), and the implications for brand management. The authors then develop a measure of brand equity based on consumers' use of the high-level brand source and show that a significantly smaller number of questions can produce a measure of brand equity that correlates highly with that produced by P&G's current system. The major benefits to P&G are an understanding of where consumers' brand beliefs come from, and a reliable measure of brand equity at much less cost and with fewer questions. The benefit to marketing management is the implication that by using the approach described in this paper, other companies also can better understand where their consumers' brand beliefs come from, and now can develop a measure of brand equity that does not require a large complex instrument.
Resolution of Hypersomnia Following Identification and Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency

A 28-year-old woman was evaluated for 4 months of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), after an overnight polysomnogram (PSG) revealed neither sleep disordered breathing nor a sleep related movement disorder. A full sleep evaluation revealed the presence of heavy daytime napping and pervasive fatigue. Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) Score was 10/24. No features characteristic for depression or narcolepsy were present. Chronic pain in the low back and thighs, as well as chronic daily headaches were identified as potential sleep-disrupting forces. Risk factors for hypovitaminosis D included limited natural sun exposure, dark skin tone, and obesity. A 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was low, at 5.9 ng/mL. Vitamin D supplementation was initiated at a dose of 50,000 IU once weekly, and EDS improved within 2 weeks. One week later, a PSG with next-day multiple sleep latency testing (MSLT) failed to show significant pathology. At follow-up, she reported resolution of thigh pain and headaches, with a significant improvement in her low back pain syndrome. EDS had resolved, and her ESS score was 1/24. Follow-up 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was normal at 39 ng/mL. Mechanisms for her clinical improvement could include enhanced sleep quality due to resolution of hypovitaminosis D-associated noninflammatory myopathy, or a possible immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D decreasing central nervous system (CNS) homeostatic sleep pressure via its effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and/or prostaglandin D2. More research is needed to determine if patients presenting with EDS should be more broadly screened for vitamin D deficiency.
Depth Characteristics for the Electronic Futures Limit Order Book

Prior literature provides limited information on the depth characteristics of futures markets, especially for U.S. exchanges, due to the lack of historical depth data from floor trading. A proprietary database remedies this problem by providing a five-deep electronic futures limit order book. Our results show a large amount of depth beyond the best level, as well as more concentrated activity during the day than the night. We document symmetry between the bid and ask sides of the book, although no evidence of equality between the depth levels exists. Most important is that our results often contradict equity depth research. Overall, the structure of the limit order book helps us to understand the depth allocation by active traders in futures markets. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:542–560, 2015
The Institute for Multicultural Research and Social Work Practice

This article addresses the significant role multicultural social work institutes can play in the development of social work practice. Such an institute can be a powerful source for researching, eva...
Asphyxia at Birth as Determined by Cord Blood pH Measurements in Preterm and Term Gestations: Correlation With Neonatal Outcome

Normal cord blood gas parameters were statistically defined, depending on the presence or absence of labor, in a group of 243 uncomplicated term and preterm infants. There were no differences in cord blood gas and acid-base measurements between preterm and term infants. However, patients delivered before the onset of labor had significantly higher cord blood pH values, in both artery and vein, as compared with those who underwent a spontaneous vaginal delivery and those delivered by cesarean section after the onset of labor. Subsequently, 442 patients were analyzed after taking into account the presence or absence of labor. It was found that acidemic infants had a significantly higher frequency of neonatal complications as compared to nonacidemic infants: neonatal death rate, 17% vs. 8%; intraventricular hemorrhage/seizures, 33% vs. 8%; severe respiratory distress syndrome, 46% vs. 11%; ventilatory support over a 1-week duration, 29% vs. 12%; mean days of ventilator, 7.6 vs. 3.9; 1-min Apgar scores < 6, 5...
Sleep homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster

Study objectives The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is emerging as a promising model system for the genetic dissection of sleep. As in mammals, sleep in the fruit fly is a reversible state of reduced responsiveness to the external world and has been defined using an array of behavioral, pharmacologic, molecular, and electrophysiologic criteria. A central feature of mammalian sleep is its homeostatic regulation by the amount of previous wakefulness. Dissecting the mechanisms of homeostatic regulation is likely to provide key insights into the functions of sleep. Thus, it is important to establish to what extent sleep homeostasis is similar between mammals and flies. This study was designed to determine whether in flies, as in mammals, (1) sleep rebound is dependent on prior time awake; (2) sleep deprivation affects the intensity, in addition to the duration, of sleep rebound; (3) sleep loss impairs vigilance and performance; (4) the sleep homeostatic response is conserved among different wild-type lines, and between female and male flies of the same line. Design Motor activity of individual flies was recorded at 1-minute intervals using the infrared Drosophila Activity Monitoring System during 2 baseline days; during 6, 12, and 24 hours of sleep deprivation; and during 2 days of recovery. Sleep was defined as any period of uninterrupted behavioral immobility lasting > 5 minutes. Sleep continuity was measured by calculating the number of brief awakenings, the number and duration of sleep episodes, and a sleep continuity score. Vigilance before and after sleep deprivation was assessed by measuring the escape response triggered by 2 different aversive stimuli. Setting Fly sleep research laboratory at UW-Madison. Participants and interventions Adult flies of the Canton-S (CS) strain and 116 other wild-type lines (> or = 16 female and > or = 16 male flies per line). Measurements and results In wild-type CS flies, as in mammals, the amount of sleep recovered after sleep deprivation was dependent on prior time awake. Relative to baseline sleep, recovery sleep in CS flies was less fragmented, with longer sleep episodes, and was associated with a higher arousal threshold. Sleep deprivation in CS flies also reduced performance. Sleep duration and continuity increased after 24 hour of sleep deprivation in all the other wild-type lines tested. Conclusion The sleep homeostatic response in fruit flies is a stable phenotype and shares most of, if not all, the major features of mammalian sleep homeostasis, thus supporting the use of Drosophila as a model system for the genetic dissection of sleep mechanisms and functions.
Theory-based physical activity beliefs by race and activity levels among older adults

Objective. Given the benefits of physical activity and the high proportion of inactivity among older adults, the purpose was to elicit theory-based behavioral, normative, and control physical activity beliefs among 140 educationally and economically diverse older adults and compare their beliefs by race (Blacks vs. Whites) and physical activity levels (inactive/underactive vs. highly active individuals).Design. This was an elicitation study that took place in eight, mostly rural community settings in a Southeastern US state, such as Council of Aging Offices, retirement centers, and churches. Participants’ behavioral, normative, and control beliefs were elicited via in person interviews. A valid and reliable questionnaire was also used to assess their physical activity levels.Results. According to the content analysis, inactive/underactive participants reported fewer physical activity advantages than highly active participants. Common physical activity advantages between the two groups were overall health,...
Vaccines: Boon or Bane -- A Nurse's Outlook

As a profession, nurses work with the health care community to ensure safe and effective vaccine practices for all population groups while educating vaccine-leery patients and families. However, today’s nurses, along with other health care professionals, face the challenge of disputing many myths and misconceptions regarding childhood and adult vaccinations. Nurses have the opportunity, with their education and trusted communication skills, to play an important part in restoring the triumphant vaccine boon of the twentieth Century to its previous prestige and “replace” the twenty-first century vaccine bane. This chapter will discuss the many vaccine education, advocacy, and leadership roles of registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in a variety of health care settings.
Comparative compressibilities of calcite-structure carbonates; deviations from empirical relations

Room-temperature volume measurements of the complete set of calcite-structure carbonates in the pressure range 0-8.1 GPa revealed systematic differences in compressibilities that depend on cation type, resulting in significant deviations from empirical relations of an inverse linear correlation between K o and V o . The bulk modulus for MgCO 3 lies approximately 18 GPa below the trend for the 3d transition metal carbonates, which show an expected inverse linear correlation of bulk modulus with ambient cell volume (and M-O bond length). The bulk modulus of CdCO 3 , whose M-O bond length and cell volume are only slightly smaller than those of CaCO 3 , lies up to 10 GPa above the trend of the 3d transition metal carbonates and about 30 GPa above that of calcite. These deviations in compressibility trends as a function of cell volume (or M-O bond length) are expressed as differences in a axis compressibility but not in c axis compressibility, which shows a nearly linear increase with M-O distance. Hence, systematic behavior is apparently limited to subsets of carbonates in which metal ions share the same valence electron character (i.e., s vs. 3d vs. 4d) and is primarily attributed to unexpected compressibility differences along the a axis. Crystal-field effects, beyond those reflected in the M-O distances, cannot account for the observed compressibilities. Nonbonded interactions also fail to explain the deviations from predicted trends. Variations of electronegativity and vibrational frequency with ionic radius for the relevant metal ions show differences that are qualitatively similar to the observed trends of bulk modulus, suggesting that differences in bonding character may contribute to the different behaviors among the subsets of calcite-structure carbonates. However, it is most likely that a combination of factors is necessary to account fully for the observed behavior.
The influence of glutamine, its decomposition products, and glutaminase on the transformation of human and mouse lymphocytes

The extent of blast transformation for human and BALB/c mouse lymphocytes has been examined over a wide range of glutamine concentrations with several agents which initiate blastogenesis. Maximum [3H] thymidine incorporation was seen at 0.5 mM glutamine for lymphoid tissues stimulated in the following manner: human and BALB/c splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin, BALB/c splenic lymphocytes with lipopolysaccharide, and BALB/c vs C3H/HeJ two-way mixed lymphocyte cultures. The inhibition of blastogenesis exerted by glutamine concentrations greater than 0.5 mM could not be reversed by washing and reculturing the cells at 0.5 mM glutamine. To elucidate the reason for inhibition by higher glutamine concentrations, the products of spontaneous glutamine decomposition, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid and ammonia were tested for their in vitro influence on BALB/c splenocyte blastogenesis. Pyrrolidone-carboxylic acid, in concentrations up to 5 mM, was without effect. In contrast, ammonia concentrations exceeding 1 mM became increasingly more inhibitory. The genesis of inhibitory levels of ammonia in culture medium was confirmed and has been considered as primarily responsible for inhibiton by high glutamine. Addition of Escherichia coli glutaminase (pH optimum 4.9) to cultures of BALB/c splenocytes or human peripheral blood lymphocytes had no effect on either the extent of blastogenesis of these tissues or the glutamine levels in their culture medium.
SU‐GG‐T‐39: Grid‐Based Boltzmann Solver (GBBS) vs TG‐43 for Ir‐192 HDR Intracavitary Brachytherapy: A Retrospective Dosimetric Study

Purpose: To determine dosimetric differences between a grid‐based Boltzmann solver (GBBS) and TG‐43 for a cohort of HDR cervical cancer cases treated using the CT/MR Fletcher‐Suit‐Delclos (FSD) type applicator. Method and Materials:Dose distributions from a cohort (n=10) of cervical cancer patients treated with the VS2000 192Ir HDR source were analyzed retrospectively using the BrachyVision‐Acuros v8.8 TPS. A single physician contoured the rectum and bladder. 6 Gy was prescribed to point A. Doses were recorded for ICRU rectal and bladder points as well as vaginal surfaces. Rectum, bladder, and entire dose grid DVHs were visually assessed and compared at relevant points. Dose grids were exported to IDL to calculate mean voxel percent differences. Average, minimum, and maximum percent dose differences are reported for 1) D2cc and D90 for rectum and bladder and for 2) dose grid mean voxel percent difference. Results: Visual inspection of DVH showed lateral shifting of GBBS curves to lower doses. The shifting was noticeable for dose levels within 4 Gy. Percent difference results from the DVH output: D2cc‐Rectum: −2.1%(mean) [−3.0%(min), −0.5%(max)]; D90‐Rectum: −2.3% [−7.5%, 4.6%]; D2cc‐Bladder: −0.7% [−1.8%, 0.7%]; D90‐Bladder: −4.4% [−7.0%, −2.2%]. All ICRU points studied had dose differences within −3.3% relative to TG‐43. The average of the mean voxel percent difference for the entire dose grid was −1.3% and ranged from −3.7% to 1.2%. Visualization of individual percent difference maps overlaid on CT revealed lower GBBS doses behind contrast filled balloon in the bladder. Conclusions: For this cohort of patients that underwent intracavitary HDR brachytherapy with the CT/MR FSD applicator, the GBBS calculated dose to clinical reference points and hot spots (D2cc) was within 3.3% of TG‐43. Over the entire dose grid, however, lateral shifting of DVHs to lower doses was observed. This may be partially due to contrast filled balloon in bladder.
VERITAS: Visualization Environment Research In The Applied Sciences

VERITAS (Visualization Environment Research In The Applied Sciences) involves the design and development of tools for the creation of user environments for scientific computing systems. The initial goal has been to provide a tool-based environment in which a scientist can easily and rapidly construct, with no programming effort, a powerful customized graphical user interface to an existing scientific application. The ultimate goal is to support in a similar interactive, high-level way the development of the entire scientific application system by the scientist, to allow a tighter integration of the application model and the graphical interface. The project involves research and development in visualization and interactive data presentation techniques, knowledge representation and management systems, and high-level specification and programming languages.
A method for using blocked and event-related fMRI data to study “resting state” functional connectivity

Abstract Resting state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) has become a particularly useful tool for studying regional relationships in typical and atypical populations. Because many investigators have already obtained large data sets of task-related fMRI, the ability to use this existing task data for resting state fcMRI is of considerable interest. Two classes of data sets could potentially be modified to emulate resting state data. These data sets include: (1) “interleaved” resting blocks from blocked or mixed blocked/event-related sets, and (2) residual timecourses from event-related sets that lack rest blocks. Using correlation analysis, we compared the functional connectivity of resting epochs taken from a mixed blocked/event-related design fMRI data set and the residuals derived from event-related data with standard continuous resting state data to determine which class of data can best emulate resting state data. We show that, despite some differences, the functional connectivity for the interleaved resting periods taken from blocked designs is both qualitatively and quantitatively very similar to that of “continuous” resting state data. In contrast, despite being qualitatively similar to “continuous” resting state data, residuals derived from event-related design data had several distinct quantitative differences. These results suggest that the interleaved resting state data such as those taken from blocked or mixed blocked/event-related fMRI designs are well-suited for resting state functional connectivity analyses. Although using event-related data residuals for resting state functional connectivity may still be useful, results should be interpreted with care.
TOLLBOOTH OPERATORS' RESPONSE TO TRAFFIC NOISE AND THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL HEADSET: SURVEY RESULTS

Two surveys were administered to tollbooth employees working at a toll collection plaza located in Indiana. The first was used to evaluate employees' subjective response to the ambient noise levels in their occupational environment. The results confirmed that ambient noise is perceived as undesirable and hampers communication between operators and patrons. In the second survey tollbooth attendants were asked to evaluate a specific type of open ear active noise control headphone and rate its performance with respect to noise reduction, speech intelligibility, and comfort. The results showed that the active headset effectively reduced ambient noise, but its ability to improve speech intelligibility could not be demonstrated. Additionally, the active headset was found to cause slight discomfort.
Viewing Michigan's Digital Future: Results of a Survey of Educators' Use of Digital Video in the USA

Digital video is a growing and important presence in student learning. This paper reports the results of a survey of American educators in Michigan (n = 426) conducted in spring 2008. The survey included questions about educators’ attitudes toward the streaming and downloadable video services available to them in their schools. The survey results showed that educators mainly used digital video to introduce and to conclude learning experiences. These educators, who predominantly used the Web‐based unitedstreaming TM digital video service, relished the service’s content breadth, short clips and potential to foster instructional innovation. However, many survey respondents reported concerns about internet connection bandwidth, projection capabilities and lack of end‐user control over on‐demand download and manipulation. Educators viewed school‐level Information and Communications Technology policies, bandwidth capacity and lack of support personnel as the causes of these difficulties. Because little research...
Prediction of polymer PVT behavior using the group contribution lattice‐fluid EOS

A scheme has been developed using the group contribution lattice-fluid equation of state (GCLF-EOS) to predict the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) behavior of polymers in the amorphous state. The model requires only the structure of the molecule as input information. Prediction results with an average error of 2% have been obtained for a wide variety of polymers. A table of 23 different group contributions is presented. With this set of group parameters, the GCLF-EOS can be applied in the prediction of equation of state properties of a wide variety of homopolymers, random copolymers, and polymer blends. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of Extracellular Calcium on the Modulation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 Alpha (mGluR1α) by L-Quis, (S)-Mcpg, Cpccoet and Ro 67-4853

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α), known as a member of the family C GPCRs, couples to Gq and modulates consequent PLC activity, IP3 accumulation and intracellular Ca2+ release from ER lumen. mGluR1α is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system and has been shown to be responsible for the slow phase of the action potential in post-synaptic neurons, and to be involved in chronic neuronal degenerative diseases, like Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. We have predicted a potential Ca2+ binding site adjacent to the binding site previously reported for the endogenous agonist, glutamate, and receptor antagonists. In this study, we have applied single cell imaging and a radioactive binding assay to probe the effects of extracellular calcium in modulating various drugs modulating mGluR1α such as agonists, antagonists and allosteric modulators. We have shown that extracellular Ca2+ enhances the activation of the the receptor by its agonists and positive allosteric modulators by interacting with the Ca2+ binding site. In addition, extracellular Ca2+ differentially reduces the inhibition of the receptor by antagonists and negative allosteric modulators. Our studies open a new avenue for modulating drug effects and developing novel drugs against neurodegenerative diseases.
Existence and stability of co-axial and meshed double-walled armchair silicon nanotubes

Abstract A systematic study of armchair double-walled Si nanotubes (DWNT) ( n , n )@( m , m ) (3≤ n ≤6; 7≤ m ≤12) using the finite cluster approximation is presented. The geometries of the tubes have been spin optimized with an all electron 3–21 G ⁎ basis set and the B3LYP functional. Analysis of the electronic structure properties of these tubes has also been performed with a larger basis set. The study indicates that the stabilities of the Si nanotubes are of the same order as those of single-walled Si nanotubes. It should be possible to experimentally synthesis both single-walled and double-walled Si nanotubes. The binding energy per atom or the cohesive energy of the nanotubes depends not only on the number of atoms but also on the coupling of the constituent single-walled nanotubes. Nanotubes with small interlayer separations, called meshed tubes, do not hold the coaxial cylindrical structure after optimization. The SiNTs ( n , n )@( n +3, n +3) are found to have large formation energies and binding energies per atom. For example, (3, 3)@(6, 6), (4, 4)@(7, 7), (5, 5)@(8, 8), and (6, 6)@(9, 9) all have large binding energies per atom, around 3.7 eV/atom. All Si nanotubes are found to be semiconductors. However, the band gap, in general, is observed to decrease from single walled nanotubes to double walled nanotubes.
Biomass and Genotype × Environment Interactions of Populus Energy Crops in the Midwestern United States

Using Populus feedstocks for biofuels, bioenergy, and bioproducts is becoming economically feasible as global fossil fuel prices increase. Maximizing Populus biomass production across regional landscapes largely depends on understanding genotype в environment interactions, given broad genetic variation at strategic (genomic group) and operational (clone) levels. A regional network of Populus field tests was established in the Midwest USA in 1995, 1997, and 2000 to assess relative productivity of 187 clones grown at Westport, Minnesota; Waseca, Minnesota (only 2000); Arlington, Wisconsin; and Ames, Iowa. We evaluated biomass potential throughout plantation development and identified clones with yield substantially greater than commercial controls (Eugenei, NM6).
Diagnosing and correcting student's misconceptions in an educational computer algebra system

Using powerful Computer Algebra programs for mathematics education has been steadily gaining popularity, regardless of inherent user-unfriendliness exhibited by such systems. Algebrator [4, 5] is a CAS specifically designed to teach high-school algebra. Despite its limited domain (or may be because of it), it has proven to be useful to students requiring mastery of basic algebra skills. Algebrator's CA engine is but a small part of the whole system; larger portion of it deals with the way in which the system as an electronic tutor engages the student in the learning process. In this paper we will focus on Algebrator's error diagnostic capability and teacher-directed generation of appropriate remedial tutoring sessions.
Radiotherapeutic management and results of T1N0, T2N0 carcinoma of the oral tongue: evaluation of boost techniques.

Abstract This paper presents the total experience of radiation therapy of early carcinoma of the oral tongue at the Massachusetts General Hospital over a span of 25 years. External beam radiotherapy with various boost techniques were used including interstitial implant, and intra-oral cone (IOC) using kilovoltage (250 kV HVL 1.53 mm Cu) radiations or low megavoltage electron beam. We evaluated our results of boost techniques for treatment of patients with T1NO and T2NO lesions and determined the 5-year actuarial local control rates of these treatment methods. From 1960–1978, 49 patients were treated by implant and 20 by intra-oral cone kilovoltage radiation. From 1979–1985, 73 patients were treated by intra-oral cone electron beam with minimal follow-up of 2 years. The 5-year actuarial local control rates for T1N0 and T2NO lesions showed 54% after implant, 50% after intra-oral cone kilovoltage, and 86% after intra-oral cone electron beam boost with a p value of 0.0001. For the T1N0 lesions, the corresponding rates were 77%, 62%, and 90%, and for T2NO lesions the rates were 54%, 43%, and 85%, respectively. In the absence of a prospective randomized trial, direct comparison of various boost techniques is not possible due to selection factor for therapy, increased clinical and technical expertise, and improvement in equipment. Therefore, no definitive conclusions can be made regarding optimum "boost" therapy. The data presented herein suggest that intra-oral cone electron beam boost technique is superior to interstitial implant for boosting early carcinoma of the tongue.
Comparison of chlordecone effects on autoimmunity in (NZBxNZW) F1 and BALB/c mice

It has been shown previously that chronic treatment with relatively low doses of chlordecone accelerates the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in ovariectomized female (NZBxNZW) F(1) mice. In this study, the effect of chronic chlordecone treatment on SLE was evaluated in ovary-intact female (NZBxNZW) F(1) mice, as well as in female mice from a strain that is not lupus-prone, BALB/c. Chlordecone was administered chronically via implanted sustained-release pellets, and mice were monitored over time for the appearance of elevated autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA and anti-chromatin) and for the development of renal impairment, both indicators of SLE. Chlordecone treatment in (NZBxNZW) F(1) mice shortened significantly the time to onset of elevated autoantibody titers and renal disease in a dose-related manner. The doses required to produce this effect were similar to those observed previously to accelerate SLE development in ovariectomized females. Treatment of female BALB/c mice with chlordecone for up to one year did not produce elevated autoantibody titers or renal disease, suggesting an inability of chlordecone to cause a break in tolerance in this strain. These observations confirm the ability of chronic chlordecone to influence SLE, but demonstrate the importance of genetic background for this effect.
A modified turchini technic for the differential staining of nucleic acids.

The preparation of the 9-methyl-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone reagent for the selective staining of both desoxyribose and ribose nucleic acids is described. With slight variations this method follows the Duckert (1937) modification of the Liebermann and Lindenbaum (1904) reaction.The present modification of the Turchini et al. (1944) staining procedure has been used on human autonomic ganglia fixed in Bouin's fluid, rat tissues, fixed in Bouin's, Zenker's, formol and for-mol-saline fixatives and mouse liver frozen and dried. The modified Turchini method has been examined primarily for its qualitative reliability by means of the following procedure. Ribonuclease treated sections were compared with adjacent sections immersed in distilled water. In succeeding steps half of these sections were stained by the modified Turchini process and the other half by Einarsson's gallocyanin chrome alum. Evidence gleaned from this and other tests indicates that 9-methyl-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone may be used for the select...
Coronary artery hyalinosis in rats fed allylamine

Abstract Different concentrations of allylamine in corn oil or as a fumarate salt was fed to 75 rats for periods up to 284 days. A majority of these rats developed focal hyalinosis of the proximal coronary arteries and conspicuous medial edema of the smaller branches together with myocardial infarction. Repeated attempts to produce comparable arterial hyalinosis in other parenchymatous organs were unsuccessful. Intimal cartilagenous plaques in the aortic arch were seen in 18 test rats. Coronary arteritis and intimal fibrosis usually produced by parenteral administration of allylamine to dogs did not develop when the durg was fed in the diet to rats. On the basis of a limited and focal arterial involvement and the character of cytologic alterations observed in the media of the coronary arteries, there is a suggestion that the smooth muscle fibers are selectively injured. Prolonged ingestion of allylamine therefore promotes a focal degeneration of the coronary arteries which closely resembles the morphologic alterations seen in aging rats.
On a theorem of Hermite and Hurwitz

Abstract The Hermite-Hurwitz theorem computes the degree, over R , of a real rational function ƒ in terms of the signature of an associated quadratic form—known today as the Hankel matrix of ƒ. This formula, which Hermite was led to by his work on the problem of representing integers as sums of squares, gave rise to striking applications in the theory of equations and in the stability theory of ordinary differential equations. In this paper, this theorem and various generalizations to the matrix-valued case are discussed and described in terms of signature formulae. These include its relation to stability theory and the matrix Hermite-Hurwitz theorem of Bitmead-Anderson as applied to questions of circuit synthesis. This also includes a global form of Hormander's signature formula for the Maslov index of a rational loop in a Lagrangian Grassmannian, due to Byrnes and Duncan, and applications to the topology of spaces of rational matrix-valued functions, following the work of Brockett, Byrnes, and Duncan. This includes, in particular, a topological proof of the matrix Hermite-Hurwitz theorem.
Increasing Physical Therapy Equipment Preparation Using Task Clarification, Feedback and Environmental Manipulations

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to increase completion of tasks related to morning preparation procedures among 2 full-time and 4 part-time employees at a physical therapy clinic. A functional assessment was conducted to aid in the development of the treatment package consisting of graphic feedback, task clarification, and equipment manipulations. Later, graphic feedback was replaced with verbal feedback from the manager to facilitate maintenance of the intervention by the manager. During baseline, the mean checklist completion percentage was 18.4% and 56.5% for the therapy area and the hygienic activity area, respectively. This improved to 82.1% and 90.3% during the first intervention phase and remained above baseline levels at 75.6% and 100% during the second intervention phase. The results of this study suggest that the package intervention derived from the assessment was effective at increasing preparation task completion. Performance maintained above baseline levels at a three-month follow-up ...
Factors in Pinus ponderosa and Calocedrus decurrens mortality in Yosemite Valley, USA

Management practices over the past 100 years, especially fire exclusion and suppression, in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, CA resulted in forest stands with basal areas in excess of 110 m2 ha-1. Accelerated attack by several species of bark beetles (Scolytidae) followed a severe drought in 1976–77. Pinus ponderosa, already under attack by root rot (Heterobasidion annosus) was affected severely, and mortality exceeded 70%. Calocedrus decurrens did not suffer comparable mortality and has replaced P. ponderosa as the dominant species. Size class distributions as well as comparisons of relative density and relative basal area from 1961, 1976 and 1983–85 also demonstrate a major change in forest composition. This change is most pronounced on alluvial landforms.
Interrelationship of chemical characterization and rheological behaviour of coal liquefaction bottoms

Abstract In the development of the Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) process, bituminous and subbituminous coals have been processed in a one ton-per-day coal liquefaction pilot plant using the feed coal slurried with solvent and with or without bottoms recycle. The liquefaction bottoms from both once-through and bottoms recycle operation exhibit non-Newtonian viscometric behaviour. The recycled bottoms, however, are more viscosity/shear dependent, less viscosity/temperature dependent and more thermally stable than the once-through bottoms. Chemical characterization of these bottoms reveals that alkyl and phenoxy groups are important functional groups responsible for the viscometric behaviour of bottoms. The increase of bottoms viscosity is postulated to involve the elimination/condensation of methylene units are phenolic functional groups to form the crosslinkages of large aromatic clusters.
Planning multicenter clinical trials: A biostatistician's perspective

Abstract In the planning and management of multicenter clinical trials, the role of the biostatistician has been expanded beyond that of a passive statistical consultant to medical researchers. The biostatistician is a full member of the planning committee from the outset and assumes active participation and direction in protocol development and general study management. This article provides a discussion of this role from the perspective of the coordinating center biostatistician.
Genres of Organizational Communication: A Structurational Approach to Studying Communication and Media

Drawing on rhetorical theory and structuration, this article proposes genres of organizational communication as a concept useful for studying communication as embedded in social process rather than as the result of isolated rational actions. Genres (e.g. the memo, the proposal, and the meeting) are typified communicative actions characterized by similar substance and form and taken in response to recurrent situations. These genres evolve over time in reciprocal interaction between institutionalized practices and individual human actions. They are distinct from communication media, though media may play a role in genre form, and the introduction of new media may occasion genre evolution. After the genre concept is developed, the article shows how it addresses existing limitations in research on media, demonstrates its usefulness in an extended historical example, and draws implications for future research.
HREM of compound semiconductors

Abstract The application of high-resolution electron microscopy to the study of different structures and defects in compound semiconductors is illustrated. The study of epilayers and interfacial dislocations is illustrated for GaAs/Al x Ga 1- x As and GaSb/InAs superlattices. A new method for preparing well defined grain boundaries in GaAs is reported together with new observations of defects produced by ion implantation and annealing of GaAs/Al x Ga 1- x As superlattices is discussed. A brief comparison is made between simulated images for a conventional 125 kV machine and a 400 kV machine with 0.18 nm point-to-point resolution.
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibitors Exert Pharmacological Effects, but Lack Antinociceptive Efficacy in Rats with Neuropathic Spinal Cord Injury Pain

Amelioration of neuropathic spinal cord injury (SCI) pain is a clinical challenge. Increasing the endocannabinoid anandamide and other fatty acid amides (FAA) by blocking fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has been shown to be antinociceptive in a number of animal models of chronic pain. However, an antinociceptive effect of blocking FAAH has yet to be demonstrated in a rat model of neuropathic SCI pain. Four weeks following a SCI, rats developed significantly decreased hind paw withdrawal thresholds, indicative of below-level cutaneous hypersensitivity. A group of SCI rats were systemically treated (i.p.) with either the selective FAAH inhibitor URB597 or vehicle twice daily for seven days. A separate group of SCI rats received a single dose (p.o.) of either the selective FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 or vehicle. Following behavioral testing, levels of the FAA N-arachidonoylethanolamide, N-oleoyl ethanolamide and N-palmitoyl ethanolamide were quantified in brain and spinal cord from SCI rats. Four weeks following SCI, FAA levels were markedly reduced in spinal cord tissue. Although systemic treatment with URB597 significantly increased CNS FAA levels, no antinociceptive effect was observed. A significant elevation of CNS FAA levels was also observed following oral PF-3845 treatment, but only a modest antinociceptive effect was observed. Increasing CNS FAA levels alone does not lead to robust amelioration of below-level neuropathic SCI pain. Perhaps utilizing FAAH inhibition in conjunction with other analgesic mechanisms could be an effective analgesic therapy.
A Collaborative-Comparative Approach to Learning Qualitative Data Analysis

ABSTRACT The literature on qualitative research offers the novice two strategies for learning analysis: (1) “trust” that you will “somehow” make sense out of qualitative material, or (2) follow a predetermined set of analytic steps and stages. A problem with the first approach is that it does not take into account the wide variety of qualitative analysis projects researchers undertake or differences in how individuals approach the interpretation of qualitative material. A problem with the second approach is that it does not maximize the learning potential possible from making explicit and sharpening the learner's own interpretive framework. In this paper we describe a third alternative: a collaborative-comparative approach to analyzing qualitative materials. This approach uses a group-based model of learning and explicitly capitalizes upon differences in group member interpretive styles to enhance learning qualitative methods of research.
Effects of wind speed and gas exchange parameterizations on the air-sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

[1] During the recent GasEx-2001 cruise in the Equatorial Pacific aboard the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown, carbon measurements were made in the region of 3°S, 125°W. Continuous surface water fCO2 measurements were conducted onboard in both underway and discrete analysis modes. During the 15-day experiment, surface water fCO2 values averaged 473 ± 2 μatm, providing a constant condition of supersaturation and flux of CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere. The relationship of gas transfer with wind speed developed in this study is used along with regional estimates of air-water fCO2 differences to determine CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific. The regional fCO2 fields are estimated from algorithms developed from previous measurements collected on the Ronald H. Brown and Ka'imimoana over the past 10 years between 5°N and 10°S, 90°W and 165°E. Using the W. McGillis et al. gas transfer-wind speed relationship, we estimate an average flux of 1.5 ± 0.4 mol C m−2 yr−1 for the study region, with a six-fold difference in the regional efflux of CO2 between the strong El Nino events of 1986–1987 and 1997–1998 and the La Nina events of 1996 and 1999–2001 (i.e., 0.1 to 0.56 Pg C yr−1). The combined effects of uncertainties in the gas transfer velocity and wind fields lead to average difference of 27% between the lowest and highest estimates of the CO2 flux from the region. In contrast, the uncertainties in the fCO2-SST relationships give an average difference of about 35% between the lowest and highest estimates of the CO2 flux.
Intramolecular and intermolecular interactions in polystyrene solutions

A series of small angle neutron scattering experiments on polystyrene solutions was used for measurement of radius of gyration, screening length, and an interaction volume as a function of concentration. The results were compared with predictions from scaling theory. In all cases, experiment and theory are in modest disagreement.
Fluid motions in the solar chromosphere-corona transition region. I - Line widths and Doppler shifts for C IV

Matrices of line profiles for C IV, lambda1548, observed with a 3'' aperture and sampled in 3'' intervals in active and quiet solar regions, show a pronounced tendency for line width to increase with increasing redshift. The correlation between incresing central intensity of the line and increasing redshift demonstrated by some authors is clearly present in these data but is weakened by the not infrequent occurrence of regions of strong redshift but with low intensity. Sunspots show both systematically narrower line profiles over umbral areas and strong redshifts on their Sun-center side. The latter result is consistent with a reverse Evershed effect.
ANN-TREE: a hybrid method for pattern recognition

Here we present a hybrid method of generating a hierarchical recognition system based on example learning. The method is 'hybrid' in that it uses both conventional Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Network techniques. The integrated hierarchical recognition system, called IHKB (integrated hierarchical knowledge base), has a tree structure consisting of nodes and leaves. Each node is indexed by an attribute set and contains a small Kohonen network (KN). Each leaf represents a recognition class. The system uses a conceptual function to instruct the process of attribute choosing. Whenever a suitable attribute set is obtained for a certain group of training examples, a small Kohonen net is built and trained with those examples. This allows the machine to focus on special features of these training examples and thus to better describe the special characteristics of these patterns. Typically, there are many KNs in a IHKB, the number depending on the number of attribute sets. The position of each KN in the tree is fixed automatically. When the construction is complete, the training examples are classified by Kohonen nets, and recognition is achieved by a path from the root of the tree to a leaf. The method has been tested on individual handwritten character recognition, showing that high recognition rates can be achieved given enough training examples.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.