cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partitioning of Sediments Among Shoreface Transport Paths: Analysis of Sediment Dispersal Patterns Using Empirical Orthogonal Functions: ABSTRACT

Recent geomorphic evidence from the inner shelf and shoreface to the east of Long Island's barrier island system indicates that reworking of glacial outwash deposits at the inner shelf-shoreface transition, as sea level rises, may be supplying much of the sediment needed to maintain barrier islands to the west. A conceptual model describing sediment dispersal from outwash source areas was developed from this hypothesis. It was reasoned that outwash sediments ranging from silts to coarse gravels would be subject to differential transport paths across and along the shoreface upon reworking. Coarser grain sizes would move onshore toward the intertidal beach, whereas finer sediments would move offshore. Sand of intermediate grain size would be concentrated in the surf zone an move alongshore in wave-generated longshore currents. To test this model, 400 samples from the beach and shoreface of Long Island were analyzed for grain-size frequency distribution and each grain-size class was examined for frequency of occurrence in the cross-shore and alongshore directions. On a spatially averaged basis, grain-size classes displayed peak abundance in specific zones across the shoreface as predicted by the model, but alongshore trends could not be recognized among the "noisy" data. Therefore, empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) were used to examine uncorrelated (orthogonal) modes of variability in the occurrence of each grain-size class in the alongshore direction. The first function, representing more than 60% of the variability among the data, showed that grain sizes subject to longshore transport in the surf zone i crease in frequency in the alongshore direction relative to coarser grain sizes. Results also show that peak concentrations of coarse sediments correspond to zones subject to frequent overwashing. It is concluded that EOF analysis of individual grain-size classes holds promise for extracting trends from noisy data sets. End_of_Article - Last_Page 318------------
Grade III radial collateral ligament injuries of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint: treatment by soft tissue advancement and bony reattachment.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to report the results of intact radial collateral ligament (RCL) soft tissue sleeve advancement with bony reattachment without additional soft tissue reinforcement as the sole surgical repair technique for the treatment of grade III RCL injuries to the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint in acute, chronic, and late cases. Methods: During a 20-year period, 38 of 45 patients (84%) with grade III RCL injuries were found to have tears at or adjacent to the metacarpal head (25 patients) or the proximal phalanx (13 patients) and underwent surgical repair at a mean of 10.8 months after injury. Patients were evaluated at a mean follow-up time of 3.8 years (minimum, 1 year), comparing pre- and postoperative standard thumb x-rays, varus (adduction) MCP joint stress x-rays, joint range of motion, pinch and grip strengths, clinical deformity, and subjective symptoms. Results: Thirty-three patients (87%) were symptom free. Thirty-five patients (92%) regained normal pinch and grip strength. Thirty patients (79%) had full range of motion at the MCP joint, and no patient lost any interphalangeal joint motion. No recurrent symptomatic MCP joint instability was noted. Three patients (8%) had mild residual asymptomatic MCP joint volar subluxation. One patient had progression of pre-existing degenerative joint changes. Conclusion: Acute, chronic, and late grade III RCL instability of the thumb MCP joint can be successfully treated in the majority of cases by RCL soft tissue sleeve advancement and bony reattachment alone without the need for other soft tissue reinforcement. (J Hand Surg 2003;28A:14-20. Copyright © 2003 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.)
Attitudinal Policy Feedback and Public Opinion The Impact of Smoking Bans on Attitudes towards Smokers, Secondhand Smoke, and Antismoking Policies

How, if at all, do public policies influence the opinions of ordinary citizens? Using the longitudinal variation in the passage of state smoking bans in restaurants, I consider how policies influence views toward target populations, educate the public about what is good/bad, safe/dangerous, right/wrong, and so forth, and affect support for future policy interventions. I find that people view smokers with more antipathy and believe that secondhand smoke is more harmful post-enactment of smoking bans. Length of exposure matters for support of future policy interventions: people exposed to smoking bans for long periods of time are more supportive of additional smoking restrictions in public places. The theoretical framework offered here can be used to evaluate how other policies, particularly those that are tangible to a majority of citizens, influence public opinion.
Heuristics reasoning in diagnostic judgment

Heuristics inquiry is an exciting new approach to understanding diagnostic reasoning. Heuristics are short-cut mental strategies that streamline information. Although heuristics allow for faster processing of information than analytic methods, they can lead to errors because not all information is considered. This article describes three heuristics particularly relevant to diagnostic reasoning: accessibility, similarity, and anchoring and adjustment. Specific factors throught to influence heuristic reasoning are reviewed and analyzed. Last, interventions to be tested for both practice and education are presented.
Alkaline phosphatase activity in fetal hind limbs of the mouse mutation brachypodism.

A reduction in alkaline phosphatase activity was demonstrated histochemically and biochemically in the hind limbs of brachypod fetal mice. Seventeen-day brachypod tibias had a 2–3-fold lower alkaline phosphatase activity than controls of a similar age. In mutant femurs of this age the decrease in activity was as much as 3–4-fold. Brachypod fibulas never demonstrated enzyme activity in the stages studied. The enzyme from mutant limb tissues showed the same kinetics, thermal stability, and electrophoretic mobility as that from non-mutant tissues. Embryo extract from 13-day brachypod mice, reported to inhibit the growth of normal rudiments in vitro, had no effect on the activity of the normal enzyme. It is proposed that the reduction in enzyme activity is a secondary effect related to the disruption and retardation of limb development in the mutant.
Effects of social environment on sexual maturation in female cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus).

Age at sexual maturation among female cotton rats was measured in a variety of intraspecific social environments. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment I, female cotton rats attained vaginal perforation and first estrus at younger ages and lighter body masses when paired from weaning with a conspecific juvenile male than when caged alone. In Experiment II, these findings were replicated and extended. Females housed with juvenile males matured at the youngest ages, while those housed alone matured at the oldest ages. Females
Gravimeter using high-temperature superconducting bearing

We have developed a sensitive gravimeter concept that uses an extremely low-friction bearing based on a permanent magnet (PM) levitated over a high-temperature superconductor (HTS). A mass is attached to the PM by a cantilevered beam, and the combination of PM and HTS forms a bearing platform that has low resistance to rotational motion but high resistance to horizontal, vertical, or tilting motion. The combination acts as a low-loss torsional pendulum that can be operated in any orientation. Gravity acts on the cantilevered beam and attached mass, accelerating them. Variations in gravity can be detected by time-of flight accelerator, or by a control coil or electrode that would keep the mass stationary. Calculations suggest that the HTS gravimeter would be as sensitive as present-day superconducting gravimeters that must be cooled to liquid helium temperatures, but the HTS gravimeter needs cooling only to liquid nitrogen temperatures.
Competition and Co-operation Among Exchanges: A Theory of Cross Listing and Endogenous Listing Standards

We analyze firms' choice between exchanges to list their equity (including multiple listings), and exchanges' choice of listing standards for firms which apply for listing, in an environment of competition and co-operation among exchanges. We model an equity market characterized by asymmetric information, where outsiders can reduce their informational disadvantage relative to insiders by producing (noisy) information about firms at a cost. Exchanges are populated by two kinds of investors: sophisticated investors, with a cost advantage in producing information (low-cost investors), and ordinary investors, without such a cost-advantage (high-cost investors); the proportions of these two kinds of investors vary across exchanges. While firms are short-lived agents, exchanges are long-lived, value-maximizing agents, whose stringency in their listing and disclosure standards evolve over time. Exchanges also use their listing standards as a tool in competing with other exchanges for listings by firms. However, outsiders can partially infer the rigor of an exchange's listing policy by studying the subsequent performance of firms which have obtained listing there. The listing standards chosen by an exchange therefore affects its reputation. The listing choices of firms between exchanges, the valuation effects of listings on firm equity, and exchanges' listing standards emerge endogenously in equilibrium. Our model has implications for: the relationship between firm characteristics and the benefits from cross (and dual) listing; the price effects of cross listings; the relationship between cross listing and financial analyst following; the relationship between an exchange's reputation and its listing standards; the impact of competition on an exchange's listing standard; the impact of an alliance between exchanges on the listing standards of the allied exchange and of exchanges competing with it; and for the optimal regulation of exchanges.
Putting Work to Bed: Stressful Experiences on the Job and Sleep Quality

Most adults spend one-third of every day sleeping and another third of most days at work. However, there is little analysis of the possible connections between common workplace experiences and sleep quality. This study uses the longitudinal and nationally-representative Americans' Changing Lives study to examine whether and how common conditions and experiences at work may “follow workers home” and impinge on their quality of sleep. We also explore how competing stressful experiences at home may influence sleep quality, and whether these are more salient than work experiences. Results show that frequently being bothered or upset at work is associated with poorer sleep quality, and the association is not explained by stressful experiences at home. These findings are discussed in relation to the sociological literatures on work, stress, and emotion.
Excessive caloric intake acutely causes oxidative stress, GLUT4 carbonylation, and insulin resistance in healthy men

Obesity-linked insulin resistance greatly increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, together known as the metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome. How obesity promotes insulin resistance remains incompletely understood. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) stress, and oxidative stress are all elevated in obesity and have been shown to induce insulin resistance. However, they may be late events that only develop after chronic excessive nutrient intake. The nature of the initial event that produces insulin resistance at the beginning of excess caloric intake and weight gain remains unknown. We show that feeding healthy men with ~6000 kcal/day of the common U.S. diet [~50% carbohydrate (CHO), ~ 35% fat, and ~15% protein] for 1 week produced a rapid weight gain of 3.5 kg and the rapid onset (after 2 to 3 days) of systemic and adipose tissue insulin resistance and oxidative stress but no inflammatory or ER stress. In adipose tissue, the oxidative stress resulted in extensive oxidation and carbonylation of numerous proteins, including carbonylation of GLUT4 near the glucose transport channel, which likely resulted in loss of GLUT4 activity. These results suggest that the initial event caused by overnutrition may be oxidative stress, which produces insulin resistance, at least in part, via carbonylation and oxidation-induced inactivation of GLUT4.
Exploring Contemporary News Media Coverage of Female Political Candidates: Issue Coverage Across Electoral Contests

Previous research indicates that women candidates may more easily gain elected office by aligning themselves with issues that the public associates favorably with women, such as health care, education, and children’s and women’s rights. But this strategy may be more or less successful depending upon the type and level of office women seek. The public’s gendered attitudes are therefore a double-edge sword; where there is gender-office congruence, it appears that women may benefit from stereotyping at the ballot box. In addition to long-standing concerns about how the media portray female candidates, therefore, media coverage may amplify either the challenges or the opportunities for female candidates depending upon the policy issues they emphasize and the congruence of those issues with the particular institutional office sought. In this paper, we draw from our larger research project that has constructed a current and comprehensive dataset on local news coverage of gubernatorial and senatorial electoral contests from the 2004, 2006, and 2008 election cycles, and test a number of hypotheses related to gender-office congruence on specific features of news coverage, especially the policy issue focus of the coverage. Based on the findings generated from 15 races, we find that the office sought matters for the degree and type of issue coverage women candidates receive. But we also find that the broad category of “women’s issues” must be refined in order to capture the full effects of gender on campaign communications and news coverage.
Law Professors' Second Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission Trade Secrets Letter

We, the undersigned law professors who teach and write about intellectual property and trade secrets, write in support of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (“AOGCC”) proposed hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) regulations that would provide for the disclosure of information that might in other contexts be deemed trade secrets that cannot be disclosed to the public, under proposed regulations 20 ACC 25.283(a)(14) and (h). As in the attached April 1, 2013 letter, we take no position on whether fracking should be conducted in the State of Alaska or whether there are any environmental, health or safety risks (“EHS”) associated with such behavior. Rather, we write for one purpose: to endorse the AOGCC’s efforts to access the alleged trade secret information that it needs to make an intelligent assessment of the existence of such risks.
A smart traffic sign recognition system

As technology is evolving we have seen an exponential increase for vision systems in various areas. This phenomenon is happening in automotive industries as well, where vision is playing an important role in achieving the main objective of driverless cars. This paper addresses some of the advantages and drawbacks that computer vision has in assisting Advanced Driver Assist Systems (ADAS) and proposes a new method for real time traffic sign recognition (TSR) system which combines intelligent algorithms with classical image recognition algorithms.
Microglia Transcriptome Changes in a Model of Depressive Behavior after Immune Challenge

Depression symptoms following immune response to a challenge have been reported after the recovery from sickness. A RNA-Seq study of the dysregulation of the microglia transcriptome in a model of inflammation-associated depressive behavior was undertaken. The transcriptome of microglia from mice at day 7 after Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) challenge was compared to that from unchallenged Control mice and to the transcriptome from peripheral macrophages from the same mice. Among the 562 and 3,851 genes differentially expressed between BCG-challenged and Control mice in microglia and macrophages respectively, 353 genes overlapped between these cells types. Among the most differentially expressed genes in the microglia, serum amyloid A3 (Saa3) and cell adhesion molecule 3 (Cadm3) were over-expressed and coiled-coil domain containing 162 (Ccdc162) and titin-cap (Tcap) were under-expressed in BCG-challenged relative to Control. Many of the differentially expressed genes between BCG-challenged and Control mice were associated with neurological disorders encompassing depression symptoms. Across cell types, S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), interleukin 1 beta (Il1b) and kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (Kmo) were differentially expressed between challenged and control mice. Immune response, chemotaxis, and chemokine activity were among the functional categories enriched by the differentially expressed genes. Functional categories enriched among the 9,117 genes differentially expressed between cell types included leukocyte regulation and activation, chemokine and cytokine activities, MAP kinase activity, and apoptosis. More than 200 genes exhibited alternative splicing events between cell types including WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 1 (Wnk1) and microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1(Macf1). Network visualization revealed the capability of microglia to exhibit transcriptome dysregulation in response to immune challenge still after resolution of sickness symptoms, albeit lower than that observed in macrophages. The persistent transcriptome dysregulation in the microglia shared patterns with neurological disorders indicating that the associated persistent depressive symptoms share a common transcriptome basis.
Influence on hepatic ferritin systems of tertiary amine, G-D 131, with beneficial effects in shock.

SummaryThese observations with G-D 131 are regarded as support for our concept that deterioration of the hepatic ferritin mechanisms brings about consequences of major importance for ability of the animal to survive a standardized shock procedure.
A Louvre fragment reconsidered: Perseus becomes Erichthonios1

A fragmentary red-figure cup, formerly in the collection of Henri Seyrig, has been connected with the myth of Danae and Perseus ever since Beazley first noted it in 1954. Although a number of iconographical discussions of this myth have appeared since, the vase has never been published and, therefore, its iconography never discussed. Today, the fragments are in the Louvre, inv. no. 980.0820. Thanks to the kindness of F. Villard and A. Pasquier, I am able to publish them here for the first time (plate IXa–b).
Commentary on Caetano, Vaeth, Mills, and Canino (2016): Employment Status, Depression, Drinking, and Alcohol-Use Disorders in Puerto Rico.

BACKGROUND: In this commentary, we discuss a study by Caetano and colleagues (in press) that examines the relation between depression, employment status, and drinking behaviors among adults (aged 18 to 64) living in San Juan, Puerto Rico. METHODS: We discuss the contribution of Caetano and colleagues' (in press) study to the understanding of socioeconomic risk and protective factors associated with depression and drinking behaviors among Hispanics, specifically Puerto Ricans. We focus on 3 topics: (i) gender differences in the relation between depression and employment status, (ii) the relation between participation in the workforce and drinking behaviors, and (iii) the potential role of family and contextual factors mitigating the effects of unemployment on drinking behaviors. RESULTS: Findings suggest that in Puerto Rico, employment status, although associated with depression and drinking behaviors, was not associated with alcohol-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Caetano and colleagues' (in press) article represents an important contribution to understanding differential effects in risk and protective factors associated with drinking behaviors and alcohol-related consequences among Hispanics. Future research should focus on examining the role of family and social support to mitigate the effects of unemployment, depression, and drinking behaviors among Puerto Ricans living in Puerto Rico.Copyright © 2016 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. Language: en
Social supports and the reduction of psychiatric disability.

(1968). Social Supports and the Reduction of Psychiatric Disability. Psychiatry: Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 107-115.
India Before Europe: Challenging central authority, 1650–1750

The roughly hundred years from 1650 to 1750 were marked by a series of radical political and social changes in South Asia. Many of these changes were triggered by developments that transpired during the nearly fifty-year reign of the sixth Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707). This Mughal emperor remains the most controversial in the popular mind and even, to some extent, in scholarly literature. Aurangzeb is often compared unfavorably with Akbar, whose reign also spanned close to half a century. In part, this is due to the work of J. N. Sarkar, the first modern historian to write extensively on Aurangzeb. Sarkar held Aurangzeb personally responsible for the reversal of the tolerant policies first fostered by Akbar, which were instrumental in unifying the vast territories of the Mughal empire in the minds of many scholars. Instead, in Sarkar's view, Aurangzeb promoted an aggressively Islamic state that discriminated against Hindus and other non-Muslims, leading to a loss of unity and the decline of empire. Other scholars have accused Aurangzeb of weakening the empire not so much by his orthodox religious stance as by his prolonged campaign to pacify and annex the Deccan. In this chapter, we look at both these charges against Aurangzeb, as well as at the Maratha community which opposed Mughal expansion fiercely, and at political developments after Aurangzeb's death.
The Placenta as a Target Tissue for Steroids

Although the function of the placenta as a steroid-producing organ is well known, its function as a target tissue for steroid hormones is less well documented. The physiologic actions of steroid hormones are believed to be mediated by cytoplasmic protein macromolecules, known as receptors, which are found in the cells of target tissues (Spelsberg and Toft, 1976). Each steroid binds to its specific cytoplasmic receptor, and each complex undergoes activation that results in translocation and binding of the complex to nuclear acceptor sites. By interacting with the chromatin, the activated complex alters DNA transcription, thus causing production of steroid-induced messenger RNA (Mainwaring, 1977). To be classified as a receptor, a steroid-binding protein should exhibit steroid specificity, high affinity for the steroid, low tissue concentration, and ability to translocate into the nucleus (Toft and Gorski, 1966; Jensen and DeSombre, 1972).
Social Work through Government

This chapter follows Perkins’s adaption of social work through government. The chapter spotlights how Perkins becomes a Democrat; her settling of the Rome copper strike; her becoming the chief New York State Industrial Commissioner; her promoting of the US Labor Department “employment agency” hiring for the CCC and WPA; her crafting of the Social Security Act, Wagner Act, and Fair Labor Standards Act; her initiating of the Bureau of Labor Statistics as a keeper of credible statistics; and her helping to maintain adequate working standards during World War II.
Impacts of the amount of hybrid cattail (Typha x glauca) litter on abiotic and biotic conditions in prairie pothole wetlands

Hybrid cattail (Typha x glauca) is an invasive emergent macrophyte that spreads quickly and forms monodominant stands in wetlands, and alters their abiotic and biotic conditions. I examined the role that cattail litter has on abiotic and biotic conditions. Specifically, I studied experimentally the effects of the amount of litter in a mesocosm complex and a prairie pothole wetland. At both sites, I established three litter treatments (high, control, and low litter amounts) and examined how the amount of litter effects litter decomposition, cattail shoot number and height, temperature (at the sediment surface, as well as 10cm above and 10cm below), soil redox potential, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation. I hypothesized that when litter increased at a site, there would be a corresponding decrease in soil and water temperature, redox potential, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation and consequently in the rate of litter decomposition. I also hypothesized that the number of cattail shoots and cattail shoot heights would decrease with increasing litter. There was no significant difference among the litter treatments in litter decomposition rates at either location. Temperatures varied across treatments, with a greater mean maximum and minimum in the low treatment at all three depths (+10cm, 0cm, -10cm) at the mesocosm complex, but not at Anderson Lake. Redox potential, dissolved oxygen, and percent oxygen saturation in the low treatments at the mesocosm complex were significantly higher than in either the high or control treatments, but again not at Anderson Lake. The number of cattail shoots was significantly higher in the low treatments than in the high and control treatments in the mesocosm complex and between the low and high treatments at Anderson Lake.
Care-Seeking Behavior After Notification Among Young Women With Recurrent Sexually Transmitted Infections After Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Objective. To determine the level of nurse case management and outreach required to notify young women with sexually transmitted infection (STI) positive test results after pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and percent seeking treatment. Methods. Participants (N = 153) were enrolled in a clinical trial of young women diagnosed with PID and followed for 3 months for recurrent STIs. Vaginal swabs were obtained at 1 and 3 months. All participants were notified of positive STIs at 1 and 3 months and treatment arranged. Data were analyzed with logistic regression for comparison of treatment status by number of nurse contacts. Results. Over the 3-month period, 59 participants (38.6%) tested positive for one or more STIs and all received notification. Only 50% (19/38) of participants with STI at 1 month and 43% (16/37) at 3 months received treatment. Conclusions. Despite the high notification rate of positive test results for young adults with recurrent STIs, many failed to seek treatment.
Modularity and Sparsity: Evolution of Neural Net Controllers in Physically Embodied Robots

While modularity is thought to be central for the evolution of complexity and evolvability, it remains unclear how systems boot-strap themselves into modularity from random or fully integrated starting conditions. Clune et al. (2013) suggested that a positive correlation between sparsity and modularity is the prime cause of this transition. We sought to test the generality of this modularity-sparsity hypothesis by testing it for the first time in physically embodied robots. A population of ten Tadros — autonomous, surface-swimming robots propelled by a flapping tail — was used. Individuals varied only in the structure of their neural net control, a 2 x 6 x 2 network with recurrence in the hidden layer. Each of the 60 possible connections was coded in the genome, and could achieve one of three states: -1, 0, 1. Inputs were two light-dependent resistors and outputs were two motor control variables to the flapping tail, one for the frequency of the flapping and the other for the turning offset. Each Tadro was tested separately in a circular tank lit by a single overhead light source. Fitness was the amount of light gathered by a vertically oriented sensor that was disconnected from the controller net. Reproduction was asexual, with the top performer cloned and then all individuals entered into a roulette wheel selection process, with genomes mutated to create the offspring. The starting population of networks was randomly generated. Over ten generations, the population’s mean fitness increased two-fold. This evolution occurred in spite of an unintentional integer overflow problem in recurrent nodes in the hidden layer that caused outputs to oscillate. Our investigation of the oscillatory behavior showed that the mutual information of inputs and outputs was sufficient for the reactive behaviors observed. While we had predicted that both modularity and sparsity would follow the same trend as fitness, neither did so. Instead, selection gradients within each generation showed that selection directly targeted sparsity of the connections to the motor outputs. Modularity, while not directly targeted, was correlated with sparsity, and hence was an indirect target of selection, its evolution a “by-product” of its correlation with sparsity.
Analyzing Preservice Mathematics Teachers’ Professional Noticing

ABSTRACTRecent research in mathematics education has highlighted the importance of teachers’ abilities to professionally notice students’ thinking. This study examined what preservice teachers professionally notice during lesson study to further describe their attention to students’ mathematical thinking, their interpretations about students’ reasoning, and the resulting decisions they make. Findings indicate preservice teachers commonly provided evaluative comments but were able to engage in some instances of more advanced Noticing in which they detailed students’ strategies and analyzed evidence of student thinking to formulate interpretations about mathematical thinking. Analysis of these findings resulted in a framework for analyzing the content of focused and extended professional Noticing.
Coding for All: Computer Science Outreach for All Ages and Budgets (Abstract Only)

Many feel K-12 computer science requires a large tech budget, a classroom full of laptops, tablets or robots, and an experienced tech teacher. This belief is not unfounded as the majority of online computer science teaching materials require modern technology and Internet connectivity, making these tools inaccessible to the low-tech classroom. As a solution, we developed SAS® CodeSnaps, a free tool that provides an engaging coding experience with minimal technology. One iPad and one robot (www.sphero.com) are all that is needed for every student in a classroom to code. With CodeSnaps, students program together using printable coding blocks. When their program is ready, they "snap" a picture using the CodeSnaps app which digitizes their code and executes it on a robot, allowing students to see their program execute in the real world. In this poster we present lesson plans for both a single engagement with students as well as week-long introduction to CS fundamentals centered around the CodeSnaps app. We also discuss results from two pilot studies designed to measure student engagement during these lessons.
Map Control by Electronic Surveys

The use of electronic-distance measuring instruments to execute horizontal control surveys for mapping projects is effecting large savings in time and money and increasing the accuracy of results. After a review of the basic requirements of accuracy and distribution of horizontal control, the plan for an actual topographic mapping project is discussed. This project, the Mesa Project, New Mexico, affords an excellent example of the versatility of electronic-distance measuring equipment in difficult terrain. Use of the methods and procedures described has resulted in closures well within the limits of second-order requirements. The final parts of the paper deals with calibration of instruments on a test course, factors affecting the accuracy of electronically measured distances, and types of instruments using different media for measuring distances
Management of chronic myeloid leukemia in the setting of pregnancy: when is leukocytapheresis appropriate? A case report and review of the literature.

Background Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common hematologic malignancy; however, its occurrence during pregnancy is unusual due to its low prevalence in females of childbearing age. There are conflicting reports of how to best manage CML in pregnancy, particularly in the setting of leukocytosis. Hemapheresis A 30-year-old female was diagnosed with CML at 18 weeks' estimated gestational age. On initial presentation she reported fatigue, night sweats, and early satiety, and was found to have a white blood cell (WBC) count of 69.3 × 109 /L and platelet count of 366 × 109 /L. Her disease was managed during pregnancy using interferon-α alone despite persistent leukocytosis. Conclusion CML may be effectively managed during pregnancy, even in the setting of leukocytosis, without the application of leukocytapheresis. Management relies not only upon the coordination of drug therapy and fetal monitoring, but requires close communication between multiple medical disciplines. Leukocytapheresis has been safely performed during pregnancy and may be a suitable adjunct management strategy in pregnant patients diagnosed with CML with specific clinical presentations, such as hyperleukocytosis (WBC count > 150 × 109 /L) and/or symptomatic leukostasis.
Understanding The Relationship Between Medicaid Expansions And Hospital Closures

Decisions by states about whether to expand Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have implications for hospitals’ financial health. We hypothesized that Medicaid expansion of eligibility for childless adults prevents hospital closures because increased Medicaid coverage for previously uninsured people reduces uncompensated care expenditures and strengthens hospitals’ financial position. We tested this hypothesis using data for the period 2008–16 on hospital closures and financial performance. We found that the ACA’s Medicaid expansion was associated with improved hospital financial performance and substantially lower likelihoods of closure, especially in rural markets and counties with large numbers of uninsured adults before Medicaid expansion. Future congressional efforts to reform Medicaid policy should consider the strong relationship between Medicaid coverage levels and the financial viability of hospitals. Our results imply that reverting to pre-ACA eligibility levels would lead to particula...
Application of Core Function Concepts to Local Health Department Occupational Safety and Health Activities

To illustrate how core function concepts might be useful in evaluation of specific local health department (LHD) programs, we analyzed preliminary results from a national questionnaire survey of LHD occupational safety and health (OSH) activities during 1992-1993 in categories corresponding to the three core functions: assessment, policy development, and assurance. Overall, 2,079 (71%) LHDs returned completed questionnaires. With regard to the first core function (assessment), the state health department was the most frequent source of data used by the respondent LHDs (47%) to assess worker health and occupational hazards. Concerning the second core function category (policy development), 5% of LHDs had conducted an appraisal in the past three years to summarize the OSH needs of their communities. With regard to the third core function category (assurance), 23% of LHDs directly provided worksite health promotion activities for workers in their communities. We conclude that core function concepts can be a useful adjunct in evaluation of specific LHD programs. Additional research is needed to further refine and improve core function indicators providing insights into specific LHD programs, as well as into overall LHD performance.
Sustained Virologic Response and Costs Associated with Direct-Acting Antivirals for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection in Oklahoma Medicaid.

BACKGROUND: Outcomes involving newer direct-acting antiviral (DAA) hepatitis C virus (HCV) regimens have not been studied extensively among the Medicaid population. OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical (t...
Ruthenium Chemistry Pertaining to the Design of Anticancer Agents

Ruthenium compounds hold particular promise in the design of new anticancer agents, including: a) chemotherapeutic drugs, b) radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic imaging, and, c) most recently, radiosensitizers for radiotherapy. With regard to chemotherapeutic agents, complexes with nitrogen ligands and anionic leaving groups appear to be the most active as cytotoxic agents, with nuclear DNA usually assumed as the target site. Binding to DNA may occur in a variety of modes with ion-pairing and covalent bonding probably being the most important for active agents, often with the former occurring before the latter. After injection as a Ru(III) prodrug, selective localization in the tumor may take place by in vivo reduction to the more actively binding Ru(II) complex. Transferrin may also mediate the transfer of some ruthenium complexes to the tumor site. At least in the case of [(H2O)(NH3)5Ru]2 +, coordination to DNA occurs initially at G7 sites in the major groove of the DNA.. However, higher concentrations appear to cause uncoiling with subsequent binding to the exocyclic amines of A and C. On coordination to nucleosides, ammineruthenium ions can migrate between nitrogen sites or exist as rotamers on exocyclic ammines. Such metal ion movements can be choreographed by controlling the pH and electrochemical potential of the media. Square-wave voltammetry promises to be a sensitive method for probing the redox chemistry of ruthenium both on free nucleosides and on DNA, and for monitoring isomerization reactions following electron transfer. At high pH, Ru(III) induces the rapid autoxidation of nucleosides, in a manner reminiscent of xanthine oxidase, to yield 8-keto-purines. The anticancer activities of some selected ruthenium compounds are surveyed as to possible mechanisms consistent with their chemistry.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach to Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders

The field of autoimmune neurology is evolving rapidly. The discovery of autoantibodies that target neural antigens has expanded swiftly in the last decade. Recognition of the clinical syndromes associated with autoimmune neurologic disorders, and our understanding of the pathophysiology, has progressed significantly. Radiographic, electrophysiological, and laboratory testing (particularly neural autoantibody testing) are fundamental in the diagnosis of autoimmune neurological disorders and in the exclusion of mimics. Furthermore, investigations may serve as a baseline from which objective assessment of improvement or detection of relapse can be made. These disorders can be associated with underlying neoplasms, and screening for malignancy is an essential component of the investigations. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of immunotherapy can improve neurologic function. The use of immunotherapy, however, can be associated with diverse side effects, and careful monitoring is crucial to prevent complications. Herein the authors address the diagnostic and treatment approach of autoimmune neurologic disorders, with particular focus on antibody-mediated neurologic autoimmunity.
THE ION-EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF NATURAL ZEOLITE MORDENITE

The cation exchange properties of mordenite (a Nakhchivan natural zeolite) were studied. Ion exchange of the original cations - sodium, potassium and calcium - by magnesium, strontium, cadmium, zinc and nickel cations was carried out. It was found that in the case of Zn cations cation exchange occurs readily at a high speed and the maximum value of the degree of exchange. A low value of the degree of cation exchange is observed for Mg. This is due to the large hydration shell of magnesium, which adversely affects the cation exchange. High values of the exchange rate of Na+ cations have already been explained at the first exchange of low content of sodium cations and their location mostly in exchange for positions available. The lesser ability to exchange K+, Na+ cations than contained in the natural zeolite is due to several reasons. With an increasing number of degrees of ionic exchange value exchangeable cations K+ vary to a greater degree than the degree of exchange of the cations Na+. Firstly, the content and size of the K+ cation are greater than those of the Na+ cations. Furthermore, a part of the K+ cations is in exchange for hard cancrinites cells. It has been found that the degree of cation exchange of K+ (αK), contained in the original zeolite, with Mg2+, Ni2+, Sr2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ cations is considerably lower than the values of the degree of cation exchange of Na+ (αNa) at the same cations.
Prognosis and Outcome: State of the Evidence

Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) as a robust noninvasive imaging modality affords accurate detection and exclusion of anatomically obstructive coronary artery disease and offers the promise of high diagnostic performance when compared to invasive coronary angiography. Recently, numerous studies have evaluated the prognostic value of CCTA for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events. This chapter sought to summarize the current status of the prognostic utility of CCTA.
Beyond the Dyad: Employee Networks, Social Influence, and the Performance of Interpersonal Forms of Citizenship Behavior

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between ICB performance and three network properties theorized to produce behavioral conformance: strong ties, relational embeddedness, and structural equivalence. Results of a multiple regression QAP of sociometric data provided by 33 facilities and maintenance employees of a large medical center showed that structurally equivalent employees performed similar levels of both instrumental and supportive ICB. Additionally, relational embeddedness was associated with similarity in the performance of supportive ICB. Interestingly, the network variables explained variance in ICB beyond that explained by antecedents of high-quality, dyadic exchange. These findings provide evidence that the larger social context can produce conformity in ICB performance through symbolic role-taking and normative compliance processes.
Well on the way: An exploratory study on occupational health in hospitality

Abstract This study conducted a comprehensive review of work conditions and health risks/problems for various hospitality workers and summarized the various health and wellness promotion programs available in the workplace with the aim of identifying the key elements of successful employee wellness programs. In this review, physical health problems, such as musculoskeletal disorders, lung diseases, and dermatologic diseases, as well as mental health problems that are common among hospitality employees were discussed. In addition, different types of wellness programs that may help employees to overcome these health problems were included. In the next stage, interviews with hotel staff holding multiple positions were conducted to identify the most significant health challenges and assess their preference for various types of wellness initiatives. Using MAXQDA Pro, health-related categories and themes were extracted from the interviews. Participants believed that the lack of time, physical challenges and stress are the top three wellness challenges in the hospitality industry. In order to tackle the challenges, they stated that hospitality businesses should provide various wellness initiatives including healthy eating and weight management, smoking cessation, stress management, exercise programs, and fitbits or other wellness tracker devices.
Paraneoplastic Syndromes for the Inpatient Dermatologist

There are a variety of distinct clinical presentations of skin diseases associated with an internal malignancy. Herein, we review some of the cutaneous manifestations of paraneoplastic syndromes and dermatoses that may be evaluated in the inpatient setting. Descriptions of clinical findings, associated systemic signs and symptoms, and diagnostic work-up are presented. Paraneoplastic syndromes are very rare. Isolated case reports with subsequent pooled literature reviews make up the majority of recent published literature. The association between certain skin conditions and malignancies is well established, making them important signs or harbingers of internal disease. Recognizing these paraneoplastic dermatoses during inpatient consultations can result in timely discovery of malignancy.
Development of Limbs

Abstract After its initiation, the fundamental dynamic in a developing limb is a series of interactions between the limb bud mesoderm and the overlying ectoderm, which determine both the outgrowth and the morphogenesis of the limb. Three signaling centers provide the molecular basis for much of limb development. Hox genes provide the basis for proximodistal segmentation in the limb.
Intercalation of zwitterionic surfactants dramatically enhances the performance of low-pressure nanofiltration membrane

Abstract High-performance nanofiltration membrane with excellent perm-selectivity and fouling resistance was fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition of polyelectrolytes, polyethylenimine (PEI) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), with the intercalation of self-assemblies of zwitterionic surfactants, 3-(N, N-Dimethylmyristylammonio) propane sulfonate (SB3-14). The integration of SB3-14 to the polyelectrolyte active layer dramatically enhanced the water permeability of the low-pressure nanofiltration (LNF) membrane without compromising the rejection of humic acid (HA). Specifically, the LNF membrane with intercalation of zwitterionic surfactant self-assemblies achieved a water permeability of up to 131 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and an HA rejection over 99%. In addition, the intercalation of SB3-14 surfactants also made the LNF membrane significantly smoother and less prone to fouling in long-term LNF operation, leading to higher water flux and HA rejection when the LNF process reached a steady state.
Foreign Compounds: Foods, Drugs, and Other Chemicals

Xenobiotics that humans are exposed through ingestion or inhalation include foods, drugs, smoke, household products, and environmental chemicals. Foods are substances that contain essential nutrients to provide energy and maintain life. Foreign compounds in foods include heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, azo dyes, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and mycotoxin. Drugs are chemical substances for a living organism to affect how the body works. Drugs are such as acetaminophen, xanthine, terfenadine, menadione, and diazepam. Chemicals are used for preservation in food industry and are also applied to accelerate the growth of crops. Nitrosamine, nicotine, and benzo[a]pyrene are present in cigarette smoke.
A Systematic Review of Mental Health Disorders of Children in Foster Care

Objectives:This article summarizes the rate of mental health disorders of foster children, the specific types of disorders faced by this population, and how factors such as type of abuse or placeme...