cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychometric tests of Expectations of Filial Piety Scale in a Mexican‐American population

Aims and objectives. This paper reports the development of the Expectations of Filial Piety Scale for use with Mexican-American parents regarding expectations they have of their adult children for care and support. Background. Earlier work by the authors demonstrated that filial piety is a cross-cultural construct that can be used with Hispanic/Latino populations. More refined development of the construct required testing with more homogeneous subsets (i.e. Mexican-Americans) within the broad designation of Hispanic/Latino adults. Design. Non-experimental methodological design for field testing of the instrument's psychometric properties. Methods. A convenient sample of 80 Mexican-American adults in California and Texas completed a brief biographical survey and field tested the Expectations of Filial Piety Scale. Results. Common factor analysis with orthogonal rotation was used to extract three factors, which accounted for 58% of the variance in scale scores. These factors included: I: respect for parents (24·05%); II: honouring parents (12·5%); and III: family unity (16·56%). Overall scale reliability was 0·87 with individual factor reliability coefficients ranging from 0·74 to 0·87 and test–retest correlation was 0·73. Conclusions. The results show that the Expectations of Filial Piety Scale is an internally consistent and reliable tool for use in studies of the Mexican-American population. Mexican elders historically underuse formal services; a large portion of this population will most likely depend on support from their family members when they reach advanced ages. There is a lack of culturally sensitive instruments to measure family values in caring for older adults in Mexican-Americans. Relevance to clinical practice This scale can enable case workers and nurses in long-term care settings to assess the elder's expectations for family support accurately and compare these expectations with available family support, children's intentions to care for a dependent parent or other family member and the need for supplemental care in Mexican-American families.
Symbiontic interrelationships between microbes and ambrosia beetles IV. Ambrosial fungi associated with Xyloterinus politus.

Abstract Two fungi were found to be primary “ambrosia” of Xyloterinus politus (Say). Isolate UWE-132L, tentatively identified as a new species of Raffaelea von Arx and Hennebert, was cultured from the oral mycangia of male and female X. politus. UWE-132M, not identified taxonomically, was cultured from the prothoracic-pleural mycangia of the female. Colony, mycelial, and spore characteristics of each fungus are presented.
Identifying Teachers Attending Professional Development by Their Stages of Concern: Exploring Attitudes and Emotions

The purpose of this study was to use the Stages of Concerns (SoC) framework established by Hall and Loucks as a way to usefully identify types of teachers. Teachers who participated in the study were attending a professional development program called Great Expectations (GE). A modified version of the SoC questionnaire was used, so an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the modified questionnaire was conducted and identified a five factor structure. Using these five factors, a latent profile analysis was conducted to identify teachers. Three types of teachers emerged: enthusiastic teachers, teachers who were uninterested in the GE program, and teachers who were interested in the program but still had trepidations. These three groups were then compared on their emotions prior to the beginning of the GE program and their experience with GE. The quantitative results from this study are compared to qualitative results from previous research on teachers' SoC.
The balancing act of AKT in T cells

The serine/threonine-specific protein kinase AKT is gaining recognition as a major crossroad in numerous cellular signaling pathways through its ability to regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and metabolism. This review focuses on the recent advances in AKT signaling and downstream events in T cells, emphasizing its contrasting role in conventional and regulatory (Treg) Tcell populations. Activation of AKT has been known for many years to be critical in the development and function of conventional Tcells. However, it has just recently been uncovered that AKTexerts an inhibitory effect on Treg generation and suppressor function. These studies have placed AKTat the nexus of Treg development and function, thus opening novel avenues for therapeutic manipulation.
The contribution of exclusive representation to union strength

In this paper we show that exclusive representation and other union security agreements contribute substantially to union strength. A regression analysis of the growth of unionism among teachers during the 1970s measures just how potent exclusive representation and dues checkoff agreements are in stimulating union growth in the public sector. Further discussion prompts the conclusion that these powerful measures are especially inappropriate in the public sector, for they excessively coerce employees’ representation and benefit employers, not employees.
Application of 13C‐NMR spectroscopy to In Vitro analysis of enzyme kinetics

Abstract The conversion of d , l - α - 13 C-histidine to similarly labeled α - 13 C-histamine by bacterial and mammalian histidine decarboxylase was studied by 13 C-NMR spectroscopy and GLC-mass spectrometry. The results obtained with the partially purified bacterial enzyme were in essentially perfect agreement with results obtained simultaneously with a standard radioisotopic method using carboxyl-labeled- 14 C-L- histidine. For a crude tissue preparation of the mammalian enzyme, the radioisotopic method indicated an activity three times that based on 13 C-NMR measurement of α - 13 C-histamine. The difference in results was accountable in terms of additional 13 C-NMR signals attributable to products other than histamine due in part to enzymatic degradation of the latter.
De-Meaning of Metabolism

Metabolism is a hot topic in science, from the epidemic of “metabolic diseases” such as obesity and diabetes to the rediscovery of altered “cancer metabolism” as a defining characteristic of malignant cells. As is often the case, once a topic has become in vogue, its name ceases to have meaning as researchers try to identify their work as relevant to the latest fashion. Thus, it is opportune to reconsider not only the meaning of “metabolism” but also whether the rebirth of metabolic research is incorporating many of the lessons learned through years of study in the last century.
Section Review: Central & Peripheral Nervous System: Remifentanil and anaesthesia for the future

Current trends toward outpatient surgery have created a demand for shorter acting anaesthetic agents. Such agents not only provide the anaesthetist with rapid patient recovery after completion of the procedure, but also with almost immediate intra-operative control over the anaesthetic state of the patient. Shorter acting anaesthetic agents are being developed in several therapeutic areas: volatile anaesthetics, neuromuscular blockers and injectable anaesthetics. Desflurane (Anaquest) and sevoflurane (Maruishi) are short acting volatile anaesthetics under development. Short acting neuromuscular blockers currently under clinical investigation, or recently introduced, include mivacurium (Wellcome) and rocuronium (Organon/Akzo). In the injectable anaesthetic area, propofol (Zeneca) has been introduced and offers some significant advantages over the previously existing induction agents, such as thiopental and methohexital. Several 4-anilidopiperdine opioid analgesics/anaesthetics are also being investigated. ...
Evaluating the Rate of Technological Improvement Necessary to Achieve Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets

Considerable effort has been made to evaluate the technological improvement required to achieve global emission levels that are estimated to be needed to prevent the most serious impacts of climate change. While these analyses have highlighted the magnitude of technological change needed to meet target emission levels, the rate of such change has not been discussed as frequently. Application of the simple yet informative Kaya Identity, which relates emission levels to social and technological drivers, can be applied to gain insights into the required rate of technological change. This analysis shows that the current rate of technological improvement, as measured by the rate of change in energy intensity of economic growth (energy/dollar of GDP) and carbon intensity [carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per unit energy], must be accelerated to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels to levels estimated to be needed to avoid serious climate impacts, even if population and economic activity were to remain constant. Given projected population growth and desired economic growth, the rate of technological change must accelerate by a factor of 5–8 times current levels and maintain that level of change for the foreseeable future. Such an accelerated pace of technological change has substantial implications for energy technology development, the need for technical expertise, and potentially the structure of the economy as a whole.© 2013 ASME
Selling out on nature

With scant evidence that market-based conservation works, argues Douglas J. McCauley, the time is ripe for returning to the protection of nature for nature's sake. With scant evidence that market-based conservation works, argues Douglas J. McCauley, the time is ripe for a return to the protection of nature for nature's sake.
Are pre-Columbian conditions relevant baselines for managed forests in the northeastern United States?

Populations of a number of taxa associated with shrublands, early-successional forests, and other disturbance-generated habitats (collectively referred to as thickets) are declining in the northeastern United States. To assure that species dependent on thicket habitats persist, intervention is warranted. However, conservationists concerned with the status of thicket-dependent species are confronted with two important questions. How much habitat is needed? And how should these habitats be distributed? Natural disturbance regimes have been recommended as a baseline that managers should consider while providing thicket habitats. Within the Northeast, historic disturbance regimes varied substantially among forest types. Coastal regions were characterized by extensive barrens where regular and often times large-scale disturbances that resulted in >15% of the area being covered by regenerating forest stands. Among inland forests, natural disturbances were usually small and resulted in seedling-sapling stands and beaver (Castor canadensis) impoundments covering <6% of the area. Under these conditions, thicket-affiliated species were probably distributed in small, disjunct populations that shifted in space and time. Current efforts to maintain thicket habitats must deal with a range of current land-uses and a legacy of historic uses. Additionally, the effectiveness of management protocols that mimic natural disturbances is limited among many forests. Increasing ownership parcelization, a relatively young forest, and landscape fragmentation substantially reduce the practicality and suitability of small-scale disturbances for generating thicket habitats. Large, clustered patches may be more practical and beneficial, especially in urbanized landscapes. In rural areas, silvicultural manipulations should be applied on a “sliding scale” relative to forest age. Timber harvests that emulate the range of variability of natural disturbances may become appropriate in these areas as forest stands mature. Addressing the needs of thicket-dependent species in the northeastern United States will require creativity, a willingness to explore a variety of solutions, and public support.
Microwave thermoreflectometry for detection of rebar corrosion

A microwave-based approach under development for detecting corrosion of rebar is described. The rebar inside the concrete is heated with an induction heater and then the surface temperature of the rebar inside the concrete is probed using a microwave reflectance method. This is in contrast to infrared thermographic approaches which monitor the surface temperature of the concrete and are dependent on waiting for considerable lengths of time for heat flow from the rebar to the concrete surface. Results will be presented for a series of test specimens produced by deliberately corroding rebar inside concrete in the laboratory. Microwave thermoreflectance measurements made in a 5 second measurement time are compared with conventional thermographic measurements of the temperature distribution at the concrete surface which require a 10 minute measurement time. Theoretical results are also presented of the predicted temperature versus time curves expected for rebar inside concrete with and without air defects at the rebar-concrete interface. These results predict that a rebar-concrete interface could be distinguished from a rebar-air interface with only 1 second of heating. The theoretical results further show that the presence of an air layer of finite thickness between rebar and concrete after about 2 seconds could be detected with a 2 second heating time.
Scheduling jobs to improve weighted on-time performance of a single machine

Abstract One of the problems faced by many manufacturers is how to improve on-time delivery (OTD). Customer orders or jobs often have different levels of importance (priorities). The levels of importance are assigned by weight numbers: the higher the weight, the more important the job. One performance measure manufacturers typically use is the total weighted number of late deliveries. This paper proposes a time-efficient scheduling heuristic, the Weighted Forward Algorithm (WFA), to reduce the weighted number of late deliveries for a single machine. A comparison between the WFA heuristic and three well-known heuristics, the Earliest Due Date (EDD), the Weighted Shortest Processing Time (WSPT), and the Forward Algorithm (FA), is then performed on two data sets, representing high and low-demand production months, for a real-world manufacturing application.The results suggest that the WFA outperforms the EDD, WSPT, and FA for this objective using both data sets. At the same time, the execution time is almost instantaneous. The WFA is also benchmarked against current practice at the same manufacturer and outperforms other heuristics and current practice.
Transcriptional cooperativity: bending over backwards and doing the flip.

Abstract The structures of the NFAT1–Fos–Jun–ARRE2 and MAT α 2–MCM1–STE6 transcription regulatory complexes reveal changes in protein conformation and DNA bending. Studies of the interaction between Fos–Jun and NFAT1 in solution corroborate the crystallographic analysis. These results manifest the flexibility required for cooperative binding to composite regulatory elements.
Stochastic particle instability for electron motion in combined helical wiggler, radiation and longitudinal wave fields

The relativistic motion of an electron is calculated in the combined fields of a transverse helical wiggler field (axial wavelength is ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}=\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}}{{k}_{0}}$) and the constant-amplitude, circularly polarized primary electromagnetic wave ($\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\delta}}{B}_{T},\ensuremath{\omega},k$) propagating in the $z$ direction. For particle velocity near the beat-wave phase velocity $\frac{\ensuremath{\omega}}{(k+{k}_{0})}$ of the primary wave, it is shown that the presence of a second, moderate-amplitude longitudinal wave ($\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\delta}}{E}_{L},\ensuremath{\omega},k$) or transverse electromagnetic wave ($\stackrel{^}{\ensuremath{\delta}}{B}_{2},{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2},{k}_{2}$) can lead to stochastic particle instability in which particles trapped near the separatrix of the primary wave undergo a systematic departure from the potential well. The condition for onset of instability is calculated, and the importance of these results for free-electron-laser (FEL) application is discussed. For development of long-pulse or steady-state free-electron lasers, the maintenance of beam integrity for an extended period of time will be of considerable practical importance. The fact that the presence of secondary, moderate-amplitude longitudinal or transverse electromagnetic waves can destroy coherent motion for certain classes of beam particles moving with velocity near $\frac{\ensuremath{\omega}}{(k+{k}_{0})}$ may lead to a degradation of beam quality and concomitant modification of FEL emission properties.
POSTER: Performance signatures of mobile phone browsers

Several fingerprinting techniques for computer browsers have been proposed to make it possible to link together different browser sessions and possibly tie them to a user identity. As most of these techniques depend on static browser characteristics and user-installed plugins, the resulting fingerprints are not suitable for mobile browsers because of the similarity of browser characteristics on similar mobile device products in spite of the differences in software and hardware. Moreover, mobile devices are shipped with pre-installed plugins that cannot be modified, which limits browser uniqueness. Therefore, we propose a dynamic mobile browser fingerprinting technique that records the browser's behavior and execution characteristics by running background customized browser scripts. Our dynamic technique is based on the use of Javascript, HTML5, Flash, and other scripts that are used to generate performance signatures of mobile browsers to detect the browser used, the operating system version, and device type. Our browser detection technique compares the active browser session signature with existing signatures through three detection methods: (1) Euclidean Distance, (2) Cosine Similarity, and (3) Voting System. In this paper we compare the detection rates of these methods and their accuracy in determining the mobile browser in use.
p-nitrosophenol reduction by liver cytosol from ADH-positive and -negative deermice (Peromyscus maniculatus).

Abstract Liver cytosolic fractions are known to catalyze the reduction of certain C-nitroso compounds to their corresponding hydroxylamines and amines. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, and xanthine and aldehyde oxidases have been implicated as C-nitroso reductases, To probe the role of these cytosolic enzymes in the reduction of C-nitroso compounds we have studied the effects of classical inhibitors of these enzymes on the ability of liver cytosolic fractions from ADH + and ADH − deermice to reduce p -nitrosophenol to p -aminophenol. Pyrazole, a potent inhibitor of ADH, inhibited NADH- p -nitrosophenol reduction by ADH + cytosol by > 85%. Thus, ADH contributes substantially to NADH-C-nitroso reduction by cytosol from ADH + deermice. The NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase inhibitor, dicumarol, inhibited NADH-dependent p -aminophenol formation by about 25%; however, dicumarol potently inhibited the NADPH-dependent formation (90-95%). As expected, cytosol from ADH − deermice did not catalyze pyrazole-sensitive (ADH-dependent) C-nitroso reduction with NADH as the cofactor. Both NADPH- and NADH- p -nitrosophenol reduction by ADH − cytosol were inhibited >90% by dicumarol. The xanthine oxidase/aldehyde oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, was without effect on NAD(P)H cytosolic p -nitrosophenol reduction from ADH − and ADH + deermice under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Our findings suggest that in the ADH + animal, ADH contributes significantly to NADH-dependent C-nitroso reduction by cytosol relative to NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase. NADPH-dependent p -nitrosophenol reduction by liver cytosol of ADH + animals is mostly dicumarol-sensitive, which implicates NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase as the major NADPH-dependent activity. In ADH − deermice, both NADH- and NADPH-dependent p -nitrosophenol reduction are essentially dicumarol-sensitive (NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase-dependent). Because the toxic expression of C-nitroso compounds is mediated by hydroxylamine intermediates, the present data indicate the importance of considering the role of ADH in the toxic sequelae of nitro and nitroso arenes.
Dendritic cell vaccine for recurrent high-grade gliomas in pediatric and adult subjects: Clinical trial protocol

BACKGROUND Although there have been significant advances in understanding the basic pathogenesis of glioblastoma multiforme, the median survival of patients has changed little in the past 25 years. Recent studies have suggested that immune modulation through dendritic cell (DC) vaccines may stimulate the immune system against tumor antigens and potentially increase survival. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the use of adjuvant vaccination with autologous DCs (matured in situ after being loaded with tumor cell lysate derived from autologous refractory gliomas) is safe, feasible, and beneficial for adult and pediatric patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. METHODS The study design is a single-center, nonrandomized, open phase I clinical trial. A total of 20 patients with malignant gliomas will be enrolled preoperatively over 2 years. Patients will be given adjuvant vaccination with autologous DCs loaded with tumor lysate after maximal safe surgical resection. EXPECTED OUTCOMES Using topical imiquimod before vaccination, it is anticipated that the immune response in vaccinated patients and potentially Overall survival will be greater than that demonstrated in the literature. We anticipate that there will be minimal side effects (minor dermatitis) associated with this treatment. DISCUSSION In the current trial, we assess immune response, safety, and survival using a novel vaccine protocol developed in Belgium that seems to markedly increase survival of certain subjects. Nevertheless, larger randomized clinical studies need to be performed to evaluate fully the efficacy of this therapy for both recurrent and newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Development of a Core Curriculum in Miniaturization Technologies

As the development of micromechanical devices and systems advances, diversity among processes is increasing. To transfer these technologies from university laboratories to the industrial sector requires graduates with a knowledge of the advantages and limitations of the processes and the ability to synthesize system concepts that can be more easily manufactured. Six introductory courses were developed based on transferring micromanufacturing research results into the classroom, and tutorials in several key areas were developed for access via the World Wide Web and CD-ROM. The courses were intended to provide an overview to baccalaureate graduates entering industry so they can determine if micromechanical technologies might be applicable in their respective companies. For students continuing with graduate studies, the courses were intended to provide a sufficient understanding in microtechnologies so they could adapt and integrate them into their research. Assessment of the courses was accomplished partly by standard student assessment instruments, but mostly by written feedback from students on how well the courses helped prepare them for graduate research and employment in a field utilizing micromanufacturing.
Characterization and partial purification of attractants for nematodeOrrina phyllobia from foliage ofSolanum elaeagnifolium

An unknown attractant for the nematodeOrrina phyllobia was extracted with water from foliage ofSolanum elaeagnifolium. Stability, solubility, ionic character, and Chromatographie purification were investigated using a bioassay based on nematode aggregation in agar. Activity was nonvolatile, dialyzable, heat stable below 60 °C, and partially lost within 30 min at 100 °C. Activity was unchanged from pH 5 to 12, but was entirely lost at pH 2. Loss of activity at low pH did not appear to result from direct effects of pH on nematode behavior and was partially recovered by readjustment to pH 7. The attractive factor was most soluble in water and appeared to be cationically but not anionically exchangeable. Activity appeared to Chromatograph as several compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography employing reverse phase C18 and amine-bonded columns. Various known compounds that are common toSolanum spp. or that attract other nematodes were unattractive. Extraction ofS. elaeagnifolium foliage specifically for solanaceous glycoalkaloids using methods developed forS. tuberosum did not yield an attractive product.
Lens for microlithography

With the help of CODE V (a powerful tool for lens design) a fourteen element and two cemented doublet lens system with 0. 2 Reduction rate (Red) 10 cm field diameter 0. 32 numerical aperwre (NA) was obtained. The criteria for a microlithographic lens system applied to the lens will be discussed. 1.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SU‐FF‐J‐79: Quantification of Pitch Angle Deviations in Patients Receiving IMRT for Prostate Cancer, Without the Use of Fiducial Seed Markers

Purpose: To demonstrate the strength of kV cone beam CT(CBCT) over MV portal imaging in the detection and quantification of pitch errors in prostate patients without use of internal fiducial markers. Additionally the cause and subsequent correction of large pitch variations was investigated as the daily use of CBCT had highlighted a small number of patients with deviations is set‐up of more than three degrees. Method and Materials: By using CBCT six variables can be corrected — three translations in the orthogonal axes as well as pitch, yaw, and roll. Five patients and RANDO phantom were studied, with significant differences being seen in pitch angle for two patients in the same direction as couch sag. Slight alterations were made in the position of the patients' knees and ankles in an attempt to reduce the pitch deviations. For all patients right lateral MV portal images and corresponding digitally reconstructedradiographs(DRR) were shown to the attending physician and a senior therapist with the question to determine if pitch greater than 3 degrees could be determined. Results: The deviation needed to create a pitch angle of 5 degrees in the RANDO phantom is significant so couch sag does not explain the deviations seen in a small population of the prostate patients imaged with CBCT. MV images were judged as showing insufficient information to determine pitch and Conclusion: Our clinical practice is that when any angular deviation over 3 degrees is observed in a patient set‐up the attending physician is called to decide how to proceed — treat or set‐up again. The phantom work demonstrated that a pitch variation in a patient set‐up cannot be attributed to couch sag and patient studies show that a few centimeters difference in knee separation lead to up to 3 degrees increase in pitch angle.
Identification of nonlinear systems by use of nonstationary white-noise inputs

Abstract The nonparametric identification of methodology which utilizes white-noise test inputs to obtain models for nonlinear dynamic systems is extended to cover the case of nonstationary white-noise inputs. This situation arises in several practical instances of interest, e.g. earthquake signals can be viewed as nonstationary band-limited Gaussian white-noise inputs to building structures. The original white-noise method as introduced by Wiener and completed by Lee and Schetzen has found numerous applications in the analysis of physiological and engineering systems, as it provides a general approach to the nonparametric (model-free) identification of nonlinear systems. The aim of this paper is to free the method from the requirement of stationarity for the white-noise input, thus allowing its application to a new class of modelling problems in science and engineering.
Abortion and Constitution: United States and West Germany.

ment, by permiting abortions within the first three months of pregnancy, violated the constitutional rights of unborn children.2 These decisions provide us with an uncommon opportunity to compare the constitutional law of different nations on abortion. That the highest tribunals of two robust constitutional democracies and secular political cultures should decide differently the question of the unborn child's right to life under the constitutions of their respective countries must excite curiosity, no matter one's stand or stake in the abortion controversy.
Possibility of liquid ferromagnetism

Abstract Critical temperatures of a model of Honda and Kato are calculated, taking account of the fact that the free energy must be a minimum. The possibility of liquid ferromagnetism is discussed.
Synchronous colon and renal cancers: Six cases of a clinical entity

In each case reported here, the colon tumor was discovered first, each of the patients developed metastatic colon cancer, and all of the renal carcinomas were asymptomatic tumors discovered inadvertently on computed tomographic (CT) scans done to determine the extent of the colon carcinoma
Downregulated gelsolin expression in hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the prostate.

BACKGROUND Because of its role in cell motility and growth regulation, gelsolin, an actin-binding protein, has been considered a tumor suppressor and a potential prognostic marker in some neoplasias, such as breast and bladder cancer. Little is known about its immunoexpression in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA). METHODS Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 72 prostatectomy specimens with adenocarcinoma and 8 nonneoplastic prostates from autopsies were stained with a gelsolin monoclonal antibody using the Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method after microwave antigen retrieval. Immunoreactivity was evaluated in PCA, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and nonproliferative glandular tissue and stroma. The results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Consistent gelsolin immunoreactivity was seen in prostatic stromal cells, smooth muscle, endothelia, and nerves. Variable gelsolin expression was seen in 20–100% (average (A) = 65.5%) of glandular cells in nonproliferative tissue (N = 75); 0–50% (A = 9.7%) in BPH (N = 59); 0–80% (A = 8.9%) in PIN (N = 61); and 0–90% (A = 9.3%) in PCA (N = 71). The level of gelsolin expression in nonproliferative prostatic tissue was similar between prostates with PCA (A = 63.4%) and nonneoplastic prostates (A = 67.5%). The level of gelsolin expression did not correlate with age, tumor size, Gleason score, or stage. CONCLUSIONS Gelsolin is decreased in PCA, PIN, and BPH in comparison to nonproliferative tissue. The role of this downregulation in the development of PCA is not clear. The similar reduction seen in PIN and BPH suggests that this event takes place indiscriminately in hyperplasia and early tumorigenesis in the prostate, which might limit its prognostic significance in PCA. Prostate 40:14–19, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
In vitro plant regeneration from corm callus of Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu

Abstract Corm explants of Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium modified by the use of half-strength major salts with 200 mg l−1 NH4NO3 and various concentrations and combinations of benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Optimum growth regulator combinations for inducing adventitious shoots from corm callus were 2.0–10.0 mg l−1 BA and 0.1–0.3 mg l−1 NAA. Axillary bud development from these regenerated shoots was stimulated in liquid MS medium containing 3.0 mg l−1 zeatin, 0.01 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.3 mg l−1 NAA. Shoots were rooted on modified MS medium with 1.0 mg l−1 NAA. Rooted plantlets were successfully established under greenhouse conditions.
Characterization of the Concentration-Dependence of Solute Diffusivity and Partitioning in a Model Dextran–Agarose Transport System

This study reports experimental measurements of solute diffusivity and partition coefficient for various solute concentrations and gel porosities, and proposes novel constitutive relations to describe these observed values. The longer-term aim is to explore the theoretical ramifications of accommodating variations in diffusivity and partition coefficient with solute concentration and tissue porosity, and investigate whether they might suggest novel mechanisms not previously recognized in the field of solute transport in deformable porous media. The study implements a model transport system of agarose hydrogels to investigate the effect of solute concentration and hydrogel porosity on the transport of dextran polysaccharides. The proposed phenomenological constitutive relations are shown to provide better fits of experimental results than prior models proposed in the literature based on the microstructure of the gel. While these constitutive models were developed for the transport of dextran in agarose hydrogels, it is expected that they may also be applied to the transport of similar molecular weight solutes in other porous media. This quantification can assist in the application of biophysical models that describe biological transport in deformable tissues, as well as the cell cytoplasm.
Oral and Dermal Administration of Clarified Slurry Oil to Male C3H Mice

Clarified slurry oil (CSO) is the heavy residual material produced in the fluidized catalytic cracking unit ofa petroleum refinery. CSO was administered via gavage or dermal application to male C3H mice (10/group) at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/d, 5 d/wk, for up to 10 weeks. Interim sacrifices were performed after 2, 4, 8, and 10 weeks of treatment for orally exposed and control mice ; dermally exposed mice were sacrificed after 10 weeks. Fifty percent of the dermal mice died prior to scheduled sacrifice. Deaths observed in the oral group were attributed to apparent misintubations, not to CSO exposure. Mice exposed orally for 2, 4, or 8 weeks (but not 10 weeks) exhibited significantly increased absolute (A) and relative (R) liver weights, while all oral mice (including those sacrificed after 10 weeks) had significantly decreased A and R thymus weights when compared to controls. Dermal mice had significantly increased R liver weights and significantly decreased A and R thymus weights. After 2 weeks most oral mice showed hepatocyte hypertrophy. A few mice showed liver necrosis. Liver findings increased in incidence and severity until 8 weeks ofexposure. After 10 weeks, the liver of most oral mice showed the same or less discernible morphologic pathology than was observed after 2 weeks. At 10 weeks, dermal mice showed the previously described liver effects, except that liver necrosis was severe, and evidence of fibrosis was observed. In summary, although CSO was hepatotoxic, oral mice showed signs of liver recovery after 10 weeks of exposure despite continued treatment. Thus, CSO appears to be more toxic to mice when administered dermally than orally. Humans are more likely to come into contact with these lipids by dermal rather than by oral exposure.
Comparative Toxicity of Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos, and Aldicarb to Four Aquatic Testing Organisms

Laboratory toxicity data contrasting responses of aquatic organisms to insecticides are important for focusing on sensitive species (steepest exposure-response slope) exposed to aqueous concentrations of these insecticides in field studies. These data also allow prediction of expected responses of aquatic species to a range of insecticide concentrations in situ. Aqueous 48-h toxicity tests were performed to contrast responses of Daphnia magna Straus, Hyalella azteca Saussure, Chironomus tentans Fabricius, and Pimephales promelas Rafinesque to acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides: chlorpyrifos, aldicarb, and chlordane. As expected, invertebrates tested (H. azteca, C. tentans, and D. magna) were ≥ 200 times more sensitive than the vertebrate P. promelas to chlorpyrifos exposures. H. azteca was approximately 3.5 times more sensitive to chlorpyrifos (453% mortality/μg/L) than D. magna (128% mortality/μg/L). For both aldicarb and chlordane, C. tentans was the most sensitive species tested (2.44 and 2.54% mortality/μg/L, respectively). Differences in chlordane potency for test species varied only by a factor of approximately 2–3 (0.88% mortality/μg/L for H. azteca to 2.54% mortality/μg/L for C. tentans). Although point estimates of population responses such as LC50s, NOECs, and LOECs are of some utility for predicting effects of pesticides in aquatic systems, exposure-response slopes are also useful for extrapolation of laboratory data to diverse field situations, especially where sediment sorption may regulate insecticide exposure or bioavailability.
Hamiltonian degree conditions which imply a graph is pancyclic

Abstract We use a recent cycle structure theorem to prove that three well-known hamiltonian degree conditions (due to Chvatal, Fan, and Bondy) each imply that a graph is either pancyclic, bipartite, or a member of an easily identified family of exceptions.
Late Paleocene demise of the Kula-Pacific spreading center

A new plate history for the northeast Pacific, formulated from compiled magnetic-anomaly data, indicates that the Kula-Pacific ridge ceased spreading in late Paleocene time (about 56 to 59 m.y. B.P.). Magnetic anomalies 32 to 25 (70 to 59 m.y. B.P.) show the configuration of the Kula-Pacific-Farallon triple junction. Between anomalies 24 and 22 (56 to 53 m.y. B.P.), the southeast- and northeast-trending limbs of this triple junction fragmented and formed one set of north-trending ridge segments separated by transform faults. This realignment of spreading centers requires the simultaneous deactivation of the west-trending Kula-Pacific ridge. The removal of the Kula-Pacific ridge as a topographic barrier allows derivation of Aleutian Abyssal Plain turbidites directly from southern Alaska during Eocene and Oligocene time. Cessation of spreading along the Kula-Pacific ridge may have been caused by partial subduction of the ridge beneath the Aleutian arc. This model of ridge demise limits the amount of subsequent underthrusting of the Pacific plate and apparently requires the independence of southern Alaska from North America during early Tertiary time.
Diffusion coefficients of gallium(III) in potassium nitrate and potassium chloride supporting electrolytes

The diffusion coefficient values of Ga"' in potassium nitrate and potassium chloride supporting electrolytes have been obtained polarographically. The half-wave potential, and E3/4-E1,4 values have also been determined. The E3/4 - EIl4 values confirm the irreversibility of Ga"' reduction in KN03 and KC1 electrolytes
Theoretical analysis of radiation pulses in the NIST/NRL FEL oscillator☆

Abstract The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)/Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) FEL program utilizes a cw race-track microtron as a driver for an FEL oscillator. The FEL is designed to operate at an average power of 10–200 W, with a repetition rate of 66.111 MHz and a pulse width of 3 ps, the wavelength being tunable over the range of 0.2–10 μm. The radiation quality depends on the resonator design, mirror detuning, mirror degradation, intracavity amplitude, electron beam stability, electron beam quality and FEL gain. We have a linearized, low gain, small-signal FEL oscillator code with a finite length electron pulse to evaluate startup and a self-consistent nonlinear pulse propagation code Julie to model the FEL oscillator at saturation. The calculations determine the mirror detuning range in the linear, small-signal regime for operation at different wavelengths. The calculations show that the electron beam jitter decreases the average gain, but will not stop the FEL from reaching saturation. Preliminary simulation results at saturation are presented.
Excited state dynamics of the third-order nonlinear optical response in diphenylhexatriene

Conjugated organic molecules and polymer systems are of interest due to the delocalized (pi) -electron systems which give rise to large values of (chi) (3)(-(omega) ;(omega) ,(omega) ,-(omega) ), with extremely fast response times, in wavelength regimes where there is minimal background absorption. We have previously presented theoretical results demonstrating that (chi) (3)(-(omega) ;(omega) ,(omega) ,-(omega) ) can be further increased for nonlinear optical processes originating from real population of electronic excited states in conjugated linear chains. In this paper, a dynamical model is developed for the time evolution of the degenerate four wave mixing susceptibility (gamma) (-(omega) ;(omega) ,(omega) ,-(omega) ).© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Scattering recoil coincidence spectrometry

Abstract A spectrometry has been developed which combines Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and elastic recoil detection (ERD) into a coincidence measurement over very large solid angles. This highly sensitive method is especially appropriate for profiling light elements in a self-supporting foil which is prone to radiation damage. The large solid angle coincidence idea can also significantly improve analysis by nuclear reactions, including neutron depth profiling.
Kaposi's sarcoma human herpesvirus K1 interferes with FAS-mediated apoptosis and stimulates clonal growth and lymphoid hyperplasia

Background Infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus, is associated with the development of primary effusion lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. A transmembrane protein of HHV-8, K1, is readily expressed in these tumors, and the expression of K1 alone causes hyperplasia of lymph nodes and lymphomas in mice. The exact mechanism of how K1 causes hyperplasia and lymphomas in K1-expressing mice is not known. The cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) of K1 was previously shown to be involved in activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, we have recently shown that K1 suppresses Fasmediated apoptosis through its extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain and that K1-transfected mice survive a lethal dose of agonistic anti-Fas antibody (Jo2). We thus hypothesized that development of hyperplasia and lymphomas in K1-expressing mice is driven by alterations in Fas signaling.
Cardiac Output Augmentation During Hypoxemia Improves Cerebral Metabolism After Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Background Hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) impairs cerebral oxygen delivery (CDO 2 ) and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO 2 ), which are further reduced by perioperative hypoxemia. This study investigates if continuous hypothermic low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (HLF) or intermittent hypothermic low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (IHLF) can prevent reductions in CDO 2 and CMRO 2 during hypoxemia. Methods Eighteen neonatal piglets, cooled to 16° to 18°C with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), were randomly assigned into three groups: HCA, HLF (50 cc·kg −1 ·min −1 ), or IHLF (1 minute of HLF for every 15 minutes of HCA). After 60 minutes of hypothermia, normothermic CPB (100 cc·kg −1 ·min −1 ) was established and cerebral perfusion data measured at hyperoxemia (PaO 2 150 to 250 mm Hg), hypoxemia (PaO 2 50 to 60 mm Hg), and severe hypoxemia (PaO 2 30 to 40 mm Hg), and with increased CPB flow (200 cc·kg −1 ·min −1 ) during severe hypoxemia. Results The CMRO 2 (in mL O 2 ·100 g −1 ·min −1 ) was lower after HCA (2.5 ± 0.3), compared with HLF (4.1 ± 0.5, p = 0.02) and IHLF (6.2 ± 0.8, p = 0.002). Within groups, the change from hyperoxemia to severe hypoxemia resulted in decreased CMRO 2 : HCA (1.3 ± 0.2, p = 0.004), HLF (3.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.01), and IHLF (2.9 ± 0.5, p = 0.01). During severe hypoxemia, increasing CPB flow (from 100 cc·kg −1 ·min −1 to 200 cc·kg −1 ·min −1 ) improved CMRO 2 : HCA (1.9 ± 0.5, p = 0.05), HLF (4.2 ± 0.5, p = 0.05), and IHLF (7.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.04). Conclusions Hypoxemia reduces CDO 2 and CMRO 2 despite the method of hypothermic CPB. Increased CPB flow during hypoxemia can restore both CDO 2 and CMRO 2 to values found with hyperoxemia and slower CPB flows. Augmenting cardiac output during periods of perioperative hypoxemia may prevent cerebral injury after exposure to hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.
CAD for integrated MEMS design

The long term impact of MEMS technology will be in its ability novel sensing and actuation functionality on traditional computing and communication devices enabling the ubiquitous digital computer to interact with the world around it. The design of such integrated system will occur at the system level, driven primarily by the application. Methodologies that ease the integration of the digital domain to the real world using mixed domain technologies are therefore crucial. A hierarchical structured design approach that is compatible with standard IC design is outlined. It starts with schematic capture of a design topology, followed by behavioral simulation, layout generation, parasitic extraction, and final verification. This flow is based on a process-independent design representation of commonly used MEMS building blocks, and process-dependent materials properties, design rules, and parasitic parameters.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optimal design and control of a cross-ply laminate for maximum frequency and minimum dynamic response

Abstract Optimal thickness design and optimal closed-loop and open-loop distributed control functions are determined for a symmetric, cross-ply laminate. The design/control problem is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem by taking a performance index which comprises a weighted sum of the design and control objectives and a penalty functional of the control force. The design objective is the maximization of the fundamental frequency. The control objective is the minimization of the dynamic response of the plate, which is expressed in terms of the energy of the structure. The design/control problem is solved using two different approaches, namely closed-loop (feedback) control and the open-loop control. In the former approach, displacement and velocity feedback controls are employed. In the latter approach, the open-loop control involves an unknown control function which is determined optimally using a maximum principle. The design variables are determined by direct minimization of the design and control objectives. Numerical results are presented for a rectangular laminate made of an advanced composite material. Comparisons are given for controlled and uncontrolled laminates as well as for optimally designed and non-optimal laminates.
The independent secretion of acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor by the human stomach.

Summary The secretion of acid, pepsin, and "intrinsic factor" in the gastric juice was studied. The independence of the three factors was emphasized. The stages of gastric secretory failure could be arranged in a natural downward progression. All gradations between normal patients with normal production of all three factors and patients with complete absence of all three factors were studied. Gastric biopsy was carried out in selected patients and it was emphasized that, while correlation between gastric secretion and gastric histology was not absolute, certain general groups were discoverable. These were described in detail.
A study of user experiences mediated by nomadic web content in a museum

How should nomadic web content be designed to improve and transform user experiences in a hands-on museum? In this study, 15 users were studied while using an electronic guidebook designed to augment user experiences via wireless technologies at the Exploratorium, an interactive science museum. Several recurring themes emerged from the analysis, such as users' sense of isolation and users' attempts to make a seamless transition between real-place and virtual contexts. This paper shares a preliminary framework for organising user interactions with handheld devices, user experiences based on interviews and insights regarding the role of nomadic web content.