cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigating Communication Infrastructure of Next Generation Air Traffic Management

Growing demand for use of the National Airspace System (NAS) has resulted in research and development programs to modernize the air traffic control system. The primary focus of the US FAA's Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) plan is to transform the air transportation system into a more flexible, adaptive, and highly automated system capable of handling two to three times the current traffic. According to the NextGen plan, Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) is designed to improve the safety, capacity, and efficiency of the NAS. ADS-B works by broadcasting flight information such as the flight number, position, speed and intent using satellite-based navigation systems, to other aircraft or air traffic control facilities. Our research interests focus on the interoperability of the ADS-B data link with existing surveillance systems and operational ability of ADS-B to assist the flight crew by meeting safety assurance. Because the NAS involves a multitude of inter-acting agents and technologies, the high complexity of integrated sensing and decision support for the air traffic control is the main challenge. We have developed a simulation environment which includes an air traffic model, existing surveillance systems, ADS-B systems, and wireless channel model. The critical issue of the interoperability and collaboration between existing systems and ADS-B is validated. Two parts of the interference issue are analysed: (1) interference from ADS-B to existing systems, and (2) interference from existing systems to the ADS-B. It is shown that ADS-B meets the performance requirements of both air-to-ground and air-to-air ranges. Furthermore, the effect of ground surveillance systems and aircraft density to the ADS-B performance along the flight path is analysed.
Population Genetics and Phylogeography of Ixodes scapularis from Canines and Deer in Arkansas

The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, is the principal vector of Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner east of the Rocky Mountains. The population genetic structure was determined using DNA sequences of a 253-bp region of the mitochondrial DNA rRNA 16S gene from 46 blacklegged ticks collected from canines, Canis lupus familiaris L., and white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), in four Arkansas ecoregions. Of the 253 nucleotide characters, 21 were variable. Eighteen haplotypes were identified of which 11 occurred only once. Most of the sequences were haplotype Ix9 (30%) which was found in all three ecoregions and on both host species. Molecular phylogenetic relationship of the 18 blacklegged tick haplotypes was constructed using other Ixodes species as outgroup taxa, and two I. scapularis clades were found representing the American and Southern lineages. Our results indicated that blacklegged tick is genetically variable in Arkansas, and the presence of the American lineage increases the risk for Lyme disease in Arkansas.
Outline of a roadmap for compiler technology

Compiler technology has been a major subfield of computer science ever since the first compilers were developed in the late 1950s. Compilers made possible the development of today's efficient and sophisticated software at an affordable cost, thus playing a crucial role in popularizing computers. Though we have learned much over 40 years about compiler development tools, internal compiler organization, parsing techniques, and optimization algorithms, sustained progress in computer usability and performance will require much more research in this area. The paper discusses a few important challenges in compiler technology.
CORE: A combinatorial game-theoretic framework for coexistence rendezvous in DSA networks

Rendezvous is a vital process for connection establishment and recovery in dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks. Frequency hopping (FH) is an effective rendezvous method that does not rely on a predetermined control channel. Recently, quorum-based FH approaches have been proposed for enabling asynchronous rendezvous between two or more secondary users (SUs). In this paper, we consider two collocated secondary networks, each represented by a pair of SUs. Both networks try to rendezvous concurrently, each aiming at maximizing its rendezvous performance, as measured by the average time-to-rendezvous and the number of rendezvous opportunities. To study this form of coexistence rendezvous, we follow a non-cooperative combinatorial game-theoretic framework, which we refer to as CORE. In this framework, SUs have different preferences towards various available licensed channels. Assuming first that SUs are time-synchronized, we formulate the interactions between the two networks as a two-player symmetric combinatorial game. We show the existence and uniqueness of a finite-population evolutionary stable strategy for this game. Furthermore, we conjecture that the game attains a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium (NE) for a wide range of design parameters. We also show that when SU pairs have the same preference towards all available channels, our game is an exact potential game, and hence the sequential best-response update is guaranteed to converge to a pure-strategy NE. We then study the time-asynchronous rendezvous game when SU pairs have the same preference towards all available channels. In this case, the game is also shown to be an exact potential game.
Variational Inequality Models of Ideal Dynamic User-Optimal Route Choice Problems

In this chapter, we present both route-based and link-based variational inequality models for the ideal dynamic user-optimal route choice problem. In Section 13.1, a route-time-based VI model for ideal DUO route choice is proposed. This model is the most straight-forward formulation of route-time-based, ideal DUO route choice conditions. In Section 13.2, a multi-group route-time-based VI model is developed. In this model, each group of travelers is associated with a disutility function. Thus, the route-based ideal DUO route choice conditions are defined for each group of travelers on the basis of travel disutilities instead of travel times only.
Are Restaurant Franchisees Getting a Positive Return on Their Advertising Fees

Abstract This study examines two primary issues related to conflict in franchiser-franchisee relationships in the restaurant industry: the effectiveness of national advertising campaigns with respect to returns to franchisee advertising investment and the potential for data aggregation bias resulting from system-wide analyses. The results suggest that a large proportion of chains do not realize a positive, immediate return to franchisee advertising investment and that data aggregation can lead to false advertising response estimates.
Role of MicroRNAs in NAFLD/NASH

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, 18-25 nucleotide, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Each miRNA can regulate hundreds of target genes, and vice versa each target gene can be regulated by numerous miRNAs, suggesting a very complex network and explaining how miRNAs play pivotal roles in fine-tuning essentially all biological processes in all cell types in the liver. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with an outlook to the broader aspects of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we discuss the role of miRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in NAFLD/NASH.
Well-Demarcated, Scaly Plaques

A 46-year-old woman presented with well-demarcated erythematous scaly plaques, with central clearing, on her chest, back, flanks, and groin. She reported that the eruption worsens with warmer weather but reported no other pain or rash. What would you do next?
Orthopaedic Surgery Essentials: Spine

Christopher M. Bono and Steven R. Garfin, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004. 343 pages. $99.00. The aim of this comprehensive text on the spine was to provide a single-source reference for residents who are rotating through the subspecialty of spinal surgery. Multiple authors (fifty-six) collaborated and contributed to this work. The text is organized with a focus on diagnostic categories but also includes sections on assessment, surgery, and general knowledge. The authors have achieved their goal to provide an easily accessible and …
Time-Resolved Configuration Interaction

A new, general method for separating electronic from vibrational interactions within molecules uses Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy into different electronic states of the ionization continuum.
Climatic Shocks and Child Human Capital: Evidence from Ethiopia

We examine the impact of four different climatic shocks as perceived by households and community representatives on child learning and health outcomes in Ethiopia; one of the poorest countries in S...
Design and Development of a Meso-Scale Cyclocopter

This paper describes the design, development and flight testing of a meso-scale cyclocopter. Weighing only 29 grams, the present vehicle is the smallest cycloidal rotor based aircraft ever built. Unlike the previous cyclocopters, the current prototype utilizes a novel light weight (3 grams) cycloidal rotor design with cantilevered blades having semi-elliptical planform shape and no exposed rotor shaft. To minimize bending deflections the blades use a unique, lightweight (0.15 grams each) but high strength-to-weight ratio unidirectional carbon-fiber based structural design and are fabricated using a specialized manufacturing process. The blade kinematics was chosen through systematic performance measurements conducted using a custom-built miniature three-component force balance. Based on experimental parametric studies, symmetric blade kinematics with a pitch amplitude of 45° provided the highest thrust and power loading (thrust/power) and was used in the final rotor design. The airframe is fabricated using a combination of carbon-fiber and state-of-the-art 3D printing techniques. The attitude control strategy utilizes a combination of rpm-control of the two cycloidal-rotors/tail-rotor and thrust vectoring of the cycloidal rotors. The control strategy is implemented on a custom-built 1.3 gram autopilot, which uses a closedloop proportional-derivative controller for hover stability. The vehicle has been systematically flight tested by tuning the feedback gains and has demonstrated marginal stability in hover.
Optimal Tax Risk and Firm Value

I use the tax reserve data available from FIN 48 to investigate whether equity market value and tax risk exhibit a concave association, consistent with an optimal level of tax risk from an equity valuation standpoint. I find a concave association between tax risk and firm value which suggests firm value is increasing in tax risk at a diminishing rate until an optimal level is reached, after which firm value is decreasing in tax risk. I do not find evidence of excessive risk taking in the context of tax avoidance. Instead investors appear to reward higher levels of tax risk, on average, than are currently observed. For most firms in my sample the impact of tax risk on firm value is driven mostly by investor estimations of future cash flows. However, initial evidence suggests that for the most tax risky firms investors also apply a higher discount rate to estimations of future cash flows.
The ‘making of men’: the idea and reality of Newman’s university in Oxford and Dublin

To most historians of education, both Newman and ‘the idea’ in the title of this book are clear indications of what lies ahead: a look at Cardinal John Henry Newman and his life as a ground-breakin...
Ziyin Qingre Liangxue Method in Treatment of Postpartum Persistent Flow of Lochia:A report of 70 cases

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of the law Ziyin Qingre Liangxue treatment of postpartum persistent flow of lochia.Methods:120 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups,the treatment group of 70 cases,application of Ziyin Qingre Liangxue composed of Ziyin Qingre Liangxue side(prescription:Ejiao,Chinese wolfberry son,habitat,Cortex Moutan,TPG,motherwort,dandelion,Houttuynia cordata) treatment.The control group of 50 cases,the application of oxytocin,motherwort tablets and capsules cefradine treatment.Results:Significant efficiency,and the total efficiency of the treatment group were 61.4%,94.3%,and the control group were 56% and 80%.The total efficiency of the two groups,the difference was significant(P0.05).Intrauterine remnants of the treatment group,25 cases,cured 21 cases,accounting for 84 percent,the control group of 20 cases of intrauterine residual cured 10 cases,accounting for 50 percent.The cure rate of intrauterine remnants of the two groups,the difference was significant(P0.05).Conclusion:Treatment Ziyin Qingre Liangxue postpartum persistent flow of lochia satisfied with the effect.
Coherent Measurement of Pulse Radar

This paper introduces a method for coherent measurement of pulse radar using realtime spectrum analyzer.
Total and Specific Immunoglobulin Response to Acute and Chronic Urinary Tract Infections in a Rat Model

Total and specific levels of immunoglobulins IgG, A and M were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a rat model of urinary tract infections (cystitis) during the early and late phases of infection. The early response was characterized by rapid rise in IgM in serum and urine. This response decreased rapidly and was undetectable in urine after eight weeks. Correlation between total serum and urine levels of IgM was not found although a chronological relationship was observed. Total and specific serum and urine IgA responses were erratic. Concentrations of IgA were low and this antibody class was undetectable in urine until the infection had been established for six weeks. In contrast, total serum and urine IgG increased in concentration at five days post infection and reached total maximum by weeks four to eight, then declined, but remained detectable over 24 weeks. Specific IgG titers remained elevated in serum but declined in urine between four and 10 weeks. A correlation between total serum and total urine IgG was found. Also, bacteria generated a concomitant nonspecific response, a part of which was detected against a common antigen expressed on E. coli J5 strain that cross-reacts with a number of gram negative genera. The results show that IgM chronologically is the first antibody to appear in increased amounts in the serum and urine, followed by IgG. The data also suggests a relationship exists between total serum IgG and total urine IgG which may affect the host's ability to eliminate urinary infection.
The role of nuclear imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The diagnostic role of acute infarct imaging with 99mTc-pyrophosphate, myocardial perfusion imaging, and gated blood pool imaging in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction is evaluated. Situations in which nuclear imaging is indicated and guidelines for the use of imaging in the setting of acute myocardial infarction are suggested.
Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease

The role of inflammation in initiating and sustaining various cardiovascular problems, including the conversion from stable to unstable coronary heart disease syndromes, vascular aneurysms, and congestive heart failure is reviewed. Various interventions that reduce inflammation in the coronary arteries and hearts in humans, including marked lipid lowering, weight loss, Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors agonists (PPAR), aspirin, and monoclonal antibodies to vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular vascular adhesion molecule (ICAM) are identified. Whereas estrogens may promote increases in vascular markers suggesting the presence of inflammation, recent evidence suggests that combined estrogen and progesterone in postmenopausal women may reduce the vascular markers of inflammation. However, the combination of estrogens and progesterone may actually increase the risk of vascular events in menopausal women with cardiovascular disease. Additional work is needed to identify the best ways to prevent and/or modulate vascular and myocardial inflammation with the expectation that from these interventions will come the ability to treat more effectively and perhaps retard the development of atherosclerosis, heart failure and vascular aneurysms.
Enhanced radiative emission from monolayer MoS2 films using a single plasmonic dimer nanoantenna

By thinning transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) to monolayer form, a direct bandgap semiconductor emerges which opens up opportunities for use in optoelectronic devices. However, absorption and radiative emission is drastically reduced which hinders their applicability for practical devices. One way to address this challenge is to design plasmonic resonators that localize electric fields within or near the two-dimensional (2D) material to confine excitation fields and increase Purcell factors. Previous studies have successfully utilized this method for enhancing radiative emission in 2D-TMDCs by using large area plasmonic arrays that exhibit complex plasmonic interactions due to near and far-field couplings that take place over many periods. In this study, we demonstrate the photoluminescence enhancements in monolayer MoS2 under single Au nanoantennas which only exhibit near-field interactions. Here, the enhancements originate from excitation of near-field plasmons confined within 20 nm of monolayer ...
Distinguishing Features of the Repetitive Nerve Stimulation Test Between Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis, 50-Year Reappraisal

Objective To reappraise the distinguishing features of the repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) tests in the abductor digiti quinti muscle between myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) 50 years after the 1965's Lambert seminal paper. Methods The various parameters of the RNS test were compared between 34 patients with LEMS and 140 patients with MG to assess their diagnostic sensitivity. Results RNS test was abnormal in all (100%) patients with LEMS and 76 (54%) patients with MG. The diagnostic hallmark of LEMS, ≥60% increment at high-rate stimulation or postexercise facilitation, was present in 33 (97%) of patients. The diagnostic hallmark of MG, decrement at low-rate stimulation (LRS), was present in 65 (46%) of patients with MG. The most prominent difference in the various parameters of RNS tests was noted between LEMS versus MG and normal controls. Conclusions Distinguishing features of the RNS test in LEMS and MG are confirmed in this direct comparison study: the low compound muscle action potential amplitude, decrement at LRS, and increment at high-rate stimulation or postexercise facilitation for LEMS and normal compound muscle action potential amplitude and decrement at LRS for MG.
The Neural Tourniquet

Bioelectronic medicine aims to understand and harness the beneficial effects of the nervous system and neural circuits to diagnose, treat and prevent disease. For example, targeted electrical stimulation devices can recapitulate endogenous neural signaling and control debilitating symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. Perhaps equally as important, electrical stimulation devices demonstrate efficacy where traditional drug therapies fail. As biomedical research continues to reveal critical neural regulatory pathways, there is tremendous potential to expand and incorporate bioelectronic medicine into current treatment paradigms. In this review, we introduce a recently characterized neural pathway, termed the inflammatory reflex, which monitors and regulates systemic inflammation via afferent and efferent vagus nerve signaling. We then describe how stimulation of the vagus nerve and activation of the inflammatory reflex rapidly and specifically curtail traumatic hemorrhage through a novel mechanism termed the neural tourniquet. Finally, we identify how bioelectronic medicine can help harness the protective effects of vagus nerve signaling and the neural tourniquet to protect patients against surgical and traumatic hemorrhage.
Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor Gene Expression in Normal and Pathological States

Most of the biological actions of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)/somatomedin C are initiated by its binding to the IGF-I receptor, a heterotetrameric glycoprotein structurally related to the insulin receptor1. The presence of IGF-I receptors in most body tissues suggests that it mediates many different effects. Indeed, IGF-I has been shown to be involved not only in endocrine functions, such as the mediation of growth hormone’s effect on longitudinal growth, but it is also involved in many autocrine/paracrine systems at the local tissue level2,3. These biological actions include both short-term, metabolic effects (similar in nature to those stimulated by insulin) as well as long term, growth promoting actions. It is not surprising then, that the IGF- I receptor should be able to respond to various tissue — and development- specific stimuli. To study the expression of the IGF-I receptor gene in both physiological and pathological conditions in a convenient animal model, we undertook the cloning of rat IGF-I receptor cDNAs.
Computational Issues in the Kinematic Design of Tactile Sensing Fixtures

This paper discusses computational issues in kinematic design of tactile sensing fixtures used in robotics applications. It deals with mechanical fixtures built or modeled by feature surfaces consisting of planes, spheres, and cylinders. It develops the governing equations for locating each of these geometric objects using tactile sensing probes. It shows that although four points are needed to locate a sphere, in many applications sensing three points is sufficient for referencing. In the case of a cylinder it is shown that in general six points are necessary and that in many applications five points are sufficient for locating the cylinder. The paper reduces the governing equations for a cylinder to a set of polynomial equations consisting of a second-degree and a third-degree equation. The solutions of this set are found using symbolic computations. The results are applied to the kinematic design and analysis of a mechanical fixture consisting of a sphere and a cylinder as its feature surfaces.
A Behavior Mining Method by Visual Features and Activity Sequences in Institution-based Care

This paper proposed a behavior mining method through discriminative visual feature extraction from disabled elder caring. Nursing activities for bed-ridden residents were manually annotated from video data which was collected and provided by a care center. The variation grid sequences are extracted as discriminative features from the difference blobs of successive image frames. The sequential association rules are trained based on the grid sequences for each nursing activity category. A similarity measure between test video segment and related rules is proposed for nursing activity recognition. Through empirical evaluation on annotated video dataset, the proposed approach is very promising for nursing activity discrimination through the sequences of visual features.
Analysis of Residual Stress Fields Using Linear Elasticity Theory

In one of the most comprehensive books on mieroplasticity, Mura[l] defines residual stresses as the “self-equilibrating internal stresses existing in a free body which has no external forces or constraints acting on its boundary”. These stresses arise from the elastic response of the material to an inhomogeneous distribution of nonelastic strains such as plastic strains, precipitation, phase transformation, misfit, thermal expansion strains, etc. For example, mechanical deformation processes that cause plastic deformation in the surface layers of the material, such as shot-peening, grinding, machining, etc., cause residual stresses in these layers because of the constraining effect of the bulk, where plastic deformation is minimal. These stresses are called macrostresses. Since the surface layers will also constrain the bulk in return, the bulk material will also have residual stresses even though it may not have suffered deformation. It is also possible to have residual stresses when a multi-phase body, where the phases have different yield points, is pulled in uniaxial tension. The macrostress field in the deformed material will be negligible since the material will have the same plastic strains at all depths. The inhomogeneous distribution of yield points in the material volume, however, causes an inhomogeneous partitioning of the plastic strains between the phases, which, due to the constraining effect of the stronger phases on the weaker ones, causes a residual stress field to form. Residual stresses of this type are called microstresses.
Conscious Sedation and Deep Sedation, Including Neuromuscular Blockade

Conscious sedation and deep sedation of intensive care unit (ICU) patients requiring procedures is both common and necessary. Guidelines exist for the sustained use of sedatives, analgesics, and paralytics 1,2 but not for their procedural use. Anecdotal experience serves as the basis for using analgesia when a critically ill patient undergoes bronchoscopy and to not do so when that same patient gets endotracheally suctioned. Few investigations have questioned the historically firm notion that some procedures require sedation and others do not.
Phase 0 Trials in Oncology

First-in-human clinical studies (phase I) of new anticancer agents have traditionally focused on determining the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicities in patients with cancer. Subsequent phase II and III trials evaluate whether the new agent has potential efficacy. This process is time consuming, expensive, involves potentially hundreds of patients, and has a high rate of failure. To address some of these limitations and facilitate the development and approval of new drugs, the FDA allows phase 0 first-in-human trials to establish whether the investigational agent achieves the desired concentrations and/or modulates its target at clinically achievable concentrations. These trials administer subtherapeutic doses of drug, which are not anticipated to cause toxicity, to a small number of patients for the conduct of pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, or imaging studies. If the agent demonstrates a desirable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile, traditional phase I safety and tolerability studies are conducted; otherwise, further clinical development of the agent is unlikely to be justified. This chapter summarizes the key differences between phase 0 and phase I clinical trials.
Microdata and Policy Evaluation at CPB

The role of microdata and policy evaluation has become more important over time at CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. CPB’s value added is the focus on the Dutch context: the data, the underlying institutions and the research topics. This chapter provides four examples of microeconometric research at the CPB: labour participation of parents with young children, tax shifting by small corporations, teacher quality and student achievement and performance-based pay in mental health care. In these examples, CPB combines the strengths of structural models and policy evaluation models with large datasets. Next to this research, the importance of good communication strategies to policy-makers is emphasized.
How durable is the nuclear weapons taboo

The nuclear weapons taboo is considered one of the strongest norms in international politics. A prohibition against using nuclear weapons has seemingly shaped state behavior for nearly seven decade...
Dramatic Networks: Marginalized Economics and Labour in the Norwich Grocers' Play

Using actor-network theory, this essay argues that the Norwich Grocers’ Play creates a dramatic network among the city of Norwich, the actors of the play, and the marginal audience members from Norwich and its surrounding countryside when read in light of the Norwich Corporation assembly minute of 1527 and the history of social unrest culminating in Kett’s Rebellion of 1549. The staging, costuming, and language of the play all function to ally the audience with the salvation history presented in the play and, in so doing, ensure the continued peace and prosperity of Norwich in the later 1560s despite challenges that could have led to unrest mirroring that experienced in the 1540s.
This Marker I Call My Body: Coloniality and Racism in the Academy

Women of colour have had to navigate a particular set of interpersonal and structural challenges in the academy that frustrate and deny their aspirations. These concerns defy a simplistic analysis,...
Technology Enhanced Teaching and Learning: Exploration of Faculty Adaptation to iPad Delivered Curriculum

Technology integration into post-secondary education may enhance curriculum delivery and student learning experiences. However technology integration also requires faculty to adapt current teaching practices. Many factors contribute to faculty members’ successful integration of technology into curriculum. In fall 2013, the Bachelor of Science in Nursing and Doctor of Nursing Practice programs at one Midwestern university adopted the use of iPads by students and faculty. Four years after implementation, college leadership wanted to understand faculty members’ perception of the change. Therefore the purpose of this study was to explore faculty perceptions of what factors influenced iPads integration into curriculum. Investigators collected data from fourteen faculty members during two targeted focus groups. Two investigators analyzed transcripts of the focus group recordings using content analysis. Results yielded three major domains of factors: student attributes, faculty attributes, and device capabilities. Each domain provided unique factors viewed by faculty as influencing the success of technology integration. In addition, some factors were shared between domains - demonstrating interconnectedness. While faculty members identified key factors influencing successful technology implementation, results also uncovered challenges. Lessons learned, suggestions to address modifiable factors in the future, and recommendations for programs considering technology implementation are presented.
Reverse Left Ventricular Remodeling after Surgery in Primary Mitral Regurgitation: A Volume-Related Phased Process

Background: The short and long-term effects of volume overload elimination on left ventricular (LV) volumetric reverse-remodeling and systemic hemodynamic after surgery for chronic primary mitral r...
Utilizing the Parallel Simulation Infrastructure

In order to utilize parallel processing for low power and high performance in embedded systems, ESL models must contain explicit and efficient parallelism.
Overview of Wideband Fabry-Pérot Cavity Antennas with Thick Partially Reflective Surface

Radiation characteristics of wideband Fabry-Perot cavity (FPC) antennas formed by a cavity covered by thick partially reflective surfaces (PRSs) are shown analytically and verified numerically. Thick PRSs are designed and optimized to exhibit a reflection phase with positive slope with a non-Foster-like response in the antenna operational bandwidth. By satisfying the antenna resonance condition over a wide frequency band, a wide radiated-power bandwidth is obtained. A more general and direct relation between the thick-PRS's reflection coefficient and the radially propagating leaky-wave inside the cavity structure is reported. In addition, a leaky-wave based power intensity formula is studied and verified numerically using PRSs formed by stacks of metal-dielectric layers.
Small-scale energy cascade in homogeneous isotropic turbulence

The relationship between the energy flow and kinematics of the small-scale is investigated in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. The study employs a high order continuum theory to decouple the rotational motion from the translational motion and investigate the contribution of each field alone.
Mitonuclear conflict and cooperation govern the integration of genotypes, phenotypes and environments

The mitonuclear genome is the most successful co-evolved mutualism in the history of life on Earth. The cross-talk between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes has been shaped by conflict and cooperation for more than 1.5 billion years, yet this system has adapted to countless genomic reorganizations by each partner, and done so under changing environments that have placed dramatic biochemical and physiological pressures on evolving lineages. From putative anaerobic origins, mitochondria emerged as the defining aerobic organelle. During this transition, the two genomes resolved rules for sex determination and transmission that made uniparental inheritance the dominant, but not a universal pattern. Mitochondria are much more than energy-producing organelles and play crucial roles in nutrient and stress signalling that can alter how nuclear genes are expressed as phenotypes. All of these interactions are examples of genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions, gene-by-gene (GxG) interactions (epistasis) or more generally context-dependent effects on the link between genotype and phenotype. We provide evidence from our own studies in Drosophila, and from those of other systems, that mitonuclear interactions-either conflicting or cooperative-are common features of GxE and GxG. We argue that mitonuclear interactions are an important model for how to better understand the pervasive context-dependent effects underlying the architecture of complex phenotypes. Future research in this area should focus on the quantitative genetic concept of effect size to place mitochondrial links to phenotype in a proper context. This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking the mitochondrial genotype to phenotype: a complex endeavour'.
Effect of child abuse and neglect on risk behaviors in inner-city minority female adolescents and young adults

Abstract Background Over six million children each year are referred to child protective services for child abuse (sexual, physical and emotional) and neglect (physical and emotional). Objective While the relationship between child sexual abuse and sexually transmitted infections has been documented, there has been little research regarding the effects of other forms of maltreatment. Participants and setting 882 inner-city females aged 12–20 years of age seen at a large adolescent and young adult (AYA) health center in New York City between 2012–2017. Methods History of maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Associations with depressive symptoms, antisocial behavior, peer deviancy, drug/alcohol use, and risky sexual behaviors were assessed. Results History of maltreatment was common in our cohort of inner-city AYA females, with 59.6 % reporting any type of maltreatment, including sexual abuse (17.5 %), physical abuse (19.5 %) or neglect (26.2 %), and emotional abuse (30.7 %) or neglect (40.4 %). We observed significant associations between all forms of maltreatment and risk of depression, drug/alcohol use, antisocial behaviors, peer deviancy, and risky sexual risk behaviors (including having a higher number of sexual partners, having a sexual partner 5+ years older, and anal sex). Physical and emotional abuse were associated with having unprotected sex while under the influence of drugs/alcohol. Conclusions and relevance Reporting a history of maltreatment was associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in risky sexual and antisocial behaviors, as well as depression in inner-city female youth. These data highlight the broad, lingering repercussions of all types of child maltreatment.
Abstract 102: Reduced Hemorrhagic Transformation and Neurological Worsening with Neuroprotection (3K3A-APC) During Thrombolysis and Thrombectomy

Background: Agonism of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) potently protects neurons and vasculature in the central nervous system during stroke. We evaluated the effects of 3K3A-APC, a recombinan...
Acid-Induced, Oxygen-Atom Defect Formation in Reduced Polyoxovanadate-Alkoxide Clusters.

Here, we present the first example of acid-induced, oxygen-atom abstraction from the surface of a polyoxometalate cluster. Generation of the oxygen-deficient vanadium oxide, [V6O6(OC2H5)12]1–, was ...
KinPred: A unified approach and resource for human kinase-substrate predictions

Tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases are essential regulators of cell processes and are important targets for human therapies. Unfortunately, very little is known about specific kinase-substrate relationships, making it difficult to infer meaning from dysregulated phosphoproteomic datasets or for researchers to identify possible kinases that regulate specific or novel phosphorylation sites. The last two decades have seen an explosion in algorithms to extrapolate from what little is known into the larger unknown - predicting kinase-substrate relationships using a variety of approaches that include the sequence-specificity of kinase catalytic domains and various other factors, such as evolutionary relationships, co-expression, and protein-protein interaction networks. Unfortunately, a number of limitations prevent researchers from easily harnessing these resources, such as loss of resource accessibility, limited information in publishing that results in poor mapping to a human reference, using different kinase names, and not being updated to match the growth of the human phosphoproteome. Here, we propose a methodological framework for publishing predictions in a unified way, which entails ensuring predictions have been run on a current reference proteome, mapping the same substrates and kinases across resources to a common reference, filtering for the human phosphoproteome, and providing methods for updating the resource easily in the future. We applied this framework on three currently available resources, published in the last decade, which provide kinase-specific predictions in the human proteome. Using the unified datasets, we then explore the role of study bias, the emergent network properties of these predictors, and comparisons within and between predictors. The combination of the code for unification and analysis, as well as the unified predictors are available under the resource we named KinPred. We believe this resource will be useful for a wide range of applications and establishes best practices for future predictors for long-term usability and sustainability.
Evaluation of Onboard System State and Path Awareness Technologies During Transport Operations

Even after decades of continuous use, automation surprise and mode confusion are still prevalent in commercial airline operations. Without increased awareness of the aircraft and automation future state, crews have difficulty monitoring and managing flight path leading to clearance violations and the potential for loss of separation. A pilot-in-the-loop flight simulation study was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center to evaluate a path awareness display technology concept called “Automation Does What?” and an automation configuration display technology concept called “Automation Function Configuration Display”. The two technologies were evaluated and contrasted with a current state-of-the-art flight deck modeled from the Boeing B-787 using guided discussion and pilot comments. Objective and subjective data were collected from aircraft parameters, questionnaires, audio/video recordings, head/eye tracking data, and subject matter expert observations.
Bonding analysis of water clusters using quasi-atomic orbitals

The quasi-atomic orbital (QUAO) bonding analysis introduced by Ruedenberg and co-workers is used to develop an understanding of the hydrogen bonds in small water clusters, from the dimer through the hexamer (bag, boat, book, cyclic, prism and cage conformers). Using kinetic bond orders as a metric, it is demonstrated that as the number of waters in simple cyclic clusters increases, the hydrogen bonds strengthen, from the dimer through the cyclic hexamer. However, for the more complex hexamer isomers, the strength of the hydrogen bonds varies, depending on whether the cluster contains double acceptors and/or double donors. The QUAO analysis also reveals the three-center bonding nature of hydrogen bonds in water clusters.
Large-scale evaluation of pavement performance models utilizing automated pavement condition survey data

Abstract Pavement performance models are an essential component of a pavement management system (PMS) and have a direct impact on future pavement condition prediction, selection of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) methods, and budget planning and allocations. Therefore, it is critical to develop and maintain pavement performance models as accurate as possible. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has implemented a modern pavement management system called PaveM. To maintain the intended functions of PaveM, regular updates of its databases and key components are necessary, including pavement performance models. This paper aims to evaluate the network-level pavement performance models in PaveM by utilizing the concept of deterioration rate and the most recent automated pavement condition survey (APCS) data. First, the concept of pavement deterioration rate was defined. The actual deterioration rates were calculated using two latest cycles of APCS data and then compared to the predicted deterioration rates obtained using APCS data and the current configurations of PaveM. Two typical pavement distresses (International Roughness Index and Caltrans’ asphalt pavement alligator B cracking) for one selected pavement treatment (thin overlay) were predicted using PaveM and compared to the actual APCS measurements. The results from this study show that the concept of deterioration rate was effective in evaluating the overall quality of performance models in PaveM as well as identifying the time spans in which the models may over- or under-predict pavement performance.
Packet Based Modular Redundancy

Packet Based Modular Redundancy (PBMR) is a network control system middleware leveraging packet based networks to provide redundancy across the entire system. The concept is such that if information is captured/presented to the system (sensor node), and fewer than K (architect settable number) similar components have failed, then the information will reliably reach its end destination(s). Additionally, voting at the receiving node allows independent controller resources to act in a scalable modular redundant fashion. These benefits are realized by implementing four concepts – time synchronization, duplication, de-duplication and routing. This architecture’s goal is to decouple data integrity and modular redundancy from the application layer, allowing the redundancy architecture to be scaled independently of the software and logic leveraging it.
Introductory patient communication training for medical physics graduate students: Pilot experience.

Despite medical physics becoming a more patient-facing part of the radiation oncology team, medical physics graduate students have no training in patient communication. An introductory patient communication training for medical physics graduate students is presented here. This training exposes participants to foundational concepts and effective communication skills through a lecture and it allows them to apply these concepts through realistic simulated patient interactions. The training was conducted virtually, and eight students participated. The impact of the training was evaluated based on changes in both confidence and competence of the participants' patient communication skills. Participants were asked to fill out a survey to assess their confidence on communicating with patients before and after the training. They also underwent a simulated patient interaction pre- and postlecture. Their performance during these was evaluated by both the simulated patient actors and the participants themselves using a rubric. Each data set was paired and analyzed for significance using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test with an alpha of 0.05. Participants reported significantly higher confidence in their feeling of preparedness to interact with patients (mean = 2.38 vs. 3.88, p = 0.008), comfort interacting independently (mean = 2.00 vs. 4.00, p = 0.002), comfort showing patients they are actively listening (mean = 3.50 vs. 4.50, p = 0.005), and confidence handling challenging patient interactions (mean = 1.88 vs. 3.38, p = 0.01), after the training. Their encounter scores, as evaluated by the simulated patient actors, significantly increased (mean = 77% vs. 91%, p = 0.022). Self-evaluation scores increased, but not significantly (mean = 62% vs. 68%, p = 0.184). The difference between the simulated patient and self-evaluation scores for the postinstruction encounter was statistically significant (p = 0.0014). This patient communication training for medical physics graduate students is effective at increasing both the confidence and the competence of the participants in the subject. We propose that similar trainings be incorporated into medical physics graduate training programs prior to students entering into residency.
An Application of Decision-Tree-Based Support Vector Machines to Fault Diagnosis for Transformer

Based on the uncertainty of generating mechanism, the complexity of data processing, and the limitations of transformer fault sample data access, the fault diagnosis model is established using the method of Vector projection on Decision-tree-based support vector machines, that combining one-to-rest with rest-to-rest classification can solve the multi-classification problem better currently. The method of Vector projection aiming at N classification problem, just construct (N − 1) SVM classifiers and have no unrecognized sector and the classify process is faster. The classification according to calculate center distance of class and divisibility measure among classes to determine five kinds of fault location of transformer, which has better generalization ability. Test show that this method comparing with traditional three ratio method and neural network increase correct-sentence rat in fault diagnosis, which has better utility value.
Developing Cyber Competition Infrastructure Using the SCRUM Framework

In March 2012, the Rocky Mountain Collegiate Cyber Defense Competition (RMCCDC) was hosted at Regis University and attended by seven colleges from the region. CCDC was developed by the University of Texas in San Antonio to provide a structured environment for practical education tied to established information assurance learning objectives in the implementation of security techniques, strategies and processes. The Regis University infrastructure team designed the competition scenario to emulate an e-commerce web business. The pervasiveness of web application attacks resonated with the event developers at Regis University because of recent reported attacks against Valve, Inc. and their Steam video game retail and social networking service. This paper will outline at a high level the event architecture and technical infrastructure details, a discussion on Agile development methodologies (specifically SCRUM) and how they can be applied to competition infrastructure development.
Partial purification and properties of phosphatidylserine synthetase from Escherichia coli.

Abstract CDP-diglyceride: l-serine phosphatidyltransferase (phosphatidylserine synthetase) of Escherichia coli is tightly associated with ribosomes in crude cell-free extracts. The synthetase has now been separated from ribosomes by extraction with solutions containing 5 m NaCl and has been purified 100-fold. The partially purified enzyme is devoid of contaminating hydrolytic activities and nearly free of RNA. The enzyme catalyzes exchange reactions of CMP with CDP-diglyceride, and of serine with phosphatidylserine. Furthermore, the enzyme catalyzes the formation of CDP-diglyceride from phosphatidylserine and CMP, although the equilibrium strongly favors synthesis of phosphatidylserine. A phosphatidyl-enzyme intermediate may thus be involved in the action of this enzyme. Under the conditions employed in the assay system, however, this intermediate seems to be unstable, since the synthetase also hydrolyzes phosphatidylserine and CDP-diglyceride at a slow rate.