cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PanDA Pilot Submission using Condor-G: Experience and Improvements

PanDA (Production and Distributed Analysis) is the workload management system of the ATLAS experiment, used to run managed production and user analysis jobs on the grid. As a late-binding, pilot-based system, the maintenance of a smooth and steady stream of pilot jobs to all grid sites is critical for PanDA operation. The ATLAS Computing Facility (ACF) at BNL, as the ATLAS Tier1 center in the US, operates the pilot submission systems for the US. This is done using the PanDA 'AutoPilot' scheduler component which submits pilot jobs via Condor-G, a grid job scheduling system developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. In this paper, we discuss the operation and performance of the Condor-G pilot submission at BNL, with emphasis on the challenges and issues encountered in the real grid production environment. With the close collaboration of Condor and PanDA teams, the scalability and stability of the overall system has been greatly improved over the last year. We review improvements made to Condor-G resulting from this collaboration, including isolation of site-based issues by running a separate Gridmanager for each remote site, introduction of the 'Nonessential' job attribute to allow Condor to optimize its behavior for the specific character of pilot jobs, bettermore » understanding and handling of the Gridmonitor process, as well as better scheduling in the PanDA pilot scheduler component. We will also cover the monitoring of the health of the system.« less
Probable origin of measured supertanker radiated noise spectra

This paper will deal with initial measurements of the acoustic pressure levels radiated by the modern and largest merchant ships - the supertankers, greater than 100 thousand DWT, in the frequency band 2 to 80 Hz. Those shaft and blade rate lines detected are converted to source pressure levels (SPL) in dB// \mu Pa at 1m. For some selected lines a typical radiation pattern is constructed. A comparison is made of the measured and calculated blade rate tonals and a discussion is presented on several mechanisms for the enhancement of their harmonics.
A description of rhabdovirus-like particles in the mandibular gland of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus

Abstract A rhabdo-like virus (EGV-2) was observed proliferating in the mandibular glands from eyestalk ablated blue crabs. This proliferation occurred during the third, fourth, and fifth day after eyestalk removal. The viral proliferation occurred within the nuclear envelope and tubular endoplasmic reticulum and along the plasma membrane. The EGV-2 particles were also seen free in the hemal sinuses and attached to the plasma membrane of hemocytes. The cytoplasm of infected hemocytes were sometimes totally filled with EGV-2 particles. The particles were typically bacilliform in shape with a length of 100–150 nm and a diameter of 25–30 nm.
Isoproterenol-induced changes in glutathione metabolism in the rat parotid gland

Abstract Rat parotid glands were removed at timed intervals after intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol (IPR). Reduced/oxidized glutathione ratios, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and amylase activities were determined. Parotid gland amylase content fell to less than 5 per cent of control values within l h after IPR, then slowly returned to control levels by 24 h. The ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione was decreased at 2 h after IPR injection, returned to near control values at 6 h, then increased above control levels at 9, 12 and 24 h. Glutathione peroxidase activity was increased only at 12 h after injection of IPR, whereas glutathione reductase activity initially decreased, then reached peak values at 12h. These results indicate that alterations in metabolic activity during the secretory cycle are accompanied by changes in the reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio and the activity of glutathione-metabolizing enzymes. Cellular events contributing to these alterations in glutathione metabolism may include exocytosis, endocytosis and membrane recycling, increased amino-acid transport and resynthesis of secretory proteins.
Can a fractured caprock self-heal?

The ability of geologic seals to prevent leakage of fluids injected into the deep subsurface is critical for mitigating risks associated with greenhouse-gas sequestration and natural-gas production. Fractures caused by tectonic or injection-induced stresses create potential leakage pathways that may be further enhanced by mineral dissolution. We present results from reactive-flow experiments in fractured caprock (dolomitic anhydrite), where additional dissolution occurs in the rock matrix adjacent to the fracture surfaces. Preferential dissolution of anhydrite left a compacted layer of dolomite in the fractures. At lower flow rate, rock-fluid reactions proceeded to near equilibrium within the fracture with preferential flow paths persisting over the 6-month duration of the experiment and a negligible change in permeability. At higher flow rate, permeability decreased by a dramatic two orders of magnitude. This laboratory-scale observation of self-healing argues against the likelihood of runaway permeability growth in fractured porous caprock composed of minerals with different solubilities and reaction kinetics. However, scaling arguments suggest that at larger length scales this self-healing process may be offset by the formation of dissolution channels. Our results have relevance beyond the greenhouse-gas sequestration problem. Chemical disequilibrium at waste injection sites and in hydrothermal reservoirs will lead to reactive flows that may also significantly alter formation permeability.
Tools for analysis and tools for action: A history of the projects and publications of the center for chemical process safety

Abstract The American Institute of Chemical Engineers created the Center for Chemical Process Safety in 1985 to help prevent catastrophic chemical accidents. To fulfill its character of improving safety in the manufacture and handling of chemicals, the Center has devoted itself to establishing and publishing the latest scientific and engineering practices (not standards) for prevention and mitigation of incidents involving toxic and/or reactive materials. The Center encourages the use of this information not only through these publications, but also through seminars, symposia and continuing education programs for practicing engineers, and through the development of materials for undergraduate engineering education curricula. To advance the state-of-the-art in engineering practices, the Center also sponsors research in the prevention and mitigation of catastrophic events. This article surveys the history of projects the Center has undertaken and the publications it has issued since its inception.
Players' perceptions of their coaches' immediacy, assertiveness, and responsiveness

This study involved players’ perceptions of their coaches’ nonverbal immediacy, assertiveness, and responsiveness. Previously in the classroom setting, Thomas, Richmond, and McCroskey (1994) found that in the classroom setting nonverbal immediacy was positively, moderately correlated to both assertiveness and responsiveness. College students (N = 192) were asked to fill out a questionnaire based on a coach that they had in high school. Players who perceived their coaches as being nonverbally immediate, also perceived their coaches as being responsive, and to a lesser extent, assertive. Future research directions include considering the relationships between a coach's nonverbal immediacy with player motivation and satisfaction.
Adult travel immunizations: Update for pharmacists

3 Serious cases are responsible for the most time missed from work in returned travelers and about a 2% mortality in individuals 40 years or older. 2 Hepatitis A immuni- zation is recommended for all travelers to areas with intermediate or high hepa- titis A endemicity. Countries that do not place a traveler at an increased risk in- clude those in Western Europe, Austra- lia, Canada, New Zealand, and Japan. If hepatitis B immunization is similarly warranted, use of Twinrix (GlaxoSmith- Kline), a combined hepatitis A and B vac- cine, may be considered. 5
COMPARING DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF BIAS CORRECTION FOR ABILITY ESTIMATION IN IRT MODELS

The method of maximum-likelihood is typically applied to item response theory (IRT) models when the ability parameter is estimated while conditioning on the true item parameters. In practice, the item parameters are unknown and need to be estimated first from a calibration sample. Lewis (1985) and Zhang and Lu (2007) proposed the expected response functions (ERFs) and the corrected weighted-likelihood estimator (CWLE), respectively, to take into account the uncertainty regarding item parameters for purposes of ability estimation. In this paper, we investigate the performance of ERFs and of the CWLE in different situations, such as various test lengths and levels of measurement error in item parameter estimation. Our empirical results indicate that ERFs can cause the bias in ability estimation to fall within [-0.2, 0.2] for all conditions, whereas the CWLE can effectively reduce the bias in ability estimation provided that it has a good foundation to start from.
Saturation of the Froissart bound

Abstract It is shown that the leading J -plane singularity in the crossed channel must be one of three precise possibilities if the Froissant bound is saturated. These are delineated. The Auberson-Kinoshita-Martin integral representation is applied to the p-p differential cross section at high energies. The results seem to support saturation of Froissart bound.
Administration of Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator in a Pediatric Patient With Acute Ischemic Stroke

Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator is the only therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of acute ischemic strokes. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored study that led to the approval of tissue plasminogen activator to be used in acute ischemic strokes included only individuals 18 years of age and older. We report a case of a pediatric patient who suffered a dominant-hemisphere acute ischemic stroke who was treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Our patient's symptoms began to resolve 4 hours after treatment, and he had a complete recovery after 8 hours. The clinical outcome was excellent and without complications. Tissue plasminogen activator administration can be safe and effective in younger patients. Randomized, controlled, double-blind studies are needed.
Making business ethics useful

Strategic management cannot ignore the place of applied business ethics in organizational planning and decision making. This article establishes some of the aspects that make business ethics unique, together with the necessary steps for making them an effective contributor to business performance. The focus is upon applied business ethics—patterns of conduct. The usefulness of business ethics is discussed in terms of its dependence upon the total objectives of the firm, the identification of relationships and interests of affected parties in the relevant environment, and the recognition of the need for consensus and for positive implementation procedures. These structural requirements and constraints constitute a system through which effective action can be attained as management addresses the various moral, social and human elements with which business ethics has to deal. In this paper the author is not presuming to offer substantive answers to all, or even a few, of the ethical dilemmas and conflicts that business firms (or anyone else) cannot escape. Instead, what is proposed is a pragmatic approach outlining a path that can help to determine where we are, who is involved, what are the options, what are the dimensions and parameters of the problems in a businesss context, so that ethical issues (even those where uniquely ‘right’ answers are unattainable) can be treated with intelligence and fairness.
Paleobathymetry, paleotemperature, and tectonism

Paleobathymetric trends of Cenozoic sedimentary sections from widely separated geographic areas show striking similarities. In areas examined, early and middle Eocene and middle Oligocene to middle Miocene ages are intervals of deeper water sedimentation and warm oceanic temperatures. Late Eocene to early Oligocene and the late Miocene to Holocene ages are intervals of shallow-water deposition, colder oceanic temperatures, and glaciation. Some large-scale tectonic cycle, possibly related to convection cells and a phase change, may be responsible for these observed trends.
Radiation‐induced copolymerization of ethylene and sulfur dioxide in the liquid and gas phases

The radiation-induced copolymerization of ethylene and sulfur dioxide has been studied in the liquid and gas phases. In the liquid phase, the copolymer composition remained equimolar over a temperature range of 20–160°C. and ethylene pressures of 50–680 atm. The rate of copolymerization in the liquid phase at 680 atm. increased with temperature to a maximum value at ∼80°C. Above this temperature the rate steadily decreased to zero at 157°C. because of temperature-dependent depropagation reactions. In the gas phase, copolymers were formed that contained from 9 to 46 mole-% sulfur dioxide. Under constant conditions of temperature, pressure, and radiation intensity, the copolymerization rate in the gas phase increased with increasing sulfur dioxide in the initial gas mixture. The propagating species for the liquid-phase experiments is considered to consist of an equimolar complex molecule of ethylene and sulfur dioxide. For gas mixtures containing an excess molar concentration of ethylene, the propagating species are ethylene and the complex molecule. Infrared spectra show polysulfone structures. Calorimetric and x-ray diffraction analyses indicate crystalline structures for copolymers in the range 9–50 mole-% sulfur dioxide, although a melt transition temperature could not be observed for copolymer containing >31 mole-% sulfur dioxide. Clear uniform film was obtained with copolymers containing up to 31 mole-% SO2.
Xenobiotic detoxification in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model organism for the study of such diverse aspects of animal physiology and behavior as embryonic development, chemoreception, and the genetic control of lifespan. Yet, even though the entire genome sequence of this organism was deposited into public databases several years ago, little is known about xenobiotic metabolism in C. elegans. In part, the paucity of detoxification information may be due to the plush life enjoyed by nematodes raised in the laboratory. In the wild, however, these animals experience a much greater array of chemical assaults. Living in the interstitial water of the soil, populations of C. elegans exhibit a boom and bust lifestyle characterized by prodigious predation of soil microbes punctuated by periods of dispersal as a non-developing alternative larval stage. During the booming periods of population expansion, these animals almost indiscriminately consume everything in their environment including any number of compounds from other animals, microorganisms, plants, and xenobiotics. Several recent studies have identified many genes encoding sensors and enzymes these nematodes may use in their xeno-coping strategies. Here, we will discuss these recent advances, as well as the efforts by our lab and others to utilize the genomic resources of the C. elegans system to elucidate this nematode's molecular defenses against toxins.
Outbreeding Depression after Two Generations of Hybridizing Southeast Alaska Coho Salmon Populations

Abstract No fitness loss was detected in second-generation hybrids, relative to parental controls, between three pairs of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch populations from Southeast Alaska, in which groups were cultured in a common freshwater environment, released to sea together, and recovered together as adults. Divergence among the populations as measured by neutral molecular markers was significant. Marine survival did not differ among parental groups, F1 groups, F2 groups, and hybrid groups, between parental and hybrid groups, and between parental and F2 groups. Marine survival of F1 hybrids in the first generation of the experiment exceeded that of parental controls but did not differ among parental or F1 groups, although the power of the latter tests was low. Tests for the loss of fitness in hybrids relative to parental controls based on fluctuating asymmetry (FA) yielded only one significant result among six tests, and in many instances hybrids exhibited less FA than parental controls. Body length...
Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase

Schistosoma japonicum glutathione S-transferase (GST), expressed from a pGEX plasmid, was isolated from Escherichia coli cells and used to immunize mice in order to generate specific anti-GST monoclonal antibodies. Using a modified immunization and fusion procedure, one stable hybridoma clone secreting an anti-GST antibody (alpha GST-1) was obtained. Milligram quantities of this antibody were produced in vitro in a miniPERM bioreactor and subsequently purified by protein G affinity chromatography. The characteristics of this antibody were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting experiments. The alpha GST-1 antibody was found to react specifically with GST and GST fusion proteins and demonstrated no reactivity with normal E. coli proteins. This monoclonal antibody should be a valuable reagent for tracing the production of GST fusion proteins and possibly for affinity purification of GST fusion proteins.
Migration and mental health: an empirical test of depression risk factors among immigrant Mexican women.

Empirical research in the field of migration and mental health is rare and its recent appearance follows decades of inconsistent reports in the research literature about the risks posed by numerous...
Simultaneous collection of rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics, fluorescence quenching parameters, and environmental data using an automated PAM-2000/CR10X data logging system.

The PAM-2000 portable chlorophyll fluorometer represents one of the first commercially available instruments utilizing the Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) measurement principle, and has become a widely used platform for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence in a wide range of study systems. In this paper, we describe a new method for externally driving and gathering data from the PAM-2000, a method that allows the user to execute a pre-defined user run (or runs) and capture (1) rapid induction kinetics (at 2 ms frequency) during all saturating pulses, (2) measures of F, Fo, Fo′, Fm, and Fm′ associated with those same pulses, and (3) changes in fluorescence F at user-defined intervals between pulses, for the entire user run, with all data compressed into a single, manageable data logger file. Practically, the method makes possible, for example, a post-hoc evaluation of the appropriateness of saturation pulse lengths and intensities during a user run. More importantly it captures, during entire user runs, the varied information contained in slow changes in fluorescence between saturating pulses, as well as rapid induction kinetics, quenching coefficients and quantum yields all gathered simultaneously from all saturating flashes.
A simple technique for insertion of PEJ via PEG

Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy provides good access for enteral nutrition in those patients at high risk for aspiration and poor tolerance of gastric feeding. Positioning the jejunostomy tube through the PEG tube and into the duodenum can be difficult and time consuming. We describe a simple method for gaining rapid control of the jejuenal tube and its duodenal insertion.
Divergent evolution of Earth and Venus: Influence of degassing, tectonics, and magnetic fields

Knowledge of the earliest evolution of Earth and Venus is extremely limited, but it is obvious from their dramatic contrasts today that at some point in their evolution conditions on the two planets diverged. In this paper we develop a geophysical systems box model that simulates the flux of carbon through the mantle, atmosphere, ocean, and seafloor, and the degassing of water from the mantle. Volatile fluxes, including loss to space, are functions of local volatile concentration, degassing efficiency, tectonic plate speed, and magnetic field intensity. Numerical results are presented that demonstrate the equilibration to a steady state carbon cycle, where carbon and water are distributed among mantle, atmosphere, ocean, and crustal reservoirs, similar to present-day Earth. These stable models reach steady state after several hundred million years by maintaining a negative feedback between atmospheric temperature, carbon dioxide weathering, and surface tectonics. At the orbit of Venus, an otherwise similar model evolves to a runaway greenhouse with all volatiles in the atmosphere. The influence of magnetic field intensity on atmospheric escape is demonstrated in Venus models where either a strong magnetic field helps the atmosphere to retain about 60 bars of water vapor after 4.5 Gyr, or the lack of a magnetic field allows for the loss of all atmospheric water to space in about 1 Gyr. The relative influences of plate speed and degassing rate on the weathering rate and greenhouse stability are demonstrated, and a stable to runaway regime diagram is presented. In conclusion, we propose that a stable climate-tectonic-carbon cycle is part of a larger coupled geophysical system where a moderate surface climate provides a stabilizing feedback for maintaining surface tectonics, the thermal cooling of the deep interior, magnetic field generation, and the shielding of the atmosphere over billion year time scales.
Therapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Women with this disorder exhibit an array of disorders, including oligo-ovulation, hyperandrogenism, obesity, hyperlipidemia, infertility and insulin resistance. Of the sequelae that women experience, insulin resistance is associated with the most profound long-term morbidity. Initially, treatment regimens targeted specific symptomatology in these women, such as oligomenorrhea or hirsutism. With the discovery of the common association between insulin resistance and polycystic ovarian syndrome, however, we are able to utilize a new class of systemically targeted drugs that work on many of the symptoms found in these women.
The Le Bag Orthotopic Urinary Diversion

AbstractPurpose: We reviewed our experience with Le Bag orthotopic urinary diversion in 38 cases.Materials and Methods: Between April 1990 and January 1995, 38 men underwent radical cystectomy and Le Bag urinary diversion for treatment of bladder cancer. Approximately 20 cm. each of detubularized ileum and cecum were used to construct the pouch. A total of 22 pouches was fashioned with absorbable staples. In 21 cases freely refluxing Bricker ureterointestinal anastomoses were used.Results: There was no significant difference in major complication rates in the hand sewn versus stapled anastomosis groups, and there were no complications specifically related to the use of staples. There were 3 episodes of febrile urinary tract infection: 2 in the Bricker group and 1 in the tunneled anastomosis group. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to ureteral obstruction. The daytime continence rate was 91 percent, and 80 percent of the patients are completely dry or have only mild inco...
Implementation and analysis of multi-user MIMO with amplify-and-forward relaying

A two-hop multi-user multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system with multiple single-antenna amplify-and-forward (AF) relays is demonstrated for the first time in a realistic indoor environment with a commercial software radio platform, using OFDM. Good trend correspondence is observed between the averaged error rate results of experiment and simulation, when zero forcing (ZF) detection is employed and a simple constraint on the average power per relay is used. The challenges of relaying a regenerated digital header and simply amplified spatially multiplexed payload are discussed. It is proven theoretically that the effect of the growth of the number of fixed-gain relays is to bring the destination into the location of the relays. For the case of variable gain, subject to a per-node average power constraint, the destination is also brought asymptotically closer, but not as close as the fixed-gain. However, the gap is approximately closed by allowing relays to deactivate if their gain exceeds a threshold.
Temperature-pH relationships and the measurement of thymol turbidity.

IN describing the thymol turbidity test, Maclagan1 specified a pH for the thymol reagent of 7.8. However, some uncertainty has existed regarding the optimal pH at which to maintain the reagent, and the pH of the reagent actually used by Maclagan. In this Laboratory solutions containing 2.76 gm. of barbital and 2.06 gm. of sodium barbital in 1,000 ml., the buffer composition specified by Maclagan, consistently yielded a pH of 7.63 ± 0.02. Mateer et al.2 recommended that the pH of the thymol test reagent be adjusted to 7.55 and there is evidence to show that the ability to detect liver disease, for example, viral hepatitis, is improved at the latter pH3. However, results reported by Maclagan and others using his formulation have differed less from those of Mateer et al. than would be expected in view of the critical importance of pH in performance of the thymol test.
Hollywood’s Last Golden Age: politics, society, and the seventies film in America

The 1930s and 40s are generally considered to be the Golden Age of Hollywood. It was a time in American film history when stars reigned supreme, mythmaking superseded fact, the line between right a...
Genetic Influences on Human Body Odor: From Genes to the Axillae

Several groups have identified the characteristic axillary odorants and how they arrive on the skin surface, pre-formed, bound to water-soluble odorless precursors in apocrine secretions. In the current issue, Martin et al., (2010) describe the relationship between the production of axillary odorants and variants in the ABCC11 gene. Individuals who are homozygotic for a SNP (538G>A) were found to have significantly less of the characteristic axillary odorants than either individuals who were heterozygotic for this change or those who had the wild-type gene. The 538G>A SNP predominates in Asians who have nearly complete loss of typical body odor. ABCC11 is expressed and localized in apocrine sweat glands. These findings are remarkably similar to the ethnic distribution and expression patterns for apocrine apoD, a previously identified carrier of a characteristic axillary odorant.
Gravitational Coefficients and Internal Structures of the Icy Galilean Satellites: An Assessment of the Galileo Orbiter Mission

Simulated radio tracking data from one flyby of Europa, two flybys of Ganymede, and two flybys of Callisto by the Galileo Orbiter yield estimates of the standard errors in the gravitational coefficient J(sub 2) of 44, 8.5, and 12 (in units of 10(exp -6)) for Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, respectively; errors in C(sub 22) (in units of 10(exp -6)) are 12, 1.7, and 2.1. These errors are sufficiently small that the values of J(sub 2) and C(sub 22) to be measured by Galileo should suffice to determine if the ice and rock in the satellite interiors are uniformly mixed or separated, so long as the bodies are in hydrostatic equilibrium.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second complete remission: similar outcomes in recipients of unrelated marrow and umbilical cord blood versus marrow from HLA matched sibling donors.

Transplant decisions for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in second complete remission (CR2) are often based on the type of available donor. In many cases, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is considered only if a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched sibling donor (MSD) is available. The role of unrelated donor (URD) HCT in this patient population is not well established. As advances in supportive care and donor selection have improved, the use of URD HCT in such patients should be reevaluated. We analyzed the outcomes of 87 consecutive children with ALL in CR2 who underwent allogeneic HCT at the University of Minnesota between 1990 and 2007. Donor sources included MSD bone marrow (n = 32), well and partially matched (M, n=18) and mismatched (MM, n=16) URD bone marrow and URD umbilical cord blood (UCB, n=21). Although the incidence of neutrophil recovery was similar in all groups, the overall incidence of grades II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 37% and 9%, respectively, with a higher incidence of aGVHD in recipients of URD grafts. Leukemia-free survival (LFS) at 5 years was lower in recipients of MM-URD grafts, but was comparable in all other groups. Although relapse at 5 years was highest in recipients of MSD (50%), results were not significantly different compared to recipients of M-URD (17%), MM-URD (6%), and UCB (33%) (P = .17). The development of grades II-IV aGVHD and a first remission >3 years were associated with a lower risk of relapse (relative risk [RR] 0.2, P = .03; RR 0.2. P = .01 respectively). Together, these results support the continued investigation of URD HCT for ALL in CR2, and suggest the timing of HCT in these children should be based primarily on the risk of relapse with conventional chemotherapy and not on the type of donor available.
Activity cycles of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) under several experimental conditions, both in isolation and in a group situation∗∗∗

Abstract Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were subjected to several, successively applied, environmental conditions. Their activity was monitored by means of ultra‐sonic movement detectors, and the data were submitted to a least sqares spectral analysis. Under a rigidly enforced external cycle of twelve hours of light followed by twelve hours of dark (L/D 12/12 the individually isolated monkeys exhibited great photoperiodic dependency and a very consistent activity pattern, with the peak occurring shortly after light onset. In constant light (L/L) there were individual differences in the rate of which the activity patterns changed from those exhibited under the L/D 12/12 condition. The modifications included, in addition to changes in circadian frequency, a rise in the activity level during hte rest period and shifts in the location of the peak of the daily activity curve relative to its onset. Under self‐regulated exposure to light and dark (L/D‐Sl1) the isolated monkeys’ activity patterns became highly i...
Vocabulary Abilities of Children with Williams Syndrome: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Relation to Visuospatial Construction Ability

Purpose This project was designed to identify relative strengths and weaknesses in vocabulary ability for children with Williams syndrome (WS) and to demonstrate the importance of stringent matchin...
A program for computing the Box-Cox transformations and resulting residual sums of squares.

BOX _COX is an interactive microcomputer program that computes the Box-Cox transformations (Box & Cox, 1864; Neter, Wasserman, & Kutner, 1888), as well as the sum of squared residuals using these transformations. These transformations may be useful for correcting problems in regression models such as heteroscedasticity of error terms and nonlinearity of the regression function. In addition, such transformations may be useful to equate the mean squared residuals of groups to enable comparison of their respective slopes.
Intraneuronal Substance P Contributes to the Severity of Experimental Arthritis

There is evidence that substance P is a peptide neurotransmitter of some unmyelinated primary afferent nociceptors and that its release from the peripheral terminals of primary afferent fibers mediates neurogenic inflammation. The investigators examined whether substance P also contributes to the severity of adjuvant-induced arthritis, an inflammatory disease in rats. They found that, in the rat, joints that developed more severe arthritis (ankles) were more densely innervated by substance P-containing primary afferent neurons than were joints that developed less severe arthritis (knees). Infusion of substance P into the knee increased the severity of arthritis; injection of a substance P receptor antagonist did not. These results suggest a significant physiological difference between joints that develop mild and severe arthritis and indicate that release of intraneuronal substance P in joints contributes to the severity of the arthritis.
The paradox of ageing with developmental disabilities: Increasing needs, declining resources

There is a new, still somewhat hidden population—persons ageing with developmental disabilities. This population, though estimates of size vary, has survived to later life due to better health care and deinstitutionalization. Yet as this population of persons with developmental disabilities ages, it will raise new challenges for gerontologists and specialists in the field of developmental disabilities. The situation of persons ageing with developmental disabilities is characterized by a paradox. As persons with developmental disabilities age, they are likely to experience cognitive and physical deficits that increase their need for services and support. Yet their family-based support systems (who are also ageing) may be less available and social services may be ill suited to assist. The growing numbers of persons aging with developmental disabilities may call into question not only the policies and programs designed to serve this emergent population, but also the very ways we educate and train professionals working in the fields of gerontology and developmental disabilities.
Performance of a generic health-related quality of life measure in a clinic population with rheumatic disease.

Objective To assess the performance of a generic health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measure in a rheumatology clinic population. Methods Participants (n = 619) with fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, or osteoarthritis receiving care from rheumatologists completed mailed questionnaires that included the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) HRQOL measure and condition-specific measures assessing disability, pain, fatigue, and helplessness. The BRFSS assesses global health and number of days in the past 30 of poor physical or mental health or activity limitation. The overall sample was described, followed by comparison of adjusted scores on all HRQOL measures by diagnosis. Results Participants reported mild difficulty with activities of daily living, marked pain and fatigue, and moderate helplessness. Participants reported a mean of 8 or more days out of 30 of poor physical and mental health and activity limitations; more than 40% reported poor or fair health. Participants with fibromyalgia reported more ill health on condition-specific measures and the BRFSS HRQOL measures than did participants with osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion The BRFSS HRQOL measure is a brief, easily administered, generic health indicator that shows differences among rheumatic disease diagnoses.
Theoretical investigation of the [1,5]-hydrogen shift in (Z)-1,3-pentadiene with a density functional theory computational approach

Abstract The results of computing the transition state for the 1,5-hydrogen shift of 1,3-pentadiene isomerization with AM1 semiempirical and three of the most widely used DFT methods (B3LYP, BLYP, and SVWN) are discussed. The isomerization threshold was computed with DFT methods on both AM1 and DFT geometries. The computed values are compared with experimental data and the suitability of a DFT/AM1 approach to compute the 1,5-hydrogen shift isomerization reaction is discussed.
Relationship between Defenses, Personality, and Affect During a Stress Task in Normal Adolescents

Although there are extensive data on the relationship between personality and stress reactivity in adults, there is little comparable empirical research with adolescents. This study examines the simultaneous relationships between long term functioning (personality, defenses) and observed stress reactivity (affect) in adolescents. High school students (N = 169; mean age 16; 73 girls) were asked to participate in two conditions of the Stress Induced Speech Task (SIST): Free Association and Stressful Situation. Immature and mature defenses, distress and restraint personality dimensions, and negative and positive affect were examined. Greater reported use of immature defenses was significantly associated with negative affect, whereas greater reported use of mature defenses was significantly associated with greater positive affect. Although personality style was also a significant predictor of negative affect across two out of three conditions, defenses were better overall predictors of affect than were personality dimensions. Gender was also a significant predictor of negative affect, wherein girls reported more negative affect than boys. Defenses and personality style predict affective response during a moderately stressful task. Immature defenses and, to a lesser extent, the distress personality dimension predict mobilization of negative affect, whereas mature defenses predict the reporting of positive affect. These results relate to processes central to psychotherapy: defensive responding, personality style, and affective reactivity during the recounting of stressful events.
Mast cell chymase potentiates histamine-induced wheal formation in the skin of ragweed-allergic dogs.

Abstract Skin mast cells release the neutral protease chymase along with histamine during degranulation. To test the hypothesis that chymase modulates histamine-induced plasma extravasation, we measured wheal formation following intradermal injection of purified mast cell chymase and histamine into the skin of ragweed-allergic dogs. We found that chymase greatly augments histamine-induced wheal formation. The magnitude of the potentiating effect increases with increasing doses of chymase and becomes maximal approximately 30 min after administration. Injection of chymase without histamine does not evoke wheal formation. The chymase potentiation of histamine-induced skin responses is prevented completely by pretreatment with the H1-receptor antagonist pyrilamine, and is prevented by inactivation of chymase with soybean trypsin inhibitor, suggesting that both histamine and preserved catalytic activity are required for the effects of chymase. To examine the effects of histamine and chymase released in situ in further experiments, we measured wheal size following local degranulation of mast cells by intradermal injection of ragweed antigen or compound 48/80. We found that pretreatment with either soybean trypsin inhibitor or pyrilamine markedly reduces ragweed antigen- or 48/80-induced wheal formation, supporting the results obtained by injection of exogenous chymase and histamine. These findings suggest a novel and important proinflammatory role for chymase in modulating the effects of histamine on vascular permeability during mast cell activation.
A new look at the phenomenon of offshore pile plugging

Abstract Open‐pipe piles are widely used for offshore structures. During the initial stage of installation, soil enters the pile at a rate equal to the pile penetration. As penetration continues, the inner soil cylinder may develop sufficient frictional resistance to prevent further soil intrusion, causing the pile to become plugged. The open‐ended pile then assumes the penetration characteristics of a closed‐ended pile. The mode of pile penetration significantly alters the soil‐pile interaction during and after installation. This affects the ultimate static bearing capacity (mainly in granular materials), the time‐dependent pile capacity (in clays), and the dynamic behavior and analysis of the piles. Following a summary demonstrating the effects of pile plugging, a review of the common view of offshore pile plugging is undertaken. The interpretation of plugging by referring to the average plug length has led to the erroneous conclusion that in most piles significant plugging action does not occur. Establ...
Government expenditure and growth in developing countries

PurposeThis article investigates the impact of the growth of the share of various government expenditure programmes in the GDP on economic growth in developing countries while taking into considera...
A mechanistic study of cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles supported on polyaniline nanofibers

Palladium nanoparticles supported by polyaniline nanofibers were used as pre-catalysts for C–C cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides in water. Using regular techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in conjunction with reactivity studies, we determined that a homogeneous mechanism is operating. The appearance of palladium nanoparticles and polyaniline nanofibers changes after each reaction accompanied by changes in the palladium oxidation state. Our methods could not rule out the contribution of a heterogeneous mechanism or indicate its extent.
Spoiled for Choice? The Sacred Landscapes of Ancient and Early Medieval Banavasi

This study explores how the sacred landscape was variously defined, demarcated, and appropriated in ancient and early medieval South India. Focusing in particular on the site of Banavasi in the modern state of Karnataka, I examine archaeological and epigraphic evidence to parse out some of the spatial and temporal patterns in the interaction between a surprising diversity of religious traditions and practices. While the close connection between local elite authority and traditional religious institutions such as Buddhism and Hinduism is apparent in Banavasi, the spatial and temporal organization of the landscape reflects several larger processes of interaction. These include the legitimization of local and regional elites, as well as more complex processes of interaction, competition, and replacement between religions. In addition, while stupas and temples are clearly recognizable elements of the archaeological record in South Asia, there is also considerable evidence for local cults and religious traditi...
Human U1-70K ribonucleoprotein antigen gene: organization, nucleotide sequence, and mapping to locus 19q13.3

We have isolated and sequenced the gene encoding the human U1-70K snRNP protein. U1-70K is an RNA-binding protein that is a specific component of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP) and constitutes the major anti-(U1) RNP autoimmune antigen. We have mapped the U1-70K gene to the distal portion of chromosome 19, at band q13.3. The gene is greater than 44 kb in size and consists of 11 exons. The general structure of the gene has been completely conserved during vertebrate evolution and accounts for the production of several different U1-70K mRNA species by alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of animal U1-70K proteins reveals a high degree of conservation, particularly in the region of the RNP consensus domain. Even more striking is the complete conservation of the nucleotide sequence of an alternative included/excluded exon containing an in-frame translational termination codon. This conservation also includes significant portions of the downstream intervening sequence. This extraordinary conservation at the nucleotide sequence level suggests that alternative splicing of this exon serves an important function, perhaps in regulating the production of functional U1-70K protein.
Thermally driven stability of octadecylphosphonic acid thin films grown on SS316L

Stainless steel 316L is widely used as a biomedical implant material; however, there is concern about the corrosion of metallic implants in the physiological environment. The corrosion process can cause mechanical failure due to resulting cracks and cavities in the implant. Alkyl phosphonic acid forms a thin film by self-assembly on the stainless steel surface and this report conclusively shows that thermal treatment of the octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) film greatly enhances the stability of the ODPA molecules on the substrate surface. AFM images taken from the modified substrates revealed that thermally treated films remain intact after methanol, THF, and water flushes, whereas untreated films suffer substantial loss. Water contact angles also show that the hydrophobicity of thermally treated films does not diminish after being incubated in a dynamic flow of water for a 3-hour period, whereas the untreated film becomes increasingly hydrophilic due to loss of ODPA. IR spectra taken of both treated and untreated films after water and THF flushes show that the remaining film retains its initial crystallinity. A model is suggested to explain the stability of ODPA film enhanced by thermal treatment. An ODPA molecule is physisorbed to the surface weakly by hydrogen bonding. Heating drives away water molecules leading to the formation of strong monodentate or mixed mono/bi-dentate bonds of ODPA molecule to the surface. SCANNING 32: 304–311, 2010. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The German Communist Party in Saxony, 1924-1933

Norman LaPorte's The German Communist Party in Saxony, 1924-1933 contributes new and important material to the major debates on the history of German Communism during the Weimar Republic. Laporte distinguishes between an older historiography, which focused on the top-down imposition of a Stalinist model, with a post-1960s revisionist “history from below.” The revisionist historians explained Communist behavior “as a response to a range of social and economic conditions that influenced the mentality of party members and the choices of the party leadership” (p. 22). LaPorte sees his own work as a step beyond both schools. Following Weber, he argues that policy was indeed formulated from above, and he suggests that the revisionists have downplayed the significance of the “top-down system of control” in the KPD. At the same time, the party leaderships' directives were interpreted and responded to in specific political contexts. The rank-and-file could not be easily forced to carry out policies that “failed to account for the realities of their own specific political environment,” and the attempt of the party leadership to impose ideological uniformity, Laporte argues, “destabilized” the relationship between the party and its membership. Hence, he views his work as an attempt to fuse history “from above and below” (p. 31).
Gender Differences in Mathematics Attitudes of Secondary Students.

The merger of an all-female Catholic secondary school with a similar all-male school provided the setting for this two-part study. Gender differences in mathematics attitudes of secondary students, and differences in mathematics attitudes of the female students before and after the merger were investigated. Traditional male/female differences were found in the areas of self-confidence, usefulness of mathematics, and classroom behavior. The female students' attitudes remained positive, but their predictions about the mixed-sex classroom were confirmed.