cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initial Experience With Lung Cancer Resection After Treatment With T-Cell Checkpoint Inhibitors

T-cell checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but their safety and efficacy as neoadjuvant therapy are still undefined. Autoimmune toxicities, notably pneumonitis, are a particular concern in the perioperative setting. This series of 5 cases describes for the first time the safety and technical issues relating to pulmonary resection after checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Borrowed Light, or “Post-” in Light of the Past: Review Essay on Timothy Brennan, Borrowed Light: Vico, Hegel, and the Colonies. Stanford UP, 2014. 280 pp.

Non voglio affatto dire che l'intelligenza si sviluppi a spese di cio che in noi e umano; vorrei dire esattamente il contrario: che cioe lo sviluppo dell'umano comporti di necessita l'affrancamento...
Hemodynamic and Anatomic Predictors of Renovisceral Stent-Graft Occlusion Following Chimney Endovascular Repair of Juxtarenal Aortic Aneurysms:

Purpose: To identify anatomic and hemodynamic changes associated with impending visceral chimney stent-graft occlusion after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with the chimney technique (chEVAR)....
Babes With Blades: “Theatre That Leaves a Mark”

In Chapter 8 Taylor Porter chronicles the work of Chicago theatre company Babes With Blades. Every play they produce not only shows women engaging in extensive combat but also exhibits cultural issues surrounding women’s use of force in a broad range of productions: comic and tragic, contemporary and Shakespearean, realistic and fantastical, set in the past and in the present. The Gulag Mouse (2010), set in a Soviet Gulag, deals with class issues and the impact of environment on personal ethics. Their all-female Macbeth (2009) divorced sex from gender and starkly contrasted selfish and responsible uses of violence in the characters of Lady Macbeth and Lady Macduff. The Last Daughter of Oedipus (2010) depicts a heroine willing to break her family’s curse at any cost in order to protect her people from further suffering while also rejecting an ethic of vengeance. Los Desaparecidos (The Vanished﻿, 2007) portrays two women in sixteenth-century Spain struggling against intolerance. Babes With Blades shows women in a great variety of relationships to violence, depicting both destructive and prosocial enactments. The company is dedicated to embodying not only the woman warrior trope but also to providing role models of women “fighters” in all arenas of life.
A Parent-Of-Origin Analysis of Paternal Genetic Variants and Increased Risk of Conotruncal Heart Defects

The association between conotruncal heart defects (CTHDs) and maternal genetic and environmental exposures is well studied. However, little is known about paternal genetic or environmental exposures and risk of CTHDs. We assessed the effect of paternal genetic variants in the folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways on risk of CTHDs in offspring. We utilized National Birth Defects Prevention Study data to conduct a family-based case only study using 616 live-born infants with CTHDs, born October 1997-August 2008. Maternal, paternal and infant DNA was genotyped using an Illumina® Golden Gate custom single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from log-linear models determined parent of origin effects for 921 SNPs in 60 candidate genes involved in the folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways on risk of CTHDs. The risk of CTHD among children who inherited a paternally derived copy of the A allele on GLRX (rs17085159) or the T allele of GLRX (rs12109442) was 0.23 (95%CI: 0.12, 0.42; p = 1.09 × 10-6 ) and 0.27 (95%CI: 0.14, 0.50; p = 2.06 × 10-5 ) times the risk among children who inherited a maternal copy of the same allele. The paternally inherited copy of the GSR (rs7818511) A allele had a 0.31 (95%CI: 0.18, 0.53; p = 9.94 × 10-6 ] risk of CTHD compared to children with the maternal copy of the same allele. The risk of CTHD is less influenced by variants in paternal genes involved in the folate, homocysteine, or transsulfuration pathways than variants in maternal genes in those pathways.
An integrated method and web tool to assess visual environment in spaces with window shades

The current article presents a synthesis of the most recent metrics (visual comfort autonomy, lighting energy use, and view clarity) for assessing the visual environment performance of spaces with window shades, in the form of an integrated framework—interactive web-based tool. A daylighting and glare simulation model is used to calculate interior daylight distributions, luminance mapping, and annual spatial visual performance metrics. Then, a decision strategy was developed for selecting fabric properties based on different priorities: maximizing outside view, maximizing energy performance, or a balanced approach with fixed or flexible criteria to avoid compromises, all under visual comfort constraints. The models and decision strategies were implemented into a web-based tool, which includes a database of different design configurations (climate, envelope configuration, orientation, glazing size and properties, comfort restrictions, occupant view directions, etc.) and either provides recommendations for ...
THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CO-ADMINISTRATION OF SITAGLIPTIN WITH METFORMIN IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AT HOSPITAL DISCHARGE.

Objective: Few randomized controlled trials have focused on the optimal management of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) during the transition from the inpatient to outpatient setting. This multicenter open-label study explored a discharge strategy based on admission hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to guide therapy in general medicine and surgery patients with T2D. Methods: Patients with HbA1c ≤7% (53 mmol/mol) were discharged on sitagliptin and metformin; patients with HbA1c between 7 and 9% (53–75 mmol/mol) and those >9% (75 mmol/mol) were discharged on sitagliptinmetformin with glargine U-100 at 50% or 80% of the hospital daily dose. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c at 3 and 6 months after discharge. Results: Mean HbA1c on admission for the entire cohort (N = 253) was 8.70 ± 2.3% and decreased to 7.30 ± 1.5% and 7.30 ± 1.7% at 3 and 6 months (P<.001). Patients with HbA1c <7% went from 6.3 ± 0.5% to 6.3 ± 0.80% and 6.2 ± 1.0% at 3 and 6 months. Patients with HbA1c between 7 and 9% had a reduction from 8....
Wrongful Life: A Reply to Angela Holder

The law is a system of social control. Even more than most branches of the law, the law of torts is an obvious ‘battleground’ for social theories. The broad question which I shall pose is to what extent and how the legal system should regulate the relationship between health care providers and consumers. The question that Professor Holder addressed was significantly narrower: Is existence ever an injury? She began by ‘translating’ that question into an even more practical and focused one, namely, whether or not being alive is ever, in law, something for which one should receive monetary compensation from another. Before addressing directly Professor Holder’s inquiry, I would like to consider the kind of question she has posed.
Noninvasive NMR and NIRS Measurement of Vascular and Intracellular Oxygenation In Vivo

In the canonical biochemical view, respiration requires a coordinate regulation of oxygen transport, carbon unit flux, electron flow, proton pumping, and ADP translocation. Certainly in-vitro experiments have supported the paradigm, cast in terms of either a kinetic or thermodynamic model. How the cell mobilizes its metabolic resources, increases its metabolic rates, and adjusts O2/nutrient flux still pose questions about the currently accepted theory of respiratory control. Although some researchers downplay a significant role for a metabolic regulation of VO2 and point to a tight match between O2 supply throughout contraction, others have contended that metabolism must modulate VO2 demand and blood flow. Resolving these discordant viewpoints requires an accurate assessment of intracellular VO2 and the O2 supply. Because whole body VO2 and arterial venous oxygen difference measurements with a mean end capillary blood flow have limited accuracy in determining the dynamic change in VO2 in localized myocytes, researchers have explored noninvasive in-vivo techniques, such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Field Dependence of the Transport Critical Current in Polycrystalline TlBa2Ca2Cu3Oz Films

Large critical currents with a relatively weak magnetic field dependence are obtained in thick films of TlBa2Ca2Cu3Oz. Transport measurements indicate Jc > 105 A/cm2 at 77K, zero field, and Jc>104 at 60K in a 2T field applied along the c-axis. Reduced weak link behavior at low fields is attributed enhanced intergranular coupling which accompanies the uniaxial aligned, plate-like microstructure. The improved performance at high fields is attributed to strong intragranular flux pinning. Scaling of the high field critical current at different temperatures is observed and the data can be fit to an expression which interpolates between single vortex pinning and collective creep regime.
Tying the Knot: Early Depictions of Indenture

Chapter 3 examines two novels by authors writing at the time of indenture, Edward Jenkins’ Lutchmee and Dilloo and A.R.F. Webber’s Those That Be in Bondage. In both, a British man in power develops a relationship with a beautiful young Indian woman, raising her out of the degradation and harsh life of field labor and into a world of civilization and refinement. This represents the primary justification of colonization: Britain would protect its helpless colonies and civilize them. Both authors wrote their novels to suggest that the system of indenture needed corrections, but was generally beneficial to Britain, India, and the Caribbean nations involved in the system. Yet Jenkins and Webber reveal more than they perhaps intended. The tragic ending of Lutchmee and Dilloo, for example, in which a noble Indian man is turned vicious by the evils of the system, counters Jenkins’ argument that indenture benefits the Indian people. In Those That Be in Bondage, Webber, who was of African and European descent, reveals an ambivalence toward empire. Though he was an advocate of Guianese independence, the depictions of his characters suggest that he accepts the colonial notion of a racialized hierarchy of civilization, with Britain at the top.
PET/CT in lymphoma surveillance: A large single-center experience.

8569 Background: The role of FDG PET-CT in the modern management of lymphoma continues to evolve. Current guidelines are largely based on studies with limited numbers of patients. The aim of this s...
Flow-facilitated ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) and post-polymerization modification reactions

This communication describes the use of flow to facilitate ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) reactions of norbornene-derivatives. Homo-and block copolymers can be prepared with moderate control over molecular weight. These reactions are operationally simple and complete in seconds. Additionally, thio-bromo “click” post-polymerization modifications can be carried out inline.
The lifted matrix-space model for semantic composition

Tree-structured neural network architectures for sentence encoding draw inspiration from the approach to semantic composition generally seen in formal linguistics, and have shown empirical improvements over comparable sequence models by doing so. Moreover, adding multiplicative interaction terms to the composition functions in these models can yield significant further improvements. However, existing compositional approaches that adopt such a powerful composition function scale poorly, with parameter counts exploding as model dimension or vocabulary size grows. We introduce the Lifted Matrix-Space model, which uses a global transformation to map vector word embeddings to matrices, which can then be composed via an operation based on matrix-matrix multiplication. Its composition function effectively transmits a larger number of activations across layers with relatively few model parameters. We evaluate our model on the Stanford NLI corpus, the Multi-Genre NLI corpus, and the Stanford Sentiment Treebank and find that it consistently outperforms TreeLSTM (Tai et al., 2015), the previous best known composition function for tree-structured models.
Recent Insights into Penetration of Sand and Similar Granular Materials

This chapter is concerned with kinetic energy driven penetration into soils and soil-like granular materials. Historically this is a topic of great interest to military and civil engineers. The response of granular materials to dynamic loading also has implications for many other branches of engineering and planetary physics. Kinetic energy driven penetration refers to movement of projectiles following high-speed impact. For the phenomena discussed in this paper, there are no forces on the penetrator except the force by which the target resists penetration.
Preterm birth phenotypes in women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a population-based cohort study.

Objective To investigate preterm birth (PTB) phenotypes in women with different autoimmune rheumatic diseases in a large population-based cohort. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting California, USA. Population All live singleton births in California between 2007 and 2011 were analysed. Patients with autoimmune disease at delivery were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision , Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), codes for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (DM/PM), and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods Maternally linked hospital and birth certificate records of 2 481 516 deliveries were assessed (SLE n = 2272, RA n = 1501, SSc n = 88, JIA n = 187, DM/PM n = 38). Multivariable Poisson regression models estimated the risk ratios (RRs) for different PTB phenotypes (relative to term deliveries) for each autoimmune disease compared with the general obstetric population, adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking, education, payer, parity, and prenatal care. Main outcome measures Preterm birth (PTB) was assessed overall (20-36 weeks of gestation) and by subphenotype: preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM), spontaneous birth, or medically indicated PTB. The risk of PTB overall and for each phenotype was partitioned by gestational age: early (20-31 weeks of gestation) and late (32-36 weeks of gestation). Results Risks for PTB were elevated for each autoimmune disease evaluated: SLE (RR 3.27, 95% CI 3.01-3.56), RA (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.79-2.33), SSc (RR 3.74, 95% CI 2.51-5.58), JIA (RR 2.23, 95% CI 1.54-3.23), and DM/PM (RR 5.26, 95% CI 3.12-8.89). These elevated risks were observed for the majority of PTB phenotypes as well. Conclusions Women with systemic autoimmune diseases appear to have an elevated risk of various PTB phenotypes. Therefore, preconception counselling and close monitoring during pregnancy is crucial. Tweetable abstract This study found that women with systemic autoimmune diseases have an elevated risk of preterm birth phenotypes.
Precision Medicine and Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer

Precision medicine and targeted therapies have a long history in the treatment of breast cancer and continue to show promise for further specialized and individualized care for this disease. From the discovery of endocrine and HER2 targeted therapies, to multigene arrays in chemotherapy for more specific patient selection, to radiomics and genetic subtyping, targeted therapies and precision medicine continue to push the management of breast cancer toward more individualized care. This article describes the foundation and future of targeted therapy and precision medicine in breast cancer.
CHAPTER FIVE – Taking the Nation's Economic Pulse

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the economic and social distress within an economy. Much has been written about the economic and social distress that can occur during a deep recession in business activity, but little has been said about an economic experience that might at present be a more appropriate matter for concern—the distress that can occur in a time of spiraling inflation. The paucity is understandable. America's brushes with inflation have been less wrenching than its slumps. However, major countries have suffered disastrous inflation in modern times, and detailed, intelligent analyses of these unhappy experiences can be found. Two of the best involve the horrendous German inflation of the early 1920s. They are The Economics of Inflation by Constantino Bresciani Turroni and Exchange, Prices and Production in Hyper-Inflation: Germany, 1920–1923, by Frank D. Graham. Even in present economic environment, the raw statistics of Germany's inflation make an interesting reading.
Linear stability and nonlinear dynamics in a long-wave model of film flows inside a tube in the presence of surfactant

A long-wave model based on lubrication theory is developed for the flow of a viscous liquid film lining the interior of a tube in the presence of an insoluble surfactant on the interface; no thin-film assumption is made. Linear stability analysis identifies two modes; in the absence of base flow, the ‘interface’ mode is the only unstable mode. The growth rates of this mode serve as an accurate predictor of how surfactant concentration increases plug formation time, and the effects of film thickness on this increase are quantified. In the presence of base flow, both the interface mode and ‘surfactant’ mode may be unstable, resulting in a richer variety of free-surface dynamics. In previous work, turning points in families of travelling wave solutions for a falling viscous film lining the interior of a vertical tube with a clean interface have been shown to be a good indicator of , provided the interface mode is linearly stable. When both modes are unstable, interpretation of these turning points as they relate to plug formation is more complicated. The study concludes by examining the impact of film thickness on growth rates and travelling wave solutions for core–annular flow with surfactant.
High salt intake induces collecting duct HDAC1-dependent NO signaling.

We reported that high salt (HS) intake stimulates renal collecting duct (CD) endothelin (ET) type B receptor (ETBR)/nitric oxide (NO) synthase 1β (NOS1β)-dependent NO production inhibiting the epit...
Forecasting of Mid- and Long-Term Wind Power Using Machine Learning and Regression Models

Environmental concerns over the past decade have driven the need to harness renewable energy resources, such as wind power generation. Forecasting wind power is beneficial to power utilities; however, predicting wind power generation has proven challenging due to wind speed variability. This paper has used two machine learning algorithms, Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), along with the regression model Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), to predict wind-based power production over medium and long-term time frames. A comparative analysis of each forecasting method is presented with the predictions that account for all features. The critical feature among the independent variables is also determined and used for comparative analysis in this study. The preliminary case study results indicate that the SVM model performs better over other models to a greater extent for substantial uncertainty in dataset but suffers from larger computational run time.
A Systematic Review of Parenting Scales Measurement Invariance/Equivalence of by Race and Ethnicity: Recommendations for Inclusive Parenting Research:

The limited inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities in the development and validation of parenting measures limits our understanding of whether parenting constructs are valid in racial and ethnic min...
Goal-Driven autonomy with case-based reasoning

The vast majority of research on AI planning has focused on automated plan recognition, in which a planning agent is provided with a set of inputs that include an initial goal (or set of goals). In this context, the goal is presumed to be static; it never changes, and the agent is not provided with the ability to reason about whether it should change this goal. For some tasks in complex environments, this constraint is problematic; the agent will not be able to respond to opportunities or plan execution failures that would benefit from focusing on a different goal. Goal driven autonomy (GDA) is a reasoning framework that was recently introduced to address this limitation; GDA systems perform anytime reasoning about what goal(s) should be satisfied [4]. Although promising, there are natural roles that case-based reasoning (CBR) can serve in this framework, but no such demonstration exists. In this paper, we describe the GDA framework and describe an algorithm that uses CBR to support it. We also describe an empirical study with a multiagent gaming environment in which this CBR algorithm outperformed a rule-based variant of GDA as well as a non-GDA agent that is limited to dynamic replanning.
Placebo Effects: Issues for Clinical Practice in Psychiatry and Medicine

Placebo effects are integral to everyday clinical practice; therefore, they should be well understood by all health care practitioners. Despite the rich literature on the topic, placebo effects receive only passing mention in major textbooks of psychiatry and medicine. The authors clarify the placebo construct and offer a selective review of its history, definitions, mechanisms, and relation to experimental methodology and statistics. Also considered are the concept of nocebo, variation in placebo response rates, and some economic and ethical problems with placebos in clinical trials. Directions are suggested for future research.
Improved diagnostics and further investigation of condemnations and outbreaks associated with Erysipelothrix spp

The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of a direct isolation method for Erysipelothrix spp. with a broth-based enrichment technique. Samples were obtained from three sources: (1) experimentally inoculated pigs, (2) porcine tissue samples submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, and (3) tissues from condemned carcasses at an abattoir. Culture plates from direct isolation and broth-based technique were evaluated for growth at 24 and 48 hrs. Results indicated that the broth enrichment method was markedly more sensitive for the isolation of Erysipelothrix spp. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comparison of direct culture and broth-based enrichment methods for the isolation of Erysipelothrix spp. Interestingly, in several samples a Gram-positive bacterium with almost identical growth characteristics to Erysipelothrix spp. was detected and identified as a Vagococcus spp. through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of this study indicate that the broth-based enrichment method should be used for
Speculative versioning cache

Dependences among loads and stores whose addresses are unknown hinder the extraction of instruction level parallelism during the execution of a sequential program. Such ambiguous memory dependences can be overcome by memory dependence speculation which enables a load or store to be speculatively executed before the addresses of all preceding loads and stores are known. Furthermore, multiple speculative stores to a memory location create multiple speculative versions of the location. Program order among the speculative versions must be tracked to maintain sequential semantics. A previously proposed approach, the address resolution buffer (ARB) uses a centralized buffer to support speculative versions. Our proposal, called the speculative versioning cache (SVC), uses distributed caches to eliminate the latency and bandwidth problems of the ARB. The SVC conceptually unifies cache coherence and speculative versioning by using an organization similar to snooping bus-based coherent caches. A preliminary evaluation for the multiscalar architecture shows that hit latency is an important factor affecting performance, and private cache solutions trade-off hit rate for hit latency.
A Lower-Bound Result on the Power of Genetic Algorithms

Abstract This paper presents a lower-bound result on the computational power of a genetic algorithm in the context of combinatorial optimization. We describe a new genetic algorithm, the merged genetic algorithm, and prove that for the class of monotonic functions, the algorithm finds the optimal solution, and does so with an exponential convergence rate. The analysis pertains to the ideal behavior of the algorithm where the main task reduces to showing convergence of probability distributions over the search space of combinatorial structures to the optimal one. We take exponential convergence to be indicative of efficient solvability for the sample-bounded algorithm, although a sampling theory is needed to better relate the limit behavior to actual behavior. The paper concludes with a discussion of some immediate problems that lie ahead.
A New (and Better) Interpretation of Holmes's Prediction Theory of Law

Holmes's famous 1897 theory that law is a prediction of what courts will do in fact slowly changed the way law schools taught law until, by the mid-1920s legal realism took over the curriculum. The legal realists argued that judges decide cases on all kinds of objective and subjective reasons including precedents. If law schools wanted to train future lawyers to be effective, they should be exposed to collateral subjects that might influence judges: law and society, law and literature, and so forth. But the standard interpretation has been a huge mistake. It treats law as analogous to weather forecasting: a meteorologist predicts tomorrow's weather the way an attorney predicts a future decision by a judge. But Holmes said that what a judge decides in the future is inconsequential; a person (such as a bad man) must plan his affairs on the basis of present law. Present law is nothing other than the prediction itself. It is like quantum theory: what we see is not solid matter but rather the probability of solid matter. The law that influences our behavior is itself only a probability. In consequence, the legal realists' focus on the judge is misplaced; the focus should be on the attorney.
2011 update on pancreas transplantation: comprehensive trend analysis of 25,000 cases followed up over the course of twenty-four years at the International Pancreas Transplant Registry (IPTR).

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the outcome of pancreas and pancreas-kidney transplantations based on the comprehensive follow-up data reported to the International Pancreas Transplant Registry (IPTR). METHODS: As of December 2010, more than 35,000 pancreas transplantations have been reported to the IPTR: more than 24,000 transplantations in the US and more than 12,000 outside the US. Cases with follow-up information until March 2011 were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Pancreas transplantations in diabetic patients were divided into 3 categories: those performed simultaneously with a kidney (SPK) (75%), those given after a previous kidney transplantation (PAK) (18%), and pancreas transplantation alone (PTA) (7%). The total number of pancreas transplantations steadily increased until 2004 but has since declined. The largest decrease was seen in PAK, which decreased by 50% from 2004 through 2010. Comparatively, the number of SPK decreased by 7% during this time. Era analysis of US transplantations between 1987 and 2010 showed changes in recipient and donor characteristics. Recipient age at transplantation increased significantly as well as transplantations in type 2 diabetes patients. The trend over time was towards tighter donor criteria. There was a concentration on younger donors, preferable trauma victims, with short preservation time. Surgical techniques for the drainage of the pancreatic duct changed over time, too. Now enteric drainage is the predominantly used technique in combination with systemic drainage of the venous effluent of the pancreas graft. Immunosuppressive protocols developed towards antibody induction therapy with tacrolimus and MMF as maintenance therapy. The rate of transplantations with steroid avoidance increased over time in all 3 categories. These changes have led to improved patient and graft survival. Patient survival now reaches over 95% at one year post-transplant and over 83% after 5 years. The best graft survival was found in SPK with 86% pancreas and 93% kidney graft function at one year. PAK pancreas graft function reached 80%, and PTA pancreas graft function reached 78% at one year. In all 3 categories, early technical graft loss rates decreased significantly to 8-9%. Likewise, the 1-year immunological graft loss rate also decreased: in SPK, the immunological 1-year graft loss rate was 1.8%, in PAK 3.7%, and in PTA 6.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Patient survival and graft function improved significantly over the course of 24 years of pancreas transplantation in all 3 categories. With further reduction in surgical complications and improvements in immunosuppressive protocols, pancreas transplantation offers excellent outcomes for patients with labile diabetes.
Intracellular Viral RNA Species in Mouse Cells Nonproductively Transformed by the Murine Sarcoma Virus

Abstract The size and quantity of virus-specific RNA in five non-virus-producing mouse cells transformed by the Moloney isolate of murine sarcoma virus (MSV) was determined. Hybridization of RNA from transformed cells with the [3H]DNA product of the RNA-directed DNA polymerase of the murine sarcoma-leukemia virus was used to detect and quantitate virus-specific RNA. The amount of virus-specific RNA in non-virus-producing cells was less than one-sixth of that found in virus-producing cells. A striking correlation was found between the amount of intracellular virus-specific RNA and the degree of agglutination by conconavalin A previously reported for the four non-virus-producing NIH/3T3 cell lines (Salzberg and Green, 1974). A major RNA subunit sedimenting at 26 to 28S was detected in all five MSV-transformed non-virus-producing cells. This could represent the RNA genome of defective MSV.
College Students’ Willingness to Reveal Risky Behaviors: The Influence of Relationship and Message Type

This study examined how emerging adults' (ages 18–25) perceptions of confirming, disconfirming, and challenging messages from parents, siblings, and peers shaped their decisions to reveal or conceal their risky behaviors. College students (N = 500) reported on a risky behavior they were keeping from a parent, sibling, or friend and were asked two months later whether they revealed it. They were more willing to reveal their risky behavior to their peers and siblings compared to their parents. When it came to actually revealing their risky behavior, however, the type of target alone did not seem to truly influence the disclosure of the risky behavior. What mattered was the type of message and the interaction between the type of message and the type of target. College students were more likely to reveal their risky behavior when they thought the person would be more confirming and challenging and less disconfirming. The expectation of these messages was, however, important when revealing to parents and sibli...
Modeling of Storage in Batching and Scheduling of Multistage Processes

The goal of this paper is the development of a mixed-integer programming formulation for the simultaneous batching and scheduling in multiproduct multistage processes with storage constraints. Storage vessels are modeled as additional processing units for which assignment and sequencing constraints are expressed. Our formulation involves selection (batching), assignment and precedence (scheduling) binary variables as well as batch-size and timing continuous variables. We also discuss a general classification of storage policies in multistage processes and show how the proposed formulation can be readily modified to address all classes of problems. Finally, we extend our approach to address problems with sequence-dependent changeovers and stand-alone scheduling problems, and we present a set of tightening constraints that enhance the solution of the proposed models.
Bilateral uterosacral ligament vaginal vault suspension with site-specific endopelvic fascia defect repair for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.

Abstract Objective: The anatomic and functional success of suspension of the vaginal cuff to the proximal uterosacral ligaments is described. Study Design: Forty-six women underwent vaginal site-specific repair of endopelvic fascia defects with suspension of the vaginal cuff to the proximal uterosacral ligaments for pelvic organ prolapse. Outcome measures included operative complications, pelvic organ prolapse quantitation, and assessment of pelvic floor symptoms. Results: After a median follow-up of 15.5 months (range, 3.5 months–3.4 years), 90% of patients had both resolution of vaginal bulging or prolapse symptoms and improvement of the stage of prolapse. There were improvements in all pelvic organ prolapse quantitation measurements except for total vaginal length, for which the median decrease was 0.75 cm. Intraoperatively, ureteral occlusion was noted in 11% (5/46) of patients with universal cystoscopy. In 3 patients the uterosacral suspension sutures were removed and replaced with resolution of the occlusion and in 2 patients ureteral reimplantation was required. Symptomatic prolapse (2 apical segment, 1 anterior, and 1 posterior) developed in 4 patients (10%), and 3 of them underwent reoperation. There were significant improvements in symptoms of bulging and pressure, voiding dysfunction, and vaginal and perineal splinting. Conclusion: Suspension of the vaginal vault to the proximal uterosacral ligaments combined with site-specific repair of endopelvic fascia defects provides excellent anatomic and functional correction of pelvic organ prolapse in most women. The risk of ureteral injury with this technique makes intraoperative cystoscopy essential. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1402-11.)
Role of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide in chronic anemia in the ovine fetus: effects of a non-peptide antagonist for atrial natriuretic peptide receptor.

Role of Endogenous Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Chronic Anemia in the Ovine Fetus: Effects of a Non-Peptide Antagonist for Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Receptor
Managing the Boss: Locus of Control and Subordinates' Selection of Compliance-Gaining Strategies in Upward Communication

To what extent are subordinates inclined to attempt compliance-gaining with superiors in upward communication? What factors are related to their selection of compliance-gaining strategies? This study sought answers to these questions by investigating inclination toward compliance-gaining as a function of subordinate locus of control (internal versus external) and situation (policy circumvention versus policy enforcement). Hypotheses predicted that (a) internal subordinates would exceed external subordinates in inclination to use strategies based on relationships/identification and values/obligations, and (b) locus of control and situation would interact, with external subordinates demonstrating less inclination to attempt compliancegaining with superiors in a policy circumvention situation than in other conditions. Results lend qualified support for hypothesized differences between internal and external subordinates, but also suggest that subordinates in general prefer only a few specific strategies in co...
Behavioral sensitivity to LSD: dependency upon the pattern of central 5HT depletion.

Abstract Two experiments were carried out using a fixed ratio (FR) schedule of water reinforcement to determine the efficacy of two serotonin (5HT) depleting agents (p-chloroamphetamine, 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine) in altering sensitivity to a low dose of LSD (0.02 mg/kg). The results showed that while both p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) and 5, 7 dihydroxytryptamine (5, 7 DHT) were efficacious in reducing whole brain 5HT, only 5, 7 DHT altered LSD sensitivity such that a 0.02 mg/kg dose of LSD given 12 days after 5, 7 DHT administration disrupted bar press behavior. This was not observed in animals given PCA within similar parameters. Moreover, 4 animals given PCA that did not show increased sensitivity to LSD, did show behavioral disruption to LSD (0.02 mg/kg) when they were pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine. Results are discussed on terms of a possible particular pattern of 5HT depletion that must be achieved before sensitivity to LSD is observed.
Acute conjunctivitis in childhood

We obtained specimens for culture from the lids and conjunctivae of 95 patients with acute conjunctivitis and 91 control children of similar age and, in addition, stained the conjunctival scrapings with Giemsa and Gram stains. The conjunctivitis was attributed to bacterial infection in 76 patients, viral infection in 12 children, and al lergy in 2 patients; no cause was identified in the remaining 5 patients. In most cases the etiologic diagnosis was based on the results of laboratory studies. By separately culturing microorganisms in specimens from the lids and conjunctivae of patients and control subjects, we could distinguish normal flora from pathogens, and blepharitis from conjunctivitis. Staphylococci, corynebacteria, and =-hemolytic streptococci were the predominant organisms recovered from the lids of control subjects. In contrast, Haemophilus Influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalls were the major pathogens cultured from the conjunctival specimens from patients with bacterial conjunctivitis. Gram stains of conjunctival scrapings provided a rapid means of predicting the pathogen in 51 of 55 cases of bacterial conjunctivitis. Giemsa stains of conjunctival scraplngs provided etiologic information in 81 of 84 cases, showing neutrophilia in bacterial infections, lymphocytosis in viral infections, and eosinophilia in allergic disease. These results indicate that most cases of acute conjunctivitis in children can be diagnosed on the basis of differential cultures of microorganisms from the lid and conJunctiva, together with Glemsa stains of conjunctival scrapings. (J PEDIAI'R 1993;122:10-4)
Diet and Movements of Age-1+ Pink Salmon in Western Lake Huron

Abstract Yearling pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha were collected from the Lake Huron sports catch from June through August 1985. We documented a northward movement of these fish from the St. Clair River in late spring to the Mackinac Straits area by late August. Pink salmon fed predominately upon rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax (45% by weight) and alewife Alosa psuedoharengus (38%). Other important food items were the adult stages of aquatic and terrestrial insects (5%), primarily of the orders Diptera, Ephemeroptera, and Lepidoptera. Zooplankton, of which primarily Daphnia pulex and Pontoporeia hoyi were eaten, were relatively unimportant (<1%). The diet of pink salmon overlaps those of other salmonids in the Great Lakes, and abundant year classes of pink salmon may adversely affect the growth and abundance of other species in the Great Lakes salmonid complex.
A New Concept for the Role of Ex vivo Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Node-Negative Colorectal Cancer

Background We recently introduced ex vivo, intra-arterial methylene blue injection as a simple method to improve the lymph node (LN) harvest in gastrointestinal cancer. We now combined it with a novel ex vivo sentinel lymph node (evSLN) mapping technique.
Increased age of transformed mouse neural progenitor/stem cells recapitulates age-dependent clinical features of human glioma malignancy

Summary Increasing age is the most robust predictor of greater malignancy and treatment resistance in human gliomas. However, the adverse association of clinical course with aging is rarely considered in animal glioma models, impeding delineation of the relative importance of organismal versus progenitor cell aging in the genesis of glioma malignancy. To address this limitation, we implanted transformed neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), the presumed cells of glioma origin, from 3- and 18-month-old mice into 3- and 20-month host animals. Transplantation with progenitors from older animals resulted in significantly shorter (P ≤ 0.0001) median survival in both 3-month (37.5 vs. 83 days) and 20-month (38 vs. 67 days) hosts, indicating that age-dependent changes intrinsic to NSPCs rather than host animal age accounted for greater malignancy. Subsequent analyses revealed that increased invasiveness, genomic instability, resistance to therapeutic agents, and tolerance to hypoxic stress accompanied aging in transformed NSPCs. Greater tolerance to hypoxia in older progenitor cells, as evidenced by elevated HIF-1 promoter reporter activity and hypoxia response gene (HRG) expression, mirrors the upregulation of HRGs in cohorts of older vs. younger glioma patients revealed by analysis of gene expression databases, suggesting that differential response to hypoxic stress may underlie age-dependent differences in invasion, genomic instability, and treatment resistance. Our study provides strong evidence that progenitor cell aging is responsible for promoting the hallmarks of age-dependent glioma malignancy and that consideration of progenitor aging will facilitate development of physiologically and clinically relevant animal models of human gliomas.
Ocular findings in abused children and infants born to drug abusing mothers.

The ocular findings in physically abused children and children born to mothers who abuse drugs are discussed. Some of the ocular and systemic findings and long-term effects of drug abuse on the infant are unknown, and only time will characterize them. This article summarized current information and provides information to assist detection of child abuse
Relaxation of Photoexcited Electrons at a Nanostructured Si(111) Surface

Relaxation pathways of photoinduced electronic redistribution at nanostructured semiconductor surfaces are obtained from time-dependent density matrix and ab initio electronic structure methods, giving electronic changes in energy and space over time. They are applied to a Ag cluster on a Si(111) surface, initially photoexcited by a short pulse, and show that the Ag cluster adds surface-localized states that enhance electron transfer. Results on the time evolution of population density distributions in energy and in space, for valence and conduction bands, explore the energy band landscape of a Si slab, with various relaxation pathways ending up in a charge-separated state, with a hole in the Si slab and an electron in the adsorbed Ag cluster. Calculated electronic relaxation times for Si(111)/H are of the same order as experimental values for similar semiconductor systems.
Dead Layers in Charged-Particle Detectors

This paper presents the results of dead-layer thickness measurements on silicon surface-barrier and ion-implanted detectors and a comparison of various methods for measuring dead-layer thicknesses. Our experimental arrangement and estimates of experimental error are discussed. Data on dead-layer thicknesses of n-type and p-type surface-barrier detectors and boron-implanted position-sensitive detectors are given. A linear relation was observed between the dead-layer thickness and the metal electrode thickness for both the rectifying and ohmic contact of barrier detectors. The thinnest dead layers measured were 270A (silicon equivalent) for 15 ?g/cm2 of gold and 460A (silicon equivalent) for 6 ?g/cm2 of aluminum.
Carbon isotope discrimination in a plant possessing the C4 dicar☐ylic acid pathway

The δ13C values for the major plant constituents and some of the metabolic intermediates have been determined in a Calvin-cycle plant (cotton) and in a tropical grass (sorghum). The isotope data support the proposition that carbon in the sugars, proteins and lipids of sorghum is derived from the car☐yl group of oxaloacetate or malic acid by way of the C4 dicar☐ylic acid pathway.
Actions of calcium and magnesium on the rate of onset of botulinum toxin paralysis of the rat diaphragm

Abstract Isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations bathed in varying concentrations of calcium and magnesium were poisoned with botulinum toxin. Results indicated that the neuromuscular failure latency was related to the calcium to magnesium ratio rather than to the absolute levels of either of these ions. In addition, previous exposure of botulinum toxin to calcium did not diminish its subsequent toxicity. Since the data suggest that calcium and botulinum toxin may be effective at different steps in the release of ACh, it is hypothesized that there is at least a two component system to the presynaptic release of ACh.
Anatomy reports on the internet: A web-based tool for student reports on cadaveric findings

The difference between the idealization of anatomy atlases and the reality of human cadavers often frustrates gross anatomy students. To encourage students to celebrate rather than protest these differences, we describe a web site ARI (Anatomy Reports on the Internet) that allows students to document cadaveric findings online with photographs and text. We used several web languages for site construction, including mysql, php, html, and javascript. Faculty tools allow instructors to upload digital images of the structures, add relevant commentary, view and delete images, review submitted reports, and examine database statistics. Student tools allow dissection groups to choose and comment on images, enter and edit reports, and read reports submitted by other students. During the first two years of the site's use (2000–2001, 2002–2003), every dissection group at our institution submitted at least one report. Technical support requests were minimal. Clin. Anat. 20:215–221, 2007. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of analog and digital filtering on brain stem auditory evoked potentials

Most investigators of the brains stem auditory evoked potentials utilize analog filters to reduce the noise content of the averaged signals, but different investigators use different filter bandwidths. Data presented in this note compare the effects of different upper and lower cutoff frequencies for both analog and zero-phase shift digital filters. Effects on response wave form and on measured values of amplitude and latency of wave V are considered. It is concluded that, for given cutoff frequencies, analog filtering causes more distortion of the response than digital filtering, due primarily to phase distortion introduced by the analog filter. It is likely that differences in filter cutoff frequencies, especially lower cutoff frequencies, are a significant source of variability in results reported by different investigators.
Electric Field Gradients in Dilute Copper Alloys

The electric-quadrupole-tensor parameters of copper neighbors to the impurities Zn, Cd, Ag, and Au have been measured by studying the angular dependence of the second-order splitting of the $\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}$ nuclear-magnetic-resonance transitions in single crystals of copper metal. The parameters for the first neighbors were determined for all the impurities, and for the second neighbors to Cd, Ag, and Au. The results for the charged impurities complement the work of Jensen, Nevald, and Williams on Ge, In, Sn, and Sb in copper, and show a systematic change in the electric field gradient at nearest-neighbor sites as a function of impurity valence for which present theory is inadequate.