cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia Due to Pentamidine-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Although pentamidine isethionate is effective in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, it frequently causes serious adverse reactions. We report a case of reversible pentamidine-induced cardiotoxicity, characterized electrocardiographically by prolongation of the QT interval, T-wave inversion, and electrical alternans of the U-wave. In addition, the patient had repeated episodes of ventricular tachycardia that culminated in torsades de pointes. Our case re-emphasizes the need for close patient monitoring during pentamidine therapy. Chest 1988; 94:1303-06
Optical activity of simple peptides. I. Glycine oligopeptides with internal L‐alanyl or ‐L‐glutamyl residues

Oligopeptides containing glycine and one or two L-alanyl or L-glutamyl residues have been studied by circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) in aqueous solution at pH 1.0, pH 6.0, and pH 10.0 and in aqueous ethanol. Two glycyl residues are required to remove effects of α-carboxyl or amino titration on the optical activity of the internal alanyl or glutamyl residues. The CD spectra of the alanyl and protonated glutamyl residues are similar, having two regions of negative ellipticity around 215 nm resulting in a spectrum reassembling that of poly-α-L-glutamic acid (PGA) at high pH. Another large positive band below 190 nm was observed for gly2-glu2-gly2 in water at pH 6 and 10 and for several peptides in aqueous ethanol. Residue ellipticities were approximately additive in every case except for peptides containing intrenal glutamyl residu at pH 6.0.
White Lupin Performance and Nutritional Value as Affected by Planting Date and Row Spacing

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is a potential alternative winter grain legume crop for the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. However, information about suitable production technology and nutritional quality of lupin grown in this region is unavailable. We studied the performance of a determinate cultivar (Lucyanne) and an indeterminate cultivar (Lunoble) during 1998-1999 and 1999-2000 growing seasons to identify optimum planting time and row spacing and to examine the nutritional quality of lupin. Three row spacings (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m) were evaluated in each of the three planting dates: early October, late October, and mid-November. The indeterminate cultivar was taller and had a 26% higher seed yield (4.8 Mg ha -1 ) than the determinate cultivar (3.8 Mg ha -1 ). A delay in planting time from early October to late October or mid-November decreased both seed yield (5.6, 4.1, and 3.2 Mg ha -1 , respectively) and plant height (0.77, 0.64, and 0.53 m, respectively). The highest seed yield (5.9 Mg ha -1 ) was recorded for the row spacing of 03 m. Row spacing did not affect seed size or plant height. Cultivar, planting date, and row-spacing effects on protein and sugar concentrations were not significant. Delayed planting reduced, whereas narrow row spacing increased, oil concentration. The mean protein, sugar, and oil contents in Virginia-grown lupin seed were 347, 73, and 75 g kg -1 , respectively. These preliminary experiments Indicated that indeterminate cultivar had a yield advantage over the determinate cultivar, the optimal planting time was early October, and the optimal row spacing was 0.3 m.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 and PPD for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of immunoglobulin C antibody to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 and tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) were assessed for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis in 41 patients with active tuberculosis, 19 patients with inactive tuberculosis, and 59 healthy control subjects. Patients with active tuberculosis were studied serially at monthly intervals following the initiation of therapy. When contrasted with our earlier studies of sera from patients in Bolivia and Argentina, serum titers in Cleveland patients with active tuberculosis were somewhat lower. Geometric mean titer in patients with active tuberculosis was 1:68 with antigen 5 and 1:46 with PPD. Titer was correlated with patient age, male sex, extent of tuberculosis, and history of prior tuberculosis. However, these associations were not statistically significant. During monthly follow-up for 16 months after the initiation of therapy, ELISA titers remained essentially stable. Thus, no convincing evidence was acquired to support the hypothesis that higher titers in sera from South American patients related to more chronic or more extensive disease. Receiver operating characteristics of ELISA with antigen 5 were better than those obtained using PPD and were similar to those reported by others for sputum smear. In a situation where tuberculosis screening is warranted, ELISA with antigen 5 might have a place if it recognizes a different population than does sputum smear.
Chronische jicht: urinezuurverlagende therapie met profylaxe?

CATS, critically appraised topics, proberen een evidence-based antwoord op een praktijkvraag te krijgen.
Unsupervised lexicon induction for clause-level detection of evaluations

This article proposes clause-level evaluation detection, which is a fine-grained type of opinion mining, and describes an unsupervised lexicon building method for capturing domain-specific knowledge by leveraging the similar polarities of sentiments between adjacent clauses. The lexical entries to be acquired are called polar atoms, the minimum human-understandable syntactic structures that specify the polarity of clauses. As a hint to obtain candidate polar atoms, we use context coherency, the tendency for the same polarity to appear successively in a context. Using the overall density and precision of coherency in the corpus, the statistical estimation picks up appropriate polar atoms from among the candidates, without any manual tuning of the threshold values. The experimental results show that the precision of polarity assignment with the automatically acquired lexicon was 83 per cent on average, and our method is robust for corpora in diverse domains and for the size of the initial lexicon.
Parenting in 2 Worlds: pilot results from a culturally adapted parenting program for urban American Indians.

This study reports the implementation and feasibility of a culturally adapted parenting curriculum, Parenting in 2 Worlds (P2W), which we designed specifically for urban American Indian families by means of community-based participatory research and then pilot tested in three Arizona cities. Data come from matched pre- and post-test surveys completed in 2012 by 75 American Indian parents of adolescents aged 10–17 who participated in the pilot version of P2W. P2W is a 10-workshop program administered twice a week for 5 weeks by trained American Indian community facilitators. Parents completed pre-test surveys during Workshop 1 and post-test surveys 5 weeks later during Workshop 10. Paired t tests assessed changes in parenting outcomes, cultural identity, and child anti-social behavior. Changes from pre- to post-test demonstrated statistically significant improvements in several parenting outcomes (discipline, involvement, self-agency, and supervision), a strengthened sense of ethnic and cultural identity and Native spirituality, and a decrease in the child’s anti-social behavior. These results, which show significant preliminary improvements in parenting skills and family functioning, suggest the feasibility of implementing a culturally grounded parenting intervention for urban American Indian parents.
Interpretation of venous occlusion plethysmography using a nonlinear model.

Venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) is a noninvasive technique widely employed for the detection of deep-vein thrombosis. Previous reports that VOP outflow curves are closely fit by a first-order exponential suggest that venous compliance and resistance are nearly constant. Typically, however, the venous compliance function has a sigmoid shape; in addition, the resistance in a collapsing tube must increase. This paradox was resolved by the surprising finding that for realistic nonlinear compliance and resistance these nonlinearities cancel, producing a quasilinear venous outflow that approximates a simple exponential.
Enhanced detection of normal retinal nerve-fiber striations using a charge-coupled device and digital filtering

We used a 1024 × 1024 pixel, 15-μm, 16-bitencoding, multi-pin-phase charge-coupled device (CCD) to obtain images of the normal human retinal nerve fiber layer. This device, which operates at room temperature, offers significantly better signal-to-noise ratio, linearity, and dynamic range than do photographic film, video imaging techniques, or commercially available CCDs. We demonstrate the use of a nonlinear digital filter, together with filter windows, that enhances fine detail of NFL striations, while suppressing noise, in limited areas of the CCD images. High-sensitivity imaging of this type, together with appropriate digital processing, may prove useful in diagnosing and following nerve-fiber-layer damage due to glaucoma.
Lonchocarpus—A fish-poison insecticide

The roots of this tropical vine are the source of the valuable insecticide rotenone, non-toxic to humans, and were imported into the United States in 1946 from Brazil and Peru, from both wild and cultivated material, to the extent of more than 11 million pounds.
Carcinoma of the lip and selected sites of head and neck skin. A clinical study of 896 patients.

Summary During a period of over 20 years, 896 patients were treated with radiation in Wadsworth Medical Center,Los Angeles, for carcinoma of the lip and selected sites of skin of the head and neck. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was found in 467 (52%) patients, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 362 (40%), and the remaining 67 (8%) had tumors with mixed basal and squamous cell features. BCC was the most common tumor (72%) among the 646 skin cancer patients while SCC predominated (99%) among the 250 lip cancer patients. Tumor control correlated well with the size of the lesion, p p =0.021) influence on the tumor control rate, which was the highest among the BCC patients when compared with SCC or mixed cell patients. This study has again demonstrated the effectiveness of radiotherapy in controlling small and intermediate size epithelial tumors of the skin and lip. Additionally, irradiation, if administered properly, results in excellent cosmesis and a low incidence of treatment complications. Severe complications of radiotherapy reported in the literature took place at the beginning of this century and are no longer pertinent in the practice of modern radiation oncology. Larger lesions remain a challenge to radiation or surgical dermato-oncologists. A lack of tumor control in such lesions frequently results in a death of patient.
INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND PERFORMANCE OF NEW VENTURE HIGH-TECH FIRMS

Intellectual capital (IC) has been proposed as an essential factor for organizational survival and maintenance of competitive strength. However, there has been very limited consensus on what encompasses IC and how it can best be conceptualized and measured. Further, very little empirical work has specifically examined the relationship between IC and financial performance. Given these shortcomings, this paper focuses first on the impact IC has on performance and secondly on the role strategic alliances may have on this relationship. While we argue that IC will impact performance, we anticipate this relationship will be moderated by strategic alliances and other inter-firm collaborations. Findings reveal interesting relationships that suggest further effort should be placed on the conceptualization and measurement of IC, specifically regarding its relationship to firm performance.
Campath-1H as rescue therapy for the treatment of acute rejection in kidney transplant patients.

Abstract Introduction Kidney transplant patients with acute rejection episodes refractory to antilymphocyte preparations require aggressive treatment to salvage renal function and reduce the progression of chronic allograft nephropathy. Patients and methods During a 6-month period, we administered Campath-1H as salvage therapy to five patients who had been previously treated with thymoglobulin and/or OKT3. In addition to measurements of the serum creatinine and BUN levels, we estimated creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) using the Cockcroft-Gault and the MDRD equations at the time of initiation of therapy as well as at 2 weeks and 2 months thereafter. Result Four of the five patients responded to Campath-1H therapy; kidney function improved to nearly the level before the rejection episode. The estimated creatinine clearance increased approximately threefold and the GFR approximately fourfold higher than the values before Campath-1H administration. The adverse events were mild and self-limited. Conclusion Salvage of refractory acute rejection episodes may be possible in selected patients using Campath-1H.
The Effects of Physical Attractiveness and Ethnicity on Children's Behavioral Attributions and Peer Preferences.

LANGLOIS, JUDITH H., and STEPHAN, COOKIE. The Effects of Physical Attractiveness and Ethnicity on Children's Behavioral Attributions and Peer Preferences. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 1694-1698. The purpose of this study was to investigate the generality of stereotypes associated with physical attractiveness and to assess the relative contributions of attractiveness and ethnicity in determining children's attributions and peer preferences. Subjects were 120 male and female, kindergarten and fourth-grade, Black, Anglo, and Mexican-American children who were shown pretested photographs of an attractive and an unattractive stimulus child from each of the 3 ethnic groups. Each child was asked to rate the stimulus child on several dimensions including physical attractiveness, liking preferences, and behavioral characteristics. Children from all 3 ethnic groups responded primarily on the basis of physical attractiveness rather than ethnicity. Attractive stimulus children were liked more, were perceived as being smarter, were rated higher on sharing and friendliness and lower on meanness and hitting other children. The data suggest that stereotypes associated with physical attractiveness are stronger determinants of peer preferences and behavioral attributions than ethnic stereotypes.
The relative effectiveness of mixed, explicit and implicit feedback in the acquisition of English articles

Abstract This article reports on a study that compares the effectiveness of three oral negative feedback types in the acquisition of English articles. A mixed feedback treatment, in which learners' errors were corrected, first, through explicit feedback, then through implicit feedback, was compared to implicit-only (i.e., recasts) and explicit-only (i.e., explicit correction) feedback treatments. The study followed a pretest/posttest/delayed posttest experimental design. Eighty English-as-a foreign language learners, whose proficiency level ranged from beginner to intermediate, were randomly assigned into explicit-only feedback, implicit-only feedback, mixed feedback, reduced-explicit feedback and no-feedback control groups. The learners and researcher met two times for the treatment sessions. In each treatment session, the learners and researcher carried out three oral production tasks, where learner errors on the English indefinite and definite articles were treated according to their group assignments. The differences between the groups in performance were measured using oral production tasks. The results of the study revealed that the explicit-only feedback and mixed feedback groups outperformed all the other groups on the immediate posttest, but there was no difference between the explicit-only and mixed feedback groups on either of the posttests. This result was interpreted as indicating that mixed-feedback can be as effective as explicit-only feedback.
Enzymic studies of glycol and glycerol lipids containing O-alkyl bonds in liver and tumor tissues.

Abstract The utilization of [1- 14 C]hexadecyl-[2- 3 H]ethyleneglycol and [1- 14 C]hexadecyl-[2- 3 H]glycerol as substrates for acyltransferase, phosphotransferase, phosphorylcholine, and phosphorylethanolamine transferase, and O -alkyl cleavage activities in cell-free preparations from normal rat liver and preputial gland tumors of mice was investigated. Our studies demonstrate that alkylethyleneglycols, like alkylglycerols, can serve as substrates for acyltransferases in both the liver and tumor microsomes; the product alkylacylethyleneglycerol can be readily deacylated by pancreatic lipase. A polar lipid was formed from the alkylethyleneglycol by the tumor homogenates in the presence of ATP and Mg 2+ ; although the small quantities formed precluded absolute identification, its thin-layer Chromatographic behavior in acidic and basic solvent systems indicated that a free phosphate group was present. As expected, phosphorylbase transferases in these preparations did not utilize either the alkylethyleneglycol or alkylglycerol as substrates. The O -alkyl moiety of hexadecyl-ethyleneglycol was oxidized to hexadecanal by a tetrahydropteridine-dependent cleavage enzyme in rat liver microsomes, whereas in the tumor microsomes this activity was not present. We conclude that alkylethyleneglycols are metabolized in a manner similar to alkylglycerols and perhaps by identical enzymes.
First postpartum luteal function in dairy cows after ovulation induced by progestogen and gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

The objective was to determine the effects of progestogen treatment on the lifespan of the first corpus luteum induced by GnRH in periparturient-milked cows. Dairy cows (n = 55) were assigned randomly following normal parturitions to receive either a progestogen implant (6 mg of norgestomet) or a blank implant (control) for 6 d beginning 2 to 5 d after calving. Fifty micrograms of GnRH were administered i.m. 72 h after implant removal to induce ovulation. Concentrations of LH and FSH in serum from 24 to 30 h and from 66 to 72 h after implant removal were similar among treatments. The magnitude of LH released after GnRH injection was higher in progestogen-treated cows (7.6 +/- .9 ng/ml) than in controls (5.3 +/- .9 ng/ml). Concentrations of estradiol in serum from the beginning of the implant period until 3 d after GnRH injection were higher in cows receiving progestogen (9.1 +/- 1.7 pg/ml) than in controls (5.6 +/- 1.7 pg/ml). The proportion of cows that responded to GnRH (elevated concentrations of progesterone in serum greater than .5 ng/ml within 3 to 5 d after injection) tended to be higher in cows receiving progestogen (24 of 28) than in control cows (19 of 27). By definition, interval to first ovulation after GnRH injection was shorter in cows responding to GnRH (3.8 +/- .5 d) than in those failing to respond (20.2 +/- .9 d).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Computer-generated progress notes in an automated POMR.

Herein we describe an innovative, computerized version of Problem Oriented Medical Records (POMR). This expanded variation of the Weed1 system is currently being used by primary care physicians on a regular basis with excellent results. The method is an extension of the POMR system of keeping medical records, augmented in the manner of McDonald2,3 for computer-generated reminders. Separate files are maintained for the patients, the diagnoses, and the medications. At each patient “encounter,” reminders from the diagnosis file are printed for each active diagnosis for the patient. These reminders are grouped into initial data bases and follow-up data bases. For each “diagnosis-specific data base,” both subjective and objective reminders are printed. Similarly, follow-up data reminders for medication surveillance are displayed.
Prediction of effective thermal conductivity of cellular ceramics

Two unit cell based models have been developed to predict the effective thermal conductivity of porous materials using the thermal-circuit method. The first unit cell is a cubic-shaped box. The second unit cell is formed by a solid cube which is voided centrally by a sphere. The model predictions of the effective thermal conductivity of cellular ceramics are compared with experimental data.
Brief critical review: Statistical assessment of biomarker performance.

Abstract Introduction Articles have suggested that C-statistics associated with receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves are insufficiently sensitive compared to odds/risk ratios (OR/RR) defined by p-values. Some suggest reclassification techniques are more appropriate. Methods We review the concepts of p-values, OR/RR, and ROC curves. We construct a ROC curve, demonstrate parametric and nonparametric curves, and analyze a comparison of ROC curves. Results Using these illustrations, we show that the ROC curve is not simply a C-statistic but a continuum of sensitivity/specificity pairs over decision levels. We demonstrate that p-values provide little useful information about discrimination and that OR/RR is a limited expression of a sensitivity/specificity plot. We illustrate that low prevalence produces low positive predictive values, reclassification techniques are subject to the same rules of prevalence as other analysis, and that modifying the analysis can decrease the p-value comparing C-statistics without altering the sensitivity/specificity plot. Conclusions ROC curves provide both visual and statistical information to support entry into large-scale trials, determining decision levels and the use of testing in the absence of such trials. If the sensitivity/specificity plot shows little improvement at appropriate decision point(s), statistically significant-improvement in other “novel” statistical indices should be suspect.
Posterior Reduction Aortoplasty for Left Pulmonary Artery Compression After Norwood Procedure

All patients following the Norwood I procedure have a very large ascending aorta. This can lead to extrinsic compression of the surrounding vessels. We report a case of left pulmonary artery compression secondary to an aneurysmal neo-aorta and describe a technique of posterior reduction aortoplasty to decompress the left pulmonary artery.
TCR and Notch synergize in αβ versus γδ lineage choice

At two checkpoints, T cell development is controlled by T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, which determines survival and lineage commitment. At the first of these checkpoints, signaling by the pre-TCR, the γδTCR or the αβTCR has a major but nonexclusive impact on whether cells will become CD4 − CD8 − γδ or CD4 + CD8 + αβ lineage cells. Pre-TCR signals synergize with moderate Notch signals to generate αβ lineage cells. Relatively strong signals by the γδTCR (or early expressed αβTCR) in the absence of Notch signaling are sufficient to yield γδ lineage cells. However, relatively weak signals of the latter two receptors combined with strong Notch signaling result in the formation of αβ lineage cells that generate a diverse αβTCR repertoire in pre-TCR-deficient mice. It remains to be determined whether TCR and/or Notch signals instruct or confirm predetermined lineage fate.
Progression and regression of coronary atherosclerosis: Relation to risk factors☆

Epidemiologic studies have recognized the association of certain clinical characteristics, called “risk factors,” with the incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease. l-lo Although association does not imply causation, an assumption of “probable cause” has been made by some2 and extraordinary efforts have been undertaken to favorably alter these factors in affected “high-risk” individuals and in society at large (primary prevention).” Similar measures have been recommended for patients with proved disease (secondary prevention).“. l2 In the patient with angiographically documented disease, death can be related to the number of coronary arteries involved, to the severity of involvement, and to left ventricular function.13-‘7 Risk factors are less clearly related to prognosis.‘“’ 14, l6 In the patient with disease, it can also be demonstrated that progression occurs in relation to time, increasing vessel involvement and left ventricular dysfunction.18,1g Risk factors at initial catheterization have not been found helpful in determining which cases will progress. 18-20 There has been little evidence to suggest that alteration of these risk factors in the individual who already has disease either retards or reverses the disease, thereby altering the risk of death.
All roads lead to chromatin: Multiple pathways for histone deposition.

Chromatin, a complex of DNA and associated proteins, governs diverse processes including gene transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair. The fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of 147 bp of DNA wound about 1.6 turns around a histone octamer of one (H3-H4)2 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers. In order to form nucleosomes, (H3-H4)2 tetramers are deposited first, followed by the rapid deposition of H2A-H2B. It is believed that the assembly of (H3-H4)2 tetramers into nucleosomes is the rate-limiting step of nucleosome assembly. Moreover, assembly of H3-H4 into nucleosomes following DNA replication, DNA repair and gene transcription is likely to be a key step in the inheritance of epigenetic information and maintenance of genome integrity. In this review, we discuss how nucleosome assembly of H3-H4 is regulated by concerted actions of histone chaperones and modifications on newly synthesized H3 and H4. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Histone chaperones and Chromatin assembly.
Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic study of excess and absolute sorption isotherms of acetonitrile—water mixtures

The retention volumes of the disturbance peak, Vr,(1,2), and the isotopically labeled counterparts, VR,1 and VR,2, of the components of acetonitrile—water mixtures were determined over a wide composition range at 25, 35, 45 and 55°C. An explicit model-independent, self-consistency equation relating VR,(1,2) and the composition derivatives of VR,1 and VR,2 derived and successfully tested. Also derived were equations that lead to the evaluation (from the same data set) and linkage of the excess and absolute sorption isotherms of the components. The latter isotherms are based on an internally consistent model which permits the determination of the mobile phase volume.
Is There a Seasonal Variation in Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in Adolescents

Background The purpose of this study was to detennine if a seasonal variation exists in chlamydia and/or gonorrhea in the female adolescent population. Methods A retrospective review of all clinic visits (N = 3454) between 1/1/93–12/31/91 from a teen pregnancy prevention clinic was perfonned. DNA probe test kits for gonorrhea and chlamdia were sent on all patients undergoing annual exams as well as those with sexually transmitted disease exposure and those with symptoms of such. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Chi-square analysis. Results All patients were female with age-range as follows: 23.2% less than 15,51.6% 15–17 16.5% 18–19, and 2.1% 20–21. Thirty percent were Caucasian and 70% were African American. There were 51 cases of gonorrhea with 26.3% diagnosed in winter, 12.3% in spring, 28.1% in summer, and 33.3% in fall (P > .05). Chlamydia was diagnosed 109 times, also distributed evenly across the seasons, with 20.2% in winter, 19.3% in spring, 32.1% in summer, and 28.4% in fall (P > .05). While the number of cases of chlamydia per year remained relatively constant during the five year period (range 16–21, mean 22, P > .05), the variation in cases of gonorrhea/year is statistically significant (range 3–11, mean 11, P Conclusions Neither gonorrhea nor chlamydia exhibited seasonal variation in our population ofcontracepting sexually active adolescents. Gonorrhea has become less prominent than chlamydia over the five year period studied.
MUTATION IN MATTHIOLA ANNUA, A “MENDELIZING” SPECIES

Interest in the subject of mutation seems to be growing, and with good reason. Varied as may be the processes concerned in the production of mutant forms, evidence is accumulating to show that sometimes, at least, mutation involves fundamental chemical or structural changes in the germ-plasm. It is obviously of great importance in practical breeding, and we cannot yet safely deny to it a significant role in evolution. In view of the peculiarities in the general genetic behavior of Oenothera, it has become a matter of special importance to study mutation in plant forms that are known to exhibit typical Mendelian phenomena. Two general views of heredity in Oenothera appear still to be possible; first, the one recently expressed by Shull (I9I3), that regular segregation and recombination of genetic factors are absent; second, that the irregularity is secondary, and due to complicating influences, especially to selective sterility. Perhaps the genus possesses peculiarities of chromosome structure and behavior which will be found to justify a view practically intermediate between the two just stated. It now seems very probable, whatever the fundamental reason, that other genera are to be classed with Oenothera as possessing certain genetic peculiarities. In Citrus, for instance, we find a similar tendency toward apparent mutation, which is very strikingly manifested by somatic tissues. Here, also, sterility seems to be common, as with the Washington navel orange, where it is complete in the anthers, and with the Satsuma mandarin, where very few of the pollen-grains are capable of germination. Probably the potato (or the genus Solanum?), with its apparent somatic mutation, its doubtfully regular genetic ratios, and its very general pollen-sterility, also belongs to this group. If Oenothera is thus typical of a group of genera, we may expect to 1 Paper No. 27, Citrus Experiment Station, College of Agriculture, University of California, Riverside, California.
On Unified Theories of Cognition: a response to the reviews

This is a tough one. Clearly, neither of us is Allen Newell, and there is no way that we can do the job he would have liked to have done in responding to these thought-provoking reviews of Unified Theories of Cognition (henceforth, UTC). However, it was very important to Allen-and is very important to us--that the work on Soar and unified theories of cognition carry on. So, here we will do what we can based on our combined understanding of Soar, cognitive science, Allen, and how he would have likely responded to the issues raised by these reviews. In this latter, we have been greatly aided by a prepublication print of [ 12] that was graciously provided to us by the editors of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, and by Newell's follow-on paper to UTC [13]. In general, we will try to be clear about when we are conveying how we think Allen would have responded, and when we are just giving our own views.
PU.1, interferon regulatory factor 1, and interferon consensus sequence-binding protein cooperate to increase gp91(phox) expression.

gp91phox is a subunit of the phagocyte respiratory burst oxidase catalytic unit. Transcription ofCYBB, the gene encoding gp91phox, is restricted to terminally differentiated phagocytic cells. An element in the proximalCYBB promoter binds a protein complex, referred to as hematopoiesis-associated factor (HAF1), that is necessary for interferon-γ (IFNγ)-induced gp91phox expression. In these investigations, we determined that HAF1 was a multiprotein complex, cross-immunoreactive with the transcription factors PU.1, interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1), and interferon consensus sequence-binding protein (ICSBP). In electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the HAF1 complex was reconstituted by either in vitro translated PU.1 with IRF-1 or PU.1 with ICSBP, but not by IRF-1 with ICSBP. HAF1a, a slower mobility complex with the same binding site specificity as HAF1, was also investigated. Similar to the HAF1 complex, the HAF1a complex was cross-immunoreactive with PU.1, IRF-1, and ICSBP. Unlike the HAF1 complex, reconstitution of the HAF1a complex required in vitro translated PU.1 with both IRF-1 and ICSBP. An artificial promoter construct containing the HAF1/HAF1a binding site was modestly activated in the myelomonocytic cell line U937 by co-transfection either with PU.1 and IRF-1 or with PU.1 and ICSBP, but it was strongly activated by co-transfection with PU.1, IRF-1, and ICSBP. This activation required serine 148-phosphorylated PU.1. These studies describe a novel mechanism for PU.1 transcriptional activation via interaction with both IRF-1 and ICSBP, a target gene for the interaction of IRF-1 with ICSBP, and a novel activation function for ICSBP as a component of a multiprotein complex.
Use of the Trust in Physician Scale in patients with rheumatic disease: psychometric properties and correlates of trust in the rheumatologist.

Objectives To assess the psychometric properties of the Trust in Physician Scale and to identify variables associated with patients' trust in their rheumatologist. Methods Analyses of self reported data from 713 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or fibromyalgia. Study variables included the Trust in Physician Scale, a decision-making question, a medical skepticism measure, and demographic and health-related measures. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed using correlational analyses and factor analysis. A regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with trust in the rheumatologist. Results Internal consistency of the scale was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87). Scale items also loaded on a single factor. Construct validity was supported by inverse correlations between higher trust scores and both skepticism and independent decision making. Decreased trust was associated with older age, minority status, higher education, diagnosis of fibromyalgia or osteoarthritis, and poorer health. Conclusion The Trust in Physician Scale is appropriate for patients with rheumatic disease. Several patient characteristics appear to be associated with lower trust in the rheumatologist.
An autopodial-like pattern of Hox expression in the fins of a basal actinopterygian fish

Comparative analyses of Hox gene expression and regulation in teleost fish and tetrapods support the long-entrenched notion that the distal region of tetrapod limbs, containing the wrist, ankle and digits, is an evolutionary novelty. Data from fossils support the notion that the unique features of tetrapod limbs were assembled over evolutionary time in the paired fins of fish. The challenge in linking developmental and palaeontological approaches has been that developmental data for fins and limbs compare only highly derived teleosts and tetrapods; what is lacking are data from extant taxa that retain greater portions of the fin skeletal morphology considered primitive to all bony fish. Here, we report on the expression and function of genes implicated in the origin of the autopod in a basal actinopterygian, Polyodon spathula. Polyodon exhibits a late-phase, inverted collinear expression of 5' HoxD genes, a pattern of expression long considered a developmental hallmark of the autopod and shown in tetrapods to be controlled by a 'digit enhancer' region. These data show that aspects of the development of the autopod are primitive to tetrapods and that the origin of digits entailed the redeployment of ancient patterns of gene activity.
Hypersensitivity Reactions Associated with Platinum Antineoplastic Agents: A Systematic Review

Platinum-containing chemotherapy agents (cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin) have been approved in the first-line setting of numerous malignancies, such as ovarian, bladder, head and neck, colorectal, and lung cancer. Their extensive use over the last decade has led to a significant increase in the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions, which are defined as unforeseen reactions whose signs and symptoms cannot be explained by the known toxicity of these drugs. Skin rash, flushing, abdominal cramping, itchy palms, and back pain are common symptoms. Cardiovascular and respiratory complications can prove fatal. Multiple pathogenetic mechanisms have been suggested. Hypersensitivity usually appears after multiple infusions, suggesting type I allergic reactions; however, other types of hypersensitivity also seem to be implicated. Several management options are available to treating physicians: discontinuation of chemotherapy, premedication, prolonging of infusion duration, desensitization protocols, and replacement with a different platinum compound after performing skin tests that rule out cross-reactions among platinum agents.
Characterizing The Equilibrium Blinking Behavior Of Fluorogens With Fluorogen Activating Proteins (FAPs)

We have recently developed FAPs (fluorogen activating proteins) that can specifically activate the fluorogenic dyes thiazole orange (TO) and malachite green (MG) with nanomolar affinities. Upon binding to FAPs, the otherwise dark fluorogens display thousands of fold increase in fluorescence intensity. The reversible interaction between the fluorogen and the FAP allows the same FAP to bind and activate fresh fluorogens in solution after one fluorogen dissociates from the FAP. Therefore, the binding and unbinding reactions lead to on-and-off (blinking) fluorescent signals at the single molecule level. As a result, this FAP-fluorogen system is ideal for generating a renewable, photostable signal and providing high photon flux. Since the localization accuracy is in principle limited by the number of photons collected from fluorescent probes, our module holds great promise for achieving super-resolution imaging (See abstract by Lidke, K.A. et al.). In this study, we characterize the blinking behavior of FAP-fluorogen pairs at equilibrium. We show that the on-time is highly dependent on the excitation power density and the off-time is controlled by the free dye concentration and therefore, is limited by diffusion. By adjusting the dye concentration in solution and the intensity of incident power, the on and off rates of the binding reaction are controllable and could be optimized to resolve the objects in time and space. Clones of the FAP with point mutations show different blinking behaviors, which suggests that these amino-acid residues could play an important role in FAP-fluorogen binding and indicates that structural differences of the FAP at the binding interface can change the photochemical and photophysical properties of fluorogen.
Dephosphorylation of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein after induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition.

Abstract In the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), MPT pores open to cause the mitochondrial inner membrane to become non-selectively permeable to molecules of mass up to 1500 Da. In this study, we used proteomics to investigate protein changes after MPT induction. Isolated rat liver mitochondria were incubated with various MPT inducers, including CaCl2, tert-butylhydroperoxide, and phenylarsine oxide, in the presence and absence of the MPT inhibitor, cyclosporin A. MPT induction was confirmed by an absorbance swelling assay. Mitochondrial membrane proteins prepared from control and treated mitochondria were separated by two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and stained with SyproRuby or Coomassie blue. Proteins of interest were further identified by mass spectrometry. 2D gel electrophoresis by isoelectric focusing and SDS–PAGE consistently showed a protein spot that shifted to a more basic isoelectric point after the MPT. This shift was prevented by CsA but did not occur after protonophoric uncoupling. Mass spectrometry identified this protein as the Rieske iron–sulfur protein (RISP) of ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase (Complex III). Phosphatase treatment of sonicated mitochondria caused the same shift in RISP as occurred in MPT inducer-treated mitochondria. 2D gel electrophoresis by blue-native-PAGE and SDS–PAGE showed that RISP existed as an apparent monomer in mitochondrial membranes in addition to forming a complex with ubiquinol–cytochrome c reductase. These findings suggest that RISP may be part of MPT pores and that dephosphorylation of RISP may play a role in regulation of the MPT.
Molecular interactions in poly(methacrylic acid)/poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) interpenetrating polymer networks

The molecular interactions between the component networks in poly(methacrylic acid)/poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PMAA/PNIPAAm) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were investigated using attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy. Hydrogen-bond formation was noted between the carboxyl groups of PMAA and the amide groups of PNIPAAm. The ATR-FTIR results showed shifts in the carboxylic and amide groups, indicating the existence of hydrogen bonding between these two individual networks within the IPNs. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1077–1082, 2001
Preference of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, for plants grown in sewage sludges.

Since passage of the Clean Water Act in the 1970s, disposal of the millions of tonnes of sewage sludge generated annually has become a major concern of municipalities throughout the United States. With the range of other disposal options having narrowed in recent years, application of sludge to land is increasingly viewed as a practical and economical means to recycle this waste material. However, sludges from large cities with industries may be contaminated with various toxic chemicals, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), other organic chemicals, such as pesticides, and heavy metals. Sludge application to land thus has the potential adversely to affect biota and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. The authors previously demonstrated marked reductions in fecundity and survival of green peach aphids, Myzus persicae, on collard plants, Brassica oleracea var. sabellica, growing in soil treated with chemically contaminated sludge as compared to aphids on plants growing either in soil treated with uncontaminated sludge of soil conventionally fertilized. Reduced plant growth and increased restlessness in aphids in the contaminated sludge treatment were also observed. The purpose of the present study was to examine more closely the influence of sludge contaminants on aphid settling behavior as indicated by differential preference of M.more » persicae for leaves of its collard host grown under different soil conditions.« less
Fruiting and lint yield of cotton cultivars under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions

Abstract Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the United States often is located in semi-arid, nonirrigated regions where poorly distributed or insufficient rainfall limits yields. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate six cotton cultivars for flower and boll production, lint yield, and earliness under nonirrigated (dryland) and irrigated treatments, and to determine the effect of water stress on the measured traits. In addition, two commercially available cultivars, which represented the near-extreme range for lint production in the nonirrigated treatment were evaluated for water use efficiency (WUE) in a greenhouse experiment. Cultivars included in the studies were: ‘Tamcot CD3H’ (CD3H), ‘Tamcot SP37H’ (SP37H), TX-CABUCS-2-1-83 (CABUCS), TX-MACAOS-3-84 (MACAOS), ‘Deltapine 41’ (DPL41), and ‘Paymaster 303’ (PAY303). Cultivars differed significantly for flower and boll production, lint yield, and earliness in crop maturity. CD3H and CABUCS produced significantly greater nonirrigated lint yields (290 and 276 kg ha −1 , respectively) compared to SP37H, MACAOS, and PAY303 (211, 206, and 196 kg ha −1 , respectively). Nonirrigated yield results indicated differences between CABUCS and CD3H compared to PAY303 could be related to the lack of flower production by PAY303 under soil water deficits, as well as possible escape mechanisms associated with earliness in crop maturity. Average lint yield under irrigation was 310% greater than nonirrigated yield. A greenhouse experiment indicated that CD3H, a relatively drought-tolerant cultivar, had a greater WUE in the nonstress treatment than PAY303, a drought susceptible cultivar. Results demonstrated that genetic variability exists among currently available cotton germplasm sources for flower and boll production, lint yield, earliness and water use efficiency. Among cultivars evaluated in this study, flowering potential appeared to have a major role in drought tolerance. Identification of germplasm with increased drought tolerance could provide breeders with valuable genetic traits and mechanisms for increasing lint yield in areas subject to soil water deficits.
New families of combinators for efficient list manipulation

Abstract In most contemporary functional programming languages, the list data type is one of the primary compound data domains provided to the programmer. Lists are appropriate for a large class of problems; however, the lack of arraylike operators (e.g., index) makes lists an inefficient way to represent direct-access data structures. Although these types of operators can be added to a programming language without disturbing the desirable properties of the language (e.g., referential transparency), these features will most likely then be translated into machine-level constructs that still do not process lists in an efficient manner. In this article, we focus on improving the list-processing capabilities of a functional language that is implemented by a combinator-based graph reduction architecture. We introduce new families of combinators that express certain commonly occurring combinations of lists or elements of lists as functions of those lists or elements of lists. A reduction rule (defined for each family) states that when a combinator is applied to a list with a finite series of elements, the resulting combination reduces to a certain combination of the list elements. An efficient implementation of these combinators demands a list representation that is different from the conventional recursively defined list structure. For comparison purposes, however, the reduction semantics of the new combinators will be represented as reductions of equivalent strings of already known combinators.
Some design considerations for low voltage contacts

Abstract The relationship between wear and contact resistance on low voltage contacts is discussed in terms of design parameters such as load, geometry, materials and lubricants. A summary of practical design criteria for insuring that resistance requirements will be satisfied is presented, as well as some data on low voltage contacts operating under “dirty” conditions. In addition, an engineering model for wear, in which wear is related to stress, is applied in discussing the wear problem associated with a low voltage contact.
Verdinized fecal pellets as indicators of prodelta and delta-front deposits in the Nile delta, Egypt

Abstract Green and yellow peloids, interpreted as verdinized fecal pellets, and a few interpreted as glauconitized fecal pellets, are concentrated in marine lithofacies of Holocene age in cores of the northeastern Nile delta. These pellets occur primarily in mud-rich prodelta and delta-front deposits. Mineralogically and chemically they are closely comparable to pellets observed in upper Holocene to modern delta-front deposits seaward of the Rosetta branch of the Nile. The modern delta-front in this region is shallow and influenced by bottom currents and burrowing organisms. The formation of the pellets suggests a marine setting typified by large fluxes of freshwater and terrestrial organic matter and high rates of sediment accumulation. In view of their distinct distribution in time and space, it is proposed that these grains serve as valuable indicators of specific depositional environments and can be used to more precisely interpret and correlate subsurface sequences in the Nile delta.