cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Evidence-to-Practice Review on the Efficacy of Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization

Instrument assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is the use of specially designed instruments that provide a mobilizing effect to soft tissue to help with decreasing pain and improving range of motion. Over the years, IASTM has been increasing in its use and has been more well researched for its effects on soft-tissue injuries, range of motion (ROM), and pain management, although, the results have not been entirely supportive. Evidence for the positive outcomes from the use of IASTM, in conjunction with therapeutic exercise or other interventions, has been lacking in many studies, and as a result, clinicians question its effectiveness. The purpose of the evidence to practice review was to summarize the results of the systematic review and apply it to clinical practice. The authors of the guiding systematic review aimed to investigate the current state of available literature on the topic of IASTM, specifically using studies that compared IASTM pre & post-treatment and compared the IASTM group to other intervention or control groups. Seven total studies were included in the final review, and of the those, five focused on IASTM treatment for musculoskeletal pain and two focused on IASTM treatment for joint ROM. Each study varied in methodology, interventions, treatment times, and outcome measures and, therefore, the systematic review was unable to make a direct comparison between all studies and results were deemed inconclusive. In conclusion, using IASTM as a stand-alone treatment is not recommended in any case, but in the event the treatment is not contraindicated and the clinician is inclined to use the treatment for physiological improvement, then implementation and use of IASTM is not unreasonable and could potentially benefit the patient.
Consenting Under Stress

This article highlights a disturbing gap between what is currently known about stress across a range of disciplines and the way stress is treated at law. It does so by focusing on parties who seek relief from harmful contracts, on the grounds that they consented under stress. The article first exposes the leading legal view that stress is merely a subjective feeling and therefore merits no legal recognition. It then provides a pragmatic synthesis of the rich study of stress, in order to counter that misguided legal presumption and to offer a better understanding of the physical, social and psychological dimensions of stress. Exploring both scientifically accepted causes of stress (stressors) and its known outcomes, the article offers a new framing of stress and a set of analytic tools that allow better legal access to the problem. It argues that legal actors can and should use the non-legal scientific understanding of stress to evaluate the arguments of those who claim to have consented to an unwanted contract while under stress. The article concludes that informed evaluation of stress arguments is not only pragmatically necessary, but also conceptually required for any legal system that, like contract law, relies on the power of choice and consent.
Effect of Mechanical Circulatory Support on Exercise Hemodynamics among Individuals with Advanced Heart Failure

Purpose The primary objective of this study was to determine why exercise capacity is limited among HF patients following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Methods Thirteen HF patients (N=11 males; 59±10 yrs) completed invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on upright cycle ergometry pre- and post-LVAD implantation on three visits: Visit 1: Pre-LVAD baseline testing; Visit 2: Post-LVAD testing with pump speed held at baseline; Visit 3: Post-LVAD testing with stepwise increases in pump speed (Heartware=40RPM/min; Heartmate 3=100RPM/min). On all visits, cardiac hemodynamics and gas-exchange parameters were monitored by Swan-Ganz catheter and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Results Cohort characteristics are displayed in Table 1. Compared to Visit 1, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2Max) did not improve and was severely reduced on Visits 2 and 3 (Figure 2). Cardiac hemodynamics increased significantly with exercise on Visits 2-3 and were similar to values obtained from Visit 1. Cardiac output reserve was severely blunted on all visits and did not improve despite pump speed increases on Visit 3. Ventilatory efficiency improved modestly but remained impaired on Visits 2 and 3, compared to Visit 1 (Visits 1, 2, and 3: 47±13 v. 43±11 v. 39±7, respectively, ANOVA P=0.0047). Conclusion VO2Max among LVAD patients is limited by severe increases in pulmonary arterial and left-sided filling pressures, and blunted cardiac output reserve. Pump speed modulations during exercise do not improve exercise performance. LVAD patients exhibit signs of residual and severe heart failure with exercise.
Spatiotemporal G-code modeling for secure FDM-based 3D printing

3D printing constructs physical objects by building and stacking layers according to the CAD (Computer-aided Design) information. Attackers target a printing object by manipulating the printing parameters such as nozzle movement and temperature. The existing research on secure 3D printing mostly focuses on nozzle-kinetics, while attacks on filament-kinetics and thermodynamics can also damage the printed object. The detection of these attacks mainly relies on creating master-profile and machine learning by printing every unique object in a protected environment. In the fourth industrial revolution, such an approach is not suitable due to mass-customization rather than bulk production. This paper presents Sophos, a framework to detect nozzle-kinetic, filament-kinetic and thermodynamic attacks on the fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing process. Sophos design does not require any prior learning for every unique object. It can detect the attacks on the first print using spatiotemporal G-code modeling, aligning it with the Industry 4.0 vision. Sophos is scalable and supports modular upgrades to suit different printing requirements. Its design allows the detection threshold to be reduced conveniently to as low as the 3D printer's resolution, shifting the game to a more interesting study of attack patterns than attack magnitudes.
A Primer on State and Local Tax Policy: Trade-Offs Among Tax Instruments

This primer provides an overview of the different types of general revenue taxes used in American state and local governments. The intended audience includes policy makers, their advisors, and other citizens interested in the trade-offs involved in setting tax policy. The primer begins with a short discussion of criteria for evaluating tax revenue options (i.e., economic efficiency, equity, transparency, collectability, and revenue production). It proceeds to an overview of the different types of taxes employed at various levels of government and an evaluation of each tax against these criteria. The tax categories included here are individual income taxes, consumption taxes, real property taxes, and corporate income taxes.
A Novel Vertically Oscillating Hydrokinetic Energy Harvester

This paper presents the results of a multifaceted study of the behavior of a novel hydrokinetic energy harvester that utilizes vertical oscillations. Unlike traditional rotating turbines used in hydrokinetic energy, this particular device utilizes the fluid structure interactions of vortex-induced-vibration and gallop. Due to the unique characteristics of this vertical motion, a thorough examination of the proposed system was conducted via a three-pronged approach of simulation, emulation, and field testing. Using a permanent magnet synchronous generator as the electrical power generation source, an electrical power conversion system was simulated, emulated, and tested to achieve appropriate power smoothing for use in microgrid systems present in many Alaskan rural locations.
Replacing CPS: Issues in Building an Alternative System

There is now widespread agreement that the child protection system in all states needs major reform, There is consensus that current policies and services regarding maltreatment are not meeting the needs of many children. Given the failures of past reform efforts, there is a movement for substantially limiting the jurisdiction of CPS. Some commentators call for abolishing CPS entirely, which is seen as reflecting racial bias at its core, harming the children it seeks to help, undermining poor communities, and functioning in negative ways that are not amenable to reform. In this article, I examine the outcomes that should be the focus of government policies regarding child well-being. I then look at the proper role for CPS systems in achieving these outcomes, arguing that CPS intervention should be limited to situations involving parental behaviors that cause or threaten severe harm and may be repeated. These constitute less than twenty percent of the cases now seen by CPS; CPS should not be involved in at least 80 percent of the situations currently investigated by CPS agencies. Reducing the role of CPS should not, however, reduce efforts to help families where the parents are unable to provide the types of parenting needed to protect and promote the basic emotional and social development of children The article proposes a new system for helping parents and protecting children in most of the situations now referred to CPS. However, implementing alternative approaches is very challenging. The article examines a range of issues that must be addressed in designing a new system.
Feedback Control of Position and Contact Force for a Two-Dimensional Mechanism Constrained to a Given Planar Contour

The planar motion of a two dimensional mechanism is constained so that one point on the mechanism moves along a specified contour; it is assumed that the motion of the mechanism is controlled by planar forces applied to the mechanism. These control forces are to be adjusted according to a linear control law, based on feedback of the positions and velocities of the mechanism and feedback of the contact force between the mechanism and the constraining contour. The control objective is to achieve accurate and robust regulation of the motion of the mechanism and of the contact force. For each of two specific regulation objectives, a linear control law is derived and the resulting closed loop resonses are characterized. Derivation of a suitable control law is significantly complicated by the nonclassical nature of the differential-algebraic model of the constrained system; the control design methodology is facilitated by use of certain nonlinear transformations that are explicitly exhibited. A comparison is made with a closed loop system, where the control law is derived by designing independent control loops for each degree of freedom, ignoring the coupling that occurs through the contact force. Computer simulations are presented to demonstrate the several closed loop properties.
Low-Rank Update Eigensolver for Supercell Band Structure Calculations

In photonic or electronic and sonic band structure calculations, one often needs to solve the same eigenvalue problem many times for different sets of parameters. Often only a relatively small part of the matrix varies with these parameter changes. We have recently developed a method where, after the eigenvalue problem is solved once, the remaining cases could be computed much faster (150 times in a typical calculation). Prototype calculations using 2D photonic band structures as examples have verified this concept.
The Marine Sanctuaries Program

The federal marine sanctuaries program was established in 1972 by Title III1 of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA), which primarily established the regulatory program for ocean dumping administered by EPA.2 Title III (“the Marine Sanctuaries Act”) was not originally present in the earlier forms of the MPRSA that were pending in the House of Representatves, although several marine sanctuary bills had been before both houses on various occasions, and it was never before a Senate Committee, having been added only in conference.3 Even in the House, committee hearings were never held on Title III.4 In both houses, objections were raised to the proposed legislation on the floor, on the grounds that it created statutory authority that overlapped that of the Department of the Interior under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) and that it would lead to administrative conflicts on the administration of OCS areas for oil and gas development.5 Objections were also raised concerning international questions raised by the bill, since it applied to marine areas, outside the territorial sea, overlying the OCS of the United States;6 management authority over most of the living marine resources of such areas was not actually asserted by the United States until 1976, with passage of the FCMA. In response to the latter objections, a clause was added to the bill stipulating that its provisions would be applied to foreign nationals only in accordance with recognized principles of international law.7 Title III was opposed by the Nixon administration on both these grounds.8
A method for automating text markup

Markup languages based on XML are increasingly popular, and languages for other formats such as RDF are under active development. One of the problems involved in converting legacy documents to use XML or other markup formats is the insertion of tags into the document and the consequent rearrangement of text required when markup is added to an existing, un-marked-up document. This paper describes a method for automating part of the process of marking up such legacy documents. The approach is designed for semi-structured text documents, for example, technical documentation and narrative descriptions.
Observations of O2, H2O and HD in Planetary Atmospheres

We have searched for molecular lines in planetary atmospheres using the PEPSIOS spectrometer with an instrumental width about equal to that of the expected absorption line, and in the case of Jupiter, with the additional feature of Doppler compensation over the planetary disc.
Pseudospark discharge-based extreme-ultraviolet radiation source

This paper presents a study of the pseudospark and the optically triggered pseudospark (BLT) discharge devices as extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) radiation sources. Gas discharge-based EUV sources have potential as compact, robust, and less expensive alternatives, as compared with synchrotron sources and laser-produced plasmas. EUV emission within the 11-17 nm wavelength range is produced by a xenon pseudospark discharge plasma. The plasma was generated in a cylindrical-hollow-electrode geometry with a 3 mm diameter central through hole. The anode and the cathode were separated by a gap distance of 5 mm using a 44 mm o.d. pyrex glass envelope. A Si/Zr filter-coated photodiode was used to observe the EUV emission from the hollow anode side of the self-ignited plasma. UV light, generated from a xenon flash lamp, was incident on the back surface of the hollow cathode as an optical trigger for the pseudospark discharge
A Spatial-Bayesian Technique for Imputing Pavement Network Repair Data

This article describes how pavement construction and repair history is necessary for several pavement management functions such as developing pavement condition prediction models and developing maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) trigger values that are based on past repair frequencies. The article describes how it is often difficult to integrate M&R data with condition data since these data are often stored in disparate heterogeneous databases. The article provides a computational technique for estimating construction and M&R history of a pavement network from the spatiotemporal patterns of its condition data. The technique is founded on Bayesian and spatial statistics and searches pavement condition data in groups of adjacent pavement sections for evidence of repair. The technique developed in this article was applied to a pavement network in Texas and has been found to have a 74% precision and a 95% accuracy in estimating repair history data.
Normal electrophysiological and behavioral responses to ethanol in mice lacking the long splice variant of the γ2 subunit of the γ-aminobutyrate type A receptor

Abstract The γ subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA-R) is essential for bestowing both normal single channel conductance and sensitivity to benzodiazepines on native GABAA-Rs. The long splice variant of the γ2 subunit (γ2L) has been postulated to be essential in mediating the modulatory actions of ethanol at the GABAA-R. In order to evaluate this hypothesis, gene targeting was used to delete the 24bp exon which distinguishes γ2L from the short splice variant (γ2S). Mice homozygous for this exon deletion (γ2L−/−) are viable and indistinguishable from wild-type (γ2L+/+) mice. No γ2L mRNA was detected in these mice, nor could γ2L-containing GABAA-R protein be detected by specific antibodies. Radioligand binding studies showed the total amount of γ2 subunit protein to be not significantly changed, suggesting that γ2S replaces γ2L in the brains of the knockout animals. Electrophysiological recordings from dorsal root ganglion neurons revealed a normal complement of functional receptors. There was no difference in the potentiation of GABA currents by ethanol (20–200 mM) observed in neurons from γ2L+/+or γ2L−/− mice. Several behavioral effects of ethanol, such as sleep time, anxiolysis, acute functional tolerance, chronic withdrawal hyperexcitability and hyperlocomotor activity were also unaffected by genotype. It is concluded that γ2L is not required for ethanol’s modulatory action at the GABAA-R or whole animal behavioral effects.
Thermoelectric cooling of shape memory alloy actuators: theoretical modeling and experiment

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are characterized by a unique solid-solid phase transition during which significant strains are observable. On reversal of this phase transition, the strains also are almost completely recoverable. When properly constrained, a shape memory alloy is capable of producing large actuation forces. The frequency of actuation, however, depends on the heat transfer mechanism employed. Here, we undertake a theoretical study of a heat removal approach using semiconductors. These solid state elements employ the thermoelectric Peltier Effect for cooling or heating of the SMA. Compared to free or forced convection cooling mechanisms, cooling by the Peltier Effect is significantly faster. The phase transition is accompanied by a significant exchange of latent heat, and it is seen that the time period for a complete thermal cycle with the phase transition almost doubles as opposed to one without a phase transition. Partial phase transformation results in a lower period of cycling: 25% of transformation translates to the time period being 30% of the one with full transformation. AS a first step in the design of the actuator, a thermoelectric module is assembled in the laboratory for cooling/heating the SMA. Transient temperature profiles are recorded for the heating and cooling runs for two different materials--copper and SMA (with or without the phase transformation). These recorded profiles are then compared with the predictions from the model; the agreement is reasonable, particularly during the cooling process.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Stemness enhancement of human neural stem cells following bone marrow MSC coculture

Rapid loss of stemness capacity in purified prototype neural stem cells (NSCs) remains a serious challenge to basic and clinical studies aiming to repair the central nervous system. Based on the es...
A Chorionic Gonadotropin-Secreting Human Pituitary Cell*

Recent data from our laboratory show that hCG is secreted in a pulsatile manner in parallel with human LH (hLH) in nonpregnant normal humans. Furthermore, GnRH stimulates hCG and hLH release. Using a monoclonal antibody specific for the β-chain of hCG and not reacting with hLH, we have identified a heretofore unknown cell type in human pituitaries which stains only for hCG. The light microscopic, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural features are described. These data coupled to those from multiple earlier studies indicate that hCG is secreted by these cells in normal nonpregnant humans. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72: 747–754, 1991)
Effects of methanol-modified mobile phase on the separation of isotopically substituted compounds by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Near-baseline resolution of dansylated methylamine and dansylated methyld3-amine can be achieved by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) utilizing a 25-mM sodium dodecylsulfate pseudostationary phase and a mobile phase containing 4.9 M methanol. This study examines the role of methanol on this separa- tion by looking at its effects on to, tr,tm, and resolution over four methanol concentrations, 0 M, 2.5 M, 4.9 M, and 7.4 M. The 4.9 M methanol buffer proves to be the best for optimizing the resolution of these two extremely similar compounds. Because of the high organic content of the mobile phase, it is unreliable to determine tm based upon the migration time of a single species. A method for determining tm based upon a homologous series of standards is presented and examined over the four methanol concentrations. Plots of log k′ versus carbon number yield straight lines with similar slopes for each of the four buffer systems, indicating that this procedure is a good method for tm determination.
Recent advances in genome mining of secondary metabolites in Aspergillus terreus

Filamentous fungi are rich resources of secondary metabolites (SMs) with a variety of interesting biological activities. Recent advances in genome sequencing and techniques in genetic manipulation have enabled researchers to study the biosynthetic genes of these SMs. Aspergillus terreus is the well-known producer of lovastatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug. This fungus also produces other SMs, including acetylaranotin, butyrolactones and territram, with interesting bioactivities. This review will cover recent progress in genome mining of SMs identified in this fungus. The identification and characterization of the gene cluster for these SMs, as well as the proposed biosynthetic pathways, will be discussed in depth.
Recurrent status epilepticus as the primary neurological manifestation of CADASIL: A case report

This case illustrates the potential for nonconvulsive SE to be the sole manifestation of CADASIL. With the appropriate brain MRI findings, CADASIL should be added to the list of rare causes of SE.
Seasonal Life History Adaptations of a Neotropical Corn Borer, Diatraea Grandiosella

The southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, has expanded its range during this century so that it is now distributed between about 18 and 38°N latitude in Mexico and the United States. The species survives from year to year by entering a facultative larval diapause, and over most of its range it is bivoltine or trivoltine. Fully grown pre-diapausing larvae prepare an overwintering cell in the stalk crown of their host plant, typically maize, and then ecdyse from a spotted to a pigment-free morph at the onset of diapause. Southwestern corn borers originally obtained from southcentral Mexico (19°N latitude) and the United States (33-38°N latitude) were reared on an artificial diet under standardized conditions to compare several of their life history traits. Information is presented about voltinism, photoperiodic responses, growth and reproduction, larval behaviour and ecdyses, and the diapause-associated protein in an attempt to evaluate characteristics that have enabled the species to disperse from a tropical to a temperate region.
Relative intake of saccharin drinking schedule

Previous data indicated that saccharin-naive rats drink more water than saccharin when thirsty. To illuminate the role of inexperience in this effect, was deprived rats were permitted 90min excess to saccharin and water daily. Initiation, water intake equalled or exceeded saccharin intake, depending on the concentration. Subsequently, saccharin intake exceeded water intake, suggesting Ss may have adapted to an “unpalatable” component of saccharin.
Electron spin resonance, hematological, and deformability studies of erythrocytes from patients with Huntington's disease.

Abstract Electron spin resonance, hematologic, and deformability studies of erythrocytes from patients with Huntington's disease have been performed. A decreased deformability of Huntington's disease erythrocytes compared to normal controls was demonstrated. No difference in erythrocyte hematologic indices, osmotic fragility, reticulocyte counts, or intracellular Na + concentration was found. Huntington's disease serum had no demonstrable effect on electron spin resonance parameters of a protein-specific spin label attached to membrane proteins in control erythrocytes compared to the effect of control serum. This finding suggests that under the conditions employed no serum component or circulating factor is responsible for the changes in the physical state of membrane proteins in Huntington's disease erythrocytes (Butterfield, D.A., Oeswein, J.Q. and Markesbery, W.R. (1977) Nature 267, 453–455). No alteration in lipid fluidity of Huntington's disease erythrocyte membranes could be discerned suggesting that the underlying molecular defect in Huntington's disease involves a membrane protein. The results of the present studies on erythrocytes strongly support the concept that Huntington's disease is associated with a generalized membrane abnormality.
DESIGN OF ENERGY HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY: FEASIBILITY FOR LOW- POWER WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

In designing for a system’s lifecycle considerations, longterm energy needs often become an important limiting factor. Shifting from conventional energy sources (e.g. fossil fuels) toward renewable sources (e.g. wind and solar) has become a popular means for focusing on the lifecycle of large-scale systems like automobiles and the national electrical grid. This same shift in small, low-power systems such as sensors has the additional advantage of potentially increasing the operational life of the systems. This paper introduces a methodology for determining the feasibility of in situ energy harvesting as a viable power source for a given low-power system. The method is demonstrated by considering a wireless sensor node and the specific application of monitoring the fatigue life of highway bridges, with a target operational life of ten years for the sensor node. Peak and average power requirements for wireless sensor nodes are calculated and compared to the power density available from solar, wind, and vibration energy. Energy storage is also discussed, including both disposable batteries (as the status quo with which to compare energy harvesting) and rechargeable systems (as a necessary component of the energy harvesting system). Solar, wind, and vibration energy are all found to be feasible sources of power for this particular application. Vibration harvesting has lower power density than solar and wind harvesting, but has the advantage of being less dependent on location, more self-contained, and largely maintenance free. Energy harvesting in general only becomes attractive for projected life cycles exceeding the life of disposable batteries, which for this particular application is estimated at 4-6 years. Thus, energy harvesting is an excellent way to extend the lifespan of low-power systems where power availability is the limiting factor.
Phase Diagram of a 3-Component Lipid Mixture Containing a Polyunsaturated Phosphatidylcholine

Polyunsaturated acyl chains have special influences on the mixing and phase behaviors of lipid mixtures. Their high degree of unsaturation affects the physical properties of biomembranes in ways that are still not fully understood, and their high concentration in some membranes makes them key players in membrane structure. We are investigating the 3-component phase diagram for the biologically relevant mixture of brain-SM/ 18:0-22:6 PC/ cholesterol. Fluorescence microscopy imaging of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) was employed for phase boundary visualization and phase identification of the 3-component mixture. Fluorescent lipid probes having complementary partitioning behavior are used in FRET measurements to enable more quantitative analysis. Of particular interest is the region of Lo + Lα phase coexistence, which shows macroscopic phase separation.
Sex Pheromone of the Mirid Bug Phytocoris relativus

The sex attractant pheromone produced by adult females of the mirid bug Phytocoris retativus has been identified as a 2:1 blend of hexyl acetate with (E)-2-octenyl butyrate. The pheromone is stage-, sex-, and species-specific, attracting only adult male P. relativus. Hexyl acetate was identified in aeration extracts from both sexes, while (E)-2-octenyl butyrate was produced only by females. Both males and females also produced hexyl butyrate and octyl acetate, while only females produced (E)-2-hexenyl and octenyl acetates, and (Z)-3-octenyl acetate. The function(s) of these chemicals were not determined. Attraction of males increased with dose, with doses of 0.1 to 33 mg loaded on grey rubber septa. Attractiveness of rubber septum lures decreased quickly with age due to the volatility of the two pheromone components.
“New discovery. or ancient truth”: Arthur Schnitzler's Fink und Fliederbusch

It has been generally assumed that Schnitzler's Fink und Fliederbusch is a satire of journalism and politics. Its specific theme, however, takes its cue from the speech in Act 1 in which Kajetan celebrates the identity of opposites (the “Identitat der Gegensatze”). That is, the object of satire is not the day to day workings of press and politics but the lack of any informing principle behind their activities which, if taken to its logical conclusions, renders the very idea of principles irrelevant. This lack is most readily apparent in the title character, of course, as well as in Count Niederhof and in Styx; however, it is also clearly echoed in almost every other character as well. It is, in addition, evident almost everywhere in the play, from the basic premise of Fliederbusch's writing for both the liberal and the reactionary publications to the pairing off of erstwhile antagonists at the very end.
COMMUNITY COLLEGE TENURE: TEACH OR RESEARCH?

This paper explores the purpose of the doctoral degree, as a research degree, in the community college. A dilemma occurs when a research degree is required in a community college environment in which teaching is the primary mission. Where does the emphasis occur: teaching or researching and publishing? Further examination reveals a contradiction in the hiring process under the tenure requirements both in the university and in the community college. Tenure contains implicit contradictions when applied to the hiring process and the provision of academic freedom for the classroom teacher, whose role is secondary to research publication. Suggestions are made for equal value placed on development of classroom materials and instructional innovation as well as scholarly journal publications. An additional suggestion for a Director of Faculty and Staff Development is proffered to provide for tapping the research skills of the Ph.D.s already hired. Such a position would provide a creative outlet for the individual...
Memory for face locations: Emotional processing alters spatial abilities

Abstract The present study was designed to delineate further the female advantage in location memory by testing memory for faces that varied in their emotional expressions. A female advantage in face location was found, consistent with the implicit assumption that a female advantage in location memory is not dependent on the nature of the stimulus. However, exposure to threatening facial expressions abolished (in the instance of mental rotation) or reversed (in the instance of location memory) the characteristic sex differences in task performance. In both males and females, a brief exposure to sad facial expressions impaired subsequent performance on a targeting task. These findings suggest that sex differences in male and female spatial ability are not fixed or absolute but may be influenced by a sex-dimorphic affective system that is responsive to the immediate demands of a social context.
Trans-mucosal inert gas exchange constants for the monkey middle ear

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study was to estimate the exchange constants for Argon and N 2 across the middle ear mucosa of monkeys for use in mathematical models of middle ear pressure regulation. Methods: In five anesthetized monkeys, the tympanic membrane was perforated and, with the animal breathing room air, a 13-ml probe attached to an Argon gas source and to a pressure transducer was introduced into the ear canal and sealed. The probe and middle ear volume was washed with Argon and then closed to the gas source. Gas samples were withdrawn from the probe at 15-min intervals for composition analysis using an online mass spectrometer. Probe partial pressures of Argon and N 2 were regressed on time and the slopes of those functions were divided by the respective average partial pressure gradient for the interval to estimate the exchange constants. Results: The average trans-mucosal exchange constants for Argon and N 2 were 0.0007±0.0001 and 0.0003±0.0001/min, respectively. The average ratio of the two constants was 2.60±0.36 which is not different from the value of 2.3 predicted for perfusion limited gas exchange. Conclusion: These results confirm a very slow, perfusion limited trans-mucosal exchange of N 2 and other inert gases across the middle ear mucosa. They infer that the required frequency of Eustachian tube openings to prevent the development of middle ear effusion is low and on the order of one/day.
Infusional interleukin-2 and 5-fluorouracil with subcutaneous interferon-α for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Background: A Phase II trial was conducted to determine the response rate of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma to a three-drug combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-alpha). Methods: A 2-stage accrual plan was used that was designed to determine whether response to this regimen was consistent with a true response rate of ⩾30%. The regimen was comprised of 5 treatment days weekly for 4 weeks every 6 weeks. Each weekly treatment was comprised of 5-FU, 1750 mg/m 2 , continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion over 24 h followed by IL-2, 6 MIU/m 2 /day, continuous i.v. infusion for 4 days. IFN-alpha, 6 MU/m 2 , was given subcutaneously on Days 1, 2, and 5. Results: Thirty-eight patients were entered on study, 3 of whom were ineligible. Among the 35 eligible patients there were 3 confirmed partial responses (PR) and 1 complete response (CR), for an overall response rate of 11% (95% confidence interval, 3–27%). One patient considered as having a PR had minimal evidence of residual disease and was free from disease progression at >2.5 years of follow-up, as was the patient with CR. Three additional patients not qualified as having a PR were showing signs of response at the time they were removed from protocol, and another patient who was removed from protocol early for management of an infection subsequently responded to the same regimen off protocol. Thirteen patients were considered nonassessable (NASS) for response, many of whom had multiple poor risk features and were unable to complete 1 cycle of treatment. Conclusions: This multicenter study failed to confirm an advantageous overall response rate for this three-drug regimen. However, there were two durable responses and indications of responsiveness not scored as PRs among patients with more favorable risk factor patterns, and many poor risk NASS patients. For these reasons, the response rate reported in the current study may be a conservative reflection of the effectiveness of this regimen.
Impact of Race on Infrainguinal Angioplasty and Stenting

Background Over the last decade, catheter-based interventions on lower extremity arteries have been used with increasing frequency. However, the effect of racial background on the outcome of lower extremity endovascular interventions for peripheral arterial disease is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of patients’ race on the durability of angioplasty and stenting performed on the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. Methods The records of all patients undergoing percutaneous intervention on the lower extremity arteries during a 14-year period were reviewed. During a 44-month period (2003-2007), all patients underwent primary stenting as part of a prospective study protocol. Indication for intervention, TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus II classification, runoff anatomy, site of intervention, and the placement of stents were noted. Results were analyzed by race. Kaplan–Meier life survival curves were plotted and differences between groups tested by log-rank method. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to perform the multivariate analysis. Results Between 1994 and 2007, a total of 374 percutaneous interventions were performed on the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries in 280 patients. Of these, 182 procedures were angioplasties and 192 included both angioplasty and stenting. The study group consisted of 60% Caucasians, 23% Hispanics, 12% African Americans, and 5% Asians. No difference in primary patency rates was noted between individuals belonging to different races. However, in those undergoing angioplasty alone, Caucasians had the highest rate of failure, followed by Hispanics, African Americans, and then Asians (p Conclusions Race does not appear to influence the durability of catheter-based procedures performed on the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. However, in patients who underwent angioplasty alone, it was noted that Caucasians had the highest rates of failure and Asians the lowest. However, this difference was no longer apparent when stents were used.
Reproductive System Maturation and Changes in Flight Muscles of Female Pea Leaf Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Seasonal changes of reproductive maturation and changes in flight muscles in the female pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.), were determined by measuring monthly anatomical changes in the reproductive organs and dorsal longitudinal flight muscles of adults collected in northern Idaho. The female reproductive system matured gradually from July to March and rapidly to completion in April and May. Changes in the female dorsal longitudinal flight muscles closely paralleled the migrational behavior of S. lineatus , but did not appear to be directly related to reproductive maturation. There was no evidence of a reproductive diapause in this insect.
On the notion of effective length for single angle geometric axis flexure

Abstract The concept of effective length is frequently cast in terms of elastic Euler column buckling wherein boundary conditions other than the ideal pinned-pinned case are treated through the identification of length modification factors. A similar development is frequently employed in the analysis of laterally unsupported beams. The introduction of such length modification factors permit the classical elastic solutions to be extended, in an intuitive way, for use with members possessing other than ideal pinned-pinned boundary conditions. Since a design methodology based on such an effective length approach is predicated on the notion that global buckling effects are the critical influences under consideration, their application to single angle bending is called into question in the current paper. Equal leg single angle flexure, occurring in the plane of an angle leg, has been shown to result in highly localized failure modes at practical beam lengths. Such localized failure modes seem to imply that an application of effective length factors to this case of single angle flexure would be conceptually invalid. The present paper reports on results from detailed finite element modeling of equal leg single angles bent in the plane of a leg. These results indicate that effective length factors should not be applied to this case of flexure.
Simulating distributed computation in nervous systems

Both a point of view of the nervous system as a collection ofcomputation units and a method for digital computer simulation of such networks are discussed in this paper. Some arguments intending to show the advantages of layered parallel collections of cells which share the information entering the system are given. A simple example is used to clarify the simulation technique.
Hepatic disposition of parathion: Uptake by isolated hepatocytes and chromatographic translobular migration

Abstract Isolated rat hepatocytes suspended in Waymouth's medium absorbed parathion rapidly and reversibly until the intracellular parathion concentration reached more than 300 times the ambient concentration. The distribution quotient q, defined as the ratio of intra- and extracellular concentrations at equilibrium, decreased when horse serum was added to the medium. The high hepatocyte affinity and rapid uptake of parathion suggested that this compound might be almost completely absorbed by periportal hepatocytes in the perfused liver and migrate downstream chromatographically through the lobule. Parathion infusion experiments verified this prediction and showed that the migration rate is dependent on the q value. The chromatographic feature may be useful as a basis for nonhistological investigation of intralobular hepatocyte heterogeneity. The lobule may function as a reverse-phase chromatograph also for many other unionized xenobiotics. Implications of the findings in the hepatic disposition of xenobiotics in vivo are discussed.
Formal Organization, Ideological Structure, and Patterns of Communication among a Hospital Special Service Staff

(1961). Formal Organization, Ideological Structure, and Patterns of Communication among a Hospital Special Service Staff. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 249-253.
Correspondence of the Effect of Shear Stress Magnitude on Endothelial Cell Alignment and Heparan Sulfate Expression

The endothelial glycocalyx is believed to play a crucial role in many endothelial functions, including mechanotransduction [1,2], modulation of vascular permeability, and interaction with blood components [3]. A principal constituent of the glycocalyx, thought to sense shearing forces and convey this signal into the cell, is the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS). Previous in vitro studies have shown that batch removal of 60% of the heparan sulfate within the glycocalyx inhibits the steady shear-induced production of nitric oxide [4], cell alignment, cell migration, suppression of cell proliferation, and accumulation of vascular endothelial cadherin in cell-cell junctions [5].Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Development of Inhibitor-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (IDEPT) for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cause of cancer death among American men after lung cancer. Unfortunately, current therapies do not provide effective treatments for patients with advanced, metastatic, or hormone refractory disease. Therefore, we seek to generate therapeutic agents for a novel PCa treatment strategy by delivering a suicide enzyme (yCDtriple) to a cell membrane bound biomarker found on PCa cells (prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)). This approach has resulted in a new PCa treatment strategy reported here as inhibitor-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (IDEPT). The therapeutic agents described were generated using a click chemistry reaction between the unnatural amino acid (p-azidophenylalanine (pAzF)) incorporated into yCDtriple and the dibenzylcyclooctyne moiety of our PSMA targeting agent (DBCO-PEG4-AH2-TG97). After characterization of the therapeutic agents, we demonstrate significant PCa cell killing of PSMA-positive cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that this click chemistry approach can be used to efficiently couple a therapeutic protein to a targeting agent and may be applicable to the ablation of other types of cancers and/or malignancies.
Familial aggregation of blood-pressure in newly born infants and their mothers.

. Ibsen, K. K. and GronbAEk, M. (University Clinic of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital Fuglebakken, Copenhagen, Denmark). Familial aggregation of blood-pressure in newly born infants and their mothers. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 109, 1980.—The results of blood-pressure measurements in a group of 48 women and their newly born infants are reported. The systolic blood-pressure (SBP) was measured in the infants on the 2nd or 3rd day and on the 4th or 5th day after delivery. SBP in the infants was found to increase from the first measurement at the age of 2 or 3 days to the second measurement at the age of 4–5 days. No significant correlation was found between the SBP in the mothers and the recordings in the infants aged 2–3 days but highly significant correlation was found between the SBP in the infants at 4–5 days and both the SBP (r= 0.54, p < 0.001) and the diastolic blood-pressures (r= 0.37, p < 0.05) in the mothers. Familial aggregation of blood-pressure levels has thus been demonstrated in infants at an earlier age than previously reported
Short term feeding of a high fat diet exerts an additive effect on hepatocellular damage and steatosis in liver-specific PTEN knockout mice

Background Hepatospecific deletion of PTEN results in constitutive activation of Akt and increased lipogenesis. In mice, the addition of a high fat diet (HFD) downregulates lipogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a HFD on hepatocellular damage induced by deletion of PTEN. Methods 12 Week old male flox/flox hepatospecific PTEN mice (PTENf/f) or Alb-Cre controls were fed a HFD composed of 45% fat-derived calories (from corn oil) or a normal chow. Animals were then analyzed for hepatocellular damage, oxidative stress and expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism. Results In the Alb-Cre animals, the addition of a HFD resulted in a significant increase in liver triglycerides and altered REDOX capacity as evidenced by increased GPX activity, decreased GST activity and decreased hepatic concentrations of GSSG. In addition, SCD2, ACLY and FASN were all downregulated by the addition of HFD. Furthermore, expression of PPARα and PPARα-dependent proteins Cyp4a and ACSL1 were upregulated. In the PTENf/f mice, HFD resulted in significant increased in ALT, serum triglycerides and decreased REDOX capacity. Although expression of fatty acid synthetic enzymes was elevated in the chow fed PTENf/f group, the addition of HFD resulted in SCD2, ACLY and FASN downregulation. Compared to the Alb-Cre HFD group, expression of PGC1α, PPARα and its downstream targets ACSL and Cyp4a were upregulated in PTENf/f mice. Conclusions These data suggest that during conditions of constitutive Akt activation and increased steatosis, the addition of a HFD enhances hepatocellular damage due to increased CD36 expression and altered REDOX status. In addition, this work indicates HFD-induced hepatocellular damage occurs in part, independently of Akt signaling.