cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of diffusion tensor imaging after glossectomy.

Difficulty in visualizing the intricate architecture of the tongue has limited our understanding of its function during speech, mastication, and swallowing, as well as its adaptation to surgical procedures. Tractography visualization using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a semi-automatic technique, can detect and display the spatial distribution of the muscle fiber bundle orientations as 3D trajectories in human and calf tongues.1,2 DTI is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that measures the diffusivity of water in different directions3 and estimates fiber bundle orientation at each voxel, mathematically measuring the spatial distribution of diffusion tensors.4 It has been successfully applied to the study of neurologic conditions, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, and dementia. We have combined DTI with structural MRI as a means of observing residual tongue anatomy and yielding insight into the tongue’s reconstruction after tumor resection in a glossectomy patient.
Limiting replay vulnerabilities in DNSSEC

The DNS security extensions (DNSSEC) added public key cryptography to the DNS, but problems remain in selecting signature lifetimes. A zonepsilas master server distributes signatures to secondary servers. The signatures lifetimes should be long so that a secondary server can still operate if the master fails. However, DNSSEC lacks revocation. Signed data can be replayed until the signature expires and thus zones should select a short signature lifetime. Operators must choose between reduced robustness or long replay vulnerability windows. This paper introduces a revised DNSSEC signature that allows secondary servers to operate even if the master has failed while simultaneously limiting replay windows to twice the TTL. Each secondary server constructs a hash chain and relays the hash chain anchor to the master server. The signature produced by the master server ensures the authenticity of the hash anchor and the DNS data. A secondary server includes both the signature and a hash chain value used by resolvers to limit signature replay. Our implementation shows the added costs are minimal compared to DNSSEC and ensures robustness against long-term master server failures. At the same time, we limit replay to twice the record TTL value.
Polar Radiation Budgets of the NCAR CCM3

Present-day Arctic and Antarctic radiation budgets of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3) are presented. The CCM3 simulation is from a prescribed and interannually varying sea surface temperature integration from January 1979 through August 1993. Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) data from 1985 through 1989 are used for validation of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) absorbed shortwave radiation (ASR) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Summer ASR in both polar regions is less than the observations by about 20 W m22. While the annual mean OLR in both polar regions is only 2‐ 3Wm 22 less than the ERBE data, the seasonal amplitude in OLR of 40 W m22 is smaller than the observed of 55‐60 W m22. The annual polar TOA radiation balance is smaller than observations by 5‐10 W m22. Compared to selected model and observational surface data, downward shortwave (SW) is too small by 50‐70 W m22 and downward longwave (LW) too large by 10‐30 W m 22. Surface downward LW in clear atmospheres is too small by 10‐20 W m22. The absence of sea-ice melt ponds results in 10‐20 W m22 too much SW absorption during early summer and from 20 to 40 W m22 too little during late summer. Summer cloud covers are reasonably well simulated, but winter low cloud cover is too high by 0.5‐0.7 compared to surface cloud observations. Comparison with limited satellite and in situ observations indicates cloud water path (CWP) is too high by about a factor of 2. While cloud particle sizes are approximately in the range of observed values, regional variation between maritime and continental droplet sizes is too strong over coastlines. Despite several improvements in CCM3 radiation physics, the accuracy of polar TOA annual radiation balance is degraded against the ERBE data compared to CCM2. Improvement in CCM3 polar radiation budgets will require improved simulation of CWP, clear sky LW, and sea ice albedo.
Adaptation of resistance arteries to increases in pressure.

During the development of hypertension, hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells and deposition of extracellular matrix thicken the walls of large arteries without reducing the size of the lumen. The small arteries and arterioles remodel inwardly through a eutrophic process of rearrangement of the same smooth muscle cells around a smaller lumen. Pressure, through an increase in circumferential wall stress, can account for both hypertrophy and inward, eutrophic remodeling. The small arteries constrict during an elevation of pressure, thus restoring wall stress toward control levels. The large arteries have little vasoactivity and respond to the increase in wall stress by initiating a growth process. Mechanotransduction of the pressure stimulus to a growth response is being studied in small mesenteric arteries. Raising the pressure from 90 to 140 mmHg initiates a signaling process starting with phosphorylation of Src within 1 minute. This is followed by phosphorylation of Erk 1/2 peaking at 5 minutes and expressi...
Copysets: reducing the frequency of data loss in cloud storage

Random replication is widely used in data center storage systems to prevent data loss. However, random replication is almost guaranteed to lose data in the common scenario of simultaneous node failures due to cluster-wide power outages. Due to the high fixed cost of each incident of data loss, many data center operators prefer to minimize the frequency of such events at the expense of losing more data in each event. We present Copyset Replication, a novel general-purpose replication technique that significantly reduces the frequency of data loss events. We implemented and evaluated Copyset Replication on two open source data center storage systems, HDFS and RAMCloud, and show it incurs a low overhead on all operations. Such systems require that each node's data be scattered across several nodes for parallel data recovery and access. Copyset Replication presents a near optimal tradeoff between the number of nodes on which the data is scattered and the probability of data loss. For example, in a 5000-node RAMCloud cluster under a power outage, Copyset Replication reduces the probability of data loss from 99.99% to 0.15%. For Facebook's HDFS cluster, it reduces the probability from 22.8% to 0.78%.
Competitive impacts and responses of an invasive weed: dependencies on nitrogen and phosphorus availability

Changes in competitive interactions under conditions of enhanced resource availability could explain the invasion success of some problematic plant species. For one invader of North American grasslands, Centaurea diffusa (diffuse knapweed), we test three hypotheses: (1) under ambient (high resource) conditions, C. diffusa is better able to tolerate competition from the resident community (competitive response), (2) under ambient conditions, C. diffusa strong impacts the competitive environment (competitive effect), and (3) reductions in nitrogen and/or phosphorus availability diminish these advantages. In support of our first hypothesis, C. diffusa was the most tolerant to neighbor competition of the four focal species under current resource conditions. In opposition to our second hypothesis, however, neighborhoods that contained C. diffusa and those where C. diffusa had been selectively removed did not differ in their impact on the performance of target transplant individuals or on resource conditions. Reduction in resource availability influenced competitive tolerance but not competitive impact, in partial support of our last hypothesis. Reduction in soil nitrogen (via sucrose carbon addition) enhanced the degree of neighbor competition experienced by all species but did not change their relative rankings; C. diffusa remained the best competitor under low nitrogen conditions. Reduction of soil phosphorus (via gypsum addition) weakened the ability of C. diffusa to tolerate neighbor competition proportionately more than the other focal species. Consequently, under low phosphorus conditions, C. diffusa lost its competitive advantage and tolerated neighbor competition similarly to the other focal species. We conclude that C. diffusa invasion may be double-edged: C. diffusa is less limited by nitrogen than the other focal species and is better able to utilize phosphorus to its competitive advantage.
Rapid prototyping of social group dynamics in multiagent systems

In this article we present an engineering approach for the integration of social group dynamics in the behavior modeling of multiagent systems. To this end, a toolbox was created that brings together several theories from the social sciences, each focusing on different aspects of group dynamics. Due to its modular approach, the toolbox can either be used as a central control component of an application or it can be employed temporarily to rapidly test the feasibility of the incorporated theories for a given application domain. This is exemplified by applying the toolbox to different applications.
Discrete wavelet transform analysis of surface electromyography for the fatigue assessment of neck and shoulder muscles

Assessment of neuromuscular fatigue is essential for early detection and prevention of risks associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. In recent years, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of surface electromyography (SEMG) has been used to evaluate muscle fatigue, especially during dynamic contractions when the SEMG signal is non-stationary. However, its application to the assessment of workrelated neck and shoulder muscle fatigue is not well established. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish DWT analysis as a suitable method to conduct quantitative assessment of neck and shoulder muscle fatigue under dynamic repetitive conditions. Ten human participants performed 40 min of fatiguing repetitive arm and neck exertions while SEMG data from the upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles were recorded. The ten of the most commonly used wavelet functions were used to conduct the DWT analysis. Spectral changes estimated using power of wavelet coefficients in the 12–23 Hz frequency band showed the highest sensitivity to fatigue induced by the dynamic repetitive exertions. Although most of the wavelet functions tested in this study reasonably demonstrated the expected power trend with fatigue development and recovery, the overall performance of the ‘‘Rbio3.1’’ wavelet in terms of power estimation and statistical significance was better than the remaining nine
Energy-Efficient Wireless Packet Scheduling with Quality of Service Control

In this paper, we study the problem of packet scheduling in a wireless environment with the objective of minimizing the average transmission energy expenditure under individual packet delay constraints. Most past studies assumed that the input arrivals followed a Poisson process or were statistically independent. However, traffic from a real source typically has strong time correlation. We model a packet scheduling and queuing system for a general input process in linear time-invariant systems. We propose an energy-efficient packet scheduling policy that takes the correlation into account. Meanwhile, a slower transmission rate implies that packets stay in the transmitter for a longer time, which may result in unexpected transmitter overload and buffer overflow. We derive the upper bounds of the maximum transmission rate under an overload probability and the upper bounds of the required buffer size under a packet drop rate. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduler improves up to 15 percent in energy savings compared with the policies that assume statistically independent input. Evaluation of the bounds in providing QoS control shows that both deadline misses and packet drops can be effectively bounded by a predefined constraint.
Sodium metasilicate affects antimicrobial, sensory, physical, and chemical characteristics of fresh commercial chicken breast meat stored at 4°C for 9 days

The objectives of this study were to in- vestigate antimicrobial properties of sodium metasili- cate (SMS) on fresh boneless and skinless commercial broiler chicken breast fillets, and to ascertain effects of the treatments on sensory, chemical, and physical characteristics of the meat. Fillets were divided into 5 groups, weighed, treated with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4% SMS marinades, vacuum tumbled at 172.32 kPa for 20 min, reweighed, packaged in styrofoam trays, stored at 4°C for 9 d, and analyzed at 0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9 d for marination yield (d 0 only), pH, total psychrotrophic counts, water-holding capacity, purge loss, cooking yield, and objective texture, color, and sensory charac- teristics. Marination yield and water-holding capacity were similar (P > 0.05) among all SMS treatments and increased by 3 to 4% compared with that in control fillets. Fillets treated with at least 3% SMS had higher (P < 0.05) pH and cooking yields and lower (P < 0.05) purge loss (on d 9) compared with control fillets. The 3 and 4% SMS treatments retarded growth of psychro- trophic organisms for 1 additional day compared with control, 1, and 2% SMS-treated fillets. Color and tex- ture measurements and sensory characteristics of the fillets were not adversely affected by the SMS treat- ments. The data in this study revealed that at least 3% SMS was necessary to retard growth of spoilage bacteria compared with untreated samples and samples treated with the USDA maximum allowable level of 2% SMS in poultry marinades.
Phytophthora infestans: the plant (and R gene) destroyer

Phytophthora infestans remains a problem to production agriculture. Historically there have been many controversies concerning its biology and pathogenicity, some of which remain today. Advances in molecular biology and genomics promise to reveal fascinating insight into its pathogenicity and biology. However, the plasticity of its genome as revealed in population diversity and in the abundance of putative effectors means that this oomycete remains a formidable foe.
The Effect of Feed Consumption on the Survival Time of Adult Turkey Hens Under Conditions of Acute Thermal Stress

Abstract Five trials were run, using 75 adult female turkeys which were divided randomly into three different treatments. The objective was to determine if feed in the digestive tract would influence the body temperature and livability of turkeys subjected to acute hyperthermia. The birds were housed in environmentally controlled chambers with an experimental period of five hours and a temperature increase from 21° C. to 49° C. In treatment 1 the feed was removed from the birds 24 hours prior to the experimental period. In treatment 2 the feed was removed just prior to the experimental period. In treatment 3 the turkeys were given feed ad libitum throughout the experimental period. The results indicate that feed in the digestive tract during periods of hyperthermia influenced rate of change in body temperature. The turkeys on feed started panting and spreading their wings approximately 10 to 15 minutes sooner than those turkeys not given feed. The average body temperature at the time of first wing spread for those birds given feed was approximately 0.2° C. higher than that of the fasting turkeys. Also the fasting turkeys survived approximately 10 minutes longer with a final body temperature of approximately 0.4° C. higher (P
Parents as a Team: Mother, Father, a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and a Spinning Toy

This paper is a single case study involving a visit to a diagnostic clinic for autism spectrum disorder. A young boy finds a toy that he can hold with one hand and spin with another. In order to retrieve the toy and leave it in the clinic, the parents engage in a team effort. We describe this achievement in terms of two styles of practice or interactional routines with differing participation frameworks.We examine not only how the parents work as a team using these styles, but also how they improvise to extract the spinning toy from their son’s grasp with minimal protest on his part.
Electrical conduction and reaction analysis on mixed-conducting iron-doped barium zirconate

Abstract Mixed conducting BaZr0.9Fe0.1O3 − δ perovskite (BZF10) was experimentally investigated in terms of electrochemical, catalytic and material characterization over a cycle of dry CO2, humidified Ar, CO and H2 for SOEC or SORFC operation. BZF10 exhibited both mixed ionic–electronic conduction under oxidizing conditions and mixed protonic–electronic conduction under humidified reducing conditions. Upon exposure to dry CO2 atm, the material shows catalytic activity towards CO2 reduction which is attributed to an intermediate carbonate ion formation on the cell surface. Exposure to moisture under inert gas environment suggests only mild interaction with steam; however, under moist CO environment a complex conduction mechanism is displayed alongside significant rates of water-gas-shift while exposure to humidified H2 indicates n-type semi-conduction. Upon completion of > 1000 h of continuous exposure to a range of oxidizing and reducing gas environments, physical inspection of the BZF10 electrochemical cell indicated negligible chemical or mechanical degradation, while XRD indicates retention of high perovskite phase purity with significant Fe segregation to the intergranular region confirmed via XEDS elemental mapping.
Blaming Mothers: A Disability Perspective

Blaming mothers is a longstanding cultural tradition in the United States. This article traces how mothers are often blamed by school district personnel when their children with disabilities face educational challenges. Using hearing officer decisions in special education cases, this article offers specific examples of how the "blame the mother" phenomenon occurs. Mothers are either too aggressive or too passive while school districts fail to offer children with disabilities an appropriate education.
Site Selection, Design, and Reclamation of the Winding Gulf Refuse Pile, Raleigh County, West Virginia

The Winding Gulf refuse pile is an abandoned coal refuse facility which stores about 505,000 cubic yards of coal refuse. The pile was placed indiscriminately across a small stream valley as the Beckley coal seam was mined in the area from the 19209s to the 19509s. Since it blocks the natural drainage of a small watershed, this non-engineered structure has been categorized by the West Virginia Department of Natural Resources as being of “high hazard potential.” This has necessitated relocation of the refuse material. Field observations and subsurface drilling performed by the authors indicate the material to be fairly uniform in nature and composition. Results of a washability study indicate that about 50 percent of the pile material can be recovered as a salable product if the pile was reprocessed at a separation gravity of 1.6. The separated coal product would have a heating value of 13,500 BTU/lb. and an ash content of 9.5 percent. The refuse remaining after reprocessing would be disposed of at a new site. Engineering tests on the separated refuse show it to be a well to poorly graded sand and gravel with non-plastic fines. Laboratory densities range from 91 pcf to 115 pcf. Specific gravity ranges from 1.85 to 2.30. Direct shear test results show friction angles between 33 degrees and 42 degrees with little or no cohesion. Triaxial tests on two samples show effective friction angles of 19 degrees and 14 degrees and effective cohesion of 1,080 and 1,025 psf, respectively. Slake durability tests indicate high to very high resistance to slaking. Design of a new refuse facility at a newly selected site was accomplished using the “REAME” computer model developed by Huang. The “REAME” program analyzes embankment slopes for different conditions using the Simplified Bishop Method of Slices. Based on stability analyses, an embankment containing three lifts, each 50 ft high and placed at 2.5 to 1 slopes, has been recommended. The proposed embankment design also includes plans for diversion drainage.
Adherence to standards of care and implications of body temperature measurement in trauma patients.

PURPOSE To identify adherence to the standard that trauma patients have body temperature (T) recorded, range-of-temperature measurements, and the incidence of hypothermia recorded; and to examine the relationship between (T) and Injury Severity Score (ISS). METHODS A retrospective review of the records of 60 trauma patients was conducted. FINDINGS Forty percent of the patient records had temperatures recorded with values that ranged from (T) 87-100.6 degrees F; 33% of the patients had hypothermia as defined by a temperature of 96.6 degrees F or less. There appeared to be a significant inverse relationship between (T) and ISS. CONCLUSIONS Based on the data, temperature was recorded in only 40% of the cases sampled. Adherence to the standard of measuring and recording a value was only intermittently followed. Nursing personnel should be educated to appreciate the potential for unsuspected hypothermia and to respond by following the standards of care.
Direct Approach for Designing an Excavation Support System to Limit Ground Movements

Traditionally, excavation support systems are designed solely on the basis of satisfying limit equilibrium, using apparent earth pressure diagrams. Using this approach, the support system design becomes a function of the maximum anticipated earth pressure and is governed by overall structural stability as opposed to maximum allowable horizontal or vertical deformation. This approach produces a support system that is adequate with regards to preventing structural failure, but may result in excessive wall deformations and ground movements. This paper presents a design methodology that facilitates the sizing of all components of the excavation support system in such a way that limits the maximum lateral and vertical excavation-induced deformations. Based on the fundamental approach of the presented design methodology, structural and basal stability is
Space-time investigation of the effects of fishing on fish populations

Species distribution models (SDMs) are important statistical tools for obtaining ecological insight into species-habitat relationships and providing advice for natural resource management. Many SDMs have been developed over the past decades, with a focus on space- and more recently, time-dependence. However, most of these studies have been on terrestrial species and applications to marine species have been limited. In this study, we used three large spatio-temporal data sources (habitat maps, survey-based fish density estimates, and fishery catch data) and a novel space-time model to study how the distribution of fishing may affect the seasonal dynamics of a commercially important fish species (Pacific Dover sole, Microstomus pacificus) off the west coast of the USA. Dover sole showed a large scale change in seasonal and annual distribution of biomass, and its distribution shifted from mid-depth zones to inshore or deeper waters during late summer/early fall. In many cases, the scale of fishery removal was small compared to these broader changes in biomass, suggesting that seasonal dynamics were primarily driven by movement and not by fishing. The increasing availability of appropriate data and space-time modeling software should facilitate extending this work to many other species, particularly those in marine ecosystems, and help tease apart the role of growth, natural mortality, recruitment, movement, and fishing on spatial patterns of species distribution in marine systems.
Determination of Etelcalcetide Biotransformation and Hemodialysis Kinetics to Guide the Timing of Its Dosing

Introduction Etelcalcetide, a novel calcimimetic agonist of the calcium-sensing receptor for treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis, is a d -amino acid linear heptapeptide with a d -cysteine that is linked to an l -cysteine by a disulfide bond. In addition to binding to the calcium-sensing receptor, etelcalcetide is biotransformed by disulfide exchange in whole blood to predominantly form a covalent serum albumin peptide conjugate (SAPC). Key factors anticipated to affect the pharmacokinetics and disposition of etelcalcetide in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis are the drug’s intrinsic dialytic properties and biotransformation kinetics. Methods These factors were investigated using in vitro methods, and the findings were modeled to derive corresponding kinetic rate constants. Results Biotransformation was reversible after incubation of etelcalcetide or SAPC in human whole blood. The rate of SAPC formation from etelcalcetide was 18-fold faster than the reverse process. Clearance of etelcalcetide by hemodialysis was rapid in the absence of blood and when hemodialysis was initiated immediately after addition of etelcalcetide to blood. Preincubation of etelcalcetide in blood for 3 hours before hemodialysis resulted in formation of SAPC and decreased its clearance due to the slow rate of etelcalcetide formation from SAPC. Etelcalcetide hemodialysis clearance was >16-fold faster than its biotransformation. Discussion These results indicate that etelcalcetide should be administered after hemodialysis to avoid elimination of a significant fraction of the dose.
Merging photonics with nanoelectronics (Conference Presentation)

The recently established American Institute for Manufacturing Photonics (AIM Photonics) is a manufacturing consortium headquartered in New York, with funding from the US Department of Defense (DoD), New York State, and industrial partners to advance the state of the art in the design, manufacture, testing, assembly, and packaging of integrated photonic devices. Dr. Michael Liehr, CEO of AIM Photonics, will describe the technical goals, operational framework, near-term milestones, and opportunities for the broader photonics community. The Institute intends to organize a currently fragmented domestic capability in integrated photonics. AIM Photonics will develop and demonstrate innovative manufacturing technologies for a number of key application sectors for integrated photonics devices. The Institute will furthermore specifically focus on establishing and building out an infrastructure in key areas required to accelerate the further adoption of integrated photonics. Specifically, we will enhance the available hardware development capability to include Si-based Multi-Project Wafer runs, InP-based Photonic Integrated Circuits, first and second level packaging, test and assembly.
Explain content and outreach of public security by scientific development concept

The public safety has not only referred to the public safety and the traditional public order and permeated with the complex social factors.Public safety is a science and technology,as well as a management activity.Moreover,it is a morality and culture;it is the largest economic benefit of community;it is the hallmark of the harmonious development of society.
Studies with Enzyme Complexes that Synthesize Adenovirus 2 DNA In Vitro

The genomes of the small (SV40 and polyoma) and medium-sized (adenovirus) mammalian DNA viruses lend themselves readily to biochemical and structural analysis. Thus, these viruses have been widely used as tools in model systems in much the samc manner that the small phages have been used for the understanding of chromosomal replication in bacteria. To this end, nuclear and subnuclear replication systems have been sought in order to simplify and further investigate the process of eukaryotic DNA replication. We have selected subnuclear complexes from adenovirus 2 (Ad2) infected KB cells on the basis of their ability to synthesize Ad2 DNA in vitro in a DNA polymerase reaction mixture. We have characterized the in vitro products and some of the proteins and enzymes associated with these complexes.
Biodegradation of Coal Tar Constituents in Aquifer Sediments

In situ bioremediation is an important technology for the cost-effective treatment of contaminated soils and groundwater (NRC 1993). Trial-and-error methods of implementing this complex process at a field scale are inefficient and costly. Therefore, it is important to conduct laboratory studies to establish feasible microbial reactions and to develop reliable engineering models that can analyze in situ options prior to field testing. Specifically, it is important to establish the appropriate chemical conditions required for biodegradation of the contaminants and to assess the relative importance of mass transfer (bioavailability) versus kinetic (biodegradation control) effects.
Abstract 550: Evaluating changes in T cell activation by measuring expression of IL-2, CTLA-4, NFAT, and NF-kB in Jurkat cells

Insufficient stimulation of T cells due to activated checkpoint pathways can lead to ineffective clearance of tumor cells and thus, tumor growth and cancer. Developing methods to measure changes in the activation of such pathways are needed to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy approaches to treating cancer by altering T cell activation. Current methods that use measurments of IL-2 expression are limited by the fact that IL-2 is not specific to T cell activation and that it provides little insight into the mechanisms by which activation is affected. This project aims to address such limitations by determining whether changes in T cell activation can be effectively evaluated by measuring expression of CTLA-4, NFAT, and NF-kB, in addition to IL-2. Jurkat cells were cultured and activated with PMA (100 ng/mL) and ionomycin (500 ng/mL) for five hours. Staining for IL-2 and CTLA-4 with antibodies and transfection of the cells with genetic constructs that link NFAT and NF-kB to fluorescent proteins provided the means to link expression of fluorescence to expression of the molecules of interest. FACS analysis was then used to measure changes in the expression of the four signaling molecules in response to the induced changes in activation. Activation of the cells resulted in increased expression of all four molecules. Following activation, fluorescence due to CTLA-4, NFAT, and NF-kB expression changed by average fold increases of 2.58, 1.10 and 1.13, respectively. By measuring these key elements of T cell signaling pathways in addition to IL-2, these methods provide a potentially more effective alternative to current methods for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapeutic treatments for cancer. Citation Format: Jacquelyn M. Bement, Yuko J. Miyamoto. Evaluating changes in T cell activation by measuring expression of IL-2, CTLA-4, NFAT, and NF-kB in Jurkat cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 550.
Using a cultural and RDoC framework to conceptualize anxiety in Asian Americans

Asian Americans are one of the fastest growing minority groups in the United States; however, mental health within this population segment, particularly anxiety disorders, remains significantly understudied. Both the heterogeneity within the Asian American population and the multidimensional nature of anxiety contribute to difficulties in understanding anxiety in this population. The present paper reviewed two sources of heterogeneity within anxiety in Asian Americans: (1) cultural variables and (2) mechanisms or components of anxiety. Specifically, we examined four cultural variables most commonly found in research related to anxiety in Asian Americans: acculturation, loss of face, affect valuation, and individualism-collectivism. We also discussed ways to parse anxiety through a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, specifically focusing on sensitivity to acute and potential threat, constructs within the Negative Valence System. Previously unpublished preliminary data were presented to illustrate one way of examining ethnic differences in anxiety using an RDoC framework. Finally, this paper offered recommendations for future work in this area.
Abstract 1363: VEGF reduction facilitates angiogenesis by CXCR2

PURPOSE: With multiple pathways for angiogeneis, the purpose of the study is to quantify the expression of angiogenic tyrosine kinase receptors during endothelial tubule formation while inhibiting a G-protein linked CXCR2 receptor that binds angiogenic CXC chemokines. METHODS: Using endothelial tubule formation assays on Matrigel and Growth Factor Reduced (GFR) Matrigel, and without added VEGF, human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with a selective small molecule non-peptide inhibitor of CXCR2 called SB225002 (N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N9-(2-bromophenyl)urea compared with control. Previous dose-inhibition curves established optimal dosing of SB225002. After 6 hours of incubation, endothelial tubule formation was quantified by counting tubule length in four random microscopic fields using the microscope camera software NIS-Elements AR 3.10 in triplicate and compared to control. In parallel, endothelial cells were collected from the Matrigel under the same conditions for quantification of angiogenesis receptors and growth factors by RT-PCR in triplicate. RESULTS: There was significant inhibition of endothelial tubule formation on Matrigel (and GFR Matrigel) by the addition of SB225002 (40-58% of inhibition) under conditions of no added VEGF when compared to control. The expression of mRNA in HUVEC cells harvested from Matrigel was not different for VEGFR1-3, FGFR1-3, and PDGFRA,B with or without the inhibitor. Under conditions of no added VEGF, the expression of CXCR2 mRNA was the same with or without the inhibitor, but the endothelial tubule formation was significantly inhibited. CONCLUSION: Under growth factor reduced conditions, including no added VEGF, the endothelial tubule formation and angiogenenic tyrosine kinase receptor expression was similar to standard matrigel. However, when a selective non-peptide inhibitor of CXCR2 (SB225002) was added, endothelial tubule formation was inhibited without change in expression of other angiogenesis receptors from HUVEC cells retrieved from the matrigel. Therefore, tubule formation continues with the chemokine/CXCR2 axis and may be an additional pathway that circumvents other attempts at angiogenesis inhibition targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Citation Format: Mary A. Kosir, Donghong Ju. VEGF reduction facilitates angiogenesis by CXCR2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1363. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1363
Transmedial narratology and contemporary media culture, by Jan-Noël Thon, Lincoln and London, University of Nebraska Press, 2016, xxii + 527 pp., US$60.00 (hardback), ISBN 978-0-8032-7720-5/$60.00 (ebk), ISBN 978-0-8032-8837-9

In Transmedial Narratology and Contemporary Media Culture, Jan-Noel Thon effectively surveys theories of narrativity to develop a method for discussing narrative concepts in contemporary films, com...
Painting a Picture of Womanhood: Images of Rosie the Riveter

World War II is often thought of as a revolutionary time for change in the lifestyles of women. Men were duty bound by their country to join the War, and this left a gap in the workforce for the war productions industry. Into this chasm fell women, who were allowed to carry the mantle of male work outside of the house. This marks a significant change in American history, for the first time women had an acceptable and encouraged reason to function outside of the domestic sphere. Women were recruited specifically in the defense industry and were responsible for creating and maintaining essential military goods.
Optimized Fluorescence Complementation Platform for Visualizing Salmonella Effector Proteins Reveals Distinctly Different Intracellular Niches in Different Cell Types

The bacterial pathogen Salmonella uses sophisticated type III secretion systems (T3SS) to translocate and deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells to establish infection. Monitoring these important virulence determinants in the context of live infections is a key step in defining the dynamic interface between the host and pathogen. Here, we provide a modular labeling platform based on fluorescence complementation with split-GFP that permits facile tagging of new Salmonella effector proteins. We demonstrate enhancement of split-GFP complementation signals by manipulating the promoter or by multimerizing the fluorescent tag and visualize three effector proteins, SseF, SseG, and SlrP, that have never before been visualized over time during infection of live cells. Using this platform, we developed a methodology for visualizing effector proteins in primary macrophage cells for the first time and reveal distinct differences in the effector-defined intracellular niche between primary macrophage and c...
Effects of Non-Periodic Disturbances on Repetitive Control Systems

Abstract This paper examines non-periodic tracking and disturbance rejection characteristics of repetitive controller designs. Since repetitive controllers learn to cancel disturbances over time, one-time (non-periodic) disturbances have the undesirable effect of reducing tracking accuracy not only in the initial cycle but also in subsequent cycles while the controller "unlearns" the disturbance. This paper discusses the use of disturbance observer feedback to minimize response to non-periodic disturbances during the initial cycle, and adds a new adaptive error saturation element that uses simple statistical techniques to allow the repetitive controller to distinguish between periodic and non-periodic disturbances.
Some Problems of Ought-Utilitarianism, Valuation, and Deontic Logic

The paper contains a discussion of H.-N. Castaneda’s claim that merely maximizing value is in general neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition even for the prima facie obligatoriness of an action. I show that his arguments against the compatibility of act ought-utilitarianism and deontic logic do not conclusively establish this claim. I urge that one should rather blame deontic logic than utilitarianism for the alleged incompatibility. I supply a modified notion of openness of actions, elaborate on how valuing disjunctive actions and implication relationships between obligations depend on the openness of actions, and specify a method of merely comparing disjunctive actions as to their values. Because of the problems raised by disjunctive actions I question whether prescriptions univocally refer to actions and combine logically like propositions.
Control of Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction Using Nanosecond-Pulsed Plasma Actuators

Nanosecond-pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators are used to control shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions. Characterization of the separation region without plasma actuatio...
Characterization and utilization of extruded- expelled soybean flours

Extrusion-expelling (EE) is an alternative oilseed processing technique to solvent extraction. The objective of both processing techniques is to obtain oil and meal products. The products of EE processing are a crude oil and low-fat meal (flour) (LFSF). Extrusionexpelling processing is a relatively new process (developed in 1987) and the meal currently produced is used primarily in the animal feed industry. Due to these two reasons, the literature available on LFSF functional properties and utilization in food products is limited. The present work was divided into two parts; the first part was focused on LFSF with a wide range of protein dispersibility indexes (PDI) and residual oil (RO) levels; the second part was focused on LFSF from value-enhanced soybean varieties. The objective of both parts of the present work was to characterize the functional properties of the respective LFSF and utilize the LFSF in a food system. Functional properties of LFSF from part one (LFSF with a wide range of PDI and RO) showed that the greater the PDI, the more functional the protein. However, the functional properties of the LFSF in the PDI/RO range of 42/8 to 67/11 were relatively equal. In general, this range of LFSF behaved similar to defatted soy flour (DFSF) at a PDI of 71. In a batter system (cake doughnuts), LFSF behaves differently from DFSF in that the performance of LFSF is relatively unpredictable compared to DFSF. However, when compared the doughnuts made with DFSF were compared to those doughnuts made with LFSF were relatively equal in certain quality and sensory characteristics. Part two of the present work utilized six varieties of value-enhanced soybeans. Value-enhanced soybeans are those soybeans which have had some trait altered either through traditional plant breeding or through biotechnological means. Two commodity
Multidimensional Wellness Promotion in the Health and Fitness Industry

Current trends in the United States indicate an increase in sedentary behaviors, obesity, stress and poor diet, contributing to heightened rates of chronic illness and mortality. These trends illus...
Are coal balls rare? A cyclostratigraphic analysis of coal-ball occurrence in North America

Abstract From the perspective of Phanerozoic time, coal balls are rare, apparently limited to a 24 m.y. interval (323–299 Ma) in the Pennsylvanian and earliest Permian. Yet within this interval, coal balls occur in many coals. Approximately 82 transgressive-regressive sedimentary cycles have been described for the Midcontinent, Illinois and Appalachian basins of North America during the mid-to-late Pennsylvanian. One third (27/82) have coal balls, including 57% of major cycles, 36% of intermediate cycles and 16% of minor cycles. Coal-ball occurrence in the Donets Basin is similar: over an interval of about 4 m.y. (~315–311 Ma, latest Bashkirian to mid-Moscovian), 39% (11/28) of transgressive-regressive cycles have coal balls. As North American paleoclimate became drier, tree ferns replaced lycopsids as the dominant plant in peat swamps at the Desmoinesian/Missourian boundary, and coal-ball occurrence declined. Overall, 47% of cycles (19/40) with lycopsid or cordaitean dominance have coal balls, whereas 19% (8/42) of cycles with tree fern dominance have coal balls (p This pattern may reflect the relative abundance of coal in the Late Pennsylvanian, with drier paleotropical climates in the Missourian-Virgilian leading to less paleotropical coal, fewer mines and a lower probability of discovering Missourian and Virgilian coal balls. However, average cycle duration decreased from 150 kyr in the Desmoinesian to ~100 kyr in the Missourian and Virgilian, and faster rates of relative sea-level rise could have affected coal-ball abundance, particularly if coal balls formed in marine swamps, with more rapid transgression leading to thinner coals, or to freshwater coals directly overlain by marine sediments. Rygel et al. (2008) suggested that Missourian-Virgilian cycles recorded more erosional relief than Desmoinesian cycles, consistent with increased amplitude and rates of sea-level rise during each glacial-eustatic cycle. Changes in Missourian-Virgilian cycles may have been augmented by stratigraphic attenuation as sediment filled the antecedent topography.
Optimal Fidelity Selection for Human-in-the-loop Queues using Semi-Markov Decision Processes

We study optimal fidelity selection for a human operator servicing a queue of homogeneous tasks. The service time distribution of the human operator depends on her cognitive dynamics and the level of fidelity selected for servicing the task. Cognitive dynamics of the operator evolve as a Markov chain in which the cognitive state increases (decreases) with high probability whenever she is busy (resting). The tasks arrive according to a Poisson process and each task waiting in the queue loses its value at a fixed rate. We address the trade-off between high quality service of a task and consequent loss in value of future tasks using a Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) framework. We numerically determine an optimal policy and establish its structural properties.
Domestic resource mobilization in Ethiopia: how sustainable is the current boom in domestic savings?

This study aims to find out if the sequential policy interventions by the government to boost domestic savings are among the main factors for the boom in such savings observed during GTPI in Ethiopia and whether the impact these interventions is permanent or short-lived. In addition, it revisits and explores the determinants of gross domestic savings. The study applies (LM) unit root test with a structural break, an ARDL modeling approach, and it also relies on an analytical review. The policy shocks applied to domestic savings have changed the long-term growth path of domestic savings permanently. In addition, macroeconomic instability, capital flight income and urbanization are the main variables that affect efforts of mobilizing domestic savings in Ethiopia. However, features of a vibrant financial sector, including secondary financial markets for an efficient use of available resources, reliability and transparency of the housing agency, and an effective demand for housing, are among the main conditions for sustained positive impacts of these policies. Accordingly, some policy recommendations are forwarded. Key words: Saving, investment, economic policy, Ethiopia, JEL Classification: D91, E21, E62, O16
CPA Experience Requirements and Service Quality: Experience from the US

This study examines the requirement of obtaining prior practical experience toobtain a license to provide professional assurance services. Disciplinary sanctionsimposed by the American institute of certified public accountants (AICPA) is used tocompare differing state experience requirements required for licensing. The study usesthe per capita number of sanctions for substandard professional service as a proxy forthe quality of professional service being provided in each state. The results revealedconsistent associations between the length of minimum state experience requirementsfor licensure and the proxy. While the results suggest that experience provides societywith a benefit, the results do not quantify it and the justification for adopting a specificexperience requirement still requires a judgmental assessment of the trade-off betweenthe costs that the requirement imposes and the benefits it will bestow
Artificial intelligence accurately identifies total hip arthroplasty implants: a tool for revision surgery.

Background:A critical part in preoperative planning for revision arthroplasty surgery involves the identification of the failed implant. Using a predictive artificial neural network (ANN) model, th...
Implant Selection for Proximal Humerus Fractures

Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are a common orthopedic injury; however, their treatment remains largely controversial with evidence supporting a wide array of treatments. Although many injuries can be treated nonoperatively, there has been much debate about surgical management of PHF. A detailed review of the literature was performed relative to operative management options specifically related to implant choices. Although no definitive answers are available regarding best practice, there is literature to guide operative decision-making and implant selection based on both patient- and surgeon-specific factors.