cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRACHEAL ASPIRATE INTERLEUKIN-8 (IL-8) ELEVATION FOLLOWED BY INTERLEUKIN-6(IL-6) PRECEDE THE APPEARANCE OF NEUTROPHILS (PMN) IN PRETERM NEONATES WHO DEVELOP BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD). • 1374

Tracheal aspirate(TA) samples obtained from ventilated preterm infants have been shown to contain detectable levels of the inflammatory markers IL-8 and IL-6 as well as PMNs, which have been implicated in the acute inflammatory response associated with the pathogenesis of BPD. We hypothesized that the presence of IL-8 and IL-6 in the TA in the early phase of lung injury in ventilated premature infants would predict the subsequent progression to BPD. Serial TAs were collected from ventilated premature neonates <32 weeks of gestation on days 1,3,5 & 7.After counting TA PMNs, cell-free supernatants were frozen at -70° C awaiting batch assay by ELISA for IL-6 and IL-8,corrected for dilution factor by quantitative assay of TA urea. The patients were followed for the resolution of their respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or the progression to BPD (defined as the need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks post-conceptional age). Significant elevation of TA IL-8(day 1&3) temporally preceded significant elevation of TA IL-6 (day 3&5), which also preceded significant TA PMN elevation by day 5 (there was no difference in TA PMN counts on day 1&3, not shown). We conclude that TA cytokines IL-8 and then IL-6 are early markers of acute lung injury. We speculate that they may be useful early markers to identify premature infants at risk for the development of BPD. Table
Assessment of Extended-Release Opioid Analgesics for the Treatment of Chronic Pain

Approximately 3.8 million patients annually receive extended-release (ER) or long-acting opioid prescriptions in the outpatient setting, around half of which are written by primary care physicians. Compared with short-acting, immediate-release (IR) formulations, ER and oral long-acting opioid analgesics are associated with clinical advantages, such as extended periods of time during which drug plasma levels are within the therapeutic range, decreased peak-to-trough fluctuations, and prolonged analgesia over the dosing period. Additionally, ER opioids offer a more convenient, less frequent dosing regimen to chronic pain patients who are often taking several concomitant medications. The increased utilization of ER opioids has been accompanied by a rise in the misuse and abuse of these formulations. Certain pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., longer time to maximum drug plasma concentration, lower maximum drug plasma concentration) may decrease the abuse potential of intact ER opioids by limiting the positive subjective and reinforcing effects relative to IR formulations. Putative abuse-deterrent formulations have also recently been introduced to impede physical manipulation of these formulations, or reduce the harm resulting from such behavior. Such formulations may represent an incremental advance to reduce non-oral forms of abuse. This article reviews the pharmacokinetic profiles and abuse-deterrent features of newer ER opioid analgesics for the treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain.
Risk-sensitive foraging by a migratory bird ( Dendroica coronata )

Because migration is a period of exceptional energy demand, individuals in migratory disposition should be particularly sensitive to variability in food availability, i.e. show risk-sensitivity in their foraging behavior. When given the opportunity to feed at either a constant or a variable reward station, birds in migratory disposition (experimentals) chose the variable reward (risk-acceptance) more often than the constant reward during the premigratory fattening period as they gained weight and accumulated an energy reserve, while control birds not in migratory disposition consistently preferred the constant reward (risk-aversion). Once birds in migratory disposition attained maximum body weight and began to show nocturnal restlessness, their behavior changed and they, too, behaved in a risk-averse manner.
Angina of Micturition

A case history of a 46-year-old Negro male was presented with rheumatic aortic insufficiency, angina pectoris, and possible subacute bacterial endocarditis. While hospitalized, the patient developed angina pectoris associated with micturition. This was not accompanied by a change in blood pressure, pulse, or increase in respiratory rate. The striking similarity to a description of a case approximately 300 years ago is pointed out and possible mechanisms of this association of angina and micturition are considered.
Infinite mass shifts of open superstrings as a possible signal of confinement

Abstract Mass shifts are derived for open superstring leading trajectories in the adjoint, symmetric tensor and singlet representations of SO(32). Compactification to D = 4 leads to divergent expressions for the shifts of the two charged trajectories, while similar divergences cancel for the singlet states. Naively, massive charged states are removed from the physical spectrum. Massless vectors remain massless, but may be otherwise affected depending on how the low-energy limit is taken.
A model for crystalline order within helical and tubular structures of chiral bilayers

Abstract Some theories have suggested that packing interactions like those found in cholesteric liquid crystals may stabilize the cylindrical curvature of a chiral lipid bilayer. A crystalline bilayer modeled after this interaction is indicated to involve highly anisotropic packing interactions, in which the curvature-stabilizing interaction occurs along a single crystallographic direction. This corresponds to a principal packing interaction that is directed along a helical curve through the cylindrical bilayer, and suggests that the bilayer may be modeled as a parallel array of helical chains of molecules assembled side-by-side to produce a contiguous bilayer with cylindrical curvature. The stability of long-range order in such a quasi-one-dimensional system is, however, subject to serious limitations, which becomes critical to the formation of a single crystal bilayer composed of helical chains. The significance of the packing interactions transverse to the helical chains becomes paramount to the relative stability of this crystalline state for a cylindrical bilayer, and may therefore be a discriminating factor in the relatively rare appearance of chiral lipid bilayers in helical and tubular forms.
Agent-based modeling for community resource management: Acequia-based agriculture

Abstract Water management is a major concern across the world. From northern China to the Middle East to Africa to the United States, growing populations can stress local water resources as they demand more water for both direct consumption and agriculture. Irrigation based agriculture draws especially heavily on these resources and usually cannot survive without them; however, irrigation systems must be maintained, a task individual agriculturalists cannot bear alone. We have constructed an agent-based model to investigate the significant interaction and cumulative impact of the physical water system, local social and institutional structures which regulate water use, and the real estate market on the sustainability of traditional farming as a lifestyle in the northern New Mexico area. The regional term for the coupled social organization and physical system of irrigation is “acequias”. The results of the model show that depending on the future patterns of weather and government regulations, acequia-based farming may continue at near current rates, shrink significantly but continue to exist, or disappear altogether.
Lipid metabolism of two highly inbred strains of mice.

SummaryDifferences in the metabolism of 2 highly inbred strains of mice were studied. There was a higher level of FFA in the plasma of the A/Fn strain mouse as compared to the I/Fn, although measurements of FFA release in vitro revealed no differences in the rate of mobilization per unit weight of adipose tissue. Ketone body production by liver slices was greater in the I, and in both strains was inversely related to the hepatic glycogen content. Tripalmitin-C14 oxidation to C14O2in vivo was more marked in the I than in the A, while fat retention was greater in the A. The simultaneous feeding of a 25% glucose-50% starch solution markedly depressed CO2 output from tripalmitin in the I strain and caused an enhanced output in the A.
IS AUTOIMMUNITY A COMMON DENOMINATOR IN IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES

Abstract In normal circumstances, antibodies reactive with native DNA appear in the plasma during the course of many clinical conditions associated with inflammation. These antibodies seem to be elaborated in response to the release of exceptional amounts of DNA by nucleated cells. As a result, DNA/ anti-DNA complexes can be demonstrated in the cryoprecipitable fraction of plasma from patients with various inflammatory diseases. A significant proportion of these immune complexes contain low-molecular-weight polynucleotide antigens. These polynucleotides are derived from DNA which has been degraded by plasma DNAase. Because of the digestion of DNA in the plasma a spectrum of antigen/antibody complexes forms. While large, relatively insoluble complexes would be expected to be rapidly cleared by the reticuloendothelial system, low-molecular-weight complexes are removed more slowly. It is proposed that the action of plasma DNAase upon both free and immune bound-DNA can lead to a preponderance of small, soluble, polynucleotide/antiDNA complexes. Under appropriate conditions of vascular permeability, these soluble complexes may be deposited in vessel walls. Hence, regardless of the initiating infectious or inflammatory agent, polynucleotide antigen/anti-DNA antibody complexes form and can result in immune-mediated inflammatory phenomena in diverse disease states.
Bioaccumulation and chemical modification of Tc by soil bacteria.

Bioaccumulation and chemical modification of pertechnetate (TcO{sub 4}-) by aerobically and anaerobically grown soil bacteria and by pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria (Desulfovibrio sp.) were studied to gain insight on the possible mechanisms by which bacteria can affect the solubility of Tc in soil. Aerobically grown bacteria had no apparent effect on TcO{sub 4}-; they did not accumulate Tc nor modify its chemical form. Anaerobically grown bacteria exhibited high bioaccumulation and reduced TcO{sub 4}-, enabling its association with organics of the growth medium. Reduction was a metabolic process and not merely the result of reducing conditions in the growth medium. Association of Tc with bacterial polysaccharides was observed only in cultures of anaerobic bacteria. Sulfate-reducing bacteria efficiently removed Tc from solution and promoted its association with organics. Up to 70% of the total Tc in the growth medium was bioaccumulated and/or precipitated. The remaining Tc in soluble form was entirely associated with organics. Pertechnetate was not reduced by the same mechanism as dissimilatory sulfate reduction, but rather by some reducing agent released in the growth medium. A calculation of the amount of Tc that could be associated with the bacterial biomass present in soil demonstrates that high concentration ratios inmore » cultures do not necessarily imply that bioaccumulation is an important mechanism for long-term retention of Tc in soil.« less
A Data Driven Approach to Learning the Kinetics of Single Molecules: A Case Study of Single Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Channel

The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor (IP3R) channel plays a central role in the generation and modulation of intracellular Ca2+ signals in animal cells. To gain insight into the crucial intricate ligand regulation of this ubiquitous channel, we constructed the simplest quantitative continuous-time Markov-chain model using a transparent iterative approach, which can be adopted to Markov chain models in general. Our model accounts for all experimentally observed gating behaviors of single native IP3R channels from insect Sf9 cells. Ligand (Ca2+ and IP3) dependencies of channel open probability (PO) established six main ligand-bound channel complexes, where a complex consists of one or more states with the same ligand stoichiometry and open or closed conformation. Channel gating in three distinct modes added one additional complex and indicated that three of the complexes can gate in two different modes. This also restricted the connectivity between channel complexes. Finally, channel responses to abrupt ligand concentration changes defined a model with 9 closed states and 3 open states, and its network topology. The model with 24 parameters can closely reproduce the equilibrium PO and channel gating statistics for all three gating modes for a broad range of ligand concentrations. It also captures the major features of channel response latency distributions. The model can generate falsifiable predictions of IP3R channel gating behaviors not yet explored, and provide insights to both guide future experiment development and improve IP3R channel gating analysis.
The interaction of classical Yang-Mills charges

Abstract Beginning with Khriplovich's formulation of the two point charge Yang-Mills problem, the gauge freedom is used to reduce by one the number of quantities entering the field equations. While a Coulomb solution is shown to exist for any orientation of the color charges, any solution which has a magnetic field present will have lower energy. When the field equations are solved for the simple charge configurations of parallel plates and cylindrical capacitors, one finds screening due to the vector potential. This screening is shown to be complete for any isolated charged plate or line charge. This result may be an indication that isolated charge cannot occur physically for the classical Yang-Mills theory.
Evolution and Parenting

The evolution of infant-parent attachment over the ages is examined. This is the 1 bond which transcends all human groups and all generations. Parenting is 1 mechanism essential for the survival of the species and has been developed over a 4-5 million year period. It is impossible to have controlled studies of childless versus child-raising couples to determine if other creative activities adequately fulfill the parenting need. However various social studies indicate that people need to parent just as children need parent love. The active interpersonal relationships start with maternal love then develop outward. Maternal instinct as a true instinct does not seem to be a part of the original human equipment but responding to an infants needs brings out different types of emotional responses which many people fin d a true source of existential worth. Before a society sets forth a policy of "no children" as opposed to a policy of limiting the number of children it should consider that childlessness as a preferred life style might prove psychologically costly to the well-being of the population.
Langerhans cells in molluscum contagiosum, verruca vulgaris, plantar wart, and condyloma acuminatum

To determine a possible role of Langerhans cells in viral infection of skin, we studied the distribution of Langerhans and indeterminate cells in the lesional skin of mollusca contagiosa, verrucae vulgaris, plantar warts, and condylomata acuminata. A total absence of Langerhans and indeterminate cells was observed in molluscum contagiosum, but their number appeared to be normal or increased in the perilesional normal skin. Few Langerhans and indeterminate cells were seen in the suprabasal location in verrucae vulgaris and plantar warts, and normal numbers were noted in the perilesional skin. In contrast, a larger number of Langerhans and indeterminate cells reaching up to stratum granulosum were found in the condylomata acuminata. It is possible that alteration of keratinocytes by viral infection may effect the migration of Langerhans cells to the epidermis. The lack of Langerhans cells may lead to a paucity of inflammatory response (in particular, T cell-mediated response) to the cells infected with the virus.
Toward an integrated approach to early childhood stuttering

Abstract This article proposes a model that integrates various factors influencing early childhood stuttering. The factors interact in a synergistic manner and can be subsumed under three macrofactors: physiological, psycholinguistic, and psychosocial. Such a model can be clinically applied toward an integrated approach to the assessment and treatment of the young stutterer.
Novel nitric oxide signaling mechanisms regulate the erectile response

Nitric oxide (NO) is a physiologic signal essential to penile erection, and disorders that reduce NO synthesis or release in the erectile tissue are commonly associated with erectile dysfunction. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes production of NO from L-arginine. While both constitutively expressed neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) isoforms mediate penile erection, nNOS is widely perceived to predominate in this role. Demonstration that blood-flow-dependent generation of NO involves phosphorylative activation of penile eNOS challenges conventional understanding of NO-dependent erectile mechanisms. Regulation of erectile function may not be mediated exclusively by neurally derived NO: Blood-flow-induced fluid shear stress in the penile vasculature stimulates phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase to phosphorylate protein kinase B, which in turn phosphorylates eNOS to generate NO. Thus, nNOS may initiate cavernosal tissue relaxation, while activated eNOS may facilitate attainment and maintenance of full erection.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor immunoreactivity after hippocampal commissural/associational pathway lesions: Evidence for multiple presynaptic receptor subtypes

The present study addressed the hypothesis that differential localization of m1–m4 subtypes in the inner one-third of the dentate molecular layer is due to selective presynaptic expression of the receptor proteins on the hippocampal commissural/associational pathways. Physical and chemical lesions of the commissural and associational pathways were used to denervate afferent terminals in the inner one-third of the molecular layer, and fluid injections were used to lesion granule cells, their postsynaptic target. Immunocytochemistry utilizing muscarine acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype-specific antibodies was used to identify changes in expression patterns in the molecular layer postlesion. m1 immunoreactivity in the molecular layer did not change after commissural/associational pathway lesions. m2 immuno-reactivity in the inner one-third of the molecular layer was attenuated only after lesions involving the associational pathway. In contrast, m3 and m4 immunoreactivity in the inner one-third of the molecular layer was almost completely abolished by lesions of both pathways simultaneously. Granule cell lesions greatly attenuated m1 and m3 immunoreactivity in the molecular layer, with little to no diminution of m2 and m4 immunoreactivity. The results indicate that, in the inner one-third of the molecular layer, m1 and m3 are mainly postsynaptic on granule cells, whereas m2 and m4 are presynaptic on the commissural/associational pathways. This study provides direct anatomical evidence for the diversity of molecular subtypes presynaptically on the commissural/associational pathways. J. Comp. Neurol. 380:382–394, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
LA NEUTRALIDAD LIBERAL COMO ANTIPERFECCIONISMO

It will be critically analyzed the concept of liberal neutrality according to the version of Rawls and the main ways to justify it, with particular attention to the skeptical, equality and autonomy arguments. Then, it is argued that the autonomy argument is the best one to explain the liberal neutrality understood as antiperfectionism. Finally, it will be we reviewed the relevance and significance of some criticisms that can be made against the liberal antiperfectionism.
The influence of cadmium sulfide and contact annealing configuration on the properties of high-performance cadmium stannate

Abstract The sensitivity of cadmium stannate (CTO) performance to both sputtering and annealing conditions was investigated. Films treated by the standard proximity anneal in contact with a CdS film displayed an electrical resistivity of ~2.2×10−4 Ω cm, high mobility (~57 cm2/V s), and >90% transmission throughout the near infrared (λ≤1350 nm). Film properties were insensitive to annealing temperature and sputtering ambient when O2 was present during deposition. Next, we demonstrated process modifications to the proximity anneal. CTO and CTO/CdS bilayer films were annealed either uncovered or covered with a bare glass plate. CTO/CdS bilayers annealed in the covered configuration had comparable or superior conductivity to the proximity anneal, with optimal performance achieved with 10 nm of CdS. The resistivity of uncovered films and films produced without CdS was insensitive to CdS thickness (~3×10−4 Ω cm), and displayed higher mobility and improved transparency, particularly in the near infrared. The electrical properties were well correlated with X-ray diffraction measurements of film crystallinity and purity. These high-conductivity films are promising for photovoltaic applications, transmitting 92–95% of solar radiation >1 eV.
Characteristics of Ni/Gd FUSI for NMOS Gate Electrode Applications

This letter investigates the work function tuning of nickel/gadolinium (Ni/Gd) fully silicided (FUSI) gate electrodes on HfSiOx dielectrics. It was found that as the percentage of Gd in the Ni/Gd increased from 10% to 30%, the effective work function value after a one-step 450-degC FUSI anneal decreased from 4.75 to 4.35 eV. In addition, the presence of Gd also resulted in lowering of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) values. The mechanism for a decreased EOT is attributed to the reduction of low-kappa interfacial layers by the presence of Gd in the gate stack. The decrease in work function is attributed to the creation of oxygen vacancies within the high-kappa layer created by the presence of Gd layer.
Grasp Posture Alters Visual Processing Biases Near the Hands

Observers experience biases in visual processing for objects within easy reach of their hands; these biases may assist them in evaluating items that are candidates for action. I investigated the hypothesis that hand postures that afford different types of actions differentially bias vision. Across three experiments, participants performed global-motion-detection and global-form-perception tasks while their hands were positioned (a) near the display in a posture affording a power grasp, (b) near the display in a posture affording a precision grasp, or (c) in their laps. Although the power-grasp posture facilitated performance on the motion-detection task, the precision-grasp posture instead facilitated performance on the form-perception task. These results suggest that the visual system weights processing on the basis of an observer’s current affordances for specific actions: Fast and forceful power grasps enhance temporal sensitivity, whereas detail-oriented precision grasps enhance spatial sensitivity.
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis

Nine cases of cervical necrotizing faciitis are presented. Five were odontogenic, three were pharyngeal in origin, and one developed from a soft-tissue spider bite. The bacteriology represented a polyculture of gram-positive, gram-negative, as well as anaerobic bacteria, and initial medical treatment by third-generation cephalosporin and metronidazole or clindamycin was successful and is recommended. Airway control is necessary early, as is a wide exploration of the fascial spaces of the neck, with frequent reexploration in either the operating room or at the bedside to evaluate the effects of treatment and to prevent further progression of the disease. Intensive medical support is crucial, and hyperbaric oxygen is advised for patients who are deteriorating under standard therapy.
A Machine Learning Approach for Identification of Thesis and Conclusion Statements in Student Essays

This study describes and evaluates twoessay-based discourse analysis systems thatidentify thesis and conclusion statements fromstudent essays written on six different essaytopics. Essays used to train and evaluate thesystems were annotated by two human judges,according to a discourse annotation protocol. Using a machine learning approach, a number ofdiscourse-related features were automaticallyextracted from a set of annotated trainingdata. Using these features, two discourseanalysis models were built using C5.0 withboosting: a topic-dependent and atopic-independent model. Both systemsoutperformed a positional algorithm. While thetopic-dependent system showed somewhat higherperformance, the topic-independent systemshowed similar results, indicating that asystem can generalize to unseen data – thatis, essay responses on topics that the systemhas not seen in training.
Neuroanatomy of the Mormyrid Electromotor Control System

Mormyrid fish produce a diverse range of electric signals that are under the control of a central electromotor network. The anatomical organization of this network was delineated by injecting biotinylated compounds into neurophysiologically identified nuclei. Previous work using retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase indicated that the medullary command nucleus (CN) receives inputs from the precommand nucleus (PCN) at the mesencephalic‐ diencephalic border and the ventroposterior nucleus (VP) in the torus semicircularis. This study confirms these projections and identifies the dorsal posterior nucleus (DP) in the thalamus as an additional input to CN. DP and PCN form a bilateral column of cells extending ventrolaterally and caudally from the dorsal thalamus. The primary input to DP/PCN is from VP, which is identified as having two distinct subdivisions. A small group of large, multipolar cells along the ventral edge projects to DP/PCN and to CN, whereas a dorsal group of small, ovoid cells projects to DP/PCN but not to CN. VP receives input from the tectum mesencephali and the mesencephalic command-associated nucleus (MCA). As in all vertebrates, the tectum mesencephali receives input from several sources and likely provides multimodal sensory input to the electromotor system. MCA is part of the electromotor corollary discharge pathway, and its projection to VP suggests a feedback loop. These results, combined with recent physiological studies and comparisons with other taxa, suggest that modifiable feedback to DP/PCN plays a critical role in electromotor control and that the different inputs to CN may each be responsible for generating distinct electric signals. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:440 ‐ 455, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Indexing terms: electric organ discharge; electric fish; pacemaker; command; motor; communication
On the Performance of Transmit and Receive Diversity OFDM Systems with Phase Noise and Imperfect Channel Estimation

In this paper, we investigate the effects of phase noise in the presence of imperfect channel estimation (ICE) on the performance of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) wireless systems with receive diversity employing max- imal ratio combining (MRC) and transmit diversity for Space- Time Block Codes (STBC) with multiple transmit antennas and one receive antenna in a Rayleigh fading environment. The bit error rate (BER) expressions are derived for each transmit- receive antenna configuration with emphasis on complex signal constellations. To illustrate the extent of system degradation on a practical system, the presented results are verified through simulations by making use of the system parameters from the IEEE802.16e standard. I. INTRODUCTION
Dynamics of the forced Josephson junction circuit: The regions of chaos

We study the dynamics of the Josephson junction circuit with both dc and ac current forcing, with emphasis on the ac case. Specifically, we derive analytically the bifurcation diagram of the small amplitude ac forced Josephson junction. We thus place on analytic grounds the qualitative, experimental, and simulation work of Belykh, Pedersen, and Soerensen; specially that which pertains to the regions of chaos. Combining previous results from the literature with our new results, we provide an enhanced picture of the dynamics of the ac forced case, as well as insightful explanation of the associated I-V characteristics. Explicit asymptotic formulae for the curves that separate the different regions in the bifurcation diagram are also given.
Localization of Chicken Parathyroid Glands Through Vital Staining

Five, fat-soluble dyes and one, metachromatic tissue dye were administered to White Leghorn hens and broilers to determine how these compounds would color parathyroid tissue for subsequent gland localization. Sudan black, sudan red, canthaxanthin, oil red O, beta-apo-8'-carotenal, and toluidine blue O were administered orally in gelatin capsules once a day for 1, 2, or 3 days before slaughter. The dyes were administered at approximately 100 mg/dose. The carotenoid pigments were given at 200 mg/dose. Two administrations were required to develop sufficient visible staining. All dyes except the toluidine blue O were visibly deposited in the parathyroid glands. Sudan black resulted in the greatest contrast with surrounding adipose tissue. Male broilers 3 wk of age that were given one dose of sudan black showed gland definition comparable to that seen in the hens after two doses. Male broilers 5 wk of age showed less gland definition when given sudan black or sudan red for 1 or 2 days. A histological examination indicated that the fat-soluble dyes were located extracellularly. These results indicate that sudan black can be used to visually identify the parathyroid glands of chickens.
COORDINATION AND CONTROL OF MULTIPLE UAVs

This paper addresses the problems of autonomous task allocation and trajectory planning for a fleet of UAVs. Two methods are compared for solving the optimization that combines task assignment, subjected to UAV capability constraints, and path planning, subjected to dynamics, avoidance and timing constraints. Both sub-problems are non-convex and the two are strongly-coupled. The first method expresses the entire problem as a single mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that can be solved using available software. This method is guaranteed to find the globally-optimal solution to the problem, but is computationally intensive. The second method employs an approximation for rapid computation of the cost of many different trajectories. This enables the assignment and trajectory problems to be decoupled and partially distributed, offering much faster computation. The paper presents several examples to compare the performance and computational results from these two algorithms.
Meta-analytic Findings on Grouping Programs

Meta-analytic reviews have focused on five distinct instructional programs that separate students by ability: multilevel dasses, cross-grade programs, within-class grouping, enriched classes for th...
Ion Distributions in the Dayside Magnetosheaths of Jupiter and Saturn

Data from the Voyager 1 and 2 Plasma Science experiment in the dayside magnetosheaths of Jupiter and Saturn are analyzed. The ion distributions throughout the dayside magnetosheaths of both planets are well modeled by a two-temperature proton distribution. The two proton populations have comparable densities, and temperatures of 100 and 1000 eV. Similar two-temperature proton distributions are occasionally observed in earth's magnetosheath. Ion temperatures, densities, and bulk velocities for the four magnetosheath crossings are presented, confirming that sunward flow of up to 100 km/s occurs when the magnetosphere is expanding.
Joint Hypothesis Tests for a Unit Root When There is a Break in the Innovation Variance

. We develop extensions of the Dickey–Fuller F-statistics for the joint null hypothesis of a unit root that allows for a break in the innovation variance. Our statistics are based on the modified generalized least squares (GLS) strategy outlined in Kim, Leybourne and Newbold [Journal of Econometrics (2002) Vol. 109, pp. 365–387] that requires estimation of the break-date and corresponding pre-break and post-break variances. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the new F-statistics, tabulate their finite sample and asymptotic critical values, and present finite sample simulation evidence regarding their size and power.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HLA-B ANTIGENS AND ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE

130 patients with severe aplastic anaemia, conditioned with high-dose cyclophosphamide, showed sustained engraftment of marrow from HLA-identical siblings. Most patients (55%) had no acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), 11% had transient grade I, and 34% had moderate to severe (grades II-IV) acute GVHD. The relation between the donors' (and the patients') HLA antigens and the incidence of grades I-IV acute GVHD was explored. There was no association with HLA-A antigens, but a significant correlation with HLA-B antigens. Patients with HLA-B18 had an estimated acute GVHD incidence nearly three times that of other patients, whereas the incidence in the presence of HLA-B8 or HLA-Bw35 was estimated to be about half that in the absence of these alleles.
On the Choice of Welfare Standards in Competition Law

This article addresses two issues relating to the choice between a consumer welfare and total welfare standard for competition law. First, it considers whether distributive considerations may favor a consumer welfare standard, or at least some underweighting of producer surplus in a total welfare assessment. The argument that focusing on consumer welfare is poorly targeted to general redistributive objectives is correct but not decisive since the distributive incidences of consumer and producer surplus differ significantly. By contrast, the argument that it is more efficient to rely exclusively on the tax and transfer system to achieve general distributive objectives is normatively powerful. Second, the relevance of the preexisting level of price elevation (relative to a competitive, marginal cost benchmark) is found to be quite different under the two standards. For a given additional price increase caused by anticompetitive activity, the marginal sacrifice of consumer welfare is greatest when there is no preexisting elevation and gradually falls as the initial elevation grows. By contrast, the marginal sacrifice of total welfare (deadweight loss) is negligible when there is no preexisting elevation and rises as the initial elevation grows. This difference has implications for competition policy, most directly for that toward horizontal mergers and price-fixing, along with practices that facilitate coordinated price elevation.
Teaching Students What They Already Know? The (Mis)Alignment Between Mathematics Instructional Content and Student Knowledge in Kindergarten

Kindergarten mathematics skills are important for subsequent achievement, yet mathematics is underemphasized in kindergarten classrooms. Using nationally representative data, this study explored th...
Ultrasound's effect on the conduction latency of the superficial radial nerve in man.

Research has clearly demonstrated that ultrasound has an effect on nervous tissue and its ability to propagate an action potential, but controversy exists concerning what physiological changes occur and whether these changes are due to the thermal or mechanical properties of ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect caused by mechanical and heating factors on sensory nerve conduction by comparing the effects of equivalent temperature changes by a strictly thermal source and by ultrasound. Ten healthy adults were exposed to ultrasound and infrared on separate treatment sessions to create a 1.2°C increase in subcutaneous tissue temperature. Nerve conduction latencies were recorded for each 0.3°C increase during both the ultrasound and infrared treatments. Results were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and a matched-group Student's t test. The combined mechanical and heating effects of ultrasound caused a decrease in latency of the lateral cutaneous branch of the radial nerve, similar to that of the heating effects of infrared. The results indicated that ultrasound's mechanical effects did not play a significant role in affecting the nerve conduction latency.
License to Be More Innovative

A patent holder may choose to give up its current leading position through patent licensing in order to increase its incentive to innovate further and thus avoid falling behind its rivals in future R&D races. We show that because of this “catching-up” effect, licensing may occur even when it reduces current industry profits. The overall effect of licensing is to slow down the pace of innovation, as it reduces the licensee's incentive to conduct R&D.
Design and Development of a Highly Macroporous Silicone Scaffold as a Bioartificial Pancreas for Type 1 Diabetes

Clinical islet transplantation, the intraportal infusion of allogeneic pancreatic islets into a diabetic recipient, is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes; however, the success of clinical islet transplantation is hindered by the location of the implant site, which is prone to mechanical stresses, inflammatory responses, exposure to high drug and toxin loads, and irretrievability of the transplanted islets. The development of devices to house islets at alternative transplant sites may alleviate many of these issues. Structural support to the islets in the form of a scaffold is critical to reducing pelleting and agglutination of the islets, which results in decreased availability of nutrients to the islets, leading to cell death. In this study, we sought to design and develop a highly porous silicone scaffold with the goals of maximizing nutrient delivery by creating a structure that supports and spatially distributes the islets, as well as promotes vascular infiltration. Macroporous scaffolds were fabricated from highly biocompatible, biostable silicone using the solvent casting and particulate leaching technique (SCPL). Pore size and degree of porosity were individually controlled by varying the particle size and polymer to particle ratio, respectively. Prior to cell loading, scaffolds were steam sterilized and coated in adhesion proteins for enhanced cell adhesion. Preliminary findings in our laboratory evaluated spatial distribution, viability, and function of both rodent, non-human primate, and human islets within the scaffolds. In vivo studies assessed biocompatibility and stability of the silicone scaffolds, as well as vascular infiltration. The results of this study suggest silicone scaffolds represent an opportunity for transplanting islets at extrahepatic sites. Future in vivo studies will evaluate the efficacy of silicone scaffolds at restoring euglycemia in diabetic small animal models.
Nevi in the Newborn

Newborns can present with a host of varying birthmarks. Such nevi can represent a benign condition or a harbinger of a more concerning underlying condition or genetic syndrome. It is important for caretakers to be able to distinguish between the many seemingly similar or unusual entities. This article highlights distinguishing features of the most commonly encountered nevi seen at birth or in early childhood. Furthermore, updated information from the literature about controversies and current understanding of the genetic basis surrounding various nevi is presented.
Embedded Streaming Deep Neural Networks Accelerator With Applications

Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have become a very powerful tool in visual perception. DCNNs have applications in autonomous robots, security systems, mobile phones, and automobiles, where high throughput of the feedforward evaluation phase and power efficiency are important. Because of this increased usage, many field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based accelerators have been proposed. In this paper, we present an optimized streaming method for DCNNs’ hardware accelerator on an embedded platform. The streaming method acts as a compiler, transforming a high-level representation of DCNNs into operation codes to execute applications in a hardware accelerator. The proposed method utilizes maximum computational resources available based on a novel-scheduled routing topology that combines data reuse and data concatenation. It is tested with a hardware accelerator implemented on the Xilinx Kintex-7 XC7K325T FPGA. The system fully explores weight-level and node-level parallelizations of DCNNs and achieves a peak performance of 247 G-ops while consuming less than 4 W of power. We test our system with applications on object classification and object detection in real-world scenarios. Our results indicate high-performance efficiency, outperforming all other presented platforms while running these applications.
Traumaphobia: Confronting Personal and Professional Anxiety

This article reflects my personal and professional dislocation resulting from the World Trade Center disaster. Through the act of writing and an active reading of the professional literature, I attempt to re-establish equilibrium, to restore confidence, and to rekindle a sense of purpose and meaning in the helping process, both for myself and for the reader. Examined is the literature related to memory and its connection to the phenomena of trauma, “psychache,” compassion fatigue, vicarious traumatization, countertransference, and burnout. It concludes with guidelines for “being present” and for self-care.
The synthesis of trans-(Me3CO)3WCCHCHCW(OCMe3)3, cis,cis-(Me3CO)3WCCHCHCCCHCHCW(OCMe3)3, and related metal-capped ene-ynes, and evaluation of them as catalysts for preparing polydiacetylenes

Abstract Reaction of 0.5 equiv. of trans-5-decene-3,7-diyne with W(CEt)(OCMe3)3 yields trans-(Me3CO)3WCCHCHCW(OCMe3)3 (2) via the intermediate trans-(Me3CO)3WCCHCHCCEt (1), while reaction of 1 equiv. of cis-5-decene-3,7-diyne with W(CEt)(OCMe3)3 yields cis,cis-(Me3CO)3WCCHCHCCCHCHCW(OCMe3)3 (4) via cis-(Me3CO)3WCCHCHCCEt (3). Reaction of additional cis- or trans-5-decene-3,7-diyne with either 2 and/or 4 results in decomposition. Bipyridyl adducts of related metal-capped oligomers have been prepared and are more stable, but they are too insoluble to serve as intermediates in polymerization reactions. Reaction of 0.5 equiv. of 1,4-dibutynylbenzene with W(CEt)(OCMe3)3 yields (Me3CO)3WC(1,4-C6H4)CW(OCMe3), while reaction of 1 equiv. of 1,2-dipentynylbenzene with W(CEt)(OCMe3)3 yields (Me3CO)3WC(1,2-C6H4)CC(1,2-C6H4)CW(OCMe3)3. Addition of 4 or more equiv. of 1,4-dibutynyl- or 1,2-dipentynyl-benzene to W(CEt)(OCMe3)3 results in formation of a yellow intractable product in less than 50% yield. It appears that either instability or insolubility of the growing polymers in this general class will limit their utility as catalysts.
Analysis of drinking water monitoring results in Fukang city from 2009 to 2011

Objective:To know the status of daily drinking water quality to provide a scientific basis for drinking water management.Methods:Drinking water were sampled from urban and rural area of Fukang from 2009 to 2011,then detected and evaluated in accordance with the national standard.Results:For 589 sample of drinking water,the qualified rate was 84.2%.The qualified rates of urban and rural drinking water were 100% and 71.1% respectively,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 = 91.57,P 0.01).The qualified rates of rural drinking water in wet season and dry season were 72.0% and 70.2% respectively,and the unqualified items were total coliforms,visible content,sulfate,thermotolerant coliforms and total hardness.Conclusion:Drinking water quality inFukang city can basically meet the national standard,but rural drinking water quality still need to be strengthened the supervision and management.
Inhibition of STAT3 siRNA on invasion of colon cancer cell line HCT116

Objective: To study the effects of STAT3 small interfering RNA(siRNA)on invasion of colon cancer cell line HCT116.Methods: After colon cancer HCT116 cell were transfected by STAT3 siRNA,we studied the expression of STAT3 mRNA using RT-PCR,anchorage-independent growth using clon formation in soft agar,and invasion using boyden chamber mode. Results: STAT3 siRNA could knock-out the level of STAT3 mRNA.STAT3 siRNA can inhibit anchorage-independent growth and invasion ability in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: STAT3 siRNA can inhibit anchorage-independent growth and invasion ability of colon cancer cell.
Process of Urbanization in the World and Countermeasures in Chinese Urbanization

Urbanization is a process of multi-layer structural change involving economy, society, population and change of system.In the developmental process of urbanization in the world, developed and developing countries have different routes and modes of development. In the 21st century, Chinese urbanization has entered a new developmental period. We must deal with it in light of conditions of our country, use international experience for reference and actively and steadily promote the process of urbanization.
Conversations with an Alzheimer's patient: Communicative profile of Elsie

In chapter 1 we saw that language problems of Alzheimer's disease patients seem to be not on the syntactic level, but on the discourse level. This chapter is meant to give the reader a general sense for the discourselevel abilities and difficulties of the Alzheimer's patient whose conversations are at the heart of this study. This communicative profile of Elsie should serve to contextualize the more specific analyses of questions and responses as presented in chapters 3 and 4. This chapter begins with a discussion of the notions of taking the role of the other and automaticity of language. These notions then help us to understand Elsie's observed communicative abilities and difficulties as parts of a coherent whole rather than as unrelated occurrences. Against this comprehensive background, communicative phenomena which are problematic to the interactions are outlined, illustrated by typical examples from the fourteen conversations between November 1981 and March 1986. To aid the reader who would like to relate specific examples to the larger interaction, reference is made following each example first to the number (in parentheses) which signifies the conversation's placement within the listing in chapter 1 followed by the date the conversation took place. Taking the role of the other Critical to an individual's success as a conversational partner is the ability to take the role of the other at every point in each given conversation. It is only by figuratively stepping into the mind of the addressee of our remarks that we are able to accomplish conversational coherence and maintain mutual face in interaction at the same time.
Post-stroke discharge disposition prediction using deep learning

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a major cause of long-term disability in the United States. Because of its life-threatening consequences, the stroke system of care including acute treatment and post-acute rehabilitation is crucial. In order to support the stroke system of care in the age of big data, predictive analytics can be applied to forecast what will happen in the future. For example, we can predict post-stroke discharge disposition at an acute stroke admission, which will facilitate optimizing acute treatment and planning post-acute rehabilitation with the desired outcomes. In this preliminary study, we will explore deep learning for post-stroke discharge disposition prediction and evaluate prediction performance using hospital discharge data provided by Tennessee Department of Health. Deep learning is a powerful tool to deal with large-scale data and provides an end-to-end solution to multi-class classification including dimensionality reduction. Our preliminary results will demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning and suggest the further exploration for performance improvement and clinical adoption.