cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving Patient Outcomes in Gynecology: The Role of Large Data Registries and Big Data Analytics

Value-based care is quality health care delivered effectively and efficiently. Data registries were created to collect accurate information on patients with enough clinical information to allow for adequate risk adjustment of postoperative outcomes. Because most gynecologic procedures are elective and preference-sensitive, offering nonsurgical alternatives is an important quality measure. The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), in conjunction with mandates from the Affordable Care Act, passed by Congress in 2010, has developed several initiatives centered on the concept of paying for quality care, and 1 of the first CMS initiatives began with instituting payment penalties for hospital-acquired conditions, such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and surgical site infections. Registries specific to gynecology include the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology registry established in 1996; the FIBROID registry established in 1999; the Pelvic Floor Disorders Registry established by the American Urogynecologic Society in conjunction with other societies (2014); and the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists Clinical Outcomes Registry. Data from these registries can be used to critically analyze practice patterns, find best practices, and enact meaningful changes in systems and workflow. The ultimate goal of data registries and clinical support tools derived from big data is to access accurate and meaningful data from electronic records without repetitive chart review or the need for direct data entry. The most efficient operating systems will include open-access computer codes that abstract data, in compliance with privacy regulations, in real-time to provide information about our patients, their outcomes, and the quality of care that we deliver.
Separation of DNA Sequences Complementary to the RNA of Avian Myeloblastosis Virus from Chicken DNA by Alkaline Cesium Chloride Density Sedimentation

Density gradient sedimentation in alkaline cesium chloride of DNA from normal chicken embryos or leukemic myeloblasts fragmented to a size of 13S revealed that the DNA sequences complementary to 70S avian myeloblastosis virus RNA sedimented in the high guanine plus cytosine region ahead of the main peak of cellular DNA. When the DNA was fragmented into pieces of 6.6S there was a broader distribution of the DNA sequences complementary to the viral RNA. This technique could be employed as a step towards the isolation of DNA copies of the entire viral RNA genome from the mass of host cellular DNA.
Archiving Longitudinal Data for Future Research. Why Qualitative Data Add to a Study's Usefulness

In dem vorliegenden Beitrag diskutieren wir die besonderen Herausforderungen, denen Archive begegnen mussen, wenn sie Langsschnittdaten mit breiten qualitativen Datenanteilen fur kunftige Forschungsarbeiten bereitstellen wollen. Wir beruhren dabei Fragen des Datenschutzes, einer optimalen Aufbereitung der Daten fur Re-Analysen (und moglicher Wege fur Follow-Ups ohne Verletzungen des Datenschutzes) sowie Moglichkeiten, Forschende bei der (Planung der) Archivierung von Daten fur Langsschnittuntersuchungen zu unterstutzen. Das Kernstuck unseres Beitrages beschaftigt sich mit dem besonderen Nutzen von qualitativen Daten fur kunftige Forschungsarbeiten. Dabei ist unser Hauptargument, dass qualitatives Material in einem weitaus groseren Ausmas als quantitative Daten spateren Forscher(inne)n neue/zusatzliche Perspektiven und Deutungsmoglichkeiten eroffnet. Wir verdeutlichen dies an Re-Analysen von Daten, die im Murray Research Center archiviert wurden. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0003235
Noncancer risk assessment : Reproductive toxicology

In summary, the concerns that environmental and other agents are causing adverse effects on reproductive function in humans are real, although the risk is not necessarily well characterized. The range of concerns for the types of effect that agents might have on reproduction span the full range of reproductive events. There is a fairly high background of reproductive disease in humans which decreases the sensitivity for identifying agents that have a subtle, but adverse, effect on reproductive performance of humans. Because our animal studies identify a large number of agents that cause some adverse reproductive effect at the dose levels tested, the concern is raised about the oversensitivity of animal models for predicting adverse effects in humans. Until we better understand the biology underlying the reproductive process of humans and animals, it will be difficult to make animal studies more specific in their predictiveness. Continued research to better understand the biology of reproduction in humans and animals should help to identify the types of data generated in animals that are most predictive of an adverse effect in humans.
Assessment of Police Officer Recruiting and Testing Instruments

Abstract Unlike other professional fields, a vast majority of police departments have employed a variety of psychometric and behavioral measures to select highly qualified officers. Considering the unique nature of police work, police recruits are expected to be mentally stable, socially adaptable, and intellectually competent to perform a wide range of police tasks. However, the job-relatedness becomes a legal mandate to sustain the legality of police recruitment-related measures or requirements. This study examines the effects of testing results (e.g., the written test) and socio-demographic factors (e.g., race) on 420 candidates who participated in the police selection process at the Asheville Police Department, North Carolina, during the period of 1990-96. Results show that the decision-making process of police officer selection is primarily testing-oriented. In other words, police candidates who fail to achieve a satisfactory rating on any of the recruitment-related tests are less likely to be recrui...
Cost-Related Motivations for Conducting Research: Participants Should Be Informed

Many groups in the United States are concerned about the increasing cost of health services and have sought to reduce health care spending while maintaining the quality of care. A promising approach to this goal is to conduct more head-to-head clinical trials that compare the effectiveness of less expensive treatment options with that of more costly treatments. However, this type of research raises questions about how the purposes of the studies are presented to potential research participants.
APPROACHES TO RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE

Psychiatric disorders occur in 14% to 20% of American children and adolescents and are a leading cause of disability among them, yet fewer than one in five of these children are recognized. The most common psychiatric disorders presenting to pediatricians include ADHD, anxiety disorders, depression, substance-use disorders, and conduct disorder, Approaches to recognition include screening for psychosocial concerns using specific questions in the clinical interview, and using brief, written questionnaires. Case vignettes illustrate comprehensive treatment planning for children with psychiatric disorders in the primary care context. As psychopharmacologic treatments and the new subspecialty of pediatric psychopharmacology take on growing importance, the traditional oversight role of the pediatrician and effective communication among referring and consulting physicians remain critical to quality care.
Theory of radical-induced ignition of counterflowing hydrogen versus oxygen at high temperatures

Abstract Ignition of hydrogen and oxygen in counterflow was studied using asymptotic methods for temperatures above that of crossover. Starting with seven elementary reaction steps, a reduced mechanism was derived using chemical steady-state approximations for the O and OH radicals. An algebraic ignition criterion was derived using this mechanism which predicts the ignition state as a function of the parameters defining the system. This criterion successfully explains the behavior analogous to the “first” and “second” explosion limits observed in homogeneous hydrogen-oxygen mixtures. A bifurcation analysis was then performed to clarify the ignition behavior. This analysis demonstrated that an ignition turning point can occur solely through the interaction of radical species with no contribution from heat release. The source of this turning was found to be the reaction H + HO 2 → 20H, confirming results from numerical calculation. Finally, the regimes in which abrupt or monotonic transition to an ignited state were recalculated including the effect of this reaction.
A School-Based Fruit and Vegetable Snacking Pilot Intervention for Lower Mississippi Delta Children

Background. In this pilot study, we examined school-aged children’s familiarity and willingness to try fruits and vegetables (FV) and the impact of a 6-week school-based snack feeding intervention on familiarity and consumption of FV. Methods. In all, 190 fourth- to sixth-grade students from a rural Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD) school participated. Measures included surveys assessing familiarity and willingness to try FV and direct observation of FV snack consumption. Results. At baseline, the majority of students provided correct name recognition for 6 of the 11 snacks offered, whereas name recognition increased significantly for the other 5 FV postintervention. Similarly, previous eating experience increased for 7 of the 11 FV offered. On average, a higher percentage of the fruit (54% to 98%) and vegetable (49% to 50%) snacks offered were consumed by the students. Willingness to try and grade level were the strongest predictors of fruit and vegetable snack consumption. Conclusions. These results sugges...
Potassium-argon age of iron meteorites☆

The K/sup 41/ and Ar/sup 40/ have been determined in seven specimens of five falls of iron meteorites. The measured Ar/sup 40/ content was found to be principally radiogenic in origin and associated with the potassium. Under the usual assumptions accepted for this method, ages have been calculated and found to be close to 10 x 10/sup 9/ years, which is about twice the reported age of stone meteorites, and also higher than the supposed age of the universe. (auth)
Liver stiffness increases acutely during sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis.

Acute vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in sickle cell disease (SCD) is an important cause of end-organ damage. It is estimated that 10–39% of VOC occurs with hepatic involvement. Current assessments of hepatic involvement during VOC are unsatisfactory. We investigated transient elastography (TE) as a marker of hepatic involvement, its relationship with histology, and biochemical markers during VOC. SCD patients were evaluated with biochemical markers and TE at steady-state and during VOC. Change in TE and biochemical markers were correlated with length of hospital stay. When available, liver biopsy and tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) at steady-state were correlated with TE. Twenty-three patients were evaluated (mean age = 34.3 years, standard deviation = 7.96). In 15 patients with liver biopsies, TE correlated with fibrosis (P = 0.01) and TRV (P = 0.0063), but not hepatic iron. Hemolysis biomarkers changed during VOC (P < 0.022), but not alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Paired comparison of TE at steady-state and during VOC showed an increased from 6.2 to 12.3 kPa (P = 0.0029). Increasing TE during VOC associated with increasing ALT and alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0088 and 0.0099, respectively). At steady-state, increasing inflammation on biopsy (P = 0.0037) and TRV (P = 0.0075) correlated with increasing TE during VOC. Increased hospital stay was associated with higher ALT (P = 0.041), lower albumin (P = 0.046), hemoglobin/hematocrit (P < 0.0021) but not TE. TE may identify patients with hepatic involvement during VOC independent of biochemical measures. Increase in TE may reflect both hepatic passive congestion and hepatic involvement during VOC. TE may serve as a physiological biomarker for hepatic features of VOC. Am. J. Heamtol. 88:E250–E254, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cervical ripening before medical induction of labor: a comparison of prostaglandin E2, estradiol, and oxytocin

Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of oxytocin, prostaglandin, E2 intracervical gel, and estradiol cream for ripening the very unfavorable cervix in patients requiring induction of labor at term. Study design: This prospective, randomized study was conducted in a population of women with a very unfavorable cervix (Bishop score <4) requiring induction of labor. The patients received prostaglandin E2 gel (0.5 mg) intravervically (three doses 6 hours apart), 4 mg estradiol cream in the anterior fornix of the vagina (three doses 6 hours apart), or oxytocin at induction per protocol with an infusion pump. Results: Ninety-nine women were recruited into this trial and evenly distributed among the three groups. The demongraphics of maternal age, race, parity, gestational age, initial Bishop score, and indication for induction were similar among the groups. The incidence of cesarean deliveries was similar in the three groups with approximately 59% of pregnancies delivered abdominally. For patients undergoing abdominal delivery the maximum cervical dilatation among the oxytocin, estradiol, and prostaglandin E2 groups was similar (3.90 = 3.02 cm, 3.63 ± 2.79 cm, and 4.65 ± 2.78 cm, respectively; p > 0.05). For all patients birth weight and Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes were comparable across all regimens (p > 0.05). In the subset of patients delivered vaginally patients receiving oxytocin for cervical ripening had the greatest improvement on Bishop score over baseline (p = 0.023) with an improvement of 7.08 ± 2.42. Conclusion: No differences were detected among prostaglandin E2 gel, estrogen, and oxytocin in relation to cervical ripening in patients with an unfavorable cervix at term who require an induction of labor. Patients with a very unfavorable cervix at term who require delivery may benefit from serial ripening and inductions.
A Tungsten(VI) Nitride Having a W2(μ-N)2 Core

The tungsten nitrido species, [W(μ-N)(CH2-t-Bu)(OAr)2]2 (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), has been prepared in a reaction between the alkylidyne species, W(C-t-Bu)(CH 2 -t-Bu)(OAr)2, and organonitriles. The dimeric nature of the nitride was established in the solid state through an X-ray study and in solution through a combination of 15 N NMR spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. Reaction of the nitride with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate afforded the monomeric trimethylsilyl imido species, W(NSiMe3)(CH2-t-Bu)(OAr)2(OSO 2 CF 3 ), which was also characterized crystallographically. The W 2 N 2 core can be reduced by one electron electrochemically or in bulk with metallocenes to afford the radical anion, {n-Bu 4 N}{[W(μ-N)(CH 2 -t-Bu)(OAr)2]2}. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the lowest-energy allowable transition in [W(μ-N)(CH 2 -t-Bu)(OAr)2]2 is from a highest occupied molecular orbital consisting largely of ligand-based lone pairs into what is largely a metal-based lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.
Laparoscopic remnant gastrectomy as a novel approach for treatment of gastrogastric fistula

Background Gastrogastric fistula (GGF) is a rare complication after divided Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). The incidence can be as high as 49% in patients who undergo nondivided or partially divided RYGBP. We have previously reported a GGF rate of 1.5% after divided RYGBP. Remnant gastrectomy has been advocated by our group as a treatment option for this complication. We report our initial experience using the laparoscopic approach.
A Bone to Pick with Compulsive Behavior

Mice with mutations in the Hoxb8 gene exhibit compulsive grooming behavior. Chen et al. (2010) now report that this behavior stems from Hoxb8 deficiency in microglia, a type of immune cell in the brain derived from bone marrow. These findings provide intriguing connections between immune dysfunction and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Motor Proficiency Traits of Deaf Children.

(1982). Motor Proficiency Traits of Deaf Children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 53, No. 3, pp. 236-238.
Graphene-Based Hybrids with Manganese Oxide Polymorphs as Tailored Interfaces for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Synthesis, Processing, and Properties

Technological progress is determined to a greater extent by developments of novel materials or new combinations of known materials with different dimensionality and diverse functionality. In this work, we report on the synthesis and characterization of graphene-based hybrid nanomaterials coupled with transition-metal oxide polymorphs (nano/micro-manganese oxides, i.e., β-MnO2 [Mn(IV)] and Mn3O4 [Mn(II, III)]). This lays the groundwork for high-performance electrochemical electrodes for alternative energy devices owing to their higher specific capacitance, wide operational potential window and stability through charge–discharge cycling, environmentally benignity, cost-effectiveness, easy processing, and reproducibility on a larger scale. To accomplish this, we strategically designed these hybrids by direct anchoring or physical adsorption of β-MnO2 and Mn3O4 on variants of graphene, namely graphene oxide and its reduced form, via mixing dispersions of the constituents under mild ultrasonication and drop-casting, resulting in four different combinations. This facile approach affords strong chemical/physical attachment and is expected to result in coupling between the pseudocapacitive transition-metal oxides and supercapacitive nanocarbons showing enhanced activity/reactivity and reasonable areal density of tailored interfaces. We used a range of complementary analytical characterization tools to determine the structure and physical properties, such as scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, resonance Raman spectroscopy combined with elemental Raman mapping, and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with selected-area electron diffraction. All of these techniques reveal surface morphology, local (lattice dynamical) and average structure, and local charge transfer due to the physically (or chemically) adsorbed manganese oxide of synthesized hybrids that helps to establish microscopic structure–property–function correlations highlighting the surface structure and interfaces to further investigate their electrochemical supercapacitor properties.
An ultramicro technique for the assay of serum cholinesterase: results in normal children and in children with infectious hepatitis.

Summary 1. A simple quantitative ultramicro-method is described for the determination of serum cholinesterase employing the enzyme hydrolysis of acetylcholine bromide. Precision of the method was tested and was found to be 185 units ±3CV (9.6%) on duplicate determinations performed on 20 different days. 2. Serum cholinesterase activity was found to be significantly decreased (P
MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers in human solid tumors

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the expression of approximately 30% of protein-coding genes. Functions of miRNAs are essential to maintain a steady state of cellular machinery. Dysregulations of miRNAs play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of malignancies. Abnormal miRNA expressions have been found in a variety of human solid tumors. Furthermore, extracellular miRNAs could circulate in body fluids, and hence show great promise for refining diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Here we review the progress of analysis of microRNAs as a potential approach for diagnosis and prognosis of solid cancer. We will also discuss obstacles in developing miRNAs as circulating biomarkers.
Influence of temperature and drug concentration on nafcillin precipitation.

Nafcillin is a penicillinase-resistant antistaphylococcal antibiotic that has been used for various indications, such as endocarditis and skin infections.[1][1] In the setting of home infusion, nafcillin is not considered a very user-friendly medication because of the substantial risk of phlebitis[2
An assessment of methodological options for investigating the development of persuasive skills across childhood

This study compared two fundamentally different approaches to assessing the development of persuasive skills in children: asking them to generate messages versus having them select from preformulated messages or strategies. Also investigated was the approach of asking children to indicate their rationale for choosing a particular message. Using criteria of showing a developmental progression with age and positive correlation with social cognitive measures presumed to be relevant to persuasive skills, the present study suggests more success with message generation than with selection of preformulated messages. Elicitation of the rationale may prove a useful supplement to either of the former approaches.
Secure information hiding algorithm using parametric slant-Hadamard transforms

In this paper, we investigate the use of a family of transform domains in embedding hidden data.A new date hiding scheme that is based a pair of unmatched orthogonal transforms has been developed. The hidden message signal is transmitted via the residual channel of two different parameterized slant transforms. The properties of residual channel of parameterized slant transforms are characterized and performance of proposed scheme have been analyzed and simulated. We also discuss on the performance of the scheme and basis selection.
Predators of citrus blackfly [Hom.: Aleyrodidae]

A 2-year survey of known whitefly predators was conducted from winter 1976 to winter 1978 in Broward County, Florida. Also, the impact of predators on citrus blackfly populations was measured under field conditions using lifetable data and predator exclusion data. In addition, feeding experiments were conducted to determine specific predators on different citrus blackfly stages.
Increasing incidence of gram‐positive sepsis in cancer patients

A review of the agents causing septicemia in cancer patients during a nine-year period (1968--76) revealed that Gram-positive organisms (especially S aureus) have become the most frequent isolates during the last two years. This unanticipated increase (P less than 0.001) in the number of Gram-positive isolates could not be related to horizontal transmission nor to changes in patient characteristics or therapy.
Virtual Barcoding using LATE-PCR and Lights-On/Lights-Off probes: identification of nematode species in a closed-tube reaction.

AbstractThe present study describes a rapid, universal, easy-to-use, closed-tube, non-sequencing method that should also be able to uniquely identify almost any animal species on earth. The approach, called Virtual Barcoding, is illustrated using five species of nematodes from three genera.Linear-After-The-Exponential (LATE) PCR was used to amplify a portion of the CO1 gene for each of five commercially available, beneficial species of soil nematodes. A set of ten low temperature Lights-On/Lights-Off consensus probes were included in the reaction mixture and were used at end-point to coat the accumulated single-stranded amplicon by dropping the temperature. Because each of the probes is mis-match tolerant, the temperature at which it hybridizes to its complementary region within the target is sequence dependent. As anticipated, each species had its own unique fluorescent signature in either three different colors, or a single color depending on which fluorophores were used to label the Lights-On probes. E...
Nutrition education research: Past, present, and future

Abstract This article presents the rationale for an in-depth look at the field of nutrition education research as the Society for Nutrition Education celebrates its twenty-fifth anniversary. Four conclusions about the current status of the field of nutrition education research are made and a cohesive introduction to the other seven articles in the issue is provided.
Slope preserving lossy terrain compression

Accurate terrain representation with appropriate preservation of important terrain characteristics, especially slope steepness, is becoming more crucial and fundamental as the geographical models are becoming more complex. Based on our earlier success with Overdetermined Laplacian Partial Differential Equations (ODETLAP), which allows for compact yet accurate compression of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), we propose a new terrain compression technique that focuses on improving slope accuracy in compression of high resolution terrain data. With high slope accuracy and a high compression ratio, this technique will help geographical applications that require a high precision in slope yet also have strict constraints on data size. Our proposed technique has the following contribution: we modify the ODETLAP system by adding slope equations for some key points picked automatically so that we can compress the elevation without explicitly storing slope values. By adding these slope equations, we can perturb the elevation in such a way that when slope is computed from the reconstructed surface, they are accurate. Note we are not storing the slope explicitly, instead we only store the elevation difference at a few locations. Since the ultimate goal is to have a compact terrain representation, encoding is also an integral part of this research. We have used Run Length Encoding (RLE) and linear prediction in the past, which gave us substantial file size reduction. In addition to that, we also propose a Minimum Spanning Tree based encoding scheme that takes advantage of the spatial correlation between selected points. On a typical test, our technique is able to achieve a 1:10 compression at the cost of 4.23 degree of RMS slope error and 3.30 meters of RMS elevation error.
Real-time Interferometer Control System Toolbox evolutionary improvements

The Real-time Interferometer Control System Toolbox (RICST) software components have been evolving for the last ten years and have been used by many optical interferometry testbeds. Most of our work in the last year has been in support of the Space Interferometry Mission. A number of improvements have been added to our toolkit in order to bring the elements of the Instrument to improved state of technological readiness.
Hyperbaric Oxygenation (OHP) in Massive Pulmonary Embolism

Massive pulmonary embolism was produced in 16 dogs using autologous blood clots. Survival rate in this group was 50 per cent. Sixteen dogs were embolized in a similar fashion and were treated with oxygen under three atmospheres absolute. The survival rate was increased to 69 per cent. The improvement in survival rate was correlated with improvement in the hemodynamic, biochemical and electrocardiographic changes.
Defining the proinflammatory phenotype using high sensitive C-reactive protein levels as the biomarker.

Context: Inflammation is pivotal in atherosclerosis. The prototypic marker of inflammation is C-reactive protein (CRP). Numerous studies have confirmed that high CRP levels in normal volunteers predict cardiovascular events. Objective: The objective of this study was to define proximal and associated abnormalities of the proinflammatory phenotype using CRP levels as the biomarker. Design and Subjects: Two groups of normal, healthy subjects, selected by stringent criteria from an initial cohort of 252, were studied over the period of 12 months. Group 1 included subjects with consistently low CRP ( 2.0 or >0.016 μm to <10 mg/liter or <0.085 μm; high CRP group; n = 13). Main Outcome Measures: Fasting blood (50 ml) was obtained, and the following parameters were assayed: high sensitivity CRP, fibrinogen, lipid profile, insulin, whole blood cytokines after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/m...
P05.07. Chronic Fatigue, Depression, and Sleep Disturbances in a 20-year-old Male Collegiate Basketball Player: A Case Report

Focus Areas: Integrative Approaches to Care, Mental Health Chronic fatigue and depression are 2 symptoms that are increasing in frequency in the offices of physicians. Many of these individuals need obvious dietary and lifestyle changes as primary management. In contrast, this case report illustrates a 20-year-old male collegiate basketball player suffering from chronic fatigue, depression, and abnormal sleep patterns. This patient was being treated by a specialty physician group with the diagnoses of chronic fatigue syndrome and overtraining syndrome. The patient was under the care of the same physician group at the time of his initial visit to a chiropractic physician that specialized in functional medicine. Adrenal stress panel showed that the patient was in second-stage adrenal syndrome. Pathological gastrointestinal testing revealed Helicobacter pylori, Giardia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium parvum infections. Heavy metal toxicity of lead and mercury also were present in this individual. Abnormal amino acid levels were seen when evaluating organic cation transporter (OCT2) status. In addition to changing to an ancestral diet and recommending a core multivitamin, antioxidant, and essential fatty acid supplementation, other personalized recommendations were given to the patient according to the results of the functional labs. The patient was given recommended specific dosages of DHEA, licorice root, pregnenlone to reduce adrenal syndrome; botanical antimicrobial and antiparasitic supplementation; additional nutrients and silymarin to reduce heavy metal toxicity; and a protocols of 5-HTP and tyrosine to restore proper OCT2 function to presynaptic nerves. After treatment, the patient experienced restoration of normal sleep patterns and elimination of his depression and chronic fatigue and was able to exercise and maintain a normal lifestyle. This case showed that uncommon patient populations can suffer from chronic fatigue secondary to subclinical infections regardless of apparent health status and also that functional analysis of the organ systems of adrenal, gastrointestinal, and detoxification can assist in complex cases.
The Yield of Edible Meat from Turkeys, Ducklings, and Different Market Classes of Chickens

Abstract IT HAS always been a problem of producers, distributors, and consumers to determine the economy of various meats offered for sale. Poultry meats have become more important to our eating habits with recurring periods of “red meat” shortages and high prices. A “year round” supply of young, rapidly grown, domesticated fowls is now available to the consumer on many markets. Experiments have been conducted at the University of Illinois in which the dressing percentages, New York and eviscerated, and the percentages of edible meat (lean, fat, skin and giblets) were determined for five market classes of grade A chickens (Brown and Bean, 1950) and with nine week old White Pekin ducklings (Broadbent and Bean, 1951a). Similar work has been done elsewhere with turkeys. A compilation of this material has been made (Broadbent and Bean, 1951b). The birds of these three species were handled in a similar manner. They were given . . .
Hardware implementation for scalable lookahead Regular Expression detection

Regular Expressions (RegExes) are widely used in various applications to identify strings of text. Their flexibility, however, increases the complexity of the detection system and often limits the detection speed as well as the total number of RegExes that can be detected using limited resources. The two classical detection methods, Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) and Non-Deterministic Finite Automaton (NFA), have the potential problems of prohibitively large memory requirements and a large number of concurrent operations, respectively. Although recent schemes addressing these problems to improve DFA and NFA are promising, they are inherently limited by their scalability, since they follow the state transition model in DFA and NFA, where the state transitions occur per each character of the input. We recently proposed a scalable RegEx detection system called Lookahead Finite Automata (LaFA) to solve these problems with three novel ideas: 1. Provide specialized and optimized detection modules to increase resource utilizations. 2. Systematically reordering the RegEx detection sequence to reduce number of concurrent operations. 3. Sharing states among automata for different RegExes to reduce resource requirements. In this paper, we propose an efficient hardware architecture and prototype design implementation based on LaFA. Our proof-of-concept prototype design is built on a fraction of a single commodity Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip and can accommodate up to twenty-five thousand (25k) RegExes. Using only 7% of the logic area and 25% of the memory on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FX100, the prototype design can achieve 2-Gbps (gigabits-per-second) detection throughput with only one detection engine. We estimate that 34-Gbps detection throughput can be achieved if the entire resources of a state-of-the-art FPGA chip are used to implement multiple detection engines.
A LIGHT-ACTIVATED DNA-BINDING FACTOR STIMULATES TRANSCRIPTION OF THE RRNA OPERON IN THE CYANOBACTERIUM SYNECHOCOCCUS SP. PCC 6301

In Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 6301, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis occurs at specific times during the growth cycle in the light. When light-grown cultures are placed in the dark, rRNA synthesis and cell division stop abruptly. It is shown here that a partially purified DNA-binding protein binds downstream of the rRNA operon (rrnA) P1 promoter in the light but not in the dark. When the DNA binding protein is added to in␣vitro transcription assays, run-off transcripts are produced in the light but not, under dark conditions. The results indicate that a light-activated regulatory molecule is involved in stimulating rRNA synthesis during the normal cell growth cycle of Synechococcus in the light.
Vinorelbine combined with a protracted course of temozolomide for recurrent brain Metastases: a phase I trial

Temozolomide (TMZ) has shown modest efficacy in the treatment of recurrent brain metastasis (BM). We designed a new regimen utilizing dose-intensified, protracted course of TMZ in combination with vinorelbine, a lipophilic large-spectrum agent, in an attempt to improve the efficacy of TMZ. This phase I study was conducted to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of vinorelbine for this combination. Patients with recurrent or progressive BM were eligible. Chemotherapy consisted of 28-day cycles with TMZ (150 mg/m2, days 1–7 and 15–21) and vinorelbine (days one and eight at escalating doses). The starting dose was 15 mg/m2, with increments of 5 mg/m2 for each cohort of 3–6 patients, until MTD was reached (30 mg/m2). A total of 21 patients were enrolled; the median age was 59 (41–77). The primary tumor was lung cancer in 13 patients (NSCLC in 10, SCLC in 3), breast in 6, renal in 1 and endometrial in 1. Vinorelbine dose was 15 mg/m2 in seven patients, 20 mg/m2 in five, 25 mg/m2 in four and 30 mg/m2 in six. Grades 3 and 4 neutropenia developed in six patients, lymphopenia in nine, and thrombocytopenia in six; other toxicities were rare. No dose-limiting toxicity was seen. Out of 18 evaluable patients 2 had a radiographic response (one partial and one minor). Disease was stable in 6 of 18 patients and the median survival was 27 weeks. This regimen was well tolerated and a phase II trial using a dose of 30 mg/m2 of vinorelbine is warranted.
Larval Development of Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an Endoparasitoid of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

The koinobiont endoparasitoid Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam & Agarwal) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an imported biological control agent being released in Florida against the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae). The eggs and early larvae were found free floating within the hemocoel. Larvae were soft bodied with no observable hairs, bristles, or external appendages, such as anal vesicles, in any instar. By the third instar, larvae had begun attaching to nymphal tissues by anal secretions that provided a means of orienting within the host nymph. The penultimate and last-instar larvae were found with their posterior anchored in the head-thoracic region of the host with their head oriented toward the posterior of the host nymph. Before the beginning of the prepupal stage, the host nymph was turned into a mummy and glued to a plant surface, apparently requiring some secretions from the wasp larva. Development from oviposition to adult eclosion of D. aligarhensis took ≈16 d at 25°C when oviposition occurred in second-through early fourth-instar nymphs, although this time was shortened by 4 d (25%) when the wasps oviposited in mid-fourth-instar D. citri nymphs. This reduction in developmental time did not affect wasp fertility or life span and may offer a significant approach to improved rearing of this wasp for augmentative releases to control the Asian citrus psyllid.
A 10∶1 bandwidth textile-based conformal spiral antenna with integrated planar balun

We present a novel wideband conformal slot spiral based on embroidered electrically conductive fibers (e-fibers). Such e-fibers are composed of high strength and flexible Zylon core covered with a 2~3 μm metallic coating. Using these e-fibers, highly conductive textile surfaces were precisely fabricated using computerized embroidery machinery. A unique aspect of the proposed conductive textiles is their inherent mechanical flexibility over traditional metals, in addition to their low electrical loss. A textile-based slot spiral was fabricated and shown to achieve a 10:1 bandwidth from 300 to 3000 MHz with near consistent circularly polarized gain of 5 dBi over the band. Such performance has never before been achieved using textile antennas, and/or flexible surfaces. As such, software radios and wideband beamforming can be achieved using antennas woven into clothing or embroidered into non-planar surfaces of any shape and detail.
Interdependence in Media Economics: Ethical Implications of the Economic Characteristics of News

Citizens need accurate news to govern themselves effectively in a democratic society. Journalists argue editorial independence is necessary to ensure that the integrity of news is not compromised. However, the economic characteristics of news create conflicts between the ideal of independence and the need to pay production costs. This study analyzes those conflicts and the economic tools for resolving them. The analysis suggests ways to balance independence and economic necessity without violating mutual ethical obligations shared by journalists, audiences, and advertisers. Independence, along with a good budget, tends to make for quality journalism. —Michael Wolff, The Man Who Owns the News (p. 225)
Electron spin-echo studies of hydrogen- and gadolinium-doped calcium fluoride

Investigation of relaxation phenomena using two-pulse and three-pulse electron spin-echo technique was carried out on hydrogen- and gadolinium-doped single-crystal calcium fluoride. Measurements were made on calcium-fluoride crystals singly doped with ${\mathrm{H}}^{0}$ and ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ and doubly doped with both ${\mathrm{H}}^{0}$ as well as ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$. Echo decay functions and phase memory times were determined in the 1.2-2.2 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K temperature range. The results are interpreted using existing theories of electron spin-echo decay. A discussion of the results and of deviations from theories is presented. Three-pulse spin-echo decay measurements are also used to determine the spinlattice relaxation time of spins in the $\frac{5}{2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}\frac{3}{2}{\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ cubic line in Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$.
Probing surface structure via time-of-escape analysis of gas in Knudsen regime

Abstract Continuing the study begun in [Feres, R., Yablonsky, G., 2004. Knudsen's cosine law and random billiards. Chemical Engineering Science 59, 1541–1556], we consider transport in the Knudsen regime of inert gases through straight channels and investigate how small-scale surface geometry of a macroscopically flat channel affects the diffusion characteristics of the gas. We show that the diffusivity constant contains information about the surface micro-geometry. Our investigation is carried out partly by analytical means and also through numerical simulation of what we call time-of-escape experiment . This is a type of multi-scattering experiment that measures the mean residence time in channels of varying lengths, allowing for an analysis of the transport process at various stages of development. We focus attention on the smoothness constant ξ = D / D 0 , defined as the ratio of diffusivity for a given micro-geometry, D , and diffusivity D 0 under “ideal roughness,” i.e., under the assumption that the Knudsen cosine law holds at each collision. The dependence of ξ on small-scale surface morphology is investigated using a variety of parametrized families of micro-geometries. We show that ξ can tell the presence of certain geometric features, such as curvature or sharp angles at the microscopic level. For example, for a simple two-dimensional model of atomically smooth surface made of a linear packing of spheres of radius R probed by gas molecules of radius A (Fig. 6), we obtain the approximate relation ξ ∝ 1 + A / R , with a proportionality constant of roughly 1.3. (See Section 2 for the range of parameters considered.) This relates to rapid diffusion phenomena recently observed by [Holt, J.K., Park, H.G., Wang, Y., Stadermann, M., Artyukhin, A.B., Grigoropoulos, C.P., Noy, A., Bakajin, O., 2006. Fast mass transport through sub-2-nanometer carbon nanotubes. Science 312, (1034)]. In the classical collision model of Maxwell–Smoluchowski, with no detailed regard of surface geometry, one always has ξ ⩾ 1 , but we observe that ξ can sometimes be less than 1 (Section 2.5). We obtain exact values for the mean number and duration of collisions as function of the micro-geometry (Section 3). This is needed to determine the relative importance of these quantities on diffusivity. We also extend the analysis of the scattering operator of random billiards of [Feres, R., Yablonsky, G., 2004. Knudsen's cosine law and random billiards. Chemical Engineering Science 59, 1541–1556] by giving a general criterion for the validity of Knudsen's cosine law, and describe some of the spectral properties of this operator.
p + p → d + π+ reaction at 0.8 GeV

Abstract Differential cross sections and polarization asymmetries for the reaction p + p → d + π + have been measured at 0.8 GeV. The data has been analyzed within the formalism of Mandl and Regge and the results are compared with the recent coupled channel calculations of Niskanen. It is concluded that at this energy the production of upto f-wave pions is important.
The accelerator-based mass spectrometry of methane*

Accelerator-based Mass Spectrometric (AMS) methods have not been generally applied to the analysis of molecular species because of difficulties with ion sources and the fact that tandem accelerators are not generally applicable. A method has been developed to measure the abundance of fully deuterated methanes, 13 CD 4 and 12 CD 4 , in normal methane by using AMS. A low-energy electron bombardment ion source has been coupled to a single-ended electrostatic accelerator to produce positively charged molecular ions. The ions are accelerated, mass selected, and then dissociated into fragments that are detected by nuclear particle detection methods. In this way information about the composition of the original molecule, as well as the mass, is obtained. Measurements on natural neon, 12 CH 4 , 12 CD 4 , and 13 CD 4 have been made, and new approaches to the stabilization of accelerator voltage and isotopic abundance calibration are presented. Possible applications for analysis of other molecules not easily measured with conventional AMS are considered.
An empirical study of the role of magnetic, geometric, and tissue properties on the turning radius of magnetically driven screws

Previous work in the open-loop behavior of magnetically driven screws in soft tissue has focused on the impact of magnetic field rotation speed and pitch angle, measured between the field's rotation axis and the screw's principle axis, on the average magnetic torque, both in-plane and out-of-plane. However, prior work did not rigorously consider the role of screw geometry and tissue material properties on the resulting trajectory. This study seeks to develop a plausible empirical model from experimental measurements in an agar gel tissue phantom for use in further research and feasibility studies of magnetic screws for in vivo applications. Non-dimensional parameters representing rotation speed, pitch angle, screw size, magnetic strength, and tissue stiffness are varied orthogonally. Circular trajectories are fitted to the resulting recorded trajectories. Using physical insight and observation of the trends of the non-dimensional turning radius/curvature, simple models for each parameter group are proposed. A final empirical model is then proposed to unify the individual models.
Development of purkinje cell somatic spines in the weaver mouse.

The cerebellar cortices of weaver mice and their normal littermates ranging in age from six to thirteen days after birth were examined with the electron microscope. The initial development of spines, both somatic and dendritic, are the same in both the weaver and its normal littermates despite the extreme paucity of parallel fibers in the former.
Gonadectomy and ovarian (spleen) grafts and growth of normal male and female mice.

SummaryThis project has been supported in part by funds from the Division of Research Grants and Fellowships of the U. S. Public Health Service and by research grants from Indiana University Graduate School administered by Doctor R. T. Hill.Castrated male mice grew at a slower rate than their normal controls, while the spayed females grew faster than their normal controls. The removal of the gonads reduced the sex difference in body weight. Those animals bearing grafts of ovaries also grew at a faster rate than their normal controls, the difference being significant at the 1% point. Although their growth curve approximated that of the spayed animals, at no time did it exceed it. The growth curve assumed by the weights of the grafted female mice did not parallel that of either the normal males or the castrated males. The differences in the body weight of the grafted females compared with the normal males and the castrated males were significant at the 1% level, the males being heavier in both cases.
Hierarchical Design for Fabricating Cost‐Effective High Performance Supercapacitors

The salient feature of a supercapacitor is its ability to deliver much higher power density than a battery. A hierarchical design and a cost-effective approach to fabricate high performance supercapacitors using functional carbon nano-particles is reported. A special arc synthesis method is used to produce amorphous/crystalline composite with nitrogen and boron co-doped high charge density carbon nanoparticles. Upon etch removal of the amorphous phase in the composite nanoparticle, a crystalline carbon framework emerges, consisting of a mixture of nano-graphitic sheets mostly in the middle and single nanohorns distributed around the surface of the nanoparticle. These nanoparticles have large internal/external surfaces with subnano channels and sharp nano-tips for high speed charge transport and local charge accumulation. To deliver high power density, the internal resistance of the device is reduced by assembling the nanoparticles via electro-spraying and compacting them into dense films (without any binder) under 700 MPa of pressure before supercapacitor assembly. Taken together, the hierarchical processed supercapacitor has a very high (compared to literature values) power density of nearly 4.5 kW cm−3 and a respectable energy density of 2.45 mWh cm−3. Combining these carbon nanoparticles with large area spraying coating, it can lead to a cost-effective production of high performance supercapacitors.