cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of anxiety phenotypes with risk of depression and suicidal ideation in community youth.

Background Anxiety symptoms are common in adolescence and are often considered developmentally benign. Yet for some, anxiety presents with serious comorbid nonanxiety psychopathology. Early identification of such "malignant" anxiety presentations is a major challenge. We aimed to characterize anxiety symptoms suggestive of risk for depression and suicidal ideation (SI) in community youths. Methods Cross-sectional associations were evaluated in community youths (n = 7,054, mean age: 15.8) who were assessed for anxiety, depression, and SI. We employed factor and latent class analyses to identify anxiety clusters and subtypes. Longitudinal risk of anxiety was evaluated in a subset of 330 youths with longitudinal data on depression and SI (with baseline mean age of 12.3 years and follow-up mean age of 16.98 years). Outcomes Almost all (92%) adolescents reported anxiety symptoms. Data-driven approaches revealed anxiety factors and subtypes that were differentially associated with depression and SI. Cross-sectional analyses revealed that panic and generalized anxiety symptoms show the most robust associations with depression and SI. Longitudinal, multivariate analyses revealed that panic symptoms during early adolescence, not generalized anxiety symptoms, predict depression and SI for later adolescent years, particularly in males. Interpretation Anxiety is common in youths, with certain symptom clusters/subtypes predicting risk for depression and SI. Panic symptoms in early adolescence, even below disorder threshold, predict high risk for late adolescent depression and SI.
Heterogeneity in lobar and near-acini deposition of inhaled aerosol in the mouse lung

Abstract Laboratory animals are often used to derive health risk from environmental exposure or to assess the therapeutic effect of a drug delivered by inhaled therapy. Knowledge of the in-situ distribution of deposited particles on airway and alveolar surfaces is essential in any assessment of these effects. A unique database including both high-resolution lung anatomy and deposition data in four strains of laboratory mice have been recently made publicly available to the research community ( https://doi.org/10.25820/9arg-9w56 ). Using these data, we investigated the effect of particle size on the distribution of deposited particles at the lobar and near-acini level. Analysis was performed on a total of 33 mice where 3, 16 and 14 animals were exposed to 0.5 μm, 1 μm and 2 μm particles, respectively. Ratio of normalized deposition to normalized volume was calculated for each lobe ( D V l o b e ). At the near-acini level, the skew and standard deviation of the frequency distribution of particle deposition were calculated. Significant deviation above 1 was found for DV ratio in the cranial lobe ( D V C r a n i a l ). D V M i d d l e , D V C a u d a l and D V A c c e s s o r y were all significantly D V l e f t (p
Concept of forge application under effect of friction time for AISI 316 using friction welding process

Present study describes the effect of forge application under consideration of friction time on metallurgical and mechanical properties of friction welded joint for AISI 316. Direct drive friction welding (DDFW) has been utilized to obtain welded joints. Three friction times (6.5 s, 8.5 s and 10 s) with two directions for this study were used; the first direction was achieved by forge phase elimination and the second was performed under forge phase application. Macro-microstructure for welded joint, microhardness across the axial direction, tensile tests and tensile fracture morphology were investigated. As a conclusion, flash formation was decreased about 30% without forge compared to forge application. Thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) was extended in 8 mm at the interface without forge and highly plastically deformed zone (HPDZ) can be found at the interface after forge application. At shorter friction time for the two directions, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and ductility were revealed closer to AISI 316. Hence, all tensile fractures were occurred adjacent to the interface at TMAZ, except in the shorter friction time after in forge application, the fracture was happened at the base metal, and that was confirmed with the fracture morphology which has the same character of AISI 316.
Daily temperature observations in Florence at the mid-eighteenth century: the Martini series (1756–1775)

In the framework of the meteorological observations in Florence after the Medici Network (1654–1670), the earliest surviving record by Pietro Gaetano Grifoni (1751–1766) was followed and partially overlapped by the temperature series by Luca Martini (1756–1775), which has been recovered from different sources and analyzed in this paper. Martini series should be divided in two periods, the turning year being 1765, when he changed house, still in Florence. A critical data analysis and the comparison with the Grifoni contemporary series in Florence clarify the thermometric liquid and scale used in the different periods. The reconstruction of the 1756–1775 daily average temperatures is carried out here following a methodology that includes the conversion from the apparent solar time to the Central Europe Time; the transformation from single/double readings to a daily average; the analysis of the hourly temperature variation during the calendar year in the 1961–1990 reference period in Florence; the test made with the snow benchmark; and the correction of the bias due to the local microclimate in the first period. The final series (1751–1775) has been composed combining Grifoni and Martini observations, covers one quarter of the eighteenth century, and constitutes the only surviving outdoor temperature record in Florence. The comparison with other periods from the mid-seventeenth to the early-twenty-first century confirms that in the mid-eighteenth century, the temperature reached the lowest levels and that a marked warming has characterized the most recent decades. Information on the pre-industrial climatology in Florence can be useful for climatic change study.
Development and implementation of a virtual Lupus Patient Education Event during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During routine patient visits, we are frequently met with time and resource constraints making it difficult to provide optimal counselling, consultation with other care team members, and answers to patient questions and concerns. This is particularly true when seeing patients with SLE. With its heterogeneity of symptoms, multi-organ involvement and complex medication regimens, SLE is a difficult disease for patients to navigate and engage in effective self-management. Given the limitations of counselling and patient education in a typical clinic visit, in conjunction with patients who expressed a desire to learn more about their disease, we developed the first annual Lupus Patient Education Event in 2011. Patient education interventions decrease hospitalisations, reduce visits to emergency departments and improve patient quality of life.1–3 Patient education is an important component of health literacy, defined as the degree to which individuals have “the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions”.4 The Paasche-Orlow and Wolf Model includes patient knowledge and health education in the causal pathways between health literacy and health outcomes.5 Because low health literacy is associated with worse clinical outcomes in other chronic diseases, improving delivery of patient education in lupus may help increase disease understanding and self-management, resulting in better health outcomes. The Lupus Patient Education Event serves as an opportunity for …
The Royal Game of Ur: Virtual Reality Prototype of the Board Game Played in Ancient Mesopotamia

We present a virtual reality implementation of the "Royal Game of Ur", an ancient board game played by the people of Akkadian empire since around 3000 BC. The game’s rules recently deciphered from the cuneiform’s tablets have been implemented using MinMax approach with alpha-beta pruning optimization, allowing for a highly competitive game-play against even the most skilled human players. The game utilizes freehand interaction and, experimentally, a brain computer interface to roll the dice and move the pieces.
Teacher Responsiveness that Promotes Equity in Secondary Science Classrooms

This study aims to deepen our understanding of teaching, specifically the role of teachers’ responsiveness in promoting equity in secondary science teaching. To build a conceptual argument—that tea...
On Realizing Stateful FaaS in Serverless Edge Networks: State Propagation

In this paper, we address the problem of supporting chains of stateful function invocations following a Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) model in edge networks. In particular we focus on the problem of data transfer, which can be a performance bottleneck due to the limited speed of communication links in some edge scenarios, such as wide-area Internet of Things (IoT) networks, and we propose three different solutions: a pure FaaS implementation, StateProp, i.e., propagation of the application state throughout the entire chain of functions, and StateLocal, i.e., a solution where the state is kept local to the workers that run functions and retrieved only as needed. We show via simulation that StateLocal, by applying the data locality principle, can significantly enhance the performance by reducing the application delay due to data transfer and keeping a lower traffic volume in the network. This study sheds light on some aspects within the unexplored area of stateful FaaS, which is very promising among the edge computing technologies and has several open research directions associated.
Structural chemistry of fungal polysaccharides.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structural chemistry of the polysaccharides and glycoproteins of fungal origin. The organisms considered are of the phylum Eumycophyta; this includes the classes Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes. The Myxomyceteae include the slime molds, which are not generally recognized to be true fungi, having an amebic assimilative stage. The feature of fungal polysaccharides that is most striking to the chemist is that relatively few of them are structurally similar to polysaccharides from other natural sources. Structural knowledge of fungal polymers can be of aid in such fields as taxonomy, immunochemistry, biosynthesis of polysaccharides, and enzymolysis of polysaccharides. In the commercial area, polysaccharides that form viscous solutions have many potential uses, especially as plant–gum substitutes.
Limitations of the Upward Separation Technique (Preliminary Version)

The upward separation technique was developed by Hartmanis, who used it to show that E=NE iff there is no sparse set in NP-P [Ha-83a]. This paper shows some inherent limitations of the technique. The main result of this paper is the construction of an oracle relative to which there are extremely sparse sets in NP-P, but NEE = EE; this is in contradiction to a result claimed in [Ha-83, HIS-85]. Thus, although the upward separation technique is useful in relating the existence of sets of polynomial (and greater) density in NP-P to the NTIME(T(n)) = DTIME(T(n)) problem, the existence of sets of very low density in NP-P can not be shown to have any bearing on this problem until proof techniques are developed which do not relativize.
Abstract 15481: Abrogation of Senescence-associated Microrna-195 in Aged Skeletal Myoblasts Facilitates Reprogramming to Produce Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Background: Older age is the major risk factors for heart failure, and reprogramming a patient’s own cells to produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a promising strategy for autologous cell transplantation therapy. However, low reprogramming efficiency of senescent cells remains as a major pitfall. Recently, we have shown that inhibition of senescence-associated miR-195 rejuvenated aged stem cells by reactivating telomerase reverse transcriptase (Tert). This study investigated the effects of abrogation of miR-195 expression on the reprogramming efficiency of old skeletal myoblasts (OSkMs). Methods and Results: MiR-195 expression was significantly higher in OSkMs isolated from aged mice (24 months) as compared to SkMs from young mice (2 months), as examined by RT-PCR. In addition, OSkMs showed impaired expression of anti-aging factors (Tert and Sirt1) and higher expression of pro-aging markers (p53, p21, p16). Intriguingly, blockage of miR-195 expression in OSkMs by transfection with anti-miR-195 significantly induced expression of Tert and Sirt1 as well as telomere re-lengthening as examined by RT-PCR and quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). It is important to note that lower reprogramming efficiency of OSkMs was improved by miR-195 abrogation. Notably, inhibition of miR-195 did not alter karyotype or expression of pluripotency markers, and iPSCs lacking miR-195 successfully differentiated into all three germ layers, indicating that deletion of miR-195 does not affect pluripotency. Furthermore, contraction rates were markedly higher in beating cells transfected with anti-miR-195 as compared to that with scramble (68.5±5.6 vs 47.3±2.8/min). Conclusions: Abrogation of age-induced miR-195 is a novel promising approach for efficient iPSCs generation from senescent cells, which will contribute to successful autologous transplantation therapy in elderly patients.
Towards an approach for automatically repairing compromised network systems

The widely accepted method to repair a compromised system is to wipe the system clean and reinstall. We think that there may be alternative methods. Specifically, we envision systems that are capable of automatically recovering from system compromises. Our proposed approach is a repair agent that resides in an isolated area on the system. We use a virtual machine approach to isolate the repair agent. The repair agent should roll back any undesirable changes, determine the point of entry, and prevent further compromise.
A note about weak ε-nets for axis-parallel boxes in d-space

We show the existence of weak @e-nets of size O(1/@eloglog(1/@e)) for point sets and axis-parallel boxes in R^d, for d>=4. Our analysis uses a non-trivial variant of the recent technique of Aronov et al. (2009) [3] that yields (strong) @e-nets, whose size have the above asymptotic bound, for d=2,3.
Segmented mismatch-shaping D/A conversion

Tree-structured mismatch-shaping DACs have recently been used as enabling components in state-of-the-art /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADCs to suppress signal-band error arising from mismatches among fabricated DAC components. This paper presents a segmented version of the encoder with significantly reduced hardware complexity. The segmented architecture follows from a result that any digital encoder for which the output values sum to the input value can be implemented using a tree-structured encoder.
Advanced CIGS Photovoltaic Technology: Annual Technical Report, 15 November 2001-14 November 2002

Energy Photovoltaics, Inc. (EPV) has consistently pursued a vacuum-based approach to CIGS production, using novel linear-source technology and standard soda-lime glass substrates. It has also chosen to develop processing methods with worker safety in mind. These choices result in layers having controllable purity and low physical defects, and production without significant hazards. Considerations such as these are important in helping to minimize the processing costs of CIGS. Technically, thin-film PV technologies have advanced considerably in the last few years. EPV successfully produced high-quality 0.43m2 Mo-coated glass substrates that, when cut, enabled NREL to produce 17.1% CIGS cells on such substrates. EPV successfully used novel linear evaporative sources for supply of Cu, In, Ga, and Se to form CIGS on 0.43m2 substrates, producing modules with Voc's of up to 37 V. A new approach to buffer-layer deposition was pioneered through synthesis of the compound ZnIn2Se4 and its use as a source material. In addition, the current generated in exploratory a-Si/a-Si/CIGS stacked devices was increased from 6 to 13 mA/cm2. Supporting these programs, EPV's upgraded analytical laboratories provided rapid in-house feedback concerning material and device properties. The objective of this subcontract is to develop and assemble the various pieces of new technologymore » that EPV considers essential for cost-effective production of CIGS modules. The long-term objective of the Thin Film PV Partnership Program is to demonstrate low-cost, reproducible modules of 15% aperture-area efficiency.« less
Automated specification analysis using an interactive theorem prover

A method for analyzing designs and their specifications is presented. The method makes essential use of an interactive theorem prover, but is fully automatic. Given a design and a specification, the method returns one of three possible answers. It can report that the design does not satisfy the specification, in which case a concrete counterexample is provided. It can report that the design does satisfy the specification, in which case a formal proof to that effect is provided. If neither of these cases hold, then a summary of the analysis is reported. We have implemented and experimentally validated the method in ACL2s, the ACL2 Sedan.
Software Architectural Alternatives for User Role-Based Security Policies

Security concerned users and organizations must be provided with the means to protect and control access to object-oriented software, especially with an exploding interest in designing/developing object-oriented software in Java, C++, and Ada95. Our user-role based security (URBS) approach has emphasized: a customizable public interface that appears differently at different times for specific users; security policy specification via a role hierarchy to organize and assign privileges based on responsibilities; and, extensible/reusable URBS enforcement mechanisms. This paper expands our previous work in URBS for an object-oriented framework by exploring software architectural alternatives for realizing enforcement, with the support of assurance and consistency as a key concern for security policies that evolve and change.
Critical spacecraft-to-Earth communications for Mars Exploration Rover (MER) entry, descent and landing

For planetary lander missions, the most challenging phase of the spacecraft to ground communications is during the entry, descent, and landing (EDL). As each 2003 Mars Exploration Rover (MER) enters the Martian atmosphere, it slows dramatically. The extreme acceleration and jerk cause extreme Doppler dynamics on the X-band signal received on Earth. When the vehicle slows sufficiently, the parachute is deployed, causing almost a step in deceleration. After parachute deployment, the lander is lowered beneath the parachute on a bridle. The swinging motion of the lander imparts high Doppler dynamics on the signal and causes the received signal strength to vary widely, due to changing antenna pointing angles. All this time, the vehicle transmits important health and status information that is especially critical if the landing is not successful. Even using the largest Deep Space Network antennas, the weak signal and high dynamics render it impossible to conduct reliable phase coherent communications. Therefore, a specialized form of frequency-shift-keying must be used. This paper describes the EDL scenario, the signal conditions, the methods used to detect and frequency-track the carrier and to detect the data modulation, and the resulting performance estimates.
Coexistence of intestinal Kaposi sarcoma and plasmablastic lymphoma in an HIV/AIDS patient: case report and review of the literature

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS) is associated with increased risk for various malignancies including Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and lymphoma. We report a rare case of coexistence of KS and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in a HIV/AIDS patient. A brief review of literature is also presented.
Fatty acid metabolism, conformational change, and electron transfer in cytochrome P-450BM-3

Abstract Crystal structure-based mutagenesis studies on cytochrome P-450BM-3 have confirmed the importance of R47, Y51, and F87 in substrate binding. Replacing F87 has profound effects on regioselectivity. In contrast, changing either R47 or Y51 alone to other residues results in limited impact on substrate binding affinity. Mutating both, however, leads to large changes. Substrate-induced protein conformational changes not only lead to specific substrate binding in the heme domain, but also affect interactions with the FMN domain. Unlike the microsomal P-450 reductase, the FMN semiquinone is the active electron donor to the heme iron in P-450BM-3. The crystal structure of P-450BM-3 heme/FMN bidomain provides important insights into why the FMN semiquinone is the preferred electron donor to the heme as well as how substrate-induced structural changes possibly affect the FMN and heme domain-domain interaction.
Calibrated finger rub auditory screening test (CALFRAST)

Background: Determination of auditory function is a fundamental part of a complete neurologic examination. Disability from permanent hearing loss is common in the general population. Current bedside auditory tests are unreliable and cumbersome. We evaluated the calibrated finger rub auditory screening test (CALFRAST) as a routine diagnostic tool. Methods: The sound spectrum and mean peak intensities of standard finger rub were measured, as well as background noise. CALFRAST overlapped the frequency spectrum of normal speech. Patients and companions were recruited from a neurology clinic. With arms extended, two stimulus intensities were presented: strong finger rub (CALFRAST–Strong 70) and the faintest rub that the examiner could hear (CALFRAST–Faint 70). With subjects’ eyes closed, each ear’s CALFRAST threshold was ascertained and then compared with its audiometric measure. The normal threshold was considered to be 25 dB. Validity, reliability, and discrimination abilities were obtained using standard methods. Results: Two hundred twenty-one subjects (442 ears; 58% women) were examined. Ages ranged from 18 to 88 years, with a mean of 46 years. Eighty-five subjects (39%) had some degree of hearing loss. Both specificity and positive predictive value of CALFRAST–Strong 70 were 100%. Both sensitivity and negative predictive value of CALFRAST–Faint 70 were 99%, with a negative likelihood ratio 0.8. Subjects’ self-assessment of hearing was unreliable. Conclusion: The calibrated finger rub auditory screening test (CALFRAST) is simple, accurate, inexpensive, and reliable. As a routine screening tool, CALFRAST may contribute to more efficient identification of auditory impairment.
Factors associated with condom use among at-risk women students and nonstudents seen in managed care.

Objectives. Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) research has focused on high-risk populations such as STD clinic patients and college students. This report examines predictors of unprotected sex among nonstudent women seen in primary care. Study design. Data are taken from the baseline survey of an intervention trial testing tailored print materials to encourage condom use. Population. Eligible women were identified from automated databases of two managed care organizations and were ages 18-25 unmarried heterosexually active in the prior 6 months and not in a long-term monogamous relationship. Outcomes. The frequency of and relative contribution of risk behaviors to occurrences of unprotected vaginal sex were compared among non-full-time students (n = 711) and full-time students (n = 390). Results. STD risk behaviors were prevalent and had similar associations with unprotected sex in both subsamples. Older age using hormonal or no usual contraception and having a “primary” partner increased unprotected sex; partner approval of condoms and having bought or carried condoms decreased unprotected sex. Conclusion. While sexually active single women seen in primary care perceive themselves at low STD risk their risk profiles are similar to those of higher risk populations. Clinic-based interventions that include proactive identification of at-risk women and systems for encouraging safer sex practices are needed.
Spontaneous generation of plasmons by ballistic electrons.

A beam of ballistic electrons moving with a velocity of about twice the Fermi velocity (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{7}$ cm/s) with respect to a stationary electron gas is shown to lead to a spontaneous generation of plasmons.
Lysophosphatidic Acid Induction of Neuronal Apoptosis and Necrosis

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) elicits a unique response in primary hippocampal neurons and sympathetic neuron-like cells, PC12 cells differentiated with nerve growth factor; LPA is cytotoxic. Treatment of rat hippocampal neurons with 50 microM LPA resulted in necrosis, as determined morphologically and by release of lactate dehydrogenase. Lower concentrations of LPA, 0.1, and 1 microM, induced neuronal apoptosis, as assessed by chromatin condensation, annexin V binding, TUNEL staining, and the caspase sensitivity of these events. In addition, 10 and 25 microM LPA induced apoptosis of PC12 cells. In order to define intracellular events associated with this neuronal apoptosis, protective agents were identified. Neurons and PC12 cells were protected against LPA-induced apoptosis by pretreatment with the antioxidant, propyl gallate, or with nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. PC12 cells were protected by insulin and insulin-like growth-factor-1 treatment. There is also evidence for mitochondrial participation in LPA-mediated apoptosis, including cyclosporin A-mediated protection. Thus, LPA-induced neuronal apoptosis is associated with mitochondrial alterations, the generation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, and protection by pretreatment with a serum constituent, insulin-like growth factor 1.
DELINEATING SHOPPERS OF LIVE SEAFOOD IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

The study assessed the decisions of shoppers of live seafood and the influence of various factors using a latent class probit model in the Midwestern United States.The results suggest the presence of heterogeneity among shoppers and the existence of two groups of shoppers. One group that could be best described as “traditional shoppers” made purchase decisions that were influenced by their ethnic cultural heritage traditions and economic considerations. Product appearance and weekly frequency of purchase were not important variables that influenced the decisions of this group of shoppers. The second group that could be described as “occasional shoppers” purchased live seafood less frequently, mainly in spring/summer. Long-distance travel to shop and the importance of product appearance were factors that affected occasional shoppers in their purchase decisions of live fish/shellfish. For the occasional buyers of live seafood, quality appears to be more important in their decision-making process than econom...
STUDIES ON THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM : III. ITS FORM AND DISTRIBUTION IN STRIATED MUSCLE CELLS

Several types of striated muscle have been examined by the technics of electron microscopy and the findings in myotome fibers of Amblystoma larvae, the sartorius, and cardiac muscle of the rat are reported on in some detail. Particular attention has been given to structural components of the interfibrillar sarcoplasm and most especially to a finely divided, vacuolar system known as the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This consists of membrane-limited vesicles, tubules, and cisternae associated in a continuous reticular structure which forms lace-like sleeves around the myofibrils. It shows a definable organization which repeats with each sarcomere of the fiber so that the entire system is segmented in phase with the striations of the associated myofibrils. Details of these repetitive patterns are presented diagrammatically in Text-figs. 1, 2, and 3 on pages 279, 283, and 288 respectively. The system is continuous across the fiber at the H band level and largely discontinuous longitudinally because of interruptions in the structure at the I and Z band levels. The structure of the system relates it to the endoplasmic reticulum of other cell types. The precise morphological relation of the reticulum to the myofibrils, with specializations opposite the different bands, prompts the supposition that the system is functionally important in muscle contraction. In this regard it is proposed that the membrane limiting the system is polarized like the sarcolemma and that the corresponding potential difference is utilized in the intracellular distribution of the excitatory impulse.
Enlargement and sculpturing of a small and deformed glans.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We present 2 techniques of enhancement and sculpturing of a small and/or deformed glans.Materials and Methods: The small glans in primary or re-do hypospadias repair was enhanced by longitudinal double-faced island flaps incorporated onto the ventral side of the glans between the glans wings. The deformed glans, of small or normal size (with normal urethra or well functioning neourethra), was enlarged and sculptured by injection of hydrogel. Between May 1997 and March 2002, 27 patients underwent glans enhancement and sculpturing. Small deformed glans occurred after failed hypospadias repair in 10 patients, penile trauma in 3, hemangioma sclerozation in 2, primary hypospadias in 8 and normally developed penile body in 4. A double-faced island flap was performed in 14 patients, glans was enhanced by hydrogel injection in 9 and both procedures were performed in 4.Results: Mean followup was 34 months for the double-faced flap technique 17 months for hydrogel injection. Satisfactory enlargemen...
Rate of convergence of the spline estimates for Markov chains

Abstract We consider spline estimate for the prediction function in a stationary Markov chain. We show that we can construct estimates which achieve the same optimal rate of convergence as in the i.i.d. case.
Post-traumatic vulvar hematoma secondary to coagulopathy caused by rickettsial infection.

A 16-year-old Caucasian female presented with a large left vulvar hematoma upon transfer from an outside facility. The reason for the injury was persistent altered mental status, which resulted in an unsupervised attempt to get out of the hospital bed and a subsequent straddle injury to the labia after falling on top of the bed railing. Upon initial evaluation, the patient denied vaginal bleeding or vaginal discharge. She had no difficulty voiding and denied pain except after wiping or bathing. As the patient’s mental status was somewhat altered, much of the history was obtained through her mother. The patient’s past medical and surgical history were unremarkable. Menarche occurred at age 13 with regular menses thereafter. The patient denied sexual activity. During the current hospitalization, she had been severely coagulopathic, thought to be secondary to systemic Rickettsial infection.
A preface to critical theory

George Lichtheim once characterized sociology as a discipline with "one foot firmly planted on the grave of metaphysics, the other tentatively poised on the elevator leading to the summit of political power."1 Over the past few years, Lichtheim's witticism has turned into an uncomfortable truth; within the social sciences generally, and sociology in particular, there has emerged a growing concern about the relationship between social knowledge and political power. More particularly, the concern is focussed on positivist social science and its linkage to power, and disciplines once firmly in the grip of positivism are now beginning to explore alternative paradigms to serve as programmatic guides to research.2
SHORT‐TERM STANDING CROP AND DIVERSITY OF PERIPHYTIC DIATOMS IN A EUTROPHIC RESERVOIR1

Adverse weather and resultant turbulence caused sloughing of attached diatom communities during the first two weeks of colonization on artificial substrates. In contrast to Pacific macroalgal systems, older communities (8–12 d) were the most affected by wave action. Ash-free dry weight of the periphyton and diatom cell density generally increased, except following periods of high turbulence when losses of up to 80% occurred. The maximum cell density (4 × 105 diatoms · cm−2) and ash-free dry weight (2.9 mg · cm−2) are among the highest reported for similar conditions. Percent transmittance through the growth layer correlated significantly with cell density and ash-free dry weight and is recommended as a rapid method for measuring the relative accumulation of periphyton. Diatom diversity generally increased throughout the study period and did not clearly reflect the effects of disturbance as did standing crop. Comparisons of diatom diversity and community composition indicated that the three overlapping growth series were not significantly different and samples collected on the same date were not more similar than those of identical age. Combined with previous evidence, the present study indicates that the first two weeks of substrate exposure in the summer represented a colonization phase followed by rapid microsuccession.
Analyzing the Advertising Discourse- A Journey from Sight to Mind

This research paper sets out to project an in-depth study of the advertising discourse by applying methodological approaches of Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis to the chosen “advertisements”. It aims at examining the ‘power relations and struggles’ among product-producers and product-consumers, to gauge the level of psychological dominance exercised through the advertising discourse. The study, fundamentally, presents a counter-analysis of ‘advertising strategies’, as to how far they influence the consumers’ attitudes and to what extent the consumers direct their ‘discourse’. In other words, this research attempts to answer the question: ‘who turns out to be more powerful by controlling the other’s mind, in advertiser-consumer relationship?’, whether it is the consumer who shapes the discourse of advertisements through their demands, or the advertiser who affects the consumers’ beliefs through their ‘discourse’! Thus, the current paper presents a comprehensive review of the relevant literature leading towards a theoretical framework of preferred DA and CDA approaches to be further applied on the discourse of advertisements. And towards the end, it states the final remarks concluding the entire discussion and reflecting upon the effectiveness of Critical Discourse Analysis in its application on the advertising phenomena.
Folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, methionine and alcohol intake in relation to ovarian cancer risk

Folate, methionine, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 may influence carcinogenesis due to their roles in the one-carbon metabolism pathway, which is critical for DNA synthesis, methylation and repair. Low intake of these nutrients has been associated with an increased risk of breast, colon and endometrial cancers. Previous studies that have examined the relation between these nutrients and ovarian cancer risk have been inconsistent and have had limited power to examine the relation by histologic subtype. We investigated the association between folate, methionine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and alcohol among 1910 women with ovarian cancer and 1989 controls from a case-control study conducted in eastern Massachusetts and New Hampshire from 1992 to 2008. Diet was assessed via food frequency questionnaire. Participants were asked to recall diet one-year before diagnosis or interview. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We also examined whether the associations varied by ovarian cancer histologies using polytomous logistic regression. We observed an inverse association between dietary vitamin B6 (covariate-adjusted OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.64–0.92; ptrend = 0.002) and methionine intake (covariate-adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60–0.87; ptrend < 0.001) and ovarian cancer risk comparing the highest to lowest quartile. The association with dietary vitamin B6 was strongest for serous borderline (covariate-adjusted OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.32–0.77; ptrend = 0.001) and serous invasive (covariate-adjusted OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58–0.94; ptrend = 0.012) subtypes. Overall, we observed no significant association between folate and ovarian cancer risk. One-carbon metabolism related nutrients, especially vitamin B6 and methionine, may lower ovarian cancer risk.
Understanding the dielectric properties of liquid amides from a polarizable force field.

The role played by electronic polarization in the dielectric properties of liquid N-methyl acetamide (NMA) is examined using molecular dynamics simulations with a polarizable force field based on classical Drude oscillators. The model presented is the first force field shown to reproduce the anomalously large dielectric constant of liquid NMA. Details of the molecular polarizability are found to be important. For instance, all elements of the polarizability tensor, rather then just the trace, impact on the condensed phase properties. Two factors related to electronic polarizability are found to contribute to this large dielectric constant. First is the significant enhancement of the mean amide molecular dipole magnitude, which is 50% larger in the liquid than in the gas phase. Second is the consequent strong hydrogen bonding between molecular neighbors that enhances the orientational alignment of the molecular dipoles. Polarizable models of amide compounds that have two (acetamide) and zero (N,N-dimethyl ...
Tests that discriminate between dyslexic and other learning-disabled boys

Abstract Dyslexic and nondyslexic boys within a single community's learning-disabled class were given a set of tests; performance on each of these tests has been reported to be significantly impaired in other dyslexic children compared to learning-disabled and normal groups. Linear discriminant function analysis revealed that error types rather than levels of performance best separated the carefully matched learning-disabled groups. Slow naming and high percentage of “dysphasic” errors characterized dyslexic boys. Visual temporal-spatial matching and “configuration-deficient” perceptual errors characterized the adequate readers who have other learning disabilities.
Perceptions of the Oldest Hearing Child of Deaf Parents: On Interpreting, Communication, Feelings, and Role Reversal

Sixteen hearing children of deaf parents were matched with sixteen hearing children of hearing parents on age, school grade, sex, parent education level, and socioeconomic status. All children in the study were the oldest in the family. The children completed a questionnaire and a structured interview. Both the questionnaire and the interview investigated the issues of feelings toward parents, communication with parents, interpreting, and role reversal. The results indicated no significant difference between the two groups on the feelings, communication, and role-reversal scales. A significant difference was found between the groups on the interpreting scale as well as on the responses to the interview situations. The ages of the children and the degrees to which the parents relied on them to interpret appeared to have a strong influence on the children's feelings toward parents, communication with parents, and views on role reversal.
Quest for extraterrestrial life

In The Living Cosmos, Chris Impey outlines current thinking on how and where we should look for signs of extraterrestrial life. In its 50-year history the science of astrobiology — or exobiology — has made great strides, fuelled by a series of successful Solar System probes. But, as Bruce Jakosky's book review points out, the future of the field will depend on the development of new technologies. Though if a Mars sample return mission does find a slot in NASA's post-2010 plans, perhaps a new edition of The Living Cosmos will be on the cards.
Colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease.

Utilizing colonoscopic examination in 40 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, the authors were often able to detect bleeding sites, obtain biopsy specimens for histologic confirmation, and more accurately assess the linear extent of disease than was apparent in radiographic studies.
Synaptic mitochondrial changes in the motor cortex following unilateral cortical lesions and motor skills training in adult male rats

Unilateral lesions of the forelimb sensorimotor cortex and motor skills training interact to enhance synaptic plasticity in layer V of the motor cortex contralateral to the lesion in male rats. In this study, we assessed the metabolic correlates of these synaptic changes by quantifying the number and size of mitochondria in synaptic axonal terminals with perforated or non-perforated post-synaptic densities (PSDs) and single or multiple post-synaptic contacts. The number of synaptic mitochondria per neuron was significantly greater in rats with lesions. Neither manipulation affected mitochondrial size or number of mitochondria per synapse. Independent of experimental condition, terminals with perforated PSDs had more mitochondria than those with non-perforated PSDs and, among those with non-perforated PSDs, terminals with multiple synaptic contacts had more mitochondria than those forming single synapses.
Differential interactions of nucleotides at the two nucleotide binding domains of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.

After phosphorylation by protein kinase A, gating of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is regulated by the interaction of ATP with its nucleotide binding domains (NBDs). Models of this gating regulation have proposed that ATP hydrolysis at NBD1 and NBD2 may drive channel opening and closing, respectively (reviewed in Nagel, G. (1999)Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1461, 263–274). However, as yet there has been little biochemical confirmation of the predictions of these models. We have employed photoaffinity labeling with 8-azido-ATP, which supports channel gating as effectively as ATP to evaluate interactions with each NBD in intact membrane-bound CFTR. Mutagenesis of Walker A lysine residues crucial for azido-ATP hydrolysis to generate the azido-ADP that is trapped by vanadate indicated a greater role of NBD1 than NBD2. Separation of the domains by limited trypsin digestion and enrichment by immunoprecipitation confirmed greater and more stable nucleotide trapping at NBD1. This asymmetry of the two domains in interactions with nucleotides was reflected most emphatically in the response to the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue, 5′-adenylyl-β,γ-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), which in the gating models was proposed to bind with high affinity to NBD2 causing inhibition of ATP hydrolysis there postulated to drive channel closing. Instead we found a strong competitive inhibition of nucleotide hydrolysis and trapping at NBD1 and a simultaneous enhancement at NBD2. This argues strongly that AMP-PNP does not inhibit ATP hydrolysis at NBD2 and thereby questions the relevance of hydrolysis at that domain to channel closing.
IR system evaluation using nugget-based test collections

The development of information retrieval systems such as search engines relies on good test collections, including assessments of retrieved content. The widely employed Cranfield paradigm dictates that the information relevant to a topic be encoded at the level of documents, therefore requiring effectively complete document relevance assessments. As this is no longer practical for modern corpora, numerous problems arise, including scalability, reusability, and applicability. We propose a new method for relevance assessment based on relevant information, not relevant documents. Once the relevant 'nuggets' are collected, our matching method can assess any document for relevance with high accuracy, and so any retrieved list of documents can be assessed for performance. In this paper we analyze the performance of the matching function by looking at specific cases and by comparing with other methods. We then show how these inferred relevance assessments can be used to perform IR system evaluation, and we discuss in particular reusability and scalability. Our main contribution is a methodology for producing test collections that are highly accurate, more complete, scalable, reusable, and can be generated with similar amounts of effort as existing methods, with great potential for future applications.
Word value and verbal learning

Summary Two experiments evaluated the influence of rated goodness (G) of nonsense syllables and words on the rate of verbal learning. Exp. I investigated the independent effects of G and association value upon the learning of two lists containing digit-nonsense syllable pairs. Variation in association value was highly related to learning, while variation in G was only slightly related to learning. In addition, a breakdown of the relationship between association value and G occurred when the effect of pronunciability was controlled. In Exp. II, seven pairs of words, matched in frequency and meaningfulness but varying in G, were placed in a paired-associate list. No difference was obtained in the rate of learning between the two sets of words. The results of both experiments question the importance of G as a variable in verbal learning.
Spectrophotometric studies of the composition of lespedeza seed oil

The ultraviolet absorption spectra of the oils obtained from lespedeza seeds of three species show an absorption similar to that of linseed oil. The spectra for the alkali isomerized lespedeza seed oils show triene conjugation equivalent to that which would be produced by the presence of 22–28% of a triunsaturated nonconjugated acid (such as linolenic acid) and 26–42% of a diunsaturated nonconjugated acid (such as linoleic acid). The presence of conjugated triene structure in the oil as extracted from a seed-hull mixture ground with stainless steel balls was indicated by an absorption maximum at 270 mµ. Elimination of other possibilities suggest that this absorption is caused by a metal-catalyzed isomerization or other reaction taking place only in the mixture.
An Unexpected High Requirement of Chicks for Pyridoxine

Abstract IN THE course of some recent experimental work, where simplified and purified rations were used, symptoms of pyridoxine deficiency appeared even though the rations were supplemented with pyridoxine in supposedly adequate amounts. The chicks used were day-old cockerels hatched from a cross of Rhode Island Red cocks on Barred Plymouth Rock hens. Representative rations are shown in Table 1. Pyridoxine hydrochloride was added to the diets at the rate of 500 micrograms per 100 grams of feed. The diets were stored at 4°C. during the experiment. Gains, food consumption and behavior up to 2 weeks of age were normal, but at 3 weeks the weights were about 25 percent below normal. Food consumption was poor and some leg weakness was noted. At the end of the third week one chick was observed with its head turned under as is shown in Figure 1 (chick A), and several others showed symptoms . . .