cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of the electro-optical coefficient r33 and refractive index of para-substituted poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) derivatives

Abstract The electro-optical coefficient r33 and refractive index of films of poly(γ-benzyl- l -glutamate) and the p-nitro, p-fluoro and p-trifluoromethyl derivatives were determined as a way to assess the non-linear optical behaviour of these organic polymers. The p-fluoro-γ-benzyl and p-trifluoromethyl-γ-benzyl ester polymers are new materials synthesized for this study. The electro-optical coefficient r33 = 5.2 × 10−2 pm V−1 for the unsubstituted polymer, 13.9 × 10−2 pm V−1 for the p-nitro polymer, 3.0 × 102 pm V−1 for the p-fluoro polymer, and 1.6 × 10−2 pm V−1 for the p-trifluoromethyl polymer. The refractive indices, at a wavelength of 488 nm, of films of the polymer were determined to be 1.60, 1.61, 1.59, and 1.70, respectively, for the unsubstituted polymer and the p-nitro, p-fluoro, and p-trifluoromethyl derivatives. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, from 10 kHz to 4 MHz, for each of the polymer films was also determined. The waveguiding and other properties of each of the polymers were assessed in terms of the polymer structure.
Introduction to Automation for Librarians

(1995). Introduction to Automation for Librarians. Serials Review: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 103-105.
Partition of radiotracers between suspended particles and seawater

Abstract Distinctive uptake mechanisms of different radiotracers by red clays in seawater are elucidated from the magnitude and change of distribution coefficients (Kd) for up to 17 γ-emitting radiotracers as functions of equilibration time, suspended particle concentration and compositions of solids and seawaters. The adsorption of ionic metals onto colloids and subsequent coagulation of colloids onto larger particles are the dominant removal processes of metals in the aquatic environments of low suspended particle concentration.
Minimally invasive coronary bypass without general endotracheal anesthesia

This report describes the case of a 51-year-old man with myocardial ischemia resulting from in-stent restenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery who underwent a minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass using thoracic epidural analgesia while awake, without general endotracheal anesthesia.
Effect of failed extubation on the outcome of mechanical ventilation

Objective To examine medical outcomes associated with reintubation for extubation failure after discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. Design Prospective cohort study of consecutive intubated medical ICU patients who underwent a trial of extubation at a tertiary-care teaching hospital. The failed extubation group consisted of all patients reintubated within 72 h or within 7 days (if continuous ICU care had been required) of extubation. All others were considered to be successfully extubated. Study end points included hospital death vs survival, the number of days spent in the ICU and in the hospital after the onset of mechanical ventilation, the likelihood of requiring >7 or 14 days of ICU care after extubation, and the need for transfer to either a long-term care or rehabilitation facility among the survivors. Results Of 289 intubated patients, 247 (85%) were successfully extubated, and 42 (15%) required reintubation for failed extubation (time to reintubation 1.5±0.2 days). Reintubation for extubation failure resulted in 12 additional days of mechanical ventilation. When compared with successfully extubated patients, reintubated patients were more likely to die in the hospital (43% vs 12%; p Conclusion After adjusting for severity of illness and comorbid conditions, extubation failure had a significant independent association with increased risk for death, prolonged ICU stay, and transfer to a long-term care or rehabilitation facility. Extubation failure may serve as an additional independent marker of severity of illness. Alternatively, poor outcomes may be etiologically related to extubation failure. If the latter proves to be the case, identifying patients at risk for poor outcomes from extubation failure and instituting alternative care practices may reduce mortality, duration of ICU stay, and need for transfer to a long-term care facility.
Identification of change structure in statistical process control

In order to diagnose properly quality problems that occur in manufacturing the diagnostician, be it human or computer, must be privy to various sources of information about the process and its behaviour. This paper describes how neural networks and Bayesian discriminant function techniques can be used to provide knowledge of how a product characteristic changed, i.e. shift in mean or variability, when so noted by the control chart application. Such information is useful because there usually exists some underyling knowledge about the physical phenomena in question that relates the behaviour of the observed characteristic to its processing variables. When a change in the process is detected by the appropriate statistical method, a feature vector of process-related statistics is used to identify the change structure as a shift in mean or variance. This paper addresses various issues concerned with this problem, namely: process change detection, feature vector selection, training patterns, and error rates. S...
The effect of a horizontal impervious layer caused by a temperature inversion aloft on the dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere

Abstract The effect of a temperature inversion (at z = H ∗ ) above the effective stack height (at z = H ) is studied for continuously emitting infinite line and point source configurations under the condition of constant wind velocity. The conservation of mass equation is solved by the method of Laplace transforms, handling the emission source as a finite source which is ultimately allowed to approach zero size. The effect of the inversion on ground level concentration is presented in the form of a dimensionless plot with the parameter H/H ∗ assuming various values. This graph shows that the groundline concentration under such conditions is always greater than that during a non-inversion period. The effect of the inversion becomes negligible when H ∗ .
When places have agency: Roadside shrines as traumascapes

This essay focuses on roadside shrines as places where time seems to replay itself and the experiences of loss are continuously re-experienced – what Foucault would term heterochronias where the evocation of the initial trauma leaves the past open in the present, constraining individual agency while giving agency to place. The located memorials are also symbolic spaces when adorned with ceremonial, domestic, and personal artefacts that sacralize them. These traumascapes help the pilgrim negotiate the chaotic and traumatic event of the past and hold out the possibility of a bearable future.
Doorway-resonance model for pion-nucleon D- and F-wave scattering

Abstract A model for the resonant pion-nucleon D- and F-waves is developed which assumes that the pion-plus-nucleon couples to a resonance and that the resonance can serve as a doorway to the inelastic channels. With the use of simple form factors, the model is capable of reproducing the pion-nucleon phase shifts up to an energy of T π = 1.4 GeV if the coupling of the elastic channel to the inelastic channels is taken from data as input into the model. A value for the mass of the resonance that would result in the absence of the coupling to decay channels is extracted from the data utilizing the model. This is the mass that is most easily modeled by bag models. For the non-resonant D- and F-wave channels a separable potential model is used. This model, like the resonance model, is developed utilizing the invariant amplitude which is free of kinematic singularities and uses invariant norms and phase spaces. The model is also applied to the S-wave channels. A relation between the resonance model and the Chew-Low model is discovered and used to derive an extended Chew-Low model which is applied to the P 13 , P 31 , and P 33 channels. Implications of the model for understanding the range of the pion-nucleon interaction and the dynamic structure of the interaction are presented.
But can they do it? High tech real time performance evaluation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how Kirkwood Community College uses a learning outcomes information system (eLumen Achievement) in any wireless or even nonwireless setting to directly improve student learning by evaluating student performance and providing feedback in real time.Design/methodology/approach – The paper describes how, unlike more conventional users of eLumen Achievement, Kirkwood Community College chose both to engage students in outcomes assessment and to take advantage of the latest technologies.Findings – The paper finds that both instructors and students are pleased with the new practice.Originality/value – The authors believe that Kirkwood Community College is the first college in the country to combine the use of a generic learning outcomes information system with wireless tablet PCs to capture and communicate data on student performance evaluation in real time.
The Relationship between the Anoxic Sensitivity and the Extent of Sensitization by Nitrous Oxide

SummaryNitrous oxide reacts during irradiation to increase the yield of ·OH, a radical many believe to be a major cause of lethality. Logically, one would expect N2O to be a radiation sensitizer. In some instances it is, while in others it is not. In some cases we can explain why N2O fails to sensitize; factors such as dose rate, cell concentration, buffer composition and ionic strength all influence when N2O will sensitize and, if it sensitizes, by what magnitude. Based on the results presented here with multiple strains of procaryotic and eucaryotic cells, we believe the anoxic sensitivity is another critical factor that governs whether N2O will sensitize. Our data, with data from the literature, show a relationship between the anoxic sensitivity and the N2O enhancement ratio. N2O does not sensitize in vitro unless the anoxic sensitivity (inactivation constant, k) is less than ∼ 0·2 daGy−1.
Characterization and quantification of native glutenin aggregates by multistacking sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) procedures.

ABSTRACT Native glutenin aggregates of two different quality flours containing the same high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunit compositions were investigated by multistacking sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) procedures. Five stacking gels (4, 6, 8, 10, and 12%) with a separating (resolving) gel of 14% were used to separate nonreduced glutenin aggregates solubilized from flour by SDS sodium phosphate buffer. There were large differences in protein solubility of the two flours. It took 8 hr to extract 91% of total proteins from the strong flour (variety Len) while it took only 2 hr for the weak flour sample 205. Total glutenin proteins and the proportions of glutenins at the different origins (including the origin of the 14% separating gel) were quantified by high-resolution densitometry procedures. As the duration of extraction increased, both total glutenins and glutenins at the 4% origins increased. The good quality flour Len had a higher total glutenin protein (...
Heterogeneous design idioms for software architecture

Software designers use a variety of structural patterns to specify system architectures. These patterns, or idioms, are currently used informally and imprecisely. Nevertheless, they provide a useful, broadly shared vocabulary. In practice, a given design often relies on several patterns. The paper reviews some common architectural idioms, shows several ways in which they are used heterogeneously, and discusses the benefits of making these idioms and their combinations more explicit and precise. >
Thermoforming of high performance thermoplastic composites

Matched-die forming of a 90° bend in a quasi-isotropic 16 ply laminate of ICI's APC-2, containing 61 volume % Hercules AS-4 continuous carbon fiber in poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK), is described. To uncouple and characterize elementary deformation phenomena, a series of simple tests are developed. Single ply bending of APC-2 tape up to 420°C has been performed to characterize elastic bending. Transverse flow, axial interply shear flow, and z direction elasticity have been characterized in an instrumented matched die mold. Interply shear flow is characterized using a simple shear test fixture. Transverse flow and interply slip are relatively easily induced. Precautions should be taken to avoid fiber buckling and to provide for laminate reconsolidation.
A Multi-State Empirical Valence Bond Model for Weak Acid Dissociation in Aqueous Solution†

The development and application of a multistate empirical valence bond (MS-EVB) model for a weak acid dissociation and subsequent proton transport in aqueous solution is described. The weak acid dissociation step is modeled by the inclusion of an additional EVB state describing the case when proton is bound to the acid's conjugate base. The model was parametrized for the imidazolium cation deprotonation. Classical molecular dynamics simulation methodology was used to study both equilibrium and dynamic properties of this system. Free energy profiles of the deprotonation reaction, studied using a novel center of excess charge reaction coordinate, reveal the need to include several solvation shells around the weak acid in order to stabilize the hydronium species formed upon the weak acid deprotonation. The solvent atomic density plots examined at selected points along the proton transfer coordinate display a relatively large reorganization of the solvent around the weak acid molecule, caused by the shift in ...
Measurement of absolute hydrogen dissociation in a diamond deposition system

Abstract The ratio of atomic to molecular hydrogen as a function of position in a hot filament diamond chemical vapor deposition system is determined from spatially resolved measurements of CH 3 and CH densities. High sensitivity white light absorption spectroscopy is used to obtain the CH and CH 3 densities. The H atom mole fractions reported here are significantly higher than those reported in the most directly comparable previous experiments.
Absorptance measurements of transmissive optical components by the surface thermal lensing technique

The surface thermal lensing technique (STL) successfully resolved and measured the absorptance of transmissive optical components: near- normal angle-of-incidence anti-reflectors and beam splatters. The STL system uses an Ar ion laser to pump the components at 514.5 mn. The absorptance-induced surface deformation diffracts the HeNe probe beam into a photo-detector. The signal intensity was calibrated with a sample of known absorptance. The optical components were designed to function in a copper vapor laser (CVL) transport system, and were previously tested for absorptance with a high power CVL system at 511 rtm. To assure proper absorptance data from the STL system, the pump laser power densities were set at the operational level of the coatings, absorptance time trends were monitored, and absorptance area scans were made. Both types of transmissive optics are more stable than the CVL high reflectors that were measured in another study. Parameter studies based on Fresnel diffraction theory were also performed to optimize experimental condition. The STL system was assessed to have 10 ppb sensitivity for absorption measurement given 2 W of pump power.
DNA strand scission activity of metalloporphyrins

Abstract The iron porphyrin derivatives, iron (III) meso-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)-porphine (Fe(III)T4MPyP), aceto-iron (III) meso-tetra(3-N-methylpyridyl)porporphine (AcO-Fe(III)T3MPyP), and iron (III) meso-tetra(p-sulfonatophenyl)-porphine (Fe(III)TSPP), have been shown to induce strand scissions in DNA. Incubation of these porphyrins with PM2 DNA results in the conversion of circular supercoiled DNA to the nicked circular duplex form. The presence of dithiothreitol increases the extent of the nicking reaction. Fe(III)TSPP, which, unlike Fe(III)T4MPyP and AcO-Fe(III)T3MPyP, does not bind to DNA, is the least effective of the three porphyrins in inducing strand scissions in PM2. Both Fe(III)T4MPyP and AcO-Fe(III)T3MPyP induce strand scissions in cellular DNA of pre-labeled HeLa S 3 cells while Fe(III)TSPP has a very limited effect.
The effects of phenytoin on the penicillin-induced spike focus

A quantitative evaluation of the effects of phenytoin on penicillin-induced spike foci is reported. Phenytoin at blood levels considered within therapeutic range in humans increased spike frequency, decreased spike duration and abolished after-discharges. Spiking at weak foci was completely abolished when high concentrations of phenytoin were used. It is concluded that phenytoin affects mainly the long chain pathways whether the ultimate effects of these pathways are excitatory or inhibitory.
Adrenal influence on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in superior cervical ganglion

Abstract The involvement of adrenal hormones as regulatory factors in maintaining physiological levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was examined in mouse superior cervical ganglion. Following bilateral adrenalectomy, TH activity in the ganglion fell at a slow but steady rate, reaching 60–65% of the control levels after 2 weeks. Decentralization is known also to reduce TH activity in the ganglion. The effects of adrenalectomy and decentralization were therefore compared, and they were found to be additive, indicating different mechanisms in the two cases. The reduction of TH activity following adrenalectomy was not prevented by replacement with corticosterone (0.5 mg/kg, daily). However, replacement with epinephrine (4 mg/kg, daily) completely prevented the fall of TH activity in adrenalectomized animals. Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, was as effective as epinephrine in preventing the reduction of TH activity following adrenalectomy. Furthermore, in intact animals, chronic administration of SKF 64139, an inhibitor of adrenal PNMT which depletes circulating epinephrine levels, also reduced ganglionic TH activity to the same level as that after adrenalectomy. These results indicate that epinephrine, but not corticosterone, is the adrenal factor required for physiological maintenance of normal levels of TH in the superior cervical ganglion.
Computer-Aided Design for Low-Power Robust Computing in Nanoscale CMOS

This work argues that the foremost challenges to the continued rapid improvements in CMOS integrated circuit (IC) performance are power consumption and design robustness. Furthermore, these two goals are often contradictory in nature, which indicates that joint optimization approaches must be adopted to properly handle both. To highlight needs in computer-aided design (CAD), we review a sampling of state-of-the-art work in power reduction techniques, and also in the newly emerging area of statistical optimization applied to very large scale integration (VLSI) ICs. The lack of CAD techniques to perform multiobjective function optimization (specifically parametric yield under correlated performance metrics) is a major limitation of current CAD research. In addition, with design trends pushing towards architectures based on aggressive adaptivity and voltage scaling, CAD researchers and engineers will need to refocus efforts on enabling this type of complex design
Administration of estradiol-17β in pulses to female guinea pigs: Self-priming effects of estrogen on brain tissues mediating lordosis

Abstract Lordosis behavior in ovariectomized guinea pigs is facilitated by the sequential action of estradiol-17β (E) and progesterone (P). The present study was designed to explore the possibility that administration of E in a pulsatile manner is more efficacious than a single injection of E with respect to lordosis facilitation in ovariectomized guinea pigs. The data indicate that pulse administration of unesterified E is more effective than a single large dose of E for the facilitation of lordosis behavior. Three injections of as little as 0.5 μg E at 0, 19 and 28 hr followed by 0.5 mg P at 39 hr was more effective (63.6% responding with lordosis) than a single injection of as much as 15 μg E at hr 0 followed by vehicle injections at 19 and 28 hr and 0.5 mg P at 39 hr (0% responding). We also demonstrated that the 19 hr E injection could be eliminated and that two injections of E (0.5 μg at hr 0 and 1.0 μg at hr 28 followed by 0.5 mg P at hr 39) was at least as effective (69.0% responding) as three split injections in facilitating lordosis. This behaviorally effective pulse administration of E also resulted in significant induction of cytoplasmic progestin receptors in hypothalamic tissue. Further experiments indicated that a 28 hr interval between E pulses was optimal in terms of percent animals desplaying lordosis. The data suggest that pulsatile E stimulation of brain tissues mediating lordosis is a highly effective mode of stimulation, and that an initial pulse of E sensitizes neural tissues to subsequent E administration.
POSTURAL HYPOTENSION OCCURRING IN A NEGRO WITH ADDISON’S DISEASE

In 1925 Bradbury and Eggleston (1) reported three cases of a condition which they termed “postural hypotension.” Later Ghrist and Brown (2) described two patients apparently suffering from the same sort of disturbance, the outstanding features of which were syncopal attacks accompanying a marked fall in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure after changing from the supine to the upright position; slow pulse rate uninfluenced by change in blood pressure, anhidrosis, lowering of the basal metabolic rate, slight and indefinite changes in the nervous system, and increase of symptoms during the heat of summer. A similar case has been recently reported by Riecker and Upjohn (3). This postural response of the blood pressure appears to be an exaggeration of the response which occurs in some normal individuals and which has been extensively studied by Crampton (4). It is possibly similar to the postural response of patients convalescent from long continued infectious diseases. None of the patients described in...
Performance analysis of generalized algebraic switched capacitor converters

Recently, several new families of switched capacitor converters (SCCs) have been proposed using algebraic methods to generate switching states. Because of their regular structure, the switching states may be translated directly into matrices that may be used to compute performance via statespace analysis. This paper provides an algorithm for creating the matrices. Simulated results are given for three different types of generalized algebraic SCCs. The computed equivalent resistance matches simulation results within numerical precision.
Analysis of gender effects upon verbal and visual memory performance in adults

Abstract This study investigated gender effects on verbal and visual memory performance in normal adults (age range: 18–91 years). The subjects were 140 volunteers (70 male, 70 female). Individuals in each male-female pair were matched within three years on age and two years on education. Shipley Vocabulary scores for the groups also were equivalent. Subjects were administered the Continuous Visual Memory Test (CVMT), Visual Reproduction subtest (VR), Verbal Selective Reminding Test (VSRT), and Expanded Paired Associate Test (EPAT). Results revealed no differences between males and females for either the Acquisition or Delayed phases of the CVMT and EPAT. Differences for the Delayed VR task also were not significant. Male-female differences for the Immediate VR task were marginally significant, although the mean difference was less than one point, females consistently outperformed males on the VSRT, particularly in the Acquisition phase. Differences on the Delayed task, while statistically significant, averaged only 1 2 point.
NPI-1, the human homolog of SRP-1, interacts with influenza virus nucleoprotein.

Abstract We used the yeast interactive trap system to identify a cellular protein which interacts with the nucleoprotein of influenzaA viruses. This protein, nucleoprotein interactor 1 (NPI-1) is the human homolog of the yeast protein SRP1. SRP1 was previously identified as a suppressor of temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase I mutations (R. Yano, M. Oakes, M. Yamaghishi, J. Dodd, and M. Nomura, Mol. Cell. Biol. 12, 5640–5651, 1992). A full-length cDNA clone of NPI-1 was generated from HeLa cell poly A+ RNA. The viral nucleoprotein, which had been partially purified from influenza A/PR/8/34 virus-infected embryonated eggs, could be coprecipitated from solution by glutathione agarose beads complexed with a bacterially expressed glutathione-S-transferase-NPI-1 fusion protein, confirming the' results of the yeast genetic system. Antisera raised against NPI-1 identified a 60-kDa polypeptide from total cellular extracts of both HeLa and MDBK cells. The viral nucleoprotein was coimmunoprecipitated from influenza A/WSN/33 virus-infected MDBK cells by anti-NPI-1 sera, demonstrating an interaction of these two proteins in infected cells. Similarly, NPI-1 was coimmunoprecipitated from MDBK cells by anti-NP sera. These experiments suggest that NPI-1 plays a role during influenza virus replication.
Developmental regulation of cloned superabundant embryo mRNAs in soybean.

Abstract We have investigated the developmental expression and reiteration frequency of genes encoding four soybean embryo mRNAs. A cDNA library of mid-maturation-stage mRNA sequences was constructed by cloning into pBR322. Plasmids representing distinct superabundant mRNA species (>10,000 molecules per cell) were selected from the library, and four clones were chosen for further investigation. Hybridization experiments with mRNA blots showed that three of the clones hybridized to a single mRNA, each of which had a unique size. One clone, however, was complementary to two mRNAs having distinct molecular weights. The prevalence of each mRNA was quantitated at distinct developmental periods. The results showed that the mRNAs accumulated during early embryogeny and then decayed prior to seed dehydration. In addition, the cloned transcripts were either undetectable, or present at very low levels (
The influence of acculturation on breast-feeding initiation and duration in low-income women in the US.

While the 'immigrant health paradox' posits better health behaviours and outcomes for immigrants upon arrival to the US, research suggests that this advantage may deteriorate over time. This study analysed the relationship of acculturation and breast-feeding initiation and duration among a sample of predominantly Latina, low-income women in the US. The four measures of acculturation included: mother's nativity (foreign born vs US born), mother's parents' nativity (foreign born vs US born), years of US residence ( or =8 years) and a dichotomous measure of language acculturation adapted from three items on Marin's acculturation scale (preferred language spoken at home, reading language and writing language) as exclusive use of native language versus non-exclusive use (mixed or English only) (Marin et al., 1987; Marin & Gamba, 1996). Final multivariable models showed that mothers who exclusively used their native language were more likely to initiate breast-feeding as well as breast-feed for longer duration compared with mothers with non-exclusive use, whereas years of US residence and mother's nativity were not significantly associated with breast-feeding initiation or duration. Mother's parents' nativity also emerged as a significant predictor of breast-feeding duration, both within final models for immigrants and across study participants. Programmes providing nutrition education to low-income women may wish to consider the role of language as an important determinant of breast-feeding. The role of mother's parents' nativity on breast-feeding practices deserves exploration in future studies, as the cultural practices taught by family members born outside the US may exert strong pressure within immigrant families now living in the US.
Cytotoxicity Assay in Antibiotic-Associated Colitis

Stools were tested for the presence of a cytopathic toxin that is neutralized by gas gangrene antitoxin or Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. The test was positive in specimens from 51 (96070) of 53 patients with antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis and five (2%) of 248 individuals without gastrointestinal complications of antimicrobial usage. Seven types of tissue cultures were tested, and all proved susceptible to this toxin. Those that appeared to be the most susceptible on the basis of titers of toxin in stools were primary human amnion cells, WI-38 cells, baby hamster kidney cells, and mouse fibroblasts. Storage of specimens at -70 C, 6 C, 28 C, and 37 C for five days before testing resulted in decrease in toxin titers that correlated with increasing temperatures. Studies of various C. sordellii antitoxin preparations indicated considerable variation in potency. Recommendations for performing the tissue culture assay for the toxin found in stools of patients with antibiotic-associated colitis are provided on the basis of these observations. Several recent reports indicate that stools from pa
Cutaneous Signs and Syndromes Associated With Internal Malignancies

Cutaneous changes may indicate the presence of or herald the incipient development of internal malignancies. The authors review 24 cutaneous signs, symptoms, diseases, and syndromes associated with internal malignancies. Early recognition of these cutaneous changes may allow for vigilance for, and prompt detection and management of, the underlying neoplasm.
Signifying renewal as well as change: One library's experience with the center for research libraries

Abstract In October of 1976, after an 18-year absence, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill reinstituted its membership in the Center for Research Libraries. The author indicates why, by summarizing the resources available at the Center, how those resources are made available to members, and how membership in CRL has begun to affect selection 'policies and the very nature of the collection at this library.
Human immunodeficiency virus and liver disease forum 2010: Conference proceedings

Liver disease continues to represent a critical mediator of morbidity and mortality in those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The frequent presence and overlap of concomitant injurious processes, including hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infections, hepatoxicity associated with antiretroviral therapeutic agents, alcohol, and other toxins, in the setting of immunosuppression lead to rapid fibrotic progression and early development of end-stage liver disease. This conference summary describes the proceedings of a state-of-the-art gathering of international experts designed to highlight the status of current research in epidemiology, natural history, pathogenesis, and treatment of HIV and liver disease.
THE DISINTEREST IN FOREIGN AID: AN APPRAISAL

SUMMARY In recent years U. S. foreign appropriations have featured annual reductions which the authors feel reveal what is expected to be a discernible trend for the next few years and a very real manifestation of a newly-expressed disinterest in foreign aid. The reasoning underlying this altered attitude toward foreign aid is examined in relation to the U. S. balance-of-payments, the domestic inflation problem, and private enterprise impetus. Many revisions have been made in the administration of foreign aid to insure a U. S. origin for the real resources imported by the aid receiving country. However, these failed to curb our balance-of-payments problems as well as failed to correct the severe lag in export volume. In an attempt to mitigate domestic inflation, reductions were made in foreign aid appropriations, and preliminary calculations again show this policy to have been ineffective. The most recent disinterest in foreign aid has been generated by those who examined possible alternatives to foreign aid, in particular, the emphasis on private enterprise assuming a more active aid-type role. In summary, the authors advise that this new disinterest has reached proportions sufficient to insure some definite changes in the modus operandi of foreign aid.
Supporting Accountability in the Field of Mediation

Over time, many fields of work - law, medicine, and teaching - matured from informal bodies of knowledge and skills, passed from one practitioner to another, into professions. In the process each began enumerating and affirming their intellectual and practical roots. Each also began testing practitioners to insure comprehension of relevant knowledge and an ability to demonstrate relevant skills. Family mediators in Canada have moved in this direction. In the United States, people who mediate interpersonal disputes also feel pressured to take additional steps to assure the quality of our work. This article summarizes what mediation organizations in the United States have done and could do to vouch for work in our field. But, taking additional steps calls for a clearer understanding of what a mediator should know and what they are expected to do. These two critical pieces of information remain nebulous. So, this article goes beyond describing ways of insuring accountability by also describing a recently completed job analysis, a tool frequently used in other fields of work to describe the skills and knowledge relevant to a particular job.
Modeling nonhomogeneous 3-D objects for thermal and visual image synthesis

This paper presents a new approach to integrated modeling of three dimensional objects for generating visual and thermal images under different viewing, ambient, and internal conditions. A volume surface octree is used for object modeling. It is shown that the above representation is suitable for thermal modeling of complex objects with non-homogeneities and heat generation. The technique to incorporate non- homogeneities and heat generation using octree intersection is described. The proposed model may be used to predict a discriminatory feature for object recognition based on the surface temperature and intrinsic thermal properties in any desired ambient condition. The model is designed to be used in a multi-sensor vision system using a hypothesize and verify approach. Several examples of the generated thermal and visual images are presented, which illustrate the usefulness of the approach.
Chemo‐rheology of curing in structural adhesives. II. Polyimide systems

Polyimide adhesives are cured through the cyclization of the linear main chain of the polymer, rather than through the formation of a network structure. It was found that the average activation energy E* for the imidization process of the curing is 30.5 ± 5.4 kcal/mole and is substantially higher than that of the epoxy-phenolic adhesive system which we have reported in Part I. The effect of metal filler upon the curing kinetics and mechanical properties of cured material is discussed on the basis of TMA and DSC measurements. In addition, the influence of moisture exposure on the tensile modulus E of the polyimide adhesives are also discussed.
Separation of a subunit necessary for CDP reductase from other ribonucleotide reductase activities of regenerating rat liver.

Abstract Purification of ribonucleotide reductase from regenerating rat liver using dATP Sepharose chromatography isolated a subunit of the enzyme which was specific for the reduction of CDP. Activities for the other ribonucleotide diphosphates showed differing distribution in the various fractions suggesting different forms of the enzyme for each ribonucleotide diphosphate.
An ontology driven, multi-agent based framework for automated resource allocation in Mobile Workforce Management systems

Rapid advancement in Mobile Information and Communication Technology (ICT) caused an enormous increment in mobile workforce population of the world. Consequently, this rapid increment created a high-demand for reliable and automated mobile workforce management (MWM) amongst them, Resource Allocation (RAL), which is the focus of this paper, is of high importance. The better performance and reliability that an RAL system exhibits, the more reliable its corresponding MWM will be. A reliable resource allocation process in a mobile environment however, should be able to adequately challenge human resource risks (unpredictable unavailability) as well as environmental risks, such as frequent disconnection, caused by mobility of the resources. In this paper an ontology driven multi-agent based framework for such RAL systems is proposed. The main emphasis of this framework is to describe a dynamic coordination model for Mobile Workforce Brokerage System, a multi-agent system which is utilized to automate the resource allocation process in presence of the abovementioned risks and challenges.
Apoptosis, PCNA, and p53 in Fundulus grandis fish liver after in vivo exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 2-aminofluorene.

Dysfunction in homeostatic mechanisms of cell death and proliferation are considered to be important in the pathogenesis of chemically induced neoplasia. p53 has been implicated in the regulation of cell death and proliferation. To determine whether expression of apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and p53 differ between an alkylating agent and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, host response was measured through sequential immunohistochemical detection of apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling method), PCNA PC-10, and p53 (PAb 240) in livers of the fish Fundulus grandis. Nine hundred fish were randomly assigned to 3 groups of 300 fish each and kept in separate aquarium tanks. One group of fish was exposed to 6.7 μM N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 1 group was exposed to 6.9 mM 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), and the remaining group served as a control. A significant decrease (p = 0.005) in the level of apoptosis and a significant increase (p...
Physics-based nonlinear circuit model for coplanar waveguides on silicon substrates

A physics-based nonlinear equivalent circuit model for coplanar waveguides (CPWs) fabricated on Si substrates has been developed and verified experimentally. In contrast to conventional R-L-C-G models, the proposed model replicates dispersive effects due to finite substrate resistivity using only frequency-independent shunt components, and is suitable for both metal-oxide-semiconductor and direct-contact metal-semiconductor lines. The modeled junction capacitances and conductances show excellent scalability with substrate doping concentration and transmission line geometry. Numerical calculation of the CPW capacitance, based on two-dimensional solutions of Poisson's equation, as well as experimental investigations of the dependence of model parameters on substrate doping and line geometry have been performed. Measurements of typical devices show close agreement between the model prediction and measured transmission line S-parameters from 100MHz to 10GHz.
Efficacy of Soil Applied Neonicotinoid Insecticides Against the Azalea Lace Bug, Stephanitis pyrioides, in the Landscape

ABSTRACT Azalea lace bugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae) are common pests of azaleas in the landscape and in plant production. Adults and nymphs feed on foliage causing stippling damage, which persists for multiple seasons. This study was conducted to determine the speed of translocation and residual longevity of various soil-applied neonicotinoid insecticides for control of azalea lace bugs in the landscape. Mass plantings of azaleas were treated with different formulations and application rates of clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. Treatments were evaluated at intervals of 3, 7, 14, 30 d, and 1 yr using a laboratory assay with excised shoots and field-collected adult lace bugs. A sample of field populations was taken 2 mo after the initial treatment. Plant health was determined by rating the severity of leaf injury and percent of damaged leaves per shoot. Dinotefuran and thiamethoxam provided the best control after 3 and 7 d in lab assays. A greater application rate improved efficacy of...
Protection ellipsoids for stability analysis of feedforward neural-net controllers

In this paper, we consider a feedforward neural network for the control of a class of multi-input, multi-output nonlinear systems. While feedforward neural networks offer a simple and appealing approach to enhance the trajectory tracking performance of the closed loop system, stability analysis is often more difficult than the conventional implementation of a neural network embedded within the feedback path. We present a stability theorem which guarantees that the closed loop system is uniformly bounded. We derive conditions on the feedback gain matrices that guarantee this bound. Additionally, we outline a generalization to the non-symmetric case.
Determinant Formula for the Trace Class Perturbation of Heisenberg Commutation Relation

In this paper we establish a determinant formula \( \det {\left( {e^{{if(u)}} e^{{ig(v)}} e^{{ - if(u)}} e^{{ - ig(v + f'(u))}} } \right)} = e^{{itr{\left( {(g(v + f'(u)) - g(v))D} \right)}}} \) for a pair of unbounded self-adjoint operators u and v satisfying a commutation relation \( i{\left( {uv - vu} \right)} \subset I + D \) where D is in the trace class, and some other condition. The functions f and g are rational functions satisfying certain condition.
Explaining death to children.

So said a sophisticated religious school teacher when asked how she explains death to her students. Her comment was understandable. Death touches the ebb and flow of the deepest feelings and relationships. Especially in Western culture, man has tended to seek refuge in euphemistic language. Movies and plays often treat death as a dramatic illusion. One of the reasons why many persons reject the aged is that they remind them of death. Discussion about death is relegated to a tabooed area formerly reserved for sex and dread diseases like cancer.
Optimal service channel reconfiguration based on multi-agent simulation

Solving the problem of long queues becomes increasingly urgent in many on-site service outlets. For example, in a bank branch or a government agency, customers may have to wait for a very long time to be served. How to optimally reconfigure the capability of service channels in such outlets is a key for the service providers to improve efficiency and quality of service. In this paper, we propose a method to optimally configure service channels at a given service outlet. We integrate customer experience metrics with cost and profit into a unified objective function for optimization. Multi-agent simulation technique is employed to model the stochastic service processes and customer behavior, and to evaluate the objective function in optimizing service channel capacity. Some real-life data collected from bank branches provide significant empirical support to the method and demonstrate that the presented method is both effective and efficient.
Weakly Supervised Learning Methods for Improving the Quality of Gene Name Normalization Data

A pervasive problem facing many biomedical text mining applications is that of correctly associating mentions of entities in the literature with corresponding concepts in a database or ontology. Attempts to build systems for automating this process have shown promise as demonstrated by the recent BioCreAtIvE Task 1B evaluation. A significant obstacle to improved performance for this task, however, is a lack of high quality training data. In this work, we explore methods for improving the quality of (noisy) Task 1B training data using variants of weakly supervised learning methods. We present positive results demonstrating that these methods result in an improvement in training data quality as measured by improved system performance over the same system using the originally labeled data.
Inviscid Solution of the Steady., Hypersonic Near Wake by a Time-Dependent Method

The steady near wake of a slender, two-dimensional flat-based body at hypersonic velocity is analyzed within the context of an inviscid, rotational flow. The upstream boundary layer is considered the source of vorticity convected into the base region; the generation of additional viscous stresses within this region, heat transfer to the base, and diffusion of the vorticity are neglected. The over-all structure of the base flow pattern is the result of an inviscid interaction between the subsonic, recirculating flow and the outer, supersonic rotational stream. In this sense the proposed model represents the first term in the conventional asymptotic expansion in inverse powers of Reynolds number by which viscous effects are identified and systematically determined. Numerical solutions are carried out by a time-dependent method known as the two-step Lax-Wendroff technique. The steady-state solution is obtained asymptotically ; in this manner the complexities associated with the steady problem are effectively circumvented. Comparisons with experimental data are presented.
Long-Term Care Case Management: A Look at Alternative Models

Case management has increased substantially and is now an integral component of the home care system in the United States. Although case management has been implemented in home care programs since the 1970s, the core components of the intervention have remained unchanged. Standardization of practice can be important; however, it is also necessary for care paradigms to be modified as the health and long-term care systems change. This article presents alternative approaches to delivering case management now being tested in two home care programs funded through community property tax levies.
Passive Vibration Control Scheme Using Circular Viscoelastic Waveguide Absorbers

A waveguide absorber is a device mounted on a vibrating structure at the selected points to transfer energy from the structure to the device which dampens the energy. The waveguide absorbers reported here are made of viscoelastic material which absorbs vibration energy and dissipates it in the form of heat. The novelty of this approach to damping is the simplicity of application and the effectiveness in the broadband frequency range with relatively less material. In this study, the impedances of the circular viscoelastic waveguide absorbers were evaluated experimentally at different temperatures and the results were compared with those of prediction. The application of the waveguide absorbers in the most effective manner to maximize damping of the structure is also studied. The impedance matching techniques were studies to minimize the vibration amplitude of the structure.
The impact of small business B2B virtual community commitment on brand loyalty

In effort to focus research attention on emerging business-to-business (B2B) virtual communities (VCs), we review and extend business-to-consumer (B2C) literature, resource-advantage theory and relationship marketing to describe how community-hosting organisations build brand loyalty in B2B markets. We explain how functional usefulness, system quality, business opportunity, dialogue initiation and response frequency impact B2B VC commitment and brand loyalty towards the community-hosting organisation. Results of this study support hypotheses that B2B VCs critically impact relationship marketing. Further, functional usefulness, system quality, business opportunity, dialogue initiation and response frequency impact B2B community commitment and brand loyalty.