cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gliding Motility Leads to Active Cellular Invasion by Cryptosporidium parvum Sporozoites

We examined gliding motility and cell invasion by an early-branching apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum, which causes diarrheal disease in humans and animals. Real-time video microscopy demonstrated that C. parvum sporozoites undergo circular and helical gliding, two of the three stereotypical movements exhibited by Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. C. parvum sporozoites moved more rapidly than T. gondii sporozoites, which showed the same rates of motility as tachyzoites. Motility by C. parvum sporozoites was prevented by latrunculin B and cytochalasin D, drugs that depolymerize the parasite actin cytoskeleton, and by the myosin inhibitor 2,3-butanedione monoxime. Imaging of the initial events in cell entry by Cryptosporidium revealed that invasion occurs rapidly; however, the parasite does not enter deep into the cytosol but rather remains at the cell surface in a membrane-bound compartment. Invasion did not stimulate rearrangement of the host cell cytoskeleton and was inhibited by cytochalasin D, even in host cells that were resistant to the drug. Our studies demonstrate that C. parvum relies on a conserved actin-myosin motor for motility and active penetration of its host cell, thus establishing that this is a widely conserved feature of the Apicomplexa.
Clinical Impact of Bortezomib in Frontline Regimens for Patients with Multiple Myeloma

1. Discuss the efficacy of bortezomib as part of primary therapy for patients with multiple myeloma. 2. Describe the safety of bortezomib and bortezomib-based regimens in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma. ABSTRACT Standard frontline therapy for multiple myeloma com- prisescytoreductivetherapywithorwithoutconsolidative high-dose therapy plus stem cell transplantation (HDT- SCT). Despite therapeutic advances, the disease remains incurable; most patients relapse following frontline treat- ment and die within 5 years of diagnosis. New options are required to enhance and prolong response, and improve survival, particularly for elderly patients and those with renal dysfunction. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability of bortezomib to enhance the activity of com- monly used myeloma agents, an observation validated through clinical studies in both the relapsed and frontline settings. This review focuses on the growing body of clini- cal evidence showing the effectiveness of bortezomib and bortezomib-based combinations in newly diagnosed pa- tients, characterized by high overall response rates and consistently high rates of complete response. A number of studies incorporating bortezomib as part of induction therapy have demonstrated no adverse impact of bort- ezomib on stem cell harvest and engraftment in patients proceeding to transplantation. The higher rates of com- plete response typically associated with bortezomib treat- ment may potentially improve clinical outcomes in this setting. Final results from ongoing phase III studies of bortezomib-based combinations versus standard regi- mens will help define the optimal use of bortezomib as a standard component of frontline therapy for multiple myeloma. The Oncologist 2007;12:978 -990
Time Spent With Children and Working Parents' Willingness to Medicate ADHD-Like Behaviors

1. Bora Pajo[1][1] 2. David Cohen[2][2] 1. 1Mercyhurst University, Erie, PA, USA 2. 2University of California, Los Angeles, USA 1. Bora Pajo, Assistant Professor, Mercyhurst University, 501 East 38th Street, Erie, PA 16546, USA. Email: bpajo{at}mercyhurst.edu How much time parents spend with their children is likely to influence their judgments of children’s behaviors and the behaviors themselves. In the diagnosis of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parents are key informants and decide whether their children should receive medication. This exploratory study investigates the relationship between working parents’ willingness to medicate ADHD-like behaviors and the time they can spend with their children during a regular workday. The participants (409 parents of 5- to 17- year-old children reporting having no child with emotional or behavioral problems and 87 reporting having such a child) were drawn from a population-based telephone survey of parents stratified by race and ethnicity in two urban Florida counties. Path analysis models, controlling for selected sociodemographic and household variables, showed that spending more time with one’s children during a regular workday and self-identifying as African American were negatively related to willingness to medicate among parents of children with problems. Among parents reporting no children with problems, only the number of children in the household and the parent-type household showed relationships to willingness to medicate, while mothers were more likely than fathers to spend more time with children. These observed relationships were of moderate effect but underscore the importance to initiate studies using valid measures of quantity and quality of parental time spent with ADHD children, and to query parents on these points when assessing the information they provide to clinicians. [1]: #aff-1 [2]: #aff-2
The Quality of a Language Sample as a Function of Its Placement in an Assessment Battery.

Language evaluations in a clinical setting typically involve both standardized testing, in which a child is often required to merely point to correct responses, and the collection of a spontaneous language sample that is later subjected to various analyses. The present study sought to determine if beginning an evaluation with standardized tests that require only a pointing response might not predispose a child to talk less and use less complex language, since such tests require little or no verbal response. The results indicated that the placement of the elicitation of the spontaneous language sample in the initial language evaluation did not influence the length, complexity or spontaneity of the samples obtained from the children studied. These findings suggest that the clinician can exercise flexibility in choosing the order of presentation of diagnostic procedures in an initial language assessment.
Research Methodologies for Contingency Approaches to Business Strategy

A multisite, multisource research methodology is suggested for students of corporate strategy in order to attain generalizability and statistical significance in reporting findings while not losing the nuances and understanding of each firm's environmental context. A way of incorporating testable hypotheses into sampling designs is suggested and elements of the methodology are illustrated using extant strategy research publications.
MEMS Microshutter Arrays for James Webb Space Telescope

Two-dimensional MEMS microshutter arrays are being developed at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for use in the near-infrared region on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The microshutter arrays are designed for the selective transmission of light with high efficiency and high contrast. The JWST environment requires cryogenic operation at 35K. Microshutter arrays are fabricated out of silicon-oxide-insulated (SOI) silicon wafers. Arrays are close-packed silicon nitride membranes with a pixel size of 100x200 p. Individual shutters are patterned with a torsion flexure permitting shutters to open 90 degrees with a minimized mechanical stress concentration. The mechanical shutter arrays are fabricated using MEMS technologies. The processing includes a multi- layer metal deposition and patterning of shutter electrodes and magnetic pads, reactive ion etching (NE) of the front side to form shutters out of the nitride membrane, an anisotropic back-etch for wafer thinning, followed by a deep RIE (DRIE) back-etch down to the nitride shutter membrane to form W e s and relieve shutters from the silicon substrate. An additional metal deposition and patterning is used to form back electrodes. Shutters are actuated using a magnetic force and latched using an electrostatic force. . . . KEYWORDS: microshutter, MEMS, RIE, DRIE, micro-optics, near inbred, space telescope
Implementing Public Innovations in Network Settings

Practitioners and scholars have devoted considerable attention in recent years to initiating public innovations-to the relative neglect of how to ensure the implementation of such efforts. Executing innovations over the longer term, particularly in complex networksettings, can be expected to be problematic. And yet networks are likely to be crucial institutional settingsfor the implementation ofpublic innovations. The analytic approach of game theory, used heuristically, can identify a set of actions useful to public managers in enhancing prospects that sound innovations will succeed. The implications of this inquiry run counter to some of the themes used as mantras in the recent reinvention discussion andfocus attention on the centrality of institutional infrastructure, trust, and obligation for innovative success into the future.
Interval mapping of quantitative trait loci for time-to-event data with the proportional hazards mixture cure model.

Summary. Interval mapping using normal mixture models has been an important tool for analyzing quantitative traits in experimental organisms. When the primary phenotype is time-to-event, it is natural to use survival models such as Cox’s proportional hazards model instead of normal mixtures to model the phenotype distribution. An extra challenge for modeling time-to-event data is that the underlying population may consist of susceptible and nonsusceptible subjects. In this article, we propose a semiparametric proportional hazards mixture cure model which allows missing covariates. We discuss applications to quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping when the primary trait is time-to-event from a population of mixed susceptibility. This model can be used to characterize QTL effects on both susceptibility and time-to-event distribution, and to estimate QTL location. The model can naturally incorporate covariate effects of other risk factors. Maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters in the model as well as their corresponding variance estimates can be obtained numerically using an EM-type algorithm. The proposed methods are assessed by simulations under practical settings and illustrated using a real data set containing survival times of mice after infection with Listeria monocytogenes. An extension to multiple intervals is also discussed.
Could Neurotrophins Replace Treadmill Training as Locomotor Therapy Following Spinal Cord Injury? Focus on “Neurotrophic Factors Promote and Enhance Locomotor Recovery in Untrained Spinalized Cats”

How to repair the injured spinal cord is a question that scientists have struggled with for decades. The answer is of course still a mystery. But ask people on the street for their opinion and they will likely offer something like “stem cells” as the solution. I find it amusing (and honestly, a
Intrametropolitan Trade: Understanding the Interdependency of the Central-City and Edge Cities

Recent research in urban and regional economics has shown that cities have taken on a polycentric (as opposed to monocentric) form. Much attention has focused on identifying and categorizing the numer- ous employment centers in a vast number of metropolitan areas. How- ever, these studies have repeatedly demonstrated that well less than half of all employment in a metropolitan area is located within these centers. This paper uses a new approach, the tabulation of current accounts in la- bor services for municipalities, to examine employment patterns both in- side and outside of employment centers in metropolitan Cleveland. Sig- nificant specialization is found both inside and outside of centers, and suburbs are labeled as either net importers or net exporters of labor ser- vices. Approximately $23.8 billion of labor services were traded between municipalities in the Cleveland metropolitan area in 1994.
A Localized Prediction Model for Statistical Machine Translation

In this paper, we present a novel training method for a localized phrase-based prediction model for statistical machine translation (SMT). The model predicts blocks with orientation to handle local phrase re-ordering. We use a maximum likelihood criterion to train a log-linear block bigram model which uses real-valued features (e.g. a language model score) as well as binary features based on the block identities themselves, e.g. block bigram features. Our training algorithm can easily handle millions of features. The best system obtains a 18.6% improvement over the baseline on a standard Arabic-English translation task.
Upper airway radiofrequency ablation with nasal surgery: An effective and cost‐effective strategy for socially‐disruptive snoring

6 Week Follow-up. After an initial post-operative follow-up, patients were seen in the office 6 weeks after surgery. The patient was instructed to come with the RFA device that they had been given after the initial surgery. All patients were encouraged to undergo a second stage RFA of the palate in the office. Due to concerns of patients tolerance, tongue RFA was not repeated in the office unless the patient had continued snoring after a series of palate RFA titrations. The procedure was performed while sitting upright under local anesthesia. The soft palate was anesthetized with 14% Benzocaine spray followed by injection of 8cc of 1% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine into the soft palate. The previously used RFA applicator was cleaned with an alcohol swab. A similar pattern of 6 RFA lesions of 300 J each was then applied. The RFA applicator was again cleaned with an alcohol swab and handed to the patient. In most cases, the patient was given a prescription for hydrocodone and a steroid taper pack.
Positive and Negative: Infant Facial Expressions and Emotions

One path to understanding emotional processes and their development is the investigation of early facial expressions. Converging evidence suggests that although all infant smiles index positive emotion, some smiles are more positive than others. The evidence stems both from the situations in which infants produce different facial expressions and from naive observers’ ratings of the emotional intensity of the expressions. The observers’ ratings also suggest that similar facial actions—such as cheek raising—lead smiles to be perceived as more positive and lead negative expressions (cry-faces) to be perceived as more negative. One explanation for this parsimony is that certain facial actions are associated with the intensification of both positive and negative emotions.
A UAV-based computer engineering capstone senior design project

The paper describes the development of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for a capstone senior design project in computer engineering. The student portion of the project involved the development of a flight control system for the UAV. The flight control system was based on the Atmel FPSLIC device. The FPSLIC contains an 8-bit AVR microcontroller and a 40K gate-equivalent field programmable gate array which allowed the students to implement components of the flight control system in both hardware and software. The overall system architecture and implementation of the flight control system are described.
Near-field microphone array design for a hands-free system in a vehicle by using the nash genetic algorithm

The near-field beamforming method is investigated in this study for a replacement of current hands-free system of a cell phone. The goal of this array system is to design a beamformer covering 250Hz to 8kHz of voice frequency band in conjunction with constant beamwidth technique. Though the acoustical array is effective in a reverberant field, its use is limited at low frequencies because arrays longer than 1 meter are difficult to install inside a vehicle. Furthermore, it is especially impractical to use circular coordinates inside a vehicle because the sound source, a human mouth, remains a fixed distance from and moves parallel to the surface of the vehicle's headliner. For the delay-and-sum beamformer in a near field, it is difficult to derive the complex coefficients, namely, the amplitude weight and time delay, by analytical methods. This study first describes a sound-field analysis using one popular method, the finite-element method. By obtaining the global information, the data reveal the characteristic of the interior sound field near the installation space for a microphone array. Second, a numerical optimization method for designing a fixed microphone array in the near field is investigated that uses the Nash genetic algorithm (Nash GA), which was originally used in electromagnetism problems. The Nash GA determines the optimal geometry of an element alignment for the inside of a vehicle and then generates the complex coefficients at the first stage. Unlike in a far-field array, the phase response in a near-field array plays a key role. Therefore, a second stage is added to filter out coefficients with which the responses are cancelled out in the main lobe. Third, based on the results from the algorithm, the array is implemented with two PCI-4472s, which are 8-channel simultaneous analog sampling devices. The results, measured in an anechoic chamber, correspond to the results of a computer simulation. The array performance satisfies the requirements for hands-free mobile telephony where the microphone array is installed in a vehicle's headliner. To investigate the signal-to-noise ratio, the data is also measured in a reverberant field, like a classroom.
Discounting delayed and probabilistic rewards: Processes and traits

Discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards was examined in two relatively large samples (N s > 100). For both types of rewards, a hyperbola-like discounting function provided good fits to individual data. Amount of reward had opposite effects on temporal and probability discounting: Smaller delayed rewards were discounted more steeply than larger delayed rewards, whereas larger probabilistic rewards were discounted more steeply than smaller probabilistic rewards. The nonlinear scaling parameter of the hyperbola-like function was larger for larger probabilistic rewards, but did not vary with the amount of delayed reward. Taken together, these findings suggest that despite the similar form of the temporal and probability discounting functions, separate processes may underlie the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards. Finally, weak to moderate positive correlations were observed between the discounting of delayed and probabilistic rewards. This finding is inconsistent with the notion of an ‘‘impulsiveness’’ trait that links an inability to delay gratification with a tendency to gamble and take risks. 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Conservation biological control of rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), in eastern North America

Because of the potentially serious damage rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) (Homoptera: Aphididae), can cause to apple fruit and branch development, prophylactic insecticides are often used for control. If biological control could be relied on, the amount of pesticide applied in orchards could be reduced. This study examined biological control of rosy apple aphid in eastern West Virginia and the potential for enhancement through conservation biological control, in particular, the effect of interplanting extrafloral nectar-bearing peach trees. By 20 d after first bloom, only 2% of fundatrices initially present survived to form colonies based on regression of data from 687 colonies. Exclusion studies showed that many of the early colonies were probably destroyed by predation; the major predator responsible seemed to be adult Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Mortality before apple bloom was most important in controlling rosy apple aphid population growth but by itself is not sufficiently reliable to prevent economic injury. Interplanting of extrafloral nectar-bearing trees did not increase biological control, and interplanting with 50% trees with extrafloral nectar glands reduced biological control. The number of leaf curl colonies in the 50% interplanted orchards was lower than in monoculture orchards, suggesting a preference of alate oviparae for more diverse habitats, supporting the resource concentration hypothesis but not at a level sufficient to prevent injury. Predation and parasitism after the formation of leaf curl colonies was not adequate to control rosy apple aphid populations.
Early urologic considerations in patients with persistent cloaca

Cloacal malformations represent one of the most complex conditions among anorectal malformations. Urologic conditions occur with an increased frequency in cloaca patients compared to patients with other types of ARM. The morbidity of the upper and lower urinary tract dysfunction/malformations at times can be severe; manifested by urinary tract infection, lower urinary tract symptoms, urinary incontinence, chronic kidney disease, and even end stage renal disease. Long-term follow-up of patients with cloaca has described significant chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Whether this rate of chronic kidney disease is a function of intrinsic renal dysplasia or acquired renal injury from neurogenic bladder is currently unknown. However, it is well known that severe lower urinary tract dysfunction, no matter the etiology, poses significant risk to the upper tracts when untreated. Neonatal assessment of the urinary tract accompanied by early identification of abnormal structure and function is therefore fundamental to minimize the impact of any urologic condition on the child's overall health. Adequate management of any associated bladder dysfunction is essential to preserving renal function, minimizing risk of urinary tract infection, and potentially avoiding need for future reconstructive surgery. This article summarizes our institution's approach to the ongoing early urologic management in patients with cloaca.
Ultradry Carbon Dioxide-in-Water Foams with Viscoelastic Aqueous Phases.

For foams with ultra low water contents, the capillary pressure is very large and induces rapid drainage that destabilizes the aqueous lamellae between the gas bubbles. However, we show that high-pressure CO2-in-water foams can be stabilized with a viscoelastic aqueous phase composed of entangled wormlike micelles, even for extremely high CO2 volume fractions ϕ of 0.95 to 0.98; the viscosity of these ultradry foams increased by up to 3–4-fold, reaching more than 100 cP relative to foams formed with conventional low viscosity aqueous phases. The foam morphology consisted of fine ∼20 μm polyhedral-shaped CO2 bubbles that were stable for hours. The wormlike micelles were formed by mixing anionic sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) with salt and a protonated cationic surfactant, as shown by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and large values of the zero-shear viscosity and the dynamic storage and loss moduli. With the highly viscous continuous aqueous phases, the foam lamella drainage rates ...
Welded Constructional Alloy Steel Plate Girders

The results of four static tests on two welded constructional alloy steel plate girders are summarized and examined. The test girders were proportioned so that shear failure would be obtained. A shear strength theory based on the development of tension field action is reviewed, and its applicability to girders made of steel with a high yield point is checked with the test results. It is concluded that the theory can be applied to girders made of any structural steel.
Alteration of Pulsatile LH Secretion in Monkeys by Pentobarbital Anesthesia

AbstractThe effects of deep barbiturate anesthesia on pulsatile LH secretion were determined in nine ovariectomized macaque monkeys (Macaca nemestrina and Macaca mulatto). To allow each monkey to serve as its own control, gonadotropin secretion was evaluated twice in each one, once while conscious and once while anesthetized. Anesthesia was induced by the injection of 60-120 mg sodium pentobarbital (iv) followed by the continuous infusion (12 hr) of sodium pentobarbital at 15 mg/hr. Blood samples were drawn every 30 min for the duration of the experiment (12 hr). The frequency of LH pulses in conscious monkeys (5.4 ± 0.7 pulses/12 hr) was significantly greater (P < 0.001) than that in anesthetized monkeys (2.8 ± 0.2 pulses/12 hr). Pulse characteristics were also different between the two groups. In conscious monkeys LH pulses peaked in one 30-min sample and then gradually declined over the next two to five samples. In contrast, LH pulses were sustained over two to four 30-min samples and then declined ove...
An incomplete form of familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency presenting with type I hyperlipoproteinemia.

The author reports the case of a patient With an incomplete form of familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency associated with type I hyperlipoproteinemia manifesting an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. The patient presented with hepatosplenomegaly, abdominal pain, and fasting chylomicronemia. A Western diet elicited a steep increase in plasma triglyceride concentration and the appearance of floating chylomicrons over a clear infranatant in fasting plasma. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity was moderately reduced to 38% of control values. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was 10% of normal, whereas his muscle enzyme activity was within the reference range. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of plasma apolipoproteins revealed the presence of normal activator (apolipoprotein C-II). These results confirm the importance of the adipose tissue enzyme for the clearance of diet-derived plasma triglycerides.
IS THERE ANY ROLE OF MANUAL THROMBECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION? AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS

The clinical effect of routine thrombectomy before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in uncertain as clinical trials have produced conflicting data. We evaluated the current data comparing thrombectomy followed by PCI
Diaminodiphenylsulfone resistance of Mycobacterium leprae due to mutations in the dihydropteroate synthase gene

The relation between diaminodiphenylsulfone (called dapsone)-resistance and point mutations of the dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene was analyzed using dapsone resistant Mycobacterium leprae isolates derived from Japanese leprosy patients. The mutation was found at amino acid residues 53 or 55 of the DHPS. This finding suggests that two specific mutations in the DHPS gene involved in dapsone resistance of M. leprae.
A Systematic Review of Beliefs About Hypertension and its Treatment Among African Americans

The prevalence of hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension is higher among African Americans than any other ethnicity in the USA. Certain patient medical beliefs may lead to adverse health behaviors. The aim of this study was to systematically review and narratively synthesize beliefs about hypertension among African Americans. In a narrative review of 22 studies, many participants attributed hypertension to stress and fatty foods. Hypertension was perceived to be an episodic, symptomatic disease. Many patients exhibited a strong faith in the efficacy of medications, but used them as needed to treat perceived intermittent hypertensive episodes or infrequently to avoid addiction and dependence. Home remedies were often reported to be used concurrently to treat the folk disease “high blood” or in place of medications associated with unwanted effects. Nevertheless, participants were invested in treatment of hypertension to prevent long-term complications. Trends over time suggest that beliefs about hypertension among African Americans have change significantly and now reflect the currently accepted biomedical model. African American beliefs about hypertension may frequently differ from those of healthcare professionals. These results suggest that reconciliation of differences between patient and provider expectations for disease management may improve adherence to and acceptance of medical treatments among African Americans with hypertension. Nevertheless, discordant health beliefs are common among all patients and additional work to elucidate beliefs of other patient subgroups such as age and gender is warranted.
Interaction of Al2O3 and CeO2 surfaces with SO2 and SO2 + O2 studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

The interaction of Al2O3 and CeO2 thin films with sulfur dioxide (2.5 mbar) or with mixtures of SO2 with O2 (5 mbar) at various temperatures (30−400 °C) was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The analysis of temperature-induced transformations of S2p spectra allowed us to identify sulfite and sulfate species and determine the conditions of their formation on the oxide surfaces. Sulfite ions, SO32-, which are characterized by the S2p3/2 binding energy (BE) of ∼167.5 eV, were shown to be formed during the interaction of the oxide films with pure SO2 at temperatures ≤200 °C, whereas sulfate ions, SO42-, with BE (S2p3/2) ∼169 eV were produced at temperatures ≥300 °C. The formation of both the sulfite and sulfate species proceeds more efficiently in the case of CeO2. The addition of oxygen to SO2 suppresses the formation of the sulfite species on both oxides and facilitates the formation of the sulfate species. Again, this enhancement is more significant for the CeO2 film than for the Al2O3 one...
Why do people lie online? Because everyone lies on the internet

In this study, we examined online deception across four different online venues (i.e., social media, online dating, anonymous chat rooms, and sexual websites) in a sample of 272 U.S. adults (average age=32.22 years) recruited through Amazons MTurk. Few of the participants (16%32%) reported that they were or would be always honest across these sites, and even fewer (02%) suspected that others were always honest in these different online venues. In terms of types of lie, most (5590%) believed that others were at least sometimes lying about their age, gender, activities, interests, and appearance across the four online venues. Ninety percent expected others to lie at least sometimes about their appearance (most expected lie type) and 55% expected others to lie at least sometimes about their gender (least expected lie type). However, although they expected people to lie more about their gender on sites with more anonymity and invisibility (like anonymous chat rooms and sexual websites), they expected equal rates of lies about appearance across all four websites, even on sites where users provide pictures and have shared acquaintances. Moreover, perceptions of others lying behavior on the venue were more significant predictors of own lying behavior than any of the personal characteristics we measured (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, extraversion, or internet addiction). The importance of mutuality was further reinforced by qualitative comments that showed that, in addition to lying to look more attractive or for privacy or protection concerns, some people lie because everyone lies on the internet. Only 1632% reported self-honesty, and 02% expected others honesty online.People expected the most lies on sexual websites and the fewest on social media.People expected more lies about appearance and fewer lies about gender.Ratings of others lying behavior predicted own lying behavior across websites.Contextual factors more important than personality factors for own lying behavior.
Illustration of Collapsible Graph Algorithm

In this section we will present an example of how the collapsible graph algorithm works. Our illustration uses a short, simple code segment involving matrix operands, however the program graph of this code segment contains a shared node. A memory model is provided, from which meaningful cost functions for the program operations are derived. These cost functions are illustrated as tables indexed by the shapes of operands and results. We then go through a process of three graph reductions, eventually reducing the graph to a single node, and in the process finding a shape assignment for each matrix operand.
Muscle Fatigue in Old Animals

Muscle atrophy, weakness, injury, and fatigue are inevitable and immutable concomitants of old age. Atrophy results from a gradual process of fiber denervation with loss of some fibers and atrophy of others. Fast fibers show more denervation and atrophy than slow fibers. Some fast fibers are reinnervated by axonal sprouting from slow fibers resulting in remodeling of motor units. With aging, the decreases in strength and power are greater than expected from the loss in muscle mass. Contraction-induced injury is proposed as a mechanism of the fast fiber denervation. With atrophy and weakness, human beings show a dramatic decrease in endurance and increase in fatigability with aging, but strength and endurance training slows the process.
The Manis Mastodon: An Alternative Interpretation

Over the past several decades, there have been occasional discoveries of possible sites of human predation on, or possibly scavenging of, proboscideans. Some 15 sites have produced diagnostic Clovi...
Review of organic binders for iron ore concentrate agglomeration

Low-grade iron ores are finely ground and processed to recover iron-bearing minerals. However, the iron-rich powder is too fine to be used directly in blast furnaces and most direct reduction furnaces, and must be agglomerated or pelletized into a usable product called “pellets.” Bentonite clay has traditionally been used as a binder to make iron ore concentrate pellets, but it is expensive and contaminates the pellets. Organic binders may be a viable alternative to bentonite clay. This manuscript reviews organic materials that have been used to make iron ore concentrate pellets. Included are discussions on the development of organic binders, common pros and cons to organic binder use, organic binder structure and its effects on agglomeration, and additives to organic binders.
The role of anterior interbody fusion (ALIF and XLIF with anterior column release) in the surgical management of adult spinal deformity

Abstract Anterior interbody fusions are commonly used in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. The addition of anterior fusions to posterior constructs offers increased construct stability, improved fusion rates, and better lordosis restoration. The anterior column is most commonly accessed by the anterior retroperitoneal approach, in which the anterior longitudinal ligament is resected, or by the lateral transpsoas approach, which offers the ability to either leave the anterior longitudinal ligament intact or resect it as part of anterior column realignment. Complications are mostly approach-related and include vascular, visceral, and neurological injury.
Technological innovation and convergent journalism.: Case study on the transformation process of Bavaria’s public broadcasting service

As a consequence of technological innovations and their social utilisation, media organisations and newsrooms are undergoing a fundamental transformation process. This article analyses the interrelations between technological innovations and the challenges of convergent journalism. Studies conducted on newsroom convergence to date set out from one-sided influences: They investigated the extent to which technical innovations determine the newsrooms, or whether journalistic structures and long-range trends are so strong as to largely obstruct the adoption of new technologies in journalism. Therefore technology — especially in studies carried out on newsroom convergence — is considered as an influencing factor on somehow resisting or non-resisting newsrooms. We broaden the scope of this investigation by considering that any such influence might not come exclusively from technology, but that impulses can come also from innovative newsrooms: technological gaps, wishes and obstacles are identified from the journalist's viewpoint and brought to the attention of the developers of newsroom technologies — on the basis of empirical research findings from a case study of Bavaria’s public broadcasting service, Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR). With its 5.000 employees, BR is one of Germany's largest media organisations. It is undergoing a fundamental and long-term convergence process. A variety of gaps, problems and wishes came to light from 25 in-depth interviews with journalists working on innovative projects. For example, criticism is expressed of complicated, partly unknown or non-existent networking of cross-media production systems. There is a desire for the increased use of consumer devices like smartphones in professional news production. There exists a creative potential for innovative solutions, but these are not comprehensively evaluated. To date, there has been no systematic implementation of the findings of innovative media projects in everyday journalistic practice.
Complication Management: Nonunions

Surgical nonunion is a complex condition encountered by foot and ankle surgeons. The successful management of nonunions requires an understanding of bone healing, an awareness of medical conditions that contribute to abnormalities of bone metabolism, knowledge of technical issues that predispose patients to nonunion, and a thorough comprehension of fixation principles. Many cases benefit from a multidisciplinary team approach, and recruiting the assistance of other medical/surgical specialists and allied health professionals is encouraged to achieve successful outcomes.
Evaluation of Duloxetine Effectiveness in the Management of DPNP with Respect to Baseline Characteristics

Objective To examine impact of age, gender, origin, duration of diabetic neuropathy, type of diabetes, and pain severity on treatment outcome of duloxetine (DLX) in the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). Methods Data from 3 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (1-3) were pooled. In Study 1, 457 patients with DPNP were randomly assigned to DLX 20 mg QD, 60 mg QD, 60 mg BID, or placebo. In Studies 2 and 3, 334 and 348 patients, respectively, were randomly assigned to DLX 60 mg QD, 60 mg BID, or placebo. DLX 20 mg QD was not included in the analyses due to its ineffectiveness found in Study 1. Primary efficacy measure was the weekly mean score of 24-Hour Average Pain Severity collected by patient’s diary on 11-point Likert scale. Subgroup impact was evaluated for combined DLX doses with references to placebo group. Results DLX 60 mg QD and 60 mg BID significantly improved weekly mean scores of 24-Hour Average Pain Severity in each study (p Conclusion These studies suggested that DLX was effective and safe in the treatment of DPNP, and its effectiveness was invariant with respect to baseline conditions. Funding provided by Eli Lilly and Company.
Subscription Alternations: Usage of Canceled Journal Subscriptions via Article Delivery Methods

In response to a cancellation of numerous journal subscriptions, Bradley University's Cullom-Davis Library added Copyright Clearance Center's Get it Now service in 2012. It was anticipated that thi...
Hyperkalemia in the Hypertensive Patient

Hyperkalemia develops in a patient with systemic arterial hypertension (HTN) if one or more risk factors are present, namely chronic kidney disease (CKD) (especially severe stage 4-5 CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), heart failure (HF), or pharmacological therapies that interfere with potassium homeostasis, mainly through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibition (RAASi). Hyperkalemia is a considerable reason of morbidity (emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations) and portends a higher mortality risk in patients at risk; for instance, hyperkalemia increases the risk of mortality within 1 day of a hyperkalemic event. This review aims to identify the risk factors for high-serum potassium, highlight the risk versus benefit of RAASi in certain patient populations, and outline preventive as well as therapeutic strategies for hyperkalemia. A growing body of evidence supports the safety and efficacy of cation-exchange resins, patiromer, or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, in patients with a compelling indication for RAASi, yet in whom such therapy was complicated by hyperkalemia, allowing these patients to benefit from continued RAASi therapy. In summary, novel cation exchange polymers present the clinician with a new and safe strategy to address hyperkalemia in patients with a compelling indication for ongoing RAASi therapy instead of withdrawal of such therapy.
967 Evaluating temperature changes and volatile organic compound off-gassing in turnout protective gear ensembles among florida firefighters

Introduction Firefighter protective gear ensembles have been shown in controlled laboratory and staged live fire training experiments, to collect and harbour carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Protective gear is often time transported in the personal vehicle of firefighters, resulting in cross-contamination between the vehicle and the fire incident environment. In the Southern United States particularly, ambient warmer temperatures may influence the rate of VOC gear off-gassing. This pilot study characterises temperature and particle off-gassing of firefighter turnout gear immediately following a 24 hour work shift. Methods Twelve sets of gear were obtained from South Florida career firefighters. Their protective gear, including helmet, gloves, hood, pants, boots and turnout coat, were placed in a large vacuum sealed Pelican case immediately after a 24 hour work shift. Turn-out gear was randomly selected at each fire station regardless of fire exposure. A photoionization gas detector (0.2 to 200 ppm), MetOne particle counter, Chromosorb diffusion patch, and a temperature logger were placed in each case with the ensemble for a 24 hour collection period. Results In two extreme observation points, VOC off-gassing was moderately, but significantly, correlated with temperature changes within the exposed gear (case#1: r=0.50; p Discussion Firefighter turnout gear used during real-life fire incident response events was documented to release VOCs and particles immediately after a 24 hour work shift. These results suggest the importance of the development of robust decontamination procedures immediately following a fire incident response is needed to reduce exposure to potential carcinogens from firefighter protective gear.
Cobalt POCOP Pincer Complexes via Ligand C–H Bond Activation with Co2(CO)8: Catalytic Activity for Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes in an Open vs a Closed System

A series of cobalt POCOP pincer complexes with the formulas {2,6-(iPr2PO)2-4-R′-C6H2}Co(CO)2 (R′ = H (1a), NMe2 (1b), OMe (1c), CO2Me (1d)), {2,6-(Ph2PO)2C6H3}Co(CO)2 (1e), and {2,6-(tBu2PO)2C6H3}Co(CO) (2f) have been synthesized through C–H bond activation of the corresponding pincer ligands with Co2(CO)8. These complexes have been demonstrated to catalyze the hydrosilylation of PhCHO with (EtO)3SiH, which exhibits an induction period and the decreasing reactivity order 1b > 1c > 1a > 1d > 1e. The catalytic protocol can be applied to various aldehydes with turnover numbers of up to 300. The CO ligands in the dicarbonyl complexes have been shown to exchange with 13CO at room temperature and partially dissociate from cobalt at high temperatures. Substitution of CO by tert-butyl isocyanide has been accomplished with 1a at 50–80 °C, resulting in the formation of {2,6-(iPr2PO)2C6H3}Co(CNtBu)(CO) (3a) and {2,6-(iPr2PO)2C6H3}Co(CNtBu)2 (4a). The catalytic reactions are more efficient when they are carried out i...
The Child with Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in the Family

In this chapter, we begin with a review of literature examining the child with Conduct Disorder (CD) or Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in the family setting, focusing on research using groups defined by DSM criteria. Next, we provide an integrative summary of findings in various domains, including marital discord and status, family functioning, parenting characteristics, parent—child interactions, and parental characteristics and psychopathology. We then identify methodological issues that may affect interpretation of results. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical models, including coercion theory (e.g., Patterson, 1976, 1982), attachment theory (e.g., Greenberg, Speltz, & DeKlyen, 1993), and a model of genotype—environment interaction (e.g.,Scarr, 1989, 1992; Scarr & McCartney, 1983). We propose that the latter model offers a promising framework within which to conceptualize family influences on causal pathways and correlates of CD and ODD.
Postoncospheral development and cycle of Taenia polyacantha Leuckart, 1856 (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Second part.

The postoncospheral development and cycle of Taenia polyacantha Leuckart, 1856, an holarctic species of cestode, were investigated in the laboratory as well as in the tundra of northern Alaska. Foxes, Alopex lapogus (L.) and Vulpes vulpes (L.), serve as final host of T. polyacantha ; the northern vole, Microtus œconomus (Pallas), and the brown lemming, Lemmus sibiricus (Kerr), are important as the intermediate host. As determined in experimentally infected voles and lemmings, the oncosphere of T. polyacantha transformed to a primary vesicle in the liver. On the 6th day postexposure, coinciding with its migration to the peritoneal cavity, the larval cestode consisted of a minute aggregation of secondary vesicles. By 9-10 days postexposure, the secondary vesicles dissociated, thereafter developing independently to infective cysticerci by 30-40 days postexposure. At an age of about 60 days, the infective larvae began to undergo further growth and morphological modification, which led to acquisition of some strobilar characteristics by the forebody. Such late transformation of a cysticercus to a more advanced form of larva is known otherwise only in Taenia martis (Zeder, 1803). Differences in numbers and sizes of rostellar hooks provided the basis for recognition of two taxa at the infraspecific level: Taenia p. polyacantha Leuckart, 1856, distributed in Eurasia to the south of the zone of tundra, and T. p. arctica ssp. nov., present throughout the holarctic tundra. Observations concerning interactions of T. polyacantha and its hosts are discussed.
Little's Law as Viewed on its 50th Anniversary.

Fifty years ago, the author published a paper in Operations Research with the title, “A proof for the queuing formula: L D aW ” [Little, J. D. C. 1961. A proof for the queuing formula: L D aW . Oper. Res. 9(3) 383‐387]. Over the years, L D aW has become widely known as “Little’s Law.” Basically, it is a theorem in queuing theory. It has become well known because of its theoretical and practical importance. We report key developments in both areas with the emphasis on practice. In the latter, we collect new material and search for insights on the use of Little’s Law within the fields of operations management and computer architecture. Subject classifications: Little’s Law; queuing theory; operations management; computer engineering; computer