cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Waardenburg syndrome with extended aganglionosis: report of 3 new cases

Abstract Purpose The Waardenburg-Shah syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease with varied penetration where Hirschsprung's disease and the Waardenburg syndrome are seen together. Although the length of the involved intestinal segment varies in this syndrome, most patients had total colonic aganglionosis with or without small bowel involvement. We present in this study 2 siblings and one first-degree relative for a total of 3 male patients with Waardenburg syndrome and total colonic aganglionosis with or without small bowel involvement, together with their clinical characteristics and treatment methods. Patients The patients who presented with intestinal obstruction findings within the first 48 hours after birth were operated on with 2 patients under elective conditions and 1 as an emergency. The ganglionic segment lengths were 6, 8, and 20 cm, respectively. Aganglionic enterostomy was performed, and the Ziegler operation was used for these patients. The enterostomies started to function on the third postoperative week, and they started to gain weight. However, all died because of sepsis on the 5th to 12th month. Conclusion Waardenburg-Shah syndrome patients have a higher incidence of total colonic aganglionosis with or without small bowel involvement. The Ziegler operation may be used in patients with inadequate ganglionic bowel length to gain some time for the child to grow and to decrease total parenteral nutrition complications.
Voice frequency impacts hemispheric processing of attribute frames

Attribute framing effects involve the activation of associations that promote information encoding in a way that is consistent with the descriptive valence of the frame. For example, positive frames invoke positive associations and negative frames invoke negative ones—these associations are then mapped onto evaluations. To predict the strength of attribute framing effects, we built on the idea that a speaker with a relatively low frequency voice produces enhanced right hemisphere processing whereas a speaker with a relatively high frequency voice produces enhanced left hemisphere processing. We found a strong framing effect when the holistic/contextual processing style of the right hemisphere was enhanced. In contrast, we observed a weak effect when we enhanced the inferential/analytical style of the left hemisphere. This work has theoretical implications for processes invoking associations, such as priming. It has applied implications for constructing effective persuasive messages.
Probability-based collision alerting logic for closely-spaced parallel approach

A prototype airborne collision alerting logic was developed for aircraft on approach to closely-spaced parallel runways. A novel design methodology was used based on collision probabilities instead of traditional spatial or temporal alerting criteria. With this technique, an alert is issued when the probability of a collision exceeds an acceptable threshold value. The logic was based on a hazard level corresponding to the current Precision Runway Monitor System of one accident in every one thousand worst-case blunders. Probability contours were constructed through Monte Carlo simulation over a range of aircraft position, speed, heading, and turn rate conditions. These contours were stored in look-up tables that were accessed in real time for evaluation during numerical simulation of approaches. Three runway spacings were investigated: 3,400, 2,500, and 1,700 ft. The results show that the unnecessary alert rate at 1,700 ft runway spacing was double that at 3,400 ft runway spacing. Additionally, the logic induced collisions in two low-closure-rate situations, suggesting that the worst case blunder may not be a drastic heading change. (Author)
Octahedral tilt instability of ReO3-type crystals

The octahedron tilt transitions of ABX_3 perovskite-structure materials lead to an anti-polar (or antiferroelectric) arrangement of dipoles, with the low temperature structure having six sublattices polarized along various crystallographic directions. It is shown that an important mechanism driving the transition is long range dipole-dipole forces acting on both displacive and induced parts of the anion dipole. This acts in concert with short range repulsion, allowing a gain of electrostatic (Madelung) energy, both dipole-dipole and charge-charge, because the unit cell shrinks when the hard ionic spheres of the rigid octahedron tilt out of linear alignment.
Expectancy Theory Predictions of Job Satisfaction, Job Effort, Job Performance, and Retention of Naval Aviation Officers

Abstract Expectancy theory suggests that an individual's behavior can be predicted from the degree to which the behavior is instrumental for the attainment of outcomes multiplied by the evaluation of these outcomes. This theory was used to predict the effort, satisfaction, performance, and retention of two squadrons of naval aviation officers. The results provide strong support for the prediction of satisfaction and retention. Only moderate support was generated for the prediction of effort and performance. Modifications of the theory are suggested in light of the data presented.
An evaluation of the importance of lysosomal and neutral cytosol proteases in insulin degradation by adipocytes.

The properties of insulin degradation by lysosomal and cytosolic proteases from adipocytes were studied and compared to the insulin-degrading characteristics of intact cells. Previous studies have shown that the cytosol contains 99% of the total adipocyte insulin-degrading capacity at neutral pH; less than 0.1% is provided by the plasma membranes. As quantified by immunoprecipitation, total lysosomal degradation of [I25I]- iodoinsulin (0.5 nM) was approximately equal to neutral cytosol insulin degradation. Gel filtration of the insulin fragments demonstrated the formation of different products that were characteristic of each activity. The lysosomal and neutral insulin-degrading systems also demonstrated differential sensitivity to inhibitors. Bacitracin (1 mg/ml), N-ethyl maleimide (3 DIM), and unlabeled insulin (2 μM) inhibited neutral cytosol insulin degradation by 93%, 99%, and 89%, respectively. Lysosomal insulin degradation was inhibited 20% or less by these agents. In intact adipocytes, insulin deg...
MolClass: a web portal to interrogate diverse small molecule screen datasets with different computational models

Summary: The MolClass toolkit and data portal generate computational models from user-defined small molecule datasets based on structural features identified in hit and non-hit molecules in different screens. Each new model is applied to all datasets in the database to classify compound specificity. MolClass thus defines a likelihood value for each compound entry and creates an activity fingerprint across diverse sets of screens. MolClass uses a variety of machine-learning methods to find molecular patterns and can therefore also assign a priori predictions of bioactivities for previously untested molecules. The power of the MolClass resource will grow as a function of the number of screens deposited in the database. Availability and implementation: The MolClass webportal, software package and source code are freely available for non-commercial use at http://tyerslab.bio.ed.ac.uk/molclass. A MolClass tutorial and a guide on how to build models from datasets can also be found on the web site. MolClass uses the chemistry development kit (CDK), WEKA and MySQL for its core functionality. A REST service is available at http://tyerslab.bio.ed.ac.uk/molclass/api based on the OpenTox API 1.2. Contact: ku.ca.de@niahnedliw.naj or ac.laertnomu@sreyt.dm
Curvature, causality and completeness in space-times with causally complete spacelike slices

Let S be a spacelike slice (defined formally in Section 2) in a space-time M. We will say that S is future causally complete in M if for each p e J+(S) the closure in S of the set J-(p) ∩ S is compact. Define past causal completeness time-dually. Then S is causally complete if it is both future and past causally complete. A compact spacelike slice is necessarily causally complete, as is any Cauchy surface, but the concept of causal completeness is much broader than either of these two conditions. For example the slices t = const. ≠ 0 in the space-time obtained by removing the origin from Minkowski space are causally complete, although they are neither Cauchy nor compact. The slice t = 0 in the previous example and the hyperboloid in Minkowski space (where (t, x1, …, xn) are standard inertial coordinates) are examples of slices which are not causally complete. Physically speaking, an edgeless slice S is future causally complete if the information from S which reaches a point in the future of S comes from a finite nonsingular region in S. The Maximal Reissner-Nordstrom space-time is a well-known example in which this finiteness condition is not fulfilled by any of its asymptotically flat partial Cauchy surfaces. Indeed for any such partial Cauchy surface S, J-(p) ∩ S is non-compact for any p e H+(S). However, as has been discussed in the literature (e.g. [17], p. 625 f), it is believed that the Cauchy horizon in this situation is unstable with respect to perturbations of the initial data on S.
Phase noise in a synchronized concurrent dual-frequency oscillator

The phase noise in synchronized concurrent dual-frequency oscillators is analyzed. Two cases are considered -synchronization to external injection sources and synchronization in array of coupled identical oscillators. For small injection strengths, the phase noise behavior of synchronized concurrent dual-frequency oscillators at either of the frequencies is similar to that of synchronized single frequency oscillators. The phase noise of an injection locked concurrent dual-frequency oscillator for either of the frequencies follows the phase noise of external injection near that frequency for offsets within the locking bandwidth of the injection. For offsets outside of the locking bandwidth, the injection locked oscillator's phase noise is equal to that of free running case. In the system of two coupled concurrent dual-frequency oscillators with bilateral coupling, the phase noise at either frequency is 3dB smaller than that at the free running case for offsets smaller than the locking bandwidth. Measurement results show a good match with the theory.
Optimal estimation of Poisson intensity with partially observed covariates

Rathbun et al. (2007) and Waagepetersen (2008) propose estimating functions for parameters of Poisson point process intensity that may be applied when space- and/or time-varying covariates are sampled from a probability-based sampling design. This paper demonstrates that Waageptersen's estimating function is optimal in a class of weighted estimating functions. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Staphylococcus aureus Serotype 5 Capsular Polysaccharide Is Antiphagocytic and Enhances Bacterial Virulence in a Murine Bacteremia Model

Controversy persists over the role that the capsular polysaccharide plays in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infections. To address this issue, we compared the mouse virulence of S. aureus Reynolds and capsule-defective mutant strains cultivated under conditions of high or low capsule expression. Strain Reynolds cells cultivated on Columbia salt agar plates expressed ∼100-fold more type 5 capsular polysaccharide than did cells cultivated in Columbia salt broth. The relative virulence of strain Reynolds and its capsule-defective mutants after growth on either solid or liquid medium was examined in mice challenged intraperitoneally or intravenously. The results indicated that agar-grown Reynolds cells were cleared from the bloodstream of mice less readily than broth-grown Reynolds cells. When the parental and mutant strains were cultivated on solid medium, strain Reynolds sustained a higher level of bacteremia than did the capsular mutants. We performed in vitro opsonophagocytic killing assays to determine whether staphylococcal virulence for mice correlated with resistance to phagocytosis. S. aureus Reynolds cultivated on solid medium was susceptible to phagocytic killing only in the presence of specific capsular antibodies and complement. Strain Reynolds grown in broth showed opsonic requirements for phagocytic killing that were similar to those of the capsular mutants (grown in broth or on agar); i.e., the bacteria were opsonized for phagocytosis by nonimmune serum with complement activity. These studies indicate that optimal expression of capsule enhances bacterial virulence in the mouse model of bacteremia, probably by rendering the organisms resistant to opsonophagocytic killing by leukocytes.
Mold induced changes in cacao lipids

The free fatty acid content of sound cacao beans of nine geographic orgins varied from 2.7 to 4.8 meq./100 g fat. Fungi grown on cacao beans under humid environmental conditions have remarkable lipolytic activity. Values as high as 200 meq. free acid/100 g fat were obtained for badly deteriorated samples. Titration of the free fatty acids of cacao fat is suggested as a simple control procedure for detecting cocao butter obtained from moldy beans. Percentage composition of the free fatty acid fraction changes as a result of mold growth. Stearic and palmitic acid increased while oleic and linoleic acids decreased. Tracer experiments show no observable conversion of oleic acid to stearic. The changes suggest oxidative reactions to form carbonyl compounds.
Studying from electronic textbooks

We present study navigator, an algorithmically-generated aid for enhancing the experience of studying from electronic textbooks. The study navigator for a section of the book consists of helpful concept references for understanding this section. Each concept reference is a pair consisting of a concept phrase explained elsewhere and the link to the section in which it has been explained. We propose a novel reader model for textbooks and an algorithm for generating the study navigator based on this model. We also present the results of an extensive user study that demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed system across textbooks on different subjects from different grades.
Biosensors Micro and Nano Integration

This chapter addresses micro and nanocomposite biocompatible integration techniques and processes for biosensors. It outlines the design parameter requirements for sensor systems interconnects. It describes in detail materials choice and properties, influence on interconnect parameters, fine pitch nano/micro interconnects and technologies and integration techniques. The chapter concludes by providing examples of miniaturized sensors and their fabrication.
Liquid crystal polymer-based integrated passive development for RF applications

A Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) based multilayer packaging process is presented for RF/microwave applications. LCP is gaining increasing interest as a choice technology in the packaging community due to its superior thermal and electrical properties including low loss, low dielectric constant and low CTE characteristics. For the first time, we present a thorough study of the design, model, and measurement of integrated passives using LCP. A coplanar waveguide transmission line test structure demonstrates an insertion loss of 0.35 dB at 23 GHz and a return loss better than 15 dB to 30 GHz. Quality factors (Q) in excess of 70 and a self resonance frequency (SRF) to 29 GHz have been achieved. A bandpass filter implementation is also demonstrated to realize a c band module. Advantages of passive integration using built up LCPs as opposed to multilayer organics are discussed.
Long-term outcome after radiotherapy for FIGO stage IIIB and IVA carcinoma of the cervix.

Purpose: To report the long-term outcome after radiotherapy with curative intent for Stage IIIB and IVA carcinoma of the cervix. Methods and Materials: We retrospectively reviewed 91 patients treated with radiotherapy with curative intent at the University of Florida between January 1980 and December 2003 for Stage IIIB (84 patients) or IVA (7 patients) carcinoma of the cervix. Results: The median follow-up of the surviving patients was 8.8 years. The 5- and 10-year estimates of local control, regional control, locoregional control, relapse-free survival, and overall survival were 53% and 53%, 55% and 47%, 34% and 29%, 30% and 26%, and 29% and 21%, respectively. Ninety percent of the recurrences occurred within 2 years of treatment. Of these, 60% of all failures were local, 29% were regional, and 11% were distant failures alone. Also, 17% of the failures were in the paraaortic nodes with no evidence of failure in the pelvis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted with the endpoint of relapse-free or overall survival. No factor was statistically significant. Complications from therapy were scored using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group grading system; the overall severe late complication rate was 13% (Grade 3–5). Conclusion: This series is one of the most mature of published reports. With long-term follow-up, approximately one-third of patients with Stage IIIB or IVA carcinoma of the cervix were cured, with a 13% complication rate.
Disclosure on the Spectrum: Understanding Disclosure Among Employees on the Autism Spectrum

Much research has focused on the challenge of disclosing invisible stigmas and the consequences of that disclosure. Less is known, however, about how the complexity of who, when, or why to disclose impacts employment outcomes among individuals with neurological disorders. Building on the disclosure challenges presented by Santuzzi, Waltz, Finkelstein, and Rupp (2014), we focus on disclosure related challenges for people with a particular disability that entails social and communication deficits: autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD manifests in various ways but is generally defined as ‘‘a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior’’ (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012, p. 3). In addition, autism is a spectrum disorder with individuals displaying a wide array of symptoms and sociocognitive impairments. As such, our focus in this commentary is on individuals who are at the higher end of this spectrum and, therefore, likely to be employed across a wide array of work settings. We draw on autism theory and research to highlight the complex sociocognitive decision making involved in disclosure at work. We, then, argue that disclosure is not only a challenge because of the potential for further discrimination,
In‐Situ Formation of Growth‐Factor‐Loaded Coacervate Microparticle‐Embedded Hydrogels for Directing Encapsulated Stem Cell Fate

The spontaneous formation of coacervate microdroplet-laden photo-crosslinked hydrogels derived from the simple mixing of oxidized, methacrylated alginate (OMA) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) enables simultaneous creation of drug-laden microdroplets and encapsulation of stem cells in photopolymerized coacervate hydrogels under physiological conditions. This can be utilized as a novel platform for in situ formation of localized, sustained bioactive molecule delivery to encapsulate stem cells for therapeutic applications.
A 2.29 Gbits/sec, 56 mW non-pipelined Rijndael AES encryption IC in a 1.8 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology

In October 2000 the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST) chose the Rijndael algorithm as the new Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). In this paper we present an ASIC implementation of the Rijndael core. The core includes a non-pipelined encryption datapath with an on-the-fly key schedule data path. At a nominal 1.8 V, the IC runs at 125 MHz resulting in a throughput of 2.29 Gbit/s while consuming 56 mW. At 1.95 V, the chip can operate up to 154 MHz with an equivalent throughput of 2.8 Gbit/s and consumes 82 mW.
Detection of Non-Protein Components

Within their natural biological environments, proteins often interact with other biological macromolecules, such as sugars, lipids, and nucleic acids. Sometimes these interactions are covalent, as in post-translational modifications of proteins, but more often involve non-covalent complex formation between the species. It is possible then, that non-protein com-ponents may occur in a protein sample, either as part of the biologically relevant active complex, or as contaminants that are not removed during purification. In this chapter we shall discuss methods for assessing the presence of the three most commonly occurring non-protein components in protein samples: nucleic acids, lipids from cell membranes, and covalently attached sugars in glycoproteins.
Taking a proactive role in adverse event investigations.

many clinical engineers (CEs) and biomedical equipment technicians (BMETs) has been to repair and maintain medical devices. However, the mission statement of many biomedical or clinical engineering departments may assert that their mission is “to assure a quality, cost effective, safe environment for patients, visitors, volunteers, employees, and medical staff of the hospital, relative to medical devices, instruments, and systems.”1 Based on this mission, it appears that the typical services performed by CEs and BMETs are not fully in keeping with the proactive mission of their departments. There is a desire in such departments to enhance safety and the CEs and BMETs through their training, abilities, and knowledge of what is not working appropriately have the potential to contribute significantly to that proactive mission. One aspect of that contribution is serving as problem solvers.
Pennsylvania Statewide Bell Pepper Cultivar Evaluation

Sixteen cultivars of green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) were evaluated on the basis of yield in three locations across Pennsylvania during the growing seasons of 2008–09. Cultivars were evaluated in comparison with the cultivar Paladin. In central Pennsylvania, all the cultivars trialed had marketable yields (based on weight) not different than ‘Paladin’ except ‘Lynx’, ‘Socrates’, and ‘Escape’. In terms of fruit number, all cultivars were not different than ‘Paladin’ except ‘Socrates’. For large-sized fruit, all the cultivars trialed are recommended. In southeastern Pennsylvania, all the cultivars trialed except SP-05–47 had marketable yields not different than ‘Paladin’. For large-sized fruit, ‘Revolution’ outperformed all other cultivars, including ‘Paladin’. In southwestern Pennsylvania, all the cultivars trialed except Lynx and SP-05–47 produced comparable marketable yields to ‘Paladin’. None of the cultivars evaluated, including Paladin, consistently outperformed Revolution in terms of large fruit. Statewide, all the cultivars, except Lynx and SP-05–47, are recommended on the basis of marketable yields. For growers looking for large-sized fruit to meet market demand the cultivar Revolution is recommended over ‘Paladin’.
Visual and spatial factors in a Bayesian reasoning framework for the recognition of intended messages in grouped bar charts

The overall goal of our research is the automatic recognition of the intended message of a grouped bar chart. This paper presents our preliminary work on a system that utilizes the communicative signals in a grouped bar chart as evidence in a Bayesian network that hypothesizes the primary message conveyed by the graphic. The paper discusses the kinds of communicative signals present in grouped bar charts and an ACT-R model for computationalizing one important communicative signal, the relative effort involved in performing the perceptual tasks necessary for the recognition. It also describes our Bayesian network and its implementation on a subset of the kinds of messages that can be conveyed by grouped bar charts.
Alcohol and criminal responsibility

The tradition of the law has long frowned on criminal behavior performed in association with alcohol intake; courts have been most hesitant to provide any exculpation for drug and alcohol intake. The hostility of courts to a defense of intoxication is shown in State v. Noel [1].
Brief History of Transpersonal Psychology

The International Transpersonal Association (ITA) was formed in 1978 for the purposes of promoting education and research in transpersonal subjects, as well as sponsoring global conferences for the international transpersonal community. The association was subsequently dissolved in 2004, but is now in the process of being reactivated and revitalized. As background for this development, this paper reviews the history of ITA including its international conferences and noteworthy presenters, the organization‟s definition, strategies, and specific goals, and details of its contemporary revival.
Wearable device implications in the healthcare industry

This manuscript analyses the impact of wearable device technology in the healthcare industry. The authors provide an exploration of the different types of wearable technology that are becoming popular or are emerging into the consumer market and the personal health information and other user data these devices collect. The applications of wearable technology to healthcare and wellness are discussed, along with the impact of these devices on the industry. Finally, an analysis is provided, describing the current regulations in the US and UK that govern wearable devices and the impact of these device regulations on users and healthcare professionals.
Salivary Secretions of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

During a study of the nutrition and feeding behavior of the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas), it was observed that the insect was found to feed readily on powdered cellulose that had been moistened with water and covered with the coat of a milkweed seed. Cellulose was considered inert from the standpoint of both nutrition and chemoreception; feeding must have been induced by chemosensory factors associated with the seed coat. After milkweed bug nymphs had fed for several hours, the powdered cellulose was found to contain relatively large quantities of their salivary secretions. Using this “fed cellulose,” a number of experiments were run to determine some of the characteristics of salivary secretions.
Study on the Design and Simulation of a New Energy Absorbing Structure

For the passenger safety in the vehicle collision,the front fender rail as the main energy absorbing component in the vehicle collision were improved,a new energy absorbing structure was designed which can be unloaded easily,its modeling was performed and the structure were simulated by useing the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA,the results showed that the deform was reasonable and the energy can be absorbed valid by this new energy absorbing structure .
Effects of relationship education on couple communication and satisfaction: A randomized controlled trial with low-income couples.

Objective Although preventive educational interventions for couples have been examined in more than 100 experimental studies, the value of this work is limited by reliance on economically advantaged populations and by an absence of data on proposed mediators and moderators. Data from the Supporting Healthy Marriage Project-a randomized, controlled trial of relationship education for couples living with low incomes-were therefore analyzed to test whether intervention effects on relationship satisfaction would be mediated by observational assessments of relationship communication and whether any such effects would be moderated by couples' pretreatment risk. Method Within the larger sample of Supporting Healthy Marriage Project couples randomized to a relationship education or no-treatment control condition, the present analyses focus on the 1,034 couples who provided (a) data on sociodemographic risk at baseline, (b) observational data on couple communication 12 months after randomization, and (c) reports of relationship satisfaction 30 months after randomization. Results Intervention couples reported higher satisfaction at 30 months than control couples, regardless of their level of pretreatment risk. Among higher risk couples, the intervention improved observed communication as well. Contrary to prediction, treatment effects on satisfaction were not mediated by improvements in communication, and improvements in communication did not translate into greater satisfaction. Conclusions Relationship education programs produce small improvements in relationship satisfaction and communication, particularly for couples at elevated sociodemographic risk. The absence of behavioral effects on satisfaction indicates, however, that the mechanisms by which couples may benefit from relationship education are not yet well understood.
The Diversification of the Plaintiff of Environmental Public Interest Litigation

With the continuous development of the social economy and the rule of law,we gradually realize the importance of protecting the environment as well as the maintenance of the public interest.Environmental Public Interest Litigation as an important legal weapon to protect the environment,it is also increasingly recognized by our human being.The plaintiff qualification is the core part of the Environmental Public Interest Litigation System.In China,however,the plaintiff of the Environmental Public Interest Litigation is vague;it should include environmental protection administration,prosecution,social groups,and individual citizens.
Women's reproductive choices: the impact of Medicaid funding restrictions.

As of January 1997 34 states were enforcing restrictions on Medicaid funding for abortions. Determining whether these restrictions affect womens reproductive decisions was the object of a fixed-effects log-linear analysis using 11 years of data between 1978 and 1992. Results indicate that abortion rates in states with Medicaid funding restrictions are 2% lower than rates in states with no such restrictions. However when the supply of abortion providers and the demographic characteristics of the state population are taken into account the difference is no longer statistically significant. Medicaid funding restrictions have no impact on birth rates and the result is the same regardless of whether the empirical model takes into account provider availability demographic characteristics and state sentiment toward women and reproductive rights. (authors)
Causal Modeling to Understand the Relationship between Student Attitudes, Affect and Outcomes.

We are using causal modeling to analyze relationships between pedagogical intervention, students’ attitudes, affective states, perceptions and outcomes, based on the data from a math tutor, Wayang Outpost. The causal model generated gives interpretable multi level interrelationships within the data variables identifying direct and indirect effects among them. We observed that among the four affective variables, confidence and frustration are more tightly linked with their performance and ability whereas interest and excitement are more related to their attitude and appreciation of math and tutor.
Study of the 63Cu\((\vec d,n)\)64Zn and 65Cu\((\vec d,n)\)66Zn Reactions

Measurement of the vector analyzing power for \((\vec d,p)\) reactions on spin zero target nuclei has been shown to be a useful technique for obtaining the total angular momentum of the transferred neutron1). When target ground states have non-zero spin, in general more than one value of j-transfer is allowed. In 1969 Kocher and Haeberli2) used the vector analyzing power measurement to deduce the spectroscopic factor for two j-values which contribute to a transition in the 53Cr\((\vec d,p)\) 54Cr reaction. The present \((\vec d,n)\) expriment on 63Cu and 65Cu was done to compare with the above mentioned \((\vec d,p)\) reaction since in all three cases the transferred nucleon is the second nucleon outside Z or N = 28 shell.
Effects of Fractionation of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in a Mouse Glioma Model

Mice with glioma 261 intracerebral tumors were fed D, L-3-(p-boronophenyl)alanine (BPA) and irradiated with total BNCT tumor doses of 500 to 5000 RBE-cGy using single and multiple fractions of thermal neutrons to investigate the effect of fraction size and interfraction interval on survival.
The Role of Acute Kidney Injury in Chronic Kidney Disease

There is increasing recognition that acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are closely linked and likely promote one another. Underlying CKD now is recognized as a clear risk factor for AKI because both decreased glomerular filtration rate and increased proteinuria have been shown to be associated strongly with AKI. A growing body of literature also provides evidence that AKI accelerates the progression of CKD. Individuals who suffered dialysis-requiring AKI are particularly vulnerable to worse long-term renal outcomes, including end-stage renal disease. The association between AKI and subsequent renal function decline is amplified by pre-existing severity of CKD, higher stage of AKI, and the cumulative number of AKI episodes. However, residual confounding and ascertainment bias may partly explain the epidemiologic association between AKI and CKD in observational studies. As the number of AKI survivors increases, we need to better understand other clinically important outcomes after AKI, identify those at highest risk for the most adverse sequelae, and develop strategies to optimize their care.
Dnmt3b Methylates DNA by a Noncooperative Mechanism, and Its Activity Is Unaffected by Manipulations at the Predicted Dimer Interface

The catalytic domains of the de novo DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a-C and Dnmt3b-C are highly homologous. However, their unique biochemical properties could potentially contribute to differences in the substrate preferences or biological functions of these enzymes. Dnmt3a-C forms tetramers through interactions at the dimer interface, which also promote multimerization on DNA and cooperativity. Similar to the case for processive enzymes, cooperativity allows Dnmt3a-C to methylate multiple sites on the same DNA molecule; however, it is unclear whether Dnmt3b-C methylates DNA by a cooperative or processive mechanism. The importance of the tetramer structure and cooperative mechanism is emphasized by the observation that the R882H mutation in the dimer interface of DNMT3A is highly prevalent in acute myeloid leukemia and leads to a substantial loss of its activity. Under conditions that distinguish between cooperativity and processivity, we show that in contrast to that of Dnmt3a-C, the activity of Dnmt3b-C is...
Lung Imaging in Animal Models

Tissue imaging is broadly used to understand and monitor the progression of pathologic processes. It contributes information that cannot be obtained by any other techniques, such as the localization and dynamic interaction of key contributors to pathology. Technological advances now enable detailed morphological observations, not only ex vivo, but also in vivo. However, to image the lung in vivo, researchers had to overcome several inherent challenges, such as its difficult accessibility in the thoracic wall and respiratory motion. Lung imaging techniques can be divided into high-resolution techniques that provide descriptions of detailed anatomical structures using fluorescence microscopy, and techniques that allow for functional investigations like positron emission tomography (PET) and bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Fluorescence microscopy, especially intravital approaches, requires complex preparation and surgery, but is also the method that provides the best resolution, and it is a powerful tool for discovery. The aim of this chapter is to present the different techniques currently available for imaging the lung in experimental studies. We will evaluate and compare their potential for application in animal models of lung injury and repair.
Practical Floating-Point Tests with Integer Code

Testing integer software with symbolic execution is wellestablished but floating-point remains a specialty feature. Modern symbolic floating-point tactics include concretization, lexical analysis, floating-point solvers, and intricate theories, but mostly ignore the default integer-only capabilities. If a symbolic executor is already highperformance, then software-emulation, common to integer-only machines, becomes a compelling choice for symbolic floating-point. We propose a software floating-point emulation extension for symbolic execution of binary programs. First, supporting a soft floating-point library requires little effort, so multiple models are cheap; our executor has five distinct open source soft floating-point code bases. For integrity, test cases from symbolic execution of library code itself are hardware validated; mismatches with hardware appear in every tested library, a justin- time compiler, a machine decoder, and several floating-point solvers. In practice, the executor finds program faults involving floating-point in hundreds of Linux binaries.
Hydrodynamic and sediment-accommodation controls on headland-beach geomorphology evaluated by statistical methods, southern Lake Erie coast

Abstract The wave- and erosion-dominated south-central Lake Erie coast is one of the most heavily human-modified shorelines of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Three prominent harbor breakwaters, installed in the early 1900s, have fragmented this sand-deprived littoral system, trapping bluff-derived sands and gravels to form harbor-headland beaches. These depositional systems offer an unique opportunity to investigate littoral sedimentary dynamics from headland geomorphologic data, having served as sites of continued sand sequestration along an ~ 65 km stretch of coastline dominated by eroding coastal cliffs and bluffs. Former foreshore deposits are mapped in dip-orientation beneath modern backshore regions using ground-penetrating radar, documenting the nature of beach progradation. Chronologic control of landform succession is attained from delineated historic shoreline positions. Multiple regression analysis of established beach-growth metrics versus lake-level and ice-cover variances suggests high lake levels are more strongly associated with shoreline advance, counterintuitive to the idea that lake-level rise should promote accommodation creation. Beach-growth phases during elevated lake levels are thus likely facilitated by increased sediment influxes from sourcing bluffs, more susceptible to erosion when impacted more directly by wave action during high water levels. Ice cover plays a lesser, yet important role in headland evolution as both erosional and depositional mechanism while hard structure design dictates the overall bounds of beach form. Changes in decadal beach-progradation rates are associated with sectional changes in breakwater orientation, an intrinsic control on accommodation distribution along strike. Correlations between headland geomorphology and hydrologic regime provide insight into the coastal margin's littoral dynamics, difficult to assess directly.
Azacytidine in the Management of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Single Institutional Retrospective Review of Responses and Tolerability.

Twenty two patients (pts) with primary or therapy-related MDS were treated with 5-azayctidine (AZA) at the Kellogg Cancer Care Centers (KCCC) from July 2004–May 2006. We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive patients with myelodysplastic syndrome treated at the KCCC who received this agent. Charts were reviewed for response, time to response, duration of response and rate of hospitalization with complications of therapy or disease during AZA therapy. Treated patients had Refractory Anemia with Excess Blasts-type 1 (RAEB-1, n=6), RAEB type-2 (RAEB-2, n=3), Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMMoL, n=4) or Refractory anemia (RA, n=6). Median age at study entry was 80 yrs (range, 58–95). Patients were treated with azacytidine 75mg/m2 daily for seven consecutive days or five days followed by a two day break and an additional two days of treatment. Patients were treated until best response and treatment frequency was decreased to every 6–8 weeks once a response had occurred. Responses were as follows: Complete response (CR) with normalization of cytopenias, marrow dysplasia and blasts (as defined in IWG criteria by Cheson et al) occurred in 2 pts (9%). Complete hematologic response (CHR) meeting all of the peripheral blood criteria but without a confirmation bone marrow performed was noted in 4 pts (18%) while hematologic improvement (HE) major (>2 gm rise in Hgb) occurred in 1 pt (5%) and HE minor (1–2 gm rise in Hgb or 50% decrease in RBC requirements) occurred in 2 pts (9%). Thus, a response using the IWG criteria was seen in 9/22 pts yielding an overall response rate of 41%. The median time to response was 3 cycles (range, 1–4). The median duration of response was 8 months (range, 3–18+). Responses are ongoing in 4/9 of the responders. One of the complete response patients had a complex karyotype (5q-, 7q-, del (18p)) that was not present on follow-up marrow after response was noted. Though treatment related cytopenias did occur frequently in the first two cycles of therapy, there were no treatment related hospitalizations for neutropenic patients in this consecutive cohort of patients and no deaths due to therapy. Azacytidine is a well tolerated agent with responses occurring with a significant rate and duration in MDS.
Hormuz salt distribution and influence on structural style in NE Saudi Arabia

This study uses previously unpublished reflection seismic data and wells to map part of the western margin of the Hormuz salt basin for the first time, and to link Hormuz facies distribution to the evolution of major structures in NE Saudi Arabia. Most of these major structures host giant or supergiant oil fields in Mesozoic reservoirs. This study is based on seismic interpretation of structural style because the Hormuz occurs at up to 10 km or more depth present day and is not penetrated by any wells. In the eastern part of the study area, seismically transparent zones with structural elements diagnostic of salt tectonics pass laterally into layered seismic facies with local clinoform geometries. The transparent facies are interpreted as mobile salt, the layered facies as immobile evaporite basin-margin strata. The layered facies display onlap and fault-bound relationships with older basement domains, and in map view the boundary between layered and transparent seismic facies at the Hormuz level forms embayments and promontories on the west margin of the salt basin. Areas of mobile salt underlie domal and periclinal structures, such as Karan, Hasbah, Dammam and Khursaniyah. These structures display steeply dipping reflections at depth that can be interpreted as salt pillow flanks, with base salt locally interpretable, and have plan-view aspect ratios of 2 or less. Beyond the limits of layered seismic facies, between the embayments and westwards towards the Arabian Shield, seismic and well data indicate that the major structures are not salt cored, including Berri, Manifa, Safaniya, Jauf, Juraybi9at and Haba.
Variations in Inlet Behavior and Shoreface Sand Resources: Factors Controlling Management Decisions, Figure Eight Island, NC, USA

Although beach nourishment is considered the only viable option for maintaining oceanfront beaches, the prohibition of large-scale mining of mainland sites and estuarine channels has made it difficult for communities with severe erosion problems to plan mitigation. Figure Eight Island, North Carolina, is an example of a community where erosion during the past decade has increased dramatically due to the combined effects of the bordering inlets and the impacts of recent hurricanes. The chronic erosion has prompted a system wide investigation aimed at inventorying the offshore sand resources for long-term management of the oceanfront beach. The contrasting behavior patterns of Rich and Masons Inlets, which form the island's northern and southern boundaries respectively, have influenced historic shoreline change patterns. Although Rich Inlet has been relatively stable, the ebb channel has shifted repeatedly; and as a consequence, reconfiguration of the expansive ebb delta has led to severe erosion along a 2 km reach downdrift of the inlet. Mason Inlet is a small migrating system whose soundside channels have shoaled since the mid 1990's, resulting in a dramatically reduced tidal prism and increased migration rates that exceeded 140m y−1. Migration and consequent realignment of the trailing barrier resulted in oceanfront erosion that extended for 3 km updrift. Relocation of the inlet is planned for early 2002. Less than 10% of the 4.0 million m3 needed for nourishment will be available as a result of the relocation efforts.Although the shoreface has been viewed as a potential borrow source, data indicate it has a low potential for providing significant volumes of quality sand. The lack of shoreface sand resources and the minor amount available from future dredging activities at Mason Inlet strengthens the need for developing a sound sand management strategy for Rich Inlet for long-term maintenance of the oceanfront.
Obstetric Factors Related to Perinatal Brain Injury

Labor and delivery are the culminating events of the maternal–fetal relationship. Although the outcome for mother and child is favorable in the majority of cases, events may occur during parturition that affect the future neurological status of the fetus. In this chapter, we will review the definitions, incidence, and pathophysiology of neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy, examine the impact that labor and delivery have on the fetus, review the methods used to evaluate for fetal compromise during labor and neonatal markers that predict brain injury, and examine the potential interventions to reduce the risk of perinatal brain injury.
Physical Properties of Stone

Stone is a heterogeneous substance characterized by a wide range of mineral compositions, textures, and rock structures. Consequently, the physical and chemical properties and the resulting durability are quite variable. The suitability of a stone for a given building can be easily tested in the laboratory. Although some tests are expensive and consume considerable amounts of rock material, others are simple, inexpensive, and nondestructive (see App. A).
Local Stochastic Critical Manifolds: Existence and Approximation Formulas

In this chapter, rigorous leading-order approximation formulas of stochastic invariant manifolds are derived for a broad class of stochastic partial differential equations with polynomial nonlinear terms. The stochastic invariant manifolds concerned by these formulas are manifolds that loosely speaking, carry nonlinear dynamical information associated with the loss of linear stability as a parameter that crosses a critical value.