cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of near-infrared spectroscopy calibrations to measure quality characteristics in intact Brassicaceae germplasm

Abstract Determining seed quality parameters is an integral part of cultivar improvement and germplasm screening. However, quality tests are often time consuming, seed destructive, and can require large seed samples. This study describes the development of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) calibrations to measure moisture, oil, fatty acid profile, nitrogen, glucosinolate, and chlorophyll content in six species from the Brassicaceae family. Rapeseed and similar oilseeds are potential feedstocks for producing hydrotreated renewable jet fuel. Screening samples with NIRS would allow cultivars with desirable characteristics to be quickly identified. A total of 367 samples of six species (Brassica napus, Brassica carinata, Brassica juncea, Brassica rapa, Sinapis alba, and Camelina sativa) were scanned with NIRS. Global calibrations for all six species were developed using modified partial least squares regression with reference values obtained through wet chemistry techniques. Comparing predicted values to reference data, the coefficients of determination (r2) and ratios of performance to deviation (RPD) varied, with some calibrations performing better than others. The calibration equations for seed oil content (r2 = 0.98, RPD = 7.3) and nitrogen (r2 = 0.98, RPD = 5.3) performed very well while the equations for seed moisture (r2 = 0.93, RPD = 3.8) and total glucosinolate content (r2 = 0.92, RPD = 2.3) were more qualitative. Large variation was observed for chlorophyll content (0–390 mg/kg) so two calibration equations were developed, one for the higher and one for the lower range of values. When combined, these calibrations also showed very good performance (r2 = 0.99, RPD = 14). The performance of the calibrations for the fatty acids was more varied, with some performing very well, such as the calibration for C18:3 (r2 = 0.99, RPD = 9.9), and others, such as C22:0 (r2 = 0.69, RPD = 1.9), showing poor correlation.
Temporal Patterns and Depolarizing Actions of Spontaneous GABAA Receptor Activation in Granule Cells of the Early Postnatal Dentate Gyrus

Hollrigel, Greg S., Stephen T. Ross, and Ivan Soltesz. Temporal patterns and depolarizing actions of spontaneous GABAA receptor activation in granule cells of the early postnatal dentate gyrus. J. ...
Modelling and Monitoring of Natural Gas Pipelines: New Method for Leak Detection and Localization Estimation

Abstract Leakage of the chemicals from pipelines is the biggest safety concern about the transportation of the chemicals. Model-based fault detection method is one of the most widely used software solutions for fault identification. In this paper, a new leak detection method for a natural gas pipeline is proposed basing on the non-isothermal modelling of the process. The new software-based method is developed by designing an unknown input observer, which is able to deal with the disturbance from the temperature change and pressure drop from the pump station and estimate the boundary flow rate of the pipeline. A new adaptive model was updated towards the temperature and boundary pressure change for leak location estimation. A simulation of a natural gas pipeline with consumer connection was demonstrated.
The dielectric and thermal behavior of some n-ALKYL bromides in the solid state

The dielectric constant is a very useful tool for studying molecular freedom and phase changes in organic polar compounds. Its magnitude can be used as an indication of the degree of orientational freedom of molecules in both liquid and solid phases. Thermal behavior is another useful tool, which, when combined with dielectric constant data, can often be helpful in describing phase changes in terms of crystalline structure and orientational freedom of dipoles in solids.
Shear Behavior of Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete

This paper presented a comprehensive experimental study on the shear capacity of zero-slump, dry-cast synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete (SYN-FRC) by using Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) G-553 test method. In adjacent with shear test, flexural and compression behavior of concrete determined based on ASTM C1609/C1609M-12 and ASTM C39/C39M-16b, respectively. In order to investigate the effect of different concrete compressive strengths on material properties of synthetic fiber-reinforced concrete, two different compressive strengths, 28 MPa (4000 psi) and 34 MPa (5000 psi), were selected. The test results demonstrated that the application of synthetic fibers in concrete yielded to significant improvements in material properties of concrete such as shear strength, shear toughness, flexural strength and flexural toughness. These enhancements were greater at higher synthetic fiber dosage rates.
Fuzzy logic controlled variable resistor for suppressing GIC in transformers

This study proposes a fuzzy logic-controlled variable resistor to suppress the geomagnetically induced current (GIC) flowing through the neutral of transformers. The performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the currently adopted method, i.e. the fixed-capacitor method. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method is able to suppress the GIC effectively. In addition, the new technique helps mitigate the zero-sequence current flowing through the neutral of transformers during any unsymmetrical faults. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is better than that of the conventional fixed-capacitor method.
Surgical Immunofluorescence and Firefly Technology in Colon and Rectal Surgery

Unaided by optical instruments, human vision is limited by the size, color, and luminosity of a target object, as well as the distance from that object. Surgical decision-making is inherently linked to the ability to clearly see anatomic structures and surgical planes and to subsequently manipulate them. Over the past century, surgeons have utilized technology ranging from the simplistic, nearly obsolete, head mirror to three-dimensional scopes and screens to overcome these visual limitations.
In-Rem Property in Adam Smith's Lectures on Jurisprudence

For decades, both economists and legal scholars have regularly used the metaphor of a ‘bundle of rights’ to describe property. In recent and growing literature, the bundle formulation has been the target of a number of critiques, some of which point to Adam Smith, among others, as a source for an alternative perspective on property. This paper examines Smith's work and argues that Smith is an appropriate authority and focal figure for a traditional, in-rem view of property. It illustrates how Smith's usage of concepts in the civil-law tradition, his appreciation for Hume, and especially his unique theory of the impartial spectator, together make clear that Smith's understanding of property is irreconcilable with the modern bundle formulation.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Surgical Technique and Controversies

In late 1944, Craaford, and in 1945, Gross, reported their first cases of surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta. These early cases were done in children using techniques involving resection of the coarcted area and end-to-end anastomosis of the aorta. In 1962, Schuster and Gross reported on 505 cases done at Boston Children’s Hospital,1 487 of these patients had some sort of resection and end to end anastomosis; occasionally, using interposition of homograft aortic tissue. The mortality in these cases was 4.1 percent. Eighteen patients had exploration without resection. This paper might be considered a landmark one. However, on re-reading in the light of current knowledge and concerns, the paper lacks numerical accuracy. It does not identify with any precision the median age of patients nor age ranges of patients operated upon. It is lacking somewhat in the description of complications or mode of death, and certainly does not approach the problem of inadequate treatment of coarctation or recurrence of the coarctation or late stenosis at the anastomotic site. Nevertheless, the operative survival is remarkable.
Stabilizing Otherwise Unstable Anions with Halogen Bonding

Both hydrogen bonding (HB) and halogen bonding (XB) are essentially electrostatic interactions, but whereas hydrogen bonding has a well-documented record of stabilizing unstable anions, little is known about halogen bonding's ability to do so. Herein, we present a combined anion photoelectron spectroscopic and density functional theory study of the halogen bond-stabilization of the pyrazine (Pz) anion, an unstable anion in isolation due to its neutral counterpart having a negative electron affinity (EA). The halogen bond formed between the σ-hole on bromobenzene (BrPh) and the lone pair(s) of Pz significantly lowers the energies of the Pz(BrPh)1- and Pz(BrPh)2- anions relative to the neutral molecule, resulting in the emergence of a positive EA for the neutral complexes. As seen through its charge distribution and electrostatic potential analyses, the negative charge on Pz- is diluted due to the XB. Thermodynamics reveals that the low temperature of the supersonic expansion plays a key role in forming these complexes.
Diagnosis of Mediastinal Masses

The mediastinum is defined as the space between the two pleural cavities extending from the thoracic inlet to the diaphragm. It is bounded by the sternum anteriorly and the vertebral bodies posteriorly. The paravertebral gutters have traditionally been included when considering mediastinal masses.
Using GeoRePORT to report socio-economic potential for geothermal development

Abstract The Geothermal Resource Portfolio Optimization and Reporting Tool (GeoRePORT, http://en.openei.org/wiki/GeoRePORT ) was developed for reporting resource grades and project readiness levels, providing the U.S. Department of Energy a consistent and comprehensible means of evaluating projects. The tool helps funding organizations (1) quantitatively identify barriers, (2) develop measureable goals, (3) objectively evaluate proposals, including contribution to goals, (4) monitor progress, and (5) report portfolio performance. GeoRePORT assesses three categories: geological, technical, and socio-economic. Here, we describe GeoRePORT, then focus on the socio-economic assessment and its applications for assessing deployment potential in the U.S. Socio-economic attributes include land access, permitting, transmission, and market.
Postoperative complete heart block among congenital heart disease patients: Contributing risk factors, therapies and long-term sequelae in the current era

Abstract Although postoperative complete heart block is a relatively rare complication after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in the current era, it has significant repercussions if there is no recovery of atrioventricular conduction in the early postoperative period. Insertion of a permanent pacemaker in an infant, child or adolescent remains an important medical decision considering all potential adverse physical and physiological side effects commonly associated with device implant among these younger patients. In this review, the current incidence, morbidity and mortality of postoperative complete heart block is presented as well as contributing anatomical and perioperative risk factors along with potential therapies and long-term sequelae of this unwanted complication.
Cytochrome P-450 Function Analyses with Monoclonal Antibodies and cDNA Expression Vectors

It is quite fitting and proper to initiate this International Conference devoted to the problems of chemical carcinogenesis with a discussion of the role and function of cytochrome P-450. Cytochrome P-450 is the enzymatic interface between mammalian organisms, including man, and a large variety of foreign chemicals, i.e. xenobiotics, which include almost all chemical carcinogens.
Some Simple Linear Groups

The Jordan-Holder theorem tells us that once we know extensions and simple groups, then we know all finite groups. There arc several infinite families of finite simple groups (in addition to the cyclic groups of prime order and the large alternating groups), and our main concern in this chapter is the most “obvious” of these, the projective unimodular groups, which arise naturally from the group of all matrices of determinant 1 over a field K. Since these groups are finite only when the field K is finite, let us begin by examining the finite fields.
Bending moment and higher order membrane models-lecture IV

A model of nonlinear membrane involving second order derivatives is used to obtain a 3D-2D dimension reduction via Λ-convergence taking into account the Cosserat vector field.
Evaluation of an Explicit Intervention to Teach Novel Grammatical Forms to Children With Developmental Language Disorder

Purpose Unlike traditional implicit approaches used to improve grammatical forms used by children with developmental language disorder, explicit instruction aims to make the learner consciously awa...
Radiographic predictors of symptomatic locking screw removal after treatment of tibial fractures with intramedullary nails.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the radiographic parameters associated with symptomatic locking screw removal after intramedullary tibial nail insertion. Our hypothesis was that locking screws located closer to joints and those extending longer than the width of the bone result in more symptomatic implant removal. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at our Level I trauma center. Seventy-five patients underwent surgical removal of symptomatic locking screws from 2007 to 2014 and were compared with a control group of 122 patients from the same time period who did not undergo symptomatic locking screw removal. Our main outcome measures were radiographic and demographic factors associated with implant removal. Results Multivariable regression indicated that a proximal locking screw that started anterolateral and was directed posteromedial was the strongest radiographic predictor of symptomatic removal (odds ratio [OR], 2.83; p = 0.03). An Injury Severity Score Conclusions The strongest radiographic predictor for symptomatic locking screw removal after tibial nail insertion was the direction of the most proximal locking screw. In contrast to previous research on retrograde femoral nails, tibial locking screws that were closer to the joints were not associated with an increased likelihood of symptomatic screw removal. Clinicians can use these data to help counsel patients regarding the likelihood of symptomatic screws and perhaps to help guide screw placement in cases with multiple options.
Age-related changes in the marmoset gut microbiome.

The gut microbiome is known to play a significant role in human health but its role in aging remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the gut microbiome composition between young adult and geriatric non-human primates (marmosets) as a model of human health and disease. Stool samples were collected from geriatric (8+ years) and young adult males (2-5 years). Stool 16S ribosomal RNA V4 sequences were amplified and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units and classified via Mothur's Bayesian classifier referenced against the Greengenes database. A total of 10 young adult and 10 geriatric marmosets were included. Geriatric marmosets had a lower mean Shannon diversity compared with young marmosets (3.15 vs. 3.46; p = 0.0191). Geriatric marmosets had a significantly higher mean abundance of Proteobacteria (0.22 vs. 0.09; p = 0.0233) and lower abundance of Firmicutes (0.15 vs. 0.19; p = 0.0032) compared with young marmosets. Geriatric marmosets had a significantly higher abundance of Succinivibrionaceae (0.16 vs. 0.01; p = 0.0191) and lower abundance of Porphyromonadaceae (0.07 vs. 0.11; p = 0.0494). In summary, geriatric marmosets had significantly altered microbiome diversity and composition compared with young adult marmosets. Further studies are needed to test microbiome-targeted therapies to improve healthspan and lifespan.
Chemistry of Dioxacyclanes: X. Synthesis and Properties of Chlorinated 1,3-Dioxolanes Derived from 4-Cyclohexenecarbaldehydes

4-Cyclohexenecarbaldehyde, its 2-methyl-, 4-methyl-, 2'4-dimethyl derivatives werereacted with 1,2-diols [1,2-propanediol and 3-chloro-, 3-(2-chloroethoxy)-, and 3-(2-chloro-1-chloromethyl-ethoxy-1,2-propandiol] to synthesize the corresponding 2,4-disubstituted 1,3-dioxolanes. Epoxidation and bromination of the products were performed, as well as their condensation with hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
Serum Histidine is Lower in Fatigued Women with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Disabling persistent perceived fatigue occurs in 50% of people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but mechanisms are poorly understood. Low histidine could contribute to fatigue since it is ...
Performance Appraisal of Non-governmental Organizations: A Discussion on Pakistan 2010 Floods Response and Recovery

The paper examines in detail the role of NGOs (Non-governmental Organizations) in response and recovery phase of a disaster. Donors, INGOs (International Non-governmental Organizations) and NGOs work for the betterment of affected community but due to certain shortfalls, the community did not benefit as much as intended. In this research those gray areas are highlighted in detail through field visits and interaction with the community devastated by 2010 floods. Lack of inter-agency cooperation, partnership with inexperienced local NGOs and lack of transparency and accountability mechanisms are those areas which reduce the effectiveness of response and recovery efforts. These gray areas cause loss of precious resources and duplication of efforts which results in increased vulnerability of that particular community.
Hearing Vocation Differently: Meaning, Purpose, and Identity in the Multi-Faith Academy: edited by David S. Cunningham, New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2019, 317 pp., $33.92 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-1908-8867-1

Hearing Vocation Differently: Meaning, Purpose, and Identity in the Multi-Faith Academy is the Network for Vocation in Undergraduate Education’s (NetVUE) third volume that explores vocation and cal...
Deep learning-based detection, classification, and localization of defects in semiconductor processes

Defects in semiconductor processes can limit yield, increase overall production cost, and also lead to time-dependent critical component failures. Current state-of-the-art optical and electron beam (EB) inspection systems rely on rule-based techniques for defect detection and classification, which are usually rigid in their comparative processes. This rigidity limits overall capability and increases relative engineering time to classify nuisance defects. This is further challenged due to shrinkage of pattern dimensions for advanced nodes. We propose a deep learning-based workflow that circumvents these challenges and enables accurate defect detection, classification, and localization in a unified framework. In particular, we train convolutional neural network-based models using high-resolution EB images of wafers patterned with various types of intentional defects and achieve robust defect detection and classification performance. Furthermore, we generate class activation maps to demonstrate defect localization capability of the model “without” explicitly training it with defect location information. To understand the underlying decision-making process of these deep models, we analyze the learned filters in pixel space and Fourier space and interpret the various operations at different layers. We achieve high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (100%) along with rapid and accurate defect localization. We also test performance of the proposed workflow on images from two distinct patterns and find that in order to retain high accuracy a modest level of retraining is necessary.
Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction

The human heart begins beating approximately 4–5 weeks after conception. During a typical lifespan, it will send more than 2 billion gallons of blood through a network of blood vessels that, if placed end-on-end, would stretch out over 60,000 miles, enough to circle the Earth twice and still have enough room leftover to connect New York City to Antarctica. Not bad for a muscular pump that beats for more than seven decades, on average, without fatiguing.
Sacral Nerve Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease Patients With Overactive Bladder Symptoms.

Abstract Objective To assess the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with overactive bladder symptoms. Methods We retrospectively reviewed PD patients who underwent Stage I SNS. Demographics, urodynamic data, and baseline voiding function were analyzed. Efficacy and safety of treatment were determined by rate of progression to Stage II, explantation, and surgical revision. Long-term outcomes were assessed using voiding diaries and/or clinic notes. Results Sixty percent (9/15) experienced ≥50% improvement in urinary parameters and proceeded to Stage II. There was no significant difference in age, body mass index, comorbidities, PD disease duration, or levodopa equivalent daily dose between successful and nonsuccessful Stage I patients. However, 100% of female patients experienced Stage I success compared to 44% of male PD patients (P = .04). Individuals with >12-month follow-up experienced an average reduction of 6 voids/day. No patients required revision or explantation of their device at latest clinic follow-up (22.2 ± 7.8 months). Higher maximal urethral closure pressures, detrusor pressure at maximum flow rate (PdetQmax), post-void residual volume, and mean bladder outlet obstruction index were observed in the Stage I trial failures. Conclusion At our institution, PD patients have a similar rate of progression to Stage II compared to the general population. SNS is an effective therapy that should be considered among the treatment options for PD patients with overactive bladder symptoms. Urodynamic parameters associated with obstruction may be predictive of SNS failure in PD patients and may help guide patient selection, however further studies are needed.
Father-Daughter Relationships among Latina Adolescents Who Attempted Suicide: An Exploratory Dyadic Analysis.

Among adolescents, Latinas are at an increased risk of experiencing suicidal ideation and attempts compared to non-Hispanic, White youth. Previous research indicates that family dynamics are influential as both protective and risk factors. Although significant research has been conducted over the past several decades examining the mother-daughter relationship, few studies have examined the father-daughter relationship among Latina adolescent suicide attempters. The relationship dynamics between fathers and daughters of Latina descent are both similar and unique compared to mother-daughter relationships. Given this, an in-depth analysis is warranted. To address this gap, the present study utilized dyadic thematic analysis to describe father-daughter relationships (N = 10 dyads, 20 individual interviews) and fathers' reactions to their Latina daughters' suicide attempt(s). Three themes emerged from the results (a) dynamic proximity, which describes the variation in emotional and physical closeness between fathers and daughters; (b) father as protector, which describes fathers' roles in protecting or failing to protect their daughters; (c) responses to the suicide attempt, which describes the various ways fathers responded to daughters' suicide attempts, ranging from helpful action to apathy. Themes gleaned from in-depth interviews informed a deeper understanding of these complex, multifaceted relationships, and how they may be linked to fathers' responses to daughters' suicide attempts. Implications for future research and clinical practice with youth at risk for suicidal ideations and behaviors, along with the impact of such experiences on families, are discussed.
Epidemiology of paediatric drowning hospitalisations in the USA: a population-based study.

Background Drowning is a leading cause of death in children ≤5 years old. Detailed data on the epidemiology of drowning in this high-risk population can inform preventative efforts. We aimed to study trends in incidence and case fatality rates (CFR) in the USA among young children hospitalised after drowning. Methods Children ≤5 years old hospitalised in the USA after drowning were identified from the Kids Inpatient Database 2000–2016. Incidence and CFRs by calendar year, age, sex, race/ethnicity and hospital region were calculated. Trends over time were evaluated. Factors associated with fatal drowning were assessed. Results Among 30 560 804 hospitalised children ≤5 years old, 9261 drowning cases were included. Patients were more commonly male (62.3%) and white (47.4%). Two years old had the highest incidence of hospitalisation after drowning, regardless of race/ethnicity, sex and region. Overall drowning hospitalisations decreased by 49% from 2000 to 2016 (8.38–4.25 cases per 100 000 children). The mortality rate was 11.4% (n=1060), and most occurred in children ≤3 years old (83.0%). Overall case fatality decreased between 2000 and 2016 (risk ratio (RR) 0.44, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.56). The lowest reduction in incidence and case fatality was observed among Black children (Incidence RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.13; case fatality RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.58). Conclusions Hospitalisations and CFRs for drowning among children ≤5 years old have decreased from 2000 to 2016. Two years old are at the highest risk of both fatal and non-fatal drowning. Disparities exist for Black children in both the relative reduction in drowning hospitalisation incidence and case fatality. Interventions should focus on providing equitable preventative care measures to this population.
Incidence and Risk Factors for New Onset Diabetes Mellitus Following Surgical Resection of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions

Background: Compared with patients who undergo pancreatic surgery for chronic pancreatitis and malignancy, patients with pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) generally have normal adjacent pancreatic parenchyma. There is a paucity of literature evaluating new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM) following PCL resection. We sought to characterize the incidence and risk factors associated with NODM following partial pancreatectomy for PCLs. Methods: We utilized the IBM MarketScan Database (2012-2018) to identify all non-diabetic adult patients who underwent elective partial pancreatectomy for PCLs. Rigorous stepwise exclusion criteria were applied to identify patients without other pancreatic disease. We performed time-to-event analyses using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to define the incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative NODM. Findings: Among 311 patients with PCLs who underwent partial pancreatectomy, the overall risk of NODM was 9.1% (95% CI 6.3-12.9%), 15.1% (95% CI 11.3-20.2%), and 20.2% (95% CI 15.3-26.4%) at six, 12 and 24 months, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that older age (55-64 years, adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) 1.97, 95% CI 1.04-3.72 vs. 18-54 years), obesity (aHR 2.63, 95% CI 1.35-5.12), hypertension (aHR 1.79, 95% CI 1.01-3.17), and cardiovascular disease (aHR 2.54, 95% CI 1.02-6.28) were independent predictors of postoperative NODM. Rates of NODM were similar following distal pancreatectomy versus pancreaticoduodenectomy. Interpretation: Within two years, approximately one in five patients will develop NODM following partial pancreatectomy for PCLs. Those with advanced age, metabolic syndrome features, and/or cardiovascular disease may benefit from preoperative counselling for risk-reduction and intensive postoperative monitoring, education, and treatment strategies for DM. Funding: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, award number UL1TR002733. Declaration of Interests: None of the authors have any conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose related to the current study. Ethics Approval Statement: This database is a publicly available population-based dataset. As such, the study was exempt from approval by the Ohio State University Institutional Review Board.
Positive Youth Development through Physical Activity: Opportunities for Physical Educators

As physical educators continue to advocate for school-based PE, they should also consider ways to extend their work into community settings in an effort to ensure that all kids have an opportunity to develop physical literacy. This article describes how positive youth development programs can provide an opportunity for physical educators to engage with youth outside of the school day.
Device design for sub 90 nm MOSFETs for sample and hold circuits

In this paper, we have extensively studied how different device parameters affect the constituents of sampling circuit performance metrics. As the MOSFET is scaled into the sub-90 nm regime, for ADCs using moderate sampling rate and high resolutions, the gate tunneling current not only severely degrades the droop rate but also affects the nonlinearity adversely. The effect of scaling on various trade-offs that exist among the metric constituents is also presented. These device guidelines can be used to improve the sample and hold operation to a fairly general degree.
Why We Should Make Attorney General an Elective Office

This brief essay suggests that Article II of the Constitution be amended to make the Attorney General an elected official.
Using induction motor stator windings to extract speed information

A speed regulator based on a field-oriented control was constructed using speed information available from the moving flux wave in the air gap of an induction motor. The information takes the form of ripples in the flux caused by the motion of rotor bars through the flux wave. This information is accessed by using voltages available from taps taken off the stator windings. It is then isolated using a switched capacitor filter and captured using a frequency slaved loop. Although the speed regulator is limited in its operating range and shows only moderate performance, such a system could be used in applications where high performance is not required. It is also found that some improvements can be made by using a machine with unskewed rotor bars instead of the conventional skewed rotor. >
WRITING THE FAIRY HUCKLEBERRY FINN : WILLIAM GOYEN'S AND TRUMAN CAPOTE'S GENDERINGS OF MALE HOMOSEXUALITY

SUMMARY After rehearsing persisting representations of same-sex desire in the Southern Renaissance's literary production, this essay charts how novels by Truman Capote and William Goyen reveal contradictory genderings of male homosexuality. Capote's Other Voices, Other Rooms collapses male gay identity with effeminacy, while Goyen's The House of Breath replicates this model but also contrasts it with a coexisting and competing one in which masculine men can physically act upon gay desire. Thus, contrary to the theo-rizations of Michel Foucault and David Halperin, these representations suggest the absence of a unified model of mid-twentieth-century male homosexuality.
Geographic Mobility, Race, and Wage Discrimination

This paper analyzes the relationship between geographic mobility and earnings. We present an equilibrium search model that yields differences between the reservation wages of mobile and immobile workers. The expected wages of mobile workers exceed those of immobile workers due to partial sorting across high- and low-paying firms. An extension to visibly distinct groups with different proportions immobile yields statistical discrimination against immobile group members. Using combined Displaced Workers Files, we find that mobility positively affects earnings and partially explains racial and ethnic earnings differentials. To test for statistical discrimination, we estimate separate earnings functions for union and non-union workers.
Storage and retrieval of spatially-qualified data from NASA's EOSDIS Data Pool

This paper discusses lessons learned about the pros and cons of using a data warehousing approach for storage and retrieval of spatially-qualified data in the EOSDIS Data Pool. The paper presents alternative strategies for the storage and retrieval of the spatially-qualified data products, and discusses the data insert and data retrieval performance implications of each.
Social Connections in the Inner City: Examination across the Life Course.

Social connectedness has been shown to be related to health and well-being, yet there is little knowledge about its developmental and intergenerational origins. We examine the childhood, family, and neighborhood origins of social connectedness in young adulthood in a cohort of African American children (N=1242) from Chicago followed since 1966. The five measures of social connections are: political involvement, organizational membership, church involvement, family ties, and friend ties. In multivariate analyses, predictors of social connectedness were found across the life course: first grade social adaptation to school, childhood family resources, family social participation, adult neighborhood characteristics, social class, and marital status. We conclude that adult social connections have roots in childhood behavior and social involvement, family resources and family social connections as well as one’s own resources and the neighborhood where one lives.
Bulk-plasmon-enhanced photoemission from Nb(100) surface resonances

The electronic properties of Nb(100) are studied using angle-resolved photoemission. Several bulk electronic states and surface resonances are identified. One surface resonance exhibits significant enhancement of its photoemission cross section at the bulk plasma energy. This phenomenon suggests a novel probe of the spatial extent of surface-state and surface-resonance wave functions that are not localized at the surface.
Verapamil preserves myocardial performance and energy metabolism in left ventricular hypertrophy following ischemia and reperfusion. Phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

While calcium entry blockers have a beneficial influence on the postischemic recovery of the nonhypertrophied heart, their influence on the hypertrophied heart has not been determined. The aim of this study was to assess postischemic recovery of myocardial performance and energy metabolites in rat hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy pretreated either chronically or acutely with verapamil. Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced by suprarenal constriction of the abdominal aorta. Hemodynamics and phosphorus 31 magnetic resonance spectra were monitored simultaneously in the isolated hearts during control perfusion, after 30 minutes of global ischemia, and after 30 minutes of reperfusion. All hypertrophied hearts had significantly higher rate-pressure products than normal hearts. Compared with normal hearts, oxygen consumption was significantly lower in all hypertrophied hearts, especially untreated hypertrophied hearts. Also, before ischemia all normal or hypertrophied hearts (treated or untreated) began with comparable phosphorylation potentials (i.e., the supply of energy was not significantly different). Postischemic recovery was not related to energy supply-oxygen demand before onset of ischemia. Furthermore, it was not related to energy levels or intracellular pH during ischemia. For postischemic recovery, the rate-pressure product was 40 +/- 5% in the hypertrophied heart, 83 +/- 5% in the normal, 100 +/- 3% in the hypertrophied heart chronically treated with verapamil, and 82 +/- 5% in the hypertrophied heart acutely treated with verapamil. The degree of recovery was related to coronary flow both before and after ischemia. The latter is important for flushing deleterious metabolites and ions from the interstitial space as well as for delivery of oxygen and substrate to the myocardium.
Expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and AhR nuclear translocator during chick cardiogenesis is consistent with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced heart defects.

We examined cardiotoxicity induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in the chick embryo and the cardiac expression of transcription factors, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) which binds TCDD, and its dimer partner, the AhR nuclear translocator (Arnt). Chicken eggs were injected with control (triolein) or 1.0 pmol TCDD/g egg prior to incubation and collected on Day 10 when cardiomorphogenesis is complete. Relative to controls, TCDD increased heart wet weight (27.2 ± 0.5 versus 36.6 ± 1.3 mg,p< 0.001) and dry weight (2.7 ± 0.1 versus 3.1 ± 0.1 mg,p< 0.01), and tended to increase heart myosin content (3.5 ± 0.6 versus 6.3 ± 2.5 μg,p< 0.07), suggesting an increase in cardiac muscle mass and edema. Histologic and morphometric analyses revealed that 10/13 TCDD-exposed hearts exhibited enlarged right and left ventricles, thickened ventricular septum, and a thinner left ventricular wall with increased trabeculation, and 4/13 exhibited ventricular septal defects compared to controls (0/23). To evaluate AhR and Arnt expression, untreated chick embryos were collected on Days 2.2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 of incubation, preserved in Bouin's fixative, sectioned, and stained with AhR and Arnt antibodies. The AhR was expressed ubiquitously in cardiac myocytes, while Arnt expression was restricted to myocytes overlying developing septa: atrioventricular canal, outflow tract, and atrial and ventricular septa. Both proteins were absent from endocardium and endocardial-derived mesenchyme. In addition, cardiac expression of an AhR/Arnt target, cytochrome P4501A1, was restricted to myocardium coexpressing AhR and Arnt. Thus, the spatial and temporal expression of AhR and Arnt suggests that the developing myocardium and cardiac septa are potential targets of TCDD-induced teratogenicity, and such targets are also consistent with cardiac hypertrophy and septal defects observed following TCDD exposure.
High resolution-angle resolved photoemission studies of high temperature superconductors

Abstract Recent photoemission studies of Y 123 and Bi 2212 performed with high energy and angular resolution have provided detailed information on the nature of the states near the Fermi level. Measurements of the superconducting gap, band dispersion, and the density of states near the Fermi level in the normal state all support a Fermi liquid description of these materials.
Focused, Nanoscale Electron-Beam-Induced Deposition and Etching

Focused electron-beam-induced (FEB-induced) deposition and etching are versatile, direct-write nanofabrication schemes that allow for selective deposition or removal of a variety of materials. Fundamentally, these processes are governed by an electron-induced reaction with a precursor vapor, which may either result in decomposition to a solid deposit or formation of a volatile etch by-product. The ability to induce such localized reactions by placement of a nanometer-sized focused electron probe has recently drawn considerable attention. In response, we have reviewed much of the relevant literature pertaining to both focused electron-beam-induced etching and deposition. Because these nanoscale processing techniques are still in their relative infancy, a significant amount of scientific research is being conducted to understand, and hence improve, the processes. This article summarizes the associated physics of electron-solid-vapor interactions, discusses related physical processes, and provides an introdu...
Using Theory and Research to Improve Student Affairs Practice: Some Current Examples.

This chapter describes two emerging theories that inform career counseling and explores how they can strengthen student success programs for underrepresented populations. The chapter also describes several effective programs and services that support traditionally underrepresented students as they prepare for, succeed in, and make the transition out of the community college.
Insights From In-Vitro Flow Visualization Into the Mechanism of Systolic Anterior Motion of the Mitral Valve in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Under Steady Flow Conditions

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is a heart disease characterized by a thickened interventricular septum which narrows the left ventricular outflow tract, and by systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve which can contact the septum and create dynamic subaortic obstruction. The most common explanation for SAM has been the Venturi mechanism which postulates that septal hypertrophy, by narrowing the outflow tract, produces high velocities and thus low pressure between the mitral valve and the septum, causing the valve leaflets to move anteriorly. This hypothesis, however, fails to explain why SAM often begins early in systole, when outflow tract velocities are low or negligible or why it may occur in the absence of septal hypertrophy. The goal of this study was therefore to investigate an alternative hypothesis in which structural abnormalities of the papillary muscles act as a primary cause of SAM by altering valve restraint and thereby changing the geometry of the closed mitral apparatus and its relationship to the surrounding flow field. In order to test this hypothesis, an in vitro model of the left ventricle which included an explanted human mitral valve with intact chords and papillary muscle apparatus was constructed. Flow visualization was used to observe the ventricular flow field and the mitral valve geometry. Displacing the papillary muscles anteriorly and closer to each other, as observed clinically in patients with cardiomyopathy and obstruction produced SAM in the absence of septal hypertrophy. Flow could be seen impacting on the upstream (posterior) surface of the leaflets; such flow is capable of producing form drag forces which can initiate and maintain SAM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Stage Theory and Research on Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drug Use.

The purpose of this article was to examine the conceptual and empirical foundations of individual drug use stage development and progression related to tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. This review indicated that while greater acceptance of the idea that drug use is a complex process, the majority of stage conceptualizations suffer from significant limitations. Although limited, research conducted to date is supportive of the existence of intra-drug use stages of acquisition for cigarettes and other drugs. Research examining inter-drug use progression among youth supports the idea of a generally invariant sequence at a macro-sequential level, involving nonuse to legal drug use, marijuana use, and finally other illegal drug use.
Extending a model-based efficiency calibration of a Si(Li) detector below the Si K-edge

Abstract The full-energy peak efficiency of a well-collimated Si(Li) detector was measured using calibrated radioactive sources for energies between 3.3 and 105 keV; below the Si K-edge (1.84 keV), the efficiency was determined from thick-target analysis of K ionization cross sections of Mg, Al, and Si measured for 80–180 keV protons. A previously introduced model function was fitted to the efficiency data in the two energy regions. Using the known thickness of the dead-silicon layer for our detector, excellent agreement with the accepted value of the Si K-edge jump are obtained from the fits.
A comparison of the urinary excretion of bone resorptive products in white and black children

Bone density is greater in blacks than in whites regardless of age. In adults, bone formation was shown previously to be much lower in blacks than in whites. A lower bone turnover in adult blacks may preserve a high bone density acquired earlier in life. Whether there is a difference in bone turnover in blacks and whites early in life is not known. Bone resorption is known to parallel bone formation, and thus in the present study we looked for racial differences in bone turnover in children by measuring the nocturnal urinary excretion of three markers of bone resorption: hydroxyproline and the pyridinium cross-links, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. Sixty-four black and 145 white children ages 6 through 15 years were studied. We found excretion of hydroxyproline to be similar in whites and blacks. Urinary excretion of the cross-links was about 10% to 15% lower in blacks, but only the excretion of pyridinoline in boys was significantly lower in blacks (p = 0.031). Overnight urinary calcium excretion was about 30% lower in blacks than in whites (p = 0.0016 for boys and p = 0.008 for girls), as has been reported previously by others. In summary, the excretion rates of bone resorptive products in white and black children were similar, suggesting nearly equal bone turnover in the two racial groups, a finding that contrasts with observations made previously in adults.
COENZYME QO DERIVATIVE FROM FIBRIN CLOTS.

DURING my investigation of clotting and lytic factors from fibrin clots, I observed that on boiling in 1 N hydrochloric acid the clots disintegrated and consistently turned a faintly purple colour. Attempts to extract the pigment from the fibrin residue were unsuccessful. To learn more about this compound, 1 1. of normal citrated human plasma was recalcified, the fibrin digested with 1,000,000 units of crystalline bovine trypsin in distilled water at 37° C overnight, and the undigested sediment, making up about 0.5 ml., washed 3 times in saline and once in distilled water. 2 ml. of 1 N hydrochloric acid were then added, and the mixture was placed in a boiling water bath for 10 min. The change in colour of the sediment was again noted, yet following centrifugation some pigment was also seen in the supernatant. It was slightly reddish, but on neutralization with sodium hydroxide became yellow. After drying in the presence of the salt, the pigment could not be taken up in any organic solvent except methanol, and in it only partially. Since chromatographic separation proved possible, strong adsorption to solids appeared to be one of its characteristics. The partially purified pigment in distilled water gave a distinct ultra-violet spectrum, with a minimum at 250 mµ and a maximum at 265 mµ Some pigment was liberated from digested fibrin with β-glucuronidase, but the amount found in the supernatant was much smaller than when boiling with acid was carried out.
Caloric restriction enhances fear extinction learning in mice.

Fear extinction learning, the ability to reassess a learned cue of danger as safe when it no longer predicts aversive events, is often dysregulated in anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) enhance neural plasticity and their ability to enhance fear extinction learning may explain their anxiolytic properties. Caloric restriction (CR) has SSRI-like effects on neural plasticity and anxiety-related behavior. We implemented CR in mice to determine its effects on conditioned-fear responses. Wild type and serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout mice underwent CR for 7 days leading to significant weight loss. Mice were then tested for cued fear learning and anxiety-related behavior. CR markedly enhanced fear extinction learning and its retention in adolescent female mice, and adults of both sexes. These effects of CR were absent in SERT knockout mice. Moreover, CR phenocopied behavioral and molecular effects of chronic fluoxetine, but there was no additive effect of CR in fluoxetine-treated mice. These results demonstrate that CR enhances fear extinction learning through a SERT-dependent mechanism. These results may have implications for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN), in which there is a high prevalence of anxiety before the onset of dietary restriction and support proposals that in AN, CR is a motivated effort to control dysregulated fear responses and elevated anxiety.