cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social media and the transformation of brand communication

In this paper, we examine the ways brands communicate via social media. Using a content analysis, we analyzed 44 of the world's largest brands according to Interbrand to discover the way they communicate through Facebook wall posts and Twitter. We observed some brands are doing a great job creating an interesting environment by posting content specifically to the brand community, but many brands could benefit from creating a more participative and engaged environment in both Facebook and Twitter, as well as being more responsive to their fans. These fans expect they can develop personal relationships with brands on social media. Maintaining an engaging and responsive environment will become increasingly important for those who want to be at the forefront of the social media revolution and reap benefits such as brand loyalty and trust of healthy and engaged brand communities.
What's missing in miscarriage?

Neither the public nor the helping professions have much awareness of miscarriage. Miscarriage is examined from medical, feminist, psychoanalytic, and community psychological perspectives, which are judged critically from a woman's experiential perspective. The latter is presented in depth and utilized to demonstrate the needs for greater awareness and understanding of this kind of personal and family loss.
Ground and excited singlet states of 2-vinylnaphthalene, ethyl-2-naphthylacrylate and N,N-dimethyl-2-naphthylacrylamide in solution

The molecular conformation, spectroscopy and photochemical behavior of 2-vinylnaphthalene and its acrylate and acrylamide analogs were investigated. All three molecules exist as mixtures of syn and anti conformers. Ground state conformer populations were studied by nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy and MM2 calculations. The electronic structure and spectra of the syn and anti conformers were investigated by INDO/S-SCF-CI calculations and were found to be very similar. Dual exponential fluorescence decay is observed for these molecules and is attributed to fluorescence from both the syn and anti conformers. The absence of a wavelength dependence for the fluorescence excitation and emission spectra provides experimental evidence that the syn and anti conformers have similar spectra. Photoisomerization of the acrylate and acrylamide occurs via a triplet state mechanism. Quenching of the acrylate singlet states by amines is more rapid for the syn relative to the anti conformer. Quenching by secondary and tertiary amines results in the regioselective formation of N-H and α-C-H adducts respectively. The quantum yields of photoisomerization and photoaddition were determined for a mixture of the conformers, but were not separated into values for the individual conformers. The spectroscopy and photochemistry of ethyl-1-naphthylacrylate, which exists as a single conformer, were also investigated.
Signal recognition models compared for random and Markov presentation sequences

Models of two-category signal recognition are compared to data from a variety of experimental conditions. For recognition, one of two signals (S1, S2) which vary slightly on some simple physical dimension is presented on each trial, and 0 is to identify (I1, I2 ) which signal was presented. In general, Os show a decrease in both Pr(I1 /S2) and Pr(I2/S1) for either greater Pr(S2) or, sequentially, for greater S2 recency. These effects are described as probability and sequential contrast, respectively. The memory state model (MS) describes a three-state threshold process with responses determined by a simple first-order Markov process which depends on the sensory state and response on the immediately preceding trial. The memory trace regression model (MTR) assumes that O compares the observed signal event with the memory trace of the previous signal event. When the difference is large, the sign of the difference determines the response; when it is small, the response depends on the preceding response. The memory trace is assumed to regress toward the mean signal value. Both models accurately predict the observed bias changes as a function of signal probabilities and of the subsequence of events on the previous trial. The response axioms of the MTR model are modified to predict the results for individual Os for Markov chains of signal events. The response axioms of the MS model are modified to predict responding when information is given to O concerning signal probabilities. Although both models do well under all conditions, the MS model uses fewer parameters and correctly predicts the direction of higher order sequential dependencies.
Graphical style sheets: towards reusable representations of biomedical graphics

We propose that the design characteristics shared by a family of data graphics can be represented as declarative, knowledge-based graphical style sheets that a generalpurpose visualization system can use to generate domainspecific data graphics automatically. Graphical style sheets (GSS) define the layout and drawing conventions shared by members of a particular family of data graphics. A GSS is a declarative mapping between Postscript-like graphical objects and biomedical data stored in object-oriented data structures. We describe the conceptual framework underlying our approach, and a prototype constraint-based visualization system (PALLADIO) and design representation language (P-SPEAK) we are building to evaluate this framework.
Glioma cell growth inhibition following photochemical internalization enhanced non-viral PTEN gene transfection.

Background and Objective One of many limitations for cancer gene therapy is the inability of the therapeutic gene to transfect a sufficient number of tumor cells. Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a photodynamic therapy-based approach for improving the delivery of macromolecules and genes into the cell cytosol. The utility of PCI for the delivery of the GFP reporter gene on the same plasmid as a tumor suppressor gene (PTEN) was investigated in monolayers of U251 human glioma cells and muticell U87 glioma spheroids. Materials and Methods U251 monolayers or U87 spheroids were incubated in AlPcS2a and non-viral vector polyplexes for 18 hours. In all cases, light treatment was performed with a diode laser at a wavelength of 670 nm. The non-viral transfection agents, branched polyethylenimine (bPEI), or protamine sulfate (PS), were used with the plasmid constructs GFP/PTEN or GFP. Results PS/GFP polyplexes were much less toxic to the glioma cells compared to bPEI/GFP polyplexes but were highly inefficient at gene transfection if used alone. PCI resulted in a 5- to 10-fold increase in GFP protein expression compared to controls. PCI-bPEI/PTEN or PCI-PS/PTEN transfection of either U251 monolayers or U87 spheroids significantly inhibited their growth. but had no effect on MCF-7 cells containing a wild-type PTEN gene. In addition PCI-GFP transfection of gliomas cells had no effect on their growth pattern. Conclusions Collectively, the results suggest that AlPcS2a-mediated PCI can be used to enhance cell growth inhibition via transfection of tumor suppressor genes in glioma cells containing mutant PTEN genes. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 746–754, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
¿Quién Soy? Finding My Place in History: Personalizing Learning through Faculty/Librarian Collaboration

Using an authentic assessment approach, two California State University, Fullerton, faculty members developed instructional strategies in support of an assignment that requires students to situate their families within a historical framework. We describe our efforts to provide students with there-search skills to successfully complete the assignment. We used, among other methods, reflective writing assignments to measure the growth of students’ intercultural understanding.
Transnasal permanent interstitial implantation for carcinoma of the nasopharynx

Abstract A technique for transnasal permanent interstitial implantation of the nasopharynx with 125 I seeds is described. This technique allows the precise placement of radioactive sources into mucosal and submucosal tumors, without the need for palatal fenestration. Preliminary results in 10 patients treated by this technique for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma are presented. In the future we also hope to employ this technique for delivering "boost" irradiation to the primary site, in the initial definitive management of carcinoma of the nasopharynx.
Altered expression of Ly-49 receptors on NK cells developing in mixed allogeneic bone marrow chimeras.

Ly-49 molecules are used by NK cells to distinguish ‘self’ from ‘non-self’, but the determinants of Ly-49 expression that allow this distinction to be made are not understood. The education of NK cells for self/non-self recognition was studied in murine mixed allogeneic bone marrow chimeras, in which NK cells are of both host and donor origin. Marked alterations in Ly-49 receptor expression were observed on both host and donor NK cells developing in BALB/c → B6 mixed chimeras. Ly-49A and Ly-49G2 expression was lower on host B6 NK cells of mixed chimeras compared to non-transplanted B6 controls. Among donor BALB/c NK cells, Ly-49C expression levels were reduced, but the proportion of Ly-49C F cells was increased, whereas Ly-49G2 expression was up-regulated compared to non-transplanted BALB/c controls. Thus, Ly-49 expression on donor and host NK cells developing post-bone marrow transplantation evolves toward the expression pattern of the host and donor strains respectively, due to the presence of the allogeneic MHC. In vitro functional NK cell assays showed that donor NK cells in mixed chimeras were not tolerant to host antigens and that host NK cells were not tolerant to the donor. Our data are consistent with a model in which MHC expression in the environment has a dominant down-regulating effect on the expression of Ly-49 molecules that recognize those MHC molecules, regardless of whether they are self or allogeneic. This down-regulation, combined with the limited repertoire of Ly-49 molecules, may not be sufficient to allow NK cells to be tolerant of MHC antigens of a fully MHC-mismatched allogenic strain.
Searching for zodiacal disks with SIM

We present results from simulations of the imaging mode of the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). In particular, we derive the SIM performance for imaging zodiacal disks around solar-type stars. We find that: Zodiacal disks like the one in our solar systems can not be imaged with SIM in a reasonable amount of time; However, SIM can detect and image systems with at least 100 times the solar dust content at distances between 100 pc and several kpc in about 5 hrs, provided that the nulling efficiency lives up to expectations; SIM performs better if the system is more distant because of the fading of the central star; The maximum distance for disk detection depends only on the size of the disk.
Seismic Imaging of Scatterer Migration Associated with the 2004 Parkfield Earthquake Using Waveform Data of Repeating Earthquakes and Active Sources

We used borehole seismic records of four repeating-earthquake clusters and two explosions to investigate the coseismic changes of the scattering wave field of the 28 September 2004 M 6 Parkfield earthquake. We found systematic changes in P-wave and S-wave coda recorded from repeating events that occurred before and immediately after the earthquake. Applying the coda wave interferometry technique allowed us to determine that the observed changes are caused by a localized change in the scattering field. We further developed a technique based on decorrelation indexes calculated from running time windows to locate migrating scatterers. Synthetic tests showed that the technique is relatively insensitive to changes in background velocity of the medium and source location and thus can be applied to records of loosely colocated clusters. We found a localized change of material property within the fault zone at ∼3 km depth beneath the Middle Mountain area. The change is shown most clearly in the P-to-S scattering mode of the active source data and both the P-to-S and S-to-S scattering modes of the repeating earthquakes data, suggesting that the observed scattering property change is a result of charge or discharge of fluids in fractures caused by the 2004 Parkfield earthquake. The same scatterer(s) was found to respond to the 1993 aseismic stress/strain transient event, acting like an in situ stress-strain meter at seismogenic depth. Four-dimensional time-lapse imaging of the scattering wave field thus provides an effective way to monitor the subsurface stress-strain field.
Sensitization of Noncycling Human Diploid Cells to X-Irradiation by Pretreatment with 9-β-d-Arabinofuranosyladenine

The interactions between X-irradiation and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-A) were studied in confluent, density-inhibited cultures of normal human diploid fibroblast cell strain AG1522. ara-A (0.1 to 3.0 x 10(-3) M) was added to the cultures either 2 or 24 h prior to irradiation. The cells were subcultured at low density to measure the surviving fraction either immediately after irradiation, or they were returned to the incubator in the continued presence of ara-A for an additional 4 or 24 h. In cells subcultured immediately after irradiation, pretreatment with ara-A greatly enhanced cell killing by X-rays in a concentration-dependent fashion. The D0 of the survival curve decreased from 143 cGy to 74 or 49 cGy following pretreatment with 1.0 or 3.0 x 10(-3) M ara-A, respectively. ara-A by itself had little effect on the cloning efficiency of nonirradiated cells at concentrations up to 10(-3) M, but higher levels were cytotoxic. When subculture was delayed for 4 or 24 h, the enhancement in survival reflecting potentially lethal damage recovery was not reduced by continuing incubation with ara-A at concentrations up to 10(-3) M. Higher levels significantly inhibited potentially lethal damage repair, as well as producing marked sensitization. With 24-h delayed subcultivation, the D0 of the survival curve decreased from 324 cGy to 63 cGy following incubation with 3.0 x 10(-3) M ara-A. These results indicate that pretreatment with nontoxic concentrations of ara-A can markedly sensitize human cells to the lethal effects of X-rays. This effect appears to be independent of its ability to inhibit postirradiation cellular recovery processes.
A practical paramagnetic relaxation reagent for aqueous solutions

While there is a useable paramagnetic relaxation reagent (PARR) for use in nonpolar or low polarity solvents, there has not been a practical PARR for use in highly polar solvents. A reagent, Gd(NO3)3-inositol, is described which appears to satisfy this need. The performance of the reagent is given in terms of its effect on the T1, NOE and line width values of N,N-dimethylformamide. In addition, the application of this reagent to adenosine is also reported.
AC analysis of thin gate oxide MOS with quantum mechanical corrections

MOS device scaling into the deep submicron regime inevitably relies on thinner gate oxide and higher substrate doping. Quantum mechanical effects must be considered in device design. This paper presents a density-gradient model which expresses the quantum mechanical effects using macroscopic approximation, and AC analysis based on it. 1D and 2D computer simulations of AC analysis show QM effects on threshold voltage and current with different gate oxide thickness and substrate doping. A simple technique to extract device parameters for circuit design is also presented.
Influence of Rate on Demand and Use of Natural Gas in California: ABSTRACT

In the past 2 years innovative changes in rate structure for customers of California's utilities have led to significant changes in demand and end uses of natural gas in the state. Passage of the Miller-Warren Lifeline Act in 1975 has led to subsidies to residential users that have been balanced by inversion of rate schedules for large users and higher rates to interruptible industrial customers. Fuel switching from natural gas to other fuels, principally oil, has been extensive in the last few years owing to the depressed prices associated with No. 6 and No. 2 fuel oil on the West Coast. Because 87% of California gas is imported from Canada and the southwest on all-year contracts, summer surpluses are materializing. A benign 1977-78 winter, together with loss of summer i dustrial customers has led to load management problems which were solved by increased use of natural gas for electrical generation in 1977 and 1978. End_of_Article - Last_Page 421------------
Patterns in food use and their associations with nutrient intakes

This study used the frequency of food-use data collected previously in the Western New York Diet Study, a case-control study of diet and cancer at various sites, to de- velop measures ofdietary patterns for subsequent use in epide- miologic research. Factor analysis was applied to frequency-of- use data of 110 foods for 1475 male and 780 female control subjects. Nine dietary-pattern factors were extracted for each gender. Correlational analyses examined relationships with in- takes of nutrients of concern to cancer epidemiologists-en- ergy, total fat, dietary fiber, and vitamins A and C. Findings indicate that the usual measure for assessing dietary risks, quantile of nutrient intake, reflects several dietary patterns differing in their composition of cancer risk factors. Further- more, patterns may relate to such variables as age, ethnicity, and income, which are themselves related to cancer. This ap- proach may provide a comprehensive measure ofdietary expo- sure for epidemiologic research. Am J C/in Nutr l990;52: 739-45.
Structural analysis of a Laramide, basement-involved, foreland fault zone, Rawlins uplift, south-central Wyoming

The western border of the Hanna Basin is defined by the Rawlins uplift, a Laramide, basement-involved, faulted arch. This north-northwest–south-southeast-trending structure separates the Hanna Basin on the east from the Great Divide Basin (part of the greater Green River depositional basin) on the west. The Rawlins uplift is a west–southwest-vergent, macroscale, fault-related fold. Detailed geologic mapping, construction of serial cross sections, and the incorporation of data from a seismic-reflection profile indicate that displacement along the fault zone flanking the uplift's western margin cannot account for the net structural relief between the Hanna and Great Divide Basins (∼37,000 vertical ft [∼11,285 vertical m] and ∼27,000 vertical ft [∼8,235 vertical m], respectively). The exposed frontal fault traces are interpreted as high-angle (∼70°) splays off a shallowly dipping (∼25°), master fault zone developed within Archean granitic rocks of the Wyoming province. A low-dipping, braided, plastic-to-brittle thrust-fault zone in the Precambrian basement is inferred to accommodate much of the fault displacement and thus account for the structural relief between the core of the uplift and the adjacent basins. Within the study area, displacement along the exposed frontal fault zone decreases from south to north. Within the map area, bedding attitudes along the southwest limb (forelimb) of the uplift range from ∼30–90° with only local areas of overturned beds. However, southwest of the map area, Upper Cretaceous strata are sub-vertical to overturned. On the homoclinal backlimb, dips are ∼10–15° east-northeast into the Hanna Basin. Eastward structural bends at the southern and northern margins of the uplift suggest a component of left-lateral, oblique-slip displacement along the southern margin and right-lateral, oblique-slip displacement along the northern margin. Pre-existing basement anisotropies or discontinuities are likely responsible for these important changes in structural grain.
Performance analysis of high-power synchrotron x-ray monochromators

Future synchrotron radiation facilities such as the Advanced Photon Source to be constructed at Argonne National Laboratory will produce dedicated and powerful beams ofx-ray radiation instrumental in advanced research in key areas of science, engineering, and medicine. The development of critical beamline optical components such as monochromators is pivotal in the successful utilization of the generated x-ray beam. The high heat load of the beam can severely distort, and thus adversely affect the performance of, such components. In this paper, a five-step numerical procedure to predict the performance of an x-ray monochromator subjected to high-power synchrotron radiation is described. The predicted performance of a model double-crystal monochromator system expressed in terms of its rocking curves satisfactorily presents the experimental results. This procedure can reliably be used in the design, evaluation, and optimization of monochromators and other optical components.
A comparison of techniques for computing PFD average

This paper compares two techniques for computing PFDavg-the use of Markov models and simplified equations-and applies each to 10 different system configurations. Results show that Markov models, when properly constructed and interpreted, give exactly the same results as those obtained from classical probability techniques. Claims that Markov model results are incorrect as reported in work by others are unfounded. In fact, they provide exact solutions not only for simple models but also for more realistic, complex models that are not covered by the simplified equations. However, Markov models require greater understanding for correct use. Simplified equations are much easier to use for rough estimates but the simplifications required to keep them easy to use may result in significant errors. These errors in the estimates can be quite large for undetected failures.
Abductive markov logic for plan recognition

Plan recognition is a form of abductive reasoning that involves inferring plans that best explain sets of observed actions. Most existing approaches to plan recognition and other abductive tasks employ either purely logical methods that do not handle uncertainty, or purely probabilistic methods that do not handle structured representations. To overcome these limitations, this paper introduces an approach to abductive reasoning using a first-order probabilistic logic, specifically Markov Logic Networks (MLNs). It introduces several novel techniques for making MLNs efficient and effective for abduction. Experiments on three plan recognition datasets show the benefit of our approach over existing methods.
β + Decay Partial Half-Life of 54 Mn and Cosmic Ray Chronometry

The weak {beta}{sup +} decay of the astrophysically significant radioisotope {sup 54}Mn has been observed. The energies of positrons from a chemically purified {sup 54}Mn source were measured using the APEX spectrometer at Argonne National Laboratory. We deduce a {beta}{sup +} decay branch of (1.20{plus_minus}0.26){times}10{sup {minus}9} , corresponding to a partial half-life of (7.1{plus_minus}1.5){times}10{sup 8} yr . The implications of this value for cosmic-ray confinement times are discussed in light of recent satellite measurements of the cosmic-ray abundance of {sup 54}Mn . {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Abstract 1626: The impact on tumor-stromal interactions of loss of collagen XV from the basement membrane zone.

Most clinical therapeutics used to date depend on specific targeting of cellular components to treat cancers. However, the environment outside the tumor cell is also critical since it may provide new targets to treat malignant and resistant cancers, independent of the tumor. We aim to target the early stages of cancer, prior to metastasis by determining the role of a non-fibrillar collagen (Type XV) and its interactions with the tumor stroma and extracellular environment. Type XV collagen (COLXV) is found in basement membrane zones where it assumes a pretzel-like structure but unlike the majority of fibrillar collagens does not form tight lattice networks surrounding the cell. In aggressive cancers, including breast, pancreas, ovarian and melanomas, Loss of COLXV precedes basement membrane invasion and metastasis. Moreover, the loss of COLXV from the distal side of basement membrane zones and the resulting deficit in its interactions with other proteins may determine its specific function in tumor progression and eventual metastasis. In this context we have identified critical collagen-binding cell surface receptors on the tumor cell, which interact with COLXV and appear to mediate its functions. A number of these interacting proteins show altered signaling in cancer. We previously showed that over-expression of COLXV in cervical cancer cells alters the growth properties of these cells in vitro and that type XV collagen is a dose-dependent suppressor of tumorigenicity in vivo. We now show that over-expression of COLXV inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro through interactions with cell surface receptors and has a dramatic effect on the associated signaling events and alterations on the tumor cell periphery. Alterations in the balance of downstream signaling events may be responsible for tumor progression after the loss of COLXV. We are now further investigating the mechanisms of tumor/stroma crosstalk that are impacted by COLXV and subsequently by its depletion. Citation Format: Anthony G. Clementz, Michael Mutolo, Ann Harris. The impact on tumor-stromal interactions of loss of collagen XV from the basement membrane zone. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1626. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1626
Biphobia in the Family Context: Experiences and Perceptions of Bisexual Individuals

ABSTRACTAlthough attitudes toward same-sex couples have progressed rapidly in the last decade the scholarly literature of the family consistently focuses on gay and lesbian-identified individuals and exclude those who identify within the bisexual spectrum. This lack of information creates and maintains antibisexual prejudice and allows stereotypes about those who identify as bisexual to flourish. Because family membership is lifelong and creates an opportunity to observe different relationships over time, individuals who identify under the bisexual umbrella face considerable antibisexual prejudice from members of their family. Accordingly, the authors sought to more fully understand participants' lived experiences of antibisexual prejudice from family members. The current analysis is a subset of a larger study addressing antibisexual prejudice from family. In this analysis, 156 self-identifying bisexual participants responded to open-ended questions about their family members via an online survey. Four ca...
Clotting of Plasma and Silicone Surfaces

Blood was collected with special care and centrifuged in silicone treated glass tubes at 22-23,000 R.P.M. for various periods of time. Even after prolonged centrifugation, incoagulable plasma could not always be obtained. When clots formed, only a small portion of the fibrinogen was represented as fibrin. Minute amounts of thrombin cause this fibrin formation. No evidence was found to support the view that plasma may contain a soluble factor which can initiate clotting independent of platelet action.
Chapter 20 – Flogging the fluorocarbons

Publisher Summary Professor David Lemal's interests strayed in the direction of reactive intermediates and highly strained molecules. The formation of isomers 3–5 and their remarkable properties, differing so dramatically from those of their hydrocarbon analogues, “hooked” him on fluorine chemistry. While his group continued to work in other areas of organic chemistry as well, organofluorine chemistry became an increasingly important focus of their research efforts. During the 1970s, there was a great controversy over the nature of the ground state of cyclobutadiene, finally shown to be a rectangular singlet. Professor David Lemal became interested during that period in tetrafluorocyclobutadiene, and succeeded in generating it by photolyzing anhydride 21 in the vapor phase. Interest in the chemistry of the new fluorocarbon perfluorocyclooctatetraene, obtained from anhydride 21 and dienone 26, spurred his group to find a more efficient synthetic route to the compound. Photocycloaddition of 1,2-dichlorodifluoroethylene to hexafluorobenzene provided the answer. With the help of serendipity, they discovered the first general method for functionalization in good yield and without extensive fluoride loss of saturated fluorocarbons that possessed a tertiary C–F bond. The method yielded perfluoroenolates, useful synthetic intermediates for the preparation of a variety of other derivatives.
Patterns of recurrence and survival in neuroendocrine cervical cancer.

Abstract Objective To analyze patterns of recurrence and survival and identify prognostic factors in women with neuroendocrine cervical cancer (NECC). Methods We reviewed patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I–IVA NECC who were enrolled in the Neuroendocrine Cervical Tumor Registry and treated with curative intent. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) according to disease and treatment characteristics were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Among 40 patients with NECC, 25 (62%) had small cell NECC, eight (20%) had large cell NECC, and seven (18%) had unspecified neuroendocrine histology. With a median follow-up of 21.5months, 32 patients (80%) experienced progression, and 28 (70%) died. For all patients, the 5-year EFS rate was 20%, and the 5-year OS rate was 27%. Patients with large cell NECC had significantly better median EFS (median not reached vs. 10.0months, p=0.02) and showed a trend toward better median OS (153months vs. 21months, p=0.08) than patients with other histologic types. In patients with early-stage clinically node-negative disease, chemoradiation was associated with significantly better median EFS than surgery (median not reached vs. 18.0months, p=0.04). Conclusions Patients with large cell NECC have better outcomes than patients with other subtypes of NECC. In early-stage node-negative NECC, chemoradiation yields better EFS than surgery. Most patients with NECC, even those with no evidence of nodal disease at diagnosis, rapidly develop widespread hematogenous metastases and die of their disease.
Fault diagnosis and augmented reality-based troubleshooting of HVAC systems

Maintaining Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings and vehicles in superior condition is essential to energy waste minimization, increased equipment availability and improved thermal comfort of occupants. HVAC systems are complex interconnected systems. Consequently, early detection and diagnosis of incipient faults in such systems using robust methodologies and tools is salient for achieving thermal comfort. The increased complexity, cross-subsystem fault propagation, and the associated information propagation delays in networked HVAC systems makes fault diagnosis and maintenance a challenging task. This motivates us to incorporate the emerging technologies, such as real-time monitoring, remote diagnosis and augmented reality (AR) technologies, for efficient fault diagnosis and troubleshooting in such systems. This paper presents an integrated AR-based framework to monitor an HVAC system (or any cyber-physical system) in real-time, access system heath information remotely and act on that information proactively to prevent or minimize the system down time.
Discussing prognosis and treatment goals with patients with advanced cancer: A qualitative analysis of oncologists' language.

Background The National Academy of Medicine recommends that cancer patients be knowledgeable of their prognosis to enable them to make informed treatment decisions, but research suggests few patients receive this information. Objective This qualitative study describes oncologists’ language during discussions of prognosis and treatment goals in clinical interactions with African American patients diagnosed with cancer. Design We analysed transcripts from video recordings of clinical interactions between patients with Stage III or IV cancer (n=26) and their oncologists (n=9). In-depth discourse analysis was conducted to describe and interpret oncologists’ communication behaviours and common linguistic features in the interactions. Setting and participants Data were from a larger study of patient-provider communication between African Americans and oncologists at two cancer hospitals in Detroit. Results Prognosis was discussed in 73.1% (n=19) of the interactions; treatment goals were discussed in 92.3% (n=24). However, analysis revealed that oncologists’ description of prognosis was vague (e.g. “prognosis is a bit worse in your case”) and rarely included a survival estimate. Oncologists often used ambiguous terminology, including euphemisms and jargon, and emphasized uncertainty (e.g. “lesions are suspicious for the disease”). Conversation about prognosis was frequently brief, moving quickly to the urgency and details of treatment. Discussion This study demonstrates how oncologists’ language may obscure discussion of prognosis and treatment goals. The identified behaviours may lead to missed opportunities in eliciting and discussing patients’ knowledge about and preferences for their care. Patient-, provider- and system-oriented interventions are needed to improve clinical communication, especially among minority patients with advanced cancer.
Short-term ecological consequences of collaborative restoration treatments in ponderosa pine forests of Colorado

Abstract Ecological restoration treatments are being implemented at an increasing rate in ponderosa pine and other dry conifer forests across the western United States, via the USDA Forest Service’s Collaborative Forest Landscape Restoration (CFLR) program. In this program, collaborative stakeholder groups work with National Forests (NFs) to adaptively implement and monitor ecological restoration treatments intended to offset the effects of many decades of anthropogenic stressors. We initiated a novel study to expand the scope of treatment effectiveness monitoring efforts in one of the first CFLR landscapes, Colorado’s Front Range. We used a Before/After/Control/Impact framework to evaluate the short-term consequences of treatments on numerous ecological properties. We collected pre-treatment and one year post-treatment data on NF and partner agencies’ lands, in 66 plots distributed across seven treatment units and nearby untreated areas. Our results reflected progress toward several treatment objectives: treated areas had lower tree density and basal area, greater openness, no increase in exotic understory plants, no decrease in native understory plants, and no decrease in use by tree squirrels and ungulates. However, some findings suggested the need for adaptive modification of both treatment prescriptions and monitoring protocols: treatments did not promote heterogeneity of stand structure, and monitoring methods may not have been robust enough to detect changes in surface fuels. Our study highlights both the effective aspects of these restoration treatments, and the importance of initiating and continuing collaborative science-based monitoring to improve the outcomes of broad-scale forest restoration efforts.
An energy harvesting and damage sensing solution based on postbuckling response of nonuniform cross‐section beams

Summary Postbuckling response of elastic beams has been widely used in many systems to develop efficient energy harvesting and damage sensing mechanisms under quasistatic excitations. In particular, the snap-through behavior of bilaterally constrained beams can be used to transform low-frequency and low-rate excitations into high-rate motions. Using a piezoelectric energy harvester, these motions are converted into electric power. However, the efficiency of buckling-based energy harvesters highly depends on the postbuckling behavior of the buckled elements. Inadequate control over the beam's response critically impedes the application of the mechanism. This study aims to control the location of the snap-throughs and the spacing between the transitions in order to increase the levels of the harvested energy and tune the sensitivity of the sensor. As uniform prismatic beams do not allow for such control, nonprismatic cross-section beams are herein investigated. An energy-based theoretical model is developed in this study to investigate the effect of different shapes and geometries on the postbuckling response of nonuniform beams. The total potential energy of the system is minimized under constraints that represent the physical confinement between the lateral boundaries. Experimental results prove that the theoretical model is accurate and can be used to optimize the buckling elements. Results show that the spacing between the transitions can be tuned. Furthermore, an optimal buckling element can improve the energy conversion efficiency by more than 290%.
Total-Ionizing-Dose Response of Nb 2 O 5 -Based MIM Diodes for Neuromorphic Computing Applications

Nb2O5-based metal–insulator–metal (MIM) diodes are ideal for neuromorphic computing applications because they exhibit desirable rectification, hysteresis, and capacitance characteristics without electroforming. We employ capacitance-frequency measurements to evaluate the total-ionizing-dose res- ponse of these devices to avoid measurement-induced disturbance of trap distributions caused by typical gate-voltage sweeping methods. Power-law dependences are observed for the low-frequency capacitance and conductance, consistent with hopping conduction of carriers through the oxides. Despite their high oxygen-vacancy densities, the Nb2O5-based MIM diodes are radiation tolerant up to at least Mrad(SiO2) doses.
Cancer immunotherapy: The dark side of PD-1 receptor inhibition

Inhibiting the protein PD-1 can activate T cells that trigger immune responses against tumour cells. But it emerges that, in mice, this immunotherapy exacerbates a cancer that involves the T cells themselves. See Letter p.121 PD-1 functions as an inhibitory receptor in the immune system and is a target of cancer immunotherapy. Jurgen Ruland and colleagues now show that PD-1 also functions as a tumour suppressor that is often lost in human T cell lymphomas. Experimentally, loss of PD-1 promotes the development of T cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas by modulating oncogenic signalling pathways. Blocking these pathways reduces tumorigenesis. These findings may have implications for T cell lymphoma therapies.
Case 7-2018: A 25-Year-Old Man with New-Onset Seizures.

A Man with New-Onset Seizures A 25-year-old man with marfanoid habitus was admitted to the hospital because of new-onset seizures. Imaging studies revealed thrombosis of the cerebral venous sinus and internal jugular vein. A diagnostic test was performed.
Patterns of Systolic Blood Pressure Control in the United States, 2016.

Hypertension affects over 100 million individuals in the USA and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).1 Treatment to reduce blood pressure (BP) reduces the risk of CVD, stroke, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality. Despite these benefits, the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension remain suboptimal. Treatment efforts need to be monitored because of their impact on public health. The standards for evaluating BP control have shifted over the past decade. JNC 7 targeted systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 140 mmHg for most and < 130 in higher risk patients.2 In contrast, JNC 8 relaxed treatment targets to < 150 in most older patients (age ≥ 60) and SBP < 140 for all others.3 Increasing evidence, particularly from SPRINT, suggests the feasibility and benefits of intensive BP control goals well below < 140/90.4 Recent AHA/ACC guideline targets 130/80 for a broad range of patients with elevated risk of CVD events.1 Racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension management persist. NHANES data shows the highest prevalence of hypertension among blacks as well as less adequate BP control among blacks and Hispanics. Lower socioeconomic status, independent of race/ethnicity, is correlated with higher prevalence of hypertension and CVD.1 We analyzed current national patterns of BP management using a variety of potential SBP targets to assess overall levels of BP control as well as disparities in treatment.
Ambiguity: Hide the Presence of Individuals and Their Privacy with Low Information Loss.

Publishing a database instance containing individual information poses two kinds of privacy risk: presence leakage, by which the attackers can explicitly identify individuals in (or not in) the database, and association leakage, by which the attackers can unambiguously associate individuals with sensitive information. However, the existing privacy-preserving data publishing techniques that can protect both presence privacy and association privacy have considerable amounts of information loss, while the techniques that produce better utility fail to protect the presence privacy. In this paper, we propose a novel technique, ambiguity, to protect both presence privacy and association privacy with low information loss. We formally define the privacy model and quantify the privacy guarantee of our ambiguity technique against both presence leakage and association leakage. We investigate the information loss of the ambiguity technique and theoretically prove that it always has less information loss than the generalization-based techniques. We accompany the theory with an efficient algorithm that constructs the ambiguity scheme that provides sufficient protection of both presence privacy and association privacy with low information loss. Extensive experiments demonstrate that compared with generalization approach, our ambiguity technique always achieves better accuracy of data analysis.
Structure of urea transporters

Members of the urea transporter (UT) family mediate rapid, selective transport of urea down its concentration gradient. To date, crystal structures of two evolutionarily distant UTs have been solved. These structures reveal a common UT fold involving two structurally homologous domains that encircle a continuous membrane-spanning pore and indicate that UTs transport urea via a channel-like mechanism. Examination of the conserved architecture of the pore, combined with crystal structures of ligand-bound proteins, molecular dynamics simulations, and functional data on permeation and inhibition by a broad range of urea analogs and other small molecules, provides insight into the structural basis of urea permeation and selectivity.
How children learn to use language

There have been many theories about how children learn to use language. Professor Narasimhan proposed a theory of child language acquisition based on behavioural pragmatics. In this article we present a simplified version of his theories about how children learn to communicate, to describe, manipulate and explore the world around them from exposure to variety of language utterances and non-verbal inputs such as gestures and pointing. We also discuss the method he used to substantiate his ideas, and briefly present a computational model of the ideas arising from his work.
Energy Consumption and Performance of Sectoral Outputs: Results from an Energy-Impoverished Economy

This paper is directed at exploring the relationship among energy consumption, disaggregated sectoral output (GDP) and economic growth in Nigeria using time series data. The study applied a plethora of estimation techniques (multivariate unit root, Johansen cointegration and Granger causality tests). The study found that energy consumption has enhanced the performance of agriculture, health, manufacturing, utilities, finance and transport sectors in Nigeria during the period under consideration. Long-run energy consumption was found to be detrimental to the performance of administration output (GDP). The study recommends that energy consumption should be encouraged essentially for sectoral and industrial purposes (the production of intermediate goods and services) and not only for household consumption.
Marijuana in the Workplace: Distinguishing Between On-Duty and Off-Duty Consumption

The proliferation of legal marijuana foretells an uncertain future for businesses that implement zero-tolerance drug policies. In states where recreational marijuana is legal, businesses still have the power to enforce drug policies through employment contracts. That changed in Maine, where state law prohibits employers from making adverse employment decisions based solely on an employee’s off-duty use of marijuana. As legalization efforts sweep across the Midwest, it is unclear whether other states will follow Maine’s model. Some businesses have already relaxed pre employment marijuana testing amid labor shortages. To prepare for the future, employers should revise their drug policies to distinguish between on-duty and off-duty marijuana consumption and allow employees to use marijuana outside of the workplace.
Open-Ended Novice Programming Behaviors and their Implications for Supporting Learning

Though support for learning computing in schools is growing, many children still begin learning to program without formal support in open-ended programming environments. While researchers have evaluated the final code of these types of projects, we know little about how users’ behaviors and usage of support tools relate to understanding. We ran a study where participants had open-ended programming time with access to one of two support tools: suggestions or tutorials. Participants then completed four tasks which required understanding of the suggestion or tutorial content. We did not find an effect of suggestions compared to tutorials on knowledge application, but we did find that many participants who performed better tended to explore more of the interface, code behaviors, and support tools. Our results suggest that future tools for encouraging learning during open-ended programming should likely focus on supporting users who tend to explore less on their own.
Microwave spectrum and 14N quadrupole coupling constants of carbazole

Abstract The microwave spectrum of carbazole was observed and analyzed in the 8–14 GHz region using a pulsed molecular-beam Fabry Perot microwave spectrometer. Carbazole was vaporized in a heated nozzle source and was entrained in neon carrier gas before expansion into the Fabry Perot cavity. The rotational transitions were fitted using a rigid rotor Hamiltonian without centrifugal distortion parameters. The rotational constants are A=2253.1985(2) MHz, B=594.1861(2) MHz and C=470.3503(1) MHz. The inertial defect is small (−0.36 μA2) and consistent with a planar molecule. The high resolution available with the instrument (∼10 kHz) allowed the determination of the 14N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants as χaa=2.0697(40) MHz, χbb=1.8719(35) MHz and χcc=−3.9416(35) MHz. A comparison of the electronic environment of the nitrogen atom was made for the series pyrrole, indole and carbazole.
Examining the roles of intuition and gender in magical beliefs

Abstract Four studies explored gender differences in magical beliefs, specifically examining whether reliance on intuition accounts for women’s higher magical beliefs (vs. men’s). In Studies 1a and 1b (N’s = 489, 1119), women’s higher magical beliefs were accounted for by measures of reliance on intuition. Study 2 (N = 533) demonstrated that an intuition induction heightened men’s magical beliefs (vs. control group), but not women’s. In Study 3 (N = 404), women—but not men—exhibited more suboptimal choices in a lottery task after imagining that a dream told them to do so. These studies suggest that reliance on intuition helps account for women’s higher magical beliefs.