cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dispersion modeling to compare alternative technologies for odor remediation at swine facilities.

Abstract The effectiveness of 18 alternative technologies for reducing odor dispersion at and beyond the boundary of swine facilities was assessed in conjunction with an initiative sponsored through agreements between the Attorney General of North Carolina and Smithfield Foods, Premium Standard Farms, and Frontline Farmers. The trajectory and spatial distribution of odor emitted at each facility were modeled at 200 and 400 m downwind from each site under two meteorological conditions (daytime and nighttime) using a Eulerian–Lagrangian model. To predict the dispersion of odor downwind, the geographical area containing the odorant sources at each facility was partitioned into 10-m2 grids on the basis of satellite photographs and architectural drawings. Relative odorant concentrations were assigned to each grid point on the basis of intensity measurements made by the trained odor panel at each facility using a 9-point rating scale. The results of the modeling indicated that odor did not extend significantly ...
Effects of thiols on sheep erythrocytes resulting in enhanced rosette formation with human T lymphocytes.

SummaryThe mechanism of enhanced interaction of T-L with SRBC-A has been explored and the following results obtained: (1) Compared with SRBC, SRBC-A contain identical quantities of protein, phos-pholipid, and sialic acid, but have slightly reduced SH content; (2) treatment of SRBC with thiols having charge properties different from AET also facilitates rosetting; (3) exposure of SRBC to various SH-alkylating reagents, either before or after thiol treatment, does not diminish thiol-enhanced rosetting; (4) trypsinization of SRBC and of SRBC-A completely abolishes the ability of these cells to rosette; and (5) no differences could be detected between intact SRBC and SRBC-A, or in their solubilized membrane components, by SDS-PAGE and by ESR. These results indicate that free SH groups of SRBC membranes are not directly involved in the rosetting process. Thiol-enhanced rosetting probably results from cleavage of membrane S-S bridges resulting in configu-rational changes within the SRBC membrane. The interactio...
Research Note on Political Correlates of Voter Participation: A Deviant Case Analysis

This note attempts to show the explanatory limits of current generalizations about political participation behavior by analyzing a deviant case (West Virginia). Voter participation patterns in West Virginia cannot be explained in terms of traditional research findings based on socioeconomic variables. The present study therefore suggests a research framework that complements the customary socioeconomic and political output analysis. Its thesis, broadly stated, is that political style, culture, and organizational variables must be included in any paradigm that attempts to explain the relationships between state political systems and voting behavior patterns. The West Virginia data support this thesis.
Stages of Grief: Enacting Lamentation in Late Ancient Hymnography

This essay explores the rhetoric and performance of grief by examining two related bodies of texts composed in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: eulogies for deceased individuals (hespedim) and communal laments (kinot) for Jerusalem; also included are two “narrative laments” from the same corpus that construct the voices of grieving biblical characters. In the analysis, the dynamics among the living participants in the mourning rituals are investigated, as well as the ways rituals of individual grief and rituals of communal mourning shape each other. Throughout the analysis, specific rhetorical techniques associated with mourning in both the Jewish world and in classical Greco-Roman sources and early Christian materials merit particular scrutiny, as do the experiential components of rhetorical techniques such as refrains, antiphony, anadiplosis, and dialogue. Along the way, contextual features important for understanding the function and efficacy of these works are addressed: social setting, liturgical station, affinity for biblical texts, and the status of the mourned party.
Design of a UWB Microstrip Directional Coupler Based on Broadside Coupling Theory

This paper describes a novel ultra-wideband microstrip directional coupler,which adopts a broadside coupling theory.Compared with the narrow coupling structure,broadside coupling structure can increase coupling area and realize 3dB tight coupling in a wide frequency range.In order to further expand the operating bandwidth of the coupler,this paper uses tapered coupling structure instead of the traditional rectangular couping structure.The HFSS simulation results show that the insertion loss of the directional coupler is less than 0.9dB,the return loss at the input port is more than 21dB and the isolation at port is more than 20dB across 2GHz to 6GHz.
Cyanosis in a patient with combined ostium primum and secundum atrial septal defects and anomalous inferior vena cava with azygos continuation: Case report and surgical considerations

A case is described of combined ostium primum and ostium secundum atrial septal defects and azygos connection of the inferior vena cava plus cyanosis. Emphasis is made to recognize the functional mechanism of cyanosis and to demonstrate the anatomic site of hepatic venous drainage so that an appropriate corrective operative procedure can be planned. A gratifying result was achieved in this case after closure of the atrial septal defects.
Load-Testing of Web Site Applications: Analysis and Recommendations

INTRODUCTION The growth in e-commerce has been accompanied by an enormous need to host robust web sites. Electronic Commerce has changed the role of Information Technology (IT) function from its elementary business support to providing key competitive advantages. Rapid changes in several technologies, while improving the ability to develop and deliver web sites quickly, have also increased the complexity of designing and managing them. It is easy for a consumer or business partner to change to a different supplier if an in-house or outsourced E-Commerce site does not perform up to expectations. Implementing an appropriate web-application testing program is critical in an environment where barriers to switching suppliers of web sites are minimal. Developing robust web sites that perform well under varying loads can be ensured only by a rigorous testing of these web sites before launching them in a production environment. An ideal e-commerce application testing should enable organizations to predict, measure and improve their e-commerce solutions. Figure 1 shows a simplified e-commerce architecture. This architecture is considerably more complex than an average client/server architecture. This architecture does not include complex network details and load balancing hardware. Complexity of an E-commerce architecture demands application testing that is much more complex than the testing of other types of applications. While there are different types of soft-
Identification of inhibitors for single-stranded DNA-binding proteins in eubacteria

Objectives The increasing threat of drug-resistant bacteria establishes a continuing need for the development of new strategies to fight infection. We examine the inhibition of the essential single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) SSBA and SSBB as a potential antimicrobial therapy due to their importance in DNA replication, activating the SOS response and promoting competence-based mechanisms of resistance by incorporating new DNA. Methods Purified recombinant SSBs from Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus anthracis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Francisella tularensis) bacteria were assessed in a high-throughput screen for inhibition of duplex DNA unwinding by small molecule inhibitors. Secondary electrophoretic mobility shift assays further validated the top hits that were then tested for MICs using in vitro assays. Results We have identified compounds that show cross-reactivity in vitro, as well as inhibition of both F. tularensis and B. anthracis SSBA. Five compounds were moderately toxic to at least two of the four bacterial strains in vivo, including two compounds that were selectively non-toxic to human cells, 9-hydroxyphenylfluoron and purpurogallin. Three of the SSBA inhibitors also inhibited S. aureus SSBB in Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions Results from our study support the potential for SSB inhibitors as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents, with dual targeting capabilities against Gram-positive bacteria.
Multi-Layer Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna For Wideband Applications

A multi-layer cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (MCDRA) is designed for wideband applications. The design is performed numerically and verified experimentally. The antenna consists of three-different dielectric discs one on top of the other. A coaxial probe is used to excite the antenna and is placed off the antenna axis to achieve a broadside radiation patterns. A 10 dB return loss of about 66% bandwidth is achieved with a 50 Ohms coaxial port.
The construction and application of Markov state models for colloidal self-assembly process control

Markov state models have been widely applied to study time sequential events in a variety of disciplines. Due to their versatility for representing system stochasticity, Markov state models hold the promise to simplify simulation and design control policies for colloidal self-assembly systems. In this manuscript, we investigate the effects of state discretization, transition time, sampling approach, and the number of samples on the accuracy of a Markov state model for a colloidal self-assembly process. The model accuracy is evaluated based on the performance of the optimal control policy, calculated with a Markov decision process-based optimization framework, for controlling a Brownian dynamics simulation to produce perfect crystals. The results suggest using a dynamic sampling, a transition time similar to the system characteristic time, a clustering-based state discretization, and an average of at least five samples per state, to efficiently build an accurate Markov state model.
Digital Preservation Metadata Practice for E-Journals and E-Books

There is no universally correct or uniform amount or type of preservation metadata to capture. E-books and e-journals present unique scalability challenges in the large variety of input formats a preservation agency will receive, the vast amount of published content, the need to manage a huge archive of billions of files, and the reality that sometimes articles and books are updated. What is more, e-books and e-journals have a complex content model that requires special attention. This chapter presents such challenges and illustrates them with the choices made in the Portico preservation service.
Venture-backed News Startups and the Field of Journalism

This article is an empirical investigation of 18 venture-backed news startups from around the United States and Europe. The central concern here is to examine yet another new entrant to the journalism ecosystem by asking how venture-backed news startups both depart from and replicate traditional journalism. These news startups aim to solve what they see as problems with journalism in novel ways, yet their concerns mirror larger historical critiques of journalism. In this respect, news startups leave the fundamental doxa of the field mostly intact. However, their distinct technological and cultural innovations—the creation of algorithms and other news personalization efforts, the development of scalable technology such as platforms, and the elevation of technological innovation and technologists as equal to journalists—do prompt consideration about how the underlying habitus of journalists, or their sense of the “feel of the game,” may well be challenged.
Escherichia coli 0157:H7-associated colitis: A clinical and histological study of 11 cases

Hemorrhagic colitis is characterized by abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, and no or low-grade fever. Most cases are caused by the Shiga-like toxin-producing bacteria, Escherichia coli O157:H7. Nineteen colonic biopsy specimens and one resection specimen were reviewed from 11 patients with E. coli O157:H7-associated colitis to determine whether histologic features could be useful in diagnosis or in suggesting pathogenesis. All specimens showed hemorrhage and edema in the lamina propria. Specimens from nine patients were focally necrotic and showed hemorrhage and acute inflammation in the superficial mucosa with preservation of the deep crypts, similar to the pattern of injury associated with acute ischemic colitis. Specimens from five patients showed neutrophils focally infiltrating the lamina propria and crypts, resembling the pattern of injury seen in infectious colitis. One or both of these histologic patterns were observed in specimens from all but one patient. Specimens from four patients had poorly formed inflammatory pseudomembranes. It is concluded that the histologic features of E. coli O157:H7-associated colitis resemble a combination of ischemic and infectious injuries similar to those described in toxin-mediated Clostridium difficile-associated colitis. This suggests that the toxin(s) produced by these E. coliplay a role in the colonic injury. Infection with E. coli O157:H7 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ischemic and infectious colitis.
On the structure and impurities of a nominally homologous set of detonation nanodiamonds

Abstract Unexpected variations in the purity and structure of commercial detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) is an ongoing issue. Unfortunately, influences of these variations and how they affect DND behaviors are seldom addressed. This work investigates nominally homologous commercial DNDs sold by a single vendor under the same item number but different lots. Paraffin wax and surfactant were discovered as the major organic contaminants in the DND samples along with metallic impurities. The relative quantities of these contaminants were correlated to discrepancies in the structure and crystallinity of DNDs. The DNDs containing more contaminants possessed thicker shells surrounding the diamond cores; the diamond crystallinity was observed to quickly disappear, on the order of several minutes, when exposed to 200 kV electron beam. On the other hand, those DNDs carrying fewer impurities exhibited a stable diamond structure. The differences in metallic impurities were attributed to variations in the DND purification treatments, and did not appear to affect a morphological change under the electron beam. The present work demonstrates the negative effects of impurities in commercial DNDs on the content and stability of diamond carbons. The results also have implications on possible factors that must be considered when using commercial DNDs for advanced applications.
Current Federal Reserve Policy Under the Lens of Economic History: Politics on the Road to the U.S. Monetary Union

Is political unity a necessary condition for a successful monetary union? The early United States seems a leading example of this principle. But the view is misleadingly simple. I review the historical record and uncover signs that the United States did not achieve a stable monetary union, at least if measured by a uniform currency and adequate safeguards against systemic risk, until well after the Civil War and probably not until the founding of the Federal Reserve. Political change and shifting policy positions end up as key factors in shaping the monetary union that did ultimately emerge.
A felicidade e o engagement no trabalho nos cuidados de saúde primários

Objectives: To test the association between psychological well-being (PWB) and health-care professionals’ work engagement. Type of Study: Cross-sectional analytical study. Setting: Matosinhos Group of Health Centers and Grande Porto IV Group of Health Centers. Population: Healthcare professionals from the two Groups of Health Centers. Methods: We used the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), validated for the Portuguese language, to evaluate the PWB and work engagement, respectively. Using a multiple linear regression model, we tested the relation between PWB and work engagement, controlling for several confounding variables. Results: Between the professionals, 52.5% are happy or quite happy and 45.5% show a high engagement level. There is a significant correlation between both scales (r=0.32, pp<0.05). This correlation is maintained even when controlled for confounding variables (β=0.621, CI95% [0.423-0.818]). Age and years of work are correlated with the UWES (r=0.16, p=0.008 and r=0.16, p=0.010) and with the OHQ (r=-0.14, p=0.02 and r=-0.13, p=0.03). Conclusions: The correlation found between PWB and engagement was expected by the current literature. Higher age and service time correlate with engagement, as seen in previous studies, but to lower PWB. This study approaches an important theme in the Primary Health Care field, suggesting the implementation of strategies that promote personal and team development.
Conceptual design of a freeze-tolerant Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System for Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactors

Abstract One of the key potential advantages of the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR) is the use of passive safety systems that ensure the safe response of the reactor during anticipated operational occurrences, design basis events, and beyond design basis events. Typically, FHRs use a Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System (DRACS) to remove the decay heat under a variety of accidents when the active reactor shutdown system is unavailable. Thus, it plays a key role in preventing the overheating/overcooling of the reactor in case of the failure of other primary means of heat removal. To enhance the operational reliability of DRACS, two DRACS designs are proposed in this study. The proposed DRACS designs are composed of two natural circulation salt loops and a water tank as the heat sink. This study focused on the transient behavior of DRACS of the FHRs during Loss of Heat Sink (LOHS) accident. Calculations were performed using RELAP5-3D to evaluate the design features of each concept, based on one design concept, the University of California, Berkeley’s Mark-1 pebble-bed FHR (PB-FHR). The calculation shows that the Mk-1 PB-FHR with DRACS proposed in this paper can operate for a relatively long time (about 90 h for design A and 430 h for design B) for a LOHS transient without operator involvement.
Comparative Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Versus Upfront Surgery in the Management of Recto-Sigmoid Junction Cancer.

Abstract Introduction The optimal management of locally advanced recto-sigmoid cancer is unclear. Although some experts advocate for upfront surgery, others recommend neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery. We used the National Cancer Database to characterize patterns-of-care and overall survival (OS) associated with these treatment strategies. Patients and Methods Patients with clinical stage II or III recto-sigmoid cancer who underwent surgery with or without adjunctive chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy from 2006 to 2014 were identified, and dichotomized into: (1) upfront surgery, and (2) neoadjuvant chemoradiation cohorts. Patterns-of-care were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. The association between neoadjuvant chemoradiation use and OS was assessed using Cox proportional hazards analysis with propensity score-matching. Results Of 9313 identified patients, 6756 (73%) underwent upfront surgery and 2557 (27%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Treatment at academic facilities and higher clinical T stage were predictors of neoadjuvant chemoradiation use. Compared with upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiation resulted in fewer positive circumferential resection margins (384 [11%] patients vs. 108 [8%] patients; P = .001), and 478 [18.7%] patients achieved a pathologic complete response at surgery. In propensity score-matched analysis, neoadjuvant chemoradiation use was associated with improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-0.90) compared with upfront surgery; 5-year estimated OS was 77.0% versus 72.0%, respectively. The improvement in OS persisted in landmark analysis of patients who survived at least 12 months. Conclusion Only a small percentage of patients with locally advanced recto-sigmoid cancer receive neoadjuvant chemoradiation even though its use might result in improved OS relative to upfront surgery. Prospective research is warranted to validate and standardize therapeutic strategies in patients with recto-sigmoid cancer.
Human:Mouse Antibody-Producing Transfectoma Cell Lines

A new means to generate antibodies (Ab’s) with desired antigen-specificities and biological effector functions is to create transfectoma Ab-producing cell lines. These cell lines are derived from lymphoid cell lines that have been transfected with novel immunoglobulin genes using DNA-mediated gene transfer techniques. The context is our attempts at understanding the regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression. A direct outcome of these studies has been a means of generating human Ab molecules with mouse antigen-specificities.
Culture of seminal fluid in a fertility clinic.

To determine whether the culture of seminal fluid in a fertility clinic is of importance, bacterial cultures were obtained in a consecutive series of 96 patients. Routine bacteriologic cultures were performed within 1 hour of collection. Ureaplasma urealyticum (T-mycoplasma) cultures were also obtained in the last 31 of the patients in this series. Of these 96 patients, 11% showed significant bacterial growth (>10 4 colonies/ml) in the semen specimens, 8% in those patients with normal semen analyses and 14% in those with abnormal analyses. Fifty-eight per cent of semen specimens were positive for U. urealyticum . In reference to normal and abnormal semen analyses the distribution was the same regardless of the presence or absence of U. urealyticum . Antibiotic treatment resulted in minor changes in motility and morphology in a few patients despite conversion to a negative culture. Cultures were also coordinated with microscopic urinalysis and the presence of white blood cells or bacteria in stained smears of semen. There were no significant differences between groups with positive or negative cultures. Trichomonas vaginalis was not seen.
TREATING THE CHILD ABUSER

Scientific, empirically based approaches to the treatment of any problem depend upon the adequacy of theoretical models concerning the cause of the problem. As discussed in other chapters, for many years there was a paucity of sound empirical data that could be used either to account for the presence of child abusive patterns or to guide the development of effective interventions for child abusers. Prior to the mid-1970s, most models of child abuse were unifactorial in nature and attempted to predict the occurrence of child maltreatment in families from single etiological causes, such as parent psychopathology or sociological disadvantage (see reviews by Belsky, 1980; Burgess, 1979; Parke & Collmer, 1975). Treatment interventions based on such models also tended to be unifactorial, usually emphasizing treatment of a parent’s postulated underlying psychiatric disorder or the alleviation of socioeconomic distress. However, most of these therapeutic interventions were unevaluated or investigated only with uncontrolled and anecdotal outcome reports.
Das Wesen der Ethik

Bisher haben sich die im zweiten Teil des Buches gegebenen systematischen Untersuchungen nur mit Fragen der Erkenntnis befast; im besonderen haben wir gezeigt, wie das synthetische Apriori aus dem Felde des Wissens beseitigt worden ist. Das vorliegende Kapitel befast sich mit einer ahnlichen Analyse auf dem Gebiete der Ethik.
Panitumumab-IRDye800CW for Fluorescence-Guided Surgical Resection of Colorectal Cancer.

Abstract Background Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is a rapidly advancing field that may improve outcomes in several cancer types. Although screening has decreased colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, it remains a common and often fatal malignancy. In this study, we sought to identify an optical imaging agent for the application of FGS technology to CRC. Methods We compared a panitumumab-IRDye800CW conjugate to an IgG-IRDye800CW isotype control. Mice were implanted with one of three CRC cell lines (LS174T, Colo205, and SW948) and imaged with open- and closed-filed fluorescence imaging systems. Fluorescent contrast was quantified by calculating the ratio between tumor and background fluorescence. After 10 d, the mice were sacrificed, and their tumors stained for microscopic imaging. Results Panitumumab-IRDye800CW produced significantly greater (P Conclusions Panitumumab-IRDye800CW produces significantly greater fluorescent contrast than IgG-IRDye800CW in a murine model of CRC and is a suitable agent for the application of FGS technology to CRC.
Purulent Pericarditis in Sickle Cell Disease Due to Streptococcus agalactiae; a Unique Case Report and Literature Review.

Purulent pericarditis is a localized infection with a thick, fibrinous hypercellular exudate and is historically associated with a high mortality. We describe a case of purulent pericarditis due to...
Pathways to trump: Republican voters in 2016

Abstract The 2016 candidacy of Donald Trump has drawn considerable interest among social scientists and it invites a broader investigation into analyzing the dynamics of primary elections. We identify four key popular accounts that supposedly explained Trump's support: authoritarianism, populism, ethnic prejudice, and trade and immigration attitudes, most of which are associated with an argument about support for Trump in the white working class. With a unique survey panel to explore changing support for Republican presidential candidates over the primary season, we test these competing theories and examine their fit to the pattern of support and opposition to Trump before and after the primaries. We find that populist attitudes and anti-Muslim bias were considerably more important than authoritarian dispositions, and immigration and trade policy attitudes in explaining support for Trump among Republicans during the 2016 primary season. We demonstrate how Trump's supporters became more diverse as they increased in numbers over the primary season, but new supporters were not a representative sample of Republicans who initially supported other candidates.
On Distribution Function Estimation Using Log-Odds Interpolation

This paper considers the problem of distribution function estimation and quantile estimation of a studentized statistic that admits an asymptotic normal distribution. We propose an interpolation method that is built upon a linear approximation to the distribution function on the log-odds scale. The proposal combines a jackknife-type estimator obtained at a subsample size and the limiting normal distribution. We show that with the optimal subsample size the convergence rate of the proposal is at least $$O(n^{-5/6})$$ , making it more preferable than the delete-d jackknife and at least as accurate as the corrected jackknife method in Booth and Hall (in Ann Stat 21(3):1476–1485, 1993). Extensive simulation studies suggest that the proposal generally yields better performance than existing methods in achieving a smaller mean squared error in the context of quantile estimation across different distributions and tail percentiles.
Is there a relationship between cannabis use problems, emotion dysregulation, and mental health problems among adults with chronic pain?

Cannabis is often used to manage pain among persons who suffer from chronic pain. Yet, despite much literature suggesting cannabis use problems are associated with mental health problems, little wo...
Can negative buzz increase awareness and purchase intent

Consumers are regularly exposed to negative information about brands through word-of-mouth, news, reviews, and social media. Prior literature on consumers’ response to negative brand information has shown that when more negative information is available about a brand, sales are depressed. In contrast, we find that an increase in negative information about a brand may lead to an increase in brand awareness and purchase intent for the brand. Using four years of weekly survey data tracking customers’ attitudes towards computer and automobile brands, we estimate VARX models that relate a survey measure of exposure to negative information about a brand (negative buzz) with brand awareness, positive feeling toward the brand, and purchase intent for the brand. As expected, for automotive brands, we find that a shock in negative buzz leads to higher brand awareness and negative effects on positive feeling and purchase intent. However, for computers, we find that an increase in negative buzz is followed by increases in awareness, positive feeling, and purchase intent. This suggests there are circumstances when negative buzz should not be suppressed.
Language Design and Communicative Competence: The Minimalist Perspective

In the Minimalist Program, the place of linguistic communication in language evolution and design is clear: It is assumed to be secondary to internalisation. I will defend this position against its critics, and maintain that natural selection played a more crucial role in selecting features of externalization and communication than in developing the computational system of language, following some core insights of Minimalism. The lack of communicative advantages to many core syntactic processes supports the Minimalist view of language use. Alongside the computational system, human language exhibits ostensive-inferential communication via open-ended combinatorial productivity, and I will explore how this system is compatible with – and does not preclude – a Minimalist model of the language system.
Metabolic and Population Effects of Winter Tick Infestations on Moose: Unique Evolutionary Circumstances?

Moose (Alces alces) have evolved to store adequate body fat to emerge from winter in adequate nutritional condition that is key to annual productivity and neonatal survival. Blood consumption by winter ticks (Dermacentor albipictus) affects survival and productivity of moose, often resulting in marked local and regional die-offs of the calf segment of the population. Concurrent with an unprecedented frequency of winter tick epizootics (> 50% calf mortality) in the northeastern United States, productivity but not mortality of adult female moose has also declined due to low rates of twinning and calving. Chronic blood loss to winter ticks affects protein and energy balance in late winter-early spring when pregnant cows are in their energy- and protein-costly 3rd trimester, and will eventually calve and lactate initially in an environment low in digestible energy and protein. To describe this dynamic, I calculated the endogenous fat and protein balance of different-sized pregnant cows by developing energy balance equations that accounted temporally for gestation, winter tick infestation, and lactation under two consumption levels. The analysis revealed the critical importance of body mass and body fat as only large cows (25% pre-winter body fat) were immune from depletion of body fat at birth in all scenarios. Mid-sized cows (20% body fat) depleted fat reserves during gestation in most scenarios, and small cows (15% body fat) in all scenarios. The infestation and forage consumption levels influenced the predicted date of fat depletion up to several weeks, and failed calving or mortal mass loss associated with rapid loss of endogenous protein was possible in mid-sized and small cows. The continual decline in demographic parameters points to reduced body mass and body fat over time, or increased numbers of mid-sized and small cows in the population. Recent research is suggestive of a self-sustaining relationship largely influenced, ironically, by quality habitat and patterns of habitat use. This regional population is confronted with a unique and sustained combination of environmental and parasitic conditions associated with a warming climate that markedly affects its survival and reproduction in quality habitat, a unique occurrence in their evolutionary history.
One-electron redox kinetics of aqueous transition metal couples Zn2+/+, Co2+/+, and Ni2+/+ using pulse radiolysis.

The one-electron redox potentials for aqueous metal couples Co2+/+ and Ni2+/+ have been investigated by using pulse radiolysis using their reactions with a series of reference compounds to establish the most positive upper limits of E0. Experiments with Zn+ were also carried out to confirm the characteristic shape of the expected reduction kinetics. Both formate ions and t-BuOH were employed to scavenge ˙OH radicals and ˙H atoms. Kinetics and fitted first and second order reaction rates have been reported for reactions with methyl viologen, fluorescein, Ru(NH3)63+, Co(en)32+, Co(sepulcrate)3+, Ru(bpy)32+, Cr(bpy)33+, and Ni(Me6[14]4,11-dieneN4)2+. Previous work demonstrated that both Co2+ and Ni2+ can be reduced by CO2˙− radicals, giving a negative E0 limit of −1.9 V vs. SHE. A definite reaction of Ni+ with fluorescein di-anions provides a new upper limit of the Ni2+/+ couple as −0.906 V vs. SHE. The reaction of Co+ with Ru(bpy)32+ has been confirmed, giving E0 = −1.3 V vs. SHE as a rigorous upper limit of the Co2+/+ couple. In the case of Co2+/+, kinetics were complicated by a self-catalyzed metal clustering phenomenon. Initiation rate constants of this process have also been reported.
Detection of Tethered Satellite Systems

The detection and identification of tethered satellite systems is a problem of current interest. Most previous studies focused on the detection and identification of one tethered satellite system using the observations of one satellite in the system. Here, we consider the problem of determining which of two or more satellites that are observed to be in relatively close proximity are tethered. Two-satellite and three-satellite tethered systems are modeled using a multi-body formulation in which the constraints of constant tether lengths are included through the use of Lagrange multipliers. All satellites are considered to be point masses, except for the purpose of including aerodynamic drag, and the masses of the tethers are neglected compared to those of the satellites. The mathematical model is used to produce simulated motion of single and tethered satellites from which “observations” of range, azimuth, and elevation are obtained. A method for discriminating tethered and un-tethered satellites by considering estimates of Lagrange multipliers is described and applied. Two-satellite and three-satellite tethered systems are detected in a set of satellites using observations over a short time period.
Cooling intervention studies among outdoor occupational groups: A review of the literature.

Background The purpose of this systematic review is to examine cooling intervention research in outdoor occupations, evaluate the effectiveness of such interventions, and offer recommendations for future studies. This review focuses on outdoor occupational studies conducted at worksites or simulated occupational tasks in climatic chambers. Methods This systematic review was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to identify original research on intervention studies published in peer-reviewed journals that aimed at reducing heat stress or heat-related illness from January 2000 to August 2020. Results A systematic search yielded a total of 1042 articles, of which 21 met the inclusion criteria. Occupations with cooling intervention studies included agriculture (n = 5), construction (n = 5), industrial workers (n = 4), and firefighters (n = 7). The studies focused on multiple types of cooling interventions cooling gear (vest, bandanas, cooling shirts, or head-cooling gel pack), enhanced heat dissipation clothing, forearm or lower body immersion in cold water, water dousing, ingestion of a crushed ice slush drink, electrolyte liquid hydration, and modified Occupational Safety and Health Administration recommendations of drinking water and resting in the shade. Conclusion Current evidence indicates that using multiple cooling gears along with rest cycles may be the most effective method to reduce heat-related illness. Occupational heat-related illnesses and death may be mitigated by targeted cooling intervention and workplace controls among workers of vulnerable occupational groups and industries.
Quantum block lookahead adders and the wait for magic states

We improve the Toffoli count of low depth quantum adders, and analyze how their spacetime cost reacts to having a limited number of magic state factories. We present a block lookahead adder that parallelizes across blocks of bits of size $b$, instead of over all bits. The block lookahead adder achieves a Toffoli count of $3n + 5n/b$ for out of place addition (vs $4n$ in previous work by Thapliyal et al) and $5n + 8n/b$ for in place addition (vs $7n$ in previous work by Thapliyal et al). The tradeoff is that the reaction depth of these circuits depends linearly on $b$, and they use additional workspace. We estimate the spacetime volume of these adders, and adders from previous work, for various register sizes and factory counts under plausible assumptions for a large scale quantum computer based on the surface code and superconducting qubits.
Random Access Channel Coding in the Finite Blocklength Regime

Consider a random access communication scenario over a channel whose operation is defined for any number of possible transmitters. As in the model recently introduced by Polyanskiy for the Multiple Access Channel (MAC) with a fixed, known number of transmitters, the channel is assumed to be invariant to permutations on its inputs, and all active transmitters employ identical encoders. Unlike the Polyanskiy model, in the proposed scenario, neither the transmitters nor the receiver knows which transmitters are active. We refer to this agnostic communication setup as the Random Access Channel (RAC). Scheduled feedback of a finite number of bits is used to synchronize the transmitters. The decoder is tasked with determining from the channel output the number of active transmitters, $k$ , and their messages but not which transmitter sent which message. The decoding procedure occurs at a time ${n}_{t}$ depending on the decoder’s estimate, $t$ , of the number of active transmitters, $k$ , thereby achieving a rate that varies with the number of active transmitters. Single-bit feedback at each time ${n}_{i}, {i} \leq {t}$ , enables all transmitters to determine the end of one coding epoch and the start of the next. The central result of this work demonstrates the achievability on a RAC of performance that is first-order optimal for the MAC in operation during each coding epoch. While prior multiple access schemes for a fixed number of transmitters require $2^{k} - 1$ simultaneous threshold rules, the proposed scheme uses a single threshold rule and achieves the same dispersion.
Attention and Threat Detection: Warnings and How They Affect Takeover Performance:

Vehicle automation is becoming more advanced in helping drivers understand and react to the environment around them. Many newer vehicle models come standard with backup cameras, blind spot detectio...
The Role(s) of Language in Theory of Mind

The chapter reviews four opinions about the relationship between language and theory of mind, focusing mostly on preschool child development. The conduit view assumes language serves the role of expressing concepts formed without the involvement of language, and is compatible with findings that infants have some ability to represent other’s beliefs, and that in brain damage, the ability can be preserved without language. The cultural view holds that language is the means by which the culture conveys a particular theory of minds, and that children develop this understanding through discourse. Much empirical research backs up the idea that children surrounded by such talk develop theory of mind earlier. On the theory that language is a cognitive tool for engaging in complex reasoning, one might explain the slower development in children who have language delays, as well as the finding that adults can be disrupted in false belief reasoning if they do not have simultaneous access to their language faculty, as with dual task studies. Finally, the representational view is considered, in which both children and adults use particular aspects of the grammar of language to represent complex events and reason from them. These complement structures turn out to be among the best predictors of children’s false belief understanding in longitudinal studies, and training studies directed at complement syntax reveal improvement also in children’s false belief reasoning. In further research, innovative methods and controls will be needed to see if any one or more of these theories can provide a decisive account of all of the phenomena.
NumaPerf: predictive NUMA profiling

It is extremely challenging to achieve optimal performance of parallel applications on a NUMA architecture, which necessitates the assistance of profiling tools. However, existing NUMA-profiling tools share some similar shortcomings, such as portability, effectiveness, and helpfulness issues. This paper proposes a novel profiling tool–NumaPerf–that overcomes these issues. NumaPerf aims to identify potential performance issues for any NUMA architecture, instead of only on the current hardware. To achieve this, NumaPerf focuses on memory sharing patterns between threads, instead of real remote accesses. NumaPerf further detects potential thread migrations and load imbalance issues that could significantly affect the performance but are omitted by existing profilers. NumaPerf also identifies cache coherence issues separately that may require different fix strategies. Based on our extensive evaluation, NumaPerf can identify more performance issues than any existing tool, while fixing them leads to significant performance speedup.
Race-Based eGFR Assessment for Kidney Transplantation.

The search for a reliable strategy to easily measure kidney function has been likened to the search for the holy grail in nephrology because the interpretation of the measured blood creatinine requires an understanding of the nonlinear and reciprocal relationship between renal function and
Coalition-making under conditions of ideological mismatch: The populist solution:

This article problematizes how non-spatial factors facilitate the formation of extraordinary ideologically mismatched government coalitions. An intensive case study analysis of the SYRIZA–ANEL gove...
Translating Thoughts Into Action: Optimizing Motor Performance and Learning Through Brief Motivational and Attentional Influences:

Skilled motor performance is essential in sports, the performing arts, various occupations, and many daily activities. Scientists and practitioners alike are therefore interested in understanding t...
Contribution of Fungal Macromolecules to Soil Carbon Sequestration

Saprotrophic fungi are key moderators in the global carbon cycle because of their ability to degrade the three most abundant biopolymers: cellulose, lignin, and chitin. Fungi are a significant contributor to soil microbial biomass but little is known about the contributions of fungal biomass to diagenetically altered soil organic carbon. Here we show that a portion of fungal necromass is resistant to decay by a natural soil microbial community over a month-long degradation study. The results of FTIR analysis indicate that this resistant portion is likely composed mainly of fungal chitin.
Assessment of Unprotected Left-Turn Capacity Models Using Arena Simulation

Gap acceptance theory based on the stochastic process is commonly used to analyze unprotected left-turn capacity at two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersections or signalized intersections with a permitted left-turn phase. However, there are some factors in the current HCM models that are found to confound the stochastic process. This paper presents new models to improve capacity estimation for the unprotected left turn. According to the simulation results using the Arena models, it was found that for TWSC intersections, if there are a relatively higher number of heavy vehicles in the left-turn traffic, the HCM model may underestimate the left-turn capacity. For signalized intersections, the HCM model tends to under-estimate the unprotected left-turn capacity for the lower opposing-through traffic volume and over-estimate it for the higher volume. The heavy vehicles in the left-turn traffic can increase the under-estimation trend. Furthermore, the simulation results verified that the proposed new models are reliable.
RESISTIVE EXERCISES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE.

Abstract Three groups of college men participated for nine weeks in separate exercise programs to determine the relative effects of isotonic, isometric, and speed contractions on muscular strength and muscular endurance. Data examined by the multiple linear regression technique for variance analysis revealed little difference among programs for the group as a whole. Considerable differences, however, were apparent when the subjects' initial status on the attribute in question was considered.
EPIMERIZATION OF THYMIDINE DIPHOSPHATE GLUCOSE IN BACTERIAL EXTRACTS

Abstract Tinelli, Regina (Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo.), A. M. Michelson, and Jack L. Strominger. Epimerization of thymidine diphosphate glucose in bacterial extracts. J. Bacteriol. 86:246–251. 1963.—Extracts of Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis type IV and several other bacteria catalyzed the reversible interconversion of thymidine diphosphate (TDP)-d-glucose and TDP-d-galactose. Moreover, extracts of P. pseudotuberculosis catalyzed the synthesis of TDP-d-glucose from thymidine triphosphate and α-d-glucose-1-phosphate. The limitations of these observations and their possible significance are discussed.