cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impacts of control strategies, the Great Recession and weekday variations on NO 2 columns above North American cities

Abstract The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has been estimating NO2 columns from space for over 10 years, and these have been used to estimate emissions and emission trends for point and area sources all over the world. In this study we evaluate the trends in NO2 columns over 54 cities in the USA and Canada to identify the long term trends due to air quality policies, the impact of the Great Recession, and the weekday-weekend effect. A multiple linear regression model is used to fit annual, seasonal and weekly factors for individual swath retrievals along with the impact of temperature, wind speed and pixel size. For most cities, the correlation coefficients of the model fit ranges from 0.47 to 0.76. There have been strong reductions in NO2 columns, with annual decreases of up to 7% per year in most cities. During the years of the Great Recession, NO2 columns were as much as 30% lower than they would have been had they followed the linear annual trend. The analysis yielded insights into the timing of the reductions, with some cities in the northwest and in the east experiencing reductions in 2008 already, and most areas back to where they would have been based on the uniform trend by 2011. The analysis also finds that reductions in columns during the weekend vary significantly from city to city, with a range in reductions of 10%–30% on Saturdays, and 20%–50% on Sundays.
Immunohistochemical characterization of immune cell composition and cytokine receptor expression in human coronary atherectomy tissue.

BACKGROUND: Prior histologic studies have examined smooth muscle cell, macrophage and thrombus constituents of atherosclerotic coronary atherectomy specimens. Lymphocytes and mononuclear leukocytes are also detectable in atherosclerotic surgical pathology specimens utilizing immunocytochemical techniques. METHODS: In order to quantify the histological contribution of cytokine receptor-expressing immunocompetent cells to human coronary artery stenoses, 30 directional atherectomy catheter biopsy specimens (wet weight < or = 10 mg) from 16 patients were snap frozen (-70 degrees C) for quantitative immunocytochemical studies. Following computer-assisted quantification of total intimal nuclei per tissue section (mean 297 +/- 177; cell density 7 +/- 5/10(4) microns 2), monoclonal antibody cytochemistry was used to identify the percentage of these cells expressing antigenic clusters of differentiation (CD) characteristic of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and monocytes. Identification of alpha (low affinity) and beta (intermediate affinity) interleukin-2 receptors on intimal cells was accomplished using a three-step streptavidin-biotin method. RESULTS: A significant percentage of intimal cells were of lymphocytic (11 +/- 13%) or monocytic (12 +/- 14%) origin, with helper T-cells (9 +/- 12%) outnumbering both suppressor T-cells (2 +/- 4%) and B-lymphocytes (1 +/- 2%). Interleukin-2 receptors were noted on 9 +/- 12% of intimal cells, including cells with a vascular smooth muscle phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: These quantitative immunocytochemical data conclusively demonstrate that lymphocytes and monocytes account for over 20% of coronary plaque cells obtained by in-vivo atherectomy, and that helper (CD4) T-cells predominate over suppressor (CD8) T-cells and B-lymphocytes. Variable interleukin-2 receptor subtype expression occurs in mononuclear leukocytes infiltrating chronic human atheroma. By applying these techniques, the therapeutic effects of cytotoxic agents on selectively targeted cytokine receptor-expressing cells may now be evaluated in vivo in small human directional coronary atherectomy specimens.
Investigation on levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in retail fish and egg products in Shenzhen

Objective To reveal the levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish and egg products at retail in Shenzhen,and to evaluate the local people's exposure to PBDEs from these food.Methods 27 fish and egg samples were collected from supermarket and farmer's market in Shenzhen during August and October in 2008.According to the guideline of USEPA1614 method,the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was used for the extraction of PBDEs from fish and egg samples.After a series of purification processes including treatments of FMS column chromatography,acidic silica gel,silica gel and Al2O3 column,the levels of eight PBDEs congeners in the samples were determined by isotope dilution high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS) method.Results When BDE-209 was not taken into account,the median concentrations of ∑PBDEs in fish products was 914.7 pg/g wet weight,among which the datas for fresh water fish and sea fish were 328.2 and 1108.8 pg/g wet weight,respectively,showing a statistical significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).BDE-47 was the predominant congener in fresh water fish and sea fish by a contribution proportion of 61％ and 57％,respectively.The median concentrations of ∑ PBDEs in egg products were 99.8 pg/g wet weight and the predominant congeners are BDE-47 and BDE-99,with a contribution proportion above 70％.BDE-209 was not detected in fresh water fish and the median concentration in sea fish and egg products are 243.7 and 472.6 pg/g wet weight,respectively,which caused the predominant congener changed to BDE-209 in egg products when BDE-209 was take into account.The median dietary intake of PBDEs from fish and egg products among local residents in Shenzhen was estimated as 102 ng/d.Conclusion The level of ∑PBDEs in fish and egg products in Shenzhen is relatively high.The characteristics of PBDEs pollution are quite different between fish and egg products.The level of daily dietary intake of PBDEs from fish and egg products among local residents in Shenzhen is also relatively high. Key words: Food contamination ; Fishes; Eggs; Polybrominated biphenyl ethers
Sovereignty disavowed: the Tupac Amaru revolution in the Atlantic world

ABSTRACTWhile the Andean insurrection of the early 1780s, most often associated with the Inka leader Tupac Amaru II, was the most powerful challenge to Spanish rule in colonial Latin America, it is generally ignored in the Atlantic historiography of the Age of Revolution. This article reviews the reasons for this neglect and traces the problem back to the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It demonstrates for the first time that knowledge of the revolution in the Andes circulated widely throughout the Atlantic world in the early 1780s. It also provides evidence of a deep panic on the part of Spanish authorities, who feared that the anti-colonial revolution unfolding in British North America could find a counterpart in Spanish South America, especially with instigation by their British imperial rivals. It reveals Spanish attempts to prevent circulation of the news of the insurrection and the beginnings of a tradition that would reduce the meaning of the Andean revolution to an expression of ra...
Aminoglycoside-Induced Nephrotoxicity

Abstract Aminoglycosides remain critical antibiotics in the armamentarium for serious Gram-negative bacterial infections despite their well-known risk for nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Aminoglycosides manifest their bactericidal activity by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit which interferes with the initiation of protein synthesis. They are most commonly administered intravenously with peak serum concentrations occurring in 30 min. Aminoglycosides are excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration with an elimination half-life of 2–3 h in patients with normal renal function. The incidence of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is 5%–10%. Patient risk factors for aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity include advanced age, male gender, ascites, hypoalbuminemia, and leukemia. Medications such as clindamycin, vancomycin, piperacillin, cephalosporins, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors also increase the risk of nephrotoxicity when administered with aminoglycosides. Morphological changes seen in animals during aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity consist of epithelial cell damage confined to the S1 and S2 segments of the proximal tubule. The biochemical alterations that occur with aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity include decrements in the transport of organic base, ions, glucose, and low-molecular-weight proteins. The initial renal cortical binding sites for aminoglycosides are the acidic, anionic phospholipids found in the plasma membranes of the apical and basolateral surfaces of the proximal tubule cells. Once binding has occurred, aminoglycosides are transported across the apical or basolateral plasma membrane by receptor-mediated endocytosis via megalin. After endocytosis, the endosomes containing the aminoglycosides fuse with lysosomes. Once-daily aminoglycoside dosing in which a large loading dose of an aminoglycoside is given every 24–48 h has been shown to maintain clinical efficacy and reduce the incidence of nephrotoxicity. Various interventions to prevent aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity have been proposed such as polyaspartic acid, superoxide dismutase, N -acetylcysteine, and melatonin. A congener of gentamicin has also been isolated that retains clinical efficacy, but does not cause nephrotoxicity. Until these interventions become adopted in clinical practice, however, clinicians must utilize established strategies to reduce the incidence of aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity. These include selection of the least nephrotoxic aminoglycoside, correcting hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, minimizing concomitant nephrotoxic medications, limiting the duration of therapy to 7–10 days, adjusting the dose of aminoglycoside for the level of renal function, and utilizing once-daily dosing of aminoglycoside when clinically appropriate.
Activity Detection of GalNAc Transferases by Protein-Based Fluorescence Sensors In Vivo

Mucin-type O-glycosylation occurring in the Golgi apparatus is an important protein posttranslational modification initiated by up to 20 GalNAc-transferase isozymes with largely distinct substrate specificities. Regulation of this enzyme family affects a vast array of proteins transiting the secretory pathway and misregulation causes human diseases. Here we describe the use of protein-based fluorescence sensors that traffic in the secretory pathway to monitor GalNAc-transferase activity in living cells. The sensors can either be "pan" or isozyme specific.
Concerns about Breast Cancer, Pain, and Fatigue in Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Primary Treatment

Women diagnosed with breast cancer often endorse psychosocial concerns prior to treatment, which may influence symptom experiences. Among these, low perceived social support relates to elevated fatigue. Those with low social support perceptions may also experience a greater sense of rejection. We sought to determine if social rejection concerns post-surgery predict fatigue interference 12 months later in women with non-metastatic breast cancer. Depressive symptoms and pain severity after completion of adjuvant therapy (six months post-surgery) were examined as potential mediators. Women (N = 240) with non-metastatic breast cancer were recruited 2–10 weeks post-surgery. Multiple regression analyses examined relationships among variables adjusting for relevant covariates. Greater rejection concerns at study entry predicted greater fatigue interference 12 months later (p < 0.01). Pain severity after adjuvant therapy partially mediated the relationship between social rejection concerns and fatigue interference, with significant indirect (β = 0.06, 95% CI (0.009, 0.176)) and direct effects (β = 0.18, SE = 0.07, t(146) = 2.78, p < 0.01, 95% CI (0.053, 0.311)). Therefore, pain levels post-treatment may affect how concerns of social rejection relate to subsequent fatigue interference. Interventions targeting fears of social rejection and interpersonal skills early in treatment may reduce physical symptom burden during treatment and into survivorship.
Phytochemical diversity and synergistic effects on herbivores

Synergistic effects of multiple plant secondary metabolites on upper trophic levels constitute an underexplored but potentially widespread component of coevolution and ecological interactions. Examples of plant secondary metabolites acting synergistically as insect deterrents are not common, and many studies focus on the pharmaceutical applications of natural products, where activity is serendipitous and not an evolved response. This review summarizes some systems that are ideal for testing synergistic plant defenses and utilizes a focused meta-analysis to examine studies that have tested effects of multiple compounds on insects. Due to a dearth of ecological synergy studies, one of the few patterns for synergy that we are able to report from the meta-analysis is that phytochemical mixtures have a larger overall effect on generalist herbivores than specialist herbivores. We recommend a focus on synergy in chemical ecology programs and suggest future hypothesis tests and methods. These approaches are not focused on techniques in molecular biology to examine mechanisms at the cellular level, rather we recommend uncovering the existence of synergy first, by combining the best methods in organic synthesis, isolation, chemical ecology, bioassays, and quantitative analyses. Data generated by our recommended methods should provide rigorous tests of important hypotheses on how intraclass and interclass compounds act synergistically to deter insects, disrupt the immune response, and ultimately contribute to diversification. Further synergy research should also contribute to determining if antiherbivore synergy is widespread among plant secondary metabolites, which would be consistent with the hypothesis that synergistic defenses are a key attribute of the evolved diverse chemical mixtures found in plants.
Classical Density Functional Theory for Molecular Systems

Classical density functional theory (DFT) is able to predict the structural and thermodynamic properties of complex molecular systems with accuracy comparable to that inherited from semi-empirical force fields but at a computational cost up to several orders of magnitude lower than molecular simulations. In combination with first-principles methods, in particular with the Kohn-Sham DFT calculations for electronic properties, classical DFT opens up exciting opportunities for the development and validation of customized molecular models for chemicals design and discovery including high-throughput screening of nanostructured materials, solvents and electrolytes. This chapter provides a tutorial introduction of the basic concepts of the classical DFT in the context of multiscale modeling that aims to predict the rich behavior of molecular systems under diverse thermodynamic environments. A special emphasis is placed on various quantitative structure-property relationships for inhomogeneous molecular systems based on semi-empirical molecular models or force fields, microscopic structure, and inter- as well as intra-molecular correlation functions. Several mathematical procedures are outlined for the derivation of density functionals that are able to accurately account for thermodynamic non-ideality with atomistic details.
An adolescent with large cell calcifying sertoli cell tumor of the testis and undiagnosed Carney Complex: A case report

Carney Complex (CNC) is a rare autosomal dominant condition with characteristic clinical presentation, tumor development, and unique genetic mutation. We present a unique case and literature review of CNC in which two neoplasms characteristic of this complex were initially diagnosed through cytological fine needle aspirate specimens, leading to the identification of CNC, with subsequent surgical and cytogenetic confirmation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:634-639. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen Metabolism in Mosquitoes: New Insights into the Nitrogen Metabolism in Blood-Fed Mosquitoes

Abstract Female mosquitoes metabolize nitrogen compounds by exploiting metabolic pathways that were unpredicted based on our current knowledge of mammalian nitrogen metabolism. Within the last decade, researchers have begun to study mosquito metabolism with isotopically labelled compounds, mass spectrometry and RNA interference. The application of classical and cutting-edge techniques to discover cross-talk signalling mechanisms between metabolic pathways has added layers of complexity, as well as fascinating insight, into our understanding of nitrogen metabolism. This chapter provides an overview of the most recent findings reported in mosquitoes with the emphasis on Aedes aegypti females. The implementation of integrated approaches to elucidate the multiplicity of factors that govern nitrogen metabolism, which could be useful for uncovering potential metabolic targets for mosquito control, is also discussed in this chapter.
Cross-Cultural Reliability and Validity of a Scale to Measure International Entrepreneurial Capability in Emerging Markets

The purpose of this article is to validate a measurement scale of international entrepreneurial capability (IEC) across cultures. Firm-level survey data from exporting firms was collected from Chin...
Material Conditions of Everyday Life

If it will persist, a society has to reproduce at a high enough level to maintain its population. Extinction is the evolutionary alternative if an adequate basis for biological reproduction is not provided. Although cultural perceptions affect the level of subsistence considered “basic,” there are objective, biological limits below which reproduction becomes impossible and even death occurs. An excess of food may also cause problems, although obesity-related diseases were rarer in preindustrial societies than today.
Role of 12-Lipoxygenase and Protein Kinase C in Modulating the Activation State of the Integrin αIIbβ3 on Human Tumor Cells

Tumor cell metastasis is a complex multistep process involving homotypic and heterotypic interactions among tumor cells and host cells (i. e. platelets, endothelial cells, etc.) in addition to tumor cell interactions with the extracellular matrix. These interactions are mediated by a variety of cell surface receptors including cadherins, CAMs, selectins, and integrins.1 To date a number of integrin receptors have been shown to be critically involved in tumor cell development and metastasis. Most of the integrin receptors recognize one or two matrix proteins (α5β1-fibronectin, α6β1-laminin and collagen).1,2 However, two members of the β3 integrin family, αIIbβ3 and αvβ3, recognize a large number of ECM proteins such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, thrombospondin, and von Willebrand factor.2 Cells expressing these receptors have an advantage to adhere to a variety of basement membrane proteins and thereby generate different matrix driven cellular responses.
Natural language interaction with dynamic knowledge bases: monitoring as response

In this communication, we discuss an interesting aspect of natural language interaction with dynamically changing knowledge bases - the ability to monitor for relevant future changes in that knowledge. We also indicate the status of our current work in this area and the overall goals of our research on question-answering and monitoring dynamic knowledge bases.
Spatial distribution of organic functional groups supported on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (2): a study by 1H triple-quantum fast-MAS solid-state NMR

The distribution of organic functional groups attached to the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) via co-condensation was scrutinized using 1D and 2D 1H solid-state NMR, including the triple-quantum/single-quantum (TQ/SQ) homonuclear correlation technique. The excellent sensitivity of 1H NMR and high resolution provided by fast magic angle spinning (MAS) allowed us to study surfaces with very low concentrations of aminopropyl functional groups. The sequential process, in which the injection of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) into the aqueous mother liquor was followed by dropwise addition of the organosilane precursor, resulted in deployment of organic groups on the surface, which were highly clustered even in a sample with a very low loading of ∼0.1 mmol g-1. The underlying mechanism responsible for clustering could involve fast aggregation of the aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) precursor within the liquid phase, and/or co-condensation of the silica-bound molecules. Understanding the deposition process and the resulting topology of surface functionalities with atomic-scale resolution, can help to develop novel approaches to the synthesis of complex inorganic-organic hybrid materials.
A Challenge Set and Methods for Noun-Verb Ambiguity

English part-of-speech taggers regularly make egregious errors related to noun-verb ambiguity, despite having achieved 97%+ accuracy on the WSJ Penn Treebank since 2002. These mistakes have been difficult to quantify and make taggers less useful to downstream tasks such as translation and text-to-speech synthesis. This paper creates a new dataset of over 30,000 naturally-occurring non-trivial examples of noun-verb ambiguity. Taggers within 1% of each other when measured on the WSJ have accuracies ranging from 57% to 75% accuracy on this challenge set. Enhancing the strongest existing tagger with contextual word embeddings and targeted training data improves its accuracy to 89%, a 14% absolute (52% relative) improvement. Downstream, using just this enhanced tagger yields a 28% reduction in error over the prior best learned model for homograph disambiguation for textto-speech synthesis.
Correction to: Aging and apolipoprotein E in HIV infection

The row describing the clinical study of Mukerji et al. (2016) was inadvertently deleted during the compilation of Table 3. As a result, the citation for Mukerji et al. (2016) was not included in the "References" section of the manuscript.
WHEN YOUR HEART'S A MESS, THINK OF DRESS!

DRESS syndrome is a condition often triggered by agents such as anticonvulsants or sulfonamides. It usually presents with nonspecific symptoms like fever, cervical lymphadenopathy and rash. Eosinophilia is the hallmark laboratory anomaly seen in >50% of cases. Mortality in DRESS is estimated as high
The Significance of Microbial Symbionts in Ecosystem Processes

It is increasingly accepted that the microbial symbionts of eukaryotes can have profound effects on host ecology and evolution. However, the relative contribution that they make directly to ecosystem processes, like energy and nutrient flows, is less explicitly acknowledged and, in many cases, only poorly constrained. Here, I explore the idea that, in some habitats, host-associated microbes may have an outsized role in ecosystem processes relative to functionally equivalent free-living microbes due to key aspects of the physiology, ecology, and evolution of symbiotic interactions. My research quantifying symbiont metabolism has shown that microbial symbionts have the potential to make a substantial impact on carbon and sulfur cycling. It is my perspective that direct measurement of symbiont activity and comparison to free-living counterparts will expand our understanding of the significance of microbial symbioses and, more broadly, the role of microbial processes in ecosystems.
Outraged but Sympathetic: Ambivalent Emotions Limit the Influence of Viral Outrage:

Viral outrage—the piling up of online condemnation in response to offensive remarks—is a common expression of moral judgment in the digital age. We examined whether viral outrage is effective in co...
Comparison of High Versus Low Eccentric-Based Resistance Training Frequencies on Short-Term Muscle Function Adaptations.

Crane, JS, Thompson, BJ, Harrell, DC, Bressel, E, and Heath, EM. Comparison of high versus low eccentric-based resistance training frequencies on short-term muscle function adaptations. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-Eccentric resistance training is beneficial for improving a number of performance and health metrics. However, the recommendations on eccentric training frequency have not been established. This study investigates the effects of volume-matched resistance training frequency comparing 1 vs. 3 training days per week of isokinetic multiple-joint eccentric training on strength and lower-body function adaptations during a 4-week training period. Thirty subjects were assigned to either 3 days per week (high-frequency [HF]) or 1 day per week (low-frequency [LF]) training conditions for 4 weeks. An eccentric dynamometer was used for the training and testing. Eccentric strength and vertical jump (VJ) measures were taken at Pre, Mid (2 weeks), and Post (4 weeks) intervention. Soreness (visual analog scale [VAS]) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were taken throughout the training period. There was no group × trial interaction for eccentric strength (p = 0.06) or VJ (p = 0.87). For eccentric strength, all trials were significantly different (p < 0.001) from each other. For VJ, there was a main effect for trial such that VJ increased from Pre to Post (p < 0.001) and Mid to Post (p < 0.01). High frequency reported lower RPE (p < 0.01) and soreness (p = 0.04) compared with LF. Both HF and LF protocols elicited large (36.8 and 27.4% strength increases, respectively) and rapid neuromuscular adaptations for improved strength. Eccentric-based workload may be dispersed across a given period to allow for reduced soreness and perceived exertion levels without compromising neuromuscular adaptations. Some eccentric training transfer to functional (VJ) task may also be observed, independent of training frequency.
Uncovering Death: A Dialogic, Aesthetic Engagement with the Covers of Death-Themed Picture Books.

Picture books are important mediums for transformation and learning. They offer both the tools and the truths for readers to critically engage with important issues, such as the reality of death and dying. The primary purpose of this study is to inspire engaged and deliberate conversations about mortality, dying, and grief in the context of picture books. I also present a new methodology of analyzing the cover arts of death-themed picture books. This method is influenced by M. M. Bakhtin’s (The dialogic imagination: four essays. The University of Texas Press, Austin, 2006) dialogism and Lois Rosenblatt’s (The reader, the text, the poem: the transactional theory of the literary work. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, 1978) work on transactional theory and aesthetic reading. In order to gain a deeper understanding of how death is portrayed/represented through visual or linguistic expressions, my inquiry centers on the following questions: In what ways do artists/illustrators use text and images to depict death on the covers/jacket design of picture books related to death and dying? Through a dialogic, aesthetic engagement with death-themed book covers, what meaning can arise related to death as a phenomenon and a social construct? Also, how this meaning can lead to individual transformation and new ways picture books are used in personal and educational settings?
Automated artifact rejection algorithms harm P3 Speller brain-computer interface performance

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have been used to restore communication and control to people with severe paralysis. However, noninvasive BCIs based on electroencephalogram (EEG) are particularly ...
A Novel Case of Hypoparathyroidism Secondary to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Hypoparathyroidism is usually caused by postsurgical or autoimmune damage to the parathyroid gland. We present the case of a 46-year-old Hispanic male with no significant past medical history who was admitted to the hospital with hypoxic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and had a prolonged hospital course. He was incidentally found to have hyperphosphatemia and low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. During the second month of hospitalization, his phosphorus levels rose to 6.9 mg/dL (normal range: 2.4-4.7 mg/dl). His PTH levels were found to be at 8 pg/mL. Vitamin D levels obtained were also low (7 ng/dL), phosphorus was at 5.8 mg/dL with albumin of 2.9 g/dL, and calcium level was normal at 9.2 mg/dl. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) level was low at 10. Malignancy and genetic causes were ruled out. The patient was started on 50,000 units of ergocalciferol once a week. He was also started on calcium acetate 1,334 mg three times a day for hyperphosphatemia. Phosphorus levels remained elevated, and sevelamer was added on discharge after he was weaned off oxygen and cleared by physical therapy. No explanation for persistent hyperphosphatemia and hypoparathyroidism was found. To date, there have been some reports linking severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to widespread tissue injury; however, there have been no reports so far on the effect of the parathyroid gland. Further studies are necessary to elaborate and to confirm the causative relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and hyperphosphatemia.
Proattitudinal versus counterattitudinal messages: Message discrepancy, reactance, and the boomerang effect

A boomerang effect involves the movement of a message recipient's belief, attitude, or behavior in a direction contrary to the advocated position in the message. There has been limited scholarly at...
Human-Robot Interaction for Assisted Object Grasping by a Wearable Robotic Object Manipulation Aid for the Blind

This paper presents a new hand-worn device, called wearable robotic object manipulation aid (W-ROMA), that can help a visually impaired individual locate a target object and guide the hand to take a hold of it. W-ROMA may assist the individual for navigational (e.g., grasping a chair and moving it to make path) or non-navigational purpose (e.g, grasping a mug). The device consists of a sensing unit and a guiding unit. The sensing unit uses a Structure Core sensor, comprising of an RGB-D camera and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), to detect the target object and estimate the device pose. Based on the object and pose information, the guiding unit computes the Desired Hand Movement (DHM) and convey it to the user by an electro-tactile display to guide the hand to approach the object. A speech interface is developed and used as an additional way to convey the DHM and used for human-robot interaction. A new method, called Depth Enhanced Visual-Inertial Odometry (DVIO), is proposed for 6-DOF device pose estimation. It tightly couples the camera’s depth and visual data with the IMU data in a graph optimization process to produce more accurate pose estimation than the existing state-of-the-art approach. The estimated poses are used to “stitched” the imaging and point cloud data captured at different points to form a larger view of the scene for object detection. They can also be used to position the individual for wayfinding. Experimental results demonstrate that the DVIO method outperforms the state-of-the-art VIO approach in 6-DOF pose estimation.
EVALUATING PERSISTENCE AND DROPOUT RELATIVE TO CRISIS OF ATTRITION AND SOCIAL ISOLATION IN AN UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM

This research examines the crises of attrition in the students’ population and study programs using descriptive statistics interpretation for solving social isolation for traditional face-to-face classroom education. The study used a descriptive research design with ‘variable values’ to examine two-degree programs. The study used several testing methods to evaluate the statistical analysis of the social and academic characteristics of freshmen students in both the Informatics and Computer Science programs at the University of South Carolina Upstate from Fall 2018 to Fall 2019. The criterion variable was the student outcome (persistence or dropout), while the general structure matrix pattern was examined to validate the convergent factors. The methodology included a variance of the eigenfunction and values for interpreting the factor structure of the variable values. The findings suggest several mitigating factors which include improved persistence of “enrollment number, program delivery mode, GPA at time of completion and dropout, student orientation, and courses completed at the time of student dropout would help improve academic success for students.
Review of Digitize and Punish: Racial Criminalization in the Digital Age by Brian Jefferson (University of Minnesota Press)

In Digitize and Punish, Brian Jefferson argues that the US policing and incarceration infrastructure is increasingly marked by new forms of racialized digital criminalization. Examining the incorporation of digital technologies into the criminal justice apparatus, Jefferson shows the central role that digital technology and data science has had in reinforcing racial surveillance practices since the War on Drugs and Crime began more than four decades ago. Jefferson’s timely new book traces the merging of carcerality and technology in Chicago and New York City, unveiling forms of digital racial management that have remained largely obscured from the public.
Associations Between Psychosocial Functioning and Physical Health in Youth with Maltreatment Experiences.

Abstract Childhood maltreatment often results in long-term untoward outcomes, although some individuals demonstrate better psychosocial functioning than others. Maltreatment is linked with poor physical health outcomes but little is known about how psychosocial functioning is related to physical health. The aims of this study were to: (1) Identify heterogeneity of psychosocial functioning using a latent profile analysis. Positive functioning was measured by both fewer problematic symptoms (depressive, PTSD, anxiety, externalizing behavior, and substance abuse disorder) and the presence of the protective factor of social support; and (2) Explore the relationship between emergent classes of psychosocial functioning and physical health (self-reported illnesses, symptoms, and health status as well as measured overweight/obesity). Participants included a sample of youth with child welfare-documented maltreatment (n = 219; mean age 18.3 years; range 15–23 years) at Time 4 (T4) of a longitudinal study. Mean differences or odds ratios were assessed across the health variables between classes. The three resulting classes were labeled: 1) higher support/lower symptoms (60.7%); 2) lower support/higher internalizing symptoms (29.2%); and 3) lower support/higher externalizing/substance abuse symptoms (10%). Youth in the lower/support/higher externalizing/substance abuse symptoms class had a similar high level of internalizing symptoms as the lower support/higher internalizing symptoms class. Youth in the lower support/high externalizing/substance abuse symptoms class had more colds and pain symptoms in the past month and gastrointestinal illnesses in the past year than the higher support/lower symptoms class, and more illnesses, respiratory problems, and gastrointestinal illnesses the last year than the lower support/higher internalizing symptoms class. Overall, functioning class was related to certain health problems which often have a stress component and were more prevalent for youth with more externalizing and substance abuse symptoms.
Enhanced photocurrent response speed in charge-density-wave phase of TiSe2-metal junctions

Group IVB transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted significant attention due to their predicted high charge carrier mobility, large sheet current density, and enhanced thermoelectric power. Here, we investigate the electrical and optoelectronic properties of few-layer titanium diselenide (TiSe2)-metal junctions through spatial-, wavelength-, temperature-, power- and temporal-dependent scanning photocurrent measurements. Strong photocurrent responses have been detected at TiSe2-metal junctions, which is likely attributed to both photovoltaic and photothermoelectric effects. A fast response time of 31 μs has been achieved, which is two orders of magnitude better than HfSe2 based devices. More importantly, our experimental results reveal a significant enhancement in the response speed upon cooling to the charge-density-wave (CDW) phase transition temperature (TCDW = 206 K), which may result from dramatic reduction in carrier scattering that occurs as a result of the switching between the normal and CDW phases of TiSe2. Additionally, the photoresponsivity at 145 K is up to an order of magnitude higher than that obtained at room temperature. These fundamental studies not only offer insight for the photocurrent generation mechanisms of group IVB TMDC materials, but also provide a route to engineering future temperature-dependent, two-dimensional, fast electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Resource Brokering: Efforts to Assist Patients With Housing, Transportation, and Economic Needs in Primary Care Settings.

PURPOSE Clinicians and policy makers are exploring the role of primary care in improving patients’ social conditions, yet little research examines strategies used in clinical settings to assist patients with social needs. METHODS Study used semistructured interviews with leaders and frontline staff at 29 diverse health care organizations with active programs used to address patients’ social needs. Interviews focused on how organizations develop and implement case management–style programs to assist patients with social needs including staffing, assistance intensity, and use of referrals to community-based organizations (CBOs). RESULTS Organizations used case management programs to assist patients with social needs through referrals to CBOs and regular follow-up with patients. About one-half incorporated care for social needs into established case management programs and the remaining described standalone programs developed specifically to address social needs independent of clinical needs. Referrals were the foundation for assistance and included preprinted resource lists, patient-tailored lists, and warm handoffs to the CBOs. While all organizations referred patients to CBOs, some also provided more intense services such as assistance completing patients’ applications for services or conducting home visits. Organizations described 4 operational challenges in addressing patients’ social needs: (1) effectively engaging CBOs; (2) obtaining buy-in from clinical staff; (3) considering patients’ perspectives; and (4) ensuring program sustainability. CONCLUSION As the US health care sector faces pressure to improve quality while managing costs, many health care organizations will likely develop or rely on case management approaches to address patients’ social conditions. Health care organizations may require support to address the key operational challenges. Visual abstract
BitValue Inference: Detecting and Exploiting Narrow Bitwidth Computations

We present a compiler algorithm called BitValue, which can discover both unused and constant bits in dusty-deck C programs. Bit-Value uses forward and backward dataflow analyses, generalizing constant-folding and dead-code detection at the bit-level. This algorithm enables compiler optimizations which target special processor architectures for computing on non-standard bitwidths. Using this algorithm we show that up to 31% oft he computed bytes are thrown away (for programs from SpecINT95 and Mediabench). A compiler for reconfigurable hardware uses this algorithm to achieve substantial reductions (up to 20-fold) in the size of the synthesized circuits.
The International Debt Problem

Several points should be made when considering the current international debt problem. First, I discuss the role of oil shocks, the most common explanation of the problem, and argue that the oil shocks do not explain why some countries are unable to make the interest and principal payments on their international debt. Second, I look at a more credible explanation of the problem, the policies chosen by particular debtor countries, and discuss some consequences of those policies. Next, I consider the proper method of evaluating a debtor’s financial position. Finally, I briefly discuss some alternative solutions.
3 He- and 4 He-induced L-subshell ionization of gold: Coulomb deflection effects

$L$-subshell ionization cross sections have been measured for equal-velocity $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ projectiles on a gold target. The data are compared with the modified plane-wave Born approximation (PWBA) theory of Brandt and Lapicki. While the data are in excellent qualitative agreement with the theory, they exceed the theoretical predictions at low velocities by a factor of 1.4. Relativistic corrections do not improve the discrepancy.
The child's path to spoken language

A Biolinguistic Approach to Language Development Faces and Voices: The Perceptual Path to Spoken Communication The Social Capacity for Spoken Language Vocal Communication and Vocal Learning The Infant Becomes Articulate The Neural Specialization for Linguistic Communication Development of the Neural Capacity for Linguistic Communication The Urge to Convey and the Capacity for Reference Development of Spoken Language Other Paths: The Neurobiology of Linguistic Variation Reflections on the Path to Language References Credits Index
Privacy-preserving collaborative filtering on vertically partitioned data

Collaborative filtering (CF) systems are widely used by E-commerce sites to provide predictions using existing databases comprised of ratings recorded from groups of people evaluating various items, sometimes, however, such systems’ ratings are split among different parties. To provide better filtering services, such parties may wish to share their data. However, due to privacy concerns, data owners do not want to disclose data. This paper presents a privacy-preserving protocol for CF grounded on vertically partitioned data. We conducted various experiments to evaluate the overall performance of our scheme.
A Note on Saving-Investment Correlations in the EMS

This paper extends recent work by Feldstein and Horioka (1980) and Bayoumi (1990), and examines saving-investment correlations for industrial countries in the post-war period. The focus of the enquiry is on differences observed between EMS and non-EMS countries. It is seen that the EMS countries exhibit much lower saving-investment correlations than their non-EMS counterparts. This result supports the hypothesis that exchange rate stability achieved in the EMS has been an important factor in promoting international capital mobility.
Mouse skin tumor-initiating activity of benz[j]aceanthrylene in SENCAR mice☆

Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), a cyclopenta-fused derivative of benz[a]anthracene, has been reported to be an active bacterial cell and mammalian cell gene mutagen, a morphological transforming agent in C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo fibroblasts and a mouse lung tumorigen in strain A/J mice. B[j]A was evaluated as a skin tumor initiator in female SENCAR mice and was found to induce papilloma formation in the range of 40-400 micrograms/mouse. B[j]A was found to be extremely active, inducing 8.7 papillomas/mouse after an initiating dose of 40 micrograms/mouse. At this dose, 100% of the mice bore tumors. Comparison with four other cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons suggests that B[j]A is extremely potent.
On a Theorem of J. Ossowski

Consider any matrix of zeros and ones with at mostnones in each row and fewer than (k+1)nones in all. Ossowski showed that, by deleting no more thankcolumns, one can get a matrix which contains nor×(n?r+1) submatrix of ones forr=1, 2, ?, n. We give a short proof of Ossowski's theorem in the slightly stronger form: any minimal set of columns, whose deletion has the desired effect, has cardinality at mostk.
Cooperation and Continuity in Strategic Business Relationships

ABSTRACT Kay (1995) maintains that one of the most important objectives of a commercial relationship is cooperation. As long-term partnerships and strategic alliances between firms become increasingly important, more detailed knowledge regarding achieving interorganizational cooperation is needed. We ask two questions in this research; first, what are conceptual dimensions of cooperation and second, how does cooperation affect other behaviors in long-term business relationships? We suggest, based on extant literature, that global cooperation is comprised of four dimensions (information sharing, organizational flexibility, joint working, and harmony between firms). We propose that global cooperation affects relationship continuity indirectly through the accumulation of strategic benefits and trust. This model is field-tested with data from a national sample (n = 163) of industrial suppliers. The main results: (1) three of the four dimensions are predictive of global cooperation, and (2) global cooperation ...
Conjunctival and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during resuscitation.

Conjunctival (P cj O 2 ) and transcutaneous (P tc O 2 ) oxygen tensions were serially measured during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Changes in cardiac function and arterial oxygen content were reflected accurately by alterations in P cj O 2 and P tc O 2 . P cj O 2 showed more rapid responses to changes in physiologic state than did P tc O 2 . Conjunctival and transcutaneous oxygen sensors gave continuous information with respect to oxygen delivery during CPR, and provided real-time assessment of the effectiveness of CPR in terms of peripheral perfusion and tissue oxygenation.
Black fly larvae facilitate community recovery in a mountain stream

SUMMARY 1. Early colonising ecosystem engineers modify habitats and alter the abundance of basal resources following disturbances. These changes can have profound effects on ecosystem recovery via facilitative or inhibitory effects on subsequent colonists. 2. We quantified how black fly larvae, which can be pioneer species during secondary succession in streams, influence initial community recovery following a simulated drying disturbance. 3. Black fly larvae anchor themselves to the stream substratum with silk, and diatoms adhere to the silk of black flies. Therefore, we hypothesised that black flies speed community recovery following disturbances by increasing the accrual rate of basal resources with their silk. 4. We compared algal and detrital resource abundance and invertebrate community recovery on recently submerged cobbles across three treatments: increased black fly abundance, added black fly silk plus ambient black fly abundance and ambient black fly abundance (control). 5. After 24 h, the increased black fly treatment had more chlorophyll a, detritus and greater invertebrate abundance and richness, and replicates had more self-similar communities than the control treatment. 6. The added silk treatment responded similarly to the increased black fly treatment, supporting the hypothesis that black flies increase the rate of basal resource accrual with their silk, increasing the colonisation rates of other invertebrate species. 7. Our study suggests that black flies are akin to other organisms that facilitate recovery following disturbance (e.g. alders fixing nitrogen following glacial retreat). Further research is needed to determine the effect of black flies on long-term patterns of recovery and the applicability of our results to natural disturbances in streams.