cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mental health comorbidity in patients with atopic dermatitis

Background Recent data, primarily from Europe, suggest that children with atopic dermatitis (AD) might be at increased risk of mental health disorders. Objective We aimed to quantify the mental health burden associated with pediatric AD in the United States. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used analyzing data from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a survey reporting on the health status of 92,642 noninstitutionalized children aged 0 to 17 years. The lifetime prevalence of various provider-diagnosed mental health conditions was calculated for those with and without a history of AD. Results The odds of having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was significantly increased in children with AD compared with the odds in control subjects without AD (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.54-2.27), even after controlling for known confounders. The adjusted odds ratios for depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and autism were 1.81 (95% CI, 1.33-2.46), 1.77 (95% CI, 1.36-2.29), 1.87 (95% CI, 1.46-2.39), and 3.04 (95% CI, 2.13-4.34), respectively, and these estimates were all statistically significant. A clear dose-dependent relationship was observed between the prevalence of a mental health disorder and the reported severity of the skin disease. Conclusions Our data reveal a striking association between mental health disorders and AD in the US pediatric population. The severity of the skin disease alters the strength of the association. Prospective cohort studies are needed to verify these associations and to explore underlying mechanisms. Strategies to prevent AD or to aggressively treat early skin inflammation might modify the risk of mental health disorders in at-risk children.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of abiotic, non-lactone modulators of LuxR-type quorum sensing

Abstract Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell–cell signaling mechanism that allows bacteria to monitor their population size and alter their behavior at high cell densities. Gram-negative bacteria use N -acylated L -homoserine lactones (AHLs) as their primary signals for QS. These signals are susceptible to lactone hydrolysis in biologically relevant media, and the ring-opened products are inactive QS signals. We have previously identified a range of non-native AHLs capable of strongly agonizing and antagonizing QS in Gram-negative bacteria. However, these abiotic AHLs are also prone to hydrolysis and inactivation and thereby have a relatively short time window for use (∼12–48 h). Non-native QS modulators with reduced or no hydrolytic instability could have enhanced potencies and would be valuable as tools to study the mechanisms of QS in a range of environments (for example, on eukaryotic hosts). This study reports the design and synthesis of two libraries of new, non-hydrolyzable AHL mimics. The libraries were screened for QS modulatory activity using LasR, LuxR, and TraR bacterial reporter strains, and several new, abiotic agonists and antagonists of these receptors were identified.
Managing Chronic Illness: Physician Practices Increased The Use Of Care Management And Medical Home Processes

The effective management of patients with chronic illnesses is critical to bending the curve of health care spending in the United States and is a crucial test for health care reform. In this artic...
1539 PROSPECTIVE SURVEY OF FUNGAL COLONIZATION IN HIGH RISK INFANTS

Systemic candidiasis occurs in 3 to 10% of high risk neonates, but the incidence and significance of fungal colonization in these patients is unknown. We studied colonization and evaluated surveillance cultures for the early detection of systemic fungal infections. Infants older than two weeks who were begun on antimicrobials and those with central venous catheters had weekly throat, stool, and urine cultures. 28 patients were enrolled at a median age of 28 days and followed for a mean of 9 weeks. 70 of 786 (8.9%) specimens grew Candida sp. (12.5% urine, 9.2% throat, 5.0% of stool cultures). 12 of 28 infants became colonized at a median age of 48 days; 6 in the throat, 7 in stool, and 7 in urine. Among 7 patients with positive bagged urine cultures, only 2 had positive catheterized cultures and both had systemic disease. 3 of the 28 patients died, 2 with systemic fungal infections. Risk factors in the 12 colonized versus 16 noncolonized were: birth weight 1140 vs 1530 g*, arterial catheters 11 vs 15, central venous catheters 2 vs 3, hyperalimentation 11 vs 14, asphyxia 7 vs 12, NEC 3 vs 6, bowel surgery 0 vs 3, prenatal steriods 2 vs 3, theophylline 11 vs 8*, days on antibiotics 44 vs 20*, respectively (*p<0.05). In summary, 42.9% of selected infants became colonized with Candida sp. and 7.2% developed systemic candidiasis. Surveillance with urine cultures, but not throat and stool, detected incipient systemic fungal infections.
Feasibility study of the potential use of chemistry based emission predictions for real-time control of modern diesel engines

Abstract The feasibility of using chemical kinetics-based prediction of emission species for real-time control of modern diesel engines is investigated. A previously developed fast, physics-based model is used as a representative example. The temporal variation of temperature required for the computation of the reaction rate constants is obtained from the solution of the energy equation. The effects of composition and temperature on the thermo-physical properties of the working fluid are included in the computations. Issues relating to model complexity, computation time, and fidelity are discussed in the context of both equilibrium and finite rate chemistry for use in the real time environment. The set of model inputs and tunable parameters is assessed for real-time use against the standard sensor set available on modern diesel engines. Results show that use of physics-based quasi-dimensional models is promising but may need complex variable mappings for real-time application.
Fracture risk in men with prostate cancer: A population-based study

Fractures are increased among men with prostate cancer, especially those on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), but few data are available on men with localized prostate cancer. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate fracture risk among unselected community men with prostate cancer and systematically assess associations with ADT and other risk factors for fracture. In a population-based retrospective cohort study, 742 Olmsted County, MN, men with prostate cancer first diagnosed in 1990-1999 (mean age 68.2 ± 8.9 years) were followed for 6821 person-years. We estimated cumulative fracture incidence, assessed relative risk by standardized incidence ratios, and evaluated risk factors in time-to-fracture regression models. All together, 482 fractures were observed in 258 men (71 per 1000 person-years). Overall fracture risk was elevated 1.9-fold, with an absolute increase in risk of 9%. Relative to rates among community men generally, fracture risk was increased even among men not on ADT but was elevated a further 1.7-fold among ADT-treated compared with untreated men with prostate cancer. The increased risk following various forms of ADT was accounted for mainly by associations with pathologic fractures (14% of all fractures). Among men not on ADT (62% of the cohort), more traditional osteoporosis risk factors were implicated. In both groups, underlying clinical characteristics prompting different treatments (indication bias) may have been partially responsible for the associations seen with specific therapies. To the extent that advanced-stage disease and pathologic fractures account for the excess risk, the effectiveness of fracture prevention among men with prostate cancer may be limited.
Further comment on allomothering and adaptation

Abstract It is important to recognize that allomothering is sometimes selfish in its consequences, but that recognition does not lead automatically to understanding behavior processes, nor can the evolutionary origins of behavior be infered directly from selective outcomes.
Dephasing effects in a two-dimensional magnetic-breakdown linked-orbit network: Magnesium

The galvanomagnetic properties of a magnetic-breakdown linked-orbit network with two-dimensional topology are calculated for the case of a stochastic distribution of defects in the network. The results show excellent agreement with experiments on magnesium and illustrate the transition between a smoothly varying magnetoresistivity (semiclassical regime) and an oscillatory magnetoresistivity (quantum regime).
The Use of Computers in the Separation of Overlapping Raman Bands and Their Use in Determining Depolarization Ratios

The advantage and need of computer devices for separating overlapped Raman bands are herein demonstrated. Systems of overlapped bands were analyzed by the DuPont 301 curve resolver. Initial experiments were conducted with mixtures of compounds whose concentrations were adjusted to simulate overlapped bands. Finally, a compound with unresolved peaks was examined. These studies show that some kind of curve separation is essential for many, if not most, Raman analyses that require not only the observation of bands of near degeneracy but also the measurement of meaningful and accurate depolarization ratios.
Burst-firing inhibition of cell R 15 in Aplysia californica: Pharmacological studies of the effects of tyramine, β-phenethylamine and D-amphetamine

Abstract 1. Current-voltage relationship studies have shown that both synaptic and dopamine (DA)-induced burst-firing inhibition of cell R 15 in Aplysia californica are due to a reduction of the depolarization-activated inward current which underlies bursting. Bath application of tyramine (TYR), β-phenethylamine (PEA), and D -amphetamine (AMP) produced a similar reduction of this inward current. Kinetics experiments suggest that these three agents do not share a common mechanism with DA. 2. High doses of TYR, PEA and AMP induced synaptic activity through the activation of an interneuron. One form of this activity was inhibition of long duration following excitation (ILD-E). 3. Dihydroergotamine (DHET) blocked the effect of DA and the loss of inward current produced by TYR, PEA and AMP. The ILD-E, however, was not blocked by DHET. This suggests that these agents induce the generation of an ILD-E that is mediated by a transmitter other than DA, and that two receptors mediating burst-firing inhibition are present on cell R 15: a DA-sensitive receptor, and a DHET-insensitive receptor.
Developmental horizons: legacies and prospects in child and adolescent development.

This volume brings together leading scholars to describe important new directions in research on child and adolescent development. This introductory chapter places their articles in the context of three larger trends in the field.
Eccentric nephroscopy for the incarcerated nephrostomy

Following a percutaneous stone extraction and demonstration of antegrade flow, conventional methods of traction and coaxial dilatation failed to allow removal of a Stamey-Malecot nephrostomy. An eccentric track was created for nephroscopy. Grasping forceps were used to cut the fibrous tissue from the “wings” of the nephrostomy tube to allow its easy withdrawal. The combined approach by the radiologist and urologist safely overcame the fibrous entrapment.
Soft-x-ray imaging with the 35 period undulator at the NSLS

In the summer of 1988, the National Synchrotron Light Source installed a 35 period soft‐x‐ray undulator. We are using this device as a radiation source for a beamline designed for soft‐x‐ray imaging experiments that require high brightness for practical operation. We present the design philosophy and implementation of this beamline. Preliminary characterization of the beamline and undulator indicate that the central intensity of the undulator is within a factor of 2 of design. We have measured an intensity of more than 1015 photons/s/0.1% BW/mrad2 at 36 A. The monochromator has achieved its design resolving power of 2000.
The modified three point Gaussian method for determining Gaussian peak parameters

Abstract A modified three point Gaussian (MTPG) method for analyzing histogrammed peaks which are assumed to have an underlying Gaussian distribution has been developed. The original three point Gaussian method introduces systematic biases in estimating area A and full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of Gaussian peaks in histogrammed spectra, in addition to resulting in relatively large uncertainties in these estimates. This bias is caused by choosing the midpoint of each bin as the x-coordinate when calculating the three parameters of a Gaussian distribution (A, centroid μ, and FWHM). The MTPG method applied an iterative procedure to more accurately determine the x-coordinate for each bin used in three point Gaussian method. In the FWHM range of about 0.5–2 bins, the MTPG method converged after several iterations (typically 5 to 6), in the process eliminating the bias introduced by the original method. Additionally, the uncertainties of A and FWHM estimates in this same FWHM range were minimized and approached the statistical limits. A detailed description of the MTPG method and results over a range of peak areas and FWHMs are presented.
Reversible hyponatremia and azotemia in a patient with cirrhosis and ascites.

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites is reported whose edema and ascites were cured by diuresis with intensive therapy. However she developed progressive uremia, hyponatremia, and coma. This ominous complication was reversed by infusions of blood, albumin, and molar sodium and restriction of water intake.
Method for accurate quantitation of background tissue optical properties in the presence of emission from a strong fluorescence marker

Quantification of targeted fluorescence markers during neurosurgery has the potential to improve and standardize surgical distinction between normal and cancerous tissues. However, quantitative analysis of marker fluorescence is complicated by tissue background absorption and scattering properties. Correction algorithms that transform raw fluorescence intensity into quantitative units, independent of absorption and scattering, require a paired measurement of localized white light reflectance to provide estimates of the optical properties. This study focuses on the unique problem of developing a spectral analysis algorithm to extract tissue absorption and scattering properties from white light spectra that contain contributions from both elastically scattered photons and fluorescence emission from a strong fluorophore (i.e. fluorescein). A fiber-optic reflectance device was used to perform measurements in a small set of optical phantoms, constructed with Intralipid (1% lipid), whole blood (1% volume fraction) and fluorescein (0.16-10 μg/mL). Results show that the novel spectral analysis algorithm yields accurate estimates of tissue parameters independent of fluorescein concentration, with relative errors of blood volume fraction, blood oxygenation fraction (BOF), and the reduced scattering coefficient (at 521 nm) of <7%, <1%, and <22%, respectively. These data represent a first step towards quantification of fluorescein in tissue in vivo.
The effect of sulfur poisoning on methane oxidation over palladium supported on γ-alumina catalysts

Abstract The effect of sulfur on deactivation of palladium catalysts for methane oxidation has been investigated in this research. A PdO deactivation mechanism due to sulfur is proposed over the 100–400°C range. H2S induced catalyst poisoning of PdO/γ–Al2O3 is attributed to the formation of aluminum sulfate. Catalyst activity decreases with increasing H2S deposition and increasing temperature from 100 to 400°C. TGA results show that PdO promotes the reaction of H2S with γ-Al2O3. Surface sulfite and sulfate groups are observed by FT-IR on poisoned catalysts and are believed to be the cause of a 25% decrease in BET surface area. Activation energy for methane oxidation of H2S poisoned catalyst decreases due to the formation of Al2(SO4)3 which causes the reaction to change from surface reaction control to pore-diffusion control. H2 treatment at 600°C removes much of the sulfite and sulfate from the surface of poisoned catalysts and regenerates most of the fresh catalyst activity.
Racial Discrimination and Racial Identity as Risk or Protective Factors for Violent Behaviors in African American Young Adults

This study examined the influences of racial discrimination and different racial identity attitudes on engaging in violent behavior among 325 African American young adults. The contributions of racial discrimination and racial identity attitudes in explaining violent behavior during the transition into young adulthood while controlling for the influences of prior risk behaviors at ninth grade were examined separately for males and females. In addition, the buffering effects of racial identity attitudes on the relationship between racial discrimination and violent behavior were tested. Results indicated that experience with racial discrimination was a strong predictor of violent behavior, regardless of gender. The centrality of race for males and the meaning others attribute to being Black for both males and females were moderators of the influence of racial discrimination on violent behavior.
Photosynthesis of organic compounds in the atmosphere of Jupiter

An efficient conversion of CH4 to hydrocarbons and HCN takes place when NH3 is photolysed in the presence of CH4, H2, and He using a 184.9 nm light source. The extent of NH3 decomposition after a 1 hr exposure was determined spectrophotometrically; CH4, N2, and C2 and C3 hydrocarbons were detected and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Photolysis of one molar equivalent of NH3 results in the loss of 0.84 molar equivalent of CH4, which apparently reacts with hot hydrogen atoms produced by photolysis. The 8% of the NH3 which is not converted to N2 probably is converted to organic amines and nitrile derivatives. The results indicate that NH3 photolysis is a highly probable mechanism for the conversion of methane to more complex hydrocarbons in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, and predict the occurrence of HCN, NH2NH2, and higher hydrocarbons in the Jovian atmosphere above the NH3 clouds.
Homogenization in mechanical mixing involving polyvinyl chloride. II. Effect of different types of polymers on breakdown of PVC particulate structure and mixing mechanism

Abstract The process of mixing PVC with other polymers, including an examination of how these polymers contribute to the breakdown of the particulate structure of PVC, is described. The polymers were an immiscible nitrile rubber containing 22% acrylonitrile (NBR-22) and two miscible polymers, poly-e-caprolactone (PCL) and copolyester thermoplastic elastomer (trademark Hytrel). The mixing of PVC and NBR-30, as investigated in the previous paper (Part I), was also considered as a reference. The overall progress of mixing for the three systems (i.e., PVC/NBR-22, PVC/PCL, and PVC/Hytrel) was similar to that for PVC/NBR-30; the removal of skins was followed by breakdown of PVC particles. However, the rate of breakdown differed widely from system to system, depending on the inherent thermodynamic and viscoelastic nature of the individual polymers which served as the medium for stress transfer to the PVC particles. Molecular mixing, which provides a strong interfacial adhesion between PVC and the component polym...
ASSESSMENT AND 2‐YEAR INSTITUTIONS

The Clearinghouse for Higher Education Assessment Instruments, funded in part by the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education, has been established at the University of Tennessee to assist institutions in finding, evaluating, selecting, and / or developing educational outcomes measures. In order to document the current availability and use of commercially and institutionally (locally) developed instruments, a survey was developed and mailed to over 3,400 2‐ and 4‐year institutions. Results provide insight into what is being assessed and the types of instruments being used and developed by 2‐year institutions.
In search of the elusive membranous nephropathy antigen.

I favor is that antibodies may wax and wane with disease activity during the clinical course, and the presence of proteinuria in MN does not necessarily imply immunological activity. Another interesting finding is that most of the reactivity to the MN antigen resides in the IgG4 subclass. This is significant because most of the immunoglobulin that is deposited in the glomeruli of patients with MN is IgG4. However, the serum of several patients also has lesser amounts of IgG1 reactivity to the antigen. This is noteworthy because we believe that the podocyte injury that occurs in MN is complement-mediated [8, 9] , and IgG4 does not fix complement; however, IgG1 does. We have also obtained repeat samples from a few patients with MN and found that the presence of the antibodies corresponds to disease activity in that they disappear during drug-induced or spontaneous remission and reappear with relapse. These findings have clear implications for the diagnosis of idiopathic MN and for monitoring the response to treatment.
LATERAL MANDIBULAR WALL THICKNESS IN TURSIOPS TRUNCATUS: VARIATION DUE TO SEX AND AGE

In odontocetes the mandibular bone serves two functions: to capture prey, and as a means of the reception and transmission of sound waves through a fat body in the mandibular canal, which opens posteriorly as the mandibular foramen. The posterior part of the lateral wall of the odontocete mandible is thin, and appears to represent a compromise between a strong mandible for prey capture and a thin vibrating plate for hearing. We studied the intraspecific variation of minimum thickness of the lateral mandibular wall along four transects (T1-T4) at the area of the mandibular foramen, in relation to the skull size and the mandibular size in different-aged bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus (18 females between 1 and 42 yr, 17 males between 1 and 32 yr). The minimum thickness was absolutely at its lowest at the most posterior transect T1, but did not vary significantly between the sexes or between the ages. The minimum thickness varied significantly at the two most anterior transects, T3 and T4, both between the sexes and among the ages. The thickness increased throughout life among males, whereas in females it first increased and then starts to decrease around the age of 20.
Socrates and Plato

Within a decade after Socrates' death his followers were already battling over the rights to his spiritual legacy. Antisthenes and Aeschines, Euclides and Aristippus suffered literary oblivion; but the works of Plato and Xenophon survived to give, if not utterly different, at least contrasting pictures of their master. In modern times Xenophon has suffered badly from the revelation that he gleaned material from other writers.' Plato offers us two quite different portraits of Socrates the philosopher, that of the early dialogues and that of the middle dialogues. Scholars almost universally recognize the Socrates of the middle dialogues as a mouthpiece for Plato. This leaves the possibility that the Socrates of the early dialogues is a faithful representation of the historical Socrates. The view that he is I shall call the Early Dialogue Theory (EDT). Beginning arguably with Aristotle and revived by Friedrich Schleiermacher,2 EDT counts among its adherents some of the leading scholars of ancient philosophy, including Paul Natorp, Wincenty Lutoslawski, Heinrich Maier, Constantin Ritter, W.D. Ross, Richard Robinson, J.E. Raven, W.K.C. Guthrie, Norman Gulley, and Gregory Vlastos.3 Much recent work on Socrates and Plato has gone on under the banner of EDT.4 There are, of course, significant differences of interpretation among adherents of this tradition; but on the exegetical principles they accept there is considerable agreement. EDT is, I believe, correct. However, it remains highly controversial, and the arguments given in its favor are often unneccessarily weak. In this paper I shall advance some
New stability analysis based on iterative sampling and optimization

The objective of this work is to present a novel and efficient method for generating steady-state stability maps of different reactor models. These maps determine the parameters for which stable operating conditions exist, which is useful for the design and operation of chemical reactors.
Biological Augmentation of Rotator Cuff Tendon Repair

A histologically normal insertion site does not regenerate following rotator cuff tendon-to-bone repair, which is likely due to abnormal or insufficient gene expression and/or cell differentiation at the repair site. Techniques to manipulate the biologic events following tendon repair may improve healing. We used a sheep infraspinatus repair model to evaluate the effect of osteoinductive growth factors and BMP-12 on tendon-to-bone healing. Magnetic resonance imaging and histology showed increased formation of new bone and fibrocartilage at the healing tendon attachment site in the treated animals, and biomechanical testing showed improved load-to-failure. Other techniques with potential to augment repair site biology include use of platelets isolated from autologous blood to deliver growth factors to a tendon repair site. Modalities that improve local vascularity, such as pulsed ultrasound, have the potential to augment rotator cuff healing. Important information about the biology of tendon healing can also be gained from studies of substances that inhibit healing, such as nicotine and antiinflammatory medications. Future approaches may include the use of stem cells and transcription factors to induce formation of the native tendon-bone insertion site after rotator cuff repair surgery.
Polarisation and modal behaviour of low threshold oxide and airgap confined vertical cavity lasers

Polarisation and modal behaviour are compared for very low threshold oxide confined and airgap confined vertical cavity lasers. Although both structures have nearly identical optical models leading to the same stable fundamental mode emission up to many times threshold, they show very different polarisation behaviours. Predetermined polarisation up to 18 times threshold is achieved for the oxide confined vertical cavity lasers.
Women’s vulnerability to sexual assault from adolescence to young adulthood

Purpose: To study the vulnerability to sexual assault among undergraduate women. Methods: The respondents were demographically representative of undergraduate women in state-supported universities in the United States. Participants (N = 1569) were surveyed using the Sexual Experiences Survey at the beginning and end of their 1st year and at the end of each of the next 3 years of their undergraduate career. Survival analysis was used to determine the risk of initial victimization during specific time intervals from the age of 14 years through the collegiate years as a function of prior victimization. Odds analyses were used to analyze the main and interactive effects of victimization at prior time periods on the probability of victimization at subsequent time periods. Results: Victimization before the age of 14 years almost doubled the risk of later adolescent victimization (1.8). Furthermore, for those with and without childhood victimization, the risk of an initial sexual assault after the age of 14 years occurred most often in late adolescence, and declined each year thereafter (aged 18–22 years). Sexual victimization among university women was highest for those who had been first assaulted in early adolescence (4.6 times nonvictims). Detailed analyses revealed that the more severe the adolescent experience the greater the risk of collegiate revictimization. Adolescent victims of rape or attempted rape, in particular, were 4.4 times more likely to be as seriously assaulted during their 1st year of college. Conclusion: A linear path model is suggested. Childhood victimization increased the risk of adolescent victimization, which in turn significantly affected the likelihood of revictimization among college women.
3’ UTRs are the primary regulators of gene expression in the C. elegans germline

How genes are regulated to produce the correct assortment of proteins for every cell type is a fundamental question in biology. For many genes, regulation begins at the DNA level with the use of promoter sequences to control transcription. Regulation can also occur after transcription using sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA to affect mRNA stability and/or translation [1]. The C. elegans gonad is an excellent tissue to study gene regulation during development: In the adult, germ cells are arranged in order of differentiation, with undifferentiated progenitors at one end of the gonad, cells in meiotic prophase in the middle, and gametes at the other end [2]. Using a transgenic assay, we have compared the contribution of promoters and 3' UTRs to gene regulation during germline development. We find that for most genes tested, 3' UTRs are sufficient for regulation. With the exception of promoters activated during spermatogenesis, promoters are permissive for expression in all germ cell types (from progenitors to oocytes and sperm). In progenitors, 3' UTRs inhibit the production of meiotic and oocyte proteins by posttranscriptional mechanisms involving PUF- and KH-domain RNA-binding proteins. Our findings indicate that many genes rely primarily on 3' UTRs, not promoters, for regulation during germline development.
Sound radiation from ducts - A comparison of admittance values

Note typical blocking in classical wind tunnels is of the order of 5% or less. In that case separation on the wall of the type described here is unlikely to happen. However, use of large models and self-streamlining walls, particularly near stall where gradients could be numerically large, may present problems. Alternately, in confined flowfields, as may be encountered between an external store and its rack, it is possible that induced separation of this type could exist. This is particularly likely because the store usually extends well in front of the rack and so a relatively thick boundary layer could be expected. Note that it is possible in a confined flow for the aft separation (as in the source plus one wall) to choke or block the flow and to cause the separation point to move well forward. Flow between a wall and any boattail shape generates a deceleration that causes the wall boundary layer to be particularly susceptible to the latter type of induced separation. Finally, below a critical Mach number the results suggest likelihood of separation may be reduced through the use of aerodynamic interference to accelerate the flow locally.
Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in Hodgkin's disease

Cytogenetic studies of Hodgkin's disease (HD), in contrast to those of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), have been limited to small numbers of cases with infrequently recurring aberrations, underscoring the need for additional studies in establishing a coherent Cytogenetic picture of HD. Over a 6 1/2-year period, we received 95 specimens of HD for Cytogenetic analysis. Analyzable chromosome preparations were obtained in 70 cases, of which 57 (81 %) showed only normal metaphases. In the remaining 13 cases (19%), karyotypic abnormalities were observed that were nonclonal in 3 and clonal in 10. The latter 10 cases included 6 of the nodular sclerosis subtype, 3 mixed cellularity, and 1 lymphocyte-depleted; 8 of the specimens were obtained pretreatment and 2 posttreatment. Two of the cases had a clonal numerical aberration, monosomy 17 in one and trisomy 13 in the other, as their sole abnormality. The remaining 8 cases showed complex karyotypes with multiple structural rearrangements; in 3 of these, the abnormal clone was near-tetraploid. Bands involved more than once included 1p36, 1q21, and 4q35, each in 2 cases. Arms involved more than once included 6q (6q13,6q23), 9p (9p13,9p21), and 5q (5q15,5q35). Three patients had loss of part or all of 6q (del(6)(q 13), del(6)(q23), i(6p)). Bands 14q32 and 18q21 were not involved in any case, contrary to some previous reports. Our results confirm the frequent occurrence of 1 p, 1 q, and 6q abnormalities in HD. In addition, we have identified a 5q35 breakpoint, which has recently been shown to be highly specific for Ki-1 -positive NHL in a case of typical nodular sclerosis HD. Its presence in HD may represent a Cytogenetic link between the two entities, which are immunophenotypically related but clinically and histologically distinct.
A Requirements Driven Framework for Benchmarking Semantic Web Knowledge Base Systems

A key challenge for the semantic Web is to acquire the capability to effectively query large knowledge bases. As there will be several competing systems, we need benchmarks that will objectively evaluate these systems. Development of effective benchmarks in an emerging domain is a challenging endeavor. In this paper, we propose a requirements driven framework for developing benchmarks for semantic Web knowledge base systems (SW KBSs). In this paper, we make two major contributions. First, we provide a list of requirements for SW KBS benchmarks. This can serve as an unbiased guide to both the benchmark developers and personnel responsible for systems acquisition and benchmarking. Second, we provide an organized collection of techniques and tools needed to develop such benchmarks. In particular, the collection contains a detailed guide for generating benchmark workload, defining performance metrics, and interpreting experimental results
Case study of a ubiquitous image/video capture system

This paper presents the case study of the design of a ubiquitous photographic/videographic based capture system and talks about an application of it. It also describes how these images/videos can be used for a personal consumer application and also as empirical anthropological data.
Gene Network Inference via Structural Equation Modeling in Genetical Genomics Experiments

Our goal is gene network inference in genetical genomics or systems genetics experiments. For species where sequence information is available, we first perform expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping by jointly utilizing cis-, cis-trans-, and trans-regulation. After using local structural models to identify regulator-target pairs for each eQTL, we construct an encompassing directed network (EDN) by assembling all retained regulator-target relationships. The EDN has nodes corresponding to expressed genes and eQTL and directed edges from eQTL to cis-regulated target genes, from cis-regulated genes to cis-trans-regulated target genes, from trans-regulator genes to target genes, and from trans-eQTL to target genes. For network inference within the strongly constrained search space defined by the EDN, we propose structural equation modeling (SEM), because it can model cyclic networks and the EDN indeed contains feedback relationships. On the basis of a factorization of the likelihood and the constrained search space, our SEM algorithm infers networks involving several hundred genes and eQTL. Structure inference is based on a penalized likelihood ratio and an adaptation of Occam's window model selection. The SEM algorithm was evaluated using data simulated with nonlinear ordinary differential equations and known cyclic network topologies and was applied to a real yeast data set.
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy in Pediatrics: An Opportunity to Expand Antimicrobial Stewardship

We reviewed patient discharges with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) to determine whether outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy was modifiable or unnecessary at a large tertiary care children’s hospital. At least one modification definitely or possibly would have been recommended for 78% of episodes. For more than 40% of episodes, outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy was potentially not indicated. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0):1–3
Accurate numerical analysis of multimode-interference-based 3-dB couplers

The power coupling characteristics of a multimode-interference-based 3-dB coupler have been analyzed by using the vector finite-element and least-squares boundary residual methods. The numerical results obtained have been compared with published experimental data to show the accuracy and the versatility of these numerical schemes. The results predict that a full treatment of the two-dimensional cross section is of particular importance for the design and the simulation of effective waveguide devices to enable a study of their important optical properties such as polarization and fabrication tolerances.
Pedagogy for Equity: Teaching in a Hispanic-Serving Institution

Three female tenure-track faculty members at a Hispanic-Serving Institution explored how their cultural backgrounds inform their pedagogical approaches toward equity. They drew upon Mills’s (1959) and Collins’s (1993) frameworks to examine how their personal biographies, local social contexts, and broader systemic institutions affect their teaching processes for diverse students. These teaching processes include limiting assumptions about students, encouraging students to consider their own personal biographies in relation to the social world, welcoming students’ multiple modes of expression, serving as role models, and challenging inequities in schooling. They conclude with recommendations for enhancing inclusivity in student learning and faculty development.
Area efficient decoding of quasi-cyclic low density parity check codes

This paper exploits the similarity between the two stages of belief propagation decoding algorithm for low density parity check codes to derive an area efficient design that re-maps the check node functional units and variable node functional units into the same hardware. Consequently, the novel approach could reduce the logic core size by approximately 21% without any performance degradation. In addition, the proposed approach improves the hardware utilization efficiency as well.
Decision-making for acutely ill nursing home residents: nurses in the middle.

Title. Decision-making for acutely ill nursing home residents: nurses in the middle. Aim. This paper is a report of a study to generate a model of nursing behaviours and social processes inherent in decision-making for acutely ill nursing home residents. Background. Most research concerning clinical decision-making in nursing homes focuses on the perspectives of doctors. Much less is known about the perspectives and actions of nurses with regard to decision-making, despite the centrality of their roles in nursing homes. Method. Grounded theory was used. Data were collected in 2004 in four nursing homes in the United States of America using in-depth, semi-structured interviews, 74 hours of non-participant observation and informal conversational interviews with key nursing staff involved in decision-making. Findings. Nurses strive to create a plan of care acceptable to family members and doctors, consistent with wishes of residents and most comfortable for residents. A unifying theme of satisfying all sides emerged as representative of the negotiation strategies used by nurses to address these competing points of view. Four phases in this negotiation occurred: weighing the significance; notifying the family; feeling it out; and playing the middleman. The outcome was either a decision for life-prolongation or for palliative care. Conclusion. Decisions for nursing home residents are complex and involve weighing and balancing the interests and preferences of many concerned participants, including residents, families and doctors. This process requires skill in clinical judgment, communication and collaboration.
Influence of gain saturation, gain asymmetry, and pump/probe depletion on wavelength conversion efficiency of FWM in semiconductor optical amplifiers

The effects of gain saturation, gain asymmetry, and pump/probe depletion on the conversion efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers are studied analytically and numerically. The power dependence of FWM coupling coefficients and ultrafast relaxation-related gain mechanisms are included in the model. By studying the FWM efficiency in the transition from unsaturated to strongly saturated regions, it is seen that gain asymmetry results in deviation from small-signal models when the pump-probe detuning and pump powers are small. At high pump injection or gain conditions, it is also shown that the small-signal model breaks down even for relatively large detuning frequencies. Probe depletion is also seen to be critical under saturated conditions and an upper bound is derived for ranges of input pump power, pump-probe detuning, and gain for a given amplifier under which the small-signal model is valid.
Properties of the surface-modified layer of plasma-oxidized poly(dimethylsiloxane)

Exposure of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to oxygen plasma creates a thin, stiff surface-modified layer that reaches a submicron depth. Due to a significant modulus mismatch between the stiff surface-modified layer and the compliant bulk PDMS the surface-modified layer forms intricate patterns of surface buckles when under compressive stress and nano-cracks when under tensile stress. It is desirable to be able to design patterns of nano-cracks, or at least to have an understanding of them. Among the properties necessary to do this are the thickness and elastic modulus of the surface-modified layer. Due to the very small length scale of the surface-modified layer, it is a significant challenge to measure these properties. In this proceedings paper, a two-step method is described for determining the thickness and elastic modulus of the surface-modified layer using the atomic force microscope (AFM). First, nanoindentation is performed from which the bending stiffness of the surface-modified layer is calculated. Second, the surface-modified layer thickness is determined by using phase imaging on the cross-section of oxidized PDMS to map the region of the relatively stiffer surface-modified layer.
HMMF: An Hidden Markov Model Based Approach for Motif Finding

Transcriptional factor binding site (TFBS) motifs on DNA genomes play important functional roles in gene expression and regulation. Accurately identifying the motifs is thus an important problem in bioinformatics. However, exhaustively enumerating all possible locations for a motif in a set of sequences is computationally intractable. Many heuristic or approximation algorithms and machine learning based approaches have been developed for this problem. In this paper, we develop a novel approach that can efficiently explore all possible locations of TFBS motifs in a set of sequences with high accuracy. Our approach constructs an ensemble of k Hidden Markov Models (HMM) through local alignments of two sequences in the set and then progressively aligns each HMM in the ensemble to other sequences in the set and update the parameters of the k HMMs. Our experimental results showed that our approach could achieve higher accuracy with satisfying efficiency than previous state-of-art approaches.
From course assignment paper to publishable manuscript.

Both undergraduate and graduate nursing students are expected to write numerous papers in their educational programs; however, most of these papers are never published. Many students and faculty lack the skills needed to convert a course assignment paper to a publishable manuscript. The purpose of this article is to describe 10 steps that can transform a course assignment paper into a publishable manuscript. These steps include outlining, clarifying the topic, clearly stating the purpose, identifying an appropriate audience, revising with faculty’s feedback, querying journal editors, revising to conform to journal’s author guidelines, requesting and responding to peer feedback, and finally editing and proofreading prior to submitting the manuscript. Faculty members are encouraged to make writing assignments that students can then convert to publishable manuscripts. Such publications form an essential cornerstone of professional holistic nursing.
Recovery from experimental autoimmune uveitis promotes induction of antiuveitic inducible Tregs

The recovery of EAU, a mouse model of endogenous human autoimmune uveitis, is marked with the emergence of autoantigen-specific regulatory immunity in the spleen that protects the mice from recurrence of EAU. This regulatory immunity is mediated by a melanocortin-driven suppressor APC that presents autoantigen and uses adenosine to activate an antigen-specific CD4(+) Tregs through the A2Ar. These cells are highly effective in suppressing uveitis, and they appear to be inducible Tregs. In this study, we determined whether they are inducible or natural Tregs and identified the dependent mechanism for the function of these post-EAU Tregs. The post-EAU spleen CD25(+)CD4(+) T cells were sorted for NRP-1 expression and transferred to recipient mice immunized for EAU. The sorted NRP-1(-), but not the NRP-1(+), Tregs suppressed EAU. These NRP-1(-) Tregs coexpress PD-1 and PD-L1. Treatment of naive APCs with α-MSH promoted a regulatory APC that induced CD25(+) CD4(+) Tregs in a CD73-dependent manner. These Tregs were PD-L1(+) PD-1(+) NRP-1(-) FOXP3(+) HELIOS(-) and suppressed EAU when transferred to recipient mice. In contrast, PD-1(-) T cells did not suppress EAU, indicating that PD-1 is necessary for the suppressive activity of iTregs. Moreover, these Tregs did not suppress effector T cells when the PD/-1/PD-L1 pathway was blocked. These results demonstrate that post-EAU Tregs are inducible Tregs, which use a PD-1/PD-L1 mechanism to suppress disease.
Evaluation of performance of various color‐difference formulae using an experimental black dataset

The objective of this study was to develop a specific visual dataset comprising black-appearing samples with low lightness (L* ranging from approximately 10.4 to 19.5), varying in hue and chroma, evaluating their visual differences against a reference sample, and testing the performance of major color difference formulas currently in use as well as OSA-UCS-based models and more recent CAM02 color difference formulas including CAM02-SCD and CAM02-UCS models. The dataset comprised 50 dyed black fabric samples of similar structure, and a standard (L*= 15.33, a* = 0.14, b* = −0.82), with a distribution of small color differences, in ΔE*ab, from 0 to approximately 5. The visual color difference between each sample and the standard was assessed by 19 observers in three separate sittings with an interval of at least 24 hours between trials using an AATCC standard gray scale for color change, and a total of 2850 assessments were obtained. A third-degree polynomial equation was used to convert gray scale ratings to visual differences. The Standard Residual Sum of Squares index (STRESS) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r), were used to evaluate the performance of various color difference formulae based on visual results. According to the analysis of STRESS index and correlation coefficient results CAM02 color difference equations exhibited the best agreement against visual data with statistically significant improvement over other models tested. The CIEDE2000 (1:1:1) equation also showed good performance in this region of the color space. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 589–598, 2014