cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The origin of passive get

The history of English passive get is examined, in an attempt to determine both the diachronic pathway of development and the linguistic mechanism of syntactic change. Passive get (as in He got arrested) is shown to have developed from inchoative get (He got sick), and not from causative get (He got himself arrested). Passive get arose in cases where inchoative get took an adjectival passive participle as complement and where viewpoint aspect was perfective. Perfective aspect, which yields a bounded-event reading, encouraged the reanalysis of the adjectival passive participle as a verbal passive participle. Though the pathway of change is the same as that identified by Gronemeyer (1999), the mechanism of change proposed here is novel. The theoretical import of the article is to show how semantic and pragmatic factors like aspect influence morphosyntactic reanalysis, and thereby to raise our expectations about what constitutes a plausible reanalysis and improve our understanding of syntactic change more generally.
The Role of Screen Size in Viewer Responses to Television Fare

Consumer demand for large screen television sets is on the rise, with sales of 27 inch and larger sets exceeding the most optimistic industry expectations. One reason for this demand may be that a large screen television delivers a different, more enjoyable, more intense viewing experience than a small screen model. This greater intensity may also indicate that large screen viewers experience a sense of presence, a feeling that they are in the environment portrayed on the screen. Eighty undergraduate students viewed 17 brief segments of a variety of current television programs on a consumer‐model television with either a small screen (12 inches, measured diagonally) or a large screen (46 inches). Subjects’ evaluative responses were measured via a questionnaire. Although they did not report greater enjoyment when watching the large screen, when differences between the perceived quality of the sets was controlled viewers reported a variety of more intense responses to the images on the large screen.
Seasonal ammonia emissions from a free-stall dairy in Central Texas.

Studies show that agricultural and animal feeding operations (AFOs) contribute a considerable amount of ammonia (NH3) to the atmosphere. Agricultural NH3 emissions are recognized as an important air quality issue. Biological decomposition of manure from dairy operations results in emissions of NH3 and other gases. There is a need to determine NH3 emission factors (EFs) to compile annual NH3 inventories. NH3 emissions should be estimated from different ground-level area sources (GLAS) including open-lots (cows on earthen corrals), free-stalls (cows in barns), manure composting sites, primary and secondary lagoons, separated solids, and milking parlors. A protocol using flux chambers was used to determine NH3 EFs from different GLAS of a free-stall dairy in central Texas. Data including NH3 emissions from GLAS were collected during winter and summer seasons. NH3 concentration measurements were made using chemiluminescence-based analyzers. The EFs for the free-stall dairy were estimated as 11 +/- 4.9 (confidence interval [CI]) kg-NH3 x yr(-1) x head(-1) for summer and 4.7 +/- 4.9 kg-NH3 x yr(-1) x head(-1) for winter. The estimated annual NH3 EF was 8.4 +/- 4.9 kg-NH3 x yr(-1) head(-1) for this free-stall dairy. This seasonal difference was attributed to temperature, loading rate of dairy waste, and manure bacterial activity of GLAS. In winter, composted manure and free-stalls contributed nearly 77% of the total NH3 emissions for the dairy; however, in summer, two lagoons at the dairy contributed 65% of the overall NH3 emissions.
A low sidelobe network for time delayed subarrays

The elements of large arrays are often grouped into subarrays to decrease the array feed complexity or reduce the number of controls. Wideband subarrayed systems use phase shifters at each element and analog time delay units or digital receivers at the subarray level. A cost saving results from the reduction of the number of time delay devices. Until now there have been no appropriate networks for inserting time delay at the subarray ports of large constrained subarrays without causing high sidelobes. This paper describes one such network that, at the outset, provided far lower sidelobes than the usual contiguous subarrays, but retained several high lobes near the main beam. This paper shows the reduction of nearly all sidelobes to levels determined by tolerance errors. Several examples are presented that synthesize sidelobes at -40 dB.
Imaging single synaptic vesicles undergoing repeated fusion events: kissing, running, and kissing again

At synapses of the mammalian central nervous system, release of neurotransmitter occurs at rates transiently as high as 100 Hz, putting extreme demands on nerve terminals with only tens of functional vesicles at their disposal. Thus, the presynaptic vesicle cycle is particularly critical to maintain neurotransmission. To understand vesicle cycling at the most fundamental level, we studied single vesicles undergoing exo/endocytosis and tracked the fate of newly retrieved vesicles. This was accomplished by minimally stimulating boutons in the presence of the membrane-fluorescent styryl dye FM1-43, then selecting for terminals that contained only one dye-filled vesicle. We then observed the kinetics of dye release during single action potential stimulation. We found that most vesicles lost only a portion of their total dye during a single fusion event, but were able to fuse again soon thereafter. We interpret this as direct evidence of “kiss-and-run” followed by rapid reuse. Other interpretations such as “partial loading” and “endosomal splitting” were largely excluded on the basis of multiple lines of evidence. Our data placed an upper bound of 1.4 s on the lifetime of the kiss-and-run fusion event, based on the assumption that aqueous departitioning is rate limiting. The repeated use of individual vesicles held over a range of stimulus frequencies up to 30 Hz and was associated with neurotransmitter release. A small percentage of fusion events did release a whole vesicle’s worth of dye in one action potential, consistent with a classical picture of exocytosis as fusion followed by complete collapse or at least very slow retrieval.  2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Myocutaneous trapezius flap

A random pattern flap, such as the nape-of-the-neck flap, is a delayed cutaneous flap that relies on collateral circulation based on the skin pedicle. The myocutaneous trapezius flap, however, is a cervical flap that does not need to be delayed since it receives its blood supply from a musculocutaneous artery. The author has radiographic and clinical evidence that demonstrates that the upper one-half of the trapezius muscle is primarily, and abundantly, supplied by the transverse cervical artery. If this artery is kept intact during resection and reconstruction, a flap as large as 12 x 42 cm may be maintained. This flap has been used in various types of reconstruction on 23 patients, and it has been successful in terms of viability, versatility, safety, and cosmesis.
Neurologic education for the future: a decade of curricular reform at Harvard Medical School.

The field of neurology is undergoing significant changes to which curricular reform is both responding and contributing. We reflect on a decade of experience at Harvard Medical School with integration of neuroscience, behaviour, pathophysiology and introductory clinical skills. As part of Harvard's "New Pathway" curriculum, this coordinated, pre-clerkship program embraces a "hybrid" form of problem-based learning. A variety of methods are employed synergistically to meet the two broad goals of preparing for competency in neurologic clerkships and for career-long learning in clinically relevant neuroscience. We articulate specific ways of elevating the level of intellectual inquiry, involving multi-disciplinary faculty more productively, and vertically integrating the learning experience through the years of medical school.
Learning, School Performance, and Children with Asthma How Much at Risk?

Children with asthma may be at risk for decreased school functioning due to acute exacerbations, increased absenteeism, iatrogenic effects of their asthma medication, and the stress associated with a chronic illness. The purpose of this article is to critically review extant research pertaining to the school functioning of children with asthma, including studies of school attendance, school performance, the effects of asthma medications on learning and behavior, and the role of psychological variables in the development of functional impairments. There is not sufficient evidence to suggest that children with asthma are at significantly higher risk for poor school performance than children without asthma. Factors that may contribute to poor school performance among children with asthma include iatrogenic effects of oral steroids, poor medical management of the disease, and psychological problems. Recommendations for improving the school functioning of children with asthma are discussed.
Effect of vertebrate hypoglycemic and β-cell cytotoxic agents on insects☆

The effect of several vertebrate hypoglycemic and fl-cell cytotoxic chemicals on insects was examined. 2. The dietary LCs0's for phenformin fed to Manduca sexta, Plodia interpunctella, and Tribolium confusum were 1.4 x 10 3, 3.3 x 10 a and 13.0 x 103 ppm. 3. Chlorpropamide and tolbutamide were similarly effective against M. sexta at 8.5 x 103 and 17 x 103 ppm. 4. Chlorpropamide produced a 23% hypotrehalosemic response in M. sexta fed 104 ppm supple- mented diet. 5. The fl-cell cytotoxic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin, produced 50% mortality when injected into the hemocoel of fourth-instar M. sexta at doses of 150 and 85 ~ug/g body weight.
Faculty socialization : Lessons learned from urban Black colleges

This article examines the socialization experience of African American faculty at urban Black colleges. Specifically, this qualitative study explored influences and barriers in the socialization experience of African American tenure-track and tenured faculty in the social sciences and humanities at two urban Black colleges. Clear institutional values and expectations, which were learned formally and informally, were an influential component of the socialization process. Senior faculty, written publications, and department chairs informed new faculty of the institutional values and expectations for promotion and tenure. However, a perceived barrier in the socialization process was that senior faculty were not informing new faculty about the ropes of the institution. New faculty indicated they had to learn the ropes of the institution through trial and error. Nonetheless, this perceived barrier did not significantly detract from the overall positive socialization experience of faculty at the urban Black col...
Algorithmic and consultative integration of transfusion medicine and coagulation: a personalized medicine approach with reduced blood component utilization.

Background. Therapy customized for the individual patient defines personalized medicine. Current transfu - sion therapy is performed primarily using general guidelines such as keeping the platelet count at >100,000/µL, the INR at ≤1.7 and fibrinogen at >100mg/dL for patients undergoing surgery. Objective: The purpose of this report is to provide an algorithmic and consultative approach for the delivery of person - alized and targeted blood component, blood derivative, and recombinant therapies in order to minimize unnecessary exposure to such therapies and to deliver an optimal risk-benefit ratio for a particular patient. Methods: The initiative involved a step-wise process that included: 1. establishing "triggers" to alert and permit the clinical pathologist to intervene in the utilization of blood components for a given patient in the context of the blood bank inventory; 2. developing algorithms for the assessment of the patient's procoagulant/anticoagulant status so that appropriate blood component, derivative, and/or recombinant therapies could be instituted while minimizing the risk of thrombophilia; 3. a real time assessment and interpretation of the coagulation data so that dialogue between the pathologist and the patient's clinical team could be effected 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; and 4. monitoring the outcome of these efforts by comparing blood component utilization prior to or during development, early implemen - tation and following full implementation of the program. Results: "Triggers" (i.e., administration of six units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or ten units of cryoprecipitate or two single donor (apheresis) platelets in a 24-hour period) were approved. A diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm was con- structed, with multidisciplinary input to assist in defining the coagulopathy contributing to the patient's microvascular bleeding in the adult cardiac surgery/cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) and the adult intensive care unit (AICU). Monitoring of utilization, prior to or during development, early implementation and following full implementation of this initiative, revealed a decline in the number of units of FFP, cryoprecipitate and single donor (apheresis) plate- lets administered. Conclusion: We report on the successful development of a model - based on the algorithmic and consultative integration of transfusion medicine and coagulation - that customizes blood component, derivative, and recombinant therapies appropriate for an individual patient's need, resulting in targeted transfusion therapy and as- sociated with reduced blood component utilization.
A base ecológica dos cacicados amazônicos

Os cacicados encontrados na Amazonia na epoca do primeiro contato europeu tem se tornado objeto de crescente interesse antropologico. Esse artigo inicia por discutir as varias teorias que tem sido propostas para explica-los, incluindo aquelas de Julian Steward, Betty Meggers e Clifford Evans, Donald Lathrap e Anna Roosevelt. Depois de descrever as varias teorias, o autor apresenta sua propria, que enfatiza fatores ecologicos, incluindo a guerra. Atencao e dada a importante distincao entre terra firme e varzea. O foco entao se volta para a arqueologia da ilha de Marajo, cuja interpretacao tem sido ardorosamente disputada. O artigo conclui com a discussao mais detalhada por parte do autor sobre a formacao de cacicados, apresentando duas teorias similares, mas de certa forma diferentes, sobre como cacicados emergiram, e dando suas proprias razoes para favorecer uma delas.
The Advertising and Marketing Mandates of the Attorney General Tobacco Settlement

The multibillion dollar settlement between several tobacco companies and a consortium of attorney generals in the late 1990s was a high water mark for public enforcement of national health standards. This paper chronicles the settlement and analyzes the legal and political forces that made it happen.
Teaching Domestic Violence in the New Millennium Intersectionality as a Framework for Social Change

This article describes an intersectional approach to teaching about domestic violence (DV), which aims to empower students as critical thinkers and agents of change by merging theory, service learning, self-reflection, and activism. Three intersectional strategies and techniques for teaching about DV are discussed: promoting difference-consciousness, complicating gender-only power frameworks, and organizing for change. The author argues that to empower future generations to end violence, educators should put intersectionality into action through their use of scholarship, teaching methods, and pedagogical authority. Finally, the benefits and challenges of intersectional pedagogy for social justice education are considered.
A Second Source of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Maize Induced by the Nuclear Gene Iojap

Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) was found in plants derived from the F2 progeny of fertile, normal cytoplasm plants of the inbred R181 pollinated with a genetic stock carrying the recessive nuclear gene, iojap. The male sterile plants were maintained by back-crossing with the inbred W182BN which maintains all known sources of cytoplasmic male sterility. The new male sterile progeny were found to exhibit stable male sterility under field conditions in two environments. However, they were partially fertile in the hot, dry summer of 1983 at Aurora, NY. It was found that these lines were restored by lines that characteristically restore cms S group cytoplasms. Pollen phenotype studies indicated that the restoration was gametophytic in nature, also characteristic of the cms S group. Agarose gel electrophoresis of undigested mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from these steriles indicated that these lines have the S-1 and S-2 episomes characteristic of the cms S group. Restriction endonuclease digest patterns of mtDNA from these sterile lines digested with BamH I indicated that these steriles fit into the CA subgroup of the cms S group. The new source of cms has been designated cms Ij-1.
The Market Mechanism, Externalities, and Land Economics

The literature on external economies, diseconomies, and indivisibilities is related to past, present, and emerging land management problems. A definition of externalities and indivisibilities is provided and applied to problems of quality, common property resources, and outdoor recreation. Criteria for the evaluation of land management institutions are suggested and discussed. Current and past research efforts are examined in light of the perspective provided by the article. It is suggested that both the tools of neoclassical economics and the relevance of institutional economics might be combined profitably in the study of land economics problems. It was concluded that historical research efforts have tended to be polarized: the production economics-oriented group has been heavily oriented toward the internal aspects of individual firm theory; traditional land economists, while working on relevant problems, have not always made the best of existing theory in the evaluation of land management institutions.
Extreme Air Pollution in Global Megacities

Air quality in the world’s most populous cities (megacities) impacts a sizeable proportion of the global population. Projected population increases in urban areas over the coming decades underscore the importance of understanding the sources, variations, and impacts of air pollution. While some megacities experience episodic extreme events, in others, extremely degraded air quality is chronic. In this review, we assess recent findings on the impacts of extreme air pollution, which we define as concentrations exceeding international guidelines. We highlight recent research on pollution and growth trends in the most populous megacities. We then emphasize important new methods for monitoring air pollution exposure, such as satellite-based estimates, and suggest future needs, including a more comprehensive understanding of the health and economic impacts. The primary conclusion to emerge is that, globally, while the extreme air pollution burden is highest in megacities in developing countries, significant gaps remain in our understanding.
Ascertainment of the Archetype Statistical Method for Incident Rate Forecasting Through Forecast Performance Evaluations

The potential benefits of a safety program are generally, only realized after an incident has occurred. Resource allocation in an organization’s safety program has the imperative task of balancing costs and often unrealized benefits. Management can be wary to allocate additional resources to a safety program because it is difficult to estimate the return on investment, especially since the returns are a set of negative outcomes not manifested.One way that safety professionals can provide an estimate of potential return on investment is to forecast how the organizations incident rate can be affected by implementing the different resource allocation strategies, and what the expectation for the incident rate would have been without intervention. Safety professionals often trend the performance of their organization’s safety program by benchmarking incident rates against other organizations. Previous studies have employed different statistical forecasting methods to predict how incident rates will react to changes in resource allocation.This paper analyzes the performance of four statistical forecasting methods employed in previous resource allocation studies along another statistical forecasting method, never before used for incident rate prediction, to ascertain the method that provides the highest level of forecast accuracy. By identifying the most accurate forecasting method, the uncertainty of which method a safety professional should utilize for incident rate prediction is reduced. Incident data from the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) Part 50, was used to forecast both short and long term incident rates. The performance of each of these forecasting methods were evaluated against one another to determine which method has the highest level of accuracy, lowest bias, and best complexity-adjusted goodness-of-fit metrics.Evaluation of the performance provides indications that the double exponential smoothing statistical forecasting method can provide the most accurate incident rate predictions. Analysis of forecast bias indicated that the error for the double exponential smoothing method is unbiased, within the acceptable range for tracking signal, and had a level of prediction accuracy above 70%. The results of this observational study indicate that the double exponential smoothing method should be the method to consider for incident rate prediction. Consistent use of the same forecasting methodology amongst safety professionals as part of their safety program’s resource allocation process, will allow for more consistent benchmarking of incident rate prediction.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract 19386: Adaptive Upregulation of MicroRNA-146b Following Surgical Ischemia-Reperfusion Attenuates Myocardial Inflammation

Introduction: Using a comparative biology approach we prioritized microRNAs (miRs) deregulated by surgical myocardial I/R. We hypothesized that in vitro overexpression of miR-146b is cardioprotective following simulated I/R through attenuation of NF-kB mediated inflammation. Finally, we compared two delivery methods of miR modulators - chemical transfection versus nanoparticle-bound. Methods: 1) miR expression analysis - microarray of myocardium from 2 models of I/R: a) rats - cardioplegic arrest (CA) or deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and 24h reperfusion, or sham; 2 rat strains with different susceptibilities to myocardial I/R used - Brown Norway (BN) and Dahl Salt Sensitive (DSS); b) pigs - CA or DHCA and 6h reperfusion, or sham (N=4/group). Deregulated miRs (FDR Results: Robust post I/R miR-146b upregulation conserved across species, experimental conditions, and reperfusion timepoints (Fig, A). Different miR-146b expression between rat strains (BN vs DSS) corresponded to severity of myocardial injury. miR-146b overexpression attenuated IRAK 1, TRAF6 and NF-kB p65 upregulation following simulated I/R (Fig, B), resulting in improved cardiomyocyte viability (Fig, C). Nanoparticles show superior transfection efficiency to chemical methods in vitro, and early extravascular myocardial distribution. Conclusion: miR-146b may exert inhibitory feedback on NF-kB activation through effects on key regulatory elements IRAK1 and TRAF6 with potential cardioprotective roles.
Energy-Efficient Coordination of Multiple-UAV Systems

In this paper we address the problem of planning the motion of several independent aircraft, with the objective of reducing a measure of the overall cost of motion (e.g., fuel consumption). To this purpose, the aircraft are willing to coordinate their motion, for example by temporarily joining a formation with others, if and when appropriate. However, since joining other aircraft in a formation might require a detour from the current objective, and as a consequence a “longer” path, it must first be established that the detour will actually result in a reduced expenditure in terms of energy consumption or other meaningful cost. Analyzing this issue is the main purpose of this paper. Formation flight will not be imposed a priori on the system, but the decision to join a formation is entirely characterized as the optimal solution to an cost minimization problem. We will present and discuss the complete solution for two-aircraft systems; based on this, we will develop a distributed algorithm for use with systems composed of several aircraft, with communication constraints. Simulation examples are presented.
Usenet.com Lawsuit: Assessing Liability

This article discusses the legal implications of peer-to-peer file-sharing on Usenet. It focuses on the copyright law issues and the current pending litigation between the RIAA and Usenet.com.
Augmented mesenteric and renal vasoconstriction during exercise in senescent Fischer 344 rats.

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that vasoconstriction in the mesenteric and renal circulations is greater at both submaximal and maximal exercise intensities with advancing age...
Kochsalz und Hypertonie

Die Tatsache, das Salzentzug bei der essentiellen Hypertonie haufig mit Blutdrucksenkung einhergeht, wurde um die Jahrhundertwende beschrieben. Ob dies ein spezifischer Effekt ist oder dies durch die damit einhergehende Gewichtsverminderung herbeigefuhrt wird, ist unbekannt. Veranderungen des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems scheinen fur das Verstandnis der auslosenden Noxe nicht allzu wichtig zu sein. Hamodynamische Untersuchungen zeigen Erhohung der peripheren (arteriellen) Resistenz. Es konnten Rattenstamme mit einer Anlage zur Hypertonie gezuchtet werden, die durch Salzzulagen demaskiert wird. Beim Menschen deutet das Vorhandensein eines angeborenen erhohten Verlangens nach Salz auf genetische Momente hin. Dies fuhrt zu vermehrtem Salzgehalt des Korpers, besonders auch der Arterien. Die Hypothese wird zur Diskussion gestellt, das der erhohte Salzgehalt der Arterienwand durch den stimulierenden Effekt von Salz zur erhohten peripheren Resistenz und dadurch zum Hochdruck fuhrt.
Random mucosal biopsies in the evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the bladder.

AbstractThe management of patients with recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has posed a constant dilemma to the practicing urologist. Previously, urine cytologies have been used and have been of value only in those instances in which they have been classified as diagnostic. Cytologies that reveal atypia or a high degree of suspicion have offered little help in the management of these patients.The current procedure of doing random mucosal biopsies using the cold cup biopsy forceps provides the pathologist with a sampling of the mucosa of the involved bladder so that a tissue diagnosis of sufficient magnitude, ranging from atypia to carcinoma in situ to frank carcinoma, may be established. This information may become valuable in determining alternate forms of management in these patients and may have a greater predictive value than customary urine cytology.
Ureteral Triplication, Contralateral Duplication and Bilateral Extra Vesical Ectopic Ureter

A case of ureteral triplication associated with contralateral ureteral duplication and bilateral extravesical ectopic ureter is reported. The child presented with urinary incontinence. The incidence, classification and embryology of triplication are reviewed.
Rigor in Grounded Theory Research: An Interpretive Perspective on Generating Theory from Qualitative Field Studies

This chapter presents a set of principles for the use of Grounded Theory techniques in qualitative field studies. Some issues and controversies relating to rigor in Grounded Theory generation are discussed. These include: inductive theory generation and emergence, how theoretical saturation may be judged, the extent to which coding schemes should be formalized, the objectivistsubjectivist debate, and the assessment of quality and rigor in interpretive research. It is argued that Grounded Theory is often criticized for a lack of rigor because we apply positivist evaluations of rigor to research that derives from an interpretive worldview. Alternative assessments of rigor are suggested, that emphasize reflexivity in the inductive-deductive cycle of substantive theory
A Theoretical Model of Sources of Physician Error

A generic servomechanism (Fig. 1) is a useful analogy to explore sources of medical errors. In a servomechanism we distinguish the following elements: (1) an”integrator regulatory center” which exerts positive or negative controlling influences on (2) an”effector organ” whose output can be expressed in terms of (3) a”controlled variable” whose value at any point in time is measured by (4) a”detector” connected to (5) a”feedback network” which transmits measured values to the integrator center (6) a”set point of reference” and (7) information received from”other feedback loops.”
Use of C4d as a diagnostic tool to classify membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Abstract Background Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN type I, II and III) was reclassified in 2013 as MPGN and C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) based on the complement system activation mechanism. Objectives To evaluate whether C4d, a component of the classical pathway, could be a diagnostic tool in differentiating between MPGN and C3G. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 15 MPGN type I, II and III and 13 minimal change disease (MCD) patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2012. C4d staining using the peroxidase method was employed. Results Using the 2013 C3G consensus classification, the 15 MPGN types I, II and III biopsies were re-classified as MPGN (8) and C3G (7). Following C4d staining, of the 8 biopsies diagnosed as MPGN, 4 had classical pathway involvement [C1q (+), C3 (+), C4d (+)]; two had lectin pathway involvement [C1q (−), C3 (+), C4d (+)]; and, two were reclassified as C3G because the absence of C4d and C1q suggested the presence of the alternative pathway [C1q (−), C3 (+), C4d (−)]. Three of the seven C3G biopsies presented classical pathway involvement and were reclassified as MPGN. The alternative pathway was present in one of the other 4 biopsies considered to be C3G. Two C3G biopsies involved the lectin pathway and the one case of dense deposit disease had lectin pathway involvement. Conclusions C4d staining may help to differentiate between MPGN and C3G. In addition, the lectin pathway could play a role in the pathogenesis of these glomerulopathies.
Perceptions and beliefs related to cancer care among African-American and Caucasian patients

8518 Background: Without a clear understanding of belief systems and cultures it is not possible to provide optimal care to ethnic minority individuals. This study examined perceptions and beliefs ...
The effect of demographics and socio-economic factors on survival in unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) population study.

e15117 Background: To investigate long-term survival in patients with unresectable ICC based on socio-demographic factors in a large-scale population study. Methods: The US Surveillance, Epidemiolo...
A classification-based approach to the patella in revision total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Background There is a paucity of data to guide management of the patella in revision total knee arthroplasty (RTKA). The purpose of this study was to review our experience with patellar management in RTKA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 422 consecutive RTKAs at a minimum of 2 years (mean, 42 months). Patellar management was guided by a classification that considered stability, size, and position of the implanted patellar component, thickness/quality of remaining bone stock, and extensor mechanism competence. Results Management in 304 aseptic revisions included retention of a well-fixed component in 212 (69.7%) and revision using an all-polyethylene component in 46 (15.1%). Patella-related complications included 5 extensor mechanism ruptures (1.6%), 3 cases of patellar maltracking (1.0%), and 2 periprosthetic patellar fractures (0.7%). Of 118 2-stage revisions for infection, an all-polyethylene component was used in 88 (74.6%), patelloplasty in 20 (16.9%), and patellectomy in 7 (5.9%). Patella-related complications included 4 cases of patellar maltracking (3.4%), 3 extensor mechanism ruptures (2.5%), and 1 periprosthetic patellar fracture (0.8%). Conclusions Septic revisions required concomitant lateral releases more frequently (38.1% vs 10.9%; P P = .40). No cases required rerevision specifically for failure of the patellar component. Patients who had a patelloplasty had worse postoperative Knee Society functional scores than those with a retained or revised patellar component. In most aseptic RTKAs, a well-fixed patellar component can be retained. If revision is required, a standard polyethylene component is sufficient in most septic and aseptic revisions. Rerevisions related to the patellar component are infrequent.
Teacher Attrition in Special Education: Perspectives From the Field:

In the field of special education, attrition plays a major role in a persistent teacher shortage problem. Over the past few decades, researchers in general education and special education have inve...
Spectra of turbulently advected scalars that have small Schmidt number

Exact statistical equations (ESEs) allow precise direct numerical simulation (DNS) quantification. ESEs reveal quantities determining deviations from asymptotic relationships. Here, ESEs for small Schmidt-number scalar advection, in general and asymptotic cases, are obtained and compared with DNSs.
Baseline Susceptibility of Tobacco Hornworms (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) to Acephate, Methomyl and Spinosad in Georgia

The tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.), is a serious defoliating pest of flue-cured tobacco in Georgia. Isolated producer reports of increased difficulty in controlling this pest with standard in...
Neutrinoless double-β decay in effective field theory: The light-Majorana neutrino-exchange mechanism

We present the first chiral effective theory derivation of the neutrinoless double-β decay nn→pp potential induced by light Majorana neutrino exchange. The effective-field-theory framework has allowed us to identify and parametrize short- and long-range contributions previously missed in the literature. These contributions cannot be absorbed into parametrizations of the single-nucleon form factors. Starting from the quark and gluon level, we perform the matching onto chiral effective field theory and subsequently onto the nuclear potential. To derive the nuclear potential mediating neutrinoless double-β decay, the hard, soft, and potential neutrino modes must be integrated out. This is performed through next-to-next-to-leading order in the chiral power counting, in both the Weinberg and pionless schemes. At next-to-next-to-leading order, the amplitude receives additional contributions from the exchange of ultrasoft neutrinos, which can be expressed in terms of nuclear matrix elements of the weak current and excitation energies of the intermediate nucleus. These quantities also control the two-neutrino double-β decay amplitude. Finally, we outline strategies to determine the low-energy constants that appear in the potentials, by relating them to electromagnetic couplings and/or by matching to lattice QCD calculations.
Leaderless Resistance and the Truly Leaderless: A Case Study Test of the Literature-Based Findings

The literature on leaderless resistance is conceptually cloudy. Nevertheless, such literature has bounded the theoretical framework of leaderless resistance around four criteria. These criteria are...
BLOCK OF SODIUM CHANNELS BY INTERNALLY APPLIED DRUGS: TWO RECEPTORS FOR TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY AMINE COMPOUNDS?

Publisher Summary This chapter describes two receptors for tertiary and quaternary amine compounds. QX-222 and QX-314 are two quaternary analogs of the local anesthetic lidocaine. Both of these membrane-impermeant compounds act identically and are effective only from the axoplasmic side. QX-314 is not very potent inside a resting axon, but block is greatly enhanced by repetitive stimulation with depolarizing voltage pulses. The stronger the block is, the larger the pulse amplitude and the rapidity of block grow with rate of stimulation would be. Recovery from this voltage- or stimulation-dependent block is slow at rest, but more rapid if stimulation is continued at a lower rate and with voltage pulses of smaller amplitude. This finding and others have led to the suggestion that sodium channels need to be open in order for quaternary drug to combine with the receptor. Like quaternary lidocaine, quaternary strychnine is effective only from the axoplasmic side.
Multimodality Imaging Review of Normal Appearance and Complications of the Postoperative Rotator Cuff.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this article is to provide a multimodality imaging review of the imaging features of the postoperative rotator cuff, including a discussion of the most common complicati...
Pyro: an integrated environment for robotics education

Pyro, which stands for Python Robotics, is a Python-based robotics programming environment that enables students to explore topics in robotics. Programming robot behaviors in Pyro is akin to programming in a high-level general purpose programming language; Pyro provides abstractions for low-level robot-specific features much like the abstractions provided in high-level programming languages. Consequently, robot control programs written for a small robot (such as K-Team's hockey puck sized, infrared-based Khepera robot) can be used, without any modifications, to control a much larger robot (such as ActivMedia's human-scale, laser-based PeopleBot). This represents an advance over previous robot programming methodologies in which robot programs were written for specific motor controllers, sensors, communications protocols and other low-level features. Programming robot behaviors is carried out using the programming language Python, which enables several additional pedagogical benefits. We have developed an extensive set of robot programming modules, modeling techniques, and learning materials that can be used in graduate and undergraduate curricula in a variety of ways.
Distributed mixture-of-experts for Big Data using PETUUM framework

Today, organizations are beginning to realize the importance of using as much data as possible for decision-making in their strategy. The finding of relevant patterns in enormous amount of data requires automatic machine learning algorithms, among them, a popular option is the mixture-of-experts that allows to model data using a set of local experts. The problem of using typical learning algorithms over Big Data is the handling of these large datasets in primary memory. In this paper, we propose a methodology to learn a mixture-of-experts in a dis­tributed way using PETUUM platform. Particularly, we propose to learn the parameters of mixture-of-experts by adapting the standard stochastic gradient descent in a distributed way. This methodology is applied to people detection with standard real datasets considering accuracy and precision metrics among other. The results show a consistent performance of mixture-of-experts models where the best number of experts varies according to the particular dataset. We also evidence the advantages of the distributed approach by showing the almost linear decreasing of average training time according to the number of processors. In a future work, we expect to apply this methodology to mixture-of-experts with embedded variable selection.
Empirical Modelling of Population Time Series Data: The Case of Age and Density Dependent Vital Rates

The total numbers of births and deaths in a population are given at discrete equispaced time intervals. It is assumed that the birth and death rates depend on age, the population size and possibly time. Further it is assumed that the rates fluctuate randomly from individual to individual. The problem is to estimate average birth and death rates and the age structure of the evolving population. Results are presented for a population of sheep blow-flies maintained under stable conditions for a two year period (361 observations) by A. J. Nicholson.
Half-life and rate of synthesis of globin messenger ribonucleic acid. Determination of half-life of messenger ribonucleic acid and its relative synthetic rate in erythroid cells.

The specific radioactivity of mouse globin mRNA in blood reticulocytes was measured after injection of [ 3 H]uridine into anaemic mice up to 60h before collection of reticulocytes. From these data, the decay of the acid-soluble nucleotide pool in the marrow and the relative marrow-cell composition it is possible to build models that allow the cell life-times and half-life of mRNA in the erythroid cells of the marrow to be calculated. Best fit of models to these data favour a model with either one or two cell divisions from the onset of mRNA synthesis. The single-cell-division model has cell times of 20, 13 and 7h respectively for the basophilic erythroblast, polychromatophilic erythroblast and reticulocyte. The two-cell-division model has cell times of 12, 12, 12 and 7h for the basophilic erythroblast 1 and 2, polychromatophilic erythroblast and reticulocyte respectively. Both models have an mRNA half-life of 17h and a constant rate of mRNA synthesis until enucleation at the reticulocyte stage, when synthesis stops. A declining rate of mRNA synthesis can be accommodated in a two-cell-division model, when synthesis halves at each cell division and cell times are essentially the same as above, but mRNA half-life is either 9h in the basophilic and polychromatophilic erythroblasts and 17h in the later cells, or 10h in the basophilic erythroblasts and polychromatophilic erythroblasts and 14.5h in later cells. In all cases it is clear that mRNA synthesis occurs over a time-period of only 30–36h and that mRNA cannot be pre-synthesized in precursor erythroid cells.
Regional dialect and talker sex information in high-frequency region

High-pass filtering, in which the higher frequencies are retained and the lower frequencies are eliminated, has not been used in speech perception research as often as low-pass filtering because most intelligibility cues have been assumed to reside in the low-frequency region, up to 4 kHz (French and Steinberg, 1947). Recent research provided new evidence that listeners can also utilize high-frequency energy in the perception of voice, talker sex, and speech characteristics such as naturalness, pleasantness, and clarity, which improves speaker and word recognition in noise. Given the potential for the existence of accessible linguistic and paralinguistic information, the current study asks whether perception of regional dialect can be influenced by spectral content in the high-frequency region, and how robust this information is—in males and females—when low-frequency cues are unavailable. Listeners from Ohio heard phrases produced by males and females from Ohio and Western North Carolina high-pass filtered at 700, 1175, 1973, 3312, and 5560 Hz. Each higher filter provided increasingly fewer cues about dialect whereas sex identification remained relatively high. Female speech provided significantly more dialect cues than male speech when more spectral information was available (filter cut-offs at 1175 and 1973 Hz, but not at 700 Hz).High-pass filtering, in which the higher frequencies are retained and the lower frequencies are eliminated, has not been used in speech perception research as often as low-pass filtering because most intelligibility cues have been assumed to reside in the low-frequency region, up to 4 kHz (French and Steinberg, 1947). Recent research provided new evidence that listeners can also utilize high-frequency energy in the perception of voice, talker sex, and speech characteristics such as naturalness, pleasantness, and clarity, which improves speaker and word recognition in noise. Given the potential for the existence of accessible linguistic and paralinguistic information, the current study asks whether perception of regional dialect can be influenced by spectral content in the high-frequency region, and how robust this information is—in males and females—when low-frequency cues are unavailable. Listeners from Ohio heard phrases produced by males and females from Ohio and Western North Carolina high-pass filter...
Do Islamic Banks Engage in Less Earnings Management

Using a sample of Islamic Banks and their matched commercial Banks in 11 countries, I find that first; Islamic Banks are less likely to conduct earnings management as measured by both earnings loss...
Influence of prenatal transportation stress on innate immune response to an endotoxin challenge in weaned Brahman bull calves

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of prenatal stress (PNS) on innate immune responses to an endotoxin challenge in weaned bull calves. Altered innate immune response to lipopo...
Effect of Silica Fume and Slump-Retaining Polycarboxylate-Based Dispersant on the Development of Properties of Portland Cement Paste

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of silica fume (SF), a slump-retaining polycarboxylate ether (PCE) dispersant, and their combinations, on the fresh and hardened properties of ordinary portland cement paste. The investigated properties include hydration kinetics, rheological properties (i.e., plastic viscosity and yield stress), setting time, and compressive strength. Cement was partially replaced by SF at mass substitution levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The PCE dosages included 0%, 0.6%, 1.2%, 1.8%, and 2.4%, by mass of the binder. The results indicate that SF accelerates cement hydration rates and reduces the time of initial/final setting in relation to its content in the paste. This is due to the provision of additional C-S-H nucleation sites on SF surfaces. However, when PCE is present, such enhancement induced by SF is suppressed. In addition to enhancing cement hydration rate, SF reduces inter-particle spacing, thus amplifying rheological properties. In contrast, PCE reduces viscosity and yield stress. Both SF and PCE reduce 1-day compressive strength due to the effects of cement dilution (caused by SF) and the suppression of early-age hydration kinetics of cement (caused by PCE). The 7-day compressive strength, however, are broadly the same among the binary pastes; this is because the acceleratory and retarding effects of SF and PCE, respectively, are less pronounced at later ages. Finally, robust correlations between hydration kinetics, rheological properties, and compressive strength evolution are established. Those correlations can provide a basis for optimizing binder formulation and proportioning of high/ultra-high performance concrete.
Analysis and design of surface permanent magnet synchronous motor and generator

This paper presents an analytical method to design the high-efficiency surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) or generator (SPMSG). The air-gap and permanent magnet size can be approximately determined based on our mathematics model, which is the most important part of SPMSM design. From our method, we can know that motor's power out torque is related to the torque angle that we selected in our design and it affects the air-gap and permanent magnet size. If we choose a low torque angle, the motor or generator's overload power handing capability will increase. The embrace value has a vital place in designing a motor or generator due to its effects on air gap flux density, cogging torque, efficiency and so on. In order to avoid the knee effect, the working point of the permanent magnet we selected in the design should be bigger than 0.5. The developed 36 slots, 4 poles, surface mound permanent generator is proposed. The corresponding finite element analysis (FEA) model is built based on our design method. Structure optimization includes stator and rotor structure size, permanent magnet size, magnetic bridge and air gap length which are analyzed and simulated by ANSYS Maxwell 2D FEA. Thermal analysis is conducted, and the housing of the alternator is designed. The alternator prototype is fabricated and tested based on our design.