cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of tracheobronchial granular cell myoblastomas with endoscopic bipolar cautery.

Granular cell myoblastomas of the trachea and right upper lobe bronchus were discovered incidentally during therapeutic bronchoscopy. Because of their propensity to cause airway compromise and distal atelectasis, ablation of both lesions was undertaken. This is the first reported case of bipolar cautery of GCM through a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. Small tumor size and lack of atelectasis permitted utilization of this technique. Long-term follow-up is necessary to compare this therapy with other nonresectional therapies. (Chest 1989; 96:427–29)
Positive Fluorescent Selection Permits Precise, Rapid, and In-Depth Overexpression Analysis in Plant Protoplasts

Transient genetic modification of plant protoplasts is a straightforward and rapid technique for the study of numerous aspects of plant biology. Recent studies in metazoan systems have utilized cell-based assays to interrogate signal transduction pathways using high-throughput methods. Plant biologists could benefit from new tools that expand the use of cell culture for large-scale analysis of gene function. We have developed a system that employs fluorescent positive selection in combination with flow cytometric analysis and fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate responses in the transformed protoplasts exclusively. The system overcomes the drawback that transfected protoplast suspensions are often a heterogeneous mix of cells that have and have not been successfully transformed. This Gateway-compatible system enables high-throughput screening of genetic circuitry using overexpression. The incorporation of a red fluorescent protein selection marker enables combined utilization with widely available green fluorescent protein (GFP) tools. For instance, such a dual labeling approach allows cytometric analysis of GFP reporter gene activation expressly in the transformed cells or fluorescence-activated cell sorting-mediated isolation and downstream examination of overexpression effects in a specific GFP-marked cell population. Here, as an example, novel uses of this system are applied to the study of auxin signaling, exploiting the red fluorescent protein/GFP dual labeling capability. In response to manipulation of the auxin response network through overexpression of dominant negative auxin signaling components, we quantify effects on auxin-responsive DR5::GFP reporter gene activation as well as profile genome-wide transcriptional changes specifically in cells expressing a root epidermal marker.
U-sequence in electrostatic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

In this paper, the presence of U (Universal)-sequence (a sequence of periodic windows that appear beyond the period doubling (PD) route to chaos) in electrostatic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is reported. The MEM system is first brought to a nonlinear steady state by the application of a large dc bias close to the dynamic pull-in voltage of the device. An ac voltage (the bifurcation parameter) is next applied to the system and increased gradually. A sequence of PD bifurcations leading to chaos is observed for resonant and superharmonic excitations (frequency of the ac voltage). On further increase in the ac voltage (beyond where chaos sets in), U -sequence is observed in the system. Under superharmonic excitation, the sequence is found to be a modified form of the U -sequence referred to as the ‘ UM -sequence’ in this paper. The appearance of a periodic window with K oscillations per period or K -cycles in the normal U -sequence is replaced by a corresponding periodic window with KM -cycles in the UM -sequence. M stands for the M th superharmonic frequency of excitation. The formation of the periodic windows from a chaotic state in the UM -sequence takes place through intermittent chaos as the ac voltage is gradually increased. On the other hand, the periodic states/cycles formed through intermittent chaos transform back into a chaotic state through the period doubling route. A sequence of period doubling bifurcations of the UM -sequence cycles result in the formation of -cycles in electrostatic MEMS. n corresponds to the n th period doubling bifurcation in the sequence. A simplified mass–spring–damper (MSD) model for MEMS is used to understand the physical mechanism that gives rise to these nonlinear dynamic properties in MEMS. The nonlinear nature of the electrostatic force acting on the MEM device is found to be responsible for the reported observations.
Changes in emergency department coverage for the neurologist

The role of the neurologist in the emergency department (ED) is constantly evolving and has become more diversified in recent times. This article gives an overview of different practice models that neurologists are employing to cover ED calls. A review of billing and coding for ED visits is also discussed.
Managing offshore wind developments in the United States: Legal, environmental and social considerations using a case study in Nantucket Sound

Offshore wind power is a rapidly emerging form of energy generation that is now being proposed in the United States (US). This type of renewable energy intends to provide many types of benefits, including reduced dependency on fossil fuels, improved air quality, and a hedge against volatile price fluctuations in electricity markets. However, the US has not yet addressed some of the legal and regulatory issues that are associated with this new form of energy production. Although certain federal and state laws currently apply to such projects, legal gaps exist. In addition, there are unresolved environmental, social, and planning issues that must be addressed before widescale development of offshore wind occurs in US waters. Here, we discuss these issues through a case study in Nantucket Sound, off the coast of Massachusetts, USA.
Spatially Resolved Thermal Continuum Absorption against Supernova Remnant W49B

We present subarcminute resolution imaging of the Galactic supernova remnant W49B at 74 MHz (25'') and 327 MHz (6''), the former being the lowest frequency at which the source has been resolved. While the 327 MHz image shows a shell-like morphology similar to that seen at higher frequencies, the 74 MHz image is considerably different, with the southwest region of the remnant almost completely attenuated. The implied 74 MHz optical depth (≈1.6) is much higher than the intrinsic absorption levels seen inside two other relatively young remnants, Cas A and the Crab Nebula, nor are natural variations in the relativistic electron energy spectra expected at such levels. The geometry of the absorption is also inconsistent with intrinsic absorption. We attribute the absorption to extrinsic free-free absorption by an intervening cloud of thermal electrons. Its presence has already been inferred from the low-frequency turnover in the integrated continuum spectrum and from the detection of radio recombination lines toward the remnant. Our observations confirm the basic conclusions of those measurements, and our observations have resolved the absorber into a complex of classical H II regions surrounded either partially or fully by low-density H II gas. We identify this low-density gas as an extended H II region envelope (EHE), whose statistical properties were inferred from low-resolution meter- and centimeter-wavelength recombination line observations. Comparison of our radio images with H I and H2CO observations shows that the intervening thermal gas is likely associated with neutral and molecular material as well. This EHE may be responsible for the enhanced radio-wave scattering seen in the general direction of the W49 complex.
Hemodynamic determinants of subdiaphragmatic venous return during closed-chest CPR in a canine cardiac arrest model.

Objective: To assess the hemodynamic determinates of peripheral subdiaphragmatic venous-to-right-heart return during closed-chest CPR. Model: Seven anesthetized dogs subjected to electrically induced ventricular fibrillation for five minutes. Interventions: Conventional closed-chest CPR and closed-chest CPR with continuous abdominal binding at a chest compression rate of 60 per minute, a compression-to-relaxation ratio of 50:50, and a ventilation-to-compression ratio of 1:5. Methods: Solid-state catheters were positioned in the ascending aorta, right atrium (RA), and inferior vena cava (IVC). Cannulating electromagnetic flow probes were inserted into the IVC and a carotid artery. Analog-to-digital conversion was performed electronically. Five minutes after ventricular fibrillation was induced, interventions were performed in an alternating sequence. Systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures and flows were measured and compared. Statistical methods: Two-tailed, unpaired t test applied to equal sample size, linear regression analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Abdominal binding during CPR significantly increased ( P r = .86, P = .014), mean IVC pressure ( r = .80, P = .03), and carotid blood flow ( r = .99, P = .001) but not on the IVC-to-RA pressure gradient. With abdominal binding, venous return was not correlated with any study hemodynamic variable, including the peripheral venous-to-RA pressure gradient. Conclusion: Venous return from the subdiaphragmatic venous bed during CPR is dependent on venous pressure, not on the peripheral venous-to-right-heart pressure gradient. Abdominal binding during CPR does not affect venous return. Venous return during CPR diastole is highly dependent on central venous capacitance (left heart outflow during CPR systole).
Adsorption Studies on Clays III*: The Adsorption of Diphtheria Toxin by Activated Attapulgites, Halloysite, and Kaolin

A satisfactory method has been devised which makes it possible to determine the adsorptive capacities of clays for diphtheria toxin. Studies indicate that the activated attapulgites are superior adsorbents for the toxin than halloysite and kaolin. Activated attapulgite HVM was found to be the best adsorbent, seven times more effective than kaolin, and about twice that of halloysite. Studies on intestinal adsorbent suspensions indicate that the activated attapulgites should be investigated clinically as ingredients in these preparations.
Toward terabit networking, instrumentation, and signal processing using hybrid WDM-OTDM technologies

We utilize a novel hybrid wavelength division multiplexed, optical time division multiplexed (WDM-OTDM) model locked semiconductor laser for applications in ultrahigh data rate communication links, computer interconnects, and optical sampling applications. The key philosophy behind using a hybrid approach is that state-of-the-art system performance can be achieved without the necessity of operating at the limits of either a pure WDM or OTDM technology platform.
Development of a Mars dust characterization instrument

Abstract The atmosphere of Mars has a considerable load of suspended dust. Over time, this dust deposits out of the atmosphere. The mechanism and the temporal and geographical variation of this deposition are not well characterized. Measurements of settling rates and dust properties are of considerable scientific interest. Suspended dust affects the atmospheric solar absorption and thus the heat balance of Mars, as well as serving as nucleation sites for water and CO2 frost, while settled dust causes albedo changes across the surface; knowledge of dust properties is also of engineering interest to the design of mechanisms, solar arrays, and radiators. Two instruments have been designed and fabricated to measure the dust accumulation during the course of the Mars Pathfinder rover mission: a solar-cell coverglass transmission experiment to measure the change in optical opacity of a transparent coverglass as dust settles on the surface and a quartz crystal monitor to measure the mass of dust deposited on an oscillating quartz crystal as dust settles on the surface. An additional instrument, a CCD microscope to image individual dust particles is under development for flight on a future mission.
Scalar-Tensor Theory and Gravitational Waves

An analysis of general scalar-tensor gravitation theory, containing two arbitrary functions of the scalar field, is presented. The weak-field limit is considered in detail, and predictions for the classical tests of gravitation theory are derived. A definite relationship between the light propagation and perihelion shift effects is found to hold under very general conditions. The theory of the detection of gravitational waves is also investigated, and the observable differences between the scalar and tensor components are indicated. Finally, the relationship between the properties of the source and its radiation is considered in the weak-source limit, and expressions for the rate of energy loss are derived. It is shown that the existing observational data are consistent with the possibility that the scalar field represents a major component of gravitational radiation from astronomical sources.
An analysis of the factors influencing radiation dose and fluoroscopic time during renal artery stent placement.

Purpose:To determine the factors that affect mean absorbed dose and fluoroscopic times during renal artery stent placement. Materials andMethods:After institutional review board approval, the HI-IQ database was queried for patients undergoing renal artery stent placement only from January 2007 to June 2010. Procedures that were performed as part of other procedures such as iliac artery stents were excluded. The HI-IQ data included fluoroscopy time (f) and radiation dose (mGy). Demographic, medical history, procedural details, and advanced preprocedural renal artery stent imaging were obtained. Variables (number of stents, average body mass index , number of stents placed per year and number of years’ service of an interventional physician, pre-procedural imaging, and use of embolic protection device) were analyzed using a t test after log transformation and testing for variance with an F test.Results:A total of 134 patients (75 males, 70.6 ± 10.5 years old) underwent the placement of 177 renal artery sten...
Unexpected behavior of an inverted rye chromosome arm in wheat

Distal location of chiasmata in chromosome arms is thought to be a consequence of the distal initiation of synapsis. Observations of meiotic behavior of a rye chromosome with an inverted arm show that patterns of chiasma distribution and frequency are also inverted; therefore, the patterns of synapsis and chiasma distribution are independent, and recombination frequency along a chromosome is position-independent and segment-specific. Since cases of random distribution of chiasmata and recombination are known in rye, a genetic mechanism must be present that licenses specific chromosome regions for recombination. Large differences in the metaphase I pairing of the inversion in various combinations of two armed and telocentric chromosomes confirm the major role of the telomere bouquet in early homologue recognition. However, occasional synapsis and chiasmate pairing of the distal regions of normal arms with the proximal regions of the inversion suggest that an alternative mechanism for juxtaposing of homologues must also be present. Synapsis in inversion heterozygotes was mostly complete but in the antiparallel orientation, hence defying homology, but non-homologues never synapsed. Instances of synapsis strictly limited to the chiasma-capable segments of the arm suggest that, in rye, both recombination-dependent and recombination-independent mechanisms for homologue recognition must be present.
On isoperimetric surfaces in general relativity, II

Abstract We determine the optimal way to enclose volume in a class of domains inside certain Friedmann–Robertson–Walker metrics. The method employed is an adaptation of the Bray–Morgan isoperimetric comparison procedure to the Lorentzian setting. We also make some remarks on isoperimetric comparison in the Riemannian setting, for rotationally-symmetric space-like slices in non-vacuum space-times.
Gel-spun carbon nanotubes/polyacrylonitrile composite fibers. Part III: Effect of stabilization conditions on carbon fiber properties

Abstract The oxidative stabilization process of gel-spun carbon nanotube (CNT)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite fibers have been studied and optimized. Optimum stabilization time depends on both the applied tension and temperature. Various characterization methods including thermal shrinkage, dynamic mechanical analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and wide angle X-ray diffraction are used to monitor the chemical and structural evolution during stabilization and carbonization. The relationship between the stabilization conditions of CNT/PAN composite fiber and the tensile properties of the resulting carbon fibers were investigated. By optimizing stabilization conditions, CNT/PAN based carbon fibers with a tensile strength of 4 GPa and a tensile modulus of 286 GPa were obtained using batch carbonization processing at 1100 °C.
Are the low temperature-low frequency and high temperature-high frequency ac conductivity of glasses the same phenomenon?

Abstract AC conductivity (σ) of 61SiO 2 ·35Li 2 O·3Al 2 O 3 ·1P 2 O 5 glass is obtained in the frequency ( f ) range from 10 Hz to 100 kHz and temperature ( T ) from 4 to 300 K, and also in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 3 GHz at room temperature. The conductivity behaviors with slope ⋍ 1 of a log(σ) versus log( f ) plot in both low temperature-low frequency and high temperature-high frequency regions can be considered as the same phenomenon if one follows the empirical relationship σ = B ′ exp( αT ), where B ′ and α are experimentally determined constants. However, the asymmetric double-well potential (ADWP) model which has been successfully used for describing the low temperature-low frequency conductivity cannot explain the high temperature-high frequency conductivity satisfactorily without further modification.
Relaxational dynamics in supercooled liquids : experimental tests of the mode coupling theory

Abstract A brief review of the mode coupling theory of the liquid-glass transition is presented. The major experimental techniques that have been used to test its predictions are described. The results of these tests for five glass-forming materials are summarized along with a brief discussion of other materials currently under study.
Three new species of Senecio (Asteraceae) from Mexico

Senecio moranii, Senecio martirensis, andSenecio semperamatae, all from Mexico, are described as new.
The “Congressionalization” of state legislative races

Abstract This paper examines the phenomenon of the “Congressionalization” of state legislative races. That is, as state legislative campaigns become more expensive, use more mass media, polling, and professional political consulting, these races are looking more and more like Congressional campaigns. Although others have pointed toward a “Congressionalization” trend, there is little concrete support to prove such a trend. We provide a detailed case study of the characteristics of state legislative races in a single state in the mid-1990s. We find that although there is indeed support for the view that these races are looking more and more Congressional-like, state legislative races are still distinctive in a number of important ways.
Scale and the guild functional response: Density-dependent predation varies with plot size

The predator functional response is an important mechanism determining the persistence of prey species; however, little is known about the effects of spatial scale on the functional response. We used a manipulative field experiment to quantify the effects of plot size on the guild functional response on the clam Mercenaria mercenaria, replicating the experiment in the summer in Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, and in the spring and fall in Indian River Lagoon, Florida, to examine the effects of predator and alternative prey abundance. In Virginia, the predation rate increased with both patch size and predator density, and was described by a modified sigmoid Type III functional response model that incorporated the effects of patch size. In Florida in the spring, the predator functional response was a Type III and did not vary with plot size, but in the fall it was a linear Type I at small plot sizes, and a Type III at a larger plot size. We hypothesize that the difference is primarily driven by changes in predator abundance and species between sites. In showing that the functional response can vary with plot size and season, our results indicate that small-scale experiments do not always scale up spatially or temporally. We suggest that the predictive power of such experiments may be limited by the complexity of the food web.
New advances in time-aligned parallel WDM transmission

For ultra-high-speed single media parallel interconnects, an all optical single fiber WDM format of transmitting parallel bits rather than a fiber ribbon format-where parallel bits are sent through corresponding parallel fibers in a ribbon format, can be the media of choice. Here, we shall discuss the realization of a multi-km x gbytes/sec bit-parallel WDM (BP-WDM) single fiber link. The distance-speed product of this single fiber link is more than several orders of magnitude higher than that of a fiber ribbon link. The design of a 12 bit-parallel channels WDM system operating at 1 Gbit/sec per channel rate through a single fiber will first be presented. Experimental results for a two channel system operating at that rate are given. Further improvement of distance-speed product for the BP-WDM link can be obtained with JPL's newly developed 20 Gbits/sec per channel laser diode array transmitter. Also, new computer simulation results on how a large amplitude co-propagating pulse may induce pulse compression on all the co-propagating data pulses, thereby improving the shaping of these pulses for a WDM system, will be presented and discussed. The existence of WDM solitons is also shown.
Identification of galactitol and galactonate in red blood cells by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Abstract Background : Because the products of alternate pathways of galactose metabolism, galactitol and galactonate are important in galactosemia, we sought to identify these compounds in red blood cells (RBC). Methods : RBC extracts were trimethylsilylated (TMS) and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results : The presence of both galactitol and galactonate was identified in RBC of 15 galactosemic and 13 normal subjects by their mass spectra and chromatographic comparisons with both unlabeled and 13 C labeled standards. The levels in RBC of galactosemics appear to be much higher than those of normal subjects. Conclusion : The determination of these compounds in RBC along with galactose-1-phosphate (gal-1-P) in the same procedure provides the potential for their use in better monitoring of diet therapy in galactosemic patients.
Action of fenfluramine on voltage- gated K+ channels in human pulmonary-artery smooth-muscle cells

Use of the appetite suppressant fenfluramine is associated with an increased risk of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), which is characterised by raised pulmonary-artery pressure and vascular resistance. In pulmonary-artery smooth-muscle cells, the potassium currents through voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) are important determinants of membrane potential, intracellular free calcium (Ca) concentration, and pulmonary vascular tone. We have shown the whole-cell Kv currents and Kv channel mRNA expression are substantially decreased in pulmonary-artery smooth-muscle cells from patients with PPH compared with the cells from patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension. The results suggested that the decreased mRNA expression of the Kv channel subunit, Kv1.5, is an intrinsic feature of pulmonary-artery smoothmuscle cells in these patients. In animal experiments, fenfluramine (and other appetite suppressants) increases pulmonary-artery pressure, which is believed to be caused by inhibition of potassium-channel activity and membrane depolarisation. Native Kv channels are heteromultimers composed of pore-forming subunits and regulatory subunits. Kv1.5 is a Kv channel subunit gene which encodes a noninactivating or slowly-inactivating delayed rectify Kv channel in vascular smooth muscle cells. Kv 1.1 is a Kv channel subunit gene that encodes a 45 kDa protein that binds to Kv1.5 through N-terminal regions. Association of Kv and subunits decreased the amplitude and accelerates the inactivation of the Kv currents. Treatment with fenfluramine 200 μmol/L for 60–72 h of pulmonaryRESEARCH LETTERS
A Novel Metric and Feedback Template Improves Differential Diagnosis Formation Capabilities in Pre-Clinical Medical Students.

The ability to form an accurate differential diagnosis is of paramount importance to the physician in training, but is a skill often relegated to practice during the clinical years of the traditional medical school curriculum. Further complicating matters is the subjective nature of what constitutes an accurate differential and the fact that a widely accepted metric or template for feedback does not currently exist. Our group created a collaborative metric that assessed differential diagnosis formation and provided feedback to 47 first-year, pre-clinical medical students through their practice of various clinical vignettes as part of the Mayo Medical School Pathology course. We found that first-year students not only improved significantly in their ability to form a more accurate differential but also reported engagement in self-directed learning as well as developing positive attitudes toward early clinical integration. Given the importance of these skills for future physicians, and the successes of our intervention, we propose that such metrics be used for guiding feedback to students learning to create differentials in the early undergraduate medical curriculum.
Structure And Dynamics Of Molecular Clusters Via High Resolution IR Absorption Spectroscopy

The combination of high resolution ( -3 cm -1 ) cw tunable difference frequency generation (2.2-4.2 μm) with high sensitivity (10 -6 /√Hz) long path length absorption methods in pulsed slit supersonic jets has permitted spectroscopic investigation of many weakly bound molecular complexes. Discussion will focus on three complementary areas of experimentation. 1) Cluster formation in the molecular beam is probed via sub-Doppler, velocity resolved absorption profiles of monomer species. Spatially dependent beam clustering is strongly manifested through loss of monomer absorption intensity at line center. 2) IR spectra of simple van der Waals molecules such as ArHF are obtained in the υ 1 HF stretching region. Information on all modes in the complex is extracted. 3) IR spectra of hydrogen bonded complexes such as HFCO 2 are observed which exhibit large changes in average molecular geometry as a function of vibrational state. Surprisingly low intermolecular bending frequencies are evidenced in the spectra via hot bands, and provide dynamical information on coupled vibrational-rotational motion in floppy molecular systems.
The Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale (FrSBe) as a predictor of community integration following a traumatic brain injury.

Primary objective: This study examined the relationships between the Frontal Systems Behaviour Scale (FrSBe), neuropsychological tests and community integration outcomes among individuals with a history of TBI.Methods: Seventy-six individuals with a history of TBI were consecutively recruited from patients seen in a Neuropsychology clinic in an academic healthcare setting. Participants completed neuropsychological tests, the FrSBe and the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ) as part of a standard clinical neuropsychological evaluation.Results: The FrSBe was a significant predictor of community integration (CIQ) outcomes. Specifically, poorer executive functioning (FrSBe Executive Functioning) predicted lower CIQ Total Scores, while increased apathy (FrSBe Apathy) was associated with reduced CIQ Productivity. Regarding neuropsychological tests, only Delayed Memory remained as a predictor: higher scores were associated with enhanced CIQ Total Scores and CIQ Social Integration. Finally, female gender wa...
Gibberellin production - Genetic control in the fungus Gibberella fujikuroi.

The fungus Gibberella fujikuroi (Saw.) Wr. can be used in genetic studies of the production of gibberellins. A gene has been identified which controls a step in the biosynthetic pathway of gibberellin production. Apparently this step is early in the pathway for it affects the accumulation of all of the gibberellins produced by the fungus.
THE INCREMENTAL SHEAR MODULUS IN AN INCOMPRESSIBLE ELASTIC MATERIAL

The incremental shear modulus is calculated for infinitesimal shear of an incompressible isotropic elastic material in a state of pure homogeneous deformation. Necessary and sufficient conditions that it be positive are obtained. These conditions are related to the Hadamard conditions for propagation of a wave of infinitesimal amplitude in the deformed material.
An Analysis of Textile Fragments from the Janey B. Goode Site

Excavations at the Janey B.Goode site (11S1232), located in the American Bottom region of Illinois, yielded carbonized textile remains from two pit features dating to the Terminal Late Woodland period and from one pit feature dating to the Mississippian period. The remains comprise both twisted or braided cordage pieces and actual twined textile fragments ranging in size from 2×3 cm to over 9×9 cm. Four different twining techniques are represented: two types of compact twining and two types of space twining. All textiles appear to be constructed of bast fibers, probably from the outer part of herbaceous plant stems. The textiles are similar to those described from other Midwestern sites dating to the Woodland and Mississippian periods, reflecting the existence of a widespread fiber industry. In this paper, the textiles from the Janey B. Goode site and the production technology used to produce them are described.
Optimization of recombination levels and their capture cross section in power rectifiers and thyristors

Abstract Single level recombination statistics have been used to determine the influence of lifetime on the characteristics of power rectifiers and thyristors. It is shown that the ratings of rectifiers can be optimized by maximizing the ratio of the high level to the low level lifetime. An optimization criterion relating the recombination center location to its capture cross section ratio for holes and electrons is derived. The relationship is found to be a function of temperature but not dependent upon the resistivity of the base material. In the case of thyristors it is shown that the leakage current must also be considered in the optimization procedure. This leads to a criterion which relates the recombination center location to the resistivity and the capture cross section. In addition, presently used techniques of gold diffusion and electron irradiation are shown to produce levels which fit poorly into the optimization scheme. The work in this paper points out the need to gather more information regarding the energy levels and capture cross sections of other impurities in silicon.
3.4 μm diode lasers employing Al-free GaInAsSb/GaSb MQW active regions at 20 °C

Mid-infrared (3-5 μm) diode lasers are important for a wide range of applications, including gas sensing. GaSb-based type-I quantum well (QW) diode lasers are attractive choices for this wavelength range, due to their temperature stability and relatively lower operating voltage. In turn, these properties yield lower power consumption at threshold than quantum cascade lasers and interband cascade lasers, which is essential for portable systems. Excellent diode lasers, based on GaInAsSb QWs and lattice-matched AlGaAsSb barriers/waveguide layers, have been demonstrated below ~3 μm with high wallplug efficiency and low threshold currents.
Stress and phase changes in a low-thermal-expansion Al-3at.%Ge alloy film on oxidized silicon wafers

Abstract The alloy of Al-3at.%Ge has been found to have a low thermal expansion and contraction in the temperature range of room temperature to 400 °C. The reason for the low thermal contraction (or expansion) is the precipitation (or dissolution) of Ge in the alloy. The Ge precipitates have a diamond structure in which each Ge atom occupies a much larger atomic volume than a Ge atom dissolved substitutionally in Al. The volume difference compensates for the effect of thermal expansion and contraction with changing temperature which in turn reduces the thermal stress due to thermal mismatch. The technique of wafer bending was used to determine the stress of the alloy film on oxidized silicon wafers upon thermal cycling; indeed, it is much lower than that of pure Al on identical wafers. The morphology of precipitation and dissolution of Ge in Al has been studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the precipitation follows a discontinuous mode and occurs predominantly along grain boundaries. In dissolving the Ge precipitates into Al, voids are left behind because of the volume difference. It is proposed that this may explain the enhancement of nucleation of voids in the alloy film upon thermal cycling.
Assessing the initiation and completion of adjuvant chemotherapy in a large nationwide and population-based cohort of elderly patients with stage-III colon cancer

Randomized trials conducted in the 1980s have established the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy in treating stage-III colon cancer. However, the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy is just the first step for survival improvement. Little is known about the actual completion rate of such a therapy in the community. The objectives of this study were to measure the initiation and completion rate of adjuvant chemotherapy and to identify the associated factors. We studied 12,265 patients aged 65+ diagnosed with stage-III colon cancer between 1991 and 2005 who were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database. Chemotherapy initiation was defined as at least one claim indicating the use of chemotherapy. The first and last claims were used to measure the length of chemotherapy. A complete course of chemotherapy was defined as 8-13 months for 1991-1995 cohort and 5-7 months for 1996-2005 cohort according to clinical guideline. Of the 12,265 patients, 64.4% received adjuvant chemotherapy within 3 months after tumor resection. Among those who had chemotherapy initiated, 62.2% (or 38.0% of 12,265 patients) received a complete course of chemotherapy. Patient's age at diagnosis, marital status, and comorbidity score were the significant predictors for chemotherapy initiation. These variables remained significant in predicting chemotherapy completion after adjusting for year of diagnosis and other factors. In conclusion, initiation and completion of chemotherapy was largely influenced by patient's age, marital status and comorbidity. Further investigation is needed to explore the cause of these differences in adherence to standard treatment that is essential for better quality of cancer care.
Reinvigorating the Tradition of Symbolic Interactionism

I take Scheff’s article to be in the honorable tradition of scholarly work that tries to preserve the best of the past while anticipating and contributing to the expansion of ideas. Scheff recognizes the pivotal importance of Goffman’s work to symbolic interactionism in particular and to sociology in general and wants to expand our understanding of Goffman by revealing a poorly recognized debt. This debt connects Goffman to his predecessor Cooley, who had outlined a simple, powerful model of social interaction aptly named the “looking-glass self.” In Scheff’s view, recognizing this debt deepens our understanding of Goffman’s dramaturgical approach, particularly the version of dramaturgy that is found in The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (1959). This, in turn, is important because it opens the door to a sociology of emotions. As Scheff points out, Goffman pursued the sociology of emotions in a narrow way, focusing on embarrassment. Scheff advocates a wider view, which he associates with Hochschild’s (2003) work. This exists at the intersection of symbolic interactionism and psychoanalysis. As an example of what can be harvested from this approach, Scheff presents an intriguing account of the role of shame in social life. Someone who has shame has, in Goffman’s (1963) vocabulary, a “discredited self” because his or her stigma is publicly known. As Scheff and Goffman suggest, embarrassment is the recognition that shaming is occurring. Embarrassment marks the transition from a discreditable to a discredited self. By contrast, someone who feels guilt has only a “discreditable self” because no one else knows yet of the stigma. Thus shame is temporally connected to guilt. This was part of the fascination with guilt for Philip Rieff (1990), whose sociological investigation of guilt as a guiding and constraining emotion also led him back to Cooley. Here I want to present four issues that I think are implicitly or explicitly raised by Scheff’s interesting article. Their explication must itself be part of the reinvigorating of the tradition that Scheff has initiated. First, I wish to consider the role of the looking-glass self in Cooley’s overall approach. Second, I will comment on weaknesses in Goffman’s analysis of the self. Third, I will comment on the prospects
Electrophysiology of “Incisional” Reentrant Atrial Tachycardia Complicating Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease

Intraatrial reentrant tachycardia, which occurs frequently in patients who have undergone corrective surgery for congenital heart disease, presents a challenge to successful management. Because the surgical repair sites are invariably critical to the development and maintenance of reentrant atrial tachycardia, we use the term "incisional reentry" to describe these arrhythmias. An understanding of the electrophysiology of such "incisional reentry," and techniques to identify a critical isthmus, are essential for successful ablation of these circuits. A critical isthmus may be identified by the presence of entrainment with concealed fusion. Confirmation that the site is critical to the tachycardia circuit is obtained by an analysis of the relationship between the postpacing interval and the tachycardia cycle length. Advances in mapping from multiple simultaneous sites, along with the ability to create larger, deeper lesions will be needed in order to cure a larger number of these patients. Ultimately, in some cases one must consider each procedure palliative rather than curative, as the disease progresses and substrate evolves and more tachycardia circuits become active.
Mapping Gulf Stream warm core rings from shipboard ADCP transects of the Oleander Project

[1] The flow patterns of the Gulf Stream warm core rings and surrounding shelf break and slope water are constructed from shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) transects of the Oleander Project. For each warm ring, consecutive ADCP transects are colocated to a common ring center and are mapped into a stream function. Methods to locate ring centers from the ADCP transect and advanced very high resolution radiometer image are developed and tested. Two warm rings in 1999, which have relatively complete data coverage, are examined to study the ring-induced warm and cold streamers. For cold streamers, the estimated volume flux, based on more than 10 independent ADCP transects, is at least 1 × 106 m3 s−1. This result agrees well with the previous estimate in the Warm Core Ring Experiment. For warm streamers, the result is new. On the basis of a large number of ADCP transects, the estimated volume flux is about 2.5 × 106 m3 s−1. By pulling large transports associated with the cold/warm streamers, the warm rings likely play a fundamental role in the water exchange in the Slope Sea.
Incidence and outcome of biliary strictures after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Advances in operative technique and postoperative care have resulted in a decrease in the substantial mortality that was once associated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, despite the many improvements in clinical management of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, postoperative complications remain frequent.1–4 Reports from large-volume pancreatic surgery centers have focused mainly on the early postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy, such as delayed gastric emptying, pancreaticocutaneous fistula, and surgical site infection.1,2,5,6 Few studies have examined the postoperative complications that present after hospital discharge.7 The purposes of this retrospective study were to determine the late incidence of biliary stricture formation after pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign and malignant diseases, to determine the etiology and risk factors for stricture formation, and to review our clinical experience with managing this complication.
On the causes of biased estimates of seismic moment for earthquakes in central Asia

[1] Comparisons of seismic moment M0 in Harvard's centroid moment tensor (CMT) catalog with M0 estimated from regional surface waves reveal a systematic discrepancy of about a factor of 2 for earthquakes located in western China. Causes of the discrepancy are investigated with analyses of observations and with calculations of Green's function responses for relevant Earth models. The PREM model used in CMT inversions is characterized by a thin, high-velocity crust, unlike tectonic structures in western China, while ASIA, used for modeling surface waves, was developed for this region. Analyses of teleseismic body wave synthetics for models similar to PREM and ASIA show that medium properties, source radiation patterns, and the presence of interfering phases introduce systematic amplitude variations. Inversions of synthetic data were carried out to simulate features of observed M0 residuals, log[M0(reg)/M0(CMT)], which are (1) a bias of −0.24 ± 0.04 log units for dip-slip events with mb 6 to 6.8, (2) a tendency for bias to increase with decreasing mb, and (3) a mechanism dependence, where residuals are large for high-angle, dip-slip events and small for vertical strike-slip events. Residuals for small events scatter more, probably due to larger errors in source depth and mechanism affecting both M0 estimates. Results of inverting synthetics mimic magnitude and mechanism dependences but underestimate the bias in feature 1. Rather than impugn the integrity of CMT catalogs, this study sheds light on uncertainties introduced by limitations of the methodology.
Phase Diagram for Quantum Hall Bilayers at ν=1

We present a phase diagram for a double quantum well bilayer electron gas in the quantum Hall regime at a total filling factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$, based on exact numerical calculations of the topological Chern number matrix and the (interlayer) superfluid density. We find three phases: a quantized Hall state with pseudospin superfluidity, a quantized Hall state with pseudospin ``gauge-glass'' order, and a decoupled composite Fermi liquid. Comparison with experiments provides a consistent explanation of the observed quantum Hall plateau, Hall drag plateau, and vanishing Hall drag resistance, as well as the zero-bias conductance peak effect, and suggests some interesting points to pursue experimentally.
Chemical identification of iodine-containing compounds in human serum.

Studies have been made on the extraction of iodinated compounds from human serum, their chromatographic separation on filter paper, and their detection by a eerie sulfate-arsenious acid reagent, followed by staining with aniline in acetone and neutralizing with sodium bicarbonate. Chloride simulated iodine compounds on chromatograms. Thiouracil, thiouracil disulfide and propylthiouracil were found to reduce eerie ion catalytically and when run in certain solvent systems moved to positions which could cause confusion with the iodotyrosines or iodothyronines. Only thyroxine and iodide were regularly identified in normal human serum, but small amounts of unknown positive- reacting compounds were found among patients with simple goiter.
Programs for Computation of Velocities and Streamlines on a Blade-to-Blade Surface of a Turbomachine

This paper describes Fortran programs that give the solution to the two-dimensional, subsonic, nonviscous flow problem on a blade-to-blade surface of revolution of a turbomachine. Flow may be axial, radial, or mixed. There may be a change in stream channel thickness in the through-flow direction. Either single, tandem, or slotted blades may be handled as well as blade rows with splitter vanes. Also, small regions may be magnified to give more detail where desired, such as around a leading or trailing edge or through a slot. The method is based on a finite difference solution of the stream function equations. Numerical examples are shown to illustrate the type of blades which can be analyzed, and to show results which can be obtained. Results are compared with experimental data.Copyright © 1969 by ASME
Water-soluble HPMA copolymer--prostaglandin E1 conjugates containing a cathepsin K sensitive spacer.

A novel bone targeting, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer based, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) delivery system was designed, synthesized and characterized. PGE1 was bound to the polymer backbone via a spacer, composed of a cathepsin K sensitive tetrapeptide (Gly-Gly-Pro-Nle) and a self-eliminating 4-aminobenzyl alcohol structure. The HPMA copolymer conjugates were prepared by photo–initiated free radical copolymerization of HPMA, PGE1-containing macromonomer, and optionally a comonomer containing a reactive p-nitrophenyl ester group. The latter group was used as attachment points for the d-aspartic acid octapeptide targeting moieties. Incubation of the PGE1-containing macromonomer and HPMA copolymer-PGE1 conjugates with cathepsin K resulted in release of unmodified PGE1. The rate of release depended on the composition of the conjugate. The higher the PGE1 content in the conjugate, the slower the PGE1 release. This appeared to be the result of association of hydrophobic side-chains in aqueous me...
An ultralight biotelemetry backpack for recording EMG signals in moths

A two-channel FM biopotential recording system fabricated on a foldable, lightweight, polyimide substrate is presented. Each channel consists of a biopotential amplifier followed by a Colpitts oscillator with operating frequency tunable in the 88-108 MHz commercial FM band. The overall system measures 10 mm/spl times/10 mm/spl times/3 mm, weighs 0.74 g, uses two 1.5-V batteries, dissipates about 2 mW, and has a transmission range of 2 m. Using this system, electromyogram signals have been recorded from the dorsal ventral muscle and the dorsal longitudinal muscle of a giant sphinx moth (Manduca sexta).
Using Polar Coronal Hole Area Measurements to Determine the Solar Polar Magnetic Field Reversal in Solar Cycle 24

An analysis of solar polar coronal hole (PCH) areas since the launch of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) shows how the polar regions have evolved during Solar Cycle 24. We present PCH areas from mid-2010 through 2013 using data from the Atmospheric Imager Assembly (AIA) and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instruments onboard SDO. Our analysis shows that both the northern and southern PCH areas have decreased significantly in size since 2010. Linear fits to the areas derived from the magnetic-field properties indicate that, although the northern hemisphere went through polar-field reversal and reached solar-maximum conditions in mid-2012, the southern hemisphere had not reached solar-maximum conditions in the polar regions by the end of 2013. Our results show that solar-maximum conditions in each hemisphere, as measured by the area of the polar coronal holes and polar magnetic field, will be offset in time.
Medicare Billing Update

Abstract As of July 2009, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) may bill for Medicare services as private practitioners. This article directs SLPs to the rules for enrollment, necessary approvals by ...