cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infrared Spectra of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds in the C-H Stretching and Out-of-Plane Bending Regions

A study has been made of the infrared spectra of 33 poly-nuclear aromatic compounds including some known carcinogens. In most cases, the number of fused rings may be determined by measuring the frequency of the characteristic aromatic (C-H) stretching vibration with a LiF prism. For unsubstituted fused rings, the (C-H) stretching vibration shifts to lower frequencies as the number of fused rings increases. In addition, the position of the fused rings can be established from data obtained from the out-of-plane (C-H) bending vibrations in the range of 700 to 900 cm−1.
Na/K-ATPase Tethers Phospholipase C and IP3 Receptor into a Calcium-regulatory Complex

We have shown that the caveolar Na/K-ATPase transmits ouabain signals via multiple signalplexes. To obtain the information on the composition of such complexes, we separated the Na/K-ATPase from th...
From the Psychology of Race to the Issue of Skin Color for People of African Descent

In the aftermath of Western domination, the significance of skin color among peoples of African descent has been trivialized. Regrettably, research by psychologists the world over emphasizes race in the study of human social conditions. Despite the fact that race is increasingly irrelevant, Western psychologists continually adhere to it and are at a severe disadvantage. Oblivious to the implications of skin color, their attempts to comprehend stereotypes, discrimination, and various issues attributed to race vis-a-vis African peoples is an exercise in futility. It is not compulsory to discard Western perspectives at the expense of social fact, but psychologists should familiarize themselves with African perspectives as a critical point of reference to the social issues of African-descended people. Sustaining the integrity and prestige of the profession will require concepts and a perspective less confined to Western domination.
Evaluation of Asphalt Mix Stability Using Compaction Properties and Aggregate Structure Analysis

This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the aggregate structure stability in hot mix asphalt (HMA). The HMA response in the Superpave Gyratory Compactor (SGC) is used to derive an index, referred to as the Contact Energy Index (CEI), that reflects the energy utilized in establishing contacts among aggregate particles. Then, a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element model of the SGC is presented, and the CEI calculated from the finite element model is compared with experimental measurements. The 3-D finite element model is shown to give CEI results similar to measurements. Image analysis techniques are used to measure the evolution of the aggregate structure in terms of orientation and contacts during compaction. The image analysis results are compared with experimental measurements of CEI. The comparison shows strong correlation between the number of contacts, the resistance of the aggregate structure to re-orientation and the CEI value.
Refinement of a molecular model for lamprey hemoglobin from Petromyzon marinus.

Abstract A molecular model for the protein and ambient solvent of the complex of cyanide with methemoglobin V from the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus yields an R-factor of 0.142 against X-ray diffraction data to 2.0 A resolution. The root-mean-square discrepancies from ideal bond length and angle are, respectively, 0.014 A and 1.5 °. Atoms that belong to planar groups deviate by 0.012 A from planes determined by a least-squares procedure. The average standard deviation for chiral volumes, peptide torsion angle and torsion angles of side-chains are 0.150 A3, 2.0 ° and 19.4 °, respectively. The root-mean-square variation in the thermal parameters of bonded atoms of the polypeptide backbone is 1.21 A2; the variation in thermal parameters for side-chain atoms is 2.13 A2. The model includes multiple conformations for 11 side-chains of the 149 amino acid residues of the protein. We identify 231 locations as sites of water molecules in full or partial occupancy. The sum of occupancy factors for these sites is approximately 154, representing 28% of the 550 molecules of water within the crystallographic asymmetric unit. The environment of the heme in the cyanide complex of lamprey methemoglobin resembles the deoxy state of the mammalian tetramer. In particular, the bond between atom NE2 of the proximal histidine and the Fe lies 5.1 ° from the normal of the heme plane. In deoxy- and carbonmonoxyhemoglobins, the deviations from the normal to the heme plane are 7 to 8 ° and 1 °, respectively. Furthermore, the inequality in the distance of atom CD2 of the proximal histidine from the pyrrole nitrogen of ring-C of the heme (distance =3.29 a) and CEI from the pyrrole nitrogen of ring-A (distance = 3.06 A) is characteristic of deoxyhemoglobin, not carbonmonoxyhemoglobin, where these distances are equal. Finally, a hydrogen bond exists between carbonyl 111 and the hydroxyl of tyrosine 149. The corresponding hydrogen link in the mammalian tetramer is central to the T to R state transition and is present in deoxyhemoglobin but absent in carbonmonoxyhemoglobin. We suggest that the low affinity of oxygen for lamprey hemoglobin may be a consequence of these T-state geometries.
Underwater Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Large Duodenal Adenomas (Video)

Abstract Background and aims Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is a well-established method for the removal of neoplastic polyps throughout the GI tract. EMR typically involves insufflation of the lumen using air or CO 2 , followed by submucosal lifting of a polyp to minimize the risk of deep tissue injury and perforation, followed by hot-snare polypectomy. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is a new technique that uses water to enable lesion visualization in a lumen that is not distended by air or CO 2 , followed by piecemeal hot-snare resection of large mucosally-based neoplasms. UEMR does not require submucosal injection to create a fluid cushion. Very few published examples of UMER in the duodenum exist. This video case series describes the use of UEMR for the resection of several large duodenal adenomas. Procedure Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection was utilized for the removal of several large duodenal adenomas. Results Three duodenal lesions ranging from 1.8cm to 5cm were successfully resected by UEMR. The mean time for resection was 18min. There were no adverse events. Conclusions UEMR is an efficacious technique for the resection of large mucosally-based neoplasms of the duodenum.
Reconstructed Yokuts Pronouns

SUMMARYRelationships among the most southern languages and dialects of Yokuts, a native American language family of California, are made clearer through an examination of demonstrative and personal pronouns. Reconstructions of Proto-Yokuts personal pronouns for first and second person in nominative, genitive and accusative/oblique cases and changes several languages and dialects are assumed to have undergone are presented to demonstrate details of a proposed Stammbusch for this part of the Yokuts family. This proposal differs from one suggested earlier by Whistler & Golla (1986).RESUMELes rapports entre langues et dialectes meridionales du Yokuts, une des families des langues indigenes des Indiens de la Californie, deviennent plus claires par l'etude des pronoms demonstratifs et personnels. Les reconstructions des pronoms personnels Proto-Yokuts pour la premiecre et la deuxieme personne au nominatif, au genitif et a l'accusatif, et les changements que plusieurs langues et dialectes ont subi, sont exposes pour denontrer les details d'un Stammbusch propose pour cette partie de la famille Yokuts. Cette proposition differe sensiblement de celle suggeree recemment par Whistler & Golla (1986).ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Verwandtschaftsverhaltnisse zwischen den am weitesten siidlich gelegenen Sprachen und Dialekten des Yokuts, einer einheimischen Sprach-gruppe in Kalifornien, werden deutlicher durch die Untersuchung der Demonstrativ- und Personalpronomina. Die Rekonstruktion der 1. und 2. Person in den Fallen des Nominativs, des Genitivs und des Akkusativs der Personal-pronomen des Proto-Yokuts und die Veranderungen, die in mehreren Sprachen und Dialekten offenbar stattgefunden haben, werden mithilfe eines (hier erstmalig eingefuhrten) Stammbuschs fur diesen Teil der Sprachgruppe aufgestellt Diese Darstellung unterscheidet sich wesendich von der in jungster Zeit von Whister & Golla (1986) vorgeschlagenen.
Design and testing of a white-light, steady-state diffuse reflectance spectrometer for determination of optical properties of highly scattering systems

We present a steady-state radially resolved diffuse reflectance spectrometer capable of measuring the absorption and transport scattering spectra of tissue-simulating phantoms over an adjustable 170-nm wavelength interval in the visible and near infrared. Measurements in a variety of phantoms are demonstrated over the relevant range of tissue optical properties, and the accuracy of the instrument is found to be approximately 10% in both scattering and absorption. Monte Carlo simulations designed to test the accuracy of the instrument are presented that support the experimental findings.
COUPLING ANALYSIS OF PROBE DIFFUSION IN HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT HYDROXYPROPYLCELLULOSE

The coupling/scaling model of Ngai and Phillies [Ngai, K. L., Phillies, G. D. J. J. Chem. Phys. 1996, 105, 8385] is applied to light scattering spectra of mesoscopic probes in 1 MDa hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC): water. Spectra are bimodal. The coupling/scaling model works for one mode but not the other. Probes smaller than the hydrodynamic radius of the HPC show a two-stretched-exponential relaxation: The slow mode follows coupling/scaling predictions; the fast mode does not. Probes whose diameters are comparable to or larger than the radius of gyration have spectra composed of a fast, stretched-exponential mode that follows coupling/scaling, and a slow, pure-exponential mode not described by coupling/scaling. Interpretations of the success or failure of the coupling/scaling model for various modes and probes are advanced, based on relationships between the observed and assumed spectral line shapes, and on the absolute time scale of each relaxation.
Comparative lethality of several Latrodectus venoms

Abstract Four species of the black-widow spider genus Latrodectus are known to occur in North America. They are L. mactans mactans, L. geometricus, L. variolus and L. bishopi. Thecomparative lethality of the venoms of these species and of the European sub-species L. mactans tredecimguttatus was evaluated. All have very potent venoms although there are species differences in venom lethality and the average amount of venom obtained.
Robust Data-Optimized Stochastic Analog-to-Digital Converters

The majority of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are designed without taking into consideration the distribution of input signal. In this correspondence, we present a novel ADC architecture that is optimized for a given input signal's statistics. The new robust data-optimized stochastic flash (RDSF) ADC achieves robustness and high accuracy by employing a) a large number of 1-bit quantizers operating in parallel with an additive noise and b) a novel probability density transform (PDT). We demonstrate the performance gain of the RDSF over the conventional flash ADC using simulations and theoretical analysis
Information seeking on Bayesian conditional probability problems: A fuzzy‐trace theory account

Recently, the ‘heuristics and biases’ approach to the study of decision making has been criticized, with a call for better integrated theory. Three experiments stemming from fuzzy-trace theory addressed information seeking on probability problems, and the cognitive representation of hit-rates, base-rates, and the contrapositive. As predicted by the fuzzy-trace principle of ‘denominator neglect’, many subjects exhibited ‘conversion errors’, confusing the hit-rate, P(A|B), with the answer, P(B|A). These subjects sought base-rates less often than other subjects. On causal problems, more subjects correctly represented base-rates, sought base-rates more often, and produced more accurate estimates than on non-causal problems. Subjects tutored on the meaning of the hit-rate sought the base-rate more often, and were more accurate than control subjects. Results are explained by fuzzy-trace theory principles of gist extraction, fuzzy processing preference, denominator neglect, and output interference.
Physical and thermal properties of potato chips during vacuum frying

Abstract Vacuum frying (1.33 kPa), with the aid of a de-oiling mechanism, was used to produce low-fat potato chips. The kinetics of oil absorption and oil distribution in the potato chips was studied so that effectiveness of the de-oiling system could be established. Non-linear regression was used to fit the experimental data to the models used to describe oil absorption in potato chips with time. Moisture content, oil content, microstructure, diameter and thickness expansion, bulk density, true density, and porosity of chips fried at different temperatures (120, 130, and 140 °C) was performed to evaluate the effect of process temperature on the product. The convective heat transfer coefficient at the oil-chip interface was determined for the same temperature range. The final oil content of the potato chips was 0.072 ± 0.004, 0.062 ± 0.003, and 0.059 ± 0.003 g/g solid for frying temperatures of 120, 130, and 140 °C, respectively. These values are lower (80–87% less) than those found in the not de-oiled potato chips, which indicates that the de-oiling mechanism is crucial in vacuum frying processing. A significant difference (P During vacuum frying, the convective heat transfer coefficient changed considerably as frying progressed; moreover, it increased with temperature reaching a maximum between 2200 and 2650 W/m2 K depending on frying temperature.
Protein kinases of cultured osteoblasts: Selectivity for the extracellular matrix proteins of bone and their catalytic competence for osteopontin

The enzyme activities of the major kinases found within the cytosolic and microsomal fractions of embryonic avian calvaria osteoblasts were assayed for their specificity for various noncollagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins of bone. At least 6 proteins with M(r)'s of 66, 58, 50, 36, 30, and 22 kD out of more than 30 of the noncollagenous proteins of the bone ECM were phosphorylated by the kinase(s) found in both osteoblast cellular fractions. The purification and N-terminal sequence analysis of three of the above proteins, M(r)'s 66 and 58 kD (+50 kD), identified them as chicken bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), respectively. Heparin, a specific inhibitor of factor-independent protein kinase (FIPK) activity, blocked the phosphorylation of all six ECM proteins by the microsomal kinase(s) but only inhibited the phosphorylation of the 66, 50, and 36 kD by the cytosolic enzyme(s). Casein kinase II (a known FIPK) showed a similar phosphorylation pattern of the same bone ECM proteins as the FIPK(s) found in osteoblast cell extracts, while purified cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase did not phosphorylate any of the ECM proteins. Use of dephosphorylated casein showed that in comparison with casein kinase II, casein was a poor substrate for the FIPK found in the osteoblast cellular extracts. Further studies, using FIPK(s) of osteoblasts and purified chicken OPN or bacterially produced recombinant murine OPN as a substrate, showed that both species of OPN were excellent substrates for the FIPK(s) found in osteoblasts. The phosphorylation of the purified chicken and recombinant mouse OPNs were evaluated by quantitative analysis using commercially available protein kinases. cAMP-dependent kinase showed no phosphorylation of either protein, and cyclic guanodine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent kinase and protein kinase C incorporated 1.2 and 0.5 mol phosphate/mol OPN, respectively. However, both chicken and mouse OPNs were significantly phosphorylated by casein kinase II (9.3 and 9.0 mol of phosphate/mol of OPN, respectively). These results demonstrate that the noncollagenous proteins of the bone ECM, and in particular OPN, are predominantly phosphorylated by FIPK(s), and this class of kinase is the major enzyme found within the microsomal fraction of osteoblasts.
Ellipsometric investigation of ion-implanted GaAs

The characteristics of implantation-induced damage in GaAs have been examined by ellipsometry. The refractive index and extinction coefficient increase with increasing implant (Mg, Ar) fluence up to 1015ionscm2. By monitoring the change in the complex index of refraction following removal of a series of thin implanted layers, reliable damage profiles have been obtained as functions of ion fluence (1012−1015ions/cm2), flux (3.5−350 nA), and post-implan-tation annealing conditions. The depth profile of the implant damage shows the position of the damage peak relative to the LSS and damage theory to be fluence dependent. The effect of flux on change in the extinction coefficient is not prominent on the surface. However, the total damage increases with increasing flux at a fluence of 3 × 1013ions/cm2. The extinction coefficient decreases rapidly after heating at ∼600°C. The regrowth of the damaged crystal by a Q-switched ruby laser is partially achieved only in the outer layer at an energy density of 0.25 J/cm2.
Some reflections on changes in the field of solution calorimetry over the past twenty-five years

Abstract The field of calorimetry has changed in many dramatic ways during the past 25 years. The authors' observations of the changes in equipment, measurements made, and automation are recorded. The number of uses of calorimeters has increased as have the ranges of temperature and pressure over which they have been operated. Automation and the use of computers have made the operation of calorimeters and the reduction of calorimetric data less tedious and less time consuming. The authors see the future of calorimetry to be bright and expanding.
Spin-based reader-writer synchronization for multiprocessor real-time systems

Reader preference, writer preference, and task-fair reader-writer locks are shown to cause undue blocking in multiprocessor real-time systems. Phase-fair reader writer locks, a new class of reader-writer locks, are proposed as an alternative. Three local-spin phase-fair lock algorithms, one with constant remote-memory-reference complexity, are presented and demonstrated to be efficiently implementable on common hardware platforms. Both task- and phase-fair locks are evaluated and contrasted to mutex locks in terms of hard and soft real-time schedulability--each under both global and partitioned scheduling--under consideration of runtime overheads on a multicore Sun "Niagara" UltraSPARC T1 processor. Formal bounds on worst-case blocking are derived for all considered lock types.
The centralizer near-ring of an inverse semigroup of endomorphisms of a group

Let G be a group and S an inverse semigroup of endomorphisms of G. The simplicity of the centralizer near- ring MS(G) = {fe M(G)‖foα = αo f, ∀αeS} is characterized. The necessary and sufficient conditions are given for simplicity of Ms(G) in terms of the structure of G and S.
Comparative effects of salicylic acid, phenylbutazone, probenecid and other anions on the metabolism, distribution and excretion of indomethacin by rats.

Abstract This report describes the effects of salicylate, phenylbutazone, probenecid and other anions on the metabolism, distribution and excretion of indomethacin by the rat. Salicylic acid (100 mg/kg) given intravenously or orally 1 or 3 hr after indomethacin administration (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased (30–60 per cent) concentrations of indomethacin in plasma. Concomitantly, urinary excretion of 14 C-indomethacin equivalents was decreased, biliary and fecal excretions were increased, and concentrations in tissues were modified. These changes after salicylic acid treatment were reflected primarily in indomethacin and secondarily in its metabolites. Other agents, such as phenylbutazone, chlorogenic acid and acetic acid, had no effect on the radioactivity in plasma. Probenecid increased the concentrations of indomethacin in plasma by about 20 per cent. The specificity of salicylic acid in decreasing concentrations of indomethacin in plasma of rats and of probenecid in increasing indomethacin concentrations in plasma of both rat and man may arise from the similarity in structure of the benzoyl group of the three compounds. Such a specificity has been discussed with respect to the controversy about the intake of salicylates during the clinical evaluation of indomethacin.
Evaluation eines Elektronendiffusionsmodelles zur Berechnung von nicht Gleichgewichts-Elektronenkonzentrationen in Induktiv gekoppelten Argonplasma für die spektrochemische Analyse

Zusammenfassung In anderen Untersuchungen wurde experimentell festgestellt, dass die Elektronenkonzentration in einem induktiv gekoppelten Argonplasma (ICP) hoher ist, als dies Rechnungen ergeben, welche mit gemessenen Temperaturverteilungen und der Sahagleichung unter Annahme von lokalem thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht druchgefuhrt wurden. Die Ergebnisse der hier gemachten Untersuchungen zeigen, dass hauptsachlich zwei Mechanismen fur dieses Ungleichgewicht verantwortlich gemacht werden konen: Erstens ist die mittlere kinetische Energie der Elektronen, wegen der Leistungseinkopplung durch das rf-feld, hoher als die mittlere kinetische Energie der Argon Partikel. Zweitens bewirken die extrem hohen Elektronendichten- und Temperaturgradienten ambipolare Diffusion von Elektronen und dadurch eine nicht Gleichgewichtssituation. Mit Hilfe eines Computermodelles, wird unter Berucksichtigung von ambipolarer Diffusion und Elektron-Argonion Rekombination, die Elektronendichteverteilung sowie die Elektronentemperaturverteilung im ICP berechnet. Die so erhaltenen Elektronendichten werden mit experimentellen Werten anderer Autoren verglichen. Im weiteren wird ein Modell vorgeschlagen, welches die hohe Konzentration von Ionen der zu analysierenden Elemente im ICP durch ambipolare Diffusion erklat.
New focal plane detector system for the rochester recoil mass spectrometer

Abstract A focal plane detector system has been developed for the Rochester Recoil Mass Spectrometer. It consists of a parallel grid avalanche counter (PGAC) backed by an ionization counter (IC). The PGAC is used to obtain the horizontal and vertical position of the incident particles and also to provide a fast timing signal. The PGAC has an active area of 5.1 cm x 5.1 cm. The IC consists of three charge collecting anodes (2.0 cm, 6.2 cm, 21.6 cm long) and provides nuclear charge identification and a total energy measurement. Both the PGAC and the IC are filled with isobutane as the counter gas. The intrinsic position resolution of the PGAC was determined to be 0.9 mm (FWHM). The IC is able to resolve neighboring nuclear charges for light ions with energies as low as 0.7 MeV/u. The nuclear charge resolution of the IC for heavy ions with IC energies below 0.7 MeV/u was found to be 1.3 e (FWHM).
Residents’ perspectives on surgical training and the resident–fellow relationship: comparing residency programs with and without gynecological oncology fellowships

The effect of a gynecological oncology fellow on obstetrics and gynecology resident education and training is uncertain. The objective is to assess the effect of gynecological oncology fellows on the surgical training of residents in obstetrics and gynecology. Fourth year residents in obstetrics and gynecology in the United States were identified and stratified as to the presence or absence of an oncology fellowship program. Demographics, surgical volume, procedures performed, and self-assessment of surgical proficiency were collected. Responses were compared between residency programs with and without fellowships. Responses were received from 40% of programs. Residents at programs without a fellowship more frequently operated with attendings than did residents at programs with fellows, 91% vs 77%, P= 0.016, and more frequently were responsible for complicated cases, 39% vs 22%, P < 0.0001. Over 90% of residents in both groups reported surgical training as positive and valuable; both groups reported a similar perceived lack of proficiency in radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. Attitudes toward the fellows were generally positive; however, competition for cancer cases was reported by over 66% of residents from programs with fellows. While fellows are often thought of as a detracting factor to residency training, they do not appear to affect the perception of the quality of resident surgical training.
Rapid progression from subclinical to symptomatic overt hypothyroidism.

ABSTRACT Objective To report a case of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with rapid progression from subclinical to overt symptomatic hypothyroidism and to discuss the potential precipitating factors and the implications on clinical decisions about monitoring and treatment of early thyroid failure. Methods We describe a patient with long-standing subclinical hypothyroidism who had progression to severe overt hypothyroidism during a 2-month period, without an identifiable precipitating factor. All medical care was provided at a single institution, and all relevant medical records were reviewed. Results For at least 2 years, an 84-year-old man had a pattern of subclinical hypothyroidism, including normal levels of serum free thyroxine, serum thyrotropin concentrations ranging from 4.4 to 9.6 μIU/mL, and elevated levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. During a 2-month period, symptoms of cold intolerance, a 4.5-kg weight gain, and fatigue developed, and the patient was found to have low free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine concentrations and a serum thyrotropin concentration of 80.9 μIU/mL. The patient did not use any medication previously identified as a trigger to the development of hypothyroidism, had no exposure to iodine or contrast administration, and reported no intercurrent infection that might explain the rapid progression of hypothyroidism. Conclusion Most patients with subclinical hypothyroidism have progression to overt hypothyroidism at a slow rate. Elderly patients with high antithyroid antibody titers may have a higher than previously recognized risk of rapid development of overt hypothyroidism, and earlier intervention with levothyroxine treatment may be indicated. (Endocr Pract. 2005;11:115-119)
Enzyme catalysis: a new definition accounting for noncovalent substrate- and product-like states

Biological catalysis frequently causes changes in noncovalent bonding. By building on Pauling's assertion that any long-lived, chemically distinct interaction is a chemical bond, this article redefines enzyme catalysis as the facilitated making and/or breaking of chemical bonds, not just of covalent bonds. It is also argued that nearly every ATPase or GTPase is misnamed as a hydrolase and actually belongs to a distinct class of enzymes, termed here 'energases'. By transducing covalent bond energy into mechanical work, energases mediate such fundamental processes as protein folding, self-assembly, G-protein interactions, DNA replication, chromatin remodeling and even active transport.
Mechanisms by which von Willebrand Disease Mutations Destabilize the A2 Domain

von Willebrand Factor (VWF) is an ultralong, concatameric, and adhesive glycoprotein. On short time scales, adhesiveness for platelets is activated by elongation of VWF by altered hydrodynamics at sites of hemostasis. Over longer time scales, the length of VWF is regulated by ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13), cleavage by which in the VWF A2 domain is dependent on elongational force. Patients with von Willebrand disease type 2A present with increased bleeding due to mutations within the VWF A2 domain that enhance cleavage. We tested using temperature and force the hypothesis that von Willebrand disease mutations disrupt A2 force sensing by destabilizing the folded state. Mutations R1597W, M1528V, and E1638K reduced A2 thermal stability by 10–18 °C. M1528V and E1638K showed a marked further decrease in stability upon calcium removal. In contrast, R1597W, which resides within the A2 calcium-binding loop, exhibited similar stability in the presence and absence of calcium. Using single molecule optical tweezers and R1597W, we measured the force dependence of unfolding and refolding kinetics. In the presence of calcium, the R1597W mutation slowed the rate of refolding but had no effect on unfolding. The three mutations highlight the calcium-binding loop (R1597W), the hydrophobic core around the vicinal disulfide (M1528V), and hydrogen bonds to the α4-less loop (E1638K), as structural features critically important to the function of A2 as a force sensor in regulating thrombogenic activity in the vasculature. Background: VWD mutations in the A2 domain increase cleavage by ADAMTS13. Results: Three VWD mutations decreased thermal stability and altered single molecule force resistance. Conclusion: VWD mutations destabilize A2 and the R1597W mutation slows refolding by disrupting calcium stabilization. Significance: Three mutations highlight structural features important in A2 function as a force sensor.
Sonographic detection of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the bladder

Metastatic spread of renal cell carcinoma normally involves the lung, bone, liver, adrenal glands, and brain. 1 In this report, we present an unusual case of renal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the urinary bladder wall.
Management of Hessian fly (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) in Georgia by delayed planting of winter wheat

The effect of planting date on Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), infestations and damage in resistant and susceptible soft red winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em Theil, was studied in the Piedmont (northern) and Coastal Plain (southern) regions of Georgia. Fall and winter infestations declined with later planting date in both regions. Planting wheat in the Piedmont region in early November avoided most fall and winter damage without enhancing spring infestations or substantially reducing wheat yield potential. Results in the Coastal Plain region revealed that planting early potentially resulted in large fall and winter infestations, whereas planting late generally avoided fall and winter damage but may have greatly enhanced spring infestations. Planting in the Coastal Plain region, however, had to be delayed until after mid-December to avoid fall and winter infestations. A planting window from 15 November to 1 December generally minimized fall and winter infestations without enhancing spring infestations or substantially reducing wheat yield potential. Late planting, however, was of limited use as a strategy for managing the Hessian fly in the Coastal Plain region as compared with the Piedmont region and more northerly areas where cold weather occurs more consistently to minimize winter activity of the insect.
On Balinese Cockfights Deeply Extending Play

In this article, I advance three points, each in service of ‘‘extending play’’ as a critical conceptual category. The article begins with Clifford Geertz’s essay ‘‘Deep Play,’’ tracing through its lens the possibilities for ‘‘deeply extending play.’’ The essay extends Geertz’s argument that games and play are in/as/of/through culture. Games and play are not generative of, reflective of, just culture. Rather they are intensely interwoven. I argue that games and play, as conceptual categories, need to be viewed as ‘‘experimental systems,’’ and those concepts deserve to be informed by alternative perspectives. Finally, the article returns to the notion of ‘‘meaningful play’’ as mechanism of sense making and cultural negotiations with structures. Meaningful play lies at the core of exploration and encourages a different kind of reading of play(ful) spaces. Meaningful play is part of what makes games and play so fundamentally an aspect of the human (and nonhuman) condition.
Inequalities relating maximal moments to other measures of dispersion

Let X, X1, ..., Xk be i.i.d. random variables, and for k∈ N let Dk(X) = E(X1 V ... V Xk+1) −EX be the kth centralized maximal moment. A sharp lower bound is given for D1(X) in terms of the Levy concentration Ql(X) = supx∈ R P(X∈[x, x + l]). This inequality, which is analogous to P. Levy's concentration-variance inequality, illustrates the fact that maximal moments are a gauge of how much spread out the underlying distribution is. It is also shown that the centralized maximal moments are increased under convolution.
Liberty, Equality, Honor

As today's battles rage between those who march under the banner of liberty and those who unfurl the flag of equality, even an engaged partisan might be forgiven for occasionally wondering whether the game is, after all, worth the candle. For one thing, neither party simply rejects the other's principle – properly understood. Egalitarians routinely emphasize that their concern for equality is, also, a concern for true liberty; thus Michael Walzer, writing “In Defense of Equality,” finds it “worth stressing that equality as I have described it does not stand alone, but is closely related to the idea of liberty.”1 Libertarians tend to be less enthusiastic in their embrace of equality, but almost all endorse some form of equality or other – for example, equality of political rights or equality before the law. It would seem, then, that the differences between egalitarians and libertarians are really over the meaning and scope of equality and liberty, and that putting the issue as one of equality vs. liberty may be misleading.More important, one can wonder whether either the egalitarian or the libertarian combination of the principles of liberty and equality is worthy of support. What society has exalted personal liberty, has taken rights more seriously, than ours? Yet who can easily dismiss Solzhenitsyn's charge that our worship of freedom has resulted in “destructive and irresponsible freedom” being granted “boundless scope,” leaving us defenseless against “the corrosion of evil”?2 The cause of liberty against tyranny surely continues to command our support; but what conclusion ought we to draw from the facts that liberty in absentia seems so markedly more attractive than liberty in practice, and that the qualities manifested in the struggle for liberty seem so superior to those that come to the fore once liberty is secured?
In Pursuit of Equality and Respect: China’s Diplomacy and the League of Nations

This article examines the role of the League of Nations, particularly in the 1920s, in the foreign relations of the Republic of China (ROC). ROC diplomats targeted their activities in the League toward achieving two long-standing Chinese national aspirations: achieving formal legal equality with other states and thereby ending disadvantageous treaty relations, and gaining recognition for China’s self-assessed identity as a once and future great power. On the first issue, these figures wished the League to act indirectly on their country’s behalf, by supporting Chinese diplomatic activities in other venues and enhancing the authority of international legal regimes. On the second, they sought to have the League’s organizational structure directly reflect China’s self-perceived rightful status as an important nation. Examining their arguments helps to shed light on how these figures construed the nature of great power status, and on their sometimes contradictory views of equality and hierarchy among nations....
Transmission Resource Allocation for Training Based Amplify-and-Forward Relay Systems

For a three node amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system in which only destination D is equipped with a channel estimator, we derive lower bound on training-based mutual information per transmission block. For a given transmission block length and a fixed total transmit power constraint between source S and relay R, we investigate jointly optimal number of training symbols, optimal power allocation between training and data, and optimal power allotment between S and R, such that the mutual information lower bound is maximized. For the AF relay system without direct link we provide analytical solutions to the joint optimization problem and relate the solutions to the relay location. For the AF relay system with direct link we resort to numerical evaluations to find the optimal solutions.
Hyperglycemia during induction therapy is associated with increased infectious complications in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia

Background Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) are at high risk for developing hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemic adult ALL patients have shorter remissions, more infections, and increased mortality. No corresponding data are available in children. We hypothesized that children with ALL who become hyperglycemic during induction chemotherapy have an increased risk for infection during their first year of treatment. Procedure We conducted a retrospective chart review of 135 patients diagnosed with ALL during 1999–2001 at Texas Children's Hospital. Infectious outcomes during the first year of therapy were compared in three groups patients based on blood glucose concentrations during induction therapy: euglycemic ( 200 mg/dl). Results Seventy-five (56%) patients met criteria for either MH (21%) or OH (35%). Hyperglycemia was more prevalent in older children (P 85%) at diagnosis (P < 0.01). Patients with MH and OH were 2.5 times (95% CI 1.0–6.2) and 2.1 times (95% CI 1.0–4.6) more likely to have documented infections, respectively. Patients with OH were 4.2 times (95% CI 1.5–12) more likely to have bacteremia/fungemia, 3.8 times (95% CI 1.2–11.6) more likely to have cellulitis, and 4.0 times (95% CI 1.7–9.3) more likely to be admitted for fever and neutropenia than the euglycemia group. Conclusion Hyperglycemia, especially when overt, may be a previously unrecognized risk factor of infectious complications in children with ALL during the first year of treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:387–392. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Audience attitudes towards brand (product) placement: Singapore and the United States

(2001). Audience attitudes towards brand (product) placement: Singapore and the United States. International Journal of Advertising: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 3-24.
Characterizing Effects of Novel Hydrometallurgical Process Chemistry on Electrowinning Operations

Cell polarization, current distribution, and current efficiency in an electrowinning cell all depend in a complex manner on thermodynamic properties, electrode kinetics, and ionic transport effects. Each of these in turn is profoundly affected by changes in system chemistry. Careful analysis and experimentation are required to determine the characteristics of the electrowinning step of a novel hydrometallurgical process.
Beliefs in negative mood regulation and daily negative affect in PTSD

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with higher levels of and greater fluctuations in negative affect (NA). In turn, severity and instability of NA are associated with psychological difficulties. The present study examines whether and how individual differences in one's beliefs in one's ability to regulate negative mood relate to the level and stability of daily NA in veterans with and without PTSD. Twenty-one Vietnam War veterans with PTSD and 33 veterans without PTSD completed a measure of perceived ability to regulate negative mood prior to participating in a two-week daily diary study. Veterans with PTSD reported a poorer ability to regulate their negative mood states and higher levels of daily NA. Notably, a PTSD diagnosis was unrelated to level of daily NA after accounting for expectations of negative mood regulation. Thus, trait-like expectancies of mood regulation appear to be an important factor in the daily functioning of veterans with PTSD.
Stormwater Non-Potable Beneficial Uses and Effects on Urban Infrastructure

This project shows that lessons learned and successes from a wide variety of international stormwater beneficial use projects cover a range of conditions that may be found in the U.S. Examined are case studies from developing countries in both arid and wet climates, case studies from developed countries in areas where future water conservation is necessary to support continued growth, and from developed countries where sustainable use of natural resources is of high priority. Also examined are typical water quality conditions from different stormwater sources in urban areas and desirable (or regulated) water quality requirements for the use of this water for different applications. Water quality degradation associated with different storage options is also reviewed along with different water treatment options to meet the needed "finished" water quality before use. Guidance is provided on how to determine the amount of supplemental landscape irrigation needed from stored stormwater, and how to calculate needed tankage volumes for many locations in the U.S. The report calculates the beneficial use opportunities of stormwater, especially landscaping irrigation, in different areas of the country, along with continuous modeling results for the development of production functions for tankage volume alternatives. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series . ISBN: 9781780400365 (eBook)
Effects of level and source of carbohydrate and level of degradable intake protein on intake and digestion of low-quality tallgrass-prairie hay by beef steers.

Ruminally fistulated steers (n = 13; 263 kg) were used in an incomplete Latin square with 13 treatments and four periods to evaluate the effects of level and source of supplemental carbohydrate (CHO) and level of degradable intake protein (DIP) on the utilization of low-quality, tallgrass-prairie hay. Steers were given ad libitum access to forage (5.7% CP, 2.6% DIP, and 74.9% NDF). The supplementation treatments were fashioned as a 2x3x2 factorial arrangement plus a negative control (NC; no supplement). The factors included two DIP levels (.031 and .122% BW) and three CHO sources (starch, glucose, and fiber) fed at two levels (.15 and .30% BW) within each level of DIP supplementation. The effect of supplementation on forage OM intake (FOMI) was dependent (P<.01) on level and source of CHO and level of DIP fed. When DIP was low, forage, total, and digestible OM intakes were generally greater for the starch treatment than for the nonstarch treatments. However, when the DIP level was high, intakes were greater for the nonstarch (i.e., fiber and glucose) treatments. Generally, FOMI decreased (P<.01) when more supplemental CHO was provided. Supplementation typically increased fiber digestion, but the response was dependent (P<.01) on level and source of CHO and level of DIP. Generally, supplements with low levels of CHO improved NDF digestion (NDFD). However, supplements with the high level of CHO decreased NDFD, except for fiber at the high level of DIP. Organic matter digestion was increased by supplementation, but the impact of increasing CHO was dependent (P<.01) on source of CHO and level of DIP. Supplementation treatments had significant impact on ruminal pH, NH3 N, and the total concentration of organic acids as well as their relative proportions. In conclusion, supplemental DIP enhanced the use of low-quality forage; however, the impact of supplemental CHO on low-quality forage use was dependent on source and level of CHO offered, as well as the level of DIP provided.
Comparative study of Constructive and Improvement Algorithms for Cell Formation with Alternative Routings

Abstract This paper describes a comparison of genetic algorithm and state space search algorithm for simultaneous formation of manufacturing cells and selection of process plans for parts with alternative plans. Both algorithms perform two simultaneous decisions: selection of process plan for parts between several alternatives, and assignment of parts and required machines to manufacturing cells. For genetic algorithm, a chromosome represents an assignment of machines to cells, and fitness function defined as number of inter-cell transfer is used to select the part route alternative with minimal inter-cell movements. The space search algorithm is based on classification and ordering of machines and application of space search to recursively assign the most critical machines and parts to cells. Both algorithms have been studied with several decision making criteria: intercellular traffic, size of the machine cells, ratio of state space expansion, and so on. The results presented in the paper include inter-cell transfers and the cell size. Both algorithms have been applied to the same set of cell formation problems with alternate routings from literature and representative results are shown. Performance of both algorithms is evaluated with respect to the quality of the obtained solution (as compared with different algorithms on the same problem from literature). The conclusions from this experiment are presented at the end of the paper.
Activation of High-TC Ferromagnetism in Mn2+-Doped ZnO using Amines

We report the discovery that high-TC ferromagnetism in manganese-doped ZnO (Mn2+:ZnO) can be activated by amine binding and calcination. The activation of ferromagnetism is attributed to the incorporation of uncompensated p-type dopants into the ZnO lattice upon amine calcination, a process that has substantial precedence in the literature surrounding p-type ZnO. The experimental observations are consistent with a microscopic mechanism involving formation of bound magnetic polarons upon introduction of p-type dopants into Mn2+:ZnO. These results clearly demonstrate that Mn2+:ZnO ferromagnetism is critically sensitive to defects other than the magnetic dopants themselves, offering some insight into the diversity of experimental observations reported previously for this material.
Increased carotenoid bioavailability from a unique, cislycopene containing tangerine-type tomato

Red tomatoes accumulate lycopene (LYC) in the trans configuration while orange-colored tangerine tomatoes accumulate LYC in cis forms. Previous work suggests cis-LYC may be more bioavailable compar...
Milk Production of Dairy Cows Fed Total Mixed Rations After a Grazing Period

Twenty multiparous Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design with repeated measures to study milk production of cows supplemented or not supplemented with concentrate when they were switched to a total mixed ration (TMR) after grazing. In one group, cows grazed an or-chardgrass/bromegrass pasture and were assigned to one of two treatments: 1) unsupplemented (U; 1 kg/d mineral mix) or 2) concentrate supplemented (CS; 1 kg corn-based concentrate/4 kg milk). Total DMI was greater (26.5 vs 22.0 kg/d), but pasture DMI was less (16.8 vs 21.2 kg/ d), for CS cows because of the substitution rate of 0.49 kg pasture/kg concentrate. Overall, CS cows had greater 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM) (32.9 vs 26.5 kg/d), but less milk urea N (MUN; 9.6 vs 14.7 mg/dL) and milk fat (3.13% vs 3.88%), than U cows. Milk response to supplementation averaged 1.08 kg milk/kg concentrate. Cows assigned to both treatments lost BW (-17 kg/d) and body condition score (BCS) (-0.33). At the end of the 6-wk grazing period, all cows were switched to a TMR fed in confinement for 11 wk. Overall, DMI (24.3 kg/d), 3.5% FCM (30.6 kg/d), milk fat (3.26%), milk true protein (2.87%), and MUN (12.7 mg/dL) did not differ between treatments. Cows gained BW (53 kg) and BCS (0.33). A significant treatment × time interaction was found for milk yield. During the first day of TMR feeding, milk yield was greater (30.9 vs 19.3 kg/d) for CS cows. After 10 d on a TMR, milk yields between cows that had previously been on the U or CS treatments did not differ (35.5 kg/d). When cows were switched from only pasture to a TMR, milk yield was comparable with that of cows fed CS after 10 d. Lack of carry-over effects of previous treatments and increased production suggest improvement in nutrition and the potential for greater animal well-being for cows housed in a tiestall barn and fed a nutritionally complete TMR.