cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Load Flexibility in Residential Buildings Using Home Energy Management Systems

With increasing penetration of renewable energy resources, the flexibility of operating behind-the-meter (BTM) resources plays a key role in enhancing grid reliability and resilience. Residential buildings with home energy management systems (HEMS) can provide desired flexibility for the distribution system operator (DSO) while considering customer comfort and preferences. This paper discusses a methodology to quantify the flexibility of BTM resources of residential buildings using HEMS. First, we propose a model predictive control framework to formulate the flexibility band comprising nominal, upper, and lower demand profiles. Second, the paper proposes a dispatch method for HEMS to compute the control signals for each BTM resource (e.g., air conditioner, water heater, home battery system) upon receiving a flexibility service request from the DSO. The case study provides insight into the flexibility provided at the whole-home level with different user preferences and seasons. The results demonstrate that HEMS is capable of providing flexibility service at the request of the DSO while delivering primary services to the building occupants.
Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis-a Matter of Protection.

Proanthocyanidins are the second most abundant plant phenolic polymer, but, despite intensive investigation, several aspects of their biosynthesis and functions remain unclear.
Redox Reservoirs: Enabling More Modular Electrochemical Synthesis

Ideally, electrochemical synthesis processes should perform value-added chemistries at both electrodes. However, electrochemical reactions are typically studied and optimized one half-reaction at a time and integrating different half-reactions into one cell often poses significant compatibility challenges. Wang et al . employed heterogeneous redox reservoirs to temporarily store charge and sequentially couple diverse anodic and cathodic reactions.
eHealth parent education for hearing aid management: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Parents frequently experience challenges implementing daily routines important for consistent hearing aid management. Education that supports parents in learning new information and gaining confide...
Preparing for Retirement and Career Transitions

While many situations in life benefit from careful planning and preparation, others require flexibility in response to life’s events and unforeseen circumstances, and the willingness to seek spiritual input, as indicated. My career as a surgically oriented, clinical, and academic radiation oncologist was far different from initial expectations and was influenced by a number of events and mentors along the way. Retirement including retirement transitions was definitely altered by life’s events.
Harmonic and Transient Motion of a Swept Wing in Supersonic Flow

The results of previous papers on the harmonic 1 , 3 and transient motion and loading of two-dimensional airfoils in supersonic flow are extended to include the infinite swept airfoil, provided tha t the component of flow normal to the leading edge remains supersonic. I t is shown tha t the various normal force derivatives are reduced by the cosine of the sweepback angle and tha t the effective Mach Number corresponds to the component of flow normal to the leading edge. This result is related to the invariance of the magnitude of the circulation under sweepback and Busemann's rule with respect to compressibility effects. The flutter of a swept wing is considered, and it is pointed out tha t sweepback introduces additional aerodynamic coupling between torsion and bending. The flutter of a supersonic swept wing with subsonic leading edge is discussed, and an approximate treatment is suggested.
Preliminary evaluation of a novel polyimide adhesive for bonding titanium and reinforced composites

A novel polyimide has been developed which shows promise as an adhesive for bonding titanium-to-titanium, titanium-to-polyimide composite and composite-to-composite with excellent lap shear strengths at room temperature and moderate strengths at 288 C. The adhesive is a high molecular weight polyimide made from commercially available monomers. The use of an ether as the solvent for the polymerization and for application of the polyamic acid enhanced the adhesive properties of the polyimide. At room temperature, P13N/glass composite bonded to titanium or to itself failed primarily in the surface layer of the composite, whereas at 260 C the failure was primarily cohesive. Failure of the P13N/unidirectional HT-S graphite composite-to-titanium bonded composites occurred in the composite regardless of the test temperature. Preliminary shear results with cross-plied P13N/HT-S graphite composite-to-composite specimens showed failure in the bonded surface fibers.
Application of adaptive cluster sampling to low-density populations of freshwater mussels

Freshwater mussels appear to be promising candidates for adaptive cluster sampling because they are benthic macroinvertebrates that cluster spatially and are frequently found at low densities. We applied adaptive cluster sampling to estimate density of freshwater mussels at 24 sites along the Cacapon River, WV, where a preliminary timed search indicated that mussels were present at low density. Adaptive cluster sampling increased yield of individual mussels and detection of uncommon species; however, it did not improve precision of density estimates. Because finding uncommon species, collecting individuals of those species, and estimating their densities are important conservation activities, additional research is warranted on application of adaptive cluster sampling to freshwater mussels. However, at this time we do not recommend routine application of adaptive cluster sampling to freshwater mussel populations. The ultimate, and currently unanswered, question is how to tell when adaptive cluster sampling should be used, i.e., when is a population sufficiently rare and clustered for adaptive cluster sampling to be efficient and practical? A cost-effective procedure needs to be developed to identify biological populations for which adaptive cluster sampling is appropriate.
Improvement of MODIS aerosol retrievals near clouds

[1] The retrieval of aerosol properties near clouds from reflected sunlight is challenging. Sunlight reflected from clouds can effectively enhance the reflectance in nearby clear regions. Ignoring cloud 3-D radiative effects can lead to large biases in aerosol retrievals, risking an incorrect interpretation of satellite observations on aerosol-cloud interaction. Earlier, we developed a simple model to compute the cloud-induced clear-sky radiance enhancement that is due to radiative interaction between boundary layer clouds and the molecular layer above. This paper focuses on the application and implementation of the correction algorithm. This is the first time that this method is being applied to a full Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) granule. The process of the correction includes converting Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System broadband flux to visible narrowband flux, computing the clear-sky radiance enhancement, and retrieving aerosol properties. We find that the correction leads to smaller values in aerosol optical depth (AOD), Angstrom exponent, and the small mode aerosol fraction of the total AOD. It also makes the average aerosol particle size larger near clouds than far away from clouds, which is more realistic than the opposite behavior observed in operational retrievals. We discuss issues in the current correction method as well as our plans to validate the algorithm.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Myelodysplasia-Related Changes

Objectives: Acute myeloid leukemia with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) is a heterogeneous disorder defined by morphologic, genetic, or clinical features. Genetic abnormalities associated with AML-MRC are often associated with adverse prognostic features, and many cases are preceded by a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or a myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm. Methods: Although the criteria of 20% or more blasts in blood or bone marrow and multilineage dysplasia affecting 50% or more of cells in two or more of the myeloid lineages seem straightforward for AML-MRC, identification of morphologic dysplasia among observers is not always consistent, and there is morphologic overlap with other leukemic disorders such as acute erythroleukemia. Results: Session 3 of the workshop cases displayed heterogeneity as expected within AML-MRC, yet several cases suggested that recently recognized entities may exist within this category, such as familial MDS/AML predisposition syndromes and rare cases of high-risk AML associated with the cryptic t(5;11)(q35;p15); NUP98-NSD1 that may masquerade as a del(5q). However, most cases of AML-MRC were usually associated with adverse genetic abnormalities, particularly −5/del(5q), −7/del(7q), and/or complex karyotypes. Conclusions: Whole-genome sequencing and array studies may identify genetic abnormalities, such as those affecting TP53, which may provide prognostic information.
Stillborn Twins at 26 Weeks of Gestation

Case Presentation The attached gross photograph is taken of stillborn twins, delivered at 26 weeks gestational age. Complete post mortem examination showed no dysmorphic features and no evidence of anatomic cause of stillbirth. What is the most likely cause of stillbirth in these twins?
Estimating Examiner Consistency with DMFS Measures

Within- and between-examiner reliability estimates were considered for standardization data. However, within-examiner stability was demonstrated to be the important measure of examiner consistency in the clinical trial because it directly affects the precision of the study. Finally, an argument is also made against the use of reversal rates in the assessment of examiner consistency.
Joint deconvolution and imaging

We investigate a Wiener fusion method to optimally combine multiple estimates for the problem of image deblurring given a known blur and a corpus of sharper training images. Nearest-neighbor estimation of high frequency information from training images is fused with a standard Wiener deconvolution estimate. Results show an improvement in sharpness and decreased artifacts compared to either the standard Wiener filter or the nearest-neighbor reconstruction.
Observation of a New Absorption Band of HOBr and Its Atmospheric Implications

A new absorption band of HOBr centered near 440 nm is detected by monitoring the yield of OH radicals as the wavelength of an excitation laser is scanned over the region from 440 to 650 nm. The ban...
Optimal prediction of stiff oscillatory mechanics

We consider many-body problems in classical mechanics where a wide range of time scales limits what can be computed. We apply the method of optimal prediction to obtain equations that are easier to solve numerically. We demonstrate by examples that optimal prediction can reduce the amount of computation needed to obtain a solution by several orders of magnitude.
On precise and correct qualitative probabilistic inference

In a recent paper I proposed a system for qualitative probabilistic reasoning, based on argumentation, and proved its correctness with respect to probability theory. This system was flawed. In particular, it failed to take proper account of d-separation, and so can give erroneous results in certain cases. This paper identifies some of the problems caused by this flaw, examines their extent, and then fixes the flaw. While the main thrust of the paper is to overcome this flaw, the discussion of the problems caused by the flaw exposes some general issues in qualitative probabilistic reasoning.
PROLONGED PULMONARY FUNCTION ABNORMALITIES FOLLOWING ATYPICAL MEASLES (AM)

Pulmonary involvement is known to occur in AM including extensive and prolonged x-ray findings. The physiologic severity and long-term significance of these abnormalities is unknown. We performed serial pulmonary function tests (PFT) in 6 previously healthy children (mean age 11) hospitalized with AM confirmed serologically. Four of 6 had no specific respiratory symptoms, while 1 child presented with acute respiratory failure. Chest x-rays demonstrated infiltrates and nodules, but no effusions. In addition to arterial blood gases, PFT's included spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity performed 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after admission. Mean PaO2 on admission was 59 mm Hg (range 42-70). PaO2 reverted to normal in 4 children by 2 weeks, and in all 6 by 4 weeks. PFT's initially were severely restricted. Values as % of predicted were: Vital Capacity 55%; Total Lung Capacity 59%; Diffusion Capacity 47%. Decreased exercise tolerance correlated with PFT changes, but x-ray findings did not. PFT's reverted to normal in 3 of 6 by 4 weeks, and in the remaining 3 by 8, 8, and 12 weeks. These studies suggest that the physiologic changes associated with AM are extremely variable. AM may be a cause of life-threatening respiratory insufficiency in previously healthy children. Physiologic changes of the restrictive type may exist despite lack of symptoms. These abnormalities may persist for months, but do not result in permanent damage despite persistence of x-ray abnormalities.
The Retailer's Role in Providing Safe Products

Abstract Retailers encounter several situations in which they should inspect and/or test products to try to minimize injuries to consumers and others. In this paper, these situations are reviewed and discussed in detail. Based on this analysis, several recommendations are suggested to retailers.
Nickel-catalyzed asymmetric allylation of alkyl Grignard reagents. Effect of ligands, leaving groups and a kinetic resolution with a hard nucleophile

Abstract Enantioselective addition of Grignard reagents to methyl 1,3-diphenylallyl ether in the presence of Ni(0)-phosphine catalysts is reported. Kinetic resolution (79 %ee) observed in the addition of MeMgBr has important implications for the mechanism and further development of this reaction as a valuable synthetic reaction.
Pedagogical Aids and Student Performance

I tested whether students' reported use and perceived helpfulness of textbook pedagogical aids and other instructional methods (e.g., group discussion) related to better exam performance. More than 200 undergraduates rated 10 commonly used pedagogical aids and instructional techniques. Students reported using boldface and italics terms and practice test questions most often, and they considered boldface and italicized terms, practice test questions, and online quizzes most helpful. The reported use of pedagogical aids and their perceived helpfulness did not relate to student performance on exams. Furthermore, the rated helpfulness of key terms related to worse scores on exams. Pedagogical aids may be useful teaching tools and learning enhancers, but this commonsensical hypothesis must be tested.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in an InAs/InGaAs quantum dots-in-a-well heterostructure

Ultrafast differential transmission spectroscopy is used to explore temperature-dependent carrier dynamics in an InAs/InGaAs quantum dots-in-a-well heterostructure. Electron-hole pairs are optically injected into the three dimensional GaAs barriers, after which we monitor carrier relaxation into the two dimensional InGaAs quantum wells and the zero dimensional InAs quantum dots by tuning the probe photon energy. We find that carrier capture and relaxation are dominated by Auger carrier-carrier scattering at low temperatures, with thermal emission playing an increasing role with temperature. Our experiments provide essential insight into carrier relaxation across multiple spatial dimensions.
Thrombospondins: old players, new games.

Purpose of review Thrombospondins (TSPs) are secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins from TSP family, which consists of five homologous members. They share a complex domain structure and have numerous binding partners in ECM and multiple cell surface receptors. Information that has emerged over the past decade identifies TSPs as important mediators of cellular homeostasis, assigning new important roles in cardiovascular pathology to these proteins. Recent findings Recent studies of the functions of TSP in the cardiovascular system, diabetes and aging, which placed several TSPs in a position of critical regulators, demonstrated the involvement of these proteins in practically every aspect of cardiovascular pathophysiology related to atherosclerosis: inflammation, immunity, leukocyte recruitment and function, function of vascular cells, angiogenesis, and responses to hypoxia, ischemia and hyperglycemia. TSPs are also critically important in the development and ultimate outcome of the complications associated with atherosclerosis – myocardial infarction, and heart hypertrophy and failure. Their expression and significance increase with age and with the progression of diabetes, two major contributors to the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. Summary This overview of recent literature examines the latest information on the newfound functions of TSPs that emphasize the importance of ECM in cardiovascular homeostasis and pathology. The functions of TSPs in myocardium, vasculature, vascular complications of diabetes, aging and immunity are discussed.
Multi-point CD measurement method to evaluate pattern fidelity and performance of mask

As mask feature size is shrinking, required accuracy and repeatability of mask CD measurement is more severe. CD-SEM which is usually used to measure below 0.5um pattern shows the degradation of repeatability by the sparkle noise. To reduce this, larger ROI (range of interest) is recommended on line and space patterns. But this wide ROI is difficult to use on Hole or isolated patterns. In this paper, anisotropic diffusion filtering method will be introduced to replace the ROI, and evaluated on various patterns such as holes and isolated patterns. It can also reduce the effects of defocus of CD-SEM and enhance the repeatability of CD-SEM. And multi-point CD measurement technique is described to reduce the local CD errors on CD uniformity of mask which is usual on one dimensional CD measurement conventionally. Using these methods, local CD uniformity and global CD uniformity of masks which is the key performance of mask quality can be measured more exactly compared to old CD measurement method. And we can give correct information of mask to reduce global CD uniformity by process tuning such as FEC (Fogging Effect Correction) or development process.
The pharmacotherapy of sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by acute and chronic complications, which can affect almost any organ system in the body. Recently, there has been remarkable progress in the pharmacotherapy of SCD, and therapeutic options have been greatly expanded beyond red blood cell transfusion and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The most successful approach has been the stimulation of Hb F production through drugs such as hydroxycarbamide, which reduces the frequency of vaso-occlusive pain events and is the only therapeutic agent at present approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for SCD. Hydroxycarbamide is still greatly underused, but its indications are being broadened through a number of Phase II and III clinical trials. Other Hb F-promoting agents such as decitabine and butyrate have been studied less extensively. Another approach is the use of agents that reduce red cell dehydration through blockage of ion channels in the red cell membrane. Also under investigation is manipulation of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism to counteract the effects of chronic hemolysis. As yet, unproven drugs include agents that target coagulation, inflammation and adhesion to vascular endothelium. In the near future we expect to see exploration of the efficacy of drug combinations and an expansion in the use of the proven therapeutic, hydroxycarbamide.
WE-C(SAM)-211-01: Physics of MR Safety

Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) is a non‐invasive and non‐ionizing imaging modality that has an excellent track record for safety in its capacity as a diagnostic imagingdevice for over 20 years. MRIdevices utilize a strong static magnetic field to polarize a sample, radiofrequency pulsed magnetic fields to excite the sample, and rapidly switched magnetic field gradients to spatially and temporally modulate the magnetization in the sample for image encoding. Because of their potential interaction with biological tissue as well as with medical implants or ancillary objects in the room, each of these fields presents a unique potential risk to the patient, staff or family members in the MRI environment that must be mitigated via education and constant vigilance. Additionally, innovations in MRI design and use can significantly impactsafety considerations in and around the suite. MRI is no longer exclusively confined to a diagnostic imaging environment as its use as a treatment planning, interventional or intra‐operative imagingdevice expands. In addition to the safety challenges associated with performing procedures in these unique environments, technological advancements also constantly engage a re‐evaluation of MRIsafety principles as they apply to monitoring of patients and objects in the MR suite. The use of higher field strengths as well as innovative bore designs which impact the spatial magnetic field gradients, such as wide or short bore magnets, may interact more strongly with implants or objects previously regarded as safe for use in the MRI environment. More powerful gradient systems invite much more rapid or higher resolution imaging acquisitions, which can increase the energy imparted to the patient or implant as well as push the limits of acoustic noise and peripheral nerve stimulation. The purpose of this continuing education review is to provide an overview for the Medical Physicist of the underlying physics which motivate many of the safety concerns associated with operating in the MRI environment. The primary intent is to provide additional perspective to, and promote a better understanding of, the current safety guidelines and recommendations as well as aid in addressing safety questions and concerns related to developing, operating and working in an MRI suite. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the major safety risks associated with MRI from a physics perspective 2. Understand the potential impactMRI technology may have on safety considerations 3. Review current FDA MRsafety guidelines
Comparative effects of high‐ and low‐intensity resistance training on thigh muscle strength, fiber area, and tissue composition in elderly women

The effects of 52 weeks resistance training at one of two exercise intensities on thigh muscle strength, fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and tissue composition were studied in healthy 65-79-year-old women. Subjects were assigned to either a control (CO), high-intensity (HI) or low-intensity (LO) training group. Exercise regimens consisted of three sets of leg press, knee extension, and knee flexion exercises, 3 days/week, at either 80% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM) for seven repetitions (HI) or 40% of 1-RM for 14 repetitions (LO). Dynamic muscle strength was evaluated by 1-RM, thigh lean tissue mass (LTM), fat mass, and bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and fiber CSA of vastus lateralis m. by histomorphometry. Muscle strength increased, on average (+/- SEM), by 59.4 +/- 7.9% and 41.5 +/- 7.9% for HI and LO, respectively, compared to 1.3 +/- 4.8% in CO (P = 0.0001). Type I fiber CSA increased over time (P < 0.05) in both exercise groups, with a trend for increased type II area (HI, P = 0.06; LO, P = 0.11). There was no significant effect of either exercise program on thigh tissue composition, except for BMD at the 1/3 site (middle third of the femur), where LO and CO groups experienced a decline (P < 0.05) of -2.2 +/- 0.5% and -1.8 +/- 0.6%, respectively, while HI maintained BMD (+1.0 +/- 1.0%). Both training programs produced significant gains in thigh muscle strength, which were associated with fiber hypertrophy, although these did not translate into appreciable alterations in thigh tissue composition.
WEIGHT SPLIT'S EFFECT ON VEHICLE ROLLOVER PROPENSITY AND ESC EFFECTIVENESS

Abstract This paper presents the ongoing results of an investigation into the effect that changes in weight and its location have on vehicle rollover, which has commonly been overlooked when it comes to the development and testing of new automobiles and unmanned ground vehicles. This is partially due to the fact that weight transfer is not easy to measure or account for. With the longitudinal location of the vehicle center of gravity known, stability controllers can better adapt to prevent rollover during extreme maneuvers. Our testing proves that even small changes in the weight split can negatively affect the speed in which a vehicle can remain stable during certain emergency maneuvers.
High-speed Internal Finishing of Capillary Tubes by Magnetic Abrasive Finishing

Abstract In magnetic abrasive finishing, the development of a multiple pole-tip system using a partially heat-treated magnetic tool allows the finishing of multiple regions simultaneously in capillary tubes and thus improves the finishing efficiency. To further reduce the processing time required, a new high-speed machine is fabricated. This paper describes the development of the high-speed multiple pole-tip finishing equipment, which is capable of rotating the spindle up to 30000 min-1, and the effects of tube rotational speed on abrasive motion during the finishing experiments. Also, the finishing mechanisms of the high-speed machine are clarified.
Bile Acids Have the Gall to Function as Hormones

In this issue of Cell Metabolism, Thomas et al. (2009) show that specific activation of the bile-acid-activated G protein-coupled receptor TGR5 improves pancreatic and hepatic function and impairs the development of obesity following administration of a high-fat diet.
Advance ratio effects on the flow structure and unsteadiness of the dynamic-stall vortex of a rotating blade in steady forward flight

The effect of advance ratio on the flow structures above a rotor blade in dynamic-stall is studied using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. The dynamic-stall vortex shows a significant velocity component in its core, implying a helical structure progressing radially outboard. In addition, a dual-vortical structure was observed at inboard locations only at high advance ratios. The radial velocity attenuates at outboard locations, in contrast to the expected increase with centripetal acceleration. This attenuation is accompanied by an increase in unsteadiness of the vortex. The unsteadiness shows a low-frequency cycle-to-cycle variation despite steady freestream conditions and phase-locked blade tracking. Proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of the dominant flow mode confirms the unsteady behavior of the leading-edge vortex. The dependence on advance ratio is used to relate the unsteadiness of the dynamic-stall vortex to Coriolis effects.
Food Recognition by the Elderly

While blindfolded, 27 young college students and 29 elderly subjects tasted and smelled a series of unseasoned blended foods. The elderly subjects were significantly less able to identify the foods than young subjects. The elderly subjects rated the foods on adjective scales in such a way that a multidimensional scaling of these ratings yielded only one dimension, related to the hedonic aspect of the foods. The multidimensional solution for youthful subjects' ratings was two-dimensional, indicating more discrimination among foods for young subjects compared with the elderly. Significantly more elderly subjects commented on the weakness of the smell or taste of the foods.
Analytic Bethe Ansatz and Baxter equations for long-range psl(2|2) spin chain

Abstract We study the largest particle-number-preserving sector of the dilatation operator in maximally supersymmetric gauge theory. After exploring one-loop Bethe ansatz for the underlying spin chain with psl ( 2 | 2 ) symmetry for simple root systems related to several Kac–Dynkin diagrams, we use the analytic Bethe anzats to construct eigenvalues of transfer matrices with finite-dimensional atypical representations in the auxiliary space. We derive closed Baxter equations for eigenvalues of nested Baxter operators. We extend these considerations for a non-distinguished root system with FBBF grading to all orders of perturbation theory in 't Hooft coupling. We construct generating functions for all transfer matrices with auxiliary space determined by Young supertableaux ( 1 a ) and ( s ) and find determinant formulas for transfer matrices with auxiliary spaces corresponding to skew Young supertableaux. The latter yields fusion relations for transfer matrices with auxiliary space corresponding to representations labelled by square Young supertableaux. We derive asymptotic Baxter equations which determine spectra of anomalous dimensions of composite Wilson operators in noncompact psl ( 2 | 2 ) subsector of N = 4 super-Yang–Mills theory.
Abstract 398: Interleukin 6 may predict chemoresistant ovarian cancer

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been hypothesized to facilitate the growth and progression of some malignancies by increasing angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian ascites from chemotherapy-naive ovarian cancer patients and determine whether cytokines including IL-6 could predict resistance. After IRB approval, patient ascites and metastatic implants were collected. The metastatic implants were evaluated for platinum sensitivity by treatment with 50 uM carboplatin for 48 hours and then cell viability was analyzed. The cells were removed by centrifugation from the ascites fluid and expression of IL-6, IL-1a, IL-1ra, IL-8, VEGF, and RANTES was evaluated in the fluid and lysed cells separately using a Millipore Custom Magnetic Bead Kit (Millipore, Billerica, MA) on a Bio-Plex Cytokine Assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA). Twelve patients with advanced stage ovarian papillary serous carcinoma undergoing primary cytoreductive surgery had ascites samples which were adequate for analysis. Six patients were platinum sensitive and 6 patients were platinum resistant. IL-6 levels in the acellular fluid correlated with chemoresistance (P = 0.05). IL-1a and IL-1ra levels tended to be associated with chemoresistance (P = 0.22; P = 0.1) while IL-8 and VEGF levels tended to be associated with chemosensitivity (P = 0.23; P = 0.16). RANTES showed no association with either chemoresistance or chemosensitivity. Levels of cytokines extracted from the cells were low and did not impact the results of analysis of the cytokines. We conclude that levels of IL-6 in ascites may indicate platinum resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 398. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-398
Threshold excitation of short-lived atomic inner-shell hole states with synchrotron radiation.

The Xe ${L}_{3}\ensuremath{-}{M}_{4}{M}_{5} (^{1}G_{4})$ Auger spectrum, photoexcited in the vicinity of the ${L}_{3}$ edge, has been measured as a function of photon energy. The $\mathrm{nd}$ spectator-electron satellite lines show resonant behavior. The diagram line exhibits the larges (\ensuremath{\gtrsim} 1 eV) post-collision interaction shift yet observed. For comparison with the data, the first fully quantum-mechanical calculation of the post-collision interaction in deep inner-shell Auger decay is performed, based on a resonant-scattering approach that involves a complete summation over intermediate ${L}_{3}$ one-hole states.
Daily timing of hatching of a rotifer, Keratella cochlearis

Groups of Keratella cochlearis f. tecta were collected over a complete diel period from a shallow pool. Observed in the laboratory, the hatchings of the field-produced eggs were not significantly periodic.
Detecting micro-particles of explosives at ten meters using selective stimulated Raman scattering

We demonstrate standoff detection using stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), simultaneously measuring stimulated Raman gain (SRG) and loss (SRL) within a single laser shot, and detect nanogram quantities of explosives using a 10mW femtosecond laser.
U1, U2, and U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins are required for in vitro splicing but not polyadenylation

The requirement for individual U RNAs in splicing and polyadenylation was investigated using oligonucleotide-directed cleavage of snRNAs in in vitro processing extracts. Cleavage of U1, U2, or U4 RNA inhibited splicing but not polyadenylation of short precursor RNAs. Thus each snRNA and the snRNP in which it is assembled participates in the splicing reaction. Splicing activity was recovered when extracts containing cleaved U RNAs were mixed in pairwise combinations, indicating that U1, U2, and U4/U6 snRNPs independently interact with the assembling spliceosome. The involvement of multiple snRNPs in the splicing of simple precursor RNAs suggests that the spliceosome is a large complex assembly consisting of multiple snRNPs whose activity is dependent on the structural integrity of the individual U RNAs.
Resolution of exercise intolerance secondary to ischemic sinus node dysfunction following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

We report on a case of significant exertional symptoms secondary to occlusion of a nondominant right coronary artery proximal to the sino-atrial branch, with associated exercise-induced sinus node dysfunction. Successful angioplasty of the occluded right coronary artery restored a normal functional capacity and sinus tachycardia response to exercise.
Outcomes of Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries during Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Intraoperative medial collateral ligament (MCL) disruption during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often managed with either primary repair or use of a constrained implant. A total of 23 patients with an MCL injury during TKA between 2003 and 2009 were compared with 92 matched controls. Of the 23 patients, 10 were treated with an unconstrained implant and primary MCL repair, 8 with constrained implants, 3 with constrained implants and MCL repair, and 2 with unconstrained implants and no MCL repair. After an average 5-year follow-up, patients had lower Knee Society Scores (KSS), 79 versus 87 (p = 0.03), but similar Knee Function Scores (KFS), 68 versus 72 (p = 0.35). The improvement between preoperative and postoperative KSS and KFS did not vary among the two groups (p = 0.88 and p = 0.77, respectively). Postoperative scores did not vary significantly among the four treatment modalities. Conservative treatment can provide satisfactory outcomes and avoid potential complications of increased constraint.
Nanotube Membrane Sensors: Resistive Sensing and Ion Channel Mimetics

Nanotubule membranes are utilized for sensing applications and ion channel mimetics. The nanotubule membranes are composed of either gold or alumina. The gold nanotubule membranes are prepared via electroless deposition of Au on to the pore walls of a polycarbonate membrane, ie, the pores act as templates for the nanotubes. These membranes are a new class of molecular sieves and can be used to separate small molecules on the basis of molecular size. In addition, the use of these membranes in new approaches to electrochemical sensing is discussed. In this case, a current is forced through the nanotubes, and analyte molecules present in a contacting solution phase modulate the value of this transmembrane current. We further discuss synthetic micropore and nanotube membranes that mimic the function of a ligand-gated ion channel, ie, these membranes can be switched from an ‘off’ state (no or low ion current through the membrane) to an ‘on’ state (higher ion current) in response to the presence of a chemical stimulus, eg, drug or surfactant. Ion channel mimics are based on both modified Au nanotube and microporous alumina membranes. First published online: July 12, 2002.
Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Ketoacidosis

The effect of “low-dose” (6–10 U/h) insulin treatment on the rate of decline of plasma glucose concentration was determined in 15 diabetic subjects admitted in ketoacidosis (plasma glucose = 948 ± 79 mg/dl) and in six normal volunteers rendered hyperglycemic by a combined infusion of somatostatin and glucose (plasma glucose = 653 ± 28 mg/dl). The fractional glucose turnover and the half-time of the fall in plasma glucose during insulin treatment were both 10-fold reduced (P In the ketoacidotic patients, a history of prior insulin therapy, but not the degree of hyperglycemia at the time of admission, was associated with a more rapid rate of decline of plasma glucose in response to insulin treatment. We conclude that marked insulin resistance is present in virtually all diabetics in ketoacidosis.
Who owns this conflict? The challenge of community involvement in restorative justice

As an alternative means of achieving justice, restorative practices are touted as community based. The ownership of decisions regarding the response to crime belongs to the key stakeholders, including victim(s), offender(s), and members of the community, both large and small. Each is invited to participate and through their participation, the stakeholders come to own the justice process and its outcomes. One challenge facing restorative practices lies in getting the community to participate. Without the community, several aspects of justice that are restorative, including forgiveness, support for participants, and reintegration are unlikely outcomes. This research examines community involvement in a victim–offender mediation program through observation and analysis of the agreements produced. The findings suggest that while restorative justice is theorized as community based, the community, in this case, appears absent.
Intraoperative and Perioperative Complications During Revision Arthroplasty for Salvage of a Failed Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Background:Revision of a failed total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) remains a challenge. Advances in total ankle implant design have renewed interest in revision TAA as an alternative to ankle arthrodesis or amputation in the management of a failed TAA. The purpose of our study was to review a series of failed Agility TAA revised to INBONE II TAA and identify reasons for revision as well as perioperative complications.Methods:A retrospective review of 35 cases of failed Agility TAA revised to an INBONE II TAA was performed at 1 institution. Patient demographics, indications for revision, radiographs, and complications were reviewed. The average follow-up was 9.1 months (range, 0-28 months). All revisions were performed by 1 of 2 foot and ankle surgeons familiar with both prostheses.Results:The Agility TAA lasted a mean of 6.7 years prior to revision to an INBONE II TAA. Revision TAA was indicated due to mechanical loosening, osteolysis, periprosthetic fracture, and a dislocated prosthesis. Adjunctive procedure...
A two locus model for juvenile diabetes

Summary As stated before, the aim of this analysis was t o determine if a two locus plus environment disease model for IDDX mould give predicted values of various population parameters in agreelllent with observed values, or whether the model could be ruled out by obvious discrepancy between sonie predicted and observed values. It is assumed that the HLA linked ‘;disease’ allele D, follows a recessive mode of inheritance, with an allele frequency of approximately 357;. The results show that the addition of a second ‘disease’ locus gives predicted values that, are certainly not in disagreement with observed values. This in no way proves that this is the mechanism operating with IDDN but certainly makes it a feasible possibility. The discrepancies with observed population parameters of the one locus plus environment dominant and recessive models, plus the discrepancy between concordance rate in monozygous twins and incidence in sibs of probands, plus the observations of association of the Lewis blood group with IDDX, provide evidence in favour of the present two locus model. At the moment no real distinction can be made as t o whether it is more likely that the hypothesized second ‘disease’ locus would follow a dominant or recessive mode of inheritance. A further point of interest from the study by Vague et al. (1978) is the demonstration that not only IDDSI but also maturity onset diabetes shows an association with the Lewis negative blood group. This opens up exciting possibilities concerning the relationship of the two diseases. It may be that susceptibility to maturity onset diabetes is determined either solely by one locus (D2) or by D, plus other loci, plus environmental effects, while susceptibility to IDDM is determined by two (or possibly more) loci (D1 and D,) plus environmental effects. The observation by MacDonaltl(1974) of an equal incidence of maturity-onset diabetes among the ancestors of juvenile-diabetics and non-diabetics would argue against such an hypothesis. However, further investigation of this question is called for in view of Vague et al (1978) observation. Obserx-ations from the mouse are also supportive of the involvement of more than one locus in determining the degree of severity of diabetes. Coleman (1978) states that in the mouse, ‘The severity and clinical course of the diabetes produced depends on the interaction of the mutant, gene with the inbred background rather than the action of the gene itself. Thus on one genetic background a well-compensated, maturity onset type diabetes, compatible with nearnormal life is observed whereas on another inbred background the syndrome presents as a juvenile-type diabetes with insulinopenia, islet cell degeneration, marked hyperglycaemia, sonie ketosis and a much shoxtened lifespan.’ I n these studies the diabetic ‘disease’ locus being studied follows a recessive mode of inheritance and ‘the modifiers leading to islet hypertrophy and well-compensated diabetes compatible with a near normal lifespan are dominant to those factors causing severe diabetes’ (Coleman, 1978).
The Solar Neutrino Problem—A Progress(?) Report

The conflict between observation and theoretical prediction of the flux of electron neutrinos from the sun has advanced in the past year from being merely difficult to understand to being impossible to live with. We review here attempts to explore the nature of the conflict, to seek possible ways out of it, and to inquire into additional experiments that have the capability either of resolving the conflict or at least of deciding which branch of physics or astrophysics is responsible for it.
The power structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Transition from populism to clientelism, and militarization of the government

Abstract Since the1979 revolution, Iran has experienced two non-class power structures—populism and clientelism. Populism, a product of the revolution, helped Ayatollah Khomeini to rule Iran for a decade with absolute power. Clientelism in Iran is linked to Shiism, as well as to a rentier state, and to the revolution, which resulted in many autonomous groups formed in patron – client bonds. Neither clientelism nor Shiism can be analysed using classical class system theory. Instead of horizontal layers of classes, the power structures in both Shi'ism and clientelism are based on vertical columns of rival and autonomous groups. The traditional Shi'a institution of Marja'iyat (source of emulation), has come into conflict with an elected government. The reformist government elected in 1997 failed to deliver on its democratic promises and to end the destructive role of autonomous groups. Therefore, disenchanted with state-sponsored reforms, Iranian society seems to be moving towards pragmatism and utilitariani...
Theoretical estimations of ΔH°f,T, ΔS°f,T, and ΔG°f,T for Ca(O2)2

Abstract Theoretical calculations have been made to predict the standard heat, entropy, and free energy of formation of Ca(O 2 ) 2 . It is concluded that while the free energy of formation of Ca(O 2 ) 2 is strongly negative over the temperature range 100 to 550°K, the compound is thermodynamically unstable relative to CaO and CaO 2 .
Heart Failure and Movement-induced Hemodynamics: Partitioning the Impact of Central and Peripheral Dysfunction

Abstract Background The complex pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) creates a challenging paradigm to differentiate the role of central and peripheral hemodynamic dysfunction during conventional exercise. Adopting a novel reductionist approach with potential clinical relevance, we studied the central and peripheral contributors to both continuous and single passive leg movement (PLM)-induced hyperemia in 14 HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and 13 controls. Methods Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and femoral artery blood flow (FBF) were recorded during PLM. Results The FBF response (area under the curve; AUC) to 60s of continuous PLM was attenuated in the HFrEF (25±15ml AUC) compared to controls (199±34ml AUC) as were peak changes from baseline for FBF, leg vascular conductance (LVC), CO, and HR. During single PLM, increases in CO and HR were smaller and no longer different between groups, supporting the use of this modality to assess groups with disparate central hemodynamics. Interestingly, single PLM-induced hyperemia, likely predominantly driven by flow-mediated vasodilation due to minimal vessel deformation, was essentially nonexistent in the HFrEF (−9±10ml AUC) in contrast to the controls (43±25ml AUC). Conclusions These data fail to support a HFrEF-associated exaggeration in the mechanoreceptor driven component of the exercise pressor response. In fact, by exhibiting limited central hemodynamic responses compared to the controls, the observed attenuation in movement-induced FBF in HFrEF appears largely due to peripheral vascular dysfunction, particularly flow-mediated vasodilation.
Ethical leadership: A review and future directions

Abstract Our literature review focuses on the emerging construct of ethical leadership and compares this construct with related concepts that share a common concern for a moral dimension of leadership (e.g., spiritual, authentic, and transformational leadership). Drawing broadly from the intersection of the ethics and leadership literatures, we offer propositions about the antecedents and outcomes of ethical leadership. We also identify issues and questions to be addressed in the future and discuss their implications for research and practice. Our review indicates that ethical leadership remains largely unexplored, offering researchers opportunities for new discoveries and leaders opportunities to improve their effectiveness.
Parent‐Child Communication About Adolescent Tobacco and Alcohol Use: What Do Parents Say and Does It Affect Youth Behavior?

Parent-child communication about tobacco and alcohol use is assumed to be critical to child use of these substances, but it rarely has been systematically described and related to adolescent use. This study included a national sample of 537 adolescent-parent pairs interviewed by telephone at baseline and again 1 year later. Factor analysis of parent reports of communication identified 3 domains: rules and discipline, consequences and circumstances, and media influences. Communication in these domains varied by family characteristics, including parents' substance use and mother's education level. Contrary to assumptions, parent-child communication was not related to initiation of smoking or drinking. Additional analyses suggested, however, that parent-child communication about rules and discipline predicted escalation of use.