cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of in-situ stress fields from P-wave seismic data

Summary Estimating the orientations and magnitudes of the maximum and minimum horizontal in-situ stress fields is important for characterizing unconventional and carbonsequestrated reservoirs. For unconventional reservoirs they are needed for optimal placement of hydraulic fractures and for the carbon sequestrated reservoirs they are needed to avoid fracturing of the overlying seal rocks during and after carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. The orientations and magnitudes of the in-situ stress fields can be calculated at well locations and to obtain them over a three-dimensional (3D) area, the well data are usually interpolated over the interpreted horizons of stacked 3D seismic data volumes. Such an approach may be adequate in mature exploration areas with sufficiently good well control, but could be misleading when well control is sparse. Because the in-situ stress fields induce anisotropy in observed seismic data, we analyzed the azimuthal reflection amplitude variations of real P-wave seismic data from the Rock-Springs uplift, Wyoming and calculated the directions of principal azimuthal anisotropy. By relating these calculations to wellbore breakout orientations interpreted from image logs we found that the principal anisotropy direction obtained from the seismic data correspond exactly with the direction of the maximum horizontal stress computed from the image log analyses. We conclude that azimuthally sorted P-wave seismic data once calibrated with the well data could potentially be used for predicting the in-situ stress fields over a 3D area using our method.
Intradural metastases of chordoma.

Metastatic spread of chordoma usually occurs in an ad­ vanced stage of the disease. The common sites of metas­ tases are lungs, bones, skin, and lymph nodes. A review of the literature revealed no previous reports of chordoma me­ tastasizing to the subarachnoid space from a distant primary focus. Case Reports Case 1 A 59-year-old man with sacral chordoma had several resections of locally recurring disease during a 6-year period following diagnosis. The present hospital admission of the patient, now 65, was prompted by several weeks of pain in the right buttock and progressive difficulty in walking. A tender soft-tissue mass in the right buttock area, weakness and muscle atrophy of both lower extremities, and de­ creased sensation in the distribution of the fourth lumbar root bilat­ erally were noted on physical examination. CT showed a large posterior pelvic mass with destruction of the sacrum extending up to the L4 vertebra. MR revealed a sacral mass, confined to the pelvis and lower lumbar spine, but no abnormalities above the L4 level. Multiple intradural nodular lesions were demonstrated in the lumbar sac on metrizamide myelography (Fig . 1). A palliative surgical procedure and laminectomy up to the L 1 level were carried out. The main tumor mass was debulked and multiple intradural tumor nodules were resected from the lumbar arachnoid sac. Pathology revealed chordoma. The patient's condition improved significantly after surgery, but he returned with similar symptoms 6 months later.
The Role of Grid Technology in Higher Vocational Education Resource Sharing

The teaching resource of higher vocational education has features of timely information delivering,autonomous in learning,interactive in teaching and resource sharing.The resource sharing is very important in higher vocational education.The grid technology provides a tool for connecting the resources in the internet,and can realize the sharing of computing resources,storage resources,communicating resources,software resources,information resources and knowledge resources,thus eliminate the isolated island of resource.The application of grid technology may resolve some of the problems that exist in the teaching resource in higher vocational education,realize the resource sharing,reform the traditional mode of teaching and management,and constitute a networked learning platform for autonomous and collaborated learning.
New Stress Reduction Coefficient Relationship for Liquefaction Triggering Analyses

AbstractSince its inception in the early 1970s, the stress-based simplified procedure has become the standard of practice worldwide for evaluating liquefaction triggering potential. Central to this procedure is the stress reduction coefficient, rd, which allows the estimation of the seismically induced stresses at depth in a soil profile without the need to perform a numerical site response analysis. Proposed herein is a new rd relationship that was developed from equivalent-linear site response analyses performed on soil profiles representative of those in the liquefaction case history databases. The input motions used in the analyses are representative of those from shallow crustal earthquakes. Two variants of the rd relationship are presented that allow it to be used when the profile’s shear-wave velocities are either known or unknown, with the former yielding values having less uncertainty. Additionally, calibration coefficients are provided for both active and stable continental tectonic regimes. In ...
The Relations between Natural Philosophy and Theology

Although the early centuries of Christianity played a significant role in shaping the relations between natural philosophy and theology in the Middle Ages, developments in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries were more directly relevant in establishing the interplay between these two enormously important disciplines, an interplay that may appropriately be interpreted as surrogate for the relationship between science and religion. Nevertheless, to better appreciate and understand the long-term connections and antipathies between these two disciplines, it is desirable to describe briefly the manner in which they began their relations in the early centuries of the rise and development of Christianity. When Christianity first emerged within the Roman Empire, pagan culture and literature were already centuries old. The fact that Christianity, in contrast to Islam some centuries later, was disseminated rather slowly – it was not until 392 ad that Christianity became the state religion, almost four centuries after it first emerged – enabled Christians to adjust to pagan philosophy and literature and to contemplate what role, if any, it might play in their religion. Those who were instrumental in shaping the attitudes of the early Church toward pagan philosophy, and especially natural philosophy are known collectively as the Church Fathers. They came to represent two major approaches toward pagan natural philosophy. The first approach was quite hostile, regarding pagan science and philosophy as of little use to Christianity and even potentially harmful.
Novel acquisition techniques that are facilitated by 3T

Introduction Compared with lower field strength systems, magnetic resonance (MR) at 3T has many theoretical and real advantages. Included in the advantages are higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) as well as larger spectral separation of fat, water, and various metabolites which can be used to improve fat saturation techniques as well as MR spectroscopy methods. In addition to these advantages that can be applied to already routine clinical imaging, 3T systems also provide advantages that can be exploited for novel techniques. This chapter will outline the advantages of 3T systems in terms of basic physics considerations, application, and advantages in routine sequences as well as potential application in novel imaging techniques such as MR spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), as well as magnetic resonance elastography (MRE).
Transforming the vestibular system one molecule at a time: the molecular and developmental basis of vertebrate auditory evolution.

We review the molecular basis of auditory development and evolution. We propose that the auditory periphery (basilar papilla, organ of Corti) evolved by transforming a newly created and redundant vestibular (gravistatic) endorgan into a sensory epithelium that could respond to sound instead of gravity. Evolution altered this new epithelia’s mechanoreceptive properties through changes of hair cells, positioned the epithelium in a unique position near perilymphatic space to extract sound moving between the round and the oval window, and transformed its otolith covering into a tympanic membrane. Another important step in the evolution of an auditory system was the evolution of a unique set of “auditory neurons” that apparently evolved from vestibular neurons. Evolution of mammalian auditory (spiral ganglion) neurons coincides with GATA3 being a transcription factor found selectively in the auditory afferents. For the auditory information to be processed, the CNS required a dedicated center for auditory processing, the auditory nuclei. It is not known whether the auditory nucleus is ontogenetically related to the vestibular or electroreceptive nuclei, two sensory systems found in aquatic but not in amniotic vertebrates, or a de-novo formation of the rhombic lip in line with other novel hindbrain structures such as pontine nuclei. Like other novel hindbrain structures, the auditory nuclei express exclusively the bHLH gene Atoh1, and loss of Atoh1 results in loss of most of this nucleus in mice. Only after the basilar papilla, organ of Corti evolved could efferent neurons begin to modulate their activity. These auditory efferents most likely evolved from vestibular efferent neurons already present. The most simplistic interpretation of available data suggest that the ear, sensory neurons, auditory nucleus, and efferent neurons have been transformed by altering the developmental genetic modules necessary for their development into a novel direction conducive for sound extraction, conduction, and processing.
Highly Sensitive Analysis of Proteins and Metabolites by Metal Tagging Using LC-ICP-MS

Sensitive and selective analytical methods are a fundamental requirement in science, including biochemistry. For example, when there are significant differences in the amounts of proteins and metabolites in a biological sample, all of them must be considered for proteomics and metabolomics, even if their contents are very low. Now, the analytical technique with metal tag using liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) attracts attention as a highly sensitive method. It is used in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which is one of the most sensitive instruments for the detection and determination of organic compounds, proteins, and metabolites. The organic compounds are usually unable to be detected with ICP-MS. Then, they are artificially derivatized by metal tag reagent before detection. The derivatization with metal tag reagents is performed for the purpose of building the bond between the metal and the analytes. The metal of the metal tag is able to select for the easy detection and high sensitivity of ICP-MS. The derivatization is almost never used for inorganic analysis. But, it is a well-known preparation in chromatography. It is able to convert the nature of the analytes as necessary. Especially, addition of a metal tag has the advantage to use ICP-MS for sensitive and highly selective detection. Therefore, this method by metal tag with using LC-ICP-MS is expected as the newest ultra-trace analytical technique for proteins and metabolites.
A wave-based model for cross-beam energy transfer in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion

Cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) is thought to be responsible for a 30% reduction in hydrodynamic coupling efficiency on OMEGA and up to 50% at the ignition scale for direct-drive (DD) implosions. These numbers are determined by ray-based models that have been developed and integrated within the radiation–hydrodynamics codes LILAC (1-D) and DRACO (2-D). However, ray-based modeling of CBET in an inhomogeneous plasma assumes a steady-state plasma response, does not include the effects of beam speckle, and treats ray caustics in an ad hoc manner. The validity of the modeling for ignition-scale implosions has not yet been determined. To address the physics shortcomings, which have important implications for DD inertial confinement fusion, a new wave-based model has been developed. It solves the time-enveloped Maxwell equations in three dimensions, including polarization effects, plasma inhomogeneity, and open-boundary conditions with the ability to prescribe beams incident at arbitrary angles. Beams can be m...
Devices and interventions for the prevention of adverse outcomes of tachycardia on heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of hospitalization in the USA. Despite advances in pharmacologic management, the incidence of HF is on the rise and survivability is persistently reduced. Sympathetic overdrive is implicated in the pathophysiology of HF, particularly HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Tachycardia can be particularly deleterious and thus has spurred significant investigation to mitigate its effects. Various modalities including vagus nerve stimulation, baroreceptor activation therapy, spinal cord stimulation, renal sympathetic nerve denervation, left cardiac sympathetic denervation, and carotid body removal will be discussed. However, the effects of these modalities on tachycardia and its outcomes in HFrEF have not been well-studied. Further studies to characterize this are necessary in the future.
The Luminosities of Horizontal Branches and RR Lyrae Stars in Globular Clusters

We have utilized the latest stellar models of the Y 2 (Yonsei-Yale) collaborators and color-magnitude diagrams of globular clusters to infer ages and absolute magnitudes of their horizontal branches (HB). The intrinsic (B – V) color indices of the turn-offs, of the globular clusters were used to find ages. For 47 clusters that appear to be coeval (within ±0.7 Gyr), we find an average age of 12.5 Gyr. We adopt this age and infer the absolute magnitudes of the turn-offs, from the clusters [Fe/H] values. The absolute magnitude of the horizontal branches or RR Lyrae stars are then determined from the difference between the apparent magnitudes of the horizontal branches (or RR Lyrae stars) and the apparent magnitude of the turn-offs, VTO . We conclude: 1) The slope of the MV(HB), [Fe/H] relation is ~0.3 for clusters with [Fe/H] values between —0.5 to —1.5. The relation has zero slope for [Fe/H] values smaller than −1.5. 2) For [Fe/H] < -1.3, the MV(HB) or MV values of RRLyrae stars are not only a function of [Fe/H], but the horizontal-branch type in the sense that the clusters with the blue horizontal branches have more luminous horizontal branches than clusters with red horizontal branches. The same results are found by inferring the luminosities of the HBs from pulsating blue stragglers.
A glycosylphosphatidylinositol protein anchor from procyclic stage Trypanosoma brucei: lipid structure and biosynthesis.

Cells of the insect (procyclic) stage of the life cycle of the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, express an abundant stage-specific glycosylated phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored glycoprotein, the procyclic acidic repetitive protein (PARP). The anchor is insensitive to the action of bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC), suggesting that it contains an acyl-inositol. We have recently described the structure of a PI-PLC resistant glycosylphosphatidylinositol, PP1, which is specific to the procyclic stage, and have presented preliminary evidence that the phosphatidylinositol portion of the protein-linked GPI on PARP has a similar structure. In this paper we show, by metabolic labelling with [3H]fatty acids, that the PARP anchor contains palmitate esterified to inositol, and stearate at sn-1, in a monoacylglycerol moiety, a structure identical to PP1. Using pulse-chase labelling, we show that both fatty acids are incorporated into the GPI anchor from a large pool of metabolic precursors, rather than directly from acyl-CoA. We also demonstrate that the addition of the GPI anchor moiety to PARP is dependent on de novo protein synthesis, excluding the possibility that incorporation of fatty acids into PARP can occur by a remodelling of pre-existing GPI anchors. Finally we show that the phosphatidylinositol (PI) species that are utilized for GPI biosynthesis are a subpopulation of the cellular PI molecular species. We propose that these observations may be of general validity since several other eukaryotic membrane proteins (e.g. human erythrocyte acetylcholine esterase and decay accelerating factor) have been reported to contain palmitoylated inositol residues.
Automated and Rapid Methods in Clinical Microbiology: Past, Present and Future

Instrument development in microbiology has focused on automating the traditional process of bacterial identification using growth-dependent technology. With the advent of genetic tools, advances in immunology, and engineering innovations microbiologists are moving away from the traditions of culture-dependent technology and are concentrating on the development of rapid, specific, nongrowth-dependent systems with a potential for automation.
Transformation of biomanufacturing by single-use systems and technology

Biomanufacturing has been and continues to be transformed by the rapid innovation and adoption of single use technology (SUT). SUT has changed how bioprocesses are designed, scaled, operated, controlled, and the speed at which new technology can be incorporated into biomanufacturing. We are continually seeing advances in single use bioreactors, mixing vessels, harvest technology, and downstream bioprocess equipment. This transformation has not been limited to bioprocess equipment. In this contribution, a summary of how SUT is rapidly transforming bioprocesses and the facilities they operate in will be discussed, including SUT enabled bioprocess intensification through high cell density perfusion and continuous biomanufacturing processes. Examples of how SUT has opened up new approaches to achieving regulatory and bioprocess requirements resulting in simplified, less costly facilities to build and to operate will be presented.
New burrowing mayflies from Africa (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae)

Eatonica crassi spec. nov. and Ephemera mooiana spec. nov. are descriptionbed and figured; their relationshiips to other ephemerids are discussed. During the course of a study to determine the phylogenetic relationships between genera of Ephemeridae, a number of specimens representative of the Ethiopian fauna were examined. Among the material borrowed, a new species of Ephemera from Natal was discovered, and several specimens from Africa in the collection of the University of Utah proved to be a new species of Eatonica. The two new species are descriptionbed here and their relationships to other ephemerids are discussed.
The case for using Mapped Exonic Non-Duplicate (MEND) read counts in RNA-Seq experiments: examples from pediatric cancer datasets

Background The accuracy of gene expression as measured by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is dependent on the amount of sequencing performed. However, some types of reads are not informative for determining this accuracy. Unmapped and non-exonic reads do not contribute to gene expression quantification. Duplicate reads can be the product of high gene expression or technical errors. Findings We surveyed bulk RNA-Seq datasets from 2179 tumors in 48 cohorts to determine the fractions of uninformative reads. Total sequence depth was 0.2-668 million reads (median (med.) 61 million; interquartile range (IQR) 53 million). Unmapped reads constitute 1-77% of all reads (med. 3%; IQR 3%); duplicate reads constitute 3-100% of mapped reads (med. 27%; IQR 30%); and non-exonic reads constitute 4-97% of mapped, non-duplicate reads (med. 25%; IQR 21%). Informative reads--Mapped, Exonic, Non-duplicate (MEND) reads--constitute 0-79% of total reads (med. 50%; IQR 31%). Further, we find that MEND read counts have a 0.22 Pearson correlation to the number of genes expressed above 1 Transcript Per Million, while total reads have a correlation of -0.05. Conclusions Since the fraction of uninformative reads vary, we propose using only definitively informative reads, MEND reads, for the purposes of asserting the accuracy of gene expression measured in a bulk RNA-Seq experiment. We provide a Docker image containing 1) the existing required tools (RSeQC, sambamba and samblaster) and 2) a custom script. We recommend that all results, sensitivity studies and depth recommendations use MEND units.
False Beliefs and the Social Structure of Science: Some Models and Case Studies

We use models and historical cases to try and understand some of the ways scientific beliefs can go wrong. In particular, we consider questions like: how do conformity and social trust influence the spread of beliefs? What is the ideal network structure for a scientific community? And how do industrial propagandists influence the progress of science, as well as public belief?
Germinate: A Mixed-Initiative Casual Creator for Rhetorical Games

Digital games are hindered as an artform by significant technical barriers to entry, which exclude many would-be game developers from participating in this medium of expression. Casual creators for game design attempt to mitigate these barriers, but—like conventional game development tools—often require users to “work their way up” from low-level mechanics to high-level rhetorical or expressive goals, rather than allowing them to start with high-level rhetorical goals and “work their way down.” The constraint-based game generator Gemini is well-suited to the generation of games that meet high-level expressive goals, but is difficult for casual users to work with. We present Germinate, a mixed-initiative casual creator for rhetorical games that extends Gemini with a more approachable graphical user interface. A preliminary expert evaluation revealed that Germinate affords a playful approach to rhetorical game design by generating games that successfully meet user intent in surprising and novel ways.
A Note on John Simplex with Positive Dilation.

We prove a Johns theorem for simplices in $R^d$ with positive dilation factor $d+2$, which improves the previously known $d^2$ upper bound. This bound is tight in view of the $d$ lower bound. Furthermore, we give an example that $d$ isn't the optimal lower bound when $d=2$. Our results answered both questions regarding Johns theorem for simplices with positive dilation raised by \cite{leme2020costly}.
Self-reported wellbeing indicators are a valuable complement to traditional economic indicators but are not yet ready to compete with them.

We join the call for governments to routinely collect survey-based measures of self-reported wellbeing and for researchers to study them. We list a number of challenges that have to be overcome in order for these measures to eventually achieve a status that is competitive with traditional economic indicators. We discuss in more detail one of the challenges, comprehensiveness: single-question wellbeing measures do not seem to fully capture what people care about. We briefly review the existing evidence, suggesting that survey respondents, when asked to make real or hypothetical trade-offs, would not always choose to maximize their predicted response to single-question wellbeing measures. The deviations appear systematic, and they persist under conditions where alternative explanations are less plausible. We also review an approach for combining single-question measures into a more comprehensive wellbeing index – an approach that itself is not free of ongoing theoretical and implementational challenges, but that we view as a promising direction.
Effects of sustained GABA releasing implants on pancreatic islets in mice.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that is strongly and selectively synthesized in and secreted from pancreatic beta cells. Exogenously delivered GABA has been proposed to induce beta cell regeneration in type 1 diabetes, but these results have been difficult to replicate and may depend on the specifics of the animal model and drug delivery method used. Here, we developed a GABA-releasing ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer implant for sustained GABA delivery to the intraperitoneal space as an alternative to injected or oral GABA. We explored the effect of the GABA-releasing polymer implants compared to implanted osmotic pumps loaded with GABA on islet size in non-diabetic, outbred mice. We also attempted to monitor in vivo GABA release using HPLC on blood samples, but these measurements were confounded by high variability within treatment groups and unexpectedly high serum GABA levels in mice receiving GABA-negative implants. The ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer implants became heavily fibrosed with abdominal adhesion tissue, while the osmotic pumps had no macroscopic fibrosis. Histological analysis showed no significant effect of the sustained GABA delivery polymer or osmotic pumps on islet size, alpha cell to beta cell ratio, or the number of Ki67-positive islet cells. The GABA treatment time course was limited to two weeks due to the drug-release window of the polymer, while others reported islet-trophic effects of GABA after 10 to 12 weeks of treatment. In summary, our study is consistent with the concept that exogenous GABA administration does not significantly alter islet cell mass in non-diabetic CD-1 mice in the short-term. However, more data are needed including higher GABA doses and more prolonged treatment regimens for a better comparison with contrasting reports.
Social determinants of hypertension and diabetes among African immigrants: the African immigrants health study.

To examine the association between social determinants of health, hypertension, and diabetes among African immigrants. The African Immigrant Health Study was a cross-sectional study of the health o...
Earthed Lightning: A Prescription for Poetry in Practice and Teaching.

The author of this medical humanities article is a clinician-educator who finds himself relying more and more on poetry to make sense of the complexity, frustration, and wonder that attend the work of doctoring. Here, he posits that poems, in all their forms, are attempts at establishing order and meaning through meter, language, and sound, and that they may be particularly valuable for medical students and residents as they develop professional identities, habits, and coping strategies. The author recalls that for Edward Hirsch, poetry is "a way of connecting-through the medium of language-more deeply with yourself even as you connect more deeply with others." It is this purpose-to connect learners with themselves, their patients, and one another-that compels the author to read poems to teams of residents and medical students in lieu of traditional afternoon teaching rounds. In this article, the author artfully illustrates one such "Post-Call Poetry" session, quoting some of the poems he shares with learners. At the end of each two-week rotation on the wards, few of the learners remark on the attending's lessons on pathophysiology; however, nearly all of them, regardless of their background or career path, express appreciation for the poetry.
Robustness of Large-Gain Linearizing Feedback in the Presence of Fast Dynamics

One major advantage of feedback linearization design is to trasform a nonlinear system (or part of a nonlinear system) into a specific linear canonical form such that the closed-loop system can have excellent performance with arbitrarily large gains and global stability. In this paper, we show that if fast parasite modes exist such that the dimension of the nominal model is smaller than the actual system, the closed-loop system destabilizes at large gain if a certain stability condition is violated. Moreover, global stability can be lost even before the critical gain value is exceeded and the domain of attraction of the origin decreases with increasing gain. This lack of robustness to high-frequency disturbances occurs even when the nonlinearities and parameters of the nominal system are known exactly. Since chemical systems are plagued with unknown fast dynamics, the applicability of feedback linearization designs is hence severely restricted.
Symposium: Plea Bargaining after Lafler and Frye - Monitoring the Plea Bargaining Process

Gideon v. Wainwright heralded a new age in American criminal prosecutions. Indigent blacks in the South would have the same opportunity to fight felony criminal charges and receive the same sentencing discounts of favorable guilty pleas as rich white Northerners, and the innocent would be accurately separated by adversarial testing from the guilty. Yet fifty years later indigent defendants (who comprise 80% of total defendants) often get substandard counsel, and innocent individuals are rarely but sometimes convicted or plead guilty. Some of the blame falls squarely on the Court for settling on the contours of our current two-pronged test in Strickland v. Washington that determines when counsel is ineffective and the defendant is accordingly prejudiced. Some blame falls on legislators for failing to adequately fund defense counsel. Our criminal justice evolved from an adversarial system to what Judge Lynch calls "a de facto administrative regime." The criminal justice system is the plea bargaining system. In this essay, the author posits that last term's Lafler v. Cooper and Missouri v. Frye gave us another chance to both police equality of sentences for the guilty and mandate better investigation of the underlying offense to ferret out the innocent. Information and resource disparity skews the system. The defense bar cannot buck a system stacked so heavily against them. Large-scale structural reform such as legislation or proper funding for defense is equally unlikely. Plea bargaining has failed. Professor Klein suggests that our most politically feasible hope for reform is for federal and state judges to amend the rules of criminal procedure in order to monitor and record the discovery and plea negotiation process via non-waivable conferences.A second proposal is for the Department of Justice and local District Attorney's Offices to implement internal guidelines to regulate the timing and content of plea negotiations and discovery procedures. Though the Court imposed its new Sixth Amendment duties on the defense bar, it is prosecutors who have the incentive to ensure the finality of guilty pleas and to stave off potentially harsher legislative or judicial action in this area.
The Collective Unconscious in Marketing Teams: La Marque Sur Le Divan

Beginning in the late 1940s the application of psychoanalytic theory and tools to marketing concerns yielded seminal concepts that defined and elaborated the brand image, consumption symbolism, and consumer motivation, among others. The focus was commonly on the deeper-level meanings that individuals derive from their consumption activities and aspirations. To date very little work has relied on psychoanalytic analyses of group behavior in marketing contexts, either groups of consumers or teams of marketing managers. This article speaks to this gap in the literature and centers around three case studies that employ a proprietary methodology to psychoanalyze a brand’s founder, and discover how biographical traumas and secrets create invisible phantom effects that spill over into the collective unconscious of the brand’s marketing team, often with negative consequences.
Advantages and challenges of cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3Tesla - applications to studies of cardiac steatosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Background The risk of heart failure in obesity and type 2 diabetes is greater than can be accounted for by hypertension and coronary artery disease. Rodent studies indicate that in obesity and type 2 diabetes, lipid over-storage in cardiac myocytes produces lipotoxic intermediates leading to heart failure. Cardiac steatosis was previously demonstrated in explanted hearts of patients with end-stage nonischemic cardiomyopathy. We demonstrated that cardiac steatosis precedes the onset of cardiomyopathy in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance or in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using 1.5 T MR system. To perform cardiac MR Spectroscopy studies using 3 Tesla MRI system we had to overcome the particular challenges at high magnetic field. Methods Localized spectroscopy can distinguish between triglyceride droplets localized in the cytosol of cardiomyocytes (i.e. an aqueous microenvironment) and triglycerides stored in adipocytes (i.e. a lipid microenvironment). During 1H-MRS, these different microenvironments cause triglycerides to resonate at different frequencies. In this study to determine myocardial triglyceride content we used a 3-Tesla Verio whole-body system (Siemens) equipped with spectroscopy and cardiac packages allowing for compensation of respiratory motion (PACE) and cardiac motion ( Siemens Work in Progress package). We positioned the spectroscopic volume of interest within bi-ventricular septum using the end-systolic cine images in 3 planes, collected as patients held their breath at the end of expiration. During acquisition of spectroscopic data, patients breathed freely. The spectroscopic signal was acquired with cardiac triggering at the end of systole and with respiratory gating at end expiration. We used the PRESS sequence (Point-RESolved Spectroscopy) for spatial localization, and the interpulse delay was defined by the length of a respiratory cycle (≈4 seconds). Results After careful setup to compensate and to synchronize respiratory and cardiac motion we were able to collect high quality cardiac magnetic resonance spectra at 3 Tesla in humans in vivo. We recognized advantages of high field such as: 1) enhanced spectral intensity allowing using smaller volume of interest and shorter period for data collection; and 2) better spatial resolution of resonances. However, for a successful data collection the motion compensation had to be nearly perfect. This requirement sometimes presents an enormous challenge. Conclusions
Monolithic gallium arsenide receiver for NMR microscopy

The goal of this research is to improve the performance of NMR microscopy systems by fabricating the RF detection microcoil and preamplifier on a single monolithic GaAs substrate. The planar microcoil consists of 4-7 turns of gold conductor. A simple impedance matching network links the microcoil to a single stage, common source configuration, GaAs MESFET preamplifier. >
Diffusion tensor imaging detects age-dependent white matter changes in a transgenic mouse model with amyloid deposition.

Increasing evidence demonstrates that there is marked damage and dysfunction not only in the gray matter but also in the white matter in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, transgenic mice overexpressing β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) under control of the platelet-derived growth factor promoter (PDAPP mice) were examined using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) to evaluate the extent of white matter injury before and following the development of AD-like pathology. The profile of DTI parameters was significantly different in old PDAPP mice compared to that of old control mice following the development of AD-like pathology. No difference in DTI parameters was observed between the young PDAPP and control mice. Our results suggest that as amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and levels increase over time in PDAPP mice, these changes lead to primary or secondary white matter injury that can be detected by DTI.
Operations of Mesoscale Networks, Illustrated By METROMEX

Abstract Mesoscale networks are designed and used to serve various specific purposes. Experience in the operation of several meso-networks has been used to describe those factors to be considered in their design. installation, and operations. Successful operation of networks depends on good management that can optimize project goals and available resources. The primary factors involved include network planning, procurement of facilities and staff, instrument siting, data collection, maintenance, calibration, data processing, and the eventual data bank. Long-term data retention is useful since network data frequently get re-used in subsequent, unforseen research. METROMEX, an on-going program studying urban effects on weather, has 15 sub-networks, and their designs and operations are used as illustrations. Public relations, unexpected problems, and data processing are high-lighted for the rainfall and severe storm networks.
Neutronic assessment of stringer fuel assembly design for liquid-salt-cooledvery high temperature reactor (LS-VHTR).

Neutronic studies of 18-pin and 36-pin stringer fuel assemblies have been performed to ascertain that core design requirements for the Liquid-Salt Cooled Very High Temperature Reactor (LS-VHTR) can be met. Parametric studies were performed to determine core characteristics required to achieve a target core cycle length of 18 months and fuel discharge burnup greater than 100 GWd/t under the constraint that the uranium enrichment be less than 20% in order to support non-proliferation goals. The studies were done using the WIMS9 lattice code and the linear reactivity model to estimate the core reactivity balance, fuel composition, and discharge burnup. The results show that the design goals can be met using a 1-batch fuel management scheme, uranium enrichment of 15% and a fuel packing fraction of 30% or greater for the 36-pin stringer fuel assembly design.
Characterization of lipid storage associated proteins induced in crop tissue by prolactin

The protein components involved in prolactin-induced lipid sequestration in crop tissue of pigeons (Columba livia) have been investigated from regulatory and structural viewpoints. The key enzyme necessary for lipogenesis, fatty acid synthetase (FAS), was not detected by a radiochemical assay which readily detects FAS in liver tissue. Therefore, lipid storage in crop involves sequestration rather than de novo synthesis in the crop per se. Two polypeptides (crop milk polypeptides, CMP) having apparent molecular weights of 58,000 (CMP 58) and 50,500 (CMP 50.5) have been isolated from prolactin-induced crop lipid globules (Fig. 1). Structural studies determining disulfide linkage (Fig. 2), protease sensitivity (Fig. 3) and antigenic reactivity (Fig. 4) indicate that CMP 50.5 is located extrinsic to the lipid globules, whereas CMP 58 is by and large intrinsic to the matrix of the lipid globules. Prolactin indudes synthesis of CMP 58 and 50.5 to a level which is three times higher than can be accounted for by general protein synthesis induction and represents about 2.5% of protein synthesis in the induced crop.
Effect of hormones on cyclic AMP levels in cultured human cells

Cultured cells derived from human adipose tissue grew more slowly and had significantly higher basal levels of cyclic AMP than cultured fibroblasts. Cyclic AMP levels in cultured adipose tissue cells were unaffected by epinephrine and were elevated 15-fold by prostaglandin E1 while fibroblast cyclic AMP levels were elevated 27-fold by epinephrine and 95-fold by prostaglandin E1. These results support the postulate that the cultured adipose tissue cell is a distinct cell type which may represent an adipocyte or preadipocyte in culture.
Towards particle creation in a microwave cylindrical cavity

We present numerical results for the particle (photon) creation rate of dynamical Casimir effect (DCE) radiation in a resonant cylindrical microwave cavity. Based on recent experimental proposals, we model an irradiated semiconducting diaphragm (SCD) using a time-dependent ``plasma sheet''' where we show that the number of photons created for the transverse magnetic mode TM${}_{011}$ is considerably enhanced even for low laser powers (of $\ensuremath{\mu}$J order). Conversely to the moving mirror case, we also show that the fundamental TM mode (TM${}_{010}$) is not excited for an irradiated plasma sheet. We show that polarization (arising due to the back reaction of pair created photons with the plasma SCD) implies losses for TM, but not transverse elelctric (TE) modes. However, we argue that these losses can be reduced by lowering the laser power and shortening the relaxation time. The results presented here lead support to the idea that TE and, in particular, TM modes are well suited to the detection of DCE radiation in a cylindrical cavity.
5-Bromo-1H-thieno[2,3-d]imidazole.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C5H3BrN2S, shows that bromination of 1H-thieno[2,3-d]imidazole with N-bromo­succinimide in acetonitrile occurs at position 5 of the bicyclic system. The mol­ecule is almost planar, with a mean deviation of 0.015 A from the least-squares plane through all the non-H atoms. In the crystal, N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into infinite C(4) chains running along [101].
Experimental investigation of random excitation of nonlinear systems with autoparametric coupling

Abstract This paper presents the results of random excitation tests conducted on a nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom model. The model is designed such that the ratio of its two natural frequencies is 1 to 2. The system is excited by a band-limited random process whose central frequency is very close to the natural frequency of the higher mode. The excitation and response signals are processed to evaluate statistical parameters such as autocorrelation functions, spectral density functions, and mean squares. The results are qualitatively compared with those predicted analytically by using the Fokker-Planck equation approach, together with a Gaussian closure scheme. It is found that both approaches exhibit the absorber effect of the coupled system. While the Gaussian solution yields a nonstationary response, the measured mean square responses are observed to be stationary or nonstationary depending on the excitation level.
Fertilisation of eggs, rate of embryonic development and hatching following induced maturation of the European eel Anguilla anguilla

Abstract The study reports on 11 female Anguilla anguilla in which sexual maturation was induced using modifications of a technique that has proven successful in Anguilla japonica. In 10 of the females, the outcome of fertilisation attempts is known. One female did not respond to hormonal treatment and failed to break down the germinal vesicle; in the remaining nine females, eggs were fertilised. In the eggs from two of the females, embryonic development proceeded to the hatching stage, and in one case, hatching occurred at about 48-h postfertilisation at an embryonic stage when the tail had just passed the snout. Induction of maturation consisted of weekly injections with salmon pituitary extract (SPE) at 18.2-mg pituitary powder per fish and week; the number of SPE injections ranging from 11 to 29 before the oocytes had reached a stage when final oocyte maturation and ovulation was induced by 1 mg of 17,20 s-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP). At the time of DHP injection, the ooplasm and the oil droplets were transparent and the nucleus was in the migratory stage near or at the animal pole; cell diameters ranged from 763 to 930 μm. To avoid sudden overripening of the eggs near the time of final oocyte maturation, the final SPE doses were individually regulated—usually downregulated—relative to the weekly dose, and this resulted in the use of four protocols for final egg maturation. The best protocol, which resulted in hatching, used 13.6 mg SPE followed 22 h 40 min later by DHP treatment when the oocytes had reached the above stage. The second best protocol, in which the embryos developed to the hatching stage, used a weekly SPE dose of 13.6 mg followed by a priming SPE dose of 1.8 mg 2 days later, 11 h 40 min after which DHP was injected.
Relational and Overt Aggression in Middle Childhood: Early Child and Family Risk Factors

This study investigated early child and family risk factors for relational and overt aggression in 207 children followed since birth. Risk factors were assessed during infancy and preschool, and aggression in Grades 1, 3, and 5. Independent risk factors for Aggression Severity (total of relational and overt aggression) included lower language abilities, lower levels of temperamental withdrawal/inhibition, and greater exposure to family environments characterized by maternal negativity toward the child, family negative expressiveness, and maternal depression. The major risk factor for Aggression Directionality (relative preponderance of relational versus overt aggression) was gender. Child temperament interacted with family risk factors in predicting Severity, and child gender moderated the associations of temperament and family risk factors in predicting both Severity and Directionality.
Electronic dephasing studies of molecules in solution at room temperature by femtosecond degenerate four wave mixing

Abstract The electronic dephasing of two oxazine dyes dissolved in ethylene glycol at room temperature is investigated by femtosecond degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) experiments. Both two-pulse and three-pulse DFWM with simultaneous detection of the signals at two distinct phase-matching directions permits detailed investigation of dephasing dynamics in a room temperature liquid. At least two stochastic processes are responsible for the observed electronic dephasing: one is treated empirically as an exponential decay; the second is regarded in the full analytic form of the Kubo relaxation function. Both fast and slow (inhomogeneous) dynamics are recovered. The slow dynamics is found to bring about spectral diffusion over the inhomogeneous distribution on the time scale around a picosecond.
The Reaction of M-Chloroperbenzoic Acid with 1,2-Glycols

Abstract The use of m-chLoroperbenzoic acid for the determination of unsaturation can give high results if the sample contains a 1,2-glycol structure. An explanation for the high results is presented.
Interactions of anti-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antibodies at α-bungarotoxin binding sites across species and tissues

Two antisera prepared against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAcChoR) from Electrophorus exhibit comparable ability to inhibit high-affinity α-bungarotoxin binding to membrane fractions from rat brain or muscle, PC12 or TE671 cells, or Torpedo electric tissue. Only one of several monoclonal antibodies raised against nAcChoR from Torpedo inhibits toxin binding to membranes from rat brain or muscle or TE671 cells, but is considerably more potent as an inhibitor of toxin binding to Torpedo nAcChoR. These results indicate that some antibodies prepared against nAcChoR from electric tissue recognize epitopes near the high-affinity toxin binding sites. Some of these toxin binding site epitopes are preserved across species and tissues. The positive outcome of this study supports the continued use of toxin as a probe for at least a subset of mammalian neuronal nAcChoR.
Muscular dystrophy: A hidden ancestral legacy trumped.

A previously unsuspected genetic mechanism underlies a type of muscular dystrophy common in Japan. A therapeutic approach based on this finding and tested in mice has come up with encouraging results. See Letter p.127 Fukuyama muscular dystrophy is caused by the insertion of a mobile genetic element, the SVA retrotransposon, into the non-coding region of the fukutin gene. Tatsushi Toda and colleagues show that this insertion truncates the fukutin transcript as a result of an abnormal splicing event, a situation known as pathogenic exon trapping. Fukutin function is restored by treatment of dystrophy mouse model cells or human patient cells with antisense oligonucleotides that prevent the abnormal splicing. The results have implications for other diseases that show SVA exon trapping.