cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An automatic fission track scanner

Abstract An automatic fission track scanner has been developed for fission track counting. The system uses a scanning optical microscope and a microcomputer to perform scanning, data acquisition and analysis. Output from this system includes the total number of fission tracks, a fission track size distribution, the locations as well as the sizes of individual tracks, and a partial scanned image. Fused quartz has been found to be the most suitable track recorder material for the system. The stability of the system has been extensively checked. A counting reproducibility of ±3% (one standard deviation) has been achieved. The detection efficiency of the system has been calibrated with a 244 Cm spontaneous fission source.
High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Analysis of Neutral Lipids in Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda) Fed Yolk-Lettuce Versus Lettuce-Tetramin Diets

Abstract High performance thin-layer chromatography on channeled, preadsorbent silica gel plates using a petroleum ether-diethyl ether-glacial acetic acid (80:20:2) mobile phase was used to study the neutral lipid composition in extracts from whole bodies of the medically important snail Biomphalaria glabrata . Snails were fed either hen′s egg yolk supplemented with a single feeding of lettuce (Y-L diet), or lettuce supplemented with Tetramin fish food (L-T diet). Differences in the lipid profiles between the snails fed these two diets were apparent, with the triacylglycerol fraction of the snails fed the Y-L diet being significantly higher (Student′s test, P
Modification of the excessive inappropriate classroom behavior of two elementary school students using home-base consequences and daily report-card procedures.

Two experiments investigated home-based reinforcement contingencies to control excessive behavior in normal classrooms. Subjects were, respectively, a 12-yr-old fifth-grade boy and a 9-yr-old fourth-grade boy, each in a separate classroom and with a different teacher. Following baseline observations in which observers recorded several categories of student behavior and teacher-student interaction, separate conferences were held including parents of the two children, the principal, teachers, and experimenters. A daily report-card procedure was agreed on, stipulating a one-day suspension from school following three successive “undesirable” daily report cards as well as the supervision of home-based privileges and other reinforcers usually contingent on satisfactory daily reports. Measurements of daily rates of teacher attention indicated no important change in this variable throughout the various experimental conditions. The daily report procedure significantly reduced disruptive classroom behavior. In a second experiment, a teacher-operated timer cued her own time-sample observations. Reliability measures revealed that the teacher could accurately measure the child's behavior while she was teaching the class. The procedure was ultimately successfully expanded to the teacher's total contact hours each day.
Parents' interest in whole-genome sequencing of newborns.

The aim of this study was to assess parents’ interest in whole-genome sequencing for newborns. We conducted a survey of a nationally representative sample of 1,539 parents about their interest in whole-genome sequencing of newborns. Participants were randomly presented with one of two scenarios that differed in the venue of testing: one offered whole-genome sequencing through a state newborn screening program, whereas the other offered whole-genome sequencing in a pediatrician’s office. Overall interest in having future newborns undergo whole-genome sequencing was generally high among parents. If whole-genome sequencing were offered through a state’s newborn-screening program, 74% of parents were either definitely or somewhat interested in utilizing this technology. If offered in a pediatrician’s office, 70% of parents were either definitely or somewhat interested. Parents in both groups most frequently identified test accuracy and the ability to prevent a child from developing a disease as “very important” in making a decision to have a newborn’s whole genome sequenced. These data may help health departments and children’s health-care providers anticipate parents’ level of interest in genomic screening for newborns. As whole-genome sequencing is integrated into clinical and public health services, these findings may inform the development of educational strategies and outreach messages for parents. Genet Med 16 1, 78–84.
Separation between reference surfaces of selected vertical datums

This paper discusses the separation between the reference surface of several vertical datums and the geoid. The data used includes a set of Doppler positioned stations, transformation parameters to convert the Doppler positions to ITRF90, and a potential coefficient model composed of the JGM-2 (NASA model) from degree 2 to 70 plus the OSU91A model from degree 71 to 360. The basic method of analysis is the comparison of a geometric geoid undulation derived from an ellipsoidal height and an orthometric height with the undulation computed from the potential coefficient model The mean difference can imply a bias of the datum reference surface with respect to the geoid. Vertical datums in the following countries were considered: England, Germany, United States, and Australia. The following numbers represent the bias values of each datum after adopting an equatorial radius of 6378136.3m: England (-87 cm), Germany (4 cm), United States (NGVD29 (-26 cm)), NAVD88 (-72 cm), Australia AHD (mainland, -68 cm); AHD (Tasmania, -98 cm). A negative sign indicates the datum reference surface is below the geoid. The 91 cm difference between the datums in England and Germany has been independently estimated as 80 cm. The 30 cm difference between AHD (mainland) and AHD (Tasmania) has been independently estimated as 40 cm. These bias values have been estimated from data where the geometric/ gravimetric geoid undulation difference standard deviation, at one station, is typically ±100 cm, although the mean difference is determined more accurately. The results of this paper can be improved and expanded with more accurate geocentric station positions, more accurate and consistent heights with respect to the local vertical datum, and a more accurate gravity field for the Earth. The ideas developed here provide insight on the determination of a world height system.
Pigment epithelium-derived factor, a human testis epididymis secretory product, promotes human prostate stromal cell growth in culture

ABSTRACTPurpose: We identified and characterized unrecognized testicular secretory proteins that impact human prostate growth.Materials and Methods: Human spermatocele fluid served as a source of testicular epididymal secretions and prostatectomy specimen benign prostatic hyperplasia stromal cells as the in vitro prostate growth promoting effects indicator. RMPI plus medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum MALDI-TOF, MS FBS and ITS+ (Collaborative Research-Becton Dickinson, Bedford, Massachusetts) served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Whole and fractionated spermatocele fluid or specific proteins without and with select polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies were added to routine 6-day cultures. The observation of significantly increased 6-day cell counts compared with appropriate controls (p <0.05) was judged to reflect cell growth. Amino acid microsequencing and MALDI-TOF MS sequence analysis were done on persistent protein bands from active spermatocele fluid fractions.Results: W...
Gas chromatographic determination of apomorphine in plasma

Abstract A method is described for the analysis of 1 to 10 μg/ml concentrations of apomorphine in plasma. The procedure is based on ethyl acetate extraction, a back extraction cleanup-step, derivatization with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, and gas chromatography on a 3% OV-17 column using flame ionization detection. N- n -Propylnorapomorphine is employed as an internal standard and quantitative relative recoveries of drug are realized with relative standard deviations of 4.6%. The method permits analysis of apomorphine in the presence of its two monomethyl ether metabolites, apocodeine and isoapocodeine. The latter compounds are also chromatographically resolved as their heptafluorobutyrate derivatives.
Real-Time Digital Processing Of Color Bronchoscopic Images

In this paper we present possibilities of improving conventional and fluorescence bronchoscopic diagnosis by means of digital image processing methods. After a description of the particularities of the bronchoscopic imaging system on one hand and the state-of-the-art in real-time digital image processing on the other hand, we present a series of methods which improve bronchoscopic diagnosis. These methods are based on real-time processing of the bronchoscopic images in video form. Among them, spatial and temporal filtering have been implemented with good results. For further improvements of the bronchoscopy in general and the fluorescence bronchoscopy in particular, we propose two other methods which are histogram equalization and the generation of an intrinsic fluorescence image.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Combining brains: A survey of methods for statistical pooling of information

Abstract More than one subject is scanned in a typical functional brain imaging experiment. How can the scientist make best use of the acquired data to map the specific areas of the brain that become active during the performance of different tasks? It is clear that we can gain both scientific and statistical power by pooling the images from multiple subjects; furthermore, for the comparison of groups of subjects (clinical patients vs healthy controls, children of different ages, left-handed people vs right-handed people, as just some examples), it is essential to have a “group map” to represent each population and to form the basis of a statistical test. While the importance of combining images for these purposes has been recognized, there has not been an organized attempt on the part of neuroscientists to understand the different statistical approaches to this problem, which have various strengths and weaknesses. In this paper we review some popular methods for combining information, and demonstrate the surveyed techniques on a sample data set. Given a combination of brain images, the researcher needs to interpret the result and decide on areas of activation; the question of thresholding is critical here and is also explored.
Chalcone Synthase and Flavonol Accumulation in Stigmas and Anthers of Petunia hybrida

Flavonol aglycones are required for pollen germination in petunia (Petunia hybrida L.). Mutant plants lacking chalcone synthase (CHS), which catalyzes the first committed step in flavonoid synthesis, do not accumulate flavonols and are self-sterile. The mutant pollen can be induced to germinate by supplementing it with kaempferol, a flavonol aglycone, either at the time of pollination or by addition to an in vitro germination system. Biochemical complementation occurs naturally when the mutant, flavonol-deficient pollen is crossed to wild-type, flavonoid-producing stigmas. We found that successful pollination depends on stigma maturity, indicating that flavonol aglycone accumulation may be developmentally regulated. Quantitative immunoblotting, in vitro and in vivo pollen germination, and high-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of stigma and anther extracts were used to determine the relationship between CHS levels and flavonol aglycone accumulation in developing petunia flowers. Although substantial levels of CHS were measured, we detected no flavonol aglycones in wild-type stigma or anther extracts. Instead, the occurrence of a conjugated form (flavonol glycoside) suggests that a mechanism may operate to convert glycosides to the active aglycone form.
Effect of the mycotoxin, penicillic acid, on Tetrahymena pyriformis.

Abstract The biological effects of penicillic acid, a mycotoxin produced by several species of Penicillium and Aspergillus in an eukaryotic system, was studied using Tetrahymena pyriformis HSM as a model. Growth was inhibited 54% by 15 μg of penicillic acid per ml of growth medium. Total inhibition of T. pyriformis growth occurred in the presence of 50 μg of penicillic acid per ml. Within 24 hr of the addition of penicillic acid to the medium, there was a measurable dose-dependent decrease in the population density of cells and an increase in generation time. A dose-related inhibition of T. pyriformis growth over the range of 5–25 μg penicillic acid per ml of growth medium was seen when cell counts were obtained at 33 hr; such data indicated a potential bioassay for penicillic acid employing this protozoan. Cell respiration was only marginally affected by this mycotoxin. Total cellular DNA decreased in the presence of 5 μg of penicillic acid per ml whereas higher concentrations (10 and 25 μg/ml of growth medium, respectively) were required before a decrease in RNA or protein was observed. Cells exposed to 20 μg of penicillic acid per ml had normal morphology and size distribution and the cilia beat normally. An unidentified compound, possibly a metabolite of penicillic acid, was detected in the growth medium containing viable T. pyriformis.
Lifelong Physical Activity in Midlife and Older Women

The need for measures of physical activity in women led to this descriptive study of 375 women aged 33–62 (mean age 47±7 years). A questionnaire was developed to assess levels of lifelong physical activity (LLPAQ) with three subscales: occupation, leisure, and household. Reliability as determined by Cronbach's alpha ranged from .83–.87, while test–retest correlations ranged from .46–.57 for the subscales and total score. Correlations of the LLPAQ with cardiorespiratory fitness were positive, with a shift from highest correlation between fitness and leisure physical activity (r = .26–.29, p < .05) in younger women, to highest correlation between fitness and occupation physical activity (r = .29–.38, p < .05) in women over 50. Patterns of physical activity over the lifespan were different for each subscale; total scores showed a peak in overall physical activity between ages 25–39, and a steep decline after age 39, due to small decreases on each subscale. Relevance of a measure including household physical ...
Anterocollis: clinical features and treatment options

Background: Anterocollis (AC) is a form of cervical dystonia (CD) that produces patterned, repetitive muscle contractions that result in neck flexion. It has been mainly described in the context of parkinsonian movement disorders including Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Material/Methods: We performed a review of consecutive AC patients seen in our Movement Disorders Clinic over a 15-year period. The diagnosis of AC was based on degree of abnormal neck anteroflexion. Results: Out of 399 CD patients 27 (6.8%) had features of AC. AC was more prevalent in women (67.3%). It was associated with neuroleptic exposure, PD and a family history of movement/neurological disorder. No definite cases with MSA and AC were described in our cohort. Botulinum toxin injections and tetrabenazine produced clinical improvement. Conclusions: The demographic and phenotypic features and treatment outcomes of AC in our cohort were somewhat different from other types of CD.
Isotopic constraints on time scales and mechanisms of slab material transport in the mantle wedge: evidence from the Simcoe mantle xenoliths, Washington, USA

Abstract Spinel harzburgite and websterite mantle xenoliths from Simcoe volcano in southern Washington represent fragments of mantle lithosphere from the back-arc side of the Cascade arc front. Previous studies have shown that metasomatism by either silica-rich fluids or hydrous melts crystallized phlogopite, imparted high oxygen fugacities (0.3 to 1.4 log units above QFM), and more radiogenic Os isotopic compositions on these peridotites. These features are consistent with part or all of the metasomatic agent being derived from the Juan de Fuca slab. New Re–Os, Sm–Nd, Sr, and U–Th–Pb isotopic data shed further light on the origin and composition of the metasomatic agent. The clinopyroxenes from the xenoliths have correlated Pb isotopic compositions ( 206 Pb / 204 Pb =18.63–19.55, 207 Pb / 204 Pb =15.56–15.63, 208 Pb / 204 Pb =38.22–38.87). The most radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions extend beyond the most radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions for the Cascade arc lavas and display a shallower trend. Mixtures between Juan de Fuca basalts and pelagic or terrigenous sediments would result in Pb isotopic compositions that are not radiogenic enough in 207 Pb / 204 Pb and 208 Pb / 204 Pb at the high 206 Pb / 204 Pb end of this array. Therefore, models for rapid transfer of components from the slab to the mantle lithosphere are not viable in this case. Instead, a multi-stage model is preferred. In the first stage, the slab component is transferred via fluid or melt into, and reacts with the hanging wall mantle. This results in a residual slab depleted in Pb relative to U and Th, and consequent high U/Pb and Th/Pb. Additional dehydration or melting of the slab imparts this chemical signature to the peridotite in the hanging wall. In the second stage, the hybridized hanging wall peridotite evolves for tens of million years until corner flow drags it down to deeper levels in the mantle wedge where melting occurs in response to higher temperatures. In the third stage, this melt migrates upward where it metasomatizes the mantle lithosphere represented by the Simcoe xenoliths. Trace element compositions of the clinopyroxenes, and the presence of high alkali glasses in the xenoliths, are consistent with the metasomatic agent derived from the hybridized hanging wall being alkali-rich, and possibly similar to potassic-rich lavas found in arc and back-arc settings. These data therefore demonstrate the importance of the hybridized hanging wall mantle above slabs as a source for melts which can be metasomatic agents in the upper mantle, and as a site for storage of material derived from the slab for periods of at least tens of million years.
Adaptation to hand injury: an evolving experience.

OBJECTIVES: Objectives of this study were to examine similarities and differences in physical recovery and psychosocial adaptation, engagement in occupations and relationships, perceived outcomes and expectations, and adaptive issues and strategies of 5 participants from an ongoing longitudinal study of adaptation to hand injury. METHODS: Participants were tracked for 12 months using quantitative measures of physical recovery and psychosocial adaptation, and qualitative adaptation interviews focused on the impact of an injury experience in clients' daily lives. A computerized graphic format documented changes over time in key quantitative and qualitative indicators in individual Adaptation Trajectories. RESULTS: Findings included the importance of motivating occupations and relationships, changes over time in expectations for the future, and differences between independent and interdependent adaptive strategies following hand injury. DISCUSSION: Connections between the International Classification of Functioning and Disability domains of body systems, activity capabilities, and social participation were examined. Findings support the value of individualized, occupation-based therapy that addresses the mind and spirit as well as physical recovery in occupational therapy practice with hand injury clients. Language: en
Minding the close relationship

In this theoretical analysis, we argue that a process referred to as minding is essential for a couple to feel mutually close and satisfied in a close relationship over a long period Minding represents a package of mutual self-disclosure, other forms of goal-oriented behavior aimed at facilitating the relationship, and attributions about self's and other's motivations, intentions, and Mort in the relationship. Self-disclosure and attribution activities in minding are aimed at getting to know the other, trying to understand the other's motivations and deeper disposition as they pertain to the relationship, and showing respect and acceptance for knowledge gained about other. We link the concept of minding to other major ideas and literatures about how couples achieve closeness: self-disclosure and social penetration, intimacy, empathy and empathic accuracy, and love and self-expansion. We argue that the minding process articulated here has not previously been delineated and that it is a useful composite notion about essential steps in bonding among humans. We also argue that the minding concept stretches our understanding of the interface of attribution and close relationships. We present research possibilities and implications and consider possible alternative positions and counter arguments about the merits of the minding idea for close relationship satisfaction.
NPK1, an MEKK1-like Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase, Regulates Innate Immunity and Development in Plants

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are rapidly activated upon plant recognition of invading pathogens. Here, we describe the use of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to study the role of candidate plant MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) homologs of human MEKK1 in pathogen-resistance pathways. We demonstrate that silencing expression of a tobacco MAPKKK, Nicotiana Protein Kinase 1 (NPK1), interferes with the function of the disease-resistance genes N, Bs2, and Rx, but does not affect Pto- and Cf4-mediated resistance. Further, NPK1-silenced plants also exhibit reduced cell size, defective cytokinesis, and an overall dwarf phenotype. Our results provide evidence that NPK1 functions in the regulation of N-, Bs2-, and Rx-mediated resistance responses and may play a role in one or more MAPK cascades, regulating multiple cellular processes.
THE LATIN SOURCE OF THE FOURTEENTH-CENTURY ITALIAN TRANSLATION OF ALHACEN'S DE ASPECTIBUS (VAT. LAT. 4595)

That the medieval Latin version of Ibn al-Haytham's Kitāb al-Manā[zdotu]ir was translated into Italian in the fourteenth century has been known for well over a century. Recent studies have shown that this translation, which is contained in Vat. Lat. 4595, was instrumental in the composition of Lorenzo Ghiberti's Commentario terzo on art. Some eight years ago, the author of the present article tentatively identified the actual manuscript-source of that translation as MS Royal 12.G.7, which is currently held in the British Library. This study establishes beyond reasonable doubt that his tentative identification was correct: MS Royal 12.G.7 is indeed the Latin source for the Italian translation in Vat. Lat. 4595.
Value of antimüllerian hormone as a prognostic indicator of in vitro fertilization outcome.

Objective To determine the predictive attributes of antimullerian hormone (AMH) in terms of oocyte yield, cycle cancellation, and pregnancy outcomes. Design Retrospective cohort. Setting Academic center. Patient(s) All patients initiating IVF at the Weill-Cornell Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine from April 2010 through January 2013. Intervention(s) In vitro fertilization without preimplantation genetic testing. Main Outcome Measure(s) Number of oocytes retrieved, cycle cancellation, clinical and ongoing pregnancy, implantation, and miscarriage rates. Result(s) Antimullerian hormone was positively correlated with number of eggs retrieved. Number of oocytes retrieved increased with increasing AMH within each age group and diminished slightly within AMH groupings as age increased. Overall, AMH was significantly correlated with risk of cycle cancellation, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74. Patients with undetectable AMH had a 13.3-fold increased risk of cancellation as compared with patients with an AMH >2.0 ng/mL. Antimullerian hormone had an AUC of 0.83 for prediction of three or fewer oocytes; undetectable AMH exhibited sensitivity and specificity of 21.1% and 98.2%, respectively, for three or fewer oocytes retrieved. Antimullerian hormone was less predictive of pregnancy, with AUCs ranging from 0.55 to 0.65. Even with undetectable AMH, 23.5% of patients Conclusion(s) Antimullerian hormone is a fairly robust metric for the prediction of cancellation and how many oocytes may be retrieved after stimulation but is a relatively poor test for prediction of pregnancy after any given treatment cycle. Patients with extremely low levels of AMH still can achieve reasonable treatment outcomes and should not be precluded from attempting IVF solely on the basis of an AMH value.
A general class of LDPC finite geometry codes and their performance

We present a general class of finite geometry LDPC codes which perform well with iterative decoding although their Tanner graphs may contain many cycles of length 4. A hybrid two-stage decoding algorithm is proposed that combines iterative and multi-step majority-logic decodings to achieve good performance with low decoding complexity.
Transmission of Pneumocystis Species among Renal Transplant Recipients

Investigation of the transmission and epidemiology of Pneumocystis species in humans is hampered by several confounding variables imposed by both the organism and the host. The disease, a highly fatal pneumonitis, occurs almost exclusively in the severely immunocompromised host, who is also at high risk for other opportunistic infections of the lungs, with and without Pneumocystis jiroveci (also called Pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia (PCP). Furthermore, asymptomatic Pneumocystis infection occurs to the extent of seroconversion with detectable antibody in 175% of healthy individuals by 4 years of age, rendering serologic analysis useless as an epidemiological tool. The organism may reside as a latent form in the lungs for long periods of time. A conclusive diagnosis of PCP for research purposes requires the demonstration of pneumonitis by radiography, plus the identification of Pneumocystis species in pulmonary parenchyma by examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or biopsy specimens. Microscopic examination of stained specimens is the standard method for identification of the organism. In recent years, the use of molecular techniques, such as PCR with DNA-based methods, have been utilized in epidemiological investigations. In human studies, the method used most often has been nested PCR that uses primers targeting the mitochondrial large subunit r RNA (mtLSU) of Pneumocystis species. A point to be made here—and one often not appreciated in some clinical studies— is that the histologic and molecular methods identify different entities: an infectious agent as a whole intact organism (cyst and trophozoite) with the former method and a molecular fraction of the organism with the latter method. Thus, PCR does not distinguish between intact Pneumocystis species and fragments of disrupted organisms. Chemoprophylaxis for PCP in immu
PRICE, OUTPUT, AND EXCHANGE-RATE MOVEMENTS IN THE OPEN-ECONOMY

Abstract Since the advent of managed floating it has come to be accepted as a stylized fact that short-run deviations from purchasing power parity are both substantial and persistent. Two explanations of these deviations have been advanced in the literature. One emphasizes the role of changes in non-traded goods prices while the other views deviations from purchasing power parity as being due to sticky goods prices and slow adjustment of goods markets. This paper presents yet a third possible explanation of deviations from purchasing power parity — they may be necessary in order to facilitate the relative price changes that are required to maintain equilibrium in the face of unanticipated shocks. In addition, the issue of exchange rate overshooting is addressed. Whereas the sticky price models view exchange rate overshooting and exchange rate volatility as symptoms of some fundamental disequilibrium, the perspective taken here is that these events are, in principle, compatible with a world in which all markets clear continuously.
The Influence of Physical Attractiveness and Manner of Dress on Success in a Simulated Personnel Decision

(1985). The Influence of Physical Attractiveness and Manner of Dress on Success in a Simulated Personnel Decision. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 125, No. 6, pp. 777-778.
Angiotensin II increases vasopressin-stimulated facilitated urea permeability in rat terminal IMCDs.

Angiotensin II receptors are present along the rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), although their physiological role is unknown. Because urea is one of the major solutes transported across ...
Variability of Turbulence and Its Outer Scales in a Model Tropopause Jet

Abstract Variability of flow regimes and turbulence scalings in a model of an inhomogeneously stratified, tropopause jet is investigated through high-resolution, forced, three-dimensional numerical simulations (with 512 or 1024 vertical levels). Multivalued scaling branches, with respect to the local gradient Richardson number (Rig), are shown to occur in several turbulent quantities (such as variances, fluxes, mixing efficiency, outer scales, and their ratios, etc.). Two distinct scaling curves are found for the upper and lower flanks of the jet, each showing a clear branch switching at a critical height. Distinct scaling curves in the upper and lower flanks of the jet can be related to the doubling of buoyancy frequency (N) in the background profile (across the model tropopause). The vertical levels corresponding to the inflection points (maximal shearing) in the quasi-equilibrium turbulent mean jet velocity profile is identified as the best criterion for branch switching along each of the scaling curve...
Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Carpal Tunnel and Trigger Finger Release

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy,1,2 with a lifetime incidence estimated at up to 10%.3 The pathophysiology of CTS is thought to be due to compression of the median nerve in the region of the carpal tunnel.4,5 When symptoms are recalcitrant to conservative management, surgical intervention is indicated. The goal of surgery is to decompress the median nerve in the carpal tunnel by transecting the deep transverse carpal ligament (TCL).
Real Time Adaptive Machine Translation for Post-Editing with cdec and TransCenter

Using machine translation output as a starting point for human translation has recently gained traction in the translation community. This paper describes cdec Realtime, a framework for building adaptive MT systems that learn from post-editor feedback, and TransCenter, a web-based translation interface that connects users to Realtime systems and logs post-editing activity. This combination allows the straightforward deployment of MT systems specifically for post-editing and analysis of human translator productivity when working with these systems. All tools, as well as actual post-editing data collected as part of a validation experiment, are freely available under an open source license.
Influence of valine flooding on channeling of valine into tissue pools and on protein synthesis

Rates of valine incorporation into protein were measured under control and valine-"flooding" conditions and included correction for the degree of recycling of unlabeled valine derived from the steady-state breakdown of tissue protein into the precursor pool (tRNA bound). The correction factor lambda, which is the ratio of the steady-state specific activity of valine in the tissue tRNA-bound pool to that in the arterial plasma, was determined for each of the tissues. In controls, values of lambda ranged from 0.31 in adrenals to 0.54 in heart; in flooded animals, values were higher, but only in liver was the value of lambda close to 1.0. In control and flooded rats, rates of protein synthesis were highest in liver and adrenals and lowest in skeletal muscle, with intermediate values in brain and heart. Flooding resulted in increased rates of protein synthesis in liver and decreased rates in adrenals. Rates of protein synthesis in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle were not statistically significantly affected by flooding.
Navier-stokes predictions of hypersonic double-cone and cylinder-flare flow fields

The interaction between a shock wave and a separated region in a hypersonic flow is a very challenging problem for computational fluid dynamics. Recent calculations on double-cone and hollow-cylinderflare geometries have shown significant differences between computations and experiments. Therefore, experiments have been performed in the Large Energy National Shock (LENS) facility at the Calspan University at Buffalo Research Center (CUBRC) to provide a benchmark dataset at well calibrated hypersonic test conditions with fully laminar flow. These flows are test cases for the NATO Research and Technology Organization (RTO) Working Group 10 CFD code validation activities. In this paper, we discuss several parametric studies of these flows. We show that the experiments are not sensitive to small nosetip bluntness and slight model misalignment. We do not expect non-continuum effects or vibrational excitation to be significant in these flows. The calculations require grids of about a half million points, but more importantly, the results are very sensitive to the numerical flux evaluation method used. Finally, we present our results for two double-cone and hollow-cylinder with extended flare geometries for comparison with the experimental data.
The Surface Behavior of a Binary Alloy During Production by Ion Implantation

Thin surface copper-nickel alloys were prepared by ion implantation at 90 keV. During the implantation of one pure element by the other the sputtered products were collected on catcher foils at different stages from the beginning of the implant through to the steady state configuration of the target surface. The collector foils and targets were analyzed to determine the behavior of the sputtering yields during implantation and for the change in surface composition at the selected fluence. The total sputtering yield for the target and the effective elemental sputtering yields for each component appear to be functions of the changing surface fractions, the self ion sputtering yield of the implanted species, and the elemental sputtering yield of the initial target species. A model relating these parameters is presented.
Exponential Heating of Two-Dimensional Slabs

*† ‡ § The temperature distribution within a two-dimensional rectangular slab subjected to a timevarying and spatially-decaying laser source is presented. Linear boundary conditions involving nonhomogeneities are considered in this study for two slab thicknesses. The solution of the nonhomogeneous and time-dependent heat conduction boundary-value problem is obtained with the integral-transform technique. The temperature results are presented for various thermal and geometric dimensionless parameters as well as two levels of laser power intensity. Additionally, the results are compared to one-dimensional analyses to examine the effect of in-plane heat spreading in a two-dimensional slab. The knowledge gained from this study will provide a better understanding of heat treatment manufacturing processes in microtechnology, where precise control of the location of the maximum temperature during laser-induced heating of absorbing materials is required.
Treatment of polymer-surfactant flooding produced water from thin oil recovery of Liaohe Oilfield by flocculation process

Using flocculation process to treat polymer-surfactant flooding produced water from thin oil recovery of Liaohe Oilfield,the proper inorganic and organic flocculant were determined;the influences of compounded flocculant and its dosing method on the flocculation effect were investigated;meanwhile,the morphologies of flocs in water samples added with different flocculants were observed using microscope.The results of the test showed that,PAC and CPAM were the optimal inorganic and organic flocculant respectively,and the flocculation effect of CPAM increased with the increasing of cationic degree.The dosage of organic flocculant could greatly affect the flocculation effect of the compounded flocculant.For the said compounded flocculant,the optimal dosage of PAC and CPAM-1 were 300 and 4 mg/L respectively.After the treatment,the mass concentrations of SS and oil in the sewage were 10.65 and 2.43 mg/L respectively;the light transmittance reached 84.0%,and the flocs was tight.The optimal agent dosing method was:adding organic flocculant immediately after the inorganic flocculant was added.Different flocculants produced various flocs with different morphologies.The larger the CPAM-1 dosage was,the tighter the flocs produced by the compounded flocculant would be.
Surgical procedure for modifying the duodenum in cattle to measure bile flow and the diurnal variation in biliary manganese, iron, copper and zinc excretion

A surgical procedure is described for modifying the duodenum of cattle so that bile can be sampled and its rate of flow measured for long periods. In 12 steers, aged three months to three years and weighing between 50 and 650 kg, bile flow ranged from 2 to 12 ml per minute, the rate of flow increasing with bodyweight. The rate of flow expressed as ml per minute per 100 kg bodyweight decreased as bodyweight increased, the regression equation being in (ml per minute per 100 kg) = 1·65–0·0022 x where x = bodyweight (kg), r = 0·871. The mean concentrations of copper, iron, manganese and zinc in bile were 8·2, 6·2, 17·1 and 3·3 μmol per litre respectively. The concentration of iron was the least variable between the steers. The average total chelate concentration was 100 mmol per litre and total solids ranged from 5·4 to 7·2 per cent. Diurnal patterns in bile flow and trace element excretion were measured in four adult steers during a period of 38·5 hours. Although the rate of excretion of iron, zinc and copper and bile flow varied throughout the period, changes could not be associated with feeding or time of day. The concentration of manganese in bile and its excretion rate varied in a reproducible manner which may be related to feeding activity. The mean output of the four trace elements in bile from the four steers during 24 hours was, copper 37·7 μmol, iron 68·0 μmol, manganese 80·3 μmol and zinc 59·6 μmol.
On the Crenation of a Compound Liquid Droplet

The dynamic response of a small, very viscous liquid droplet composed of a core fluid surrounded by a thin fluid shell is examined as additional fluid is deposited into this incompressible shell. At early times, the shell incorporates the extra mass by ruffling its external surface, and a number of crenations form. These protuberances decrease in size and number over a longer time period, and eventually the droplet again becomes spherical, with an increased radius. This sequence of events and its dependence on the rheological properties of the fluids are studied. These effects compare well qualitatively with those obtained using a surface fluid rather than a finite thickness shell of fluid. The possible implications of this fluid model for the surface ruffling effects observed in cell biology are discussed.
Non-Elective Paraesophageal Hernia Repair Portends Worse Outcomes in Comparable Patients: a Propensity-Adjusted Analysis.

Introduction Patients undergoing non-elective paraesophageal hernia repair (PEHR) have worse perioperative outcomes. Because they are usually older and sicker, however, these patients may be more prone to adverse events, independent of surgical urgency. Our study aimed to determine whether non-elective PEHR is associated with differential postoperative outcome compared to elective repair, using propensity-score weighting.
Similarity clustering in the presence of outliers: Exact recovery via convex program

We study the problem of clustering a set of data points based on their similarity matrix, each entry of which represents the similarity between the corresponding pair of points. We propose a convex-optimization-based algorithm for clustering using the similarity matrix, which has provable recovery guarantees. It needs no prior knowledge of the number of clusters and it behaves in a robust way in the presence of outliers and noise. Using a generative stochastic model for the similarity matrix (which can be thought of as a generalization of the classical Stochastic Block Model) we obtain precise bounds (not orderwise) on the sizes of the clusters, the number of outliers, the noise variance, separation between the mean similarities inside and outside the clusters and the values of the regularization parameter that guarantee the exact recovery of the clusters with high probability. The theoretical findings are corroborated with extensive evidence from simulations.
Fluorescence In situ Hybridization: Cell-Based Genetic Diagnostic and Research Applications

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a macromolecule recognition technology based on the complementary nature of DNA or DNA/RNA double strands. Selected DNA strands incorporated with fluorophore-coupled nucleotides can be used as probes to hybridize onto the complementary sequences in tested cells and tissues and then visualized through a fluorescence microscope or an imaging system. This technology was initially developed as a physical mapping tool to delineate genes within chromosomes. Its high analytical resolution to a single gene level and high sensitivity and specificity enabled an immediate application for genetic diagnosis of constitutional common aneuploidies, microdeletion/microduplication syndromes, and subtelomeric rearrangements. FISH tests using panels of gene-specific probes for somatic recurrent losses, gains, and translocations have been routinely applied for hematologic and solid tumors and are one of the fastest-growing areas in cancer diagnosis. FISH has also been used to detect infectious microbias and parasites like malaria in human blood cells. Recent advances in FISH technology involve various methods for improving probe labeling efficiency and the use of super resolution imaging systems for direct visualization of intra-nuclear chromosomal organization and profiling of RNA transcription in single cells. Cas9-mediated FISH (CASFISH) allowed in situ labeling of repetitive sequences and single-copy sequences without the disruption of nuclear genomic organization in fixed or living cells. Using oligopaint-FISH and super-resolution imaging enabled in situ visualization of chromosome haplotypes from differentially specified single-nucleotide polymorphism loci. Single molecule RNA FISH (smRNA-FISH) using combinatorial labeling or sequential barcoding by multiple round of hybridization were applied to measure mRNA expression of multiple genes within single cells. Research applications of these single molecule single cells DNA and RNA FISH techniques have visualized intra-nuclear genomic structure and sub-cellular transcriptional dynamics of many genes and revealed their functions in various biological processes.
Epilepsy, ADHD, and Methylphenidate

The effects of methylphenidate in thirty children, ages 6 to 16, with epilepsy and ADHD were evaluated in a 4-month period at Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
In silico and in vitro drug screening identifies new therapeutic approaches for Ewing sarcoma

The long-term overall survival of Ewing sarcoma (EWS) patients remains poor; less than 30% of patients with metastatic or recurrent disease survive despite aggressive combinations of chemotherapy, radiation and surgery. To identify new therapeutic options, we employed a multi-pronged approach using in silico predictions of drug activity via an integrated bioinformatics approach in parallel with an in vitro screen of FDA-approved drugs. Twenty-seven drugs and forty-six drugs were identified, respectively, to have anti-proliferative effects for EWS, including several classes of drugs in both screening approaches. Among these drugs, 30 were extensively validated as mono-therapeutic agents and 9 in 14 various combinations in vitro. Two drugs, auranofin, a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, and ganetespib, an HSP90 inhibitor, were predicted to have anti-cancer activities in silico and were confirmed active across a panel of genetically diverse EWS cells. When given in combination, the survival rate in vivo was superior compared to auranofin or ganetespib alone. Importantly, extensive formulations, dose tolerance, and pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated that auranofin requires alternative delivery routes to achieve therapeutically effective levels of the gold compound. These combined screening approaches provide a rapid means to identify new treatment options for patients with a rare and often-fatal disease.
Differences in Lip Support with and without Labial Flanges in a Maxillary Edentulous Population. Part 4: Patient‐Centered Analysis

Purpose To study the subjective differences in facial esthetics evaluations and the ability to distinguish facial changes due to changes in lip support, when evaluated by patients themselves. An additional objective was to study the differences between patients’ self-evaluation versus evaluation of other patients. Materials and Methods A total of 22 maxillary edentulous patients from the original sample of 31 patients described in Part 1 of the study, returned to participate in this part of the study. The 22 patients acted as judges for all images in this study, and were therefore un-blinded to the objectives and details of the study. Patients first completed evaluation of facial esthetics on a visual analog scale (VAS). Four digital images per patient (total of 88 images) were evaluated in a random order, twice by all 22 patients. The mean scores from all judgments were used as the outcomes to be analyzed. All patients then took a discriminatory sensory analysis test (triangle test) where they were required to correctly identify the image with a flangeless denture out of a set of 3 images. Both the VAS and triangle test ratings were conducted twice in a random order, and mean ratings were used for all analyses. Results For VAS analysis, there were no statistically significant or clinically significant differences in facial esthetics ratings between flange and flangeless dentures (p < 0.05). This was true for both profile and frontal images, irrespective of self-evaluation versus evaluation of other patients, years of patient edentulism, and judge (patient) gender. For the triangle test, frontal images had a correct identification rate of 50.2% and profile images of 50.4%, and the difference was not significant. There were no significant differences in triangle test results with respect to self-evaluation versus evaluation of other patients and judge (patient) gender. For all patients, the likelihood of correctly identifying images with flangeless dentures was significantly greater than 1/3, which was the minimum chance for correct identification (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Flangeless dentures resulted in no differences in facial esthetics ratings for frontal and profile images, when evaluated by patients. When patients were forced to look for differences, flangeless dentures were detected in half of the image sets. These findings were similar for self-evaluation versus evaluation of other patients and for both patient genders.
Learning Shape Trends: Parameter Estimation in Diffusions on Shape Manifolds

Learning the dynamics of shape is at the heart of many computer vision problems: object tracking, change detection, longitudinal shape analysis, trajectory classification, etc. In this work we address the problem of statistical inference of diffusion processes of shapes. We formulate a general Ito diffusion on the manifold of deformable landmarks and propose several drift models for the evolution of shapes. We derive explicit formulas for the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters in these models, and demonstrate their convergence properties on simulated sequences when true parameters are known. We further discuss how these models can be extended to a more general non-parametric approach to shape estimation.