cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychophysiological aspects of systematic desensitization: Some outstanding issues

Abstract Nine psychophysiological propositions generated by systematic desensitization theory were examined in the light of recent research. Four propositions were substantially confirmed, four partially confirmed and one was not confirmed. Facts reviewed did no agree with the prediction from desensitization theory that less threatening stimuli decondition faster than more threatening stimuli. With the exception noted above, desensitization theory was generally supported. A scheme for distinguishing four types of autonomic response change (habituation, reciprocal inhibition, counterconditioning and extinction) was presented.
Growth and characterization of semipolar InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells and light-emitting diodes on (10 1 1) GaN templates

InGaN/GaN MQW samples were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on (10-1-1) oriented GaN templates. Effects of growth temperature and reactor pressure on the photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated. The emission intensity improved significantly when the QWs were grown at 100 Torr, compared to higher pressure growths. The effect of well-width on the luminescence properties was investigated and an optimum well width of 40 A was determined. Excitation dependent PL measurements revealed no shift in the PL emission wavelength suggesting the absence of electric field in the quantum wells. Furthermore, LEDs fabricated on (1011) GaN templates, emitting at 439 nm, showed no shift in the EL emission wavelength with the increase in drive current, reconfirming the absence of polarization.
Modulation of tissue responsiveness to angiotensin-II in hyperprolactinemic subjects.

The present studies were designed to test the hypothesis that hyperprolactinemia modulates target tissue responsiveness to angiotensin-II (AII). Adrenal and pressor responses to All infusions were determined in six patients with PRL-secreting pituitary microadenomas and in five normal controls during defined electrolyte balance. Hyperprolactinemic and normal subjects had similar mean blood pressures while on a regular Na intake (82.5 ± 0.5 vs. 81.2 ± 0.3 mm Hg). However, after 4 days of Na loading (200 meq/day), the mean blood pressure in hyperprolactinemic subjects was higher than that in normal (86.6 ± 1 vs. 83.4 ± 0.8 mm Hg; P < 0.05). In addition, enhancement of the mean blood pressure response to three doses of All was noted in hyperprolactinemic subjects (P < 0.05) compared to that in normal subjects. After 4 days of Na restriction (10 meq/day), the mean blood pressure in hyperprolactinemic subjects was similar to that in normal subjects (79.7 ± 0.6 vs. 78.9 ± 1 mm Hg). However, despite adequate Na ...
PERSPECTIVE: Empirical Generalization and the Role of Culture in New Product Development†

Empirical generalization continues to be a challenge in most applied fields that favor publication of original results. The purpose of this study was to report on a new product development exercise in one, controlled cultural setting, which replicates and extends Ettlie (2002). Results from four recent graduate business classes in Portugal show that the background of students—technical versus other or mixed—is a nearly perfect predictor of the average or central estimates the class makes tendency (median) of new product success in the exercise. Country matters little. These results have now persisted over nearly seven years, and implications are discussed concerning theory, practice, and future research.
Optimization-based dynamic human walking prediction: One step formulation

A new methodology is introduced in this work to simulate normal walking using a spatial digital human model. The proposed methodology is based on an optimization formulation that minimizes the dynamic effort of people during walking while considering associated physical and kinematical constraints. Normal walking is formulated as a symmetric and cyclic motion. Recursive Lagrangian dynamics with analytical gradients for all the constraints and objective function are incorporated in the optimization process. Dynamic balance of the model is enforced by direct use of the equations of motion. In addition, the ground reaction forces are calculated using a new algorithm that enforces overall equilibrium of the human skeletal model. External loads on the human body, such as backpacks, are also included in the formulation. Simulation results with the present methodology show good correlation with the experimental data obtained from human subjects and the existing literature. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MERGER-DRIVEN FUELING OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: SIX DUAL AND OF AGNs DISCOVERED WITH CHANDRA AND HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS

Dual active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and offset AGNs are kpc-scale separation supermassive black holes pairs created during galaxy mergers, where both or one of the black holes are AGNs, respectively. These dual and offset AGNs are valuable probes of the link between mergers and AGNs but are challenging to identify. Here we present Chandra/ACIS observations of 12 optically selected dual AGN candidates at , where we use the X-rays to identify AGNs. We also present Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 observations of 10 of these candidates, which reveal any stellar bulges accompanying the AGNs. We discover a dual AGN system with separation kpc, where the two stellar bulges have coincident [O iii] ?5007 and X-ray sources. This system is an extremely minor merger (460:1) that may include a dwarf galaxy hosting an intermediate mass black hole. We also find six single AGNs, and five systems that are either dual or offset AGNs with separations kpc. Four of the six dual AGNs and dual/offset AGNs are in ongoing major mergers, and these AGNs are 10 times more luminous, on average, than the single AGNs in our sample. This hints that major mergers may preferentially trigger higher luminosity AGNs. Further, we find that confirmed dual AGNs have hard X-ray luminosities that are half of those of single AGNs at fixed [O iii] ?5007 luminosity, on average. This could be explained by high densities of gas funneled to galaxy centers during mergers, and emphasizes the need for deeper X-ray observations of dual AGN candidates.
Abstract W P154: Increase in the Rate of Comorbid Diabetes in Stroke Hospitalizations From 1998 to 2011: The National Inpatient Sample

Due to the obesity epidemic in the US Population, there has been a related increase in type 2 diabetes. We sought to examine the trend within patients hospitalized due to stroke in a representative population. Methods: Using data from 1998 through 2011 from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS), we aimed to see the trends in diabetes for patients hospitalized with a primary discharge diagnosis of stroke (SAH (ICD code 430), ICH (ICD codes 431 and 432.9) and Ischemic (ICD codes 433x1, 434.11and 434.91). Secondary ICD codes were used to define diabetes. Hospitalizations used in this analysis included patients aged 20 years and over at date of admission. Results: For the 14 years examined, there were a total of 1,360,839 records with primary diagnosis of stroke, distributed as; 5.4% SAH, 15% ICH, and 79.6% Ischemic. The sample was 46% male; and 29% had diabetes (93% type 2). The rate of diabetes for each stroke subtype was: 12.2% SAH, 22.2% of ICH, and 31.5% of Ischemic. The proportion of stroke discharges with diabetes showed a significant increase with time, with a year over year increase in 12 of the 13 periods, from 26.5 in 1998 to 30.0 in 2011. Conclusions: The proportion of patients hospitalized for stroke who had comorbid diabetes continue to increase year over year, with almost one third of patients hospitalized for Ischemic stroke also having diabetes in 2011. This suggests that control of diabetes, and associated reduction of obesity may lead to reduction of stroke in the US.
Secrecy coverage

Motivated by information-theoretic secrecy, geometric models for secrecy in wireless networks have begun to receive increased attention. The general question is how the presence of eavesdroppers affects the properties and performance of the network. Previously the focus has been mostly on connectivity. Here we study the impact of eavesdroppers on the coverage of a network of base stations. The problem we address is the following. Let base stations and eavesdroppers be distributed as stationary Poisson point processes in a disk of area n. If the coverage of each base station is limited by the distance to the nearest eavesdropper, what is the maximum density of eavesdroppers that can be accommodated while still achieving full coverage, asymptotically as n → ∞?
Predictors of Bullying Behavior, Victimization, and Bully-Victim Risk Among High School Students With Disabilities

The literature on bullying among students with disabilities is burgeoning. The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors for adolescents’ involvement in bullying across the bullying continuum. Drawing from the National Longitudinal Transition Study–2 (NLTS2), 2,870 adolescents with disabilities were sampled. Results from multinomial regression analyses indicated that internalizing symptoms and interpersonal skills were significant predictors of victimization and bully-victimization risk, respectively. Disability status emerged as a significant predictor only for bullying behavior. Ethnic differences were found for victimization roles, but not for bullying, suggesting that Caucasian students were most vulnerable to being the target of bullying or serving dual roles as bully-victims relative to students from other ethnic backgrounds. Implications for these findings are discussed.
Canine pituitary prolactin: isolation and partial characterization.

SummaryHighly purified canine prolactin has been prepared and partially characterized. The material is comparable in potency to ovine prolactin, and similar in amino acid composition as well.I thank Prof. C. H. Li for reading the manuscript and his suggestions. I also thank Dr. M. Aubert, Dr. S. W. Farmer, Jean Knorr, and J. D. Nelson for their assistance. The canine pituitaries were put at my disposal by Dr. S. Kaplan (Dept. of Pediatrics) and Dr. R. Weiner (Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology), both of the University of California, San Francisco. This work was supported in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (AM-6097) and a Rockefeller Center Grant.
Effect of Organ Extracts on Blood Regeneration.

We wish to report the results of some experiments made to determine the effects of various organ extracts on blood regeneration in animals made anemic by bleeding. This work was begun three years ago, but the contradictory findings at different times made it seem unwise to make an earlier report.The preparations used consisted of (1) 75 per cent alcoholic extracts of the stomach, liver and spleens of calves; (2) saline suspensions of the cells of the same organs of rabbits; (3) hemoglobin solution; (4) fat-soluble non-saponifiable material from calves' livers; (5) saline extracts of these organs of rabbits which had been made anemic by bleeding.Rabbits were used in all the experiments. They were made anemic by bleeding from the heart. The blood removed constituted about 3 per cent of the body weight, about 60 per cent of the total volume. Several blood counts and hemoglobin determinations were made before the bleeding and at frequent intervals afterwards. Our interpretation of the results of the injection...
GABPα Binding to Overlapping ETS and CRE DNA Motifs Is Enhanced by CREB1: Custom DNA Microarrays

To achieve proper spatiotemporal control of gene expression, transcription factors cooperatively assemble onto specific DNA sequences. The ETS domain protein monomer of GABPα and the B-ZIP domain protein dimer of CREB1 cooperatively bind DNA only when the ETS (C/GCGGAAGT) and CRE (GTGACGTCAC) motifs overlap precisely, producing the ETS↔CRE motif (C/GCGGAAGTGACGTCAC). We designed a Protein Binding Microarray (PBM) with 60-bp DNAs containing four identical sectors, each with 177,440 features that explore the cooperative interactions between GABPα and CREB1 upon binding the ETS↔CRE motif. The DNA sequences include all 15-mers of the form C/GCGGA—–CG—, the ETS↔CRE motif, and all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and occurrences in the human and mouse genomes. CREB1 enhanced GABPα binding to the canonical ETS↔CRE motif CCGGAAGT two-fold, and up to 23-fold for several SNPs at the beginning and end of the ETS motif, which is suggestive of two separate and distinct allosteric mechanisms of cooperative binding. We show that the ETS-CRE array data can be used to identify regions likely cooperatively bound by GABPα and CREB1 in vivo, and demonstrate their ability to identify human genetic variants that might inhibit cooperative binding.
Pediatric nurses' index of well-being and influencing factors

Objective:To investigate pediatric nurses' index of well-being and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:A total of 758 pediatric nurses were investigated by the scale of index of wellbeing(IWB).Results:The pediatric nurses' index of wellbeing was statistically lower than normal population(P0.01).The related factors of well-being were age,department,personnel character,position,night shift,health status,family relationship and job stress.Stepwise linear regression showed that work resources and environmental stress,professional stress and spouses' affection were independent predictive variables of well-being,general affect and life satisfaction,respectively.Conclusion:The pediatric nurses' well-being was not as good as normal people.The effective measures to control the influencing factors may increase work efficiency and improve staff's well-being.
Overview of the TAC2013 Knowledge Base Population Evaluation: English Sentiment Slot Filling.

This document provides an overview of the Text Analysis Conference 2013 Knowledge Base Population Sentiment Slot Filling (SSF) track. Sentiment Slot Filling was a new task added this year, and pushed the state of the art in sentiment by requiring teams to provide sentiment analysis in open domains across a variety of genres. The task focused on identifying the polarity of sentiment as well as sentiment holders and sentiment targets.
Inertial fusion technology spin-offs-history provides a glimpse of the future

The development and demonstration of inertial fusion is incredibly challenging because it requires simultaneously controlling and precisely measuring parameters at extreme values in energy, space, and time. The challenges range from building megajoule (10{sup 6} J) drivers that perform with percent-level precision to fabricating targets with submicron specifications to measuring target performance at micron scale (10{sup -6} m) with picosecond (10{sup -12} s) time resolution. Over the past 30 years in attempting to meet this challenge, the inertial fusion community around the world has invented new technologies in lasers, particle beams, pulse power drivers, diagnostics, target fabrication, and other areas. These technologies have found applications in diverse fields of industry and science. Moreover, simply assembling the teams with the background, experience, and personal drive to meet the challenging requirements of inertial fusion has led to spin-offs in unexpected directions, for example, in laser isotope separation, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography for microelectronics, compact and inexpensive radars, advanced laser materials processing, and medical technology. It is noteworthy that more than 40 RD studies of the equation of state (EOS) of matter under conditions relevant to the interior of planets and stars; development of uniquely intense sources of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) to hard x-ray emission, notably the x-ray laser; understanding of the physics of strong field interaction of light and matter; and related new phenomena such as laser-induced nuclear processes and high-field-electron accelerators. Some of these developments have potential themselves for further scientific exploitation such as the scientific use of advanced light sources. There are also avenues for commercial exploitation, for example the use of laser plasma sources in EUV lithography.« less
Synthesis of the Rubiyunnanin B Core Aglycon

Rubiyunnanin B possesses an intriguing anticancer profile whose activity is dependent on the glycosylation of a fused tyrosinyl residue. We have developed a rapid synthesis of the rubiyunnanin B dityrosine core using a Suzuki coupling. Furthermore, the atropisomeric and isomeric products obtained were identified and their distribution controlled. The two major products obtained from the dityrosine coupling were discovered to be locked cis/trans isomers of the internal amide with atropisomerization quantifiable on the NMR timescale.
Tools of the Trade: What Do You Need to Flip?

This chapter answers one of the big questions that instructors new to flipping content often have: “What do I use to do this?” Though technologies are forever evolving, this chapter covers the “tools of the trade” and guides readers in deciding which tool characteristics are best, be these low or high-tech. The chapter also reminds readers to chunk content into manageable bits of information, using a combination of low- and high-tech tools.
A Continuous Compact DC Model for Dual-Independent-Gate FinFETs

Multiple-independent-gate (MIG) silicon FinFETs were recently shown capable of enabling: 1) device-level polarity control; 2) dynamic threshold modulation; and 3) subthreshold slope tuning down to ultra-steep-slope operation. These operation mechanisms can unlock a myriad of opportunities in digital as well as analog design. Here we discuss a continuous compact direct-current (dc) model, capable of describing the current–voltage characteristics of a class of MIG FinFETS, namely dual-independent-gate (DIG) FinFETs, over all its biasing design space. This model captures some of the unique features of DIG FinFETs including the dependence of its super-steep subthreshold swing on drain bias and polarity gate bias. An excellent agreement is shown between the model and measured experimental current–voltage characteristics in these devices. Moreover, the predictive nature of the model is evaluated by foreseeing the perspectives of DIG FinFETs as efficient RF detectors at very high frequencies.
Abstract 651: PPARg and Intracerebral Hemorrhage

No medical or surgical therapy to date has been approved to significantly reduce morbidity or mortality after Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Even in the patients who survive the ictus, the resulting hematoma within the brain triggers a series of events leading to secondary insults and severe neurological deficits. Hematoma absorption is a process of activated phagocytes to engulf the damaged and dead tissue, then leave the site and permit new tissue to fill the wound. Phagocytosis allows the non-inflammatory clearance of dead and dying cells. If we could remove the dislocated blood components timely and efficiently before they undergo lysis and spillage of toxic material by phagocytosis, then we could provide better protection to other brain parenchyma cells. Systematical administration of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) significantly promoted hematoma resolution and improved functional recovery in a mice ICH model. The microglia isolated from rat/mice brains showed higher phagocytosis rate and capacity when treated with 15d-PGJ 2 , an endogenous PPARγ agonist. 15d-PGJ 2 or rosiglitazone significantly up-regulated expression of two PPARγ-regulated genes (anti-oxidant gene-catalase and macrophage scavenger receptor gene-CD36), while downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory intermediators in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting PPARγ by GW9662, an PPARγ antagonist, or knockdown PPARγ by using the Cre-LoxP system in microglia significantly counteracted the effects of 15d-PGJ 2 in promoting phagocytosis or in inhibiting generation of pro-inflammatory genes. Blocking PPARγ in microglia by intracellular delivery anti-PPARγ antibody significantly inhibited the neuroprotective effects of 15d-PGJ 2 upon PPARγ activation during phagocytosis. Therefore, PPARγ activation in microglia may promote phagocytosis and hematoma absorption after ICH by upregulating the expression of anti-oxidant enzymes and the scavenger receptor; down-regulating expression of NF-κB-controlled proinflammatory intermediators. PPARγ in microglia/ macrophage may act an anti-inflammatory factor to promote hematoma absorption and protect other brain cells from inflammation-mediated injury after ICH.
Earth Formation and Evolution

Ideas for Earth evolution emerge from our recognition that the process of formation was one that was traumatic and hot but that a large part of the memory of this was lost by rapid subsequent cooling. A memory of this initial condition is nonetheless preserved in the geochemistry of Earth, including core composition and perhaps thermal state. Some perspectives on the history of the field are offered, particularly on the role of Lord Kelvin and his incorrect estimate of the age of Earth, and the role of the Soviet school of cosmogony in providing a view of Earth formation that invokes common rather than special processes. Some simple scaling arguments are offered to promote understanding of the timescales and energy budgets that govern Earth formation and evolution. A commentary is provided that links the topics covered in this volume, with emphasis on the interconnected nature of all aspects of Earth evolution, including life. Some outstanding questions are listed and debated.
Developing an integrated cloud-based spatial-temporal system for monitoring phenology

Abstract Geospatial cloud computing offers computing infrastructure, software and data services that enable rapid integration of ecological data from various resources. The objectives of this study were to utilize readily-available and low-cost technology (e.g., GPS–enabled cameras, Cloud photo storage, Google Drive) to create a cloud-based spatial-temporal inventory of plant (including flowering phenology) and other relevant information. An interactive ArcGIS Online Map of Lake Issaqueena, SC with sampling locations of flowering plants allows users to obtain additional information (plant, soil, weather data) by selecting sampling locations or soil polygons. The contents of the map can be filtered using any of the attributes (e.g., growth form) in the data tables by selecting specific information. Plant information can be viewed at custom time intervals using the settings in ArcGIS Online. Spatial patterns (e.g., clustering) in the plant data can be viewed using the ArcGIS Online heat map view. The map can be easily queried and viewed on both computers and hand-held devices. Services from multiple cloud infrastructures can be integrated for use by various species monitoring programs, improving workflow and assessment capabilities.
Deception in Medicine: Hermes or Asclepius?

“Imagination is the ally of both lying and truth-telling. It is double-edged; it has its uses and abuses, its privileges and penalties. On the one hand, it is one of our most powerful tools for knowing reality, and on the other it reverts to its original idolatrous form of image-making which is inev
Team Diversity and New Venture Performance: The Role of Family Relationships

Integrating organizational conflict and upper echelon theory, this paper develops a conceptual model to examine how team diversity contributes to performance in nascent entrepreneurial firms. We hy...
Defects in Thymic Development: DiGeorge/CHARGE/Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion

DiGeorge anomaly is characterized by defects of the heart, thymus, and parathyroid. To make the diagnosis of DiGeorge anomaly, two of the three organs must be affected. The genetic and syndromic associations with DiGeorge anomaly include 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, CHARGE (coloboma, heart defects, atresia of the choanae, retardation of growth and development, genital hypoplasia, ear anomalies and/or deafness) syndrome, and diabetic embryopathy. Most infants with DiGeorge anomaly have a small thymus resulting in low T cell numbers. Less than 1% of infants with DiGeorge anomaly are athymic and consequently have no thymically-derived T cells. This condition is “complete” DiGeorge anomaly. These infants are at high risk for life-threatening infections. Some infants with complete DiGeorge anomaly may develop an atypical phenotype similar to Omenn syndrome, with circulating oligoclonal T cells and severe rash. The symptoms leading to the diagnosis of DiGeorge anomaly and the management of these patients are described in this chapter.
Consumer Acceptance Comparison Between Seasoned and Unseasoned Vegetables.

Recent findings show that approximately 87% of the U.S. population fail to meet the vegetable intake recommendations, with unpleasant taste of vegetables being listed as the primary reason for this shortfall. In this study, spice and herb seasoning was used to enhance palatability of vegetables, in order to increase consumer acceptance. In total, 749 panelists were screened and recruited as specific vegetable likers of the vegetable being tested or general vegetable likers. Four sessions were designed to evaluate the effect of seasoning within each type of vegetable, including broccoli, cauliflower, carrot, and green bean. Each panelist was only allowed to participate in one test session to evaluate only one vegetable type, so as to mitigate potential learning effect. Overall, the results showed that seasoned vegetables were significantly preferred over unseasoned vegetables (P < 0.001), indicating the sensory properties were significantly improved with seasoning. When general vegetable likers and specific vegetable likers were compared in terms of their preference between seasoned and unseasoned vegetables, the pattern varied across different vegetables; however, general trend of seasoned vegetable being preferred remained. The findings from this study demonstrate the effect of seasoning in enhancing consumer liking of vegetables, which may lead to increased consumption to be assessed in future studies. PRACTICAL APPLICATION To improve the sensory properties of vegetables, masking the bitter taste of vegetables using spice and herb seasoning are gaining increasing attention. Our findings suggest that the overall liking of vegetables could be improved by incorporating spice and herb seasonings that are specifically formulated for each vegetable. Ultimately, developing and commercializing spice and herb seasonings may aid to increase vegetable consumption, as well as expanding the vegetable seasoning market.
Residency Mini-fellowships in the PGY-5 Year: Is There Added Value?

Rationale and Objectives With the restructuring of radiology board certification, many residencies created PGY-5 “mini-fellowships,” during which residents spend focused time pursuing advanced subspecialty training or developing nonclinical skills in leadership, health policy and health-care economics, education, quality improvement, informatics, research, or global health. We surveyed graduates of an academic diagnostic radiology residency to assess the relative value and impact of PGY-5 mini-fellowships on career satisfaction and success. Methods From 2012 to 2016, 39 radiology residents at our institution were offered the opportunity to pursue a 3- to 6-month mini-fellowship during the PGY-5 year. Thirty of 39 radiology residents (77%) participated, whereas 9 of 39 (23%) opted out. Of 39 residents, 13 completed two clinical mini-fellowships, 3 completed research mini-fellowships only, and 14 completed one nonclinical and one clinical mini-fellowship. Through SurveyMonkey, 23 of 39 residents (59%) responded to a questionnaire that collected basic demographic information and asked respondents about the value of this experience as it relates to fellowship choice and career using a five-point Likert scale. Results Of 23 respondents (14 male, 8 female,1 not specified), 78.3% practice in an academic university-based setting, with 8.7% in a community-based hospital practice, 4.3% in the veterans system, and 4.3% in a private practice setting. Of 23 respondents, the most popular clinical mini-fellowships were magnetic resonance imaging (31.6%), neuroradiology (21.1%), and interventional radiology (15.8%). For nonclinical mini-fellowships, the most popular were research (10.5%), education (10.5%), global health (5.3%), and healthcare economics (5.3%). Of 23 respondents who did mini-fellowships, 95% felt that the mini-fellowship prepared them well for their career, 85% felt it gave them the necessary skills to succeed, 85% cited that it gave them additional skills beyond their peers, and 40% felt it helped them create a life-long connection to a mentor. Ninety-five percent of respondents would choose to do the mini-fellowship again. Respondents suggested increasing the duration to 6–9 months and to develop a more structured curriculum and mentorship component. Only one respondent felt that the nonclinical mini-fellowship took away time from furthering clinical skills. Conclusions Graduates of a university-affiliated academic radiology residency who participated in clinical and nonclinical mini-fellowships during the PGY-5 year of residency greatly value this experience and uniformly recommend that this type of program continue to be offered to trainees given its ability to develop skills perceived to be vital to ultimate career satisfaction and success.
Time domain modeling of active materials

This talk will overview the recent advances and details of time domain modeling of active materials. We focus on the multiphysics modeling of multi-level atomic systems coupled to full-wave time domain Maxwell's solver to include the transitions taking place in gain media. Different atomic systems, 2-level and higher, are reviewed and compared. The details of efficient and universal numerical implementation, as well as experimental characterization and calibration of the model are discussed. Also, we address simulation techniques that handle spontaneous emission and stochastic noise.
Inpatient Versus Outpatient Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Which Has Higher Patient Satisfaction?

Abstract Background More surgeons are offering patients the option of having adult reconstructive procedures performed as an outpatient at an ambulatory surgery center. However, it is unknown if these patients have higher or lower satisfaction with their care than patients having a traditional inpatient stay. The purpose of this study is to compare satisfaction between inpatients and outpatients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty. Methods Portions of the Health Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey, the Friends and Family Test, and 8 additional questions were administered to 174 consecutive patients. There were 8 non-responders (95.4% response rate) leaving 102 who underwent inpatient and 64 who had outpatient surgery. Responses were stratified using the “boxes” scoring approach as recommended by Health Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems and analyzed with a chi-squared or Fischer’s exact test where appropriate. Power analysis determined that 38 patients per group were needed to detect a 1-point difference in overall satisfaction between groups with 80% power and alpha of 0.05 considered significant. Results Outpatients responded with more top responses when asked about the staff’s explanation of any medicines received (91.4% vs 77.5%, P = .026), the staff’s assistance with their pain management (98.3% vs 88.0%, P = .022), the written health information they were given upon discharge (98.3% vs 90.1%, P = .05), and the courtesy and respect from the nurses (100.0% vs 92.2%, P = .022). Inpatients responded with more bottom responses when asked how prepared they felt for discharge home (8.9% vs 0.0%, P = .014). Top responses in overall satisfaction with the facility (87.1% vs 93.4%, P = .204) and overall experience (89.2% vs 95.2%, P = .177) were similar between inpatients and outpatients, respectively. Not surprisingly, inpatients were older (64.1 vs 59.2 years, P = .001), heavier (body mass index 32.7 vs 30.4, P = .035), and had higher Charlson comorbidity scores (2.6 vs 1.9, P = .002). Conclusion Although satisfaction was high in both groups, when differences were present they favored outpatient surgery in the ambulatory surgery center.
Using Best Practice Advisory alert to increase early advanced care planning discussion and palliative care referral in advanced cancer patients.

320Background: Patients with advanced cancer can benefit from early initiation of palliative care (PC) and advanced care planning (ACP). In theory, the Medical Order for Life-Sustaining Treatments ...
Changing conceptions of death as a function of depression status, suicidal ideation, and media exposure in early childhood

Objective This study characterized 3- to 6-year-old children’s understanding of death as a function of depression status, suicidal ideation (SI), and media consumption. Method Participants were 79 children with depression (3.0–6.11 years old) who completed a comprehensive psychiatric assessment and experimenter-led death interview and a comparison group of 60 healthy children (4.0–7.12 years old). The interview assessed children’s understanding of 5 concepts of death: universality, applicability, irreversibility, cessation, and causality. Children’s mastery of each concept and overall understanding of death was examined as a function of depression and SI status: depressed with SI (n = 22), depressed without SI (n = 57), and healthy (n = 60). Children’s observed emotional reactions to hearing about natural death, accidental death, and suicide were assessed by death-themed stories. Parent reports of children’s television and videogames/internet consumption assessed links between media exposure and understanding of death. Results Children with depression and SI scored higher on overall understanding of death than those with depression without SI and healthy children. They also exhibited more sad and anxious affect listening to death-themed stories and were more likely to describe death as caused by violence. Across this sample, older children also were more likely to depict death as violent. More television use was associated with less understanding of death, including the concept of irreversibility. Conclusion Children with depression and SI have a more advanced understanding of death than their peers, dispelling the myth that these ideations arise in the context of a poor understanding of death. The increase in violence attributions across early childhood could indicate increasing normalization of violence in children’s perceptions of death. Clinical trial registration information: A Randomized Controlled Trial of PCIT-ED for Preschool Depression; http://clinicaltrials.gov ; NCT00595283 .
DISCOURSES OF BISEXUALITY AMONG OLDER WOMEN: LABELS VERSUS LIVES

Older bisexual women report differences in life experiences and significant health disparities compared to non-bisexual counterparts. In-depth qualitative analyses are needed to provide a better understanding of how older women construct their bisexual identities in later life. This study applies a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis to in-person interviews with older bisexual women (N=12) to identify the specific linguistic tools and broader discourses that participants drew on when constructing their bisexual identities as well as the historical influences that impact their use of language. Two divergent groups of women, Early Emergers and Mature Migrators, emerged based on the ways in which they constructed bisexuality and by the timing of the onset of their reported attractions to women. Early Emergers constructed bisexuality as a stable, biological concept while Mature Migrators challenged this narrative by emphasizing the fluidity of sexuality through discourses of migration spurred by “light bulb” moments. Although participants described feelings of ambivalence toward bisexuality as a label, they also constructed bisexuality as creating freedom and possibility in the full context of their lives. This study reveals the unique contributions of discourse analyses in identifying patterns in constructions of bisexuality among older women as well as the need for scholars to critically and intentionally contribute to discourses of bisexuality. Practitioners should allow clients to describe their sexual identity and the meaning behind that identity within the full context of their lives in order to validate and recognize the unique life patterns among older bisexual women.
Deliberative peacebuilding: agency and development in post-conflict practice

This article builds and tests a model of deliberative peacebuilding by examining the work of the Suffolk-Lenadoon Interface Group (SLIG) in Belfast, Northern Ireland. This model combines scholarshi...
Molecular cloning and functional expression of an LLC-PK1 cell taurine transporter that is adaptively regulated by taurine.

Studies have shown that the renal tubular epithelium adapts to alterations in the sulfur amino acid composition of the diet. The renal adaptive response has been described in man, mouse, rat, dog, and pig. The observed phenomenon involves increased or decreased initial rate activity of the NaCl-dependent taurine transporter at the brush border membrane surface of the proximal tubule following dietary manipulation of taurine. A cDNA encoding a taurine transporter has been isolated from LLC-PK1 cells, designated pTAUT, and its functional properties have been examined in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The nucleotide sequence of the clone predicts a 621-amino acid protein with about 90% homology to other cloned taurine transporter cDNAs. When expressed in oocytes the transporter displays a Km of 25 μM and is dependent on the presence of external sodium and chloride, characteristics similar to taurine uptake by LLC-PK1 cells. The abundance of pTAUT mRNA and protein were up-regulated in cells cultured in taurine-free medium as compared with cells cultured in medium containing 500 μM taurine. Activation of PKC by PMA had no effect on adaptive regulation of pTAUT mRNA and protein, indicating that down-regulation of LLC-PK1 cell taurine transport activity by PMA occurs at the post-translational level.
Adopting Chip Sealing Performance-Based Approaches to Determine Rational Design Quantities

Chip seal research advocates for performing rational design computations prior to construction to determine the initial chip and binder application rates. Research indicated that a major concern in chip seal construction industry is the lack of following a formal/documented computational design approach. This study is a result of research that investigated ways to improve chip seal design specifications in Oregon State, focusing on field application rates. The objective of this article is to encourage agencies and contractors to adopt a formal established design approach to determine their aggregates and binder application rates. This is established through identifying the parameters considered in the design while showing straightforward procedures to follow formal design approaches. Chip seal design calls for conducting laboratory and field evaluations and uses the results as input data to estimate the appropriate quantities of materials. Thus, involved parties at the design stage are required to (1) understand the properties of chip seal materials (aggregate and binder), (2) identify the pre-seal road condition, and (3) use said information in the design process. This study uses various roadways located in Klamath Falls, Oregon to verify the importance of using rational design procedures. The roadways were constructed in accordance with Oregon Department of Transportation specifications; however, application rates were based upon the agency’s previous experience rather than using a rational design approach. The study compares roadways’ infield application rates and rationally estimated rates based upon two commonly used methodologies, namely McLeod and New Zealand. Findings shows that roadways constructed using infield application rates close to the rationally estimated rates had better embedment and a longer predicted life span when compared to the rest of roadways that had excessive aggregate amounts and less binder content.
Nano-to-micro diamond formation by nanosecond pulsed laser annealing

Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of nano-, micro-, twinned, and lonsdaleite diamonds, which are formed after melting and quenching of amorphous carbon or Q-carbon essentially at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. These conversions depend on the degree of undercooling, which is controlled by the laser parameters and thermal conductivities of the amorphous carbon and the substrate. The laser melting and undercooling provide liquid-phase packing of atoms similar to high-pressure, which facilitate the conversion of amorphous carbon into diamond or Q-carbon without using any catalyst. By changing the nucleation and growth rates, we have synthesized a wide range of sizes (4 nm to 3 μm) of diamond crystals. The formation of twinned and lonsdaleite diamonds is controlled by the quenching rate. Therefore, we have created a “factory of diamonds” at ambient conditions by nanosecond laser annealing, which will pave the pathway to design high-speed mechanical and electrical devices.Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of nano-, micro-, twinned, and lonsdaleite diamonds, which are formed after melting and quenching of amorphous carbon or Q-carbon essentially at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. These conversions depend on the degree of undercooling, which is controlled by the laser parameters and thermal conductivities of the amorphous carbon and the substrate. The laser melting and undercooling provide liquid-phase packing of atoms similar to high-pressure, which facilitate the conversion of amorphous carbon into diamond or Q-carbon without using any catalyst. By changing the nucleation and growth rates, we have synthesized a wide range of sizes (4 nm to 3 μm) of diamond crystals. The formation of twinned and lonsdaleite diamonds is controlled by the quenching rate. Therefore, we have created a “factory of diamonds” at ambient conditions by nanosecond laser annealing, which will pave the pathway to design high-speed mechanical and electrical devices.
Toward the laser control of electronic decoherence.

Controlling electronic decoherence in molecules is an outstanding challenge in chemistry. Recent advances in the theory of electronic decoherence [B. Gu and I. Franco, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9, 773 (2018)] have demonstrated that it is possible to manipulate the rate of electronic coherence loss via control of the relative phase in the initial electronic superposition state. This control emerges when there are both relaxation and pure-dephasing channels for decoherence and applies to initially separable electron–nuclear states. In this paper, we demonstrate that (1) such an initial superposition state and the subsequent quantum control of electronic decoherence can be created via weak-field one-photon photoexcitation with few-cycle laser pulses of definite carrier envelope phase (CEP), provided the system is initially prepared in a separable electron–nuclear state. However, we also demonstrate that (2) when stationary molecular states (which are generally not separable) are considered, such one-photon laser control disappears. Remarkably, this happens even in situations in which the initially factorizable state is an excellent approximation to the stationary state with fidelity above 98.5%. The laser control that emerges for initially separable states is shown to arise because these states are superpositions of molecular eigenstates that open up CEP-controllable interference routes at the one-photon limit. Using these insights, we demonstrate that (3) the laser control of electronic decoherence from stationary states can be recovered by using a two-pulse control scheme, with the first pulse creating a vibronic superposition state and the second one inducing interference. This contribution advances a viable scheme for the laser control of electronic decoherence and exposes a surprising artifact that is introduced by widely used initially factorizable system-bath states in the field of open quantum systems.
Improving resident education through unstable chicken hips: a novel way to teach an infant hip examination.

Current clinical screening for infantile hip dysplasia relies on combined Ortolani and Barlow maneuvers, which have a quoted sensitivity and specificity of 74-98 and 84-99%, respectively. Teaching this delicate physical examination maneuver is difficult as it requires a distinct tactile feel. The purpose of this study is to validate a benchtop learning grocery-bought chicken simulator model of newborn hip instability through a pre- and post-test surveys. Methods This model of hip dysplasia uses whole chickens. A posterior capsulotomy of the chicken's hip joint was performed to create instability. Provocative maneuvers to dislocate and relocate the hip were taught by a pediatric orthopedic surgeon. All participants completed an anonymous pre- and post-training surveys. Results A total of 58 participants were included in the study: 10 medical students, 13 pediatric residents, 15 orthopedic residents, and 20 orthopedic or pediatric attending physicians. The pediatric residents had performed the Barlow/Ortolani tests more than the orthopedic residents (96.15 ± 83.19 vs. 37.53 ± 60.89; P = 0.01); however, fewer pediatric residents reported feeling a positive examination (31 vs. 67%). The majority of the group agreed that the simulation felt and moved like an infant's hip (3.95 and 4.13; Likert five-point scale). The participants unanimously agreed that the model could be used to teach someone new to pediatrics the basic steps of the examination (4.91; Likert five-point scale) and should be implemented in the teaching curriculum (100%). Conclusion The current study validates the benchtop model in teaching the clinical steps in detecting hip dysplasia. The model improved confidence and comfort level for all participants and proved to be a valuable tool for resident education in multiple specialties. By improving education with this model, we hope to improve early identification of hip dysplasia with increased accuracy across subspecialties.
Crop Disease and Agricultural Productivity

Crop diseases and how they are managed can have a large impact on agricultural productivity. This paper discusses the effects on agricultural productivity of Verticillium dahliae, a soil borne fungus that is introduced to the soil via infested spinach seeds and that causes subsequent lettuce crops to be afflicted with Verticillium wilt. We use a dynamic structural econometric model of Verticillium wilt management for lettuce crops in Monterey County, California to examine the effects of Verticillium wilt on crop-fumigation decisions and on grower welfare. We also discuss our research on the externalities that arise with renters, and between seed companies and growers due to Verticillium wilt, as these disease-related externalities have important implications for agricultural productivity.