cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lake Whitefish Relative Abundance, Length-at-Age, and Condition in Lake Michigan as Indicated by Fishery-independent Surveys

In the mid 1990s, growth and condition of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) declined within commercial catches in Lake Michigan. However, underlying mechanisms responsible for the declines have not been thoroughly explored. Using fishery-independent survey data, we examined growth and relative abundance of adult whitefish over historical (1980–1990) and recent (1996–2005) time periods in three regions of Lake Michigan: north, mid, and south. Relative abundance was assessed from catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of independent surveys, and changes in growth conditions were evaluated using size-at-age estimates. Relative abundance increased in the mid and south regions between the two time periods and decreased in the north region. Length-at-age significantly declined between the two time periods in the north, mid, and south regions; the north region consistently had the lowest length-at-age. Condition also declined between the two time periods in each region. The decline in growth and condition coupled with increases in relative abundance suggest density-dependent mechanisms are contributing to the observed population changes in the south region. The north region does not appear to be regulated by density, suggesting density-independent mechanisms, such as food web changes, are influencing stocks. Changes in the mid region are likely from a mixture of increased lake whitefish abundance and food web changes. Using fishery-independent population data, our results suggest that multiple factors are potentially contributing differentially within three Lake Michigan regions to cause similar declines in length-at-age and condition of whitefish. These factors (e.g., food web changes, lake whitefish density) should be considered when managing the commercial fishery.
Identifiability issues for rotationally invariant arrays

The ESPRIT algorithm provides a computationally efficient approach for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation in situations where the sensor array is composed of two identical translated subarrays. The subarrays need not be calibrated in order to obtain the DOA estimates. The problem of DOA estimation using sensor arrays composed of two identical, uncalibrated, and rotated subarrays is considered. It is shown that, unlike ESPRIT, such rotationally invariant arrays do not provide an identifiable parameterization of the problem. Unique DOA estimates are not possible without additional calibration information when more than one signal is presented. >
Novel polymer optical couplers based on symmetry mode mixing

Emerging mixed signal modules will contain microwave, digital, and photonic circuits requiring efficient interconnect technology due to space limitation. Polymers are envisioned to perform optical interconnections via waveguides, and distribution networks via optical couplers. A novel polymer optical coupler, using center-fed mode mixing for multimode waveguide, is demonstrated experimentally for use in a mixed-signal mode environment. This coupler has lower loss and space requirement than the traditional Y-junction coupler. A limitation of this type of coupler is the small separation of the output beams. To circumvent this a microprism is introduced for wide-angle applications. >
Improving Gallager's upper bound on Huffman codes redundancy

We propose the first single bound that supersedes Gallager's (1978) upper bound on the redundancy of binary Huffman codes with the given largest source symbol probability ranging from 0 to 0.5. We define the linear logarithm and linear logarithm entropy. We find the maximal difference between the linear and the ordinary logarithms. We prove that the "redundancy" of a binary Huffmann code with respect to the linear logarithm entropy is no more than the largest source symbol probability. We therefore establish a better upper bound than Gallager's on the redundancy of binary Huffman codes.
Biorhythm in couple counseling

(1977). Biorhythm in couple counseling. International Journal of Family Counseling: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 34-39.
Two stable levels of diastolic potential at physiological K+ concentrations in human ventricular myocardial cells.

Cells in many specimens of human ventricle can exhibit either of two stable levels of diastolic potential (DP) when exposed to 4 mM K+ in vitro (i.e., -78 +/- 4 mV or -45 +/- 5 mV, mean +/- SEM). In this report we show that the DP of some partially depolarized human ventricular cells developed a sustained 25-35 mV hyperpolarization (n = 28) when bath K+ concentration (K+b) was raised from 4 to 7 mM. On return of K+b to 4 mM, the DP of most, but not all, of these cells returned to the original depolarized levels. In other cells, the transition between the two levels of DP occurred at variable K+b ranging from 1 to 20 mM. We investigated the ionic mechanism(s) underlying the shifts between the two levels of potential by studying the K+ dependence of the DP in partially depolarized cells in 22 specimens of human ventricle. DP hyperpolarized an average of 25.6 mV (from -44.4 +/- 1.3 to -70.0 +/- 1.3 mV; n = 25) when K+b was increased from 4 to 7 mM. Intracellular K+ activity, determined by K+-selective microelectrodes, was within the range of normal reported for other mammalian species (106.7 +/- 4.4 mM in 4 mM K+; n = 22) and was unaffected by increasing K+b to 7 mM (111.7 +/- 6.6 mM; n = 6). Ba2+ (0.05 mM), a blocker of the inward rectifying K+ current, reversibly prevented the hyperpolarization, whereas acetylstrophanthidin (9 microM) failed to inhibit it. These results suggest that the hyperpolarization was due to a K+-dependent increase in K+ permeability and that electrogenic sodium pumping did not contribute significantly to the process. The ionic basis of the depolarization from a hyperpolarized level of DP also was investigated. Decreasing bath Na+ concentration and exposure to 30 microM tetrodotoxin did not prevent the depolarization. However, the depolarization could be inhibited by 2 mM Mn2+. These findings suggest that the depolarization may have been due to a Mn2+-sensitive inward current.
Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules

hCG is a term referring to 4 independent molecules, each produced by separate cells and each having completely separate functions. These are hCG produced by villous syncytiotrophoblast cells, hyperglycosylated hCG produced by cytotrophoblast cells, free beta-subunit made by multiple primary non-trophoblastic malignancies, and pituitary hCG made by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary. hCG has numerous functions. hCG promotes progesterone production by corpus luteal cells; promotes angiogenesis in uterine vasculature; promoted the fusion of cytotrophoblast cell and differentiation to make syncytiotrophoblast cells; causes the blockage of any immune or macrophage action by mother on foreign invading placental cells; causes uterine growth parallel to fetal growth; suppresses any myometrial contractions during the course of pregnancy; causes growth and differentiation of the umbilical cord; signals the endometrium about forthcoming implantation; acts on receptor in mother's brain causing hyperemesis gravidarum, and seemingly promotes growth of fetal organs during pregnancy. Hyperglycosylated hCG functions to promote growth of cytotrophoblast cells and invasion by these cells, as occurs in implantation of pregnancy, and growth and invasion by choriocarcinoma cells. hCG free beta-subunit is produced by numerous non-trophoblastic malignancies of different primaries. The detection of free beta-subunit in these malignancies is generally considered a sign of poor prognosis. The free beta-subunit blocks apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes the growth and malignancy of the cancer. Pituitary hCG is a sulfated variant of hCG produced at low levels during the menstrual cycle. Pituitary hCG seems to mimic luteinizing hormone actions during the menstrual cycle.
When landscaping goes bad: the incipient invasion of Mahonia bealei in the southeastern United States

Woodlots are forest islands embedded within an urban matrix, and often represent the only natural areas remaining in suburban areas. Woodlots represent critical conservation areas for native plants, and are important habitat for wildlife in urban areas. Invasion by non-indigenous (NIS) plants can alter ecological structure and function, and may be especially severe in remnant forests where NIS propagule pressure is high. Woody shrubs in the Family Berberidaceae have been well documented as invaders of the forest–urban matrix in North America. Mahonia bealei (Berberidaceae) is a clonal shrub native to China, and is a popular ornamental in the Southeastern United States. Mahoni bealei is listed as ‘‘present’’ on some local and state floras, but almost nothing is known regarding its invasion potential in the United States. We sampled 15 woodlots in Clemson, South Carolina, to assess the invasion of M. bealei and other woody non-indigenous species (NIS). M. bealei invaded 87% of the woodlots surveyed and species richness of NIS on these woodlots varied from 5 to 14. Stepwise-multiple regression indicated that less canopy cover and older M. bealei predicted greater abundance of M. bealei, and that not all subdivisions were equally invaded (P < 0.0001; r 2 ¼ 0.88). The impact of M. bealei on native flora and fauna may be considerable, and it is likely to continue to spread in the Southeastern United States. M. bealei should be recognized as an aggressive invader in the Southeastern United States, with the potential for negative impacts on native flora and fauna.
Bayesian Model Choice and Search Strategies for Mapping Interacting Quantitative Trait Loci

Most complex traits of animals, plants, and humans are influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Interactions among multiple genes play fundamental roles in the genetic control and evolution of complex traits. Statistical modeling of interaction effects in quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis must accommodate a very large number of potential genetic effects, which presents a major challenge to determining the genetic model with respect to the number of QTL, their positions, and their genetic effects. In this study, we use the methodology of Bayesian model and variable selection to develop strategies for identifying multiple QTL with complex epistatic patterns in experimental designs with two segregating genotypes. Specifically, we develop a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to determine the number of QTL and to select main and epistatic effects. With the proposed method, we can jointly infer the genetic model of a complex trait and the associated genetic parameters, including the number, positions, and main and epistatic effects of the identified QTL. Our method can map a large number of QTL with any combination of main and epistatic effects. Utility and flexibility of the method are demonstrated using both simulated data and a real data set. Sensitivity of posterior inference to prior specifications of the number and genetic effects of QTL is investigated.
Effect of Soft Honeycomb Core on Flexural Vibration of Sandwich Panel

As honeycomb core materials have much lower transverse shear modulus than facesheet and are much thicker than the facesheets, the transverse shear deformation plays a significant role on the vibration of sandwich panels. In this paper, the vibration of a sandwich panel with two identical isotropic facesheets and a core of hexagonal cells are studied by applying a variational principle. A simplified model is used to describe the properties of hexagonal honeycomb core. Both low order and high order shear deformation models are employed for shear deformation of the facesheets and core. An analytical solution in Navier form for natural frequency of simply supported rectangular sandwich panel was obtained and the rotational effect was taken into account.
Overview for the histone codes for DNA repair.

DNA damage occurs continuously as a result of various factors—intracellular metabolism, replication, and exposure to genotoxic agents, such as ionizing radiation and chemotherapy. If left unrepaired, this damage could result in changes or mutations within the cell genomic material. There are a number of different pathways that the cell can utilize to repair these DNA breaks. However, it is of utmost interest to know how the DNA damage is signaled to the various DNA pathways. As DNA damage occurs within the chromatin, we postulate that modifications of histones are important for signaling the position of DNA damage, recruiting the DNA repair proteins to the site of damage, and creating an open structure such that the repair proteins can access the site of damage. We discuss the modifications that occur on the histones and the manner in which they relate to the type of damage that has occurred as well as the DNA repair pathways that are activated.
Representing Debt: Peruvian Presidents Belaunde's and Garcia's Reading/Writing of Peruvian Debt

Conventionally, indebtedness refers to a situation in which one subject is in a position of obligation vis-a-vis another subject. Samuel Weber offers an alternative understanding of debt as the constitution of an interpretative foundation which enables participants to claim legitimate speaking positions. By putting Weber's conception of debt to work in an examination of Peruvian debt servicing strategies, analysis moves away from an assessment of obligations among parties to an exploration of how these parties are constituted and represented in discourse so that they might serve as the grounds for furthering claims of obligation. Specifically, this paper traces two theological metaphors found in the debt servicing discourse of Presidents Fernando Belaunde Terry and Alan Garcia Perez in the 1980s. Each theological metaphor constructs very different identities for “Peruvian man,” “the International Monetary Fund,” “the logic of capital,” and “history.” As a result, Belaunde's and Garcia's narratives make contrasting claims about debt servicing obligations based on the contrasting interpretative foundations their stories construct.
Late and Never: Ronald Reagan and Tuition Tax Credits

was "firmly committed to conducting a systematic and continuing search for constitutionally acceptable methods of providing aid to par ents whose children attend nonsegregated private schools." In part be cause of this openness to nonpublic school aid, Carter received 57 percent of the Catholic vote in his narrow election victory over incum bent Republican President Gerald Ford. However, in August 1978, by a vote of 57-41, the United States Senate deleted from a bill an amend ment, co-sponsored by Democrat Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New York and Republican Robert Packwood of Oregon, which would have provided federal tuition tax credits for parents of nonpublic schoolchil dren. President Carter had led the successful opposition to this legislation.1 In October 1980, Republican Party presidential candidate Ronald Reagan reminded the Chief Administrators of Catholic Education of Carter's campaign promise. "Not only did Mr. Carter refuse to help parents [of private and parochial elementary and secondary school pupils]," said Reagan, "but he played a major role in defeating the tui tion tax credit bill when it was before the Senate." Quoting his party's platform, Reagan pledged, "Next year, a Republican White House will assist, not sabotage, congressional efforts to enact tuition tax relief into law." In part because of his openness to nonpublic school aid, Reagan
The Perceived Stress Scale for Children: A Pilot Study in a Sample of 153 Children

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the utility and validity of an efficient screening tool intended for educators, clinicians and researchers who are interested in identifying perceived chronic stress and relations among home and school performance, behavior, and health in children. Method: The Perceived Stress Scale for Children (PSS-C) was assessed on its ability to discriminate between children with known stress-related anxiety disorders from typically developing children without any identified stress-related conditions. The participants included 153 children from the northeastern United States (5-18 years) recruited via posted flyers, personal networks, and referral. Results: The results suggested that the PSS-C is easy to administer, and effectively discriminates between children with and without known anxiety/stress disorders. Conclusion: The PSS-C may be helpful for the early identification of children at risk for chronic anxiety/stress. This is important because chronic stress appears to result in increased vulnerability for poorer school outcomes and reduced home functional performance, as well as resulting in problems with overall health, mental health and body weight. An effective and efficient assessment for early identification of anxiety/stress in children assists in the development of appropriate responses.
Stability Analysis for Appearance Qualities of Rice Cultivar and Genotype × Environment Interaction and Its Relationship to Climate Factors.

Based on AMMI model,studied 25 rice varieties appearance quality character and the interaction with environment,and probed into the cultivar stabilities,correlation between G×E interaction and climate factors,Eco-climatic adaptability in chalkiness qualities.The results showed that G×E interaction in grain length(GL),grain width(GW) and ratio of grain length to width(RLW) were no different significantly;and G×E interaction in chalky grain rate(CR) and chalkiness degree(CD) were significant at 1% level.The performance of cultivar was divided into three sorts that with best stability and better chalkiness character,moderate stability and best chalkiness character and worst either stability or chalkiness character.Correlation analysis between chalkiness character's iPCA 1 and air temperature,sunlight,rainfall within paddy growth period indicated that climate factors were the most important environment factor which can decide G×E interaction.Accordingly the best quality adaptability of different cultivars to climate factors could be estimated.For instance,V 9 and V 24(Shennong 9819 and 0142) had especial adaptability to lower temperature in the chalky grain rate,V 23(Yanyou 5858) had especial adaptability to scant sunlight and higher temperature in the chalkiness degree.In actual rice plant,we may obtain lower chalky-grain rate and chalkiness degree through selecting some planting sites with reverse interaction to the variety.
Study on associated design method based on multi-level skeleton model

In order to achieve associated design of multi-discipline in aircraft development,an associated design method based on Multi-level skeleton model has been proposed. Firstly,the multi-level skeleton model which can realize the top-down transmission of design intention has been established. Secondly,the associated constraints of design have been analyzed and corresponding relationship of elements of skeleton model and parameters of elements has been researched based on network planning to realize the association and unity of design data. Finally,the effectiveness of above method has been verified by taking some model of aircraft wing.
Present Status and Recommendations of the Community Team Working on Disease Control and Prevention in Minhang District of Shanghai

The transformation of the community health service mode brings challenges to disease prevention and control work which was accustomed in"upper and lower level"mode.The present status for disease prevention and control work of Community Health Service Team at Minhang District was firstly expounded,including 3 major classifications and 15 details.The team followed the three principle,i.e.adapting to local demands,taking priority to mass problems,using simplest technology.The team provided a safe,effective,convenient and economic public health service and basic medical services with the advantage of wider coverage.The present problems of the team include human resource shortage,working quality not easily controlled,functional localization, etc.For better services to the residents,to strengthen human resources construction,expand training,establish a demonstration and strengthen the working quality were suggested.
Differential induction of apoptosis in lymphoid tissues during sepsis: variation in onset, frequency, and the nature of the mediators

Apoptosis (Ao), is a process by which cells undergo a form of nonnecrotic cellular suicide. Although for most cells this is a constitutive process, it can be induced in immature and differentiating immune cell populations by stress mediators associated with inflammation. This inducible form of A(o) is referred to as programmed cell death. However, it is not clear whether hematopoietic cell populations such as the thymus and bone marrow are induced to undergo A(o) during polymicrobial sepsis. To assess this, thymocytes, bone marrow cells, or splenocytes (as a source of comparative nonhematopoietic cells) were harvested from C3H/HeN mice at 1, 4, or 24 hours after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP; to induce polymicrobial sepsis) or sham-CLP (Sham). The results showed that mixed bone marrow cells ex vivo, although not to the same extent as thymus, showed a marked increase in the percentage of cells in A(o), increased endonuclease activity, and a significant decrease in cell yield at 24 hours but not at 4 hours after CLP. Similar changes were not evident in splenocytes. Phenotypic, as well as morphologic assessment, indicated that most of the increase in apoptotic cells in the thymus was associated with the immature T cells (CD4+CD8+) and CD8-CD4- cells. In contrast, the increase in bone marrow cell A(o) was associated with only the B220+ cells, with no significant contribution from myeloid cells. Treatment of CLP mice in vivo with either RU-38486 or PEG-(rsTNF-R1)2 was unable to reverse the increased A(o) in the bone marrow of these animals. Taken together, these findings indicate that A(o) as a process induced by polymicrobial sepsis is not limited to the thymus, but can also be detected in the bone marrow. However, unlike thymic A(o), bone marrow is not affected directly/indirectly by glucocorticoids or tumor necrosis factor released during sepsis.
Triplet Repeats and DNA Repair

This chapter describes methods for the isolation of specific cell types that reveal how and where expansion can occur. For the hereditary component of expansion, the male germ cell has proved useful in distinguishing processes that can contribute to expansion, as described in our article (Nature Genetics 27, 407, 2001). Mature spermatazoa (SZs) can be isolated directly from the epididymis. Haploid spermatids (STs), diploid spermatagonia (SGs), and tetraploid spermatocytes (SCs) can be removed from the testis and sorted by fluorescence-activity cell sorting (FACS); differences in DNA content and morphology allow resolution by fluorescence and light scattering. Repeat-length measurement can pinpoint the stage at which expansion occurs. Because the timing of meiosis and mitosis with respect to sperm development is known, the analysis can distinguish repair and replication processes. Furthermore, the possible contribution of Y- or X-specific factors can be evaluated by sorting X- and Y-bearing germ cells. To enable analysis of female germ cells, we describe methods for oocyte preparations and a method for the isolation of the eight-cell-stage embryo. Therefore, the methods described here can help to answer such questions as the timing during development of expansion, whether expansion is limited to a single period, whether both replication and repair contribute to instability, and the role of somatic instability in disease. If further expansion of the inherited allele contributes to the phenotype, then intervention in somatic tissue might be therapeutic.
The effect of RP 59227, a platelet-activating factor antagonist, against antigen challenge and eosinophil and neutrophil chemotaxis in asthmatics

STUDY OBJECTIVES Platelet-activating factor (PAF), an inflammatory mediator, induces microvascular leak, eosinophil chemotaxis, and possibly increases non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness in humans. PAF antagonists may have clinical benefits in asthma. DESIGN We determined the safety and efficacy of a 240 mg oral dose of RP-59227 in attenuating the early and late phase antigen challenge in eight asthmatics, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Also determined was the effect of the ex vivo addition of PAF following placebo or drug and the level of neutrophil (NCA) and eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) in the serum immediately, and 4 h after antigen challenge with either drug or placebo. RESULTS There was not a significant difference in the maximum percent fall in FEV1 during the early and late phase on screening or placebo days or drug RP-59227 days. There was a significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) in peak ECA and NCA in blood after RP-59227. The addition of PAF to ex vivo serum was less effective in inducing chemotaxis to eosinophils following RP-59227 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS RP-59227 attenuated the release of NCA and ECA after antigen challenge, and reduced the effect of exogenously added PAF in inducing eosinophil chemotaxis but did not protect against the antigen-induced early or late phase response.
The Influence of the Transportation Environment on Driving Reduction and Cessation

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Driving is by far the most common mode of transportation in the United States, but driving ability is known to decline as people experience age-related functional declines. Some older adults respond to such declines by self-limiting their driving to situations with a low perceived risk of crashing, and many people eventually stop driving completely. Previous research has largely focused on individual and interpersonal predictors of driving reduction and cessation (DRC). The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the transportation environment on DRC. DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were combined from the Health and Retirement Study, the Urban Mobility Scorecard, and StreetMap North America (GIS data). Longitudinal survival analysis techniques were used to analyze seven waves of data spanning a 12-year period. RESULTS: As roadway density and congestion increased in the environment, the odds of DRC also increased, even after controlling for individual and interpersonal predictors. Other predictors of DRC included demographics, relationship status, health, and household size. IMPLICATIONS: The current study identified an association between the transportation environment and DRC. Future research is needed to determine whether a causal link can be established. If so, modifications to the physical environment (e.g., creating livable communities with goods and services in close proximity) could reduce driving distances in order to improve older drivers' ability to remain engaged in life. In addition, older individuals who wish to age in place should consider how their local transportation environment may affect their quality of life.© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. Language: en
Application Of Crump'S Numerical Inversion Of Laplace Transforms To Systems With Time-Dependent Coefficients

Transient responses of linear systems governed by partial dffferential equations (withtime and one spatial coordinate as independent variables), having time-dependent coefficients and non-homogeneo...
An Individual in the Void: Au bord de la vie

This chapter is the first of three to explore how theoretical ideas are realized in Gao’s plays. Offering an overview of all of his French language plays, this chapter concentrates on Gao’s first play written in French. Offering a brief textual analysis, the chapter looks at the structure of the text and how it demands a different performance style and thus creates a different aesthetic sensibility. To support this, the chapter looks at the play in a production at the Theâtre des Halles in Avignon. The chapter provides an analysis of how the play and production use traditional jingju aesthetics and concludes with the suggestion that Gao creates meaning through neutrality.
CO2 capture by amines in aqueous media and its subsequent conversion to formate with reusable ruthenium and iron catalysts

Conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) captured from industrial sources (e.g. flue gas of power plants) or even from ambient air to value-added chemicals/fuels through CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) as a possible strategy to mitigate anthropogenic CO2 emissions to the atmosphere is proposed. In this context, combining the CO2 capture and utilization steps to generate fuels instead of going through the intermediate desorption and compression of captured CO2 has started to attract considerable interest as a way to lower the energy demand for the CO2 recovery processes involved in usual carbon capture and storage/sequestration approach. The main focus of this study is CO2 capture in aqueous amine solutions and conversion of the in situ formed ammonium carbamate/bicarbonate/carbonate to ammonium formate. The amines selected for this process served the dual purpose of capturing CO2 and stabilizing the formate product. The captured CO2 was selectively converted to formate (up to 95% yield) using, among others, superbases, in the presence of Ru- and Fe-based pincer complexes under moderate reaction conditions (50 bar H2 at 55 °C). By performing a biphasic reaction (water/Me-THF), the catalyst was recycled for five consecutive cycles and a TON > 7000 was obtained for the formation of ammonium formate from captured CO2. Overall, a green and straightforward approach to produce formate from captured CO2 is presented here.
On the mechanism of high-incidence lift generation for steadily translating low-aspect-ratio wings

High-incidence lift generation via flow reattachment is studied. Different reattachment mechanisms are distinguished, with dynamic manoeuvres and tip vortex downwash being separate mechanisms. We focus on the latter mechanism, which is strictly available to finite wings, and isolate it by considering steadily translating wings. The tip vortex downwash provides a smoother merging of the flow at the trailing edge, thus assisting in establishing a Kutta condition there. This decreases the strength/amount of vorticity shed from the trailing edge, and in turn maintains an effective bound circulation resulting in continued lift generation at high angles of attack. Just below the static lift-stall angle of attack, strong vorticity is shed at the trailing edge indicating an increasingly intermittent reattachment/detachment of the instantaneous flow at mid-span. Above this incidence, the trailing-edge shear layer increases in strength/size representing a negative contribution to the lift and leads to stall. Lastly, we show that the mean-flow topology is equivalent to a vortex pair regardless of the particular physical flow configuration.
Applying math onto mechanisms: mechanistic knowledge is associated with the use of formal mathematical strategies

It is notoriously difficult for people to adaptively apply formal mathematical strategies learned in school to real-world contexts, even when they possess the required mathematical skills. The current study explores whether a problem context’s mechanism can act as an “embodied analogy” onto which abstract mathematical concepts can be applied, leading to more frequent use of formal mathematical strategies. Participants were asked to program a robot to navigate a maze and to create a navigation strategy that would work for differently sized robots. We compared the strategy complexity of participants with high levels of mechanistic knowledge about the robot against participants with low levels of mechanistic knowledge about the robot. Mechanistic knowledge was significantly associated with the frequency and complexity of the mathematical strategies used by participants, suggesting that learning to recognize a problem context’s mechanism may promote independent mathematical problem solving in applied contexts.
From the Faculty Perspective: Defining, Earning, and Maintaining Legitimacy across Academia

BackgroundResearch shows that the academic profession is largely held together by cultural rules and norms imparted through various socialization processes, all of which are viewed as sensible ways...
Medical Management of Pulmonary Embolism: Beyond Anticoagulation

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common medical condition that carries significant morbidity and mortality. Although diagnosis, anticoagulation, and interventional clot-burden reduction strategies represent the focus of clinical research and care in PE, appropriate risk stratification and supportive care are crucial to ensure good outcomes. In this chapter, we will discuss the medical management of PE from the time of presentation to discharge, focusing on the critical care of acute right ventricular failure, anticoagulation of special patient populations, and appropriate follow-up testing after acute PE.
Tunable friction through constrained inflation of an elastomeric membrane

Many areas of robotics, particularly locomotion and grasping, can benefit from the ability to modulate friction on surfaces that come into contact with objects in the environment. Previous research has tried to address the challenge of tunable friction; however, those efforts only provide modest gains or are difficult to integrate. We propose a tunable friction mechanism that relies on pneumatic actuation and is easily integrated into pre-existing soft actuators. We characterize the performance of our friction mechanism with quantitative force data for varying preload forces, substrate materials, and inflation pressures. Testing results show that our tunable friction mechanism achieves an order of magnitude differentiation in friction forces between high and low friction states. We demonstrate its potential application in a one degree-of-freedom soft crawler and a soft gripper with actuatable finger friction pads. The crawler successfully propelled itself forward by leveraging asymmetric strokes and the gripper achieved a factor of five differentiation of grip force between engaged and disengaged states of the friction tuning mechanism.
The Developmental Importance of Success and Failure Experiences at Summer Camp

Young people can learn from success and failure. Such experiences are useful in developing skills (e.g., perseverance and coping), and remain essential facets of youth programming. However, success and failure can also impede development. Appraisal theory has been used widely to examine youths’ experiences with success and failure in school and sport, yet summer camps represent an important setting where success and failure may look and feel different. In camp settings success or failure are often more subjective and less dependent on objective performance indicators such as grades, wins, or losses. Because of these contextual differences, little is known about youth experiences with success and failure at summer camp. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to use summer camp as a context to describe youths’ appraisals of success and failure experiences and the associated development. Findings explain how success and failure at camp can contribute to the positive development of self-efficacy, effective coping, and perseverance. Furthermore, some youth exhibit unproductive responses to failure at camp which may obstruct opportunities for growth. Implications for practice are recommended to help camp staff support young people through failure experiences and to maximize the positive developmental potential of both failure and success at camp.
Estimating population extinction thresholds with categorical classification trees for Louisiana black bears

Monitoring vulnerable species is critical for their conservation. Thresholds or tipping points are commonly used to indicate when populations become vulnerable to extinction and to trigger changes in conservation actions. However, quantitative methods to determine such thresholds have not been well explored. The Louisiana black bear (Ursus americanus luteolus) was removed from the list of threatened and endangered species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2016 and our objectives were to determine the most appropriate parameters and thresholds for monitoring and management action. Capture mark recapture (CMR) data from 2006 to 2012 were used to estimate population parameters and variances. We used stochastic population simulations and conditional classification trees to identify demographic rates for monitoring that would be most indicative of heighted extinction risk. We then identified thresholds that would be reliable predictors of population viability. Conditional classification trees indicated that annual apparent survival rates for adult females averaged over 5 years ([Formula: see text]) was the best predictor of population persistence. Specifically, population persistence was estimated to be ≥95% over 100 years when [Formula: see text], suggesting that this statistic can be used as threshold to trigger management intervention. Our evaluation produced monitoring protocols that reliably predicted population persistence and was cost-effective. We conclude that population projections and conditional classification trees can be valuable tools for identifying extinction thresholds used in monitoring programs.
Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index and Third-Trimester Depressive Symptoms in a Healthy Privately Insured Sample.

Objectives While being overweight (body mass index [BMI] >25) prior to pregnancy is linked to antenatal depression, whether weight is confounded by socioeconomic and/or medical risks is unclear. Study Design We assessed 66 healthy privately insured pregnant women at M = 35.0 ± 3.3 weeks for symptoms of depression (Inventory for Depressive Symptoms—Self-Report (IDS-SR 30), lifetime history of depression and other psychiatric conditions (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview), and pre-pregnancy BMI derived from pre-pregnancy weight (by recall) and directly measured height. Pre-pregnancy overweight (BMI > 25) and antenatal depression (score of mild or greater [14] on the IDS-SR 30) were assessed using logistic regression, controlling for past major depressive disorder (MDD) and demographic factors showing significant between group differences. Results Pre-pregnancy overweight ( n = 17; 25.8%) was associated with an increased risk of third trimester depression, independent of past MDD and marital status (odds ratio = 7.47; 95% confidence interval [2.09–26.68]; B (standard error) = 2.010 [0.650]). Conclusion Replication in a larger sample is suggested to confirm an independent effect of pregravid overweight on third trimester depression.
Bidirectional Relations of Impulsive Personality and Alcohol Use Across Three Waves of Data Collection.

Objective: To explore the bidirectional relations between alcohol use and three impulsive personality traits, to advance understanding of risk processes. Participants: 525 college students (mean ag...
Action rule extraction from a decision table: ARED

In this paper, we present an algorithm that discovers action rules from a decision table. Action rules describe possible transitions of objects from one state to another with respect to a distinguished attribute. The previous research on action rule discovery required the extraction of classification rules before constructing any action rule. The new proposed algorithm does not require pre-existing classification rules, and it uses a bottom up approach to generate action rules having minimal attribute involvement.
Photopolymer-based waveguide holograms for optoelectronic interconnect applications

In this paper, we report the implementation of waveguide-based holograms for several on-going applied photonics research at the Microelectronics Research Center of the University of Texas, Austin. These include a wavelength division demultiplexer (WDDM), a nonblocking wavelength-selective crossbar, an IEEE protocol compatible optical backplane bus and true-time-delay lines for wide-band phased array antennae. The exclusive characteristics of waveguide holograms and the maturity of photopolymeric materials make the reported research findings highly attractive for system integration where device performance features and system reliability are pivotal. The surface-normal configuration of both the WDDM and the wavelength-selective crossbar provides not only a much more rugged packaging due to the elimination of edge coupling but also an insertion compatibility with vertical cavity surface emitting laser integration. An eight channel wavelength division demultiplexing device with a center wavelength of 772 nm and a wavelength separation of 4 nm is demonstrated with channel to channel cross talk of less than -20 dB is experimentally confirmed in Section 2. A 3x3 crossbar with Δλ=10nm with a center wavelength of 765 nm is delineated in Section 3. An optical backplane bus containing nine memory/process boards with 72 interconnects is reported in section 4. A waveguide hologram based true-time-delay-line is presented in Section 5.
West Nile Virus and Equine Encephalitis Viruses: New Perspectives

Mosquito-borne diseases affect horses worldwide. Mosquito-borne diseases generally cause encephalomyelitis in the horse and can be difficult to diagnose antemortem. In addition to general disease, and diagnostic and treatment aspects, this review article summarizes the latest information on these diseases, covering approximately the past 5 years, with a focus on new equine disease encroachments, diagnostic and vaccination aspects, and possible therapeutics on the horizon.
Local filtering of polarization entangled photon pairs by the components of a telecom network

By treating the polarization dependent loss of fiber-optic quantum channels as a local filtering operation, we show both theoretically and experimentally how entanglement can be distilled by properly orienting local filters.
An x-band continuous wave saturation recovery electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer based on an arbitrary waveform generator.

An X-band (ca. 9-10 GHz) continuous wave saturation recovery spectrometer to measure electron spin-lattice relaxation (T1) was designed around an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). The AWG is the microwave source and is used for timing of microwave pulses, generation of control signals, and digitizer triggering. Use of the AWG substantially simplifies the hardware in the bridge relative to that in conventional spectrometers and decreases the footprint. The bridge includes selectable paths with different power amplifications to permit experiments requiring hundreds of milliwatts to fractions of nanowatts for the pump and observe periods. The signal is detected with either a single or quadrature-output double balanced mixer. The system can operate with reflection or crossed-loop resonators. The source noise from the AWG was decreased by addition of a Wenzel high-stability clock. The source is sufficiently stable that automatic frequency control is not needed. The spectrometer was tested with samples that contained 1 × 1015 to 8 × 1017 spins and have T1 between a few hundred ns and hundreds of μs. Excellent signal-to-noise ratio was obtained with acquisition times of 2–90 s. Signal-to-noise performance is similar to that of a conventional saturation recovery spectrometer with a solid-state source. The stability and data reproducibility are better than with conventional sources. With replacement of frequency-sensitive components, this spectrometer can be used to perform saturation recovery measurements at any frequency within the range of the AWG.An X-band (ca. 9-10 GHz) continuous wave saturation recovery spectrometer to measure electron spin-lattice relaxation (T1) was designed around an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). The AWG is the microwave source and is used for timing of microwave pulses, generation of control signals, and digitizer triggering. Use of the AWG substantially simplifies the hardware in the bridge relative to that in conventional spectrometers and decreases the footprint. The bridge includes selectable paths with different power amplifications to permit experiments requiring hundreds of milliwatts to fractions of nanowatts for the pump and observe periods. The signal is detected with either a single or quadrature-output double balanced mixer. The system can operate with reflection or crossed-loop resonators. The source noise from the AWG was decreased by addition of a Wenzel high-stability clock. The source is sufficiently stable that automatic frequency control is not needed. The spectrometer was tested with samples that c...
Selections From the ABC 2018 Annual Conference, Miami, Florida: Bridging Teaching Ideas From the Innovator to the Classroom:

This article offers readers 13 My Favorite Assignments that were presented at the Association for Business Communication’s 83rd annual conference held in Miami, Florida, in 2018. The teaching innov...
PI3K-dependent motility of prostate cancer cells is mediated through post-transcriptional control of the p35 regulatory subunit of CDK5

LB-92 We have previously shown that CDK5 activity is required for prostate cancer motility and metastasis (Strock et al, Cancer Res. 66:7509, 2006). Activity of CDK5, a kinase involved in cell motility, is cell type specific, tightly controlled by the restricted expression of the CDK5R1 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1) gene, which encodes p35, a protein strictly required for activity of CDK5. We have observed high levels of CDK5R1 expression across a panel of prostate cancer (DU145, LNCaP, PC3, AT6.3) cell lines and in primary prostate cancers; blocking CDK5 activity in these cells resulted in loss of motility, invasion, and metastasis. Since PI3K promotes motility and invasion in cancer, it was important to determine the relationship between PI3K signaling and CDK5 activity. Here, we demonstrate that PI3K-dependent motility of DU145 prostate cancer cells is mediated substantially through control of CDK5 activity, by post-transcriptional modulation of the CDK5 positive regulatory subunit p35. Using western blot analysis, we found that inhibitors of PI3 kinase (LY294002; 25µM) and EGFR (AG1478, 1µM) substantially inhibited p35 protein levels in prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3. LY294002 inhibited p35 protein level as early as 1 hour, and AG1478 at 2 hours. Nevertheless, real time analysis indicated 2-4 fold increase in the mRNA levels of CDK5R1 in DU145 cells after treatment with these inhibitors, indicating that the decrease in CDK5R1 protein levels was regulated at a post-transcriptional level. Boyden chamber analysis showed that LY294002 substantially inhibited the migration of DU145 cells. To determine whether the decrease in CDK5R1 was responsible for the LY294002-mediated loss of motility, we enforced expression of exogenous CDK5R1 in DU145 cells, using a lentiviral vector. This construct, containing only the coding region of CDK5R1, without the 5’ and 3’ UTRs, resulted in CDK5R1 protein expression levels similar to those in parental DU145 cells, and these levels were not decreased upon LY294002 treatment. Migration of these cells, with enforced CDK5R1 expression, was assessed by Boyden chamber analysis, in the presence or absence of LY294002. These experiments demonstrated that continued expression of CDK5R1 prevented LY294002-mediated inhibition of cell migration. Our results indicate that PI3K controls cell migration in prostate cancer cells by post-transcriptional modulation of CDK5 activity. These results, suggesting that CDK5 may be an important effector of the PI3K pathway, further suggest that CDK5 may be a potential therapeutic target in prostate and other cancers.