cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social instability and immunity in rhesus monkeys: the role of the sympathetic nervous system.

Social instability can adversely affect endocrine, immune and health outcomes, and recent evidence suggests that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) might mediate these effects. We conducted two studies with adult male rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) to understand how social conditions affect measures of SNS activity and immune function. In Experiment 1, animals were socialized in stable social conditions, then were switched to unstable (stressful) social conditions, then were returned to stable conditions. Analysis revealed quadratic effects for measures of behaviour, urinary metabolites of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and expression of immune response genes: as expected, social instability adversely impacted most measures, and the effects remediated upon re-imposition of stable conditions. Cortisol levels were unaffected. In Experiment 2, we used the sympathomimetic drug methamphetamine to challenge the SNS; animals also underwent socialization in stable or unstable groups. Surprisingly, while methamphetamine elevated plasma catecholamines, responses in lymph nodes tracked the social, and not the drug, condition: social instability upregulated the density of SNS fibres in lymph nodes and downregulated Type I interferon gene expression. Together, these results indicate that the SNS is extremely sensitive to social conditions; full understanding of the adverse effects of social instability on health should therefore incorporate measures of this health-relevant system.
Compact fiber lasers for efficient high-power generation

We report measurements of the performance of mode-filtered, Yb-doped, double-clad fiber amplifiers (30 μm core diameter) seeded with passively Q-switched, Nd:YAG microchip lasers operating at 1 kHz repetition rate and pulse durations of 0.38 ns and 2.3 ns. The amplified pulses were fully characterized spectrally, temporally, and spatially. The output beam quality was diffraction-limited (M 2 < 1.2). With the 0.38 ns seed laser, we obtained a maximum peak power of 1.27 MW, corresponding to a peak in-fiber irradiance of 440 GW/cm2. With the 2.3 ns seed laser, we obtained a maximum pulse energy of 1.1 mJ, corresponding to an in-fiber fluence of 410 J/cm 2 . This irradiance and fluence are the highest observed, to our knowledge, for ns-duration pulses, which bodes well for further power scaling with largercore fibers. Nonlinear processes resulted in spectral broadening and distortion of the pulse temporal profiles. At 1.27 MW peak power, the linewidth containing 80% of the pulse energy was 0.55 nm, and the linewidth at 1.05 mJ pulse energy was 1.0 nm. The experimental measurements were compared with the initial results of a pulse-amplification model containing no adjustable parameters. The model predictions are in excellent agreement with the measured pulse energies and small-signal gains. The laser systems employed a simple architecture, consisting of passively Q-switched oscillators; single-stage, single-pass, cw-pumped amplifiers; conventional, solid fibers; and < 6 cm coil diameters. This approach is suitable for use in practical applications requiring compact, rugged, and efficient laser sources.
Intermediate-velocity molecular and atomic ions in solids

Abstract Energy losses in solids by beam-aligned molecular ions have been shown to be diminished relative to those of atomic ions of the same velocity [2]. Analyses utilizing Brandt-Kitagawa-model charge distributions, and either the dielectric function for a damped electron gas or an extended dielectric function determined from optical measurements, support a hypothesis that the charges of the atomic fragments are reduced when they move together at small values of internuclear separation; i.e., interference effects arising from their correlated motions are insufficient to explain experimental observations. Extending the Bohr-Lindhard model for electron capture by atomic ions one finds a predicted reduction in charge of closely spaced ion pairs which arises from an enhanced electron capture probability for each atomic ion when it moves in the field of its partner; the estimated effect is consistent with experiment.
Corrigendum: "glia and neurodevelopment: focus on fetal alcohol spectrum disorders".

During the preparation of the paper the authors neglected to list all funders, the following funders were not included in the original version: Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review Awards #I01BX001819 (MG) and Career Development Award (CDA-2) #IK2BX001650 (DG). The complete Acknowledgement section should read. This study was supported in part by grant AA021876 from the National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review Awards #I01BX001819 (MG) and Career Development Award (CDA-2) #IK2BX001650 (DG). The authors are extremely grateful to Mr. Jeff Frkonja for the graphic design of Figures 1, 3, and 4. The authors would like to apologize for any potential inconvenience caused.
Satellite and surface-based remote sensing of Saharan dust aerosols

Abstract The spatial and temporal characteristics of dust aerosols and their properties are assessed from satellite and ground-based sensors. The spatial distribution of total column aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) coupled with top of atmosphere Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) shortwave fluxes are examined from the Terra satellite over the Atlantic Ocean. These data are then compared with AOD from two Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) ground-based sun photometer measurement sites for nearly six years (2000–2005). These two sites include Capo Verde (CV) (16°N, 24°W) near the Saharan dust source region and La Paguera (LP) (18°N, 67°W) that is downwind of the dust source regions. The AOD is two to three times higher during spring and summer months over CV when compared to LP and the surrounding regions. For a unit AOD value, the instantaneous TOA shortwave direct radiative effect (DRE) defined as the change in shortwave flux between clear and aerosol skies for CV and LP are − 53 and − 68 Wm− 2 respectively. DRE for LP is likely more negative due to fall out of larger particles during transport from CV to LP. However, separating the CERES-derived DRE by MODIS aerosol effective radii was difficult. Satellite and ground-based dust aerosol data sets continue to be useful to understand dust processes related to the surface and the atmosphere.
Near Detectors for a Neutrino Factory

The baseline design for a Neutrino Factory includes the need for one or more near detectors.The near detectors must be designed to carry out measurements essential to the sensitivity of the oscillation‐physics program. In addition, the intense neutrino beam delivered by the Neutrino Factory makes it possible to carry out a unique neutrino‐physics program at the near detectors. This program includes fundamental electroweak and QCD physics. The near detector must also be capable of searching for new physics, for example by detecting tau‐leptons which are particularly sensitive probes of non‐standard interactions at source and at detection. This paper is extracted from the Near Detector chapter of the Neutrino Factory Interim Design Report [1].
Successful Applications of the Balanced Scorecard in Higher Education

Are there management tools that professionals use in business that academics have used successfully in higher education? The answer to that question is yes, and the balanced scorecard (BSC) is one such tool. The author reports on measures that administrators chose for the BSCs of 2 educational institutions whose successes have been recognized through the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.
Growth rate and surface microstructure in a(6H)-SiC thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition

Monocrystalline 6H-SiC thin films have been epitaxially grown on off-axis 6H-SiC {0001} substrates in the temperature range of 1623–1873 K via chemical vapor deposition. The growth rate was a strong function of the growth temperature and the reactant gas concentration. The activation energies for growth were 64 kJ/mole and 55 kJ/mole for the (0001) Si face and the (0001) C face, respectively. The concentration of growth pits in the films increased as a function of decreasing deposition temperature, increasing concentration of reactant gases and increasing off-axis orientation. Beta-SiC islands were also observed in the epilayers when the (SiH4 + C2H4)/H2 ratio was ≥2.5:3000.
Large-scale simulations of concentrated emulsion flows.

Applications of the newly developed hybrid of the boundary integral and economical multipole techniques to large–scale dynamical simulations of concentrated emulsion flows of deformable drops are considered. For N = O (10 2 −10 3 ) drops in a periodic cell with O (10 3 ) boundary elements per drop, the method has two to three orders of magnitude gain over a standard boundary–integral method at each time–step, thus making long–time large–scale dynamical simulations feasible. In the steady shear flow, large systems N ≥ O (10 2 ) are imperative for convergence at high drop volume fractions c ≥0.5. At high concentrations, most of the shear thinning occurs for nearly non–deformed drops; at c ≈0.55 and small capillary numbers, phase transition is observed in dynamical simulations. In sedimentation of deformable drops from a homogeneous initial state, even larger N ≥ O (10 3 ) are required to accurately describe the Koch–Shaqfeh type of instability in a wide time range with N up to 1200 and ensemble averaging over the initial conditions. The dynamics of the average sedimentation rate is studied versus concentration c for matching viscosities λ=1; for a Bond number of 1.75, systems with c ∼ 0.25 are found to be most unstable. Additionally, a low drop–to–medium–viscosity ratio system, λ= 0.1, is more unstable than those with λ=0.25 and λ=1. In the third application, buoyancy– or gravity–driven motion of a large bubble/drop through a concentrated emulsion of neutrally buoyant drops is studied by simulations. For a size ratio of two, convergent (box–size independent) results for the bubble/drop settling velocity are obtained in simulations with N ≤800.
Collapsed Riemannian Manifolds with Bounded Diameter and Bounded Covering Geometry

We study the class of n-Riemannian manifolds in the title such that the torsion elements in the fundamental group have a definite bound on their orders. Our main result asserts the existence of a kind of generalized Seifert fiber structure on M n, for which the fundamental group of fibers injects into that of M n. This provides a necessary and sufficient topological condition for a manifold to admit a sufficiently collapsed metric in our class. Among other consequences we obtain a strengthened version of the “gap conjecture” in this context.
Database of Mutations That Alter the Large Tumor Antigen of Simian Virus 40

The SV40 T antigen database is a listing of plasmids and/or viruses that express mutant forms of the virus-encoded large T antigen protein. The parental virus strain, nucleic acid sequence of the mutations, the effect of the mutation on the T antigen amino acid sequence, and key references are included in the listing. The database is available from the authors as a Macintosh FileMaker Pro file, and as a hard copy printout.
Empirical Analysis of an Evolving Social Network

Social networks evolve over time, driven by the shared activities and affiliations of their members, by similarity of individuals' attributes, and by the closure of short network cycles. We analyzed a dynamic social network comprising 43,553 students, faculty, and staff at a large university, in which interactions between individuals are inferred from time-stamped e-mail headers recorded over one academic year and are matched with affiliations and attributes. We found that network evolution is dominated by a combination of effects arising from network topology itself and the organizational structure in which the network is embedded. In the absence of global perturbations, average network properties appear to approach an equilibrium state, whereas individual properties are unstable.
Use of E-Mail and the Web by Science Writers

The authors report data from two surveys of the National Association of Science Writers conducted in 1994 and 1999 to investigate e-mail and Web use by science journalists. Results show that task and social e-mail use have expanded dramatically. Also, the Web has become a regular part of science journalism. Enthusiasm for the use of the Web is a function of a positive orientation toward the quality of Web information, trust in the sources behind Web information, and individual characteristics of connectedness. The authors conclude with qualitative interviews with five science writers who provide supporting anecdotal evidence.
The human 5-HT2 receptor is encoded by a multiple intron-exon gene.

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) mediates many central and peripheral nervous system functions by its interaction with specific neuronal receptors. Here we report the genomic structure of the human 5-HT2 receptor. The SacI-EcoRI restriction fragment of rat 5-HT2 receptor cDNA was used as a probe to identify and isolate two positive clones of 8.5 and 7.0 kb from an EcoRI restriction digest of a chromosome 13 specific EcoRI fragment λ-phage human genomic library. Subcloning and sequencing of these fragments showed the 8.5 kb fragment (designated λSE-5) contained the first two exons of the 5-HT2 receptor gene. The 7.0 kb insert (λSE-2) contained an incomplete third exon. A HindIII-EcoRI fragment of this insert was used as a probe to isolate a 9.0 kb clone (λSH-2), which contained the entire third exon, from a chromosome 13 specific HindIII-fragment λ-phage human genomic library. The isolation of these three clones (λSE-5, λSE22 and λSH-2) shows that the human 5-HT2 seceptor gene consists of three exons separated by two introns and spans over 20 kb. The deduced amino acid sequence of the human, mouse and rat 5-HT2 receptors are highly conserved and all three share a 90% sequence similarity.
Convolution integral formulation of dispersive diffusion transport: numerical solutions for the coupling model waiting time distribution☆

Abstract Diffusive transport of a species in a correlated system such as entangled polymer chains or Coulombically interacting ions can be formulated as a continuous-time random walk. The physics of the correlations are determined by the waiting-time distribution. Many features of relaxation and transport in correlated systems have been successfully described by the coupling model. Previous work had used solutions in the short-time and asymptotically long-time regimes to show that a waiting-time distribution derived from the coupling model predicts a mean-square displacement which crosses over from a power-law in time to a long-time dependence. In the present work, it is demonstrated that convolution integrals can be derived directly for averaged quantities in dispersive diffusion transport which can then be solved for all times by direct numerical methods. Numerical solutions using the coupling model distribution show that the previous analytical solutions for the crossover behavior in the mean-square displacement are valid except for a narrow transition zone. The results also agree with Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations from other workers on self-diffusion of entangled polymer chains and on ion diffusion with Coulomb interactions.
Plane Waves with Dispersion and Decay: Surface Reflection for Thermoelastic Solids with Thermal Relaxation

Coupled thermoelasticity with thermal relaxation admits plane waves with exponential decay in their wake. Wave speeds depend on the coefficient of exponential decay, and calculations indicate that speeds approach standard limit values in thermal relaxation for large coefficients. They approach Fourier model values when it is small. Two examples of reflection at a half-space surface with no stress but thermal convection are considered. Formulas and calculations for speeds and decay coefficients for reflected waves, reflection angles, and change in surface temperature are presented.
INHIBITION OF UDP-D-GLUCOSE DEHYDROGENASE BY UDP-D-XYLOSE: A POSSIBLE REGULATORY MECHANISM.

Abstract The formation of several sugar nucleotides has recently been shown to be subject to inhibition or activation by allosteric modifiers ( Kornfeld et , al , 1964 ; Melo and Glaser, 1965 ; Bernstein and Robbins, 1965 ; Preiss et , al , 1965 ; Ghosh and Preiss, 1965 ; Mayer and Ginsburg, 1965; Kornfeld, 1965; Kornfeld and Ginsburg, 1965). Data presented in this paper show that UDP- D -glucose dehydrogenases from pea cotyledons, calf liver and chick cartilage are strongly and specifically inhibited by UDP- D -xylose. As this sugar nucleotide has been found to arise in some organisms by decarboxylation of UDP- D -glucuronic acid ( Feingold et , al , 1960 ; Ankel and Feingold, 1964 ) the inhibition of UDPG ∗ dehydrogenases may represent another instance of regulation by feedback.
Computational characterization of nucleotide bases: Molecular surface electrostatic potentials and local ionization energies, and local polarization energies

Electrostatic potentials and local ionization energies have been computed at the HF/6-31G* level on the molecular surfaces of the five nucleotide bases. The potentials are analyzed in terms of their most positive and negative values as well as several statistically defined quantities that reflect their patterns over the entire surface. Considerable charge separation and variability are found for all five molecules. The results are consistent with the base pairing that is known to occur. The observed reactive behavior toward electrophiles can be interpreted in terms of the complementary roles of the surface potential and the local electron lability. Local polarization energies, corresponding to a test charge being placed at specific points above the molecules, are also calculated (HF/6-31+G*), and their relationship to the local ionization energies is examined. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 83: 245–254, 2001
An animal model for myelofibrosis.

Idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM) is an acquired, insidious disorder characterized by collagen deposition in the bone marrow, splenomegaly, and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Marrow fibrosis, the hallmark histologic feature, is believed to represent a reaction toward underlying clonal proliferation of
Race effects in modifying cognitive impulsivity through self-instruction and modeling

Abstract Seven-year-old children, identified as impulsive on the basis of MFF performance, were given a training program intended to modify their impulsivity through modeling and self-instruction. All the subjects were of comparable intelligence, social class, geographic residence, and were matched on sex. The 40 experimental subjects were paired on the basis of race. Half the pairs were trained by white models and half by black models. While the results do not provide unequivocal support for the effectiveness of such training, they do demonstrate selective changes in impulsivity based upon racial similarities of models and subjects. The construct validity of the MFF as a measure of reflection-impulsivity and the relevance of social class membership is discussed.
Jamming as an enabling technology for soft robotics

This paper presents a new architecture in soft robotics that utilizes particulate jamming technology. A novel concept of actuation is described that utilizes jamming technology to modulate the direction and magnitude of the work performed by a single central actuator. Jamming "activators" modulate work by jamming and unjamming (solidifying and liquifying) a granular medium coupled to a core actuator. These ideas are demonstrated in the Jamming Skin Enabled Locomotion (JSEL) prototype which can morph its shape and achieve locomotion. Next, a new actuator, denoted a Jamming Modulated Unimorph (JMU), is presented in addition to the JSEL topology. The JMU uses a single linear actuator and a discrete number of jamming cells to turn the 1 degree of freedom (DOF) linear actuator into a multi DOF bending actuator. Full characterization of the JMU actuator is presented, followed by a concluding argument for jamming as an enabling mechanism for soft robots in general, regardless of actuation technology.
The Gap Between Beliefs and Practices: Early Childhood Practitioners' Perceptions About Inclusion

Abstract Due to education policy changes, increasing numbers of young children with disabilities are attending inclusive programs. Professionals in these settings need to have corresponding beliefs and skills so that young children with disabilities can succeed with their peers. This exploratory study examined inclusive beliefs and corresponding practices of Head Start and public pre-kindergarten (Pre-K) professionals. Results indicate that Head Start and Pre-K professionals shared similar and positive beliefs about inclusion. In regard to inclusive practices and general strategies (e.g., arranging the environment, working with families), their responses were also similar. However, they were less certain of specialized strategies, including implementing individualized education plans (IEPs), utilizing alternate forms of communication, and positioning young children with motor impairments. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Red Clover Seed Production: IV. Root Rot Resistance under Forage and Seed Production Systems

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in the USA, Canada, and northern and eastern Europe. The effects of root rot resistance of six improved cultivars and three regionally adapted ecotypes on forage and seed yield under typical production systems in Wisconsin and Oregon, respectively, were measured. The relationship of cultivar flowering capacity to seed yield was also measured. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the benefits of using improved cultivars instead of locally adapted ecotypes in Wisconsin forage production systems; (ii) determine whether selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin benefits seed production systems in Oregon; and (iii) identify strategies to increase seed yields in cultivars with improved persistence and high forage yields. Forage and seed yields were inversely related in all improved cultivars except Kenland, which had lower forage yield than the other improved cultivars and the same yield as the three local Wisconsin and Oregon ecotypes. The local ecotypes produced the highest seed yield because of a greater flower producing capacity than improved cultivars following spring forage removal. Seed yield was highly associated with the number of flowers produced by late July (r = 0.87; P ≤ 0.002). Selection for root rot resistance in Wisconsin did not benefit seed production in Oregon. Improvement in seed yield capacity of cultivars with high forage yield may be possible by selecting for rapid flowering after spring forage removal in the western Oregon seed production region.
Preoptic area opioids and opiate receptors increase during pregnancy and decrease during lactation

Opiate receptor and endogenous opioid content were determined in pregnant, lactating, ovariectomized, and ovariectomized and subsequently estradiol- and progesterone-treated adult female rats. Levels of estradiol and progesterone produced by Silastic capsules implanted in animals of the ovariectomized, hormone-treated group were similar to natural levels of those hormones induced during pregnancy. Quantitative receptor autoradiography and radioimmunoassay were used to determine [3H]naloxone binding density and immunoreactive β-endorphin content, respectively, in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. Both opiate receptor binding density and β-endorphin content in the preoptic area varied in the same direction in all experimental groups. The highest levels of both were observed during pregnancy and the lowest levels during lactation. Ovariectomy without subsequent hormone treatment produced intermediate levels of both opiate receptor and β-endorphin. Ovariectomy with experimentally-induced estradiol and progesterone levels similar to those of pregnancy produced opiate receptor density and β-endorphin content similar to those observed in pregnant animals. These data suggest that gonadal steroids are capable of altering function of the endogenous opiate system in the preoptic area. Moreover, preoptic area levels of opioids and opiate receptors are normally elevated during pregnancy and reduced during lactation. Since opiates are known to disrupt ongoing maternal behavior, a reduction of preoptic opiate function during lactation may berequired to promote normal maternal behavior. The specific preoptic region involved in opiate regulation of maternal behavior may be illustrated by the zone of opiate receptor alteration observed herein.
Mechanism for glutamic acid adsorption on a weak-base ion exchanger

Although numerous studies have investigated adsorption equilibrium for the case of a strong-electrolyte ion-exchange adsorbent with a fixed ion capacity, there is relatively little work addressing weak-electrolyte ion-exchange adsorbents, particularly when the adsorbates are also weak electrolytes. Recently, Yoshida et al. (1994, 1995), Kishimoto and Yoshida (1995), and Yoshida and Kishimoto (1995) investigated glutamic acid adsorption on various weak-electrolyte ion exchangers, and proposed that the zwitterion form of glutamic acid effectively becomes chemisorbed onto the adsorbents studied. Furthermore, Langmuir isotherms consistent with this mechanism were proposed for the commercial weak-base ion-exchanger DIAION WA30 and found to fit experimental data. In this study, an ion-exchange formalism where the adsorbed phase is represented as a charged polyelectrolyte containing exchangeable counterions, and where the chemical potential of electrically neutral ion combinations are equated in the liquid and adsorbed phases, is used to obtain adsorption isotherms for a weak-electrolyte ion exchanger. Since this approach does not lead to a Langmuir isotherm, comparisons of theoretical predictions with experimental data for glutamic acid adsorption on DIAION WA30 can be used to determine whether these data discriminate between the two adsorption mechanisms just described.
Electrophysiologic effects of N-acetylprocainamide in human beings

Abstract The electrophysiologic properties of N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) were studied in 10 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Each patient received two successive intravenous infusions: one loading infusion over 15 minutes and one maintenance infusion at a slower rate for 30 minutes. Eight patients received 10.5 mg/kg body weight and two received larger doses (16 and 21 mg/kg, respectively). NAPA plasma concentration was measured at 5 minute intervals from 0 to 25 minutes, and then at 15 and 30 minutes of the second infusion. Mean blood pressure and electrophysiologic data obtained by programmed stimulation were recorded before drug administration and at 15 and 30 minutes of the infusion when the concentration of NAPA was nearly constant in each patient (range 12 to 35 μg/ml). NAPA decreased blood pressure (p
Clinical evaluation of high-performance lossless image compression

Previously, we developed and implemented a lossless compression technique that provided a very high compression ratio for a variety of medical imaging modalities. We have extended our approach to satisfy additional requirements for the clinically acceptable implementation of lossless compression of digital medical images. Our new algorithm, called APC Codec (Rice) consists of a novel combination of techniques including adaptive prediction, Rice entropy coding, and multithreading. In order to demonstrate the clinical performance of our technique, we processed a large number of medical images (n greater than 10,000) obtained during the routine operation of the UCLA Clinical PACS. We report the resulting compression ratio and time statistics for different modalities and anatomies. The modalities tested were computed radiography (CR), magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT), and the anatomical regions included the brain, chest, abdomen and extremities. A comparison to the UNIX compress utility is provided as a performance benchmark.
Investigating Drinking via the Social Investment Hypothesis: Committed Relationship Status Moderates the Association between Educational Investment and Excessive Alcohol Consumption among College Students

A sample of 18- to 23-year-old college students (N = 183) with a heterogeneous prevalence of alcohol dependence (AD) was used to examine the relationship between normative investment and alcohol consumption. Consistent with the social investment hypothesis, AD students reported lower educational investment and less participation in committed relationships than non-AD students. The sample-wide relationship between educational investment and alcohol use was moderated by relationship status, such that students in relationships who reported high educational investment were likely to drink more than single students who reported high educational investment. This interactive effect held when controlling for sex, IQ, and a measure of self-control. The results suggest normative investment is a candidate risk factor for excessive alcohol consumption for both highly “under-committed” and “over-committed” students.
Bilingual Autobiographical Memory in Older Adult Immigrants: A Test of Cognitive Explanations of the Reminiscence Bump and the Linguistic Encoding of Memories

Twelve people who emigrated as adults from Spanish-speaking cultures and then spent at least 30 years in an Anglo culture were asked to provide autobiographical memories to word cues. All communication was in Spanish on one day and English on a second. In previous studies, there has been a bump or increase in autobiographical memories for the 10 to 30 decades. Here the increase in memories followed the age of immigration and settlement, supporting a cognitive theory of the reminiscence bump. The distributions of memories across the lifespan were similar for the Spanish sessions and the English sessions. Participants identified 20% of their memories as recalled internally in the language not being used that day. For this subset of memories, events prior to migration were more frequently recalled in Spanish, whereas events after migration were more frequently recalled in English. © 1998 Academic Press This research is motivated by two questions: (1) what, if any, is the effect of a major cultural and linguistic transition, such as immigration, on the recall of autobiographical memories? and (2) are the personal memories of persons who make such transitions preferentially sampled according to language? Based on existing theory and observation, we hypothesized that adult immigrants would show greater recall for events around the time of immigration and acculturation, that recall for events prior to immigration would emerge more readily when cued in the mother tongue, and that events after immigration would more readily surface in response to cues in the language of adoption.
Cervical epidural abscess associated with massively elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate

We present a case of an elderly woman who presented with neck pain, low-grade fever, bandemia, and a massively elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) who had a cervical epidural abscess. We believe that the selective use of ESR assisted in narrowing the differential diagnosis, as the patient had no neurological deficits and no predisposing factors such as distal infection, immunosuppression, trauma, or recent surgery. Furthermore, in the literature, an elevated ESR is consistently found in patients with epidural abscesses, whereas clinical findings such as fever, leukocytosis, and neurological deficits are only variably present.
IntraStent double-strut LD: Collapse and recoil following use in postoperative stenoses

We describe the use of the Intratherapeutics IntraStent in two postoperative patients, its collapse and recoil following deployment, and subsequent transcatheter correction.
Laser Frequency-Modulated Spectroscopy of a Laser-Guided Plasma in Sodium Vapor: Line Positions for NaH (A1Σ+–X1Σ+), Na (9–13dand 11–14s), and Ar (5p–4s)☆

Abstract Laser frequency-modulated (FM) spectroscopy has been used as an axial probe of a laser-guided electric discharge in sodium–argon vapor contained in an optically accessible metal heat pipe oven. Absorption measurements in the region 23 106–23 881 cm−1provided accurate line positions (±
ON THE HYDROGRAPHY OF THE ST. ANDREW BAY SYSTEM, FLORIDA1

The St. Andrew Bay System consists of four coastal plain estuaries of positive type. Temperature, salinity, and currents were observed over 24 hr for five to seven stations in the estuaries which were occupied five times in different seasons. At the two innermost stations, in the northern estuaries, the influence of drainage is strongest and the average salinity is low. There is almost no seasonal trend in average salinity or in the stratification of temperature and salinity. Tidal currents in the bays are predominantly diurnal, corresponding to tidal waves which enter the central bay through two passes. Surface currents often indicated longer duration of ebb than of flood stage, owing to the effect of drainage. Salinity change at the surface and bottom is caused primarily by the advective effect of currents, while in the mid-depths, salinity change is mainly due to the vertical motion of the halocline. At some stations, surface salinity showed a trend of continual decrease during 24 hr, instead of a periodic change owing to persistent ebb currents. Bottom salinity, however, usually changed periodically or was almost constant, even at these stations. In one survey, surface salinity showed a trend of increase, owing to persistent flood currents caused by winds. Salinity change at a station in a narrow pass was most sensitive to change of currents. An equation which postulates that the change of salinity during one tidal period is proportional to mean horizontal gradient of salinity and mean current is tested by several examples. Vertical stability is largest at two innermost stations and shows no seasonal trend, as is often observed in other estuaries and in the open sea.
Contributions to the Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

In early January of 1936 my wife and I visited the Kaiser Wilhelm Institut in Berlin-Dahlem. We were enroute to a postdoctoral study with Hans Spemann in Freiburg in Breisgau. While an assistant was showing us the institute, we were informed by a secretary that Professor Richard Goldschmidt, the Director of the Institut, wished to see us. I was astounded that a newly fledged Ph.D. was sought by this distinguished scientist. We found Professor Goldschmidt carefully packing his precious oriental figurines for shipment to Berkeley, California. He had recently received an invitation from Professor Charles A. Kofoid, chairman of my department, to join our faculty, thereby escaping Nazi oppression. I too had just been appointed to a beginning instructorship in my home department. We were invited to dinner at the Goldschmidt home that same day and for an evening of questions and answers about life in Berkeley. We accepted with alacrity, sacrificing a performance of the Berlin Opera. From then until the death of Richard Goldschmidt and his gracious wife, Elsa, the Goldschmidts and Eakins were very good friends.
Global Culture/Individual Identity: Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket

Global Culture/Individual Identity: Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket. Gordon Mathews. New York: Routledge, 2000. 228 pp.
Sequence Determinants in Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α for Hydroxylation by the Prolyl Hydroxylases PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a heterodimeric transcription factor induced by hypoxia. Under normoxic conditions, site-specific proline hydroxylation of the α subunits of HIF allows recognition by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (VHL), a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that targets these subunits for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Under hypoxic conditions, this hydroxylation is inhibited, allowing the α subunits of HIF to escape VHL-mediated degradation. Three enzymes, prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing proteins 1, 2, and 3 (PHD1, -2, and -3; also known as HIF prolyl hydroxylase 3, 2, and 1, respectively), have recently been identified that catalyze proline hydroxylation of HIF α subunits. These enzymes hydroxylate specific prolines in HIF α subunits in the context of a strongly conserved LXXLAP sequence motif (where Xindicates any amino acid and P indicates the hydroxylacceptor proline). We report here that PHD2 has the highest specific activity toward the primary hydroxylation site of HIF-1α. Furthermore, and unexpectedly, mutations can be tolerated at the −5, −2, and −1 positions (relative to proline) of the LXXLAP motif. Thus, these results provide evidence that the only obligatory residue for proline hydroxylation in HIF-1α is the hydroxylacceptor proline itself.
Calculation of three-dimensional laminar flows in T-shaped junctions

Abstract A numerical study of three-dimensional laminar flow in rectangular bifurcating ducts with the branching flow at 90° to the main flow was performed. The full set of Navier-Stokes equations governing the flow was solved with an existing numerical iterative procedure appropriate for recirculating flows. The method uses primitive variables such as velocity and pressure. The results show that two recirculation zones are established, one near the bottom of the main duct opposite the bifurcation and the other in the branching duct close to the upstream side. One of the cases studied reproduces the conditions of existing two-dimensional measurements with good agreement. Pairs of streamwise vortices are generated downstream of the junction zone with their centers moving towards the symmetry plane. It is shown that strong three-dimensional flow is produced in the recirculation regions of the T-shaped junction, especially at low aspect ratios.
A population approach to cortical dynamics with an application to orientation tuning.

A typical functional region in cortex contains thousands of neurons, therefore direct neuronal simulation of the dynamics of such a region necessarily involves massive computation. A recent efficient alternative formulation is in terms of kinetic equations that describe the collective activity of the whole population of similar neurons. A previous paper has shown that these equations produce results that agree well with detailed direct simulations. Here we illustrate the power of this new technique by applying it to the investigation of the effect of recurrent connections upon the dynamics of orientation tuning in the visual cortex. Our equations express the kinetic counterpart of the hypercolumn model from which Somers et al (Somers D, Nelson S and Sur M 1995 J. Neurosci. 15 5448-65) computed steady-state cortical responses to static stimuli by direct simulation. We confirm their static results. Our method presents the opportunity to simulate the data-intensive dynamical experiments of Ringach et al (Ringach D, Hawken M and Shapley R 1997 Nature 387 281-4), in which 60 randomly oriented stimuli were presented each second for 15 min, to gather adequate statistics of responses to multiple presentations. Without readjustment of the previously defined parameters, our simulations yield substantial agreement with the experimental results. Our calculations suggest that differences in the experimental dynamical responses of cells in different cortical layers originate from differences in their recurrent connections with other cells. Thus our method of efficient simulation furnishes a variety of information that is not available from experiment alone.
Discrete Negative Emotions and Customer Dissatisfaction Responses in a Casual Restaurant Setting

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate customers' emotional responses following a service failure in a restaurant setting. Specifically, this study investigates how specific emotions (...
Least-squares phase estimation with wrapped measurements and branch points

A nonorthogonal model for 2D signals with rotational components is presented, which enables estimation of phase values from observations of its local gradients. In this research, the rotational components are caused by the presence of branch points, which indicates phase wrapping. Using the proposed model, the phase is estimated using standard least-squares or recently proposed wavelet techniques by processing a linear combination of the wrapped observed gradients and the curl generated by phase wrapping.
A sufficient condition of force-closure and force distribution for grasping solid objects

This paper presents an analysis on the mechanics of grasping general solid objects under frictional point contact model. Any disturbing force/moment pair at the mass center of an object can be balanced (or force-closured) if there exist a particular set of internal forces falling inside the friction cone of the contact points. Based on this principle, sufficient conditions for the geometrical properties of the contact points guaranteeing the existence of such internal contact forces are investigated.
Sexual behavior after treatment with prostaglandin-F2α in boars with suppressed concentrations of gonadal steroids

Abstract We tested the hypothesis that prostaglandin-F2α (PGF2α) enhances sexual behavior in boars with suppressed testosterone and estradiol secretion. After semen collection at week 0, boars received an s.c. implant containing a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) or were sham-implanted. Beginning at week 1, GnRHa-implanted boars received i.m. treatment with 10 mg PGF2α (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 5) upon entering the semen collection room. Sham-implanted boars (n = 5) received i.m. vehicle. Blood was sampled and sexual behavior assessed at weeks 0 and 5. Compared to sham-implanted boars and GnRHa-implanted boars receiving PGF2α, serum concentrations of testosterone and estradiol were lower in GnRHa-implanted boars receiving saline (P 0.05). The number of false mounts (mounting artificial sow but dismounting prior to semen collection) was increased (P
Simultaneous transesophageal atrial pacing and transesophageal echocardiography in cardiac surgical patients

Objectives: To measure the effect of inserting a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe on the pacing threshold of a previously inserted transesophageal pacing stethoscope, and to examine whether an indwelling pacing stethoscope influences the feasibility and image quality of a TEE examination. Design: Prospective, open study using each patient as his/her own control. Setting: Cardiac operating room of an academic medical center. Participants: Twenty adult patients in sinus rhythm and anesthetized for cardiac surgery. Interventions: After induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, a pacing stethoscope was inserted into the esophagus. A 5-MHz TEE probe was inserted to the four-chamber-view position. A full echocardiographic examination was performed, noting image quality, ease of probe manipulation, and loss of pacing. The pacing stethoscope was removed, and image quality assessed again. Measurements and Main Results: The initial mean pacing threshold ± 1 standard deviation (SD) was 19 ± 8 mA (range, 10 to 37 mA). After placement of the echocardiography probe, the mean threshold had increased to 24 ± 8 mA (range, 11 to 40 mA; p < 0.01). Loss of pacing with probe manipulation was noted in 15 of 20 patients (transient in 10 patients, permanent in 5 patients). Problems manipulating the probe because of sticking to the pacing stethoscope were noted in 10 of 20 patients. Poor image quality, resolving after stethoscope removal, was seen in two patients. Conclusion: Placement of a TEE probe results in a modest increase of the transesophageal pacing threshold. An indwelling pacing stethoscope frequently interferes with the ability to perform a full echocardiographic examination, and probe manipulation commonly causes loss of pacing.
Attentional Control of Cochlear Micromechanics: The Role of the Medial Olivocochlear Efferent System

Abstract The role of top-down processing is a topic of considerable research interest in disciplines as diverse as cognitive psychology and neurophysiology. Scientists have considered the role of s...
Why teach ''research as a conversation'' in freshman composition courses? a metaphor to help librarians and composition instructors develop a shared model

Abstract Ongoing discussion between the Oregon State University (OSU) libraries' acting instruction coordinator and the Assistant Composition Coordinator focuses on improving collaboration between our programs and more effectively integrating the research process into the English composition curriculum. We briefly describe a qualitative analysis of the problems with students' writing that led us to develop a new model for integrating the research and writing processes. We provide our rationale for selecting conversation as a metaphor for research and summarize suggested teaching strategies from the literature that are consistent with this metaphor and approach.
A comparison of ocean topography derived from the Shuttle Laser Altimeter-01 and TOPEX/POSEIDON

To assess the utility of laser altimetry for studies in dynamical oceanography, the authors present a comparison of the Shuttle Laser Altimeter (SLA)-01 and the TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) radar altimeter on global and regional scales. They compare all /spl sim/1.1 million SLA-01 range measurements over the oceans to the CSRMSS95 gridded mean sea surface model and find the overall root mean square (RMS) difference to be 2.33 m. The misfit was improved significantly by removing the mean and trend from individual SLA-01 profiles, often resulting in RMS differences less than 1 m. They also show that in regions where sea surface height varies dramatically over relatively short horizontal scales such as across major subduction zones, SLA-01 as capable of resolving rapid changes in sea surface height. Finally, they examine a number of coastal zones and illustrate SLA-01's ability to track continuously across the land-sea interface, even in regions of dramatic coastal topography. The dominant sources of radial error in the SLA-01 data are time-interval unit (TIU) error (/spl plusmn/0.75 m) and radial orbit error (1 m RMS). Therefore, limitations of the SLA-01 data set are caused primarily by system constraints as opposed to instrumentation error. Their results indicate that future laser altimeters will provide valuable information regarding ocean topography. In particular, laser altimetry data can be used to supplement orbiting microwave ranging systems in coastal areas where such sensors are incapable of maintaining lock across the continent-ocean transition.
Early Intervention in Autism

We now know that professionals can diagnose children with autism when they are as young as 2 years of age (Lord, 1995). Screening and the role of the pediatrician have become even more critical as we have recognized the stability of early diagnosis over time and the importance of early intervention. At this point, experts working with children with autism agree that early intervention is critical. There is professional consensus about certain crucial aspects of treatment (intensity, family involvement, focus on generalization) and empirical evidence for certain intervention strategies. However, there are many programs developed for children with autism that differ in philosophy and a lack of research comparing the various intervention programs. Most of the programs for children with autism that exist are designed for children of preschool age, and not all are widely known or available. While outcome data are published for some of these programs, empirical studies comparing intervention programs are lacking. In this review, existing intervention programs and empirical studies on these programs will be reviewed, with a particular emphasis on the birth to 3 age group.