cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHAOTIC IMPULSE RADIO: A NOVEL CHAOTIC SECURE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A chaotic impulse radio system is an ultrawide-band communication system that uses a train of very narrow baseband impulses as a carrier. In the transmitter of a chaotic impulse radio system, a message signal is modulated by two kinds of pulse carriers. Firstly, a frequency modulation is used to modulate the message signal into a subcarrier that functions as the clock pulses of a chaotic circuit. Driven by the modulated clock pulses, the chaotic circuit outputs a chaotic impulse positioning sequence which generates the positions of the carrier impulses. The specially designed chaotic circuit in the transmitter guarantees that the time intervals between the carrier impulses are chaotic. Thus the energy of the impulse carrier is distributed evenly over the entire bandwidth. In the receiver of a chaotic impulse radio system the message signal is demodulated in two stages. At the first stage, the time interval between two consecutive impulses is recovered. At the second stage, a simple algorithm based on the knowledge of the chaotic circuit in the transmitter is used to calculate partially the locations of the inner clock pulses which in turn are used to demodulate the message signal. No synchronization at any level is needed in this chaotic impulse radio system. The security of this chaotic impulse radio system depends on the hardware parameters of the chaotic circuit and the inner clock pulse train. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the design procedure of an example of this chaotic impulse radio system.
The Program of the Carrand Diptych

The Carrand Diptych is one of the finest and most beautiful ivories from the Early Christian period (Florence, Bargello, Fig. 1).1 It is also one of the most enigmatic. Carved around 400, the diptych is often considered in surveys of Early Christian and late Roman art, but discussion has focused primarily on the question of where it was produced.2 Its unusual subjects have not been closely studied nor has its unique program been satisfactorily explained. The subjects of both wings are easily identified. This is their earliest known appearance in the history of art. On the left, Adam is seated nude, surrounded by wild animals. He points to the lion beside him with his right hand. This scene clearly illustrates the
Assessment of Memory for Remote Events

Two retrospective tests are described for the assessment of remote memory for past events. Both tests ask about former television programs broadcast for a single season from 1957 to 1972. One test asks about the plots of programs, and the other asks for judgments about their temporal order. The usefulness of such tests for experimental and clinical studies of memory is discussed.
A quantitative study of the relative contribution of different retinal sectors to the innervation of various thalamic and pretectal nuclei in goldfish

The contribution of retinal ganglion cells situated in different retinal quadrants to the innervation of eight nontectal, retinorecipient targets was examined in goldfish. In some fish, cobaltous-lysine was used to selectively fill severed intraretinal ganglion cell axons and the number of filled axons within each nucleus was determined. In other fish, either the dorsal or ventral or nasal or temporal retina was ablated and the remaining axons from the intact retina were filled with cobalt. The density of the cobalt-filled axons within the retinorecipient targets was quantified with a microdensitometer. All of the eight targets received different degrees of innervation when the contributions from dorsal and ventral retina were compared. The suprachiasmatic nucleus received axons from ventral, but not from dorsal, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), while the nucleus opticus dorsolateralis, nucleus opticus commissurae posterior, and nucleus opticus pretectalis dorsalis received more axons from ventral than from dorsal RGCs. The tuberal region, nucleus corticalis, and the accessory optic nucleus received axons from dorsal, but not from ventral, RGCs. The nucleus opticus pretectalis ventralis received more axons from dorsal then from ventral RGCs. Only one target, nucleus corticalis, appeared to receive more axons from nasal than from temporal RGCs. In general, those nuclei that were closest to the dorsal optic tract were innervated exclusively or predominantly by ventral RGC axons, whereas those nuclei that were closest to the ventral optic tract were innervated exclusively or predominantly by dorsal RGC axons. These data indicate that in this particular vertebrate, the dorsal and ventral retinal regions are not homogeneous with respect to their projections to nontectal nuclei. The possible role that the nontectal nuclei play in determining the course of optic axons is discussed.
Achilles tendon repair in dogs using the semitendinosus muscle: surgical technique and short-term outcome in five dogs.

Objective— To describe augmentation of primary Achilles tendon repair using suture with a semitendinosus muscle flap and report outcome in 5 dogs. Study Design— Prospective clinical study. Animals— Dogs (n=5) with Achilles tendon rupture (n=6). Methods— After tendon repair with #2 polypropylene in a 3-loop pulley suture pattern, the lateral one-half of the semitendinosus muscle was transected from the ischium, rotated distally then sutured with #2 polypropylene to the calcaneus in a 3-loop pulley pattern. The epitenon was sutured to the muscle flap fascia with interrupted sutures. All dogs had a bivalved cast for 2 weeks then a cranial splint for 2–6 weeks. Lameness scores (0=stands and walks normally to 4=non-weight-bearing lameness, plantigrade stance on affected pelvic limb) were determined every 2–3 weeks postoperatively for 12 weeks. Outcome was determined from telephone questionnaire of owners. Results— Four had lameness scores of 0, the 5th had a score of 1 at 12 weeks. Three owners were very satisfied with outcome. Minor complications included cast sores (2 dogs), infection (2), and acute swelling (1); 1 major complication occurred (infection resulting in reoperation). Conclusions— Semitendinosus flap augmentation resulted in early return to function without prolonged postoperative immobilization. Three dogs returned to full work/activity after repair. Clinical Relevance— Augmentation of primary Achilles tendon repair with a semitendinosus flap can be considered in dogs with chronic rupture but further investigation of the long-term outcome using this technique is needed.
Differential Item Functioning Assessment in Cognitive Diagnostic Modeling: Application of the Wald Test to Investigate DIF in the DINA Model.

Analyzing examinees’ responses using cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) has the advantage of providing diagnostic information. To ensure the validity of the results from these models, differential item functioning (DIF) in CDMs needs to be investigated. In this article, the Wald test is proposed to examine DIF in the context of CDMs. This study explored the effectiveness of the Wald test in detecting both uniform and nonuniform DIF in the DINA model through a simulation study. Results of this study suggest that for relatively discriminating items, the Wald test had Type I error rates close to the nominal level. Moreover, its viability was underscored by the medium to high power rates for most investigated DIF types when DIF size was large. Furthermore, the performance of the Wald test in detecting uniform DIF was compared to that of the traditional Mantel-Haenszel (MH) and SIBTEST procedures. The results of the comparison study showed that the Wald test was comparable to or outperformed the MH and SIBTEST procedures. Finally, the strengths and limitations of the proposed method and suggestions for future studies are discussed.
Dispersal of Marine Organisms and the Grand Challenges in Biology: An Introduction to the Symposium

Understanding dispersal and its complex variables is critical to understanding the ecology and evolution of life histories of species, but research on dispersal tends to reflect or emphasize particular disciplines, such as population genetics, functional morphology, evolutionary and developmental biology, physiology, and biophysics, or to emphasize a particular clade or functional group (e.g., fish, planktotrophs or lecithotrophs, pelagic or benthic organisms) in marine ecosystems. The symposium on "Dispersal of Marine Organisms" assembled an interdisciplinary group of outstanding young and established speakers to address dispersal in marine organisms in order to foster integration and cross-talk among different disciplines and to identify gaps in our knowledge and suggest areas for future research.
Response of radish to multiple stresses. I. Physiological and growth responses to changes in ozone and nitrogen.

SUMMARY Experiments were conducted to determine the impact of nitrogen and ozone (O3) stress on the growth of domestic radish Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Belle. Plants were grown in field chambers with sub-, optimal and supra-optimal levels of nitrogenous fertilizer. Chamber air was either charcoal-filtered, or supplemented with one of two levels of O3. The highest O3 treatment resulted in significant reduction in weight of hypocotyls and roots while elevated nitrogen treatments resulted in increased weight of all plant parts. Ozone did not affect the weight of plant foliage at any nitrogen level. Plants grown with lower levels of nitrogen had less leaf biomass but the tissue accounted for a greater percentage total weight than did the foliage of higher nitrogen treatments. Relative growth rate of whole plants was not affected by O3 or nitrogen treatments reflecting compensation in response to both stresses. Ozone-induced depression in biomass was observed in O3-treated plants grown with higher nitrogen supply but not in those grown with limiting nitrogen. This observation could reflect compensation at the lower levels of nitrogen supply or inability to detect changes in biomass due to reduced weights of plants grown at the lowest nitrogen supply. The dry weight ratio of sink organs (hypocotyl plus root)/shoot was significantly correlated with the total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) content of these organs, regardless of treatment. Initially, O3 induced a significant decrease and nitrogen an increase in percent TNC of sink organs. At later sampling times, plants adjusted to stress as effects on percent TNC were no longer evident.
Outpatient antibiotic prescriptions from 1992 to 2001 in The Netherlands

Objectives: Although Dutch outpatient antibiotic prescription rates are low compared with other European countries, continuing to scrutinize trends in outpatient antibiotic use is important in order to identify possible increases in antibiotic use or inappropriate increases in the use of particular classes of antibiotics. Methods: We assessed the volume of Dutch outpatient antibiotic prescriptions from 1992 to 2001 by calculating the mean number of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions (indicating the number of times physicians decide to prescribe an antibiotic agent) per 1000 patients insured by the Dutch Sickness Fund per year, according to subgroups (narrow-spectrum penicillins, broad-spectrum penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulphonamides and trimethoprim, and quinolones). Data were obtained from the Dutch Drug Information Project/Health Care Insurance Board. Results: The total volume of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions in 2001 was 394 prescriptions per 1000 patients insured by the Dutch Sickness Fund. Overall, the rates were stable between 1992 and 2001, with small variations across years, but with marked differences in volumes within antibiotic groups across these years: a decrease in prescribing of narrow-spectrum penicillins (-29%), amoxicillin (-23%), tetracycline (-24%), doxycycline (-19%) and trimethoprim and derivatives (-45%) was accompanied by an increase in prescribing of co-amoxiclav (+85%), macrolides (+110%) and quinolones (+86%). Conclusions: The international trend of a decline in the use of narrow-spectrum and older penicillins and prescribing more broad-spectrum and new chemotherapeutics was shown to exist in a low prescribing country, The Netherlands. Therefore, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing should remain prominent on the research agenda in intervention studies in order to improve the appropriate selection of antibiotic class and to reduce the prescription of antibiotics.
An RF Beam Position Measurement Module for the Fermilab Energy Doubler

This paper describes the design, realization and performance of the RF Beam Position Measurement Module designed for the Fermilab Energy Doubler. This module measures beam off-axis position and intensity over a 60db dynamic range. For 20 or more contiguous 53MHz beam bunches, the unit will derive a position signal for 108 to 1011 protons per bucket with a position accuracy of ±0.5 mm. Also, the unit will measure the position of 1010 or more protons in a single isolated rf bunch. A beam intensity signal is also generated for triggering purposes. Since 220 of these modules are to be built, cost and performance were optimized. The entire unit is housed in a 1-wide NIM module.
A review of tropical ocean–atmosphere interactions

Enormous strides have been made towards the goal of operational predictions of seasonal and interannual climate fluctuations, especially as regards the phenomenon El Nino. To initialize models, measurements are available from an impressive array of instruments that monitor the tropical Pacific continually; coupled general circulation models of the ocean and atmosphere are already capable of reproducing many aspects of the earth's climate, its seasonal cycle, and the Southern Oscillation. These achievements crown the studies, over the past few decades, that describe, explain and simulate the atmospheric response to sea-surface temperature variations, the oceanic response to different types of wind fluctuations, and the broad spectrum of coupled ocean-atmosphere modes that results from interactions between the two media. Those modes, which are involved, not only in the Southern Oscillation but also in the seasonal cycle and the climatology, differ primarily as regards the main mechanisms that determine sea-surface temperature variations in the central and eastern tropical Pacific: advection by surface currents, and vertical movements of the thermocline induced by either local winds or, in the case of the delayed oscillator mode, by non-local winds. The observed Southern Oscillation appears to be a hybrid mode that changes from one episode to the next so that El Nino can evolve in a variety of ways — advection and nonlocally generated thermocline displacements are important to different degrees on different occasions. The extent to which random disturbances, such as westerly wind bursts over the western equatorial Pacific, influence El Nino depends on whether the southern oscillation is self-sustaining or damped. Attention is now turning to the factors that determine this aspect of the Southern Oscillation, its decadal modulation which causes it to be more energetic in some decades than others. Those factors include interactions between the tropics and extratropics that affect the mean depth of the thermocline, and the intensity of the climatological trade winds. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999.00007.x
The pregeniculate nucleus of the monkey (Macaca mulatta). II. A study at the electron microscopic level

An electron microscope study of the ultrastructure of the pregeniculate nucleus of the monkey (Macaca mulatta) shows it to contain three neuronal types and four varieties of presynaptic terminals. Type I neurons are found only in the inner lamina, have small rounded profiles with few axosomatic synapses; the cytoplasm is poor in organelles and the nucleus is deeplly infolded. Type II neurons were observed infrequently and only in the outer lamina; they have large oblong profiles, exhibiting many axosomatic contacts, and containing abundant cytoplasm rich in organelles, particularly arrays of granular and agranular endoplasmic reticulum. Type III neurons were the most frequently seen and are found in both laminae; their profiles are elliptical and exhibit only a few axosomatic synapses. The cytoplasm surrounding the infolded nucleus is moderately rich in organelles with agranular endoplasmic reticulum predominating. These three neuronal types were found to correlate well with types of neurons found in material stained with cresylecht violet or impregnated by the Golgi method. Four presynaptic terminal types were discerned: a small cup-shaped profile containing spheroid vesicles and found predominantly in the outer lamina, a larger elliptical profile containing flattened spheroid vesicles, a large ramifying profile also containing round vesicles and largely restricted to the inner lamina, and a rounded profile containing larger flattened vesicles. Three days after eye enucleation, darkened degenerating profiles containing vesicles and forming asymmetric synapses were observed in the inner lamina, while the third terminal type described above could no longer be seen. The first three types are usually associated with asymmetric synaptic densities, whereas in the case of the last type, the postsynaptic synapse is symmetrical. The profile of this last terminal type was also sometimes observed to be both postsynaptic as well as presynaptic to other profiles; however, it was never observed to contain ribosomes. Such a pre- and postsynaptic terminal always forms part of the in series or triadic configuration of terminals occasionally observed in the pregeniculate nucleus.U
Photoreceptors and oil droplet colors in the red area of the pigeon retina.

Six types of photoreceptors in the red area (dorso-temporal quadrant) of the pigeon retina are identified using Golgi impregnation, light microscopy and electron microscopy. Golgi impregnation is used to categorize the receptors into morphological types. Examination of oil droplets in the inner segments of cones in fresh, unfixed tissue shows five different types which can be characterized by color, size and stratification. Therefore, in sections through the length of the receptors examined by electron microscopy, the oil droplets contained in the inner segments of the cones can be identified as to their color by their characteristics (i.e., size and stratification), and the groups of receptors thus classified, further characterized as to the morphology of their terminals. Rods have no oil droplets in their inner segments, and their synaptic terminals are located in the outermost stratum of the outer plexiform layer OPL). Principal members of double cones have yellow oil droplets in their inner segments, while accessory members contain small colorless oil droplets. The synaptic terminals of double cones are located in the same (outermost) stratum of the OPL as rod synaptic terminals. Two types of single, straight cones house either red or orange oil droplets and terminate in the intermediate stratum of the OPL. Oblique single cones with yellow-green oil droplets in their inner segments contribute synaptic terminals to the innermost stratum of the OPL.
Preoperative diagnosis of a mediastinal granular cell tumor by EUS-FNA: a case report and review of the literature

We report the first case of a posterior mediastinal granular cell tumor initially diagnosed on cytologic material obtained via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in a 51-year-old male with a prior history of colon cancer. Aspirates obtained were cellular and composed of polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm and small, round dark nuclei. An immunoperoxidase stain performed on the cell block for antibodies to S-100 protein showed strong, diffuse staining of the cytoplasmic granules. Electron microscopy performed on the cell block revealed numerous cytoplasmic lysosomes. This is the first case report in the English literature of a definitive preoperative diagnosis of a mediastinal granular cell tumor utilizing material obtained via EUS-FNA.
Z-source inverter based wind power generation system

This paper presents a wind turbine generation system based on the Z-source inverter with maximum boost control. The proposed system can boost and generate the desired output voltage efficiently when the low voltage of the generator is introduced according to the low wind speed. Moreover, when the wind speed is high, providing higher voltage, the system can also work like the traditional inverter without the boost condition. The proposed system has high performance, minimal component count, increased efficiency and reduced cost. These outstanding performance attributes make the proposed system suitable for the wind turbine distributed generation systems.
Simple centromere, complex kinetochore linking spindle microtubules and centromeric DNA in budding yeast

Although the budding yeast centromere is extremely short (125 bp) compared to those of other eukaryotes, the kinetochore that assembles on this DNA displays a rich molecular complexity. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of kinetochore function in budding yeast and present a model describing the attachment that is formed between spindle microtubules and centromeric DNA. This analysis may provide general principles for kinetochore function and regulation.
Familism Through a Developmental Lens

This article reviews an emerging literature examining the effects of familism across childhood and adolescence. Familism has been described as a Latino cultural value that emphasizes obligation, filial piety, family support and obedience, and its effects have been documented as primarily protective across childhood and adolescence. This review seeks to organize and critique existing research using a developmental science framework. Key tenets of this perspective that are highlighted in the review are close consideration of how familism develops within an individual across time, manifests itself at different points in development, and impacts child, adolescent, and family functioning. Forty-four articles were examined and categorized with results showing that the protective influence of familism is most evident during the period of adolescence. Consideration of expressions of familism and the impact of familism on outcomes during earlier and later periods of development is offered as a recommendation for deriving a more complete understanding of the function of familism in Latino families.
Volumetric microCT system for in vivo microscopy

Two of the major barriers to improved image quality in microCT are the reduced signal to noise imposed by the smaller voxels and the effects of physiologic motion. The most direct approach to increase the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is to increase the flux. This is not possible in most of laboratory and commercial microCT systems that are currently in use. We adopted a design that allows the use of high instantaneous X-ray flux combined with synchronization to physiologic motion. High quality imaging of moving organs such as the heart or the lungs is directly dependent on appropriate gating techniques. For this purpose, we acquired X-ray projections using a flexible controller to enable sophisticated biological pulse sequences to minimize the effects of motion. This paper reports on the development of a volumetric microCT scanner dedicated to structural and functional phenotyping of the live mouse.
Phase retrieval applied to stellar occultation for asteroid silhouette characterization

Here we expand on the current methods of characterizing small astronomical bodies, particularly asteroids, by viewing stellar occultation events. Stellar occultation has proven to be a viable method for determining the size of moons and asteroids; however, it comes with some limitations. In general the method does not consider or use all of the known diffraction effects that occur and thus provides a nominal radius--not a shape--of the occluder. We show that most stellar occultation events involving small near-Earth asteroids occur with low Fresnel numbers. This in effect renders the traditional methods useless to characterize the shape, because no sharp shadow exists. We show that using similar data collection to that of the traditional occultation method and inverting a Fresnel diffraction equation by a phase retrieval process can yield a complete reconstruction of the silhouette of the occluder. The effect of noise in the measurements is also discussed. A practical example applied to the asteroid 25143 Itokawa is shown.
Pollen competition as a reproductive isolating mechanism between two sympatric Hibiscus species (Malvaceae)

Differences in pollen tube growth rates (certation) between heterospecific (foreign) and conspecific pollen may strongly influence whether hybrid offspring are produced after mixed pollen loads are delivered to a stigma. For both members of a sympatric species pair, Hibiscus moscheutos and H. laevis, pollination by pure loads of foreign pollen resulted in fruit set that was not significantly different from conspecific pollination, indicating that pure loads of foreign pollen could readily result in hybrid offspring. However, the number of seeds per fruit from pure foreign pollinations was significantly less than that of pure conspecific pollination. Simultaneous mixed pollination resulted in a proportion of hybrid seeds (detected by an electrophoretic marker enzyme) that was significantly lower than expected based upon the capacity of foreign pollen to effect fertilization when applied in pure pollinations. After these 50/50% pollen mixtures were applied to stigmas, 8.0 and 7.4% hybrids were produced when H. moscheutos and H. laevis were the ovule parents, respectively. For these Hibiscus species, pollen competition appears to function as a barrier to hybridization that is of moderate intensity compared with similar barriers occurring between other recently studied sympatric species pairs.
TRIM5α-Mediated Ubiquitin Chain Conjugation Is Required for Inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcription and Capsid Destabilization.

ABSTRACT Rhesus macaque TRIM5α (rhTRIM5α) is a retroviral restriction factor that inhibits HIV-1 infection. Previous studies have revealed that TRIM5α restriction occurs via a two-step process. The first step is restriction factor binding, which is sufficient to inhibit infection. The second step, which is sensitive to proteasome inhibition, prevents the accumulation of reverse transcription products in the target cell. However, because of the pleotropic effects of proteasome inhibitors, the molecular mechanisms underlying the individual steps in the restriction process have remained poorly understood. In this study, we have fused the small catalytic domain of herpes simplex virus UL36 deubiquitinase (DUb) to the N-terminal RING domain of rhTRIM5α, which results in a ubiquitination-resistant protein. Cell lines stably expressing this fusion protein inhibited HIV-1 infection to the same degree as a control fusion to a catalytically inactive DUb. However, reverse transcription products were substantially increased in the DUb-TRIM5α fusion relative to the catalytically inactive control or the wild-type (WT) TRIM5α. Similarly, expression of DUb-rhTRIM5α resulted in the accumulation of viral cores in target cells following infection, while the catalytically inactive control and WT rhTRIM5α induced the abortive disassembly of viral cores, indicating a role for ubiquitin conjugation in rhTRIM5α-mediated destabilization of HIV-1 cores. Finally, DUb-rhTRIM5α failed to activate NF-κB signaling pathways compared to controls, demonstrating that this ubiquitination-dependent activity is separable from the ability to restrict retroviral infection. IMPORTANCE These studies provide direct evidence that ubiquitin conjugation to rhTRIM5α-containing complexes is required for the second step of HIV-1 restriction. They also provide a novel tool by which the biological activities of TRIM family proteins might be dissected to better understand their function and underlying mechanisms of action.
Renal intramedullary infusion of tempol normalizes the blood pressure response to intrarenal blockade of heme oxygenase-1 in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that intramedullary inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases the blood pressure and superoxide production response to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that increased renal medullary superoxide production contributes to the increase in blood pressure in response to blockade of renal medullary HO-1 in Ang II–induced hypertension. Male C57BL/6J mice (16–24 weeks of age) were implanted with chronic intrarenal medullary interstitial (IRMI) and infused with: saline, tempol (6 mM), the HO-1 inhibitor QC-13 (25 μM), or a combination of tempol + QC-13. Tempol treatment was started 2 days before infusion of QC-13. After 2 days, Ang II was infused subcutaneously at a rate of 1 μg/kg/min for 10 days. Blood pressures on days 7–10 of Ang II infusion alone averaged 150 ± 3 mm Hg in mice receiving IRMI infusion of saline. IRMI infusion of QC-13 increased blood pressure in Ang II–treated mice to 164 ± 2 ( P P
Driving Under the Influence Laws, Party Culture and College Students: Results from a New Orleans University

The purpose of this study is to assess awareness, attitudes and experiences regarding DUI laws among college students from the University of New Orleans (UNO). The sample consisted of 261 UNO students ages 18-30 (mean age 20.6). A 14-item questionnaire was used to collect data via central location intercept interviews. Results: Results were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, frequencies and Pearson's 2x2 Chi-Square analysis. DUI arrest was reported by 1.9% of the participants. Nearly 35% of participants reported they drove a vehicle when they had too much to drink in the 30 days prior to completing the survey. Blood alcohol knowledge was reported by only 6.5% of respondents. The results revealed that 63.5% of frequent binge drinkers drove a vehicle when it was known they had too much to drink. Alternatives to DUI behavior for frequent binge drinkers and educational programs explaining DUI laws and consequences need to be further explored. Language: en
Nellie Bly Undercover: Reporting for the New York World (1887–1894)

Having read repeatedly about a literary classic or about a biography featuring a particular activist or writer, journalism historians may believe they remember the original article, essay, or book....
Characterization of muscarinic receptor subtypes in pig airways: radioligand binding and northern blotting studies.

This study was undertaken to characterize the muscarinic receptor subtypes present in adult pig peripheral lung and airway smooth muscle. The binding of the nonselective muscarinic antagonist [N-me...
Some Environmental Factors Affecting Feeding, Oviposition, and Survival of the Southern Corn Rootworm

The effect of food, light, humidity, and temperature on feeding, oviposition, and survival of the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, was studied under controlled laboratory conditions. Adult rootworms preferred to feed in the light on lettuce and sliced yellow squash and they preferred to oviposit in the shade or dark on moist cotton in preference to candidate legumes or curcubits. Larvae did not reject any food offered in a forced-feeding (isolation) test, but they preferred sliced yellow squash when given a choice. Humidity has a significant effect on adult survival, oviposition, and egg hatch. A relative humidity above 75% was established as essential. Adult survival, oviposition and longevity were studied at 5 temperatures ranging from 45 to 95°F. Longevity was best at 65°F, and 95°F was detrimental after 3 days’ exposure. Few eggs were deposited at 45°F, large numbers were deposited at all test temperatures above 65°F, and oviposition was optimum at 85°F
Mediating Parental Relocation Cases Behind a Veil of Ignorance

Relocation cases involve one parent (usually the primary parent) requesting to relocate a child away from the child's prior residence and the nonrelocating parent. If the relocation is granted, the child and the nonrelocating parent will experience significant geographic and perhaps psychological separations. If the relocation is denied, the child will shift to the primary physical custody of the non-relocating parent and will experience such separations from the relocating parent. Relocation cases are extremely difficult for parents because they involve significant deprivations of freedom in parental decision making and of residential time with one's child, deprivations which cannot be shared equally but must be borne in greater measure by the parent who must now live far away from his or her child. Adding to this difficulty is the fact that too often, parents (especially highly involved parents with shared custody arrangements) are deprived of a meaningful opportunity to reach self-imposed and agreed solutions. Parents in relocation cases often suffer failures in traditional negotiation and mediation and are forced to abandon their own assessments of what would be in their child's best interests and accept the substitute assessments imposed by a judge. This Essay proposes a new model of mediation (mediation behind a veil of ignorance) aimed to assist parents in relocation cases in fashioning parenting plans that reflect their own assessments of what would be in their child's best interests even before a decision is made about whether the relocation will be granted.
APOBEC3 Proteins in Viral Immunity

Apolipoprotein B editing complex 3 family members are cytidine deaminases that play important roles in intrinsic responses to infection by retroviruses and have been implicated in the control of other viruses, such as parvoviruses, herpesviruses, papillomaviruses, hepatitis B virus, and retrotransposons. Although their direct effect on modification of viral DNA has been clearly demonstrated, whether they play additional roles in innate and adaptive immunity to viruses is less clear. We review the data regarding the various steps in the innate and adaptive immune response to virus infection in which apolipoprotein B editing complex 3 proteins have been implicated.
Treatment of intraoperative penile tumescence.

Intraoperative penile tumescence was managed successfully with amyl nitrite. The rationale for this treatment is discussed.
Current concepts of bilirubin metabolism in jaundice.

Studies of the metabolism of bilirubin have shown that bilirubin may be added to the already-known metabolites and exogenous substances which are excreted by the liver as glucuronides.From experiments in animals, it seems likely that bilirubin undergoes conjugation to pigment I (monoglucuronide) outside the liver or to pigment I and then to pigment II (diglucuronide) within the liver. The transformation of lipid-soluble bilirubin to water-soluble pigments is thought to be responsible for the chemical and physiologic differences between indirect and direct bilirubin in various forms of jaundice.
Landuse and Land Cover Change in the Lunan Stone Forest, China

Lunanski Kamniti gozd (Silin) je najboljsi primer takega tipa kraske pokrajine na svetu, ustreznega znanstvenega in kulturnega pomena. Kljub ekoloski krhkosti je to ena najvecjih turisticnih privlacnosti, ki jo letno obisce preko 1.5 milijona turistov. Njegovo ohranjanje spodkopavajo nasprotujoce si gospodarske prednosti in degradacija povrsja ogroža sam obstoj narodnega parka. Ugotavljanje sedanjega rastlinskega pokrova v 35 km2 velikem osrednjem delu Kamnitega gozda in analiza sprememb tega pokrova od leta 1974 dalje v 7 km2 obsegajocem Malem Kamnitem gozdu kažejo na obseg sprememb v pokrajini. Goli kraski stebri obsegajo 52 % preucevanega ozemlja v obsegu 35 km2 in okoli polovica ga je poraslega. V izrabi povrsja prevladuje poljedelstvo, predvsem v dolinah, toda velik del silina je ogolelega, okoli 6 % povrsine pa je pozidane. Na obmoeju 7 km2 Velikega Kamnitega gozda se je pozidana povrsina povecala z 0.5 ha leta 1974 na 38.68 ha leta 2001. V istem casu se je dolžina cest povecala za 95 %, medtem ko so se vodne povrsine zmanjsale za 3 %. Med 1980 in 2001 se je letni obisk poveeal s 139 000 na 1 500 000 – desetkratni porast. Potreba po uskladitvi ekonomskega razvoja in ohranjanja pokrajine vsebuje primerjavo kratkorocnega z daljnorocnim dobickom in tudi z ohranjanjem naravne in kulturne dediscine. The Lunan Stone Forest is the World’s premier pinnacle karst landscape, with attendant scientific and cultural importance. Ecologically fragile, it is also a major tourist attraction, currently receiving over 1.5million visitors each year. Conservation efforts have been undermined by conflicting economic priorities, and landscape degradation threatens the very foundation of the national park. Assessment of the current land cover in the 35km2 core of the Stone Forest and an analysis of land cover change since 1974 in the 7km2 Major Stone Forest reveal the extent of recent landscape change. Exposed pinnacle karst covers 52% of the 35km2 study area, and about half of this is vegetated. Land use is dominated by agriculture, particularly in the valleys, but much of the shilin is devegetated and about six percent of the area is now built-up. Within the 7km2 Major Stone Forest the built-up area increased from 0.15ha in 1974 to 38.68ha by 2001, and during that same period road length increased by 95%, accompanied by a 3% decrease in surface water area. Between 1980 and 2001, annual visitor numbers increased from 139,000 to 1,500,000 – a ten-fold increase. The need to reconcile economic development and landscape conservation involves both short-term versus long-term benefit and also the conservation of natural and cultural heritage.
Capacity of a peb1A Mutant of Campylobacter Jejuni to Colonize Chickens

PEB1 was first identified as a major immunogenic component of C.jejuni 2. PEB1 was also shown to promote adherence and entry of C.jejuni into human epithelial cell lines and to be homologous to the binding component of glutamine / histidine transport system proteins3. Immunologic identity to the cell binding factor CBF1 described by Kervella et al. 1 was demonstrated. Extracts of PEB1 or antiserum against the protein will inhibit binding of C. jejuni to HeLa cells. The in vivo role of PEB1 has not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine if PEB1 has a role in the colonization of chickens by C.jejuni.
S-parameter estimation algorithm for coaxial ring resonator

The concept of the optical ring resonator has been introduced to the transmission line area for years. A resonator could be composed by a common cable and a directional coupler. Its resonance frequencies are determined by the length of cable. This paper proposed an algorithm to calculate the S-parameters and input impedance of this coaxial ring resonator. This algorithm is validated by measurements and shows good estimation accuracy. By applying this algorithm, the resonance frequencies and the features of the resonator can be quickly evaluated before the resonator is built up. It provides convenience for the engineers to choose the suitable cable and coupler without doing system measurements.
A theoretical framework for synthesizing meaning based upon sensor derived information

To take advantage of recent and future advances in communications and information processing technology, military systems of the 21st century will create systems that enable the elements to operate as nodes in a geographically distributed information collection and processing network. Each network node is immersed in an information environment. An abstract means of characterizing information environments synthesized from sensor information is formulated in this paper. The limitations of such a formulation is discussed as well as directions to complete this concept is mentioned as well.
IFNg-Mediated MHC-II Expression in Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) Is Concentration-Dependent.

Abstract A significant concern in tissue repair is allo-rejection in a host with MHC-II mismatch. Since MSC appear to have veto properties to offset its own rejection, these stem cells may serve as ideal candidates in repair medicine. Interferon-g (IFN-g), which exacerbates immune responses, is known to enhance the expression of MHC-II in antigen presenting cells (e.g., macrophages). This led to the question on the mechanism by which MSC act as immune suppressor cells. We hypothesize that endogenous IFN-γ maintains basal MHC-II expression, while increased levels lead to its down regulation. Indeed, we observed a biphasic response of IFN-γ on the expression of MHC-II. While unstimulated MSC produced 19±5 pg/ml IFN-γ, exogenous IFN-γ (>100 U/ml) led to decreased expression of MHC-II. Suppression of IFN-g by siRNA resulted in undetectable MHC-II. The response of exogenous IFN-γ could not be explained by altered expression of IFN-g receptor type I (IFN-γRI) or changes in STAT-1 activation. However, western blots showed multiple isotypes of the MHC-II master regulator transcription factor, CIITA, in IFN-γ-stimulated MSC, with predominance of CIITA exhibiting low efficiency binding to DNA. This observation might explain why MHC-II is undetectable in the presence of high levels of IFN-γ. These findings support a potential for MSC as an adult stem cell in tissue repair.
Evaluation of Monitored Anesthesia Care in Sialendoscopy.

Importance In the United States, sialendoscopy is most often performed under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (GETA); however, monitored anesthesia care (MAC) may be a viable alternative. Objective To investigate patient characteristics and outcomes following sialendoscopy performed under MAC or GETA to assess the potential of MAC as an alternative anesthetic option. Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective review of medical records on patients who underwent sialendoscopy between October 1, 2011, and August 31, 2014, was performed. Patient characteristics, salivary stone characteristics, intraoperative findings, operative time (OT), anesthesia time (AT), and outcomes were evaluated. Data analysis was performed from November 1, 2015, to March 1, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures Operative and anesthetic times for sialendoscopy under MAC and GETA. Results Sixty-five patients underwent 70 sialendoscopy procedures: 27 performed under MAC, 43 under GETA. Overall, 37 of 65 (56.9%) patients were women, with 17 (63.0%) in the MAC group and 20 (52.6%) in the GETA group. Mean (SD) patient age was 49.4 (17.3) and 47.2 (16.2) years for the MAC and GETA cohorts, respectively. Median (25th-75th quartiles) OT in minutes for MAC cases was significant for no stones (49.0 [31.0-49.0]) and stones (41.0 [28.0-92.0]) present; nonsignificant findings were stones in the Wharton (46.0 [28.0-92.0]) and Stenson (37.0; 1 case) ducts. For GETA cases, significance was also demonstrated for no stones (55.0 [52.0-91.0]) and stones (77.0 [56.0-107.0]) present; nonsignificant findings were stones in the Wharton (79.0 [56.0-107.0]) and Stenson (65.0 [49.0-98.0]) ducts. The AT in minutes for MAC cases was significant for no stones (33.0 [30.0-39.0]) and stones (38.0 [32.0-55.0]) present; nonsignificant findings were stones in the Wharton (60.0 [32.0-55.0]) and Stenson (37.0; 1 case) ducts. For GETA cases, findings were also significant for no stones (61.0 [52.0-67.0]) and stones (59.0 [53.0-67.0]) present; nonsignificant findings were stones in the Wharton (60.0 [54.0-69.0]) and Stenson (52.0 [48.0-61.0]) ducts. Conclusions and Relevance This study suggests that sialendoscopy under MAC has faster median OT and AT, regardless of varying case circumstances, such as the presence or lack of stones, successful stone removal, stone size (>5 mm), stone location, and sialendoscopy-assisted open procedures. Sialendoscopy under MAC may be a reasonable anesthetic alternative to GETA in an appropriate setting with an experienced surgeon, experienced anesthesiologist comfortable with administering MAC, cases with small (
SETTLEMENT OF STRIP LOAD ON ELASTIC-PLASTIC SOIL

The gradual development of the yielded zone beneath a strip footing on an idealized elastic-plastic soil is analyzed. The corresponding stress and displacement fields and the accumulations of footing settlements after local shear failure has occurred is also shown. Factors affecting the magnitude of the displacements and the nature of the load-settlement curve are studied. The development of the electronic computer has made it possible to use finite numerical approximations to solve problems in soil mechanics that were hitherto insolvable by conventional analyses.
Visible-Light Induced Thiol–Ene Reaction on Natural Lignin

The current use of lignin as a raw material is very limited and focused only on cheap and poorly defined nonfunctional materials mainly due to challenges in synthetic modification of lignin. Herein, we report a new low energy and environmentally friendly lignin modification method induced by visible blue light. The key modification reaction is a photoredox catalyzed thiol–ene reaction. The lignin was modified to possess alkenes for the thiol–ene reaction. Three photochemical reagents—Ru(bpy)3Cl2, Eosin Y, and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone—were tested to determine the best thiol–ene modification method. The thiol–ene reaction between lignin–alkene and 1-decanethiol revealed that Ru(bpy)3Cl2 was the most efficient, resulting in conversions of 97% with 2.5 mol % catalyst loading. The Ru(bpy)3Cl2 was further investigated with diverse thiol compounds. All tested thiol–ene reactions showed excellent efficiencies, with conversions of 93–97% under low-energy 3W blue LED light. In particular, thiol terminal p...
Use of the Totaltrack® Video Laryngeal Mask Airway for tracheal intubation: A feasibility study

Abstract Background According to both national and international difficult airway guidelines, supraglottic airway devices (SGADs) can be used as either ventilatory devices or as intubation conduits, if tracheal intubation is desired. The Totaltrack ® VLM was recently developed as a second-generation SGAD that allows continuous visualization, uninterrupted oxygenation, and positive pressure ventilation during both intubation and extubation. Aim To evaluate the functionality and ease of use of the Totaltrack ® VLM regarding the adequacy of oxygenation during tracheal intubation under continuous visualization and ventilation. Methods Following IRB approval, thirty adult (>18 yo) patients, with Mallampati classifications I-III and mouth openings > 2 cm, scheduled for elective surgery requiring general anesthesia and tracheal intubation were included in this study. In order to assess the feasibility and performance of the Totaltrack ® VLM, various measurements were collected, including lowest oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) during the intubation procedure, number of attempts required to intubate, time taken until CO 2 detection and intubation, and a subjective assessment describing the level of difficulty of the intubation process (1 Very Easy - 5 Not Possible). Results The Totaltrack ® VLM was successfully placed and facilitated tracheal intubation in 25 patients (83.3%, 95% confidence interval: 65.3%–94.4%) during the first intubation attempt. The minimum SpO 2 was 98.5% ± 4.3% (mean ± SD) during Totaltrack ® VLM intubation. The median time required for initial ventilation, for all 30 patients, was 16.1s. The median time required for the entire intubation procedure and a successful intubation was 34.3s and 13.9s, respectively. The median ease-of-use score for laryngoscopy, intubation, and overall use, was E asy (2), as measured by a numeric rating scale (NRS) with an interquartile range of 1–3, based on the total 30 patients. The Totaltrack ® VLM provided an overall intubation success rate of 93.3% (95% CI: 77.9%-99.2), with an overall ventilation success rate of 100%. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the Totaltrack ® VLM provided satisfactory functionality as a ventilatory device and intubation conduit, while adequately oxygenating patients during tracheal intubation. However, considering the novelty of this particular study, further research is warranted, to determine its usefulness in patients with known or predicted difficult airways.