cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of maternal communication patterns about interparental disputes in associations between interparental conflict and child psychological maladjustment.

The present study examined the role of mothers’ communication with children about interparental disputes in associations between interparental conflict and child psychological maladjustment in a sample of 227 children and their parents followed over a one-year span. Most of the time (i.e., 79.8%) mothers reported that they would communicate with their children following interparental disputes, with the vast majority of those communications containing relatively constructive depictions of interparental conflict. Post-conflict communications were not associated with children’s adjustment above and beyond the impact of interparental conflict. However, maternal communications underscoring family cohesion and warmth, emphasizing remorse for engaging in the interparental disagreement, and denying the occurrence of the dispute each moderated associations between interparental conflict and child externalizing symptoms in distinct, complex ways. The findings in general suggest that not all positive communications have the beneficial impact on children that parents may have intended.
The semiotics of world-making in Korowai feast longhouses

Abstract Among spatially-dispersed Korowai speakers of West Papua, Indonesia, the members of a land-owning clan aggregate every 10 years or so to build a huge longhouse for purposes of sponsoring a feast and giving food to people from elsewhere. This paper analyzes the semiotic links between a feast longhouse and multiple spatiotemporal layers of the building's context of occurrence, including: the space and time of the owning clan's internal social relations, the space of the wider interlocal Korowai landscape, long-term biological cycles of resource expenditure and regeneration, and short-term cycles of food production. I argue that links of causation are integral to the total semiotic character of the feast building, and that the overall skein of dense semiotic links between building and sociocultural world embodies a reflexive historical sensibility on the part of Korowai speakers about the contingency of cause–effect sequences in their practices of life.
Photoemission Spectroscopy in the Presence of Adsorbate-Covered Surfaces

A theory of the ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy of metals with adsorbate covered surfaces yields $\ensuremath{\Delta}j(\ensuremath{\omega})\ensuremath{\propto}{{G}_{\mathrm{aa}}}^{I}(\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0})\ensuremath{-}D{{G}_{\mathrm{aa}}}^{R}(\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0})$. $\ensuremath{\Delta}j(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is the excess current at the energy $\ensuremath{\omega}$ produced by the adsorbates, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ is the photon energy, $(\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\pi}}){{G}_{\mathrm{aa}}}^{I}$ is the density of states at the adsorbate, and ${{G}_{\mathrm{aa}}}^{R}$ is the real part of the Green's function at the adsorbate. $D$ is nonzero if $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ is degenerate with the metal energy bands, and can be large ($D\ensuremath{\sim}1$) for typical experimental conditions.
Novel Mechanism for Suppression of Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Pacemaker Channels by Receptor-like Tyrosine Phosphatase-α

We have previously reported an important role of increased tyrosine phosphorylation activity by Src in the modulation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. Here we provide evidence showing a novel mechanism of decreased tyrosine phosphorylation on HCN channel properties. We found that the receptor-like protein-tyrosine phosphatase-α (RPTPα) significantly inhibited or eliminated HCN2 channel expression in HEK293 cells. Biochemical evidence showed that the surface expression of HCN2 was remarkably reduced by RPTPα, which was in parallel to the decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the channel protein. Confocal imaging confirmed that the membrane surface distribution of the HCN2 channel was inhibited by RPTPα. Moreover, we detected the presence of RPTPα proteins in cardiac ventricles with expression levels changed during development. Inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase activity by phenylarsine oxide or sodium orthovanadate shifted ventricular hyperpolarization-activated current (If, generated by HCN channels) activation from nonphysiological voltages into physiological voltages associated with accelerated activation kinetics. In conclusion, we showed a critical role RPTPα plays in HCN channel function via tyrosine dephosphorylation. These findings are also important to neurons where HCN and RPTPα are richly expressed.
Reputation and judicial decision-making

Abstract This paper develops a model of judicial decision-making based on a judge's concern for reputation and the interdependence of judges' decisions through precedent. The audience of judges plays a crucial role in the analysis. In general, we show that reputation can both restrain judicial discretion, but also inspire it if future judges are expected to be persuaded by a decision and follow it, thereby enhancing the authoring judge's reputation.
MiR-28 regulates Nrf2 expression through a Keap1-independent mechanism

NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important transcription factor involved in antioxidant response. Nrf2 binds antioxidant response elements (ARE) within promoters of genes encoding detoxification enzymes (e.g., NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)) leading to their transcriptional activation. Nrf2 function is regulated post-translationally by its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) that binds Nrf2 and induces cytoplasmic Nrf2 degradation. Our present studies provide new evidence that Nrf2 expression can be regulated by a Keap1-independent mechanism. Here, we utilized breast epithelial cells to explore the impact of microRNA (miRNA) on Nrf2 expression. We found that Nrf2 mRNA levels are reversibly correlated with miR-28 expression and that ectopic expression of miR-28 alone reduces Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels. We further investigated the molecular mechanisms by which miR-28 inhibits Nrf2 mRNA expression. Initially, the ability of miR-28 to regulate the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of Nrf2 mRNA was evaluated via luciferase reporter assay. We observed that miR-28 reduces wild-type Nrf2 3′UTR luciferase reporter activity and this repression is eliminated upon mutation of the miR-28 targeting seed sequence within the Nrf2 3′UTR. Moreover, over-expression of miR-28 decreased endogenous Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression. We also explored the impact of miR-28 on Keap1-Nrf2 interactions and found that miR-28 over-expression does not alter Keap1 protein levels and has no effect on the interaction of Keap1 and Nrf2. Our findings, that miR-28 targets the 3′UTR of Nrf2 mRNA and decreases Nrf2 expression, suggest that this miRNA is involved in the regulation of Nrf2 expression in breast epithelial cells.
Conversion of aromatic ketones, benzyl alcohols, and alkyl aryl ethers to aromatic hydrocarbons with lithium 4,4′-di-t-butylbiphenyl radical anion

Abstract Treatment of tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions of the title compounds with excess lithium (or potassium) metal under ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of catalytic amounts of the electron-transfer agent 4,4′-di- t -butylbiphenyl (DBB) caused conversions to aromatic hydrocarbons in good yields. Addition of 1 or 2 equiv of alkyl halides prior to aq ammonium chloride treatment during workup provided mono- or di-alkylated products.
Identifying Failure Scenarios in Complex Systems by Perturbing Markov Chain Models

In recent years, substantial research has been devoted to monitoring and predicting performance degradations in real-world complex systems within large entities such as nuclear power plants, electrical grids, and distributed computing systems. Special challenges are posed by the fact that such systems operate in uncertain environments, are highly dynamic, and exhibit emergent behaviors that can lead to catastrophic failure. Discrete Time Markov chains (DTMCs) provide important tools for analysis of such systems, because they represent dynamic behavior succinctly, provide a means to measure uncertainty, and can be used to make quantitative measurements of the potential for change to system performance. Moreover, DTMCs can be extended to be time-inhomogeneous, i.e. to represent behavior that varies over long durations. To date, DTMCs have been proposed for tasks such as fault detection and long-term condition equipment monitoring in realworld complex systems. However, the scope of these models has generally been restricted to describing states and state transitions that directly concern fault conditions or states of degradation. Less work has been done on using DTMCs to represent a more complete range of states a system may enter into during normal operation. Of special interest are sequences of states that involve failure scenarios, in which a system evolves from a normal operating state into undesirable state that leads to widespread performance degradation. Unfortunately, use of large DTMCs often involves large search spaces, a problem which in part motivates our work. This paper describes progress made on developing an approach for using larger, more detailed DTMC models of operational complex systems to uncover potential failure scenarios. The approach uses a combination of methods to perturb a DTMC, simulate alternative system evolutions, and identify scenarios in which a system proceeds from normal operation to failure. Key to the approach is the use of graph theory techniques to reduce the size of the search space involved in exploring alternative behaviors. We show how graph theory techniques can be used to identify critical state transitions which can be perturbed to simulate performance degradation. Using critical transitions, it is also possible to estimate the rate of performance degradation and to understand how this rate is likely to change in response to increased failure incidence. Examples are provided of the use of this approach on a DTMC of significant size to identify failure scenarios in a distributed resource allocation system.
A Single-blind Study of Combined Pulse Oximetry and Capnography in Children

This single-blind study examined four levels of monitoring in 402 pediatric cases. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 1) oximeter and capnograph; 2) only oximeter; 3) only capnograph; or 4) neither oximeter nor capnograph data available to the anesthesia team. An anesthesiologist, not involved in patient care, observed all cases and continuously recorded hemoglobin oxygen saturation (Spo2), ECG, expired CO2, and the oximeter plethysmographic output. Mean age, weight, ASA physical status, airway management (mask or endotracheal tube), and anesthetic technique were similar in each group. Two-hundred sixty problems were documented in 153 patients. Fifty-nine events in 43 patients resulted in "major" desaturation (Spo2 less than or equal to 85% for greater than or equal to 30 s). Fifteen "major" capnograph events (esophageal intubation, disconnection, accidental extubation, or obstructed endotracheal tube) were observed in 11 patients; 8 of these also developed varying degrees of desaturation. One-hundred thirty "minor" desaturation events (Spo2 less than or equal to 95% for greater than 60 s) and 79 "minor" desaturation events (hypercarbaria or hypocarbia) were observed. A number of problems fulfilled criteria in multiple categories. Infants less than or equal to 6 months of age had the highest incidence of major desaturation events (18 of 65 [27%]) compared to toddlers 7-24 months of age or children greater than 24 months of age (P less than 0.001). Blinding the oximeter data increased the number of patients (12 vs. 31) experiencing major desaturation events (P = 0.003); blinding the capnograph data altered neither the frequency of desaturation events nor the incidence of major capnograph events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
State Used Motor Vehicle Disclosure Laws: Do They Make a Difference to the Consumer?

Because of recurring unfavorable consumer experiences, there have been a number of market and nonmarket responses to the quality uncertainty encountered in the used vehicle market. Several states have enacted used vehicle disclosure laws. This paper examines whether certain state used vehicle disclosure laws provide consumers with enough additional information so as to impact the quality mix of traded vehicles. The reported repair records of recently transacted vehicles in three states were examined: Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. Using Census data from the TIU Survey, pairwise tests of the equality of the mean maintenance expenditures of recently transacted vehicles from these three states were performed. Results were verified with a regression analysis. We were unable to find evidence that the currently mandated disclosure requirements in Wisconsin and Iowa were effective in increasing the number of good quality vehicles traded in the market. Our conclusions are drawn exclusive of any secondary benefits or costs that might accrue to the consumer and to society.
EBG antenna for GPR co-located with a metal detector for landmine detection

Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) antennas may be suitable for handheld sensing applications, like ground penetrating radar (GPR) for landmine detection, because of their small size, efficiency, and directivity. Increased detection performance has been shown when a GPR is combined with a metal detector, but a typical EBG antenna would cause a response in the metal detector because of the large amount of metal in the structure. An EBG composed of very thin metal is proposed in this paper for application as a GPR co-located with a metal detector without causing a significant response in the metal detector. Manufacturing methods are discussed and GPR measurements are shown using the thin-metal EBG antennas. The metal detector response from a thin metal sheet is discussed and measurements of the EBG ground planes are shown using a laboratory wideband electromagnetic induction system.
Gastroschisis: the effect of labor and ruptured membranes on neonatal outcome.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between labor and ruptured membranes on the neonatal outcome of infants with gastroschisis. Study design We reviewed the outcomes of 60 neonates who were prenatally diagnosed with gastroschisis and who were delivered at the University of North Carolina Hospitals between June 1989 and April 1999. Results The mean gestational age at delivery was 36 weeks. Four infants (7%) died in the neonatal period, and 19 infants (32%) had a major morbidity. No significant differences appeared in any of the neonatal outcomes when they were stratified by the presence or absence of labor and presence or absence of ruptured membranes. After being controlled for confounding variables, the risk of neonatal death or major neonatal morbidity because of exposure to either labor or ruptured membranes was no different than the risks caused by no labor or intact membranes, respectively. Conclusion Labor and ruptured membranes do not appear to be associated with increased neonatal morbidity or mortality rates in neonates with gastroschisis.
False Assumptions About the Determinants of Mexican-American and Negro Economic Absorption.

It generally is believed that with age and time in the urban industrial community, differences between rural-reared and urban-reared persons decline or disappear. This longitudinal study of 973 fam...
Transport coefficients for granular media from molecular dynamics simulations

Under many conditions, macroscopic grains flow like a fluid; kinetic theory predicts continuum equations of motion for this granular fluid. In order to test the theory, we perform event-driven molecular simulations of a two-dimensional gas of inelastic hard disks, driven by contact with a heat bath. Even for strong dissipation, high densities, and small numbers of particles, we find that continuum theory describes the system well. With a bath that heats the gas homogeneously, strong velocity correlations produce a slightly smaller energy loss due to inelastic collisions than that predicted by kinetic theory. With an inhomogeneous heat bath, thermal or velocity gradients are induced. Determination of the resulting fluxes allows calculation of the thermal conductivity and shear viscosity, which are compared to the predictions of granular kinetic theory, and which can be used in continuum modeling of granular flows. The shear viscosity is close to the prediction of kinetic theory, while the thermal conductivity can be overestimated by a factor of 2; in each case, transport is lowered with increasing inelasticity.
Large-Scale Modeling of Epileptic Seizures: Scaling Properties of Two Parallel Neuronal Network Simulation Algorithms

Our limited understanding of the relationship between the behavior of individual neurons and large neuronal networks is an important limitation in current epilepsy research and may be one of the main causes of our inadequate ability to treat it. Addressing this problem directly via experiments is impossibly complex; thus, we have been developing and studying medium-large-scale simulations of detailed neuronal networks to guide us. Flexibility in the connection schemas and a complete description of the cortical tissue seem necessary for this purpose. In this paper we examine some of the basic issues encountered in these multiscale simulations. We have determined the detailed behavior of two such simulators on parallel computer systems. The observed memory and computation-time scaling behavior for a distributed memory implementation were very good over the range studied, both in terms of network sizes (2,000 to 400,000 neurons) and processor pool sizes (1 to 256 processors). Our simulations required between a few megabytes and about 150 gigabytes of RAM and lasted between a few minutes and about a week, well within the capability of most multinode clusters. Therefore, simulations of epileptic seizures on networks with millions of cells should be feasible on current supercomputers.
The Hypertrophic Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-β is Reduced in the Absence of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Inhibitors p21 and p27

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has both antiproliferative and hypertrophic effects on mesangial cells (MC). However, it is not known if these processes are independent or if they share common signaling pathways. Proliferation and hypertrophy are regulated by specific cell-cycle regulatory proteins, where the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors inhibit target cyclin-CDK complexes. This study examined whether the growth regulatory effects of TGF-beta were determined by the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. Accordingly, cultured MC from wild type (+/+) and single and double null (-/-) p21 and p27 mice were grown in 5% serum in the presence or absence of TGF-beta1 (2 ng/ml). Proliferation ([(3)H]-thymidine incorporation, cell number, cell cycle) and hypertrophy ([(3)H]-leucine incorporation, total protein content, forward light scatter) were measured after 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h. TGF-beta inhibited proliferation in +/+ and p21/p27 double -/- MC to a similar extent. TGF-beta induced hypertrophy in +/+ MC (18.0% increase at 48 h), and to lesser extent in p21 -/- (12.8%) and p27 -/- MC (11.5%) measured by forward light scatter analysis. In p21/p27 double -/-, the hypertrophic effects of TGF-beta were significantly reduced (3.9% at 48 h). Similar results were obtained by measuring hypertrophy by total protein and [(3)H]-leucine incorporation. In conclusion, the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27 are not required for the antiproliferative effects of TGF-beta. However, the hypertrophic growth effects of TGF-beta are reduced in the absence of both p21 and p27. These data suggest that the regulation of the antiproliferative and hypertrophic effects of TGF-beta may be distinct processes.
The Influence of Fat on the Sensory Properties, Viscosity, and Color of Lowfat Milk

Abstract A sensory panel was trained to assess appearance, aroma, flavor, and textural attributes of milk containing various percentages of fat. The relative viscosity and color of the milk were also measured. Milk appearance had a profound effect on the perceived mouthfeel. There was a correlation of the L-value (whiteness), a-value (greenness), and b-value (blueness) for the milk with the perceived color and mouthfeel. As fat content was increased, the milk was whiter, less green, and less blue. Similarly, sensory scores for appearance and mouthfeel attributes increased as fat content increased from 0 to 2%. Panelists were given the samples under red lighting to mask the milk color. Under these conditions, the perceived mouth coating, residual mouth coating, and thickness of 2% fat milk were decreased from those of the same samples tested under normal light. Our results suggested that a fat substitute for fat-free milk needs to change the appearance more than the tactile attributes of the milk. A successful fat substitute should alter the color of fat-free milk such that the L-, a-, and b-values are approximately 81, –3.7, and 2.9, respectively, based on L-, a-, and b-values of 74, –6.7, and 1.1 for skim milk.
A Three-Factor Model of Teasing: The Influence of Friendship, Gender, and Topic on Expected Emotional Reactions to Teasing during Early Adolescence.

This research examined the effects of three factors (friendship, gender, and topic of teasing) on adolescents’ predicted emotional reactions to hypothetical teasing episodes regarding appearance and academic competence. The 8th graders (n =131) in Study 1 made predictions regarding the negative emotions and humor experienced when teasing occurred in a same-sex dyad of either friends or classmates. The 6th and 8th graders (n=211) in Study 2 responded to hypothetical teasing interactions between same-sex or cross-sex dyads of friends or classmates. The results revealed that teasing by friends was interpreted with a more benevolent frame than that accorded to classmates. Overall, girls expected greater negative affect to result from the teasing than did the boys, especially when teasing was regarding weight. Although 8th graders reported more frequent teasing at school among same-sex peers, there were few grade differences in the predicted emotional reactions. For all students, teasing about weight was predicted to generate the most negative affect and least humor. The results support the relevance of the three factors for understanding the interpretation of teasing.
Acute lung disease associated with low-dose pulse methotrexate therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Description de 2 malades, traites par le methotrexate, qui ont developpe une maladie pulmonaire aigue, compatible avec une reaction d'hypersensibilite, qui a regresse apres arret du methotrexate et traitement par corticoides a fortes doses
Tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing and the family symmetry Z 7 ⋊Z 3

Abstract The non-Abelian finite group PSL 2 ( 7 ) is the only simple subgroup of SU ( 3 ) with a complex three-dimensional irreducible representation. It has two maximal subgroups, S 4 which, along with its own A 4 subgroup, has been successfully applied in numerous models of flavor, as well as the 21 element Frobenius group Z 7 ⋊ Z 3 , which has gained much less attention. We show that it can also be used to generate tri-bimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector, while allowing for quark and charged lepton hierarchies.
How to Gain the Benefits of the Expert Performance Approach in Domains Where the Correctness of Decisions are Not Readily Available: A Reply to Weiss and Shanteau

Summary Weiss and Shanteau criticize the expert-performance approach and argue that this approach has not, and most importantly, cannot be applied to the study of ‘experts’ in domains that lack readily available objective measures of performance, such as accuracy of judgments. In this response, I demonstrate that it is not necessary to use fictitious stimuli for the judgments, for which no correct responses can be identified, and where only their Cochrane, Weiss, and Shanteau index can be calculated. Instead, the expert performance approach regenerates the judgment situation for actual cases and tracks down their subsequent observed real-world outcomes. Participants' judgments of the stimuli can then be directly scored against the actual outcomes. Opportunities for training and deliberate practice are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circular dkhroism measurements show that C·C+ base pairs can coexist with A·T base pairs between antiparallel strands of an oligodeoxynudeotide double-helix

Abstract We have studied the coil-to-helix transition of the DNA oligomer d(C4A4T4C4), using circular dichroism measurements to monitor the formation of A.T base pairs within the central self-complementary A4T4 region and the formation of protonated C.C+ base pairs at the ends of the oligomer. We found that both A.T and C.C+ base pairs formed in a coordinated fashion as the temperature and pH were lowered. The CD data of the helix form of the oligomer were consistent with the presence of paired oligomers, but not with hairpin loops. The pKa for formation of C.C+ base pairs between the C4 ends of the oligomer was higher than the pKa for formation of C.C+ base pairs in d(C8), indicating that the formation of C.C+ base pairs in the oligomer was influenced by the presence of a paired A4T4 region. We conclude that A.T and C.C+ base pairs coexist in the self-complex of the oligomer and, therefore, that C.C+ base pairs can form between antiparallel DNA strands.
Mathieu Kassovitz's La Haine and the Ambivalence of French–Jewish Identity

AbstractFrom the 1995 release of La Haine, critics have questioned whether Jewish-French film director Mathieu Kassovitz is ‘authentic enough’ to speak for the ethnic banlieue. Yet La Haine is preoccupied with this very anxiety. This article examines how the film self-reflexively explores the place of Jewishness in the social crisis it dramatizes. La Haine achieves this ‘Jewish’ self-reflexivity primarily through the relationship its arguably most fully realized character, Vinz (a working-class Ashkenazi Jew), entertains to his more visibly ethnic friends Said (an Arab) and Hubert (a black African). As Vinz navigates the complicated terrain of adolescent relationships striving to become ‘real’, in other words, ethnic, masculine, authentic, the film also searches for a place for Jewish identity a generation after the ambivalent Jewish encounter with May 1968 and beyond. Vinz's ambivalent locus between, on the one hand, other minority figures with whom he wishes problematically to identify and, on the other, the privilege of whiteness vis-a-vis which he occupies a position of complex and uneasy proximity exemplifies a wider crisis of French Jews on the Left. The article concludes with a discussion of this crisis and how La Haine situates itself in the history of post-war Left Jewish politics in France.
Multifocal Renal Cell Tumors: A Retrospective Analysis of 56 Patients Treated with Radical Nephrectomy

AbstractIn this retrospective analysis of 56 patients with multifocal renal cell tumors the effect of secondary tumors on the prognosis was examined and the incidence of tumors in the contralateral kidney was evaluated. All of the primary tumors were renal cell carcinomas, the majority of which had a local tumor stage of pT2 (31 cases, 55.3%) and a cytological grading of 1 (23 cases, 41%). The mean size of the secondary tumors was 1.0cm. An additional tumor was diagnosed in 23 patients (41%), 2 to 5 secondary tumors in 23 (41%) and more than 5 additional tumors in 10 (18%). The overall 5-year survival rates were 69.4%, 72.2% and 40%, respectively (p = 0.313). Histopathological differentiation of the additional lesions revealed 23.2% renal cell carcinomas, 71.4% adenomas and 5.3% renal tumors of “doubtful dignity,” with overall 5-year survival rates of 67.2% for adenomas, and 60.6% for carcinomas and renal tumors of “doubtful dignity” (p = 546). After a mean followup of 60 months 33 patients (58.9%) were a...
Efficacy and Safety of 10,600-nm Carbon Dioxide Fractional Laser on Facial Skin with Previous Volume Injections.

Background: Fractionated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) lasers are a new treatment modality for skin resurfacing. The cosmetic rejuvenation market abounds with various injectable devices (poly-L-lactic acid, polymethyl-methacrylate, collagens, hyaluronic acids, silicone). The objective of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of 10,600-nm CO 2 fractional laser on facial skin with previous volume injections. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study including 14 patients treated with fractional CO 2 laser and who have had previous facial volume restoration. The indication for the laser therapy, the age of the patients, previous facial volume restoration, and side effects were all recorded from their medical files. Objective assessments were made through clinical physician global assessment records and improvement scores records. Patients' satisfaction rates were also recorded. Results: Review of medical records of the 14 patients show that five patients had polylactic acid injection prior to the laser session. Eight patients had hyaluronic acid injection prior to the laser session. Two patients had fat injection, two had silicone injection and one patient had facial thread lift. Side effects included pain during the laser treatment, post-treatment scaling, post-treatment erythema, hyperpigmentation which spontaneously resolved within a month. Concerning the previous facial volume restoration, no granulomatous reactions were noted, no facial shape deformation and no asymmetry were encountered whatever the facial volume product was. Conclusion: CO 2 fractional laser treatments do not seem to affect facial skin which had previous facial volume restoration with polylactic acid for more than 6 years, hyaluronic acid for more than 0.5 year, silicone for more than 6 years, or fat for more than 1.4 year. Prospective larger studies focusing on many other variables (skin phototype, injected device type) are required to achieve better conclusions.
Fast Atomic-Scale Chemical Imaging of Crystalline Materials and Dynamic Phase Transformations

Atomic-scale phenomena fundamentally influence materials form and function that makes the ability to locally probe and study these processes critical to advancing our understanding and development of materials. Atomic-scale chemical imaging by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) is a powerful approach to investigate solid crystal structures. Inefficient X-ray emission and collection, however, require long acquisition times (typically hundreds of seconds), making the technique incompatible with electron-beam sensitive materials and study of dynamic material phenomena. Here we describe an atomic-scale STEM-EDS chemical imaging technique that decreases the acquisition time to as little as one second, a reduction of more than 100 times. We demonstrate this new approach using LaAlO3 single crystal and study dynamic phase transformation in beam-sensitive Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 (LNMO) lithium ion battery cathode material. By capturing a series of time-...
Improved Vane-Island Diffusers at High Swirl

The results of an experimental investigation of the performance of vane-island diffusers at high swirl [λ = 9] are presented in this paper. These results show the advantage of the 14-vane versus several 8-vane configurations. Four sets of 14 straight vanes are used in this study as compared to five sets of eight vanes in a previous investigation. The 14-vane configuration results in a 40 percent reduction in pressure loss coefficient below that obtained with eight vane configurations. The lowest loss coefficient obtained in the present investigation is achieved when the vane leading edge is at a radius approximately equal to 1.2 times the diffuser inlet radius. The experimental results are presented in the form of pressure rise versus radial location along the diffuser, diffuser effectiveness versus flow coefficient, and minimum pressure loss coefficient versus flow coefficient.Copyright © 1982 by ASME
Glutamine Modulates Macrophage Lipotoxicity

Obesity and diabetes are associated with excessive inflammation and impaired wound healing. Increasing evidence suggests that macrophage dysfunction is responsible for these inflammatory defects. In the setting of excess nutrients, particularly dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs), activated macrophages develop lysosome dysfunction, which triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and cell death. The molecular pathways that connect lipid stress to lysosome pathology are not well understood, but may represent a viable target for therapy. Glutamine uptake is increased in activated macrophages leading us to hypothesize that in the context of excess lipids glutamine metabolism could overwhelm the mitochondria and promote the accumulation of toxic metabolites. To investigate this question we assessed macrophage lipotoxicity in the absence of glutamine using LPS-activated peritoneal macrophages exposed to the SFA palmitate. We found that glutamine deficiency reduced lipid induced lysosome dysfunction, inflammasome activation, and cell death. Under glutamine deficient conditions mTOR activation was decreased and autophagy was enhanced; however, autophagy was dispensable for the rescue phenotype. Rather, glutamine deficiency prevented the suppressive effect of the SFA palmitate on mitochondrial respiration and this phenotype was associated with protection from macrophage cell death. Together, these findings reveal that crosstalk between activation-induced metabolic reprogramming and the nutrient microenvironment can dramatically alter macrophage responses to inflammatory stimuli.
9 THE EFFICACY OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA SCREENING IN CALIFORNIA.

Background Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a congenital condition that could lead to serious adverse outcome in the newborn period if not detected early. In June 2005, California became the 40th state to add CAH to its screening panel. Because of the lack of uniformity in the methodology and cutoff values used among the states, it is necessary to investigate whether California9s Phase I CAH screening is effective in identifying the positive CAH cases with its current protocol. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of CAH screening in California. Method 23 newborns with initial positive CAH screening results were included in the study. Newborns were grouped based on final diagnoses: 21 newborns were CAH negative and 2 newborns were identified as CAH positive. The false-positive rate of the CAH screening test was used as a marker for test efficacy. Result 21 newborns were born prematurely and were diagnosed to be CAH negative. The correlation between birth weights and initial 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) levels was -0.4512 (p = .0401) while the correlation between gestational ages and initial 17-OHP levels was -0.3648 (p = .1499). However, there was no correlation between age at collection and initial 17-OHP levels (r = -.0054, p = .9815). California9s CAH screening false-positive rate was 0.14%. Conclusion Birth weight is a better predictor for initial 17-OHP levels than gestational age California9s false-positive rate is comparable to those of other states that have CAH in their newborn screening panel. However, California may be able to further reduce its false-positive rate by adjusting the cutoff values for the low birth weight category
Countertransference examples of the syntactic expression of warded-off contents.

(1978). Countertransference Examples of the Syntactic Expression of Warded-Off Contents. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 339-363.
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response controls matrix pre-RNA processing and translation

The mitochondrial matrix is unique in that it must integrate the folding and assembly of proteins derived from the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) senses matrix protein misfolding and induces a program of nuclear gene expression, including mitochondrial chaperonins, to promote mitochondrial proteostasis. While misfolded mitochondrial-matrix-localized ornithine transcarbamylase induces chaperonin expression, our understanding of mammalian UPRmt is rudimentary, reflecting a lack of acute triggers for UPRmt activation. This limitation has prevented analysis of the cellular responses to matrix protein misfolding and the effects of UPRmt on mitochondrial translation to control protein folding loads. Here we combine pharmacological inhibitors of matrix-localized HSP90/TRAP1 (ref. 8) or LON protease, which promote chaperonin expression, with global transcriptional and proteomic analysis to reveal an extensive and acute response of human cells to UPRmt. This response encompasses widespread induction of nuclear genes, including matrix-localized proteins involved in folding, pre-RNA processing and translation. Functional studies revealed rapid but reversible translation inhibition in mitochondria occurring concurrently with defects in pre-RNA processing caused by transcriptional repression and LON-dependent turnover of the mitochondrial pre-RNA processing nuclease MRPP3 (ref. 10). This study reveals that acute mitochondrial protein folding stress activates both increased chaperone availability within the matrix and reduced matrix-localized protein synthesis through translational inhibition, and provides a framework for further dissection of mammalian UPRmt.
Classical Biological Control

This strategy provided the first means developed on a large scale for using natural enemies for pest control, hence the name “classical” biological control. The term “introduction of new natural enemies” has also been used to refer to this same strategy, described below. The intentional introduction of an exotic biological control agent for permanent establishment and long-term pest control (Eilenberg et al. , 2001) Importantly, the goal is quite specific: to release an exotic natural enemy into a new environment so that it will become established and will regulate a pest population over the long term without further intervention. Classical biological control has been used extensively and, as we will discuss, some programs have been extremely successful (Fig. 3.1). This strategy was initially developed to control introduced pests, based on the following scenario. Scientists noted that many introduced pests are not problematic in their areas of origin, where they are often controlled by a community of natural enemies. After introduction to a new area, in some cases the introduced species increases in number to become a pest. It is thought that the pest is able to increase because in the new area the natural enemies that would naturally regulate this species are not present. This basic assumption of classical biological control has been called the “enemy release hypothesis.” The goal with classical biological control is to re-establish the “natural balance” that controls the pest in its native habitat.
How to Teach Procedures

In this chapter, we describe a modifiable six-step approach for teaching both simple and complex procedural skills, while providing detailed recommendations for ensuring patient safety and creating a meaningful learning environment. We discuss how to approach different learner styles, provide practical teaching techniques for bedside teaching, and give performance-enhancing feedback.
QoS-Driven Energy-Efficient Power Control With Random Arrivals and Arbitrary Input Distributions

This paper studies energy-efficiency (EE) and throughput optimization in the presence of randomly arriving data and quality of service (QoS) constraints. For this purpose, maximum average arrival rates supported by transmitting signals with arbitrary input distributions are initially characterized in closed form by employing the effective bandwidth of time-varying sources (e.g., discrete-time Markov and Markov fluid sources, and discrete-time and continuous-time Markov modulated Poisson sources) and effective capacity of the time-varying wireless channel. Subsequently, EE is formulated as the ratio of the maximum average arrival rate to the total power consumption, in which circuit power is also taken into account. Following these characterizations, the optimal power control policies maximizing the EE or maximizing the throughput under a minimum EE constraint are obtained. Through numerical results, the performance of the optimal power control policies is evaluated for different signal constellations and is also compared with that of constant power transmission. The impact of QoS constraints, source characteristics, circuit power, input distributions on the EE, and the throughput is analyzed.
For the good of the family: migratory strategies and affective language in Portuguese migrant letters, 1870s–1920s

AbstractLabor migration was a common strategy for Portuguese families at the turn of the twentieth century. Correspondence provided a vehicle to keep families connected and a space to sustain and recreate their relationships and emotional bonds. This article analyzes the language of call letters, a particular type of family letter written by migrant men to call their wives and children to join them abroad. In particular, it examines the ways in which migrant husbands and their wives adapted to living in transnational households and to changing roles at home and abroad. It shows how family strategies of migration were discussed within narrative frameworks of family and marital love and duty, by making use of a variety of arguments that combined discourses of both material and emotional well-being. The discussion is based on the narrative patterns, recurrent themes, and argumentative strategies of a corpus of over 2200 letters. Discussions of marital duty, loyalty, and reciprocity contributed to a language ...
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Performance Assessment: Radionuclide Release Sensitivity to Diminished Brine and Gas Flows to/from Transuranic Waste Disposal Areas

Abstract Waste Isolation Pilot Plant repository releases are evaluated through the application of modified parameters to simulate accelerated creep closure, include capillary pressure effects on relative permeability, and increase brine and gas saturation in the operations and experimental (OPS/EXP) areas. The modifications to the repository model result in increased pressures and decreased brine saturations in waste areas and increased pressures and brine saturations in the OPS/EXP areas. Brine flows up the borehole during a hypothetical drilling intrusion are nearly identical and brine flows up the shaft are decreased. The modified parameters essentially halt the flow of gas from the southern waste areas to the northern nonwaste areas, except as transported through the marker beds and anhydrite layers. The combination of slightly increased waste region pressures and very slightly decreased brine saturations result in a modest increase in spallings and no significant effect on direct brine releases, with total releases from the Culebra and cutting and caving releases unaffected. Overall, the effects on total high-probability mean releases from the repository are insignificant, with total low-probability mean releases minimally increased. It is concluded that the modified OPS/EXP area parameters have an insignificant effect on the prediction of total releases.
Prolactin and Testosterone Mediate Seasonal Differences in Male Preferences for the Odors of Females and the Attractiveness of Male Odors to Females

The proximate control of seasonal differences in the odor attractiveness and odor preferences of male mammals is believed to be primarily under the regulation of testosterone. In this paper, we review a study which indicates that high titers of both prolactin and testosterone are necessary and sufficient for both long-photoperiod and short photoperiod male meadow voles to produce odors that are attractive to long-photoperiod females. In addition, we review evidence that high titers of both prolactin and testosterone are necessary for long-photoperiod males to prefer the odor of long-photoperiod females. Interestingly, short-photoperiod males treated with both prolactin and testosterone developed a preference for the odor of a long photoperiod female, whereas short-photoperiod males treated with only prolactin manifested a preference for the odor of a short-photoperiod female. These differences in the responsiveness of short-photoperiod males to testosterone therapy and prolactin therapy suggests that the neural and endocrine tissues that subserve these two odor-related phenomena differ in their sensitivity to these two hormones.
Investigation of liquid urethane expanding foam as a lung equivalent material for quantitative SPECT/CT phantom studies

1881 Objectives Styrofoam beads with added water have traditionally been used to simulate lung in SPECT phantoms. However, this may not be appropriate for SPECT/CT using CT-based attenuation and scatter correction as the CT number at 120 kVp is typically -640 HU as opposed to approximately -750 to -850 HU for healthy lung and -900 to -950 HU for diseased lung. Two part liquid urethane expanding foam (UEF) was evaluated as a material that can be mixed with radioactivity to model lung attenuation for quantitative SPECT/CT imaging studies. Methods UEF consists of two liquid parts which determine the density of the final foam product. 3-lb/ft3 and 16-lb/ft3 kits were purchased which will allow production of foam with HU’s that vary from approximate -750 HU to -950 HU. Initial tesing was done using various combinations of the liquid mixtures to evaluate how foam density correlated with CT HU units. An assortment of phantoms was placed in the CT system’s field-of-view and CT data were collected. Radioactive foam phantoms were made by mixing a known amount of Tc-99m with the expanding liquid mixture. Eight 500-1000 ml radioactive phantoms with densities similar to lung were produced. All eight phantoms were placed together in the system’s imaging field-of-view and SPECT/CT data were collected. Images were reconstructed using iterative image reconstruction with resolution recovery, attenuation and scatter correction applied. Results For the non-radioactive samples the measured HU varied from -715 to -960 HU and were well correlated with the density of the samples. For the Tc-99m radioactive phantoms the average error in the estimate of activity for the eight phantoms was 4.5% with a range of 10.78% to 0.15%. For the radioactive samples, the small volume of liquid associated with the addition of Tc-99m to the urethane mixture had an impact on the density of the urethane foam (i.e., led to more expansion and a significant reduction in expected density). Conclusions Two part liquid urethane expanding foam can be used to simulate various states of healthy and diseased lung tissue for SPECT/CT imaging studies. Initial evaluation of the quantitative accuracy of SPECT/CT lung imaging using resolution recover, attenuation correction and scatter correction during image reconstruction demonstrates that biases as low as ~5% can be achieved. It is critical to minimize the liquid volumes of Tc-99m added to the two part liquid mixture for best density control of the final foam product.