cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Facilitation of Ventilation in Humans with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Rationale: Intermittent stimulation of the respiratory system with hypoxia causes persistent increases in respiratory motor output (i.e., long-term facilitation) in animals with spinal cord injury. This paradigm, therefore, has been touted as a potential respiratory rehabilitation strategy.Objectives: To determine whether acute (daily) exposure to intermittent hypoxia can also evoke long-term facilitation of ventilation after chronic spinal cord injury in humans, and whether repeated daily exposure to intermittent hypoxia enhances the magnitude of this response.Methods: Eight individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (>1 yr; cervical [n = 6], thoracic [n = 2]) were exposed to intermittent hypoxia (eight 2-min intervals of 8% oxygen) for 10 days. During all exposures, end-tidal carbon dioxide levels were maintained, on average, 2 mm Hg above resting values. Minute ventilation, tidal volume, and breathing frequency were measured before (baseline), during, and 30 minutes after intermittent hypoxia. Sham...
Polynuclear carboxylato-bridged iron(II) clusters: synthesis, structure, and host-guest chemistry.

The neutral trinuclear carboxylato-bridged iron(II) complex [Fe3(O2CCH3)3(BPG)3] can, after minor structural rearrangement, bind a fourth iron(II) ion, forming the tetranuclear complex [Fe4(O2CCH3)3(BPG)3](ClO4)2. The triiron(II) complex can thus be considered as a metallacrown host for the fourth iron(II) ion.
Particle-laden tubeless siphon

A tubeless siphon was created by sucking a 1% aqueous PolyoxPolyox is a registered trademark of Union Carbide. solution laden with particles from a beaker into a cylinder by moving a piston. The piston speed and particle concentration were varied. At very high rates of withdrawal, all the liquid could be removed before the siphon broke. In this case, the beaker was completely cleaned without a trace of liquid. The addition of small concentrations of small, nearly neutrally buoyant particles greatly enhanced the pulling power of the liquid, reducing the threshold speed of withdrawal at which the beaker was completely cleaned. At speeds of withdrawal smaller than the threshold not all of the fluid–particle mixture is pulled out of the beaker. The amount pulled out first increases, then decreases as the particle concentration is increased.
Predictors of double balloon endoscopy outcomes in the evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Predictors of double balloon endoscopy outcomes in the evaluation of gastrointestinal bleeding
Narcolepsy and the hypocretin system--where motion meets emotion.

Most cases of human narcolepsy—a neurological disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy—are attributable to a loss of neurons that produce hypocretin. This article reviews the evidence linking the loss of these cells to the genesis of narcolepsy, and considers the implications for treatment of this condition. Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy—a loss of muscle tone generally triggered by certain strong emotions with sudden onset. The underlying cause of most cases of human narcolepsy is a loss of neurons that produce hypocretin (Hcrt, also known as orexin). These cells normally serve to drive and synchronize the activity of monoaminergic and cholinergic cells. Sleepiness results from the reduced activity of monoaminergic, cholinergic and other cells that are normally activated by Hcrt neurons, as well as from the loss of Hcrt itself. Cataplexy is caused by an episodic loss of activity in noradrenergic cells that support muscle tone, and a linked activation of a medial medullary cell population that suppresses muscle tone. Current treatments for narcolepsy include stimulants to combat sleepiness and antidepressants to reduce cataplexy. Sodium oxybate produces both reductions in cataplexy and improved waking alertness. Future treatments are likely to include Hcrt or Hcrt agonists to reverse the underlying neurochemical deficit.
Drosophila seminal protein ovulin mediates ovulation through female octopamine neuronal signaling

Across animal taxa, seminal proteins are important regulators of female reproductive physiology and behavior. However, little is understood about the physiological or molecular mechanisms by which seminal proteins effect these changes. To investigate this topic, we studied the increase in Drosophila melanogaster ovulation behavior induced by mating. Ovulation requires octopamine (OA) signaling from the central nervous system to coordinate an egg’s release from the ovary and its passage into the oviduct. The seminal protein ovulin increases ovulation rates after mating. We tested whether ovulin acts through OA to increase ovulation behavior. Increasing OA neuronal excitability compensated for a lack of ovulin received during mating. Moreover, we identified a mating-dependent relaxation of oviduct musculature, for which ovulin is a necessary and sufficient male contribution. We report further that oviduct muscle relaxation can be induced by activating OA neurons, requires normal metabolic production of OA, and reflects ovulin’s increasing of OA neuronal signaling. Finally, we showed that as a result of ovulin exposure, there is subsequent growth of OA synaptic sites at the oviduct, demonstrating that seminal proteins can contribute to synaptic plasticity. Together, these results demonstrate that ovulin increases ovulation through OA neuronal signaling and, by extension, that seminal proteins can alter reproductive physiology by modulating known female pathways regulating reproduction.
Stable boundary conditions and difference schemas for Navier-Stokes equations

The Navier-Stokes equations can be viewed as an incompletely elliptic perturbation of the Euler equations. By using the entropy function for the Euler equations as a measure of energy for the Navier-Stokes equations, it was possible to obtain nonlinear energy estimates for the mixed initial boundary value problem. These estimates are used to derive boundary conditions which guarantee L2 boundedness even when the Reynolds number tends to infinity. Finally, a new difference scheme for modelling the Navier-Stokes equations in multidimensions for which it is possible to obtain discrete energy estimates exactly analogous to those we obtained for the differential equation was proposed.
Fluctuations and the second law of thermodynamics

The problem of energy fluctuation of a small group of molecules in a physically incompressible system in thermal equilibrium is considered from the point of view of the dynamical evolution of the system. Through an appropriate solution of the time-dependent Liouville equation, it is shown that the system temperature is a constant of the motion, and that the phase density is canonical in form, involving a time-dependent Hamiltonian. It is concluded that in such a system the second law of thermodynamics is not violated contrary to current ideas. A comparison is made between the dynamical theory presented with traditional fluctuation theory based on stationary ensembles.
State-Level Public Opinion Polls as Predictors of Presidential Election Results The 1996 Race

Forecasting presidential elections results with polls prior to the election has become an important activity and test of voting theory. Such efforts are hampered by the few number of observations, however. In 1996, state-level polls for most of the states have become available. A model to account for state-level presidential election results is built using these polls and other commonly used variables. The model performs quite well, suggesting that these polls, which are mostly commercial, can profitably be employed in future modeling and perhaps forecasting efforts. However, the questions used in these polls, like trial heats and positive-negative name recognition, are not well understood and thus should be examined more closely with an eye on theory building and conceptualization.
Enhanced spin-orbit torques in Pt/Co/Ta heterostructures

Spin-orbit torques (SOTs) are studied in perpendicularly magnetized ultrathin Co films sandwiched between two heavy metals, Pt and Ta. A significant enhancement of the Slonczewski-like torque is achieved by placing dissimilar metals with opposite spin Hall angles on opposite sides of the ferromagnet. SOTs were characterized through harmonic measurements and the contribution by the Ta overlayer was isolated by systematically varying its thickness. An effective spin Hall angle of up to 34% is observed, along with a sizable field-like torque that increases with increasing Ta layer thickness. Current-induced switching measurements reveal a corresponding increase in switching efficiency, suggesting that by engineering both interfaces in trilayer structures, the SOTs can be significantly improved.
Management of Cerebral Edema

Although no new drugs have become available for improved treatment of cerebral edema, the increased understanding of the pathophysiology of the edematous process has led to more rational approaches to therapy, both in patients with cytotoxic intracellular brain edema and those with extracellular vasogenic brain edema. In the unconscious patient, the addition of ICP monitoring is invaluable in helping in the selection of therapy and in measuring the results of therapy. The various therapies available have been reviewed and a logical approach to treatment suggested. In patients with extracellular edema, it is likely that intensive treatment will result in good recovery. In patients with intracellular edema, the ultimate factor deciding outcome is the etiology of the metabolic disturbance rather than the cerebral edema itself. Until there are drugs that specifically reverse the metabolic defacts produced by anoxia of ischemia, it seems unlikely that intensive care in this group of patients will result in a dramatically improved outcome.
Review of Human Factors Applications in Forest Harvesting

A review of human factors applications in forest harvesting operations is presented. The discussion covers work physiology, environmental stress, equipment design, and safety. The importance of each topic to forest harvesting and representative human factors studies are described. Several suggestions for research that appears needed are also mentioned. It is concluded that human factors research has significantly contributed to the improvement of forest harvesting systems in the past and that future human factors applications should result in similar benefits. Language: en
Influence of Collaborative Curriculum Design on Educational Beliefs, Communities of Practitioners, and Classroom Practice in Transportation Engineering Education

AbstractThe development and widespread implementation of best practices in transportation engineering classrooms is important in attracting and retaining the next generation of transportation engineers. Engineering education professionals have uncovered many best practices in the field; however, the process of effectively disseminating and ultimately achieving the widespread adoption of these best practices by others is not yet well understood. Sixty participants, including faculty members, Ph.D. students, and public-sector employees, attended a transportation engineering education workshop convened in Seattle to promote the collaborative development and adoption of active learning and conceptual exercises in the introduction to transportation engineering class. Participant assessments were conducted in the form of presurvey, postsurvey, and follow-up survey. Results showed immediately positive shifts in participant beliefs about the importance of active learning and conceptual exercises, with declines du...
Application of ozonated dry ice (ALIGAL™ Blue Ice) for packaging and transport in the food industry

Dry ice is used by meat and poultry processors for temperature reduction during processing and for temperature maintenance during transportation. ALIGAL™ Blue Ice (ABI), which combines the antimicrobial effect of ozone (O(3)) along with the high cooling capacity of dry ice, was investigated for its effect on bacterial reduction in air, in liquid, and on food and glass surfaces. Through proprietary means, O(3) was introduced to produce dry ice pellets to a concentration of 20 parts per million (ppm) by total weight. The ABI sublimation rate was similar to that of dry ice pellets under identical conditions, and ABI was able to hold the O(3) concentration throughout the normal shelf life of the product. Challenge studies were performed using different microorganisms, including E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, and Listeria, that are critical to food safety. ABI showed significant (P < 0.05) microbial reduction during bioaerosol contamination (up to 5-log reduction of E. coli and Listeria), on chicken breast (approximately 1.3-log reduction of C. jejuni), on contact surfaces (approximately 3.9 log reduction of C. jejuni), and in liquid (2-log reduction of C. jejuni). Considering the stability of O(3), ease of use, and antimicrobial efficacy against foodborne pathogens, our results suggest that ABI is a better alternative, especially for meat and poultry processors, as compared to dry ice. Further, ABI can potentially serve as an additional processing hurdle to guard against pathogens during processing, transportation, distribution, and/or storage.
Otoacoustic emissions in full-term newborns at risk for hearing loss

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOEs) and click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOEs) characteristics of the normal newborn population have been previously reported in the literature. There is little information about DPOE evaluations in the newborn population at risk for hearing loss. The authors now report the DPOE and/or CEOE data from six full-term subjects at risk for hearing loss or with highly suspected hearing loss. These subjects were less than 1 year of age and at risk for hearing loss secondary to a history of hereditary hearing loss, meningitis, hyperbilirubinemia, and ototoxic drug exposure. Audiometric evaluation included auditory brainstem responses (ABR), behavioral observation audiometry, and tympanometry. The CEOEs and DPOEs were found to be decreased or absent in the subjects with suspected hearing loss secondary to cochlear pathology; they were found to be normal in a subject with a suspected central hearing loss. This study's data suggest that otoacoustic emissions when combined with ABR can provide a frequency-specific evaluation of cochlear function and help determine the anatomic site of a pathologic lesion.
Temperature effects on the pickup process of water group and hydrogen ions: Extensions of “A theory for low-frequency waves observed at comet Giacobini-Zinner” by M. L. Goldstein and H. K. Wong

Cometary heavy ions can resonantly excite hydromagnetic wave activity with spacecraft frequency spectra strongly deviating from the ion cyclotron frequency. The influence of the newborn particle temperature on this effect is assessed, its relevance to the interpretation of the observations is discussed, and an alternative, more efficient mechanism to generate spacecraft frequencies of the order of the proton cyclotron frequency is suggested.
QCD corrections to production of Higgs pseudoscalars.

Models of electroweak symmetry breaking with more than a single doublet of Higgs scalars contain a neutral pseudoscalar boson. The production of such a pseudoscalar in hadron collisions proceeds primarily via gluon fusion through a top-quark loop (except for those models in which the pseudoscalar coupling to bottom quarks is strongly enhanced). We compute the QCD corrections to this process in the heavy-quark limit, using an effective Lagrangian derived from the axial anomaly.
Topology control for effective interference cancellation in multiuser MIMO networks

In multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) networks, receivers decode multiple concurrent signals using successive interference cancellation (SIC). With SIC, a weak target signal can be deciphered in the presence of stronger interfering signals. However, this is only feasible if each strong interfering signal satisfies a signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) requirement. This necessitates the appropriate selection of a subset of links that can be concurrently active in each receiver's neighborhood; in other words, a subtopology consisting of links that can be simultaneously active in the network is to be formed. If the selected subtopologies are of small size, the delay between the transmission opportunities on a link increases. Thus, care should be taken to form a limited number of subtopologies. We find that the problem of constructing the minimum number of subtopologies such that SIC decoding is successful with a desired probability threshold is NP-hard. Given this, we propose MUSIC, a framework that greedily forms and activates subtopologies in a way that favors successful SIC decoding with a high probability. MUSIC also ensures that the number of selected subtopologies is kept small. We provide both a centralized and a distributed version of our framework. We prove that our centralized version approximates the optimal solution for the considered problem. We also perform extensive simulations to demonstrate that: 1) MUSIC forms a small number of subtopologies that enable efficient SIC operations; the number of subtopologies formed is at most 17% larger than the optimum number of topologies, discovered through exhaustive search (in small networks); 2) MUSIC outperforms approaches that simply consider the number of antennas as a measure for determining the links that can be simultaneously active. Specifically, MUSIC provides throughput improvements of up to four times, as compared to such an approach, in various topological settings. The improvements can be directly attributable to a significantly higher probability of correct SIC based decoding with MUSIC.
Rape prevention: Experiential training for men.

There are an increasing number of programs in which the needs of rape victims are addressed. Unfortunately, less attention has been given to developing proactive programs targeting the potential or actual perpetrator. The author describes an experiential program in which men are educated about rape and are helped to increase their empathic understanding of victims.
Neuroeffector mechanisms: the interface between inflammation and neuronal responses

There is a complex relation between inflammation and neural control of the airways. Cholinergic neurotransmission may be enhanced by inflammatory mediators; cholinergic nerves are the dominant neural pathway for bronchoconstriction in humans. Anticholinergic drugs are more effective in acute severe asthma than in chronic asthma, suggesting that cholinergic mechanisms may be important in exacerbations. Several possible abnormalities in adrenergic control in asthma have been proposed and may be caused by the inflammatory process. Adrenergic nerves do not have direct control of airway smooth muscle but may influence bronchomotor tone in several ways, such as adrenergic neural control of the bronchial vasculature or a secondary effect on cholinergic neurotransmission. Nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) mechanisms mediate both bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation, and a defect in NANC bronchodilatation has been suggested to operate in severe asthma. Relatively little is known about the properties of airway sensory (afferent) nerves in human beings. They are thought to be involved in symptoms of cough and chest tightness, and the threshold for their activation is lowered in conditions of chronic inflammation. In addition, retrograde activation of sensory nerves by a local axon reflex, resulting in the release of peptides, may contribute to inflammation of the airways. Neurogenic inflammation is probably not relevant to mild asthma, however, but it may be more important in severe disease such as brittle asthma.
The electrocoalescers' technology: Advances, strengths and limitations for crude oil separation

Abstract Water-in-oil emulsions are encountered in production, processing and transportation of crude oils. Their stability is an issue of great concern and economic relevance, impacting operations at several Saudi Aramco gas–oil separation plants (GOSPs). A number of technologies can be applied to destabilize emulsions, to meet the export specifications of maximum 0.3% water-in-oil and 10 lbs per thousand barrels (PTB) of total dissolved salts in the crude oil. Among those technologies, electrocoalescence has the potential to reduce heating which is energy intensive. Electrocoalescence also limits the use of chemicals, which may contaminate the produced water. This paper summarizes some theoretical aspects and recent developments on electrocoalescence; experimental data are also provided to demonstrate strengths and limitations of this technology. Tests carried out in a laboratory flow loop equipped with an electrocoalescer package show that separation performances are poor when the emulsions' Reynolds number in the electric field zone is low and when the water droplet size distribution in the emulsion is centered at small diameters. As a consequence, the engineering studies for integrating an electrocoalescer package inside an existing separation facility should promote moderately turbulent emulsion flow condition to ensure that the technology will work efficiently.
Prepubertal trauma and mandibular asymmetry in orthognathic surgery and orthodontic patients

The association between radiographic evidence of mandibular asymmetry and history of prepubertal trauma was analyzed in orthognathic surgery patients and orthodontic patients. There were statistically significant associations between radiographic evidence of mandibular asymmetry and a history of prepubertal trauma in both patient groups. The results suggest that prepubertal trauma could be one etiologic factor for the development of mandibular asymmetry.
Expectations in normed ∗-algebras

Abstract A positive hermitian linear functional on a ∗ -algebra with identity is called an expectation when it satisfies a normalizing and an admissibility condition. The main theorem of this note shows that a positive linear function, on a normed ∗ -algebra, with normalizing condition is always an expectation. A simple relation connecting this expectation and the expectation of Nakamura and Turumaru is given.
Computational fluid dynamics simulations of fluid flow and heat transfer at the wall-particle contact points in a fixed-bed reactor

Abstract An accurate description of the fluid flow and heat transfer within a fixed-bed reactor is desirable. The prevailing models of fluid flow invoke either a constant velocity (plug-flow) profile, or make use of a single axial velocity component with radial variation across the tube diameter. However, difficulties in predicting reactor performance and the wide disagreement between effective heat transfer coefficients suggest that these are oversimplified pictures of the real-flow situation. Computational fluid dynamics is a means that could improve our understanding of fixed-bed fluid flow and heat transfer, by solving the 3D Navier–Stokes equations. Simulations are presented for an improved geometry, compared to previous studies, of 10 solid spheres in a tube with a tube-to-particle ratio of 2.43, that includes both particle to particle and also wall to particle contacts. Simulations are also reported with heat generation from the spheres. The simulation results show strong flow components towards the wall and away from the wall, thereby transporting heat. The flow around the contact points themselves shows stagnant regions, due to the high shear of the solid surfaces. A high velocity gradient in the radial direction is observed between two layers of spheres, which clearly shows how the heat transfer is increased within the bed. Regions of back-flow are also observed, in qualitative agreement with literature experimental studies.
Rift processes at the Valles Marineris, Mars: Constraints from gravity on necking and rate-dependent strength evolution

Recent spherical harmonic representations of the gravity field of Mars have sufficient resolution to examine the regional crustal and lithospheric structure of the Valles Marineris and are used as constraints for rift modeling. While gravity signatures of individual troughs are not evident, a broad 190–260 mgal low indicates that the central chasmata as a whole are compensated at a depth of 30–80 km, representing the thickness of crust surrounding the troughs. Furthermore, at the time large-scale relief was established, the effective thickness of the elastic lithosphere was 20 m W m−2. The calculated range of crustal thickness and heat flow can be used to test two semianalytic models of rift formation. In the first model, the distinction between single (“narrow rift”) and multiple (“wide rift”) troughs is determined by the wavelength of necking instabilities. In the second model, narrow-versus-wide morphology is controlled by the evolution of lithospheric strength during rifting. The large-scale, parallel, multiple troughs of the central Valles Marineris are morphologically similar to terrestrial wide rifts, but a lack of distinct faulting in some of the chasmata could imply that the faulted troughs may have formed as isolated narrow rifts. Our results are only marginally consistent with necking leading to a wide rift; allowable combinations of crustal thickness and heat flow lead to decoupling within the lithosphere resulting in a second principal necking wavelength that is smaller than the main trough spacing, for which evidence is equivocal. At high heat flow (>40 m W m−2), however, necking of the strong upper crust alone can yield a shorter wavelength characteristic of a single trough, allowing narrow-rift origins of faulted chasmata. In contrast, the inferred range of crustal thickness and heat flow poorly match the narrow-rift regime of the strength-evolution model but are in good agreement with its predictions for wide rifting. Furthermore, the distinction between wide rift and core complex in this model places an upper bound on heat flow of 70 m W m−2.
Virtual Discourse: Evaluating DR-ED as a Computer Mediated Communications Network for Medical Education

Finding ways to link educators conducting research and educational activities is vitally important toward promoting scholarship, resource sharing, and collaboration. One avenue for developing these linkages is a form of computer mediated communications technology called listservs. This article describes the development and evaluation of the DR-ED listserv. Through a subscriber demographic analysis, content analysis of messages, and a subscriber survey, the DR-ED listserv has proven to be successful in terms of the diverse subscriber base it serves and the broad range of topics subscribers have addressed. Further, it serves as a forum to keep current on innovations in medical education and facilitates the formation of collaborative scholarly networks. By way of conclusion, suggestions are offered for those interested in developing listserv technology of their own and conducting research on listservs in general.
Puffin: a fast and efficient web service-based condor job manager

For new Condor users, an easy-to-use interface to submit and monitor jobs from anywhere will significantly lower their barrier of entry to the Condor grid technology. Abstracting system and configuration details will facilitate more widespread use of Condor, as users with no detailed knowledge of Condor will be able to focus on their computational code. We introduce a context-free system that enables users to easily submit, manage, and monitor their job regardless of the operating system they use or the language by which the client is written. This system helps users to send computational jobs to a federated Condor resource, thus shielding users from details such as pool information, job migration, account used, etc..., so long as the users have valid credentials for job submission. Our system also features bulk job submission with load balancing among multiple schedulers, SpaceLease functionality to manage common data files, and asynchronous job event updates. Our system uses the JBoss application server and Condor Birdbath APIs. The design of this system aims at significantly reducing the overhead on the schedd which currently suffers from continuous polling from the users, and thus, helping Condor to scale in order to serve a very large number of concurrent users. A client application has been developed to test and validate various system components. Using this client application, a user can submit jobs from any operating system anywhere without logging in to the remote Condor submit machine, and is notified of the job status in real-time without any special configuration for the target environment.
Theoretical investigation of extended defects in group-III nitrides

The authors have investigated two types of extended defects commonly found in AlN, GaN and InN films using density-functional techniques. First, basal-plane stacking faults have been studied for all three compounds. Stacking-fault energies were found to be largest in AlN and smallest in GaN consistent with density-functional results for their wurtzite/zinc-blende energy differences. In addition, the 4H and 6H structures were found to have lower energies than zinc blende for all three compounds. Secondly, the authors have investigated the electronic structure and formation energy for an edge dislocation in AlN. The full-core dislocation structure was found to have a filled electronic level approximately 0.55 eV above the valence-band edge and an empty level 1.4 eV below the conduction-band edge. An open-core structure was found to have filled and empty electronic levels closer to the middle of the energy gap. Formation energies for these two geometries suggest that the full-core structure would be expected to form in p-type material whereas both are expected in n-type material.
A Geography of Reading in 'Paris, Port-de-Mer'

Paris, Port-de-Mer» is chosen purposely for its apparent lack of focus as an example of the difficulty of reading the author's later work. The way into the text is made twice, once via the presumed topic of Paris as a seaport, once with the help of Descartes' Discours de la methode, which supplies the terms for various metaphors operating in the narrative. The topic quickly goes underground, only to emerge after it is understood that the many books and libraries are to be treated somewhat like the port, places of arrival and departure, but not of permanence. The text is similarly a port, or «trace», as Cendrars calls it. The narrative is an inventory of books, but at the same time a departure from them. The «most beautiful library of the world,» though never explicitly named as such, is no doubt the bookstalls on the quais, and the narrator as reader is, at his best, peripatetic. This article is available in Studies in 20th Century Literature: http://newprairiepress.org/sttcl/vol3/iss2/7 A GEOGRAPHY OF READING IN «PARIS, PORT-DE-MER.* JAY BOCHNER University of Montreal Soon after the fall of France in 1940 Cendrars retired to Aixen-Provence. He wrote absolutely nothing for three years until, in August of 1943, he suddenly «took fire» and launched into L'Homme foudroye. This is the first of four long, vaguely autobiographical narratives which though some consider to be his most accomplished work, most readers find disorganized and confused, rambling and digressive. It is not a simple matter to dispose of such criticism, for it contains much truth; one could, nevertheless, speak of Cendrars's art of digression and, of course, of his deconstruction. Clearly, in these narratives Cendrars is dismissing certain conventional habits of ordering, but the texts do not primarily convey the sense of avoidance, delay or demolition, of an attack on ordered discourse; instead, their humor, vitality and sweep point to an embracing of people and places, albeit in a seemingly indiscriminate and haphazard fashion. «Paris, Port-de-Merop the last narrative in Bourlinguer, is an exemplary case in which to examine this lack of focus we have come to expect from the later Cendrars.(1) There is indeed focus, but Cendrars appears to be constantly abandoning his own topics. Still, it is with these decoys that the reader must start, and we should not be too quick to skirt the impression of disorder and incertitude which the reader is obviously expected to submit to, for it prepares a special ground. To follow Cendrars's text a certain distance is to apprehend the directionless material not as digression, a secession from straightforward narrative, but as free association, a dynamic improvisation taking pleasure and place entirely in the present. Like the therapeutic, this free association
CRITICAL THEORY AND SCHOOLING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RADICAL PEDAGOGY

(1983). CRITICAL THEORY AND SCHOOLING: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A RADICAL PEDAGOGY. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1-21.
K° production in e+e- annihilation

Abstract The production of enutral kaons in e + e − annihilation has been measured for c.m. energies between 3.4 GeV and 7.6 GeV. Near 4 GeV the inclusive K S cross section shows an increase and structure similar to total hadron production. Roughly 40–45% of all hadronic final states contain kaons, except at 4.028 GeV and 4.415 GeV, where a significantly larger kaon fraction is observed.
Theory of pulsar magnetospheres

There is a wide range of fundamental physical problems directly related to how pulsars function. Some of these are independent of the specific pulsar mechanism. Others relate directly to the physics of the pulsar and already shed some light on the properties of matter at high density (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{15}$ g/cc) and in strong magnetic fields (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{12}$ G). Pulsars are assumed to be rotating neutron stars surrounded by strong magnetic fields and energetic particles. It is somewhere within this "magnetosphere" that the pulsar action is expected to take place. Currently there has been considerable difficulty in formulating an entirely self-consistent theory of the magnetospheric behavior and there may be rapid revisions in the near future, which is all the more surprising since many of the issues involve "elementary" problems in electromagnetism. One interesting discovery is that charge-separated plasmas apparently can support stable static discontinuities.
Investigation of grain boundary energetics in Er2O3 thin foils by transmission electron microscopy

The oxidation of erbium thin films directly within the electron microscope, and the subsequent grain growth and equilibration of the Er2O3 foils have allowed the true dihedral angles at grain boundary triple junctions to be calculated. It is observed that a mean dihedral angle of 120° obtains for these oxide-ceramic films; and the comparison of the three-dimensionally computed dihedral angles with the two-dimensional angles measured directly from electron microscope images of grain boundary triple junctions in Er2O3 exhibited a uniqueness which questions the necessity of three-dimensional corrections for this particular property. The distribution of relative grain boundary free energy ratios in Er2O3 foils is also calculated; and the spread of this data is interpreted to represent the effects of the relative grain orientations composing a triple junction. The mean boundary inclination is observed to be 71.1°, which suggests an influence on grain boundary equilibration in thin foils of surface image forces. The results generally indicate that the application of techniques previously utilized in the study of metallic grain boundary energetics is equally valid in certain oxide-ceramic thin films. Die Oxydation von dunnen Erbiumschichten direkt im Elektronenmikroskop sowie das nachfolgende Kristallkornwachstum und die Gleichgewichtseinstellung der Er2O3 Schichten erlauben die Bestimmung der wahren diedrischen Winkel an Korngrenzentripelpunkten. Es wird ein diedrischer Hauptwinkel von 120° fur diese keramischen Oxidschichten erhalten; der Vergleich der dreidimensionalen berechneten diedrischen Winkel mit den zweidimensionalen Winkeln, die direkt aus den Elektronenmikroskopbildern von Korngrenzentripelpunkten in Er2O3 bestimmt wurden, zeigt eine Ungleichheit, die die Notwendigkeit einer dreidimensionalen Korrektur fur diese spezielle Eigenschaft zeigt. Die Verteilung der Energieverhaltnisse von relativ korngrenzenfreien Er2O3-Schichten wird ebenfalls berechnet; die Streuung dieser Werte wird durch Effekte erklart, die durch die relative Orientierung der Kristallkorner, die einen Tripelpunkt bilden, auftreten. Es wird beobachtet, das der Hauptneigungswinkel fur Korngrenzen 71,1° betragt, was auf den Einflus von Oberflachenbildkraften auf das Korngrenzengleichgewicht in dunnen Schichten hinweist. Die Ergebnisse zeigen im allgemeinen, das Techniken, die vorher schon bei der Untersuchung der metallischen Korngrenzenenergetik verwendet wurden, gleichermasen in gewissen keramischen Oxidschichten anwendbar bleiben.
Adaptive transmission for Infostations: a MC-CDMA implementation

The Infostation concept is proposed for fourth generation cellular communications to provide very low cost data transfer. It provides non-ubiquitous coverage and very high data rates for users within small, isolated coverage areas by means of adaptive transmission. We propose a transmission scheme for infostations based on multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA). The proposed system performs adaptive transmission by changing spreading code allocation and using adaptive modulation. In the receiver we propose to use successive interference cancellation (SIC), which decodes the most reliable symbols first. Approximate analytic and simulated results for bit error rate are given for a Rice Infostation channel. Transmission rates for the two user case under two proposed resource allocation policies are shown.
Endoscopic Therapy for Barrett's Esophagus and Early Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

Endoscopic therapy for Barrett�s esophagus is feasible and likely to decrease the future risk of development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The most commonly used therapy is radiofrequency ablation, which has been shown to produce reproducible superficial injury in the esophagus. Other thermal therapies include multipolar coagulation, argon plasma coagulation, and thermal laser therapy. The other end of the ablative spectrum includes cryotherapy, which involves freezing tissue to produce mucosal necrosis. Photodynamic therapy has been used to photochemically eliminate abnormal mucosa. Endoscopic therapy has been demonstrated to be effective in high-risk situations such as Barrett�s esophagus with high-grade dysplasia
Self-synchronization of an Array of Programmable Oscillators (Clocks)

We present the CMOS circuit design and realization of an architecture for synchronizing multiple programmable oscillators (nodes). This circuit performs phase locking and locks to a common frequency with constant phase differences. The nodes are digitally-controlled-oscillators (DCOs) coupled via vector multipliers implemented by composing (analog) CMOS Gilbert multipliers. The overall 3-node example circuit presented here includes on-chip inductors, and occupies total of 712.65mu by 568.2mu area in the 0.5mum technology process. This design is scalable to large numbers of nodes as well as finer feature size technologies
Histological dating of timed endometrial biopsy tissue is not related to fertility status.

Objective To assess the ability of histological dating to discriminate between women of fertile and infertile couples. The utility of histological dating of endometrium in the evaluation of infertile couples is uncertain. Design Prospective multicenter study, with subjects randomly assigned to biopsy timing. Criterion standard for infertility was 12 months of unprotected, regular intercourse without conception and for fertility at least one live birth within 2 years. Setting University-based infertility practices. Patient(s) Volunteer subjects (847) recruited at 12 clinical sites participating in the National Institutes of Health-funded Reproductive Medicine Network. Inclusion criteria included ages 20–39 years, regular menstrual cycles, and no hormonal treatment or contraceptive use for 1 month before the study. Fertile controls were excluded if they had a history of infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, or recent breastfeeding. Intervention(s) Subjects underwent daily urinary LH testing. After detection of the LH surge, subjects were randomized to biopsy in the mid (days 21–22) or the late (days 26–27) luteal phase. Pathologists at each site estimated the cycle day based on standard criteria. For the primary analysis, an out-of-phase biopsy was defined as a greater than 2-day delay in the histological maturation of the endometrium. Main outcome measure(s) The proportion of out-of-phase biopsies in fertile and infertile women was compared using logistic regression models with age at randomization as a covariate. Comparisons were also made between fertile vs. infertile at the midluteal or late luteal phase time points. Result(s) Biopsies were evaluated (301 mid and 318 late; N=619). Out-of-phase biopsy results poorly discriminated between women from fertile and infertile couples in either the midluteal (fertile: 49.4%, infertile: 43.2%) or late luteal phase (fertile: 35.3%, infertile 23.0%). Results did not substantially differ using alternative definitions of "out-of-phase" or standardized cycle day. Conclusion(s) Histological dating of the endometrium does not discriminate between women of fertile and infertile couples and should not be used in the routine evaluation of infertility.
Systematic review of parameters of stimulation, clinical trial design characteristics, and motor outcomes in non-invasive brain stimulation in stroke.

Introduction: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation are two powerful non-invasive neuromodulatory therapies that have the potential to alter and evaluate the integrity of the corticospinal tract. Moreover, recent evidence has shown that brain stimulation might be beneficial in stroke recovery. Therefore, investigating and investing in innovative therapies that may improve neurorehabilitative stroke recovery are next steps in research and development. Methods: This article presents an up-to-date systematic review of the treatment effects of rTMS and tDCS on motor function. A literary search was conducted, utilizing search terms “stroke” and “transcranial stimulation”. Items were excluded if they failed to: (1) include stroke patients, (2) study motor outcomes, or (3) include rTMS/tDCS as treatments. Other exclusions included: (1) reviews, editorials, and letters, (2) animal or pediatric populations, (3) case reports or sample sizes < or = 2 patients, and (4) primary outcomes of dysphagia, dysarthria, neglect, or swallowing. Results: Investigation of PubMed English Database prior to 01/01/2012 produced 695 applicable results. Studies were excluded based on the aforementioned criteria, resulting in 50 remaining studies. They included 1314 participants (1282 stroke patients and 32 healthy subjects) evaluated by motor function pre- and post- tDCS or rTMS. Heterogeneity among studies’ motor assessments was high and could not be accounted for by individual comparison. Pooled effect sizes for the impact of post-treatment improvement revealed consistently demonstrable improvements after tDCS and rTMS therapeutic stimulation. Most studies provided limited follow-up for long-term effects. Conclusions: It is apparent from the available studies that noninvasive stimulation may enhance motor recovery and may lead to clinically-meaningful functional improvements in the stroke population.
The Multi-AT-Hook Chromosomal Protein of Drosophila melanogaster , D1, Is Dispensable for Viability

The D1 protein is a high mobility group A (HMGA)-like nonhistone chromosomal protein with primary localization to certain AT-rich satellite DNA sequences within heterochromatin. The binding of D1 to euchromatic sequences is less studied and the functional significance of its chromosomal associations is unclear. By taking advantage of existing P-insertion alleles of the D1 gene, I generated D1 null mutations to investigate the phenotypic effect of loss of the D1 gene. In contrast to a previous report, I determined that the D1 gene is not essential for viability of Drosophila melanogaster, and moreover, that loss of D1 has no obvious phenotypic effects. My tests for an effect of D1 mutations on PEV revealed that it is not a suppressor of variegation, as concluded by other investigators. In fact, the consequence of loss of D1 on one of six variegating rearrangements tested, T(2;3)SbV, was dominant enhancement of PEV, suggesting a role for the protein in euchromatic chromatin structure and/or transcription. A study of D1 protein sequence conservation highlighted features shared with mammalian HMGA proteins, which function as architectural transcription factors.
POPULATION GENETICS OF FERAL HORSES: IMPLICATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL ISOLATION

Abstract Feral horses (Equus caballus) in the Garfield Flat Herd Management Area in western Nevada exist as 2 subpopulations most of the year and as a single population once sufficient snow has accumulated to free them from dependence on their respective water sources. Populations were examined for genetic structure using 12 equine microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data also were generated from a distant population in the Granite Range Herd Management Area, in northwestern Nevada. Analyses of microsatellite allele frequencies supported the genetic individuality of the 3 groups. The Garfield Hills groups were marginally differentiated by virtue of low FST and low success in population assignment. Recent population bottlenecks and behavioral isolation are the likely mechanisms for the genetic differences between the 2 Garfield groups. Both Garfield groups were strongly differentiated from the Granite Range horses. Allele frequencies of both Garfield Flat subpopulations were within Hardy-Weinberg expect...
Optimal pilot design for MIMO-OFDM system channel estimation in time domain

In this paper, we propose a least squares (LS) channel estimation scheme in time domain for MIMO-OFDM systems based on pilot tones. The basic idea is that time-domain signals generated by pilots of transmitter and receiver are used to estimate the time-domain channel responses. Optimal pilot sequences (OPS) with regard to (w.r.t) the mean square error (MSE) of LS channel estimation are also presented; It is shown that the OPS are equipowered, equispaced, and position orthogonal. The maximum guard bandwidth (MGB) w.r.t MSE is introduced, as virtual subcarriers are not used for transmission. If the guard bandwidth of MIMO-OFDM system is less than or equal to the MGB, the OPS can be avoided from the guard band by adjusting initial position of OPS. Through simulations, it is shown that the OPS derived in this paper outperform conventional OPS in terms of MGB and MSE.
A Modified Nonparametric Prewhitened Covariance Estimator

This paper proposes a fully modified version of the spectral matrix estimator (and the long-run variance estimator as a special case) proposed originally by Xiao and Linton (Journal of Time Series Analysis (2002) Vol. 23, pp. 215-250), and derives its asymptotic results. A striking feature of the modified spectral matrix estimator is to achieve the convergence rate of O(T � 8/9 ) in the mean squared error (MSE), which is usually achieved under the fourth-order spectral window. However, this estimator does not sacrifice the positive definiteness of the resulting estimate for the rate improvement; it is Hermitian and positive definite in finite samples by construction. The faster convergence rate is established by a multiplicative bias correction of the crude spectral estimator under the second-order spectral window. The approximations to some sensible definitions of the MSE of the estimator and the bandwidths that minimize the asymptotic MSEs are also derived. Monte Carlo results indicate that for a wide variety of processes the modified spectral matrix estimator reduces the bias without inflating the variance and thus improves the MSE, compared with the crude, bias-uncorrected estimator.