cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Mutants Containing Deletions in One or More α-Genes: ICP4, ICP27, ICP22, and ICP0

Replication defective mutants of HSV have been proposed both as vaccine candidates and as vehicles for gene therapy because of their inability to produce infectious progeny. The immunogenicity of these HSV replication mutants, at both qualitative and quantitative levels, will directly determine their effectiveness for either of these applications. We have previously reported (Brehm et al., J. Virol., 71, 3534, 1997) that a replication defective mutant of HSV-1, which expresses a substantial level of viral genes without producing virus particles, is as efficient as wild-type HSV-1 in eliciting an HSV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. In this report, we have further evaluated the immunogenic potential of HSV-1-derived replication defective mutants by examining the generation of HSV-specific CTL following immunization with viruses that are severely restricted in viral gene expression due to mutations in one or more HSV alpha genes (ICP4, ICP27, ICP22, and ICP0). To measure the CTL responses induced by the HSV alpha-mutants, we have targeted two H-2Kb-restricted CTL epitopes: an epitope in a virion protein, gB (498-505), and an epitope in a nonvirion protein, ribonucleotide reductase (RR1 822-829). The HSV mutants used in this study are impaired in their ability to express gB while a majority of them still express RR1. Our findings demonstrate that a single immunization with these mutants is able to generate a strong CTL response not only to RR1 822-829, but also to gB498-505 despite their inability to express wild-type levels of gB. Furthermore, a single immunization with any individual mutant can also provide immune protection against HSV challenge. These results suggest that mutants which are restricted in gene expression may be used as effective immunogens in vivo.
Trade induced convergence through human capital accumulation in credit-constrained economies

Abstract This paper shows how a poor economy trapped in a low-income (or low human capital) steady state can converge to a high-income steady state by trading with a human capital abundant economy which is in the high-income steady state. Upon opening to trade, the economy that is trapped in a low-income steady state experiences an increase in the unskilled wage. This relaxes the constraints on investment in human capital and triggers a process of skill accumulation and intergenerational mobility, which in turn allows the low-income economy to eventually converge to the high-income steady state. During transition from autarky to free trade steady state, even the high-income economy experiences an increase in the stock of human capital, before returning to its autarky level of human capital in the post-trade steady state.
Corrigendum to “Protein quality control, the ubiquitin proteasome system, and autophagy: When worlds collide” [J Mol Cell Cardiol 71 (2014) 1–2]

Corrigendum to “Protein quality control, the ubiquitin proteasome system, and autophagy: When worlds collide” [J Mol Cell Cardiol 71 (2014) 1–2] Monte S. Willis⁎, Cam Patterson a McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA b Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA c McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA d New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Decision fusion software system for turbine engine fault diagnostics

Sophistication and complexity of current turbine engines have mandated the need for advanced fault diagnostic for monitoring the health condition of turbine engines. A critical component of these advanced diagnostic systems is the decision fusion software. The purpose of the decision fusion software system is to increase diagnostic reliability, accuracy, and improve safety of the engine operation. It also helps decrease diagnostic false alarms hence save maintenance time. This paper focuses on the development and implementation of decision-fusion software system for enhancing the diagnosis of turbine engines. The paper describes how a fuzzy logic system is used to predict and diagnose turbine engine health conditions at different levels based on the health parameters, i.e., efficiency and flow. In this paper, the decision fusion software system was broken down into two subsystems namely, Decision Making Subsystem (DMS) and Decision Fusion Subsystem (DFS). The goal of the DMS is to predict the health condition of the engine components. While the objective of DFS is to assess the overall health condition of the engine based on information provided by the DMS. The test results of developed fusion software system are promising in providing reliable diagnostics for turbine engine, subsequently reducing maintenance cost. All the system development steps and testing results on the commercial grade turbine engine model C-MAPSS will be presented in this paper.
The Kondo effect in low temperature deposited Cu(Fe) films

Abstract Highly disordered Cu(Fe) films were prepared by condensing a dilute Cu(Fe) alloy onto a lHe temperature substrate. The Kondo temperature T′K was computed by fitting the data to the Applebaum-Kondo resistivity formula. The computed T′K was found to be the same as that of bulk, crystalline Cu(Fe).
Serotonin depletion inhibits feeding in carnivorous leeches (Haemopis).

The effect of reserpine on the serotonin content of the central nervous system and the feeding behavior of the carnivorous leech Haemopis marmorata was investigated. Leeches were hand-fed to satiation by presentation of pieces of chicken liver held in forceps for three meals at 4-day intervals prior to and 1 week following three consecutive injections of 100 μg reserpine in the crop. A group matched by weight and preinjection food intake was injected with the vehicle in a blind experimental design. Histochemical and chemical determinations showed that reserpine effectively depleted the serotonin content of the animal's central nervous system. Furthermore, the food intake of reserpine-treated animals was significantly less than that of the sham-injected group. However, the depleted animals continued to ingest approximately 40% of the amount consumed during the preinjection period. These results show that reserpine successfully depleted the serotonin in the carnivorous leech H. marmorata and decreased the food intake of this leech species. They suggest that feeding behavior in Haemopis is partially but not exclusively dependent on serotonin and that, in contrast to the sanguivorous leeches, additional factors may be necessary for its regulation.
On the effects of topical synthetic pseudoceramides: comparison of possible keratinocyte toxicities provoked by the pseudoceramides, PC104 and BIO391, and natural ceramides.

Summary Background Ceramides (Cer) in the stratum corneum are essential for epidermal permeability barrier function. Thus, topical Cer replacement therapy has been employed to improve barrier function in clinical situations associated with Cer deficiency, e.g., atopic dermatitis. Because of the disadvantages of both natural- and skin identical-Cer (central nervous system origins and cost, respectively), synthetic chemical mimics, or pseudoceramides (pseudo-Cer), have been utilized as Cer substitutes. Whereas increased levels of intracellular Cer trigger cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, Cer levels are maintained by metabolic/catabolic pathways protecting cells from Cer-induced apoptosis. However, since the metabolic fates of each pseudo-Cer remain unknown, their widespread deployment in topical agents has raised concern about potential toxicities. Objective We compared the effects of two chemically unrelated commercially available pseudo-Cer to exogenous cell-permeant (C2)- or natural (C18)-Cer on cell growth and apoptosis thresholds in cultured human keratinocytes (CHK). Methods Cell growth and cell toxicity of CHK exposed to either C2-Cer or pseudo-Cer were assessed by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential, an indicator of apoptosis, was measured using membrane permeabilized semi-intact keratinocytes exposed C2-Cer, natural-Cer or pseudo-Cer. Results While the cell-permeant-Cer inhibits keratinocyte growth and increases cell toxicity, neither of the pseudo-Cer showed these effects. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential occurred in CHK incubated with cell-permeant- and natural-Cer, but not pseudo-Cer. Conclusions Taken together with preclinical safety studies of these pseudo-Cer and their widespread use over the counter without evidence of toxicity, these studies provide further assurance about the safety of these pseudo-Cer for topical use.
Early stages of influenza virus entry into Mv-1 lung cells: involvement of dynamin.

Viruses generally have one of two mechanisms for entry and uncoating. They can enter the cell either by endocytosis or by direct fusion at the plasma membrane. We have established a novel mink lung (Mv-1) cell line that expresses a dominant-interfering form of dynamin-1 (K44A) under the control of a tetracycline-responsive element and studied the early events in influenza infection using these cells. We found that influenza virus binds equally to both induced and uninduced cells, but in K44A-expressing cells, electron microscopy showed viruses trapped in deep coated pits and irregular-shaped tubular structures that contain discrete coated regions. We also show by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy that entry of incoming virus into the nucleus is blocked in K44A-expressing cells. Virus replication was assayed by immunofluorescence microscopy and was strongly inhibited at both early and late times postinfection in K44A-expressing cells. Virus infectivity was inhibited by approximately 2 log units in cells expressing K44A dynamin when analyzed by influenza plaque assay. Overall these data show that dynamin is required for efficient influenza virus entry, presumably due to its function in release of vesicles from coated pits.
A High-Throughput Assay for Frataxin Allows for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Monitoring of Friedreich Ataxia

Friedreich ataxia (FA or FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the frataxin ( FXN ) gene located on chromosome 9q. Discovery of the genetic cause of FA has led to an understanding of the clinical and basic science aspects of the disorder and has implications for therapeutic discoveries (1, 2). For example, a mutant mouse has been developed, allowing a model for treatment evaluation (3). However, as clinical trials have developed for this disorder, it has become apparent that although genetic testing is necessary for confirmation of the diagnosis, the current DNA-based testing is not suitable for population screening, nor can it help monitor potential treatments, leaving clinical researchers searching for a suitable biomarker. In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , Oglesbee et al. (4) present new methodology that can be used in newborn screening, leading to an earlier diagnosis, and therefore a chance for therapeutic intervention, even before the development of symptoms. In addition, this technology allows for therapeutic monitoring, a necessity for clinical trials. The development …
A “Human-in-the-loop” approach for resolving complex software anomalies

Automated static analysis tools are widely used in identifying software anomalies, such as memory leak, unsafe thread synchronization and malicious behaviors in smartphone applications. Such anomaly-prone scenarios can be bifurcated into: “ordinary” (analysis requires relatively simple automation) and “complex” (analysis poses extraordinary automation challenges). While automated static analysis tools can resolve ordinary scenarios with high accuracy, automating the analysis of complex scenarios can be very challenging and, at times, infeasible. Even when feasible the cost for full automation can be exorbitant: either in implementing the automation or in sifting through the large number of erroneous results manually. Instead, we appeal for a “Human-in-the-loop” approach called “Amplified Reasoning Technique” (ART). While some of the existing approaches do involve human in the analysis process, the roles played by man and machine are mainly segregated. Whereas, ART puts man and machine in a “loop” in an interactive and visualization-based fashion. This paper makes an attempt to convince its readers to make their analysis of software anomalies ART-based by presenting real-world case studies of complex anomalies and how an ART based approach can be very effective in resolving them. The case studies highlight the desired characteristics of an ART based tool and the type of role it plays in amplifying human intelligence.
Symmetry of free-surface flows

Certain geometrical properties of steady two-dimensional potential flows in the presence of gravity are considered. The two main problems are that of a solitary wave in an interface between two immiscible fluids of different densities, and that of steady waves in a free surface of a fluid flowing past an object (such as a ship hull, hydrofoil or surfboard). Our results include statements of positivity (or negativity), monotonicity, symmetry and the asymptotic behavior at infinity of such flows. The methods are extensions of those presented in earlier work on the solitary wave [7].
Enhanced Effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 Plus Genistein on Adipogenesis and Apoptosis in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes

Objective: To investigate the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 (D) and genistein (G), alone and in combination, to inhibit adipogenesis and induce apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods and Procedures: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and mature adipocytes were incubated with various concentrations of D and G, alone and in combination, for 48 h. Viability was determined using the Cell Titer 96 Aqueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay. Post-confluent preadipocytes were incubated with D and G for up to 6 days during adipogenesis and lipid content was quantified by Nile Red dye; apoptosis was quantified by measurement of single-stranded DNA. Expression of adipocyte-specific proteins and VDR was analyzed by western blotting. Results: Combining D and G did not cause an enhanced effect on cell viability in either preadipocytes or mature adipocytes. In maturing preadipocytes, D at 0.5 nmol/l (D0.5) increased apoptosis by 47 ± 10.25% (P < 0.05) and inhibited lipid accumulation by 28 ± 10% (P < 0.001), while G at 25 μmol/l (G25) had no significant effect. However, D+G caused an enhanced apoptosis by 136 ± 12.6% (P < 0.001) and enhanced inhibition of lipid accumulation by 82.46 ± 2.95% (P < 0.001). Similarly, D0.5 alone decreased adipose-specific gene 422 (aP2) expression to 34.2 ± 2.3% and increased VDR expression levels by 41.8 ± 11% (P < 0.001), but G25 showed no effect. However, D0.5+G25 decreased aP2 expression to 52 ± 4.2% (P < 0.05) and increased VDR expression levels by 131 ± 14.5% (P < 0.0001). Discussion: These findings suggest that combining 1,25(OH)2D3 with genistein results in an enhanced inhibition of lipid accumulation and induction of apoptosis in maturing 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
Crystallization of the classical one-component plasma

A theory of the crystallization of the three-dimensional classical one-component plasma is described. The theory is based on analysis of the nonlinear equation for the inhomogeneous density distribution at phase equilibrium. We report calculations of the plasma parameter $\ensuremath{\Gamma}\ensuremath{\equiv}(\frac{Z{e}^{2}}{{k}_{B}T}){(\frac{4\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\rho}}{3})}^{\frac{1}{3}}$, and the entropy change accompanying the transition. These values are in good agreement with those observed in computer simulations.
Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of a Laser Diode Chip in an Opto-Electronic Package

It is a well-known fact that the lasers have wide variety of applications in diverse fields from medicine to communications [1]. Laser packaging involves appropriate materials selection and design to ensure that the laser performance meets the required specifications. In this paper, we present a GaAs based laser diode package design. The package design enables the laser diode chip to withstand the thermo-mechanical strains that are induced during the package assembly process as well as during the operating conditions. Excessive stresses in the chips could causes cracks in the chip. Excessive strains could cause un-desired spectral characteristics in the emitted light [2]. Therefore, the objective is to design a package that is tested and characterized to avoid these failure modes. This study presents numerical and experimental investigation of thermo-mechanical strains induced due to coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between various package components during assembly process. Finite element (FE) analysis is used to predict the displacements, tensile strains and stresses in the chip at various assembly processes. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was used to measure the strains in the laser diode. Earlier, other researchers have used photo-luminescence methods and spectroscopic methods etc to measure packaging induced strains in the laser package [3]–[9]. The authors are not aware of any prior work where the DIC technique is applied on a very small chip for strain measurements Good correlation in displacements and strains was obtained between the model and the measurements, increasing confidence in the model. In addition, experiments were conducted to estimate the fracture strength of the GaAs to predict the chip failure based on the maximum principal stress criterion. The FE model was later used to conduct parametric study to analyze the impact of other factors on the chip stress such as substrate thickness, voids, thermal gradients in the package, surface irregularities in the chip etc. Experiments and model indicated that the designed package was robust enough and does not cause any damage to the chip.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Proceedings of the American Urogynecologic Society Multidisciplinary Symposium on Defecatory Disorders

The Multidisciplinary Symposium on Defecatory Disorders was created to delineate the breadth of defecatory disorders and propose investigations to address identified knowledge deficits. Seven experts in defecatory disorders and 24 members of the American Urogynecologic Society were invited. The experts provided brief summaries of the scope of defecatory disorders from the perspectives of their specialties. The group then divided into 3 subgroups that focused on pathophysiology, imaging, and evaluation and treatment. Defecatory disorders, including anal incontinence and constipation, are common among women of all ages. Determination of their prevalence is complicated by a lack of standardized definitions. Defecatory disorders carry lengthy differential diagnoses. Imaging studies and anorectal testing, although not standardized, can aid in distinguishing different causes of dysfunction. The lack of uniformity in diagnosis and evaluation compromises comparisons of different treatments. Standardization of diagnoses and diagnostic modalities is essential to the design of meaningful evaluations of treatments for defecatory disorders. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:S1-10.)
Traumatic brain injury: an overview of pathobiology with emphasis on military populations

This review considers the pathobiology of non-impact blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT). The pathobiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been historically studied in experimental models mimicking features seen in the civilian population. These brain injuries are characterized by primary damage to both gray and white matter and subsequent evolution of secondary pathogenic events at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels, which collectively mediate widespread neurodegeneration. An emerging field of research addresses brain injuries related to the military, in particular blast-induced brain injuries. What is clear from the effort to date is that the pathobiology of military TBIs, particularly BINT, has characteristics not seen in other types of brain injury, despite similar secondary injury cascades. The pathobiology of primary BINT is extremely complex. It comprises systemic, local, and cerebral responses interacting and often occurring in parallel. Activation of the autonomous nervous system, sudden pressure-increase in vital organs such as lungs and liver, and activation of neuroendocrine-immune system are among the most important mechanisms significantly contributing to molecular changes and cascading injury mechanisms in the brain.
A LOWER BOUND FOR ORDER-PRESERVING BROADCAST IN THE POSTAL MODEL

In the postal model of message passing systems, the actual communication network between processors is abstracted by a single communication latency factor, which measures the inverse ratio of the time it takes for a processor to send a message and the time that passes until the recipient receives the message. In this paper we examine the problem of broadcasting multiple messages in an order-preserving fashion in the postal model. We prove lower bounds for all parameter ranges and show that these lower bounds are within a factor of seven of the best upper bounds. In some cases, our lower bounds show significant asymptotic improvements over the previous best lower bounds.
A slim 198gold-grain implanter loaded with standard royal marsden 14-grain magazines

We designed a slim gold-grain implanter with adaptable lengths to implant areas accessible only through long, narrow, examining instruments, such as a suspension laryngoscope. The implanter is loaded with the same 14-grain magazine designed for and supplied with the Royal Marsden “gun.” The simplicity of the loading mechanism with a minimum of moving parts makes the instrument practically trouble free. Although it is designed to be used along narrow examining instruments, it can also be used in any situation in which a permanent implant is required, for instance, prostatic cancer and pelvic recurrences in cancer of the uterine cervix previously treated by external and intracavitary irradiation. Cancer 43:1021-1024, 1979.
Getting the Student with Head Injuries Back in School: Strategies for the Classroom.

Head-injured students making the transition back to school need to relearn how to learn. Strategies are offered for helping these students deal with such problem areas as organization skills, abstraction, attention and concentration, making transitions, writing, and information processing speed. Language: en
Change in dispositional well-being and its relation to role quality: A 30-year longitudinal study.

Abstract In a 30-year longitudinal study of adult women ( N = 104), we addressed three questions about changes in dispositional well-being: (1) Do women increase in dispositional well-being from young adulthood to midlife? (2) Are changes in dispositional well-being related to role quality? And, (3), Are the correlates between changes in dispositional well-being and role quality dependent on the method one uses to calculate change scores? Three out of four measures of dispositional well-being showed little or no mean-level change from age 21 to age 52. The fourth measure of dispositional well-being, reflecting effective functioning or maturity, showed a statistically significant but substantively small increase over the same 30-year period. The relation between change in dispositional well-being and role-quality was tested across the 30-year span of the longitudinal study. The results showed that positive role-quality was associated with increases on measures of effective functioning and well-being and decreases on measures of anxiety and psychoneuroticism. The method of calculating change scores did affect results with growth modeling and residualized change results being essentially identical and difference scores resulting in fewer statistically significant findings.
Mass spectrometric studies at high temperatures—X: The sublimation pressures of scandium (III), yttrium (III) and lanthanum (III), trifluorides

Sublimation pressures of ScF3, YF3 and LaF3 were measured by mass spectrometric and semi-microbalance studies via the Knudsen and Langmuir techniques. The mass spectrometric work established ScF3(g), YF3(g) and LaF3(g) as the major vapour species over their respective solid trifluorides. For ScF3 the results are represented by: log Patm = −(1·938 ± 0·042) × 104/T + 9·43 ± 0·33; (1172° < T° < 1402°K) for YF3 by log Patm = −(2·185 ± 0·030) × 104/T + 9·77 ± 0·23; (1256° < T° < 1434°K) and for LaF3 by log Patm = −(2·02 ± 0·02) × 104/T + 8·20 ± 0·15, (1200° < T° < 1434°K) where the errors quoted are standard deviations from the least-square fits. The heat of sublimation for ScF3 at 1290°K is 89 ± 3 kcal mole−1; for YF3 at 1332°K, ΔH° = 100 ± 3 kcal mole−1; and for LaF3 at 1324°K, ΔH° is 92 ± 2 kcal mole−1.
Identification of Structural Stiffness and Damping Coefficients of a Shoed Brush Seal

The multiple-shoe brush seal, a variation of a standard brush seal, accommodates arcuate pads at the bristles free ends. This novel design allows reverse shaft rotation operation, and reduces and even eliminates bristle wear, since the pads lift off due to the generation of a hydrodynamic film during rotor spinning. This type of seal, able to work at both cold and high temperatures, not only restricts secondary leakage but also acts as an effective vibration damper. The dynamic operation of the shoed-brush seals, along with the validation of reliable predictive tools, relies on the appropriate estimation of the seal structural stiffness and energy dissipation features. Single frequency external load tests conducted on a controlled motion test rig and without shaft rotation allow the identification of the structural stiffness and equivalent damping of a 20-pad brush seal, 153 mm in diameter. The seal energy dissipation mechanism, represented by a structural loss factor and a dry friction coefficient, characterizes the energy dissipated by the bristles and the dry friction interaction of the brush seal bristles rubbing against each other. The physical model used reproduces well the measured system motions, even for frequencies well above the identification range.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Feasibility of using social networking technologies for health research among men who have sex with men: a mixed methods study.

This study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of using social networking as a health research platform among men who have sex with men (MSM). Fifty-five MSM (primarily African American and Latino) were invited to join a “secret” group on the social networking website, Facebook. Peer leaders, trained in health education, posted health-related content to groups. The study and analysis used mixed (qualitative and quantitative) methods. Facebook conversations were thematically analyzed. Latino and African-American participants voluntarily used social networking to discuss health-related knowledge and personal topics (exercise, nutrition, mental health, disease prevention, and substance abuse) with other group participants (N=564 excerpts). Although Latinos comprised 60% of the sample and African Americans 25.5%, Latinos contributed 82% of conversations and African Americans contributed only 15% of all conversations. Twenty-four percent (24%) of posts from Latinos and 7% of posts from African Americans were related to health topics. Results suggest that Facebook is an acceptable and engaging platform for facilitating and documenting health discussions for mixed methods research among MSM. An understanding of population differences is needed for crafting effective online social health interventions.
Automating Idaho's Libraries

The history of library automation in Idaho is illustrative of the course of library automation throughout the United States. Idaho's effort to automate its libraries is the story of cooperative ventures designed to help libraries work together to further their own interests. The role of LSCA, the Idaho State Library, the geography, and other unique characteristics of the state, as well as the role of WLN, are examined.
Reaction of C5Me5(CO)2Re(HCCCH3)with Ph3C+PF6− produces the η3-allyl complex C5Me5(CO) 2 Re[η3-Ph2CC(Ph)CHCH3]+PF6−

Abstract The reaction of C5Me5(CO)2Re(HCCCH3) (3) with Ph3C0+PF6− led to an unusual rearrangement and the formation of the π-allyl complex C5Me5(CO)2Re[η3-Ph2CC(Ph)CHCH3]+PF6− (4). This transformation, involves addition of trityl to the η3-allyl system, a migration resulting in attachment of methyl and hydrogen to the same carbon, and a phenyl migration.
Measurement of contact potential difference between metals in liquid environments

Abstract Investigation was made of the feasibility of using the vibrating capacitor technique to measure contact potential differences in liquid environments. Many difficulties were encountered under certain types of liquids while very accurate and stable measurements could be made under other liquids. Typical experiments are described and possible explanations for the effects of liquid type and reference electrode vibration on contact potential difference measurements are presented.
The efficacy of group and individual cognitive therapy for mild depression

Eighteen mildly depressed subjects were randomly assigned to group or individual cognitive therapy. Twenty mildly depressed subjects were later recruited to serve as delayed treatment controls. Beck's cognitive therapy of depression was provided in a 6-week format by five graduate student therapists. Subjects were assessed before and after the 6-week treatment or waiting period using the Beck Depression Inventory, the D30 Depression Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance determined that there was a significant treatment by time interaction. Subjects who received individual therapy improved more than subjects in the group and delayed treatment conditions. There were no statistically significant differences between subjects in the group and delayed treatment conditions, though subjects who received group therapy tended to show greater improvement than the controls..
Atmosphere change of vacuum to hydrogen and sharpness of {110}〈001〉 texture in thin-gaged 3 Pct Si-Fe alloy strips

Heating in vacuum finally resulted in a main {100}〈uvw〉 texture and a trace of {111}〈uvw〉 texture. However, the texture was changed to the {110}〈001〉 texture when the strip was heated in hydrogen or when the vaccuum was changed to hydrogen at a temperature Tc. As Tc increased, the sharpness of the {110}〈001〉 texture increased, resulting in the high magnetic induction. This can be understood in the light of surface segregation kinetics of sulfur.
Soybean yield response to benomyl fungicide application under maximum yield conditions.

The results indicate that yield reductions due to Septoria brown spot vary by genotype, but are not associated specifically with plant type (determine vs. indeterminate). Yield increases from benomyl treatment tended to be greater in 17-cm row width than in 75-cm row width. This research indicates that control of foliar diseases, such as Septoria brown spot, can significantly increase the yield potential of high yielding soybean under conditions of frequent wetting of the foliage, either by frequent rainfall or irrigation, and should be an important component of a maximum-yield research or production system
A Schnurri/Mad/Medea complex attenuates the dorsal-twist gradient readout at vnd

Morphogen gradients are used in developing embryos, where they subdivide a field of cells into territories characterized by distinct cell fate potentials. Such systems require both a spatially-graded distribution of the morphogen, and an ability to encode different responses at different target genes. However, the potential for different temporal responses is also present because morphogen gradients typically provide temporal cues, which may be a potential source of conflict. Thus, a low threshold response adapted for an early temporal onset may be inappropriate when the desired spatial response is a spatially-limited, high-threshold expression pattern. Here, we identify such a case with the Drosophila vnd locus, which is a target of the dorsal (dl) nuclear concentration gradient that patterns the dorsal/ventral (D/V) axis of the embryo. The vnd gene plays a critical role in the “ventral dominance” hierarchy of vnd, ind, and msh, which individually specify distinct D/V neural columnar fates in increasingly dorsal ectodermal compartments. The role of vnd in this regulatory hierarchy requires early temporal expression, which is characteristic of low-threshold responses, but its specification of ventral neurogenic ectoderm demands a relatively high-threshold response to dl. We show that the Neurogenic Ectoderm Enhancer (NEE) at vnd takes additional input from the complementary Dpp gradient via a conserved Schnurri/Mad/Medea silencer element (SSE) unlike NEEs at brk, sog, rho, and vn. These results show how requirements for conflicting temporal and spatial responses to the same gradient can be solved by additional inputs from complementary gradients.
The Archaeology of Historic Battlefields: A History and Theoretical Development in Conflict Archaeology

In the last two and a half decades there have been many advances in the technology available to archaeologists. As new technologies have been used to challenge previously held hypotheses and expand the capabilities of current research, they also have assisted the expansion of archaeology to include conflict archaeology. Although there has been a long history of interest in the material remains of conflict, it is only recently that the necessary tools, methodology, and theoretical approaches have been combined to allow serious scientific contributions to the holistic study of past human conflict. This article provides an overview of the origins of conflict archaeology and research that has helped consolidate the subfield into its present form. We examine the current state of conflict studies and consider what lies ahead for conflict archaeology.
A penny-shaped cohesive crack model for material damage

Abstract A novel micromechanics based damage model is proposed to address failure mechanism of defected solids with randomly distributed penny-shaped cohesive micro-cracks (Barenblatt–Dugdale type). Energy release contribution to the material damage process is estimated in a representative volume element (RVE) under macro hydrostatic stress state. Macro-constitutive relations of RVE are derived via self-consistent homogenization scheme, and they are characterized by effective nonlinear elastic properties and a class of pressure sensitive plasticity which depends on crack opening volume fraction and Poisson’s ratio. Several distinguished features of the present model are compared with Gurson model and Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) model, showing that the proposed model can better capture material degradation and catastrophic failure due to cohesive micro-crack growth and coalescence.
When it hurts, a positive attitude may help: association of positive affect with daily walking in knee osteoarthritis. Results from a multicenter longitudinal cohort study.

Objective While depressive symptoms and knee pain are independently known to impede daily walking in older adults, it is unknown whether positive affect promotes daily walking. This study investigated this association among adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and examined whether knee pain modified this association. Methods This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study. We included 1,018 participants (mean ± SD age 63.1 ± 7.8 years, 60% women) who had radiographic knee OA and had worn a StepWatch monitor to record their number of steps per day. High and low positive affect and depressive symptoms were based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Knee pain was categorized as present in respondents who reported pain on most days at both a clinic visit and a telephone screening. Results Compared to respondents with low positive affect (27% of all respondents), those with high positive affect (63%) walked a similar number of steps per day, while those with depressive symptoms (10%) walked less (adjusted β −32.6 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) −458.9, 393.8] and −579.1 [95% CI −1,274.9, 116.7], respectively). There was a statistically significant interaction of positive affect by knee pain (P = 0.0045). Among the respondents with knee pain (39%), those with high positive affect walked significantly more steps per day (adjusted β 711.0 [95% CI 55.1, 1,366.9]) than those with low positive affect. Conclusion High positive affect was associated with more daily walking among adults with painful knee OA. Positive affect may be an important psychological factor to consider for promoting physical activity among people with painful knee OA.
Dynamic Response of Ruptured Conductors in Transmission Lines

Peak broken conductor loads on supporting towers in a transmission line can be estimated by a number of approximate impact factor formulae. In addition to being inaccurate, such peak load values are not sufficient to predict damage to the towers. Meaningful damage predictions require that the time history of the load be known. The proposed numerical technique produces broken conductor load histories for any line configuration.
Reaction Kinetics for the Heterogeneously Catalyzed Esterification of Succinic Acid with Ethanol

The reaction kinetics of the reversible esterification reaction of succinic acid with ethanol to form monoethyl and diethyl succinate are presented. The reaction was studied in batch isothermal experiments catalyzed by macroporous Amberlyst-15 ion-exchange resin. Experimental data were obtained between 78 and 120 °C at different mole ratios of ethanol to succinic acid and at ion-exchange resin catalyst concentrations from 1 to 5 wt % of solution. Kinetic modeling was performed using a pseudohomogeneous mole fraction model which acceptably fits the experimental data. The kinetic model is useful for the design and simulation of processes such as reactive distillation for diethyl succinate formation.
Contour Dynamics of Tornado-like Vortices.

Abstract Contour dynamics (CD) is applied to study the mechanism responsible for the breakup of an isolated tornado-like vortex into multiple vortices, the nonlinear interaction between a tornado and its parent storm, and the impact of tornadoes, which are subgrid features in any existing prediction model, on the more resolvable storm-scale motion.The genesis of the multiple vortex via the linear and eventually nonlinear barotropic/inertial instability of an observed tornado's mean tangential wind profile is studied in unprecedented detail using a high-resolution CD model. The most unstable eigenmodes obtained from the linear stability analyses were used as the initial perturbations to initialize the CD model. Despite that multiple vortices at the fully nonlinear stage bear little resemblance to the linear eigenmode structure, it is found that normal-mode barotropic/inertial instability can, indeed, trigger the formation of these vortices. In addition, the number of the secondary vortices identified in th...
Solvolysis-decomposition of 2-adamantyl chloroformate: evidence for two reaction pathways.

Reaction of 2-adamantyl chloroformate under a variety of solvolytic conditions leads to 2-adamantyl chloride accompanied by solvolysis products, some with and some without retention of the CO2 unit. For example, in 100% ethanol, only 4.8% 2-adamantyl chloride is formed with the mixed carbonate (88%) being the dominant product, and in 100% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, the products are both formed with loss of CO2, 59% of the chloride and 41% of the ether. With exclusion of the specific rates in 100% and 90% ethanol and methanol, a good Grunwald−Winstein plot against YCl values (solvent ionizing power) is obtained, with a slope of 0.47 ± 0.03. The results are compared with those reported earlier for 1-adamantyl chloroformate and isopropyl chloroformate and mechanistic conclusions are drawn.
Verbal listening skill in the interview and personal characteristics of the listeners

Verbal listening skill test scores were found to correlate significantly (N = 29, p < .05) and positively with scores on three tests of the Employee Aptitude Survey Battery: verbal comprehension (r =.46), numerical reasoning (r =.36), and verbal reasoning (r =.42). The multiple correlation of .52 was achieved when either reasoning test score was combined with the verbal comprehension test score to predict verbal listening accuracy. There were no significant correlations (N = 44) with verbal listening accuracy for the scales of the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey, the Thurstone Interest Schedule, or the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale.
Comparison of nonlinear least squares and log transformation procedures for calculating volatilization coefficients

Abstract A nonlinear least squares procedure and a log transformation procedure for calculating first-order rate coefficients from experimental concentration-versus-time data were compared using laboratory measurements of the volatilization from water of 1,1,1-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane and the absorption of oxygen by water. Ratios of the nonlinear least squares to log transformation volatilization and absorption coefficients for 77 tests ranged from 0.955 to 1.08 and averaged 1.01. Comparison of the maximum, minimum, and mean root-mean-square errors of prediction for six sets of coefficients showed that the errors for the nonlinear least squares procedure were almost always smaller than the errors for the log transformation procedure.
A study of lysyl-ribonucleic acid synthetase in relation to substrate conformation.

Abstract The substrate specificity of a purified lysyl-ribonucleic acid synthetase of Escherichia coli 9723 has been studied by determining the effects of a group of lysine analogs upon ( a ) the enzymic transfer of lysine- 14 C to soluble ribonucleic acid and ( b ) lysine-dependent ATP-pyrophosphate exchange. At relatively high levels, 4-oxalysine, 2,6-diamino-4-hexynoic acid, and trans -4-dehydrolysine (but not cis -4-dehydrolysine) replace lysine in catalyzing the exchange reaction. Oxalysine, 2,6-diamino-4-hexynoic acid, and trans -dehydrolysine inhibit enzymic transfer of lysine to soluble ribonucleic acid; the cis -isomer also inhibits lysine utilization but is less effective than the trans -isomer and other analogues. Thus the activation of lysine appears to require a conformation in which the 3 and 6 carbons are in a trans -like position, but binding with the enzyme can occur with other conformations.
Models for the Rapidly Rotating Be Star Achernar

We present models for the Be star Achernar (α Eri), which recent interferometric observations have shown has a photospheric shape that is significantly distorted by the effects of rotation. The models are two-dimensional, axisymmetric configurations, constructed using a new version of the self-consistent field (SCF) method for computing the structure of a rapidly, differentially rotating star. Our revised SCF technique does not suffer from the computational difficulties that affected previous implementations of the method, yielding converged stellar models regardless of mass. For models with masses like those of main sequence stars of mid- to early-B spectral type, it is possible to reproduce Achernar's inferred equatorial and polar dimensions through a combination of rotational flattening/distension and suitable inclination of the rotation axis. However, while matching Achernar's apparent shape, these models are discrepant in other respects, being (on average) cooler and more rapidly rotating than observations indicate.
MUCUS IS NOT DEPOSITED WITHIN ENDOTRACHEAL TUBES DURING INTRATRACHEAL PULMONARY VENTILATION (ITPV). 313

We have previously observed that endotracheal tubes (ETT) in sheep on mechanical ventilation (MV), combined with ITPV, invariably remained free of mucus; and never required suctioning. This study attempts to elucidate its mechanism. In ITPV, all fresh gas is introduced through a small reverse thrust catheter (RTC), which is advanced through the ETT to the distal level of the ETT, close to the carina. The distal tip of the RTC is closed, with all gas exiting at a high velocity in a direction away from the carina, forming a venturi. Methods: 14 young female sheep (27.79±3.29kg) were anaestethized, paralyzed, and intubated with a #8 ETT of known weight. The carotid artery and the jugular vein were cannulated for hemodynamic measurements and blood sampling. Sheep were ventilated in the prone position, without suctioning. Animals were randomly assigned to two groups: Group A: seven sheep were ventilated with ITPV; 6ml/h of normal saline was added to the ITPV gas flow, delivered by a roller pump; VE 9.5 to 14 l/min, VT 10 ml/kg, RR 15 to 20 bpm, FiO2 0.3, I:E 1:2, PEEP 6 to 8 cm H2O, with CO2 added to sustain normocapnia. Group B: seven sheep were ventilated with volume controlled ventilation (VC), VT 10 ml/kg, RR 10 to 18 pbm, FiO2 0.3, I:E 1:2, PEEP 6 cm H2O. Standard Concha humidifiers were used in all studies. Following 72h of MV, the animals were sacrificed, the tracheae were exposed and inspected. The ETTs were weighed after wiping off any adhering saliva from the outer surface. Air flow pressure drop along the ETTs (▵Pres) was measured in vitro at a flow of 60 l/min. Results: Blood gases and circulatory status did not change in either group. The weight of the ETTs increased by 0.7± 0.141 g in group A, and 2.443±0.812 g in group B (P<0.001). ▵Pres were 6.157 ± 0.535, and 15.343±5.282, and 5.22 cm H2O/l/sec in groups A, B, and in a new 8mm ETT, respectively. Layers of yellowish or greenish mucus were found in the ETTs of group B; those of group A appeared clean. Gross appearance of tracheae and lungs were normal in both groups. Conclusion: sheep ventilated with ITPV, with saline added to the RTC, prevented gross mucous depositions within the ETTs, without suctioning, with no rise in airway resistance over the 3 d duration of this study.
Spectroscopy and Photochemical Dynamics of the CF3S Radical

The CF3S radical has been investigated using the LIF and fluorescence depletion techniques. The vibrational structure of the first excited A 2A1 state has been assigned. The photodissociation process at energies above the origin of the A state has been characterized by fluorescence temporal decay and fluorescence depletion spectroscopy. Above the photodissociation threshold, the ratio of the rates for the competing processes of emission and dissociation varies strongly with both energy and vibrational mode.
Simple rules for combining forecasts: Some empirical results

Abstract This study is an empirical comparison of three rules for aggregating forecasts. The three combined forecasts evaluated are: a simple average forecast, a median forecast and a focus forecast. These combined forecasts are compared over four economic variables (housing starts, the index of industrial production, the unemployment rate and gross national product) using a set of previously published forecasts. The results indicate that an average forecast will not perform as well as previous studies indicate if all or most of the individual forecasts tend to over- or under-predict simultaneously. The median forecast also seems to be suspect in this case. There is little evidence to suggest that the median forecast is a viable alternative to the mean forecast. Focus forecasting, however, is found to perform well for all four variables. The evidence indicates that focus forecasting is a reasonable alternative to simple averaging.