cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical study of Ga 2 Se 3 , Ga 2 Te 3 and Ga 2 ( Se 1 - x Te x ) 3 : Band-gap engineering

Abstract The structure and band structure of Ga 2 Se 3 , Ga 2 Te 3 and Ga 2 ( Se 1 - x Te x ) 3 have been investigated systematically, providing a good and extensive foundation for further experimental and theoretical investigations. The upper bound of self-consistent (sc) GW band-gap variation due to vacancy ordering variation for Ga 2 Se 3 and Ga 2 Te 3 is 0.33 and 0.21 eV, respectively, whereas the upper bound of band-gap variation based on GGA (PBE) calculations is larger, 0.55 and 0.51 eV, respectively. Hybrid density functional theory calculations have little effect on the band-gap variation upper bound of Ga 2 Se 3 , but reduce the band-gap variation upper bound of Ga 2 Te 3 by ∼ 0.1 eV (when the default mixing ratio (0.25) is used). Zigzag-line vacancy ordering and straight-line vacancy ordering produce a valence band maximum at the Γ point and not at the Γ point, respectively. The conduction band minimum is at Γ point and not at Γ point for Ga 2 Se 3 and Ga 2 Te 3 , respectively. The calculated scGW band-gaps of mono- Ga 2 Se 3 , ortho- Ga 2 Se 3 , mono- Ga 2 Te 3 and ortho- Ga 2 Te 3 at 0 K are 2.53, 2.20, 1.54 and 1.33 eV, respectively. The calculated band-gap is noticeably dependent on the level of self-consistency of the GW methods. The band-gap is larger for a higher level of self-consistency of the GW method, from G0W0 to scGW. The calculated band-gap curve of Ga 2 ( Se 1 - x Te x ) 3 is noticeably convex downwards. The deviation between our experimental measured band-gap curve and the calculated band-gap curve based on completely disordered anion distribution and straight-line vacancy ordering is small and relatively large at the Te-rich end, for PBE + correction and HSE06, respectively. In addition, our previous method (Huang et al., 2013) based on the shift of plane layer atoms to generate disordered vacancies is extended in this paper to the shift of the zigzag plane layer of atoms, which is important for explaining the cubic symmetry of vacancy-disordered phases.
3.08 – Dune Coasts

A review of the processes of initiation, evolution, dynamics, geomorphology, and location of coastal dunes is provided. Four principal dune types are covered: foredunes, blowouts, parabolic dunes, and transgressive dunefields. The reasons why dunes first form and where they are formed are initially discussed, and it is concluded that dunes can be created on almost any coast in the world as long as some basic conditions are met and the coast is ice free for at least a small portion of time. In terms of location, foredunes can occur on almost all coasts of the world. Blowouts may occur anywhere as well as in conjunction with the other three dune types. Parabolic and transgressive dunefields are predominantly found on high-energy east and west coasts and in arid regions with a significant sediment supply. The initiation mechanisms vary for each dune type, but vegetation presence or absence is a major factor in all cases. The morphodynamics, landform units, and evolutionary patterns are described for the dune types, and the chapter concludes with a brief review of beach–dune interaction models.
Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Low Mental Age.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostic tools are not designed for mental ages (MA) below 12 months. Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) were examined in 2-year-olds with ASD-low MA (n = 53), Global Developmental Delay (GDD; n = 175), and ASD-higher MA (n = 425). ADOS and CARS demonstrated similar agreement with clinical diagnosis, but ADOS over-classified ASD in low MA, whereas CARS both over- and under-classified. All ADOS items differentiated GDD from ASD. Elementary social behaviors (e.g., eye contact, social interest) were similar across ASD groups, although advanced skills (e.g., pointing, play) were more impaired in ASD-low MA. ASD-low MA, a severe presentation, may require a modified ADOS algorithm to account for developmental delays.
Self-control, sleep disturbance, and the mediating role of occupational burnout in married couples:

Although the importance of occupational burnout for sleep has long been recognized, it is largely examined as an individual phenomenon. Because a majority of adults in the U.S. share the bedroom wi...
Die Theorie der IonosphÄre

In Abschnitt 1 werden die physikalischen Eigenschaften, wie LeitfAhigkeit, Dispersion, Absorption usw., quantenmechanisch fur ein Medium aus freien Elektronen und Masseteilchen (positive oder negative Ionen, neutrale Atome oder Molekule) untersucht, das sich in dem einfach periodischen elektrischen Feld der einfallenden Welle und einem konstanten Au\eren Magnetfeld befindet. In Abschnitt 2 wird die uberlegung auf das spezielle Problem der IonosphAre angewendet; hierbei ergeben sich allgemeine Formeln fur Brechungsindex und Polarisation. Die genaue Auswertung der Ausdrucke fur Dispersion, Absorption und Polarisation ist nur fur ein „IonosphArenmodell“, das aus Elektronen und positiven Ionen besteht, ausgefuhrt worden. Abschnitt 3 behandelt die moglichen Zusammensetzungen und Temperaturen der oberen AtmosphAre, wie sie sich bei einem Vergleich aus Beobachtung und Theorie ergeben. Im Schlu\abschnitt wird der Quantelungseffekt diskutiert, der von dem Au\eren Magnetfeld auf die Elektronenbewegung in der Ionosph induziert wird.
Predictive Score of Adverse Events After Carotid Endarterectomy: The NSQIP Registry Carotid Endarterectomy Scale

Background The goal of this study was to create a comprehensive, integer‐weighted predictive scale of adverse events after carotid endarterectomy (CEA), which may augment risk stratification and pa...
Origin of an Early Upper Palaeolithic obsidian burin at Ksar Akil (Lebanon): Evidence of increased connectivity ahead of the Levantine Aurignacian?

Abstract Given the importance of the Levant in understanding the origins and dispersals of modern humans, there has been great interest in archaeological evidence to support population movements between the Levant and adjacent regions. The link, if any, between the Aurignacian tradition across Europe and the “Levantine Aurignacian” is a particular focus. Ksar Akil in Lebanon not only is one of the most deeply stratified Levantine sites but also has the longest record of Upper Paleolithic behaviors, so it is a benchmark to which developments in the Levant are often compared. Schmidt and Zimmermann (2019) recently proposed that the European Aurignacian tradition might best be understood in terms of connectivity, as evidenced by long-distance lithic transfers that can act as a proxy for mobility and social networks. Here we document a previously unreported obsidian burin from Ksar Akil. Portable X-ray fluorescence reveals that it matches a source ≥700 km away on foot in central Turkey. Two recent dating programs have calculated ages of ~41–38 and ~39–37 ka cal BP for its layer, which also included an obsidian flake and immediately precedes the Levantine Aurignacian at the site. The obsidian artifacts from Ksar Akil are roughly contemporaneous obsidian from Yabroud Rockshelter II in Syria and Shanidar Cave in Iraq. Such instances of long-distance obsidian transport imply that connectivity might have risen ahead of the Levantine and Zagros Aurignacian. Unfortunately, due to the limited chronological resolution of older excavations at these sites, only at Ksar Akil can we have confidence that the layer containing obsidian artifacts immediately precedes the earliest Levantine Aurignacian sensu stricto layer. Given the apparent rarity of obsidian in the Levant, this region will benefit from endeavors to nondestructively source other toolstone materials as a means to create datasets similar to those recently used to model cultural areas of the European Aurignacian.
The Concept of Mental Illness: Explanation or Justification?

Why does the concept of ‘mental illness’ cause continuing difficulties, both philosophical and practical? There are, as I have tried to show for the past twenty years, several reasons for this [7, 11, 12, 14] .
Endocrine treatment of transgender individuals: current guidelines and strategies.

This review summarizes gender affirming medical and surgical care available to transgender individuals, along with proposals to improve medically and culturally appropriate care. Transgender indivi...
Device Prototype for Vaginal Delivery of Extremely Preterm Fetuses in the Breech Presentation.

Vaginal delivery is typically avoided in the extremely preterm breech population due to the concern of entrapment by the cervix of the aftercoming head. A mechanical device concept is presented to enable vaginal delivery by preventing retraction of the cervix against the fetus during delivery. The two-part device was designed to dilate the cervix, prevent prolapse of small fetal parts and maintain sufficient dilation during delivery. The two-part device was designed and manufactured with the following modules: an inflatable saline-filled cervical balloon for dilation and a cervical retractor composed of semirigid beams to stabilize the cervix and maintain adequate dilation. The device was tested using a cervical phantom designed to simulate the compressive force the cervix exerts. The cervical balloon reached a maximum dilation of 8.5 cm, after which there was leakage of saline from the balloon. While this dilation was less than the target goal of 10 cm, the leaking was attributed to prototype manufacturing defects, which could be resolved with further development. The cervical retractor was able to withstand between 1-3 kPa. Although estimates of cervical pressure values can be upward of 30 kPa, there are no in vivo measurements to formally identify the pressure values for patients in preterm labor. This device serves as a viable proof-of-concept for utilizing an inflatable balloon device to prevent cervical retraction in the setting of extremely preterm vaginal breech delivery. Further manufacturing improvements and design changes could improve the device for continued development and testing.
Using genomic DNA copies to enumerate Mycobacterium tuberculosis load in macaque tissue samples

It is important to accurately quantify Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) load in laboratory-based tuberculosis (TB) research. This study aims to determine if real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and digital PCR (dPCR) can be used instead of colony forming unit (CFU) enumeration, to quantify Mtb load in rhesus and cynomolgus macaque tissue samples. Tissue samples of actively infected high Mtb-burden rhesus and cynomolgus macaques were selected from historic sample collections. CFUs were enumerated by plating, and Chelex-extracted genomic DNA used to quantify bacterial load by qPCR and dPCR. Three genes, sigA, 16S and CFP10, were assessed for their ability to quantify Mtb. All genes showed comparable quantification of Mtb between 2 and 20 000 copies/μl in the qPCR and 5-4000 copies/μl in the dPCR assay. The highest bacterial load was observed with dPCR, followed by qPCR, and CFU enumeration. Although the CFU count was consistently lower than the genomic copy numbers predicted by qPCR and dPCR, a significant correlation was observed. Quantification of Mtb by PCR was, however, only possible in higher-Mtb-load samples, suggesting that qPCR and dPCR quantification assays can predict bacterial load in actively infected and higher-Mtb-burden macaque tissue samples.
Noninvasive ventilation use in pediatric status asthmaticus.

Introduction: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is sometimes used in refractory pediatric status asthmaticus for its potential benefits of stenting airways and dispersing albuterol. However, its effect...
Manganese-based permanent magnet materials

Abstract Manganese-based permanent magnetic materials have become an area of significant research activity in recent years as a potential alternative to permanent magnets based on Rare Earth (RE) metals. Manganese compounds are capable of achieving a relatively high energy product, BH, when processed to have a strong texture. Research has identified three promising compounds for Mn-based permanent magnets: Mn-Ga, Mn-Bi, and Mn-Al. While calculations show that these compounds cannot achieve the theoretical maximum energy products, (BH)max, of RE magnets, current research suggests than they can fill the property gap between inexpensive, but low-performance, ferrites and expensive high-performance RE magnets. Many researchers have produced Mn-based magnets through a variety of methods that fall into three basic categories: bulk processing, particulate processing, and thin film deposition. This review discusses the various processing methods for each compound and their impact on the microstructure and resulting magnetic properties. We also present unresolved questions and outline opportunities for future research.
Teaching for learning with technology: a faculty development initiative at a research university

This paper reviews recent literature addressing the state of technology in higher education as a backdrop for a faculty development program offered annually at Northwestern. First, we will present the state of technology related to teaching in three areas: (1) the varied institutional interest in technology, (2) the variance in faculty engagement with technology, and (3) factors that influence faculty acceptance of technology. Next, we will introduce Northwestern's response to the need for faculty development related to technology, the 5-day Teaching and Learning with Technology workshop. Finally, we will present data gathered over two years that demonstrates how pedagogically-driven technology training can enhance teaching and encourage faculty to embrace technology in teaching to accomplish pedagogically-based learning objectives.
Metallochaperones & Metal Ion Homeostasis

There exists a large array of proteins that rely on metal ions such as copper and manganese for function and these so-called metalloproteins are housed in diverse locations throughout the cell. It is imperative that each metalloprotein connects with the proper metal ion and also at the right time. How does this meeting of protein and metal occur in a specific and regulated fashion? The problem seems paramount when one considers the potentially toxic nature of metals. With the harm that metals can impose on biomolecules, these ions are never allowed to roam freely in the reactive form and, as such, the bioavailability of metals within cells is very limited. To overcome this problem, eukaryote cells have evolved with specific ‘metal trafficking pathways’ or designated routes a metal ion can follow once inside the cell. On one hand, the bulk of the metal may be subject to a dead fate involving sequestration by metal detoxification systems. On the other hand, a fraction of the metal destined for metalloproteins enters a trafficking pathway that involves both membrane transporters and ‘metal chaperones’ that directly insert the metal into the target metalloprotein. The bulk of current knowledge on metal chaperones and metal trafficking pathways has emerged from studies on copper and to a lesser degree on manganese. The work described herein focuses on paradigms developed for copper and manganese, with possible implications for other essential metals as well. Keywords: copper; manganese; SOD1; SOD2; mitochondria; Golgi; chaperones; transporters; cytochrome c oxidase; CCS; ATX1
“I want to do Teach for America, not become a teacher.”

It’s common to hear a student say, “I want to do Teach for America (TFA), not become a teacher.” Though the implied terse sentiment about teaching is something we increasingly hear on our liberal arts campus, the way students articulate and emphasize a difference between doing and becoming is telling. In this paper, we focus on how TFA has and continues to compromise the way many think about K-12 education and teacher education programs. Specifically, we seek to highlight the contradictions between the way TFA trains teachers ( doing ) and the role the liberal arts can play in teacher education programs ( becoming ). As many of TFA corps members come from liberal arts campuses, articulating these contradictions is important so that we are able to speak back to the allure of TFA and popular narratives about teaching/education.
Place-Based Knowledge in the Twenty-First Century

This study investigates how information and geographic space can be connected to a concept called place-based knowledge that can be applied within a journalistic framework of how we see journalism practice, news producers, consumers, and the news experience within this light. This connection of geographic space with place-based knowledge can form a unique concept called spatial journalism that is the main premise of this article. Future research directions are explored using this concept and implications of this approach are discussed for the future of the academy and profession.
Verification of stochastic tram model based on real traffic data

This paper describes verification of the stochastic tram model developed from a real traffic conditions data. The trams traffic data are measured on the real tram line. The model can reliable simulates power flow, overhead line losses and energy storage system efficiency.
THE EFFECT OF RATE AND DIRECTION OF DISPLAY MOVEMENT UPON VISUAL SEARCH.

A study was undertaken to determine the effects of rate and direction of display movement upon the time to find alphabetical targets. Subjects searched for targets which always remained present in a display which moved but did not change.Display speeds somewhat faster than 8 degrees/sec angular velocity (2 in./sec viewed at 15 in.) were associated with decrements in performance. At higher rates of movement, search times for horizontally-moving displays were lower than those for vertically-moving displays.It is recommended that high-speed displays move horizontally when compatible with other system needs.
Sense of place: A process for identifying and negotiating potentially contested visions of sustainability

Abstract This article identifies opportunities and challenges to using sense of place as motivation for long-term stewardship at multiple spatial scales in a rapidly changing world. Sense of place reflects processes by which individuals or groups identify, attach to, depend on, and modify places, as well as the meanings, values, and feelings that individuals or groups associate with a place. These associations with place are fluid through time as they are felt, imagined, interpreted, and understood. Sense of place appears to most strongly motivate stewardship actions at local scales under circumstances where people value a place for the same reasons, and the conditions of the place are deteriorating. We suggest that well-recognized actions that build place attachment could create a reservoir of potential stewardship, if locally valued places were to deteriorate, as, for example, in response to climate change. Sense of place does not always promote stewardship, however, because attitudes may not lead to actions, some actions do not promote sustainability, and different place identities in the same place may lead to different stewardship goals (e.g., conservation vs. development). In situations where sense of place is deeply contested, we suggest that stewardship is best fostered by transparent and respectful dialogue to identify shared values and concerns and negotiate areas of disagreement. As a result of increased human mobility and globalization, individuals interact with many places to satisfy their desires and needs. We suggest that this opens new opportunities to motivate stewardship of types of places at regional, national, and global scales. Approaches such as discourse analysis, boundary concepts, incompletely theorized agreement, and common property theory that explicitly address contested concepts might contribute significantly to fostering sustainability in a rapidly changing and deeply divided world.
The evaluation of an experimental porcine herpesvirus 1 (Aujeszky's disease virus) subunit vaccine in mice

Abstract Porcine herpesvirus 1 (PHV-1) antigens were extracted from virus-infected cells using the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. A single vaccination with these viral antigens in Freund's incomplete adjuvant resulted in the production of neutralizing antibody and a cellular immune response in mice. An 87% rate of protection was observed in these mice upon challenge with a lethal dose of PHV-1. A second vaccination given at day 21 resulted in higher levels of neutrilizing antibody and 100% protection of vaccinated mice upon challenge with virulent PHV-1.
Incommensurately Modulated Polar Structures in Antiferroelectric Tin-Modified Lead Zirconate Titanate: II, Dependence of Structure-Property Relations on Tin Content

Studies of the structure-property relations in Pb0.98Nb0.02- [(Zr1-xSnx)0.97Ti3]1-zO3 (PZST x/3/2) were performed for 0 0.15). Evidence will be presented that incommensurately modulated structures become pinned into long-lived metastable states by quenched tin impurities, rather than evolving toward a commensurate phase. Maximum electrically induced strains (epsilon) and polarizations (P) were found in the compositional range of x similar/congruent 0.15, where FEr and AFEin regions coexisted. Values of epsilon as large as 0.5% were found at field strengths of 0.15, an induced AFE-FE transition was evident. However, no indications of a secondary FE-FE transition were observed. Large epsilon values were not induced until field levels significantly greater than that required to induced polarization saturation were obtained, which indicates a decoupling of epsilon and P.
CHARACTERIZATION OF ADULT HUMAN PROSTATIC EPITHELIAL-CELLS IMMORTALIZED BY POLYBRENE-INDUCED DNA TRANSFECTION WITH A PLASMID CONTAINING AN ORIGIN-DEFECTIVE SV40-GENOME

Normal adult human prostatic epithelial cells were infected with an adenovirus 12-SV40 virus or transfected by polybrene-induced gene transfer with a plasmid (pRSV-T) containing the SV40 early region genes or with a plasmid (pRNS-1) containing an origin-defective SV40 genome and a plasmid carrying the neomycin resistance gene. Colonies of morphologically altered cells were isolated, cultured in a serum-free medium and characterized. These cells had extended lifespan in culture compared to normal adult human prostatic epithelial cells. Both Ad12-SV40-infected and pRSV-T-transfected cultures eventually underwent senescence. pRNS-1-transfected cells (pRNS-1-1), however, have now been grown for more than 50 passages. These cells contain the SV40 genome, express SV40 T-antigen, and are not tumorigenic in nude mice. They express cytokeratins 5 and 8, like the parent cells, and are pseudodiploid. Analysis of growth regulatory processes revealed that the growth of pRNS-1-1 cells was stimulated similarly to that of normal prostatic epithelial cells by epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and pituitary extract. The response of pRNS-1 cells to a growth-inhibitory factor, retinoic acid, was also similar to that of normal cells. However, pRNS-1-1 cells were less responsive than normal cells to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor-beta, and had lost altogether the ability of normal cells to be inhibited by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3. Therefore transformation appeared to alter growth-inhibitory but not growth - stimulatory mechanisms. These cells should be useful in elucidating the multistep mechanism of carcinogenesis of the prostate.
An intranasal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza in healthy children was cost effective

Source Citation Luce BR, Zangwill KM, Palmer CS, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of an intranasal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza in healthy children. Pediatrics. 2001 Aug;108:...
Nonlinear electromechanical coupling behavior of 1–3 piezoelectric composites

Abstract In this paper the orientation dependence of the electromechanical response of 1–3 piezoelectric composites with PZT5A1 fibers embedded in epoxy matrix are investigated under an AC field. The PZT fibers are initially poled along the axial direction, and when the electric field is applied to the composite at an angle θ with respect to the fiber axis, its nonlinear electromechanical response is measured as a function of θ at 0, 30, 45, 60 and finally 90°. It is found that the magnitude of the electric displacement and mechanical strain of the 1–3 system all decease with θ and the electrical response diminishes to zero at 90°. Then a two-level micromechanics model is developed to study the overall hysteresis of the electric displacement vs. the electric field, and the butterfly-shaped axial strain vs. the electric field. The first level of the model involves a thermodynamically based evolution of the product domain from the parent one in the PZT fibers, and the second one treats the PZT fibers and the inactive polymer as a two-phase composite. In each case the electromechanical interaction of the two constituent phases are fully accounted for. The two-level micromechanics model is then applied to calculate the hysteresis behavior of the PZT/epoxy composite at the tested orientations of θ, and it is observed that comparisons between our experimental data and theoretical calculations are in reasonable agreement.
Improved volume intersection methods for 3D object modeling

Abstract An improved volume intersection method for constructing 3D models is presented. The 3D modeling scheme is the basis of a unified approach for the prediction of multisensory imagery and features. A modifiedvolume-surface octree is used for the simulations of the physical processes that affect the generation of visual, thermal and laser radar imagery. The accuracy of the object model is improved by a new technique thatdetects and eliminates false volumes in octrees constructed from silhouettes. This technique partitions the input silhouettes at concavities based on line drawing information. The partitioned silhouettes form the three principal views for each of a number of subparts of the object. Octrees are constructed for each subpartand a union operation is used to combine these subparts. Examples of the improved object model and the multisensory imagery produced by this scheme are presented. 1. Introduction In this paper an improvement to a 3D modeling scheme capable of predicting various types of images ispresented. Preliminary work by Oh, et al, [1], developed an approach to thermal and visual image generation
Overuse injuries of the upper extremity in baseball.

Overuse injuries of the upper extremity are more frequent than acute injuries in baseball players. Throwing is a strenuous activity that places the upper extremity at risk for the development of overuse injuries. Throwing requires excessive motion, stability, and muscular coordination of the shoulder and elbow. The high forces generated at the shoulder and elbow can compromise the balance between motion and stability, leading to injury of the dynamic and static restraints of the shoulder and elbow. A review of the more common overuse injuries in the mature skeleton is presented.
Open Source software in medical informatics--why, how and what.

'Open Source' is a 20-40 year old approach to licensing and distributing software that has recently burst into public view. Against conventional wisdom this approach has been wildly successful in the general software market--probably because the openness lets programmers the world over obtain, critique, use, and build upon the source code without licensing fees. Linux, a UNIX-like operating system, is the best known success. But computer scientists at the University of California, Berkeley began the tradition of software sharing in the mid 1970s with BSD UNIX and distributed the major internet network protocols as source code without a fee. Medical informatics has its own history of Open Source distribution: Massachusetts General's COSTAR and the Veterans Administration's VISTA software have been distributed as source code at no cost for decades. Bioinformatics, our sister field, has embraced the Open Source movement and developed rich libraries of open-source software. Open Source has now gained a tiny foothold in health care (OSCAR GEHR, OpenEMed). Medical informatics researchers and funding agencies should support and nurture this movement. In a world where open-source modules were integrated into operational health care systems, informatics researchers would have real world niches into which they could engraft and test their software inventions. This could produce a burst of innovation that would help solve the many problems of the health care system. We at the Regenstrief Institute are doing our part by moving all of our development to the open-source model.
Synchronous carcinomas of the uterine corpus and ovary

Abstract The coexistence of carcinoma in the endometrium and ovary is a relatively uncommon but not rare occurrence. In general it has not been possible to determine which, if any, of these tumors represent metastases from endometrium or ovary or separate primary neoplasms, and gynecologists are unable to agree upon appropriate therapy. Twenty-four women with synchronous carcinomas of the ovary and endometrium in whom disease was confined to the pelvis, diagnosed at the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center between 1970 and 1982, were identified. Thirteen women had typical endometrial adenocarcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary (Group A), two had unusual variants of endometrial carcinoma and a similar appearing tumor in the ovary (Group B), and nine had typical endometrial adenocarcinoma with carcinomas in the ovary of differing histologic appearance (Group C). There was no significant difference in survival between women in Groups A and C (77 and 56%, respectively, mean follow-up approximately 40 months). However, deep myometrial invasion (outer third) provided a statistically significant indicator of poor prognosis (77% with deep invasion vs 17% with superficial invasion recurred or died of disease P 2 test).
Worker Turnover in the 1920s: What Labor-Supply Arguments Don't Tell Us

This article investigates the decline in turnover of manufacturing workers in the United States that occurred in the 1920s. Three labor-supply explanations are evaluated using aggregate data on manufacturing workers and case studies of four manufacturing firms. The labor-supply analysis does not yield a satisfying explanation of the decline in quit rates of manufacturing workers. The suggestion is made that an examination of firms' employment policies is necessary to explain why workers were quitting their jobs less frequently. In the 1920s turnover rates of American manufacturing workers fell substantially. Annual separation rates (that is, quits, layoffs, and dis
THE ASYMMETRIC LATERALIZATION OF TACTILE EXTINCTION IN PATIENTS WITH UNILATERAL CEREBRAL DYSFUNCTION

Two hundred and thirty-four patients with unilateral cerebral pathology and 175 control subjects were examined with a sensitive test for tactile extinction. Damage to the right hemisphere was associated with extinction slightly (but not significantly) more often than damage to the left hemisphere; the asymmetry may be due to selective exclusion of aphasics with damage to the left hemisphere. Extinction of the left side of the body, however, was significantly more common than of the right side; this asymmetry could not be accounted for by exclusion of untestable aphasics, but was a consequence of frequent ipsilateral (left side) extinction among the group with damage to the left hemisphere while the group with damage to the right hemisphere extinguished the contralateral (left) side almost exclusively. Although the hemispheres as a whole did not differ in their association with extinction, lesions in the right parietal lobe were significantly more effective in producing extinction than lesions in the left; in both cases the contralateral side of the body was affected. By contrast, lesions in the left frontal lobe were moderately but not significantly more effective in producing extinction than right frontal damage; in almost all these cases the left side of the body was affected, regardless of which frontal lobe was damaged. A relationship between extinction and pathology in the vicinity of the anterior callosum, as determined from CT scan and angiography, was found among the frontal cases. We propose an anatomical model to explain tactile extinction and its asymetric characteristics in the human. During the extinction tests a response mechanism in the left (speech) hemisphere bases its perceptual output on the relative strengths of two simultaneous sensory inputs. Damage at any point in the channel from the periphery to the response mechanism weakens one signal in comparison to the other, resulting in a response bias favouring the stronger stimulus. Tactile information from the left hand, after reaching the somatosensory zone in the right hemisphere, is transmitted to the left hemisphere by a diffuse, widespread network including the frontal lobes and the anterior callosum. This anatomical arrangement renders left-hand information more vulnerable to chance lesions than right-hand information, which has direct access to the response mechanism via a more compact projection system.
Beware the lure of the horizontal

The correct choice of market segmentation can determine product success and help a company rise above the competition.
Collaboration Between CC- and A-Adding Enzymes to Build and Repair the 3'-Terminal CCA of tRNA in Aquifex aeolicus

The universal 3'-terminal CCA sequence of all transfer RNAs (tRNAs) is repaired, and sometimes constructed de novo, by the CCA-adding enzyme [ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase]. This RNA polymerase has no nucleic acid template, yet faithfully builds the CCA sequence one nucleotide at a time using cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as substrates. All previously characterized CCA-adding enzymes from all three kingdoms are single polypeptides with CCA-adding activity. Here, we demonstrate through biochemical and genetic approaches that CCA addition in Aquifex aeolicus requires collaboration between two related polypeptides, one that adds CC and another that adds A.
Nonparametric Instrumental Variables Estimation

Abstract In many economic models, objects of interest are functions which satisfy conditional moment restrictions. Economics does not restrict the functional form of these models, motivating nonparametric methods. In this paper we review identification results and describe a simple nonparametric instrumental variables (NPIV) estimator. We also consider a simple method of inference. In addition we show how the ability to uncover nonlinearities with conditional moment restrictions is related to the strength of the instruments. We point to applications where important nonlinearities can be found with NPIV and applications where they cannot.
The effect of castration and testosterone propionate injection on glycogen storage in skeletal muscle.

IN A previous report (Leonard, 1952), it was shown that testosterone propionate exhibited marked glycopexic and glycostatic effects on the striated muscles of the perineal complex of male rats. It cannot be assumed that the results and conclusions obtained from the study of these particular muscles would necessarily be applicable to skeletal muscles in general, particularly since this subject is highly controversial (Leonard, 1952, for literature review). This report is concerned with the effect of androgen on the glycogen levels of those skeletal muscles which would be considered more representative of the body musculature of the rat, i.e., the rectus femoris of the thigh and the abdominal muscles. In addition, glycogen determinations were made on the cremaster muscle which is sensitive, morphologically, to androgens, similar to the peroneal muscles. METHODS Adult male and female rats of the Long-Evans strain were selected for uniformity of age and body weight within each experiment. The operative proced...
The primary structure of tubulin Sequences of the carboxyl terminus and seven other cyanogen bromide peptides from the α-chain

Abstract The α-chain of calf brain tubulin was fragmented by treatment with cyanogen bromide and eight peptides together accounting for 108 residues were purified and sequenced. The COOH-terminal peptide contains a fractional amount (about 0.3 residues) of tyrosine at its COOH-terminus; this presumably represents tyrosine that is added post-translationally to α-tubulin. The β-chain can be phosphorylated, and the probable site of this modification is identified also in the COOH-terminal peptide. Comparison of the sequences described here with the sequence of actin reveals no homology between actin and tubulin.
Carbohydrate structure of the major glycopeptide from human cold-insoluble globulin.

Cold-insoluble globulin (CIg) is a member of a group of circulating and cell-associated, high-molecular-weight glycoproteins termed fibronectins. CIg was isolated from human plasma by affinity chromatography on gelatin-Sepharose. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified glycoprotein gave a double band that migrated near myosin. The CIg glycopeptides were released by pronase digestion and isolated by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. Affinity chromatography of the major G-50 peak on Con A-Sepharose resulted in two fractions: one-third of the glycopeptides were unbound and two-thirds were weakly bound (WB). Sugar composition analysis of the unbound glycopeptides by GLC of the trimethylsilyl methyl glycosides gave the following molar ratios: sialic acid, 2.5; galactose, 3.0; N-acetylglucosamine, 4.9; and mannose, 3.0. Sugar composition analysis of the WB glycopeptides gave the following molar ratios: sialic acid, 1.7; galactose, 2.0; N-acetylglucosamine, 4.1; and mannose, 3.0. The WB CIg glycopeptides cochromatographed on Sephadex G-50 with WB transferrin glycopeptides giving an estimated molecular weight of 2,800. After degradation with neuraminidase alone or sequentially with β-galactosidase the CIg and transferrin glycopeptides again cochromatographed. Methylation linkage analysis of the intact and the partially degraded glycopeptides indicated that the carbohydrate structure of the major human CIg glycopeptide resembles that of the major glycopeptide from transferrin.
Maize Morphology and Shoot CO2 Assimilation after Root Damage by Western Corn Rootworm Larvae

Knowledge of the physiological stress mechanisms triggered by corn rootworm larval feeding damage may suggest new ways of maintaining maize (Zea mays L.) productivity in plants damaged by this important insect pest. Western corn rootworm [Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte)] larval feeding damage to maize root systems causes complex changes in leaf CO 2 assimilation. The objective of our study was to further explore the relationships between plant morphology and CO 2 assimilation in rootworm-damaged maize. The effects of moderate or severe root damage caused by larval feeding or by mechanical damage on root system morphology, shoot dry weight, leaf area, stomatal conductance, and CO 2 assimilation were investigated in greenhouse experiments. Rootworm larval feeding, which removed about 75% of the total root system volume, or mechanical cutting treatments imposed at the V12 leaf stage, which removed about 30% of the total root system volume, had no effect upon leaf CO 2 assimilation but significantly reduced stomatal conductance when measured at the tassel development stage. During the time when larvae were damaging root systems or when specific root node axes were mechanically cut, however, leaf CO 2 assimilation was less in root-damaged plants than in undamaged plants. Larval-damaged root systems had accelerated adventitious root axis growth and development in the nodes located immediately above the damaged nodes. This compensatory root growth was more pronounced under the moderate root feeding damage treatments than in the severe root damage treatments. Total leaf area and shoot CO 2 assimilation were less in plants with severe larval feeding damage than in plants with moderate damage or in control plants. Thus, the severity of root damage plus the level of root compensatory growth play important roles in mediating shoot growth and CO 2 assimilation responses to stress imposed by rootworm larval feeding.
Effects of pictorial product-warnings on low-literate consumers

Abstract Previous research has found that low-literate consumers tend to rely heavily on pictures to process marketplace information. The current study investigates the conditions under which pictures in product-warning statements become detrimental or beneficial for information processing among consumers with varying levels of literacy. The findings suggest that, relative to consumers with higher literacy levels, consumers with lower literacy levels display lower comprehension levels and make more errors when they view incongruent pictures in product-warning statements. The results also show that, consumers with lower literacy levels benefit significantly more in comprehension and in reduction of errors relative to consumers with higher literacy levels, with congruent pictures without text. A concluding discussion addresses theoretical and practical implications as well as future research directions on low-literate, low-income consumer behavior and subsistence consumer behavior.
Demographic responses of arctic hares Lepus arcticus placed on two predominantly forested islands in Newfoundland

During January-April 1989. we monitored survival, reproduction, and body condition of 19 radio-collared arctic hares Lepus areticus introduced to two predominantly (80%) forested islands. Merchant (66 1 ha) and Burke (82 6 ha), in Placentia Bay, Newfoundland By late April, bone-marrow fat (42 7%) and kidney fat indices were lower than found in populations on the mountain barrens of western Newfoundland However, most island hares gained weight overwinter, and litter sizes (mean. 4 2 in utero) and testis weights (mean, 8 3 g) were as large or larger than recorded from other introduced and natural populations in Newfoundland The distribution of telemetry locations, tracks and feeding sites indicated that hares frequented the scattered barrens (totalling c 30 ha) on both islands in greater proportion than available These results suggest that, in the absence of snowshoe hares and mammalian predators, forested regions interspersed with small patches of barrens can sustain arctic hares
A PARALLEL ALGORITHM FOR FOREST RECONSTRUCTION

The purpose of this short note is to show that the problem of reconstructing a directed forest from a collection of leaf-to-root paths can be done efficiently in parallel by reducing the problem to integer sorting. Specifically, given M the total length of the paths in the collection, and n the number of distinct node labels, our algorithm reconstructs the corresponding forest (if such a forest exists) in O(M/p) time using p ≤ M/n processors or time using M/n < p < M processors, and O(M) space on the EREW-PRAM.
Dynamic Aspects of Lower Lip Movement in Parkinsonian and Neurologically Normal Geriatric Speakers’ Production of Stress

Lower lip+jaw movement was evaluated for parkinsonian dysarthric and age-matched, neurologically normal speakers during the production of alternating stress contrasts. Discrete measures of movement, including displacement amplitude, peak velocity, the relation of amplitude to peak velocity, and movement durations were compared across groups for stressed and unstressed syllables. Additionally, quantitative (parameter c and the ratio of acceleration to deceleration) and qualitative indices of dynamic characteristics of velocity profiles for lower lip+jaw opening and closing gestures were compared across the subject groups. Within the dysarthric group, the relation between each discrete and dynamic kinematic parameter and the perceived severity of the dysarthria was investigated. The discrete measures confirmed previous findings of reduced displacement and peak velocity for the parkinsonian speakers during opening and closing gestures for both the stressed and unstressed syllables. However, the relation between amplitude and velocity did not differ for the two subject groups for any gesture. Movement durations were equivalent for the two groups during the production of opening gestures, but were significantly shorter for the parkinsonian speakers during closing gestures. Quantitative indices of the velocity profiles also failed to differentiate between the subject groups or between dysarthric speakers as a function of severity. By contrast, the qualitative descriptions of the velocity profiles showed between-speaker differences that were more pronounced for subjects with more severe dysarthria. These qualitative differences were evident in opening gestures toward an unstressed vowel, only.
Fabrication of Free-Standing Polymer Membranes via Imprint Lithography and Selective Immobilization of Lipid Vesicles at Micropores in the Membrane

This study presents fabrication of free-standing, perforated membranes in polymer with the pore diameter down to 500 nm via novel imprint lithography and use of the membrane to selectively immobilize lipid vesicles at the micropores in the membrane. For the fabrication, a combination of imprint lithography and a sacrificial layer technique was employed in order to get a clean, fully released, and mechanically stable membrane with perforated pores. Si molds with microscale pillar structures fabricated via photolithography were used to define patterns in SU-8 resist layer which was spin-coated on lift-off resist (LOR) used as a sacrificial layer. This was followed by a UV curing process to achieve enough mechanical strength in the SU-8 layer to be fee-standing. Release of the SU-8 layer from the LOR sacrificial layer by lift-off results in the free-standing, perforated membranes with pore diameter down to sub-micrometer range. Prior to the application of lipid vesicles, the SU-8 membrane surface was treated with poly(L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) which prevents non-specific adsorption of the lipid vesicles on the membrane surface. As a result, lipid vesicles were found to selectively adsorb at the pore sites in the membrane, as observed with an evanescence fluorescence microscope. This result indicates that the perforated polymer membranes with micro- and nanoscale pores have potential as a platform for fundamental study of biological systems.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Ethics of research design

Discussions of ethical issues in research involving human subjects most usually provoke concerns about valid informed consent procedures. However, considering the recognized limitations of informed consent, arguably the way a study is designed is a more consequential concern for subject well‐being. This paper summarizes ethical issues in the design of clinical research, with reference to historic and current guidelines. Special attention is given to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and psychiatric research.
Cervical spine injury seen only on an upright lateral view

This report describes a case in which significant cervical spine injuries were demonstrated only on the upright lateral view. On occasion, unstable or potentially unstable cervical spine injuries may only be seen on an upright lateral view.
Uncertainty and Auction Outcome: Evidence from Used Car Actions

I study the sequence of bidding in an open-outcry English auction to examine how uncertainty affects auction outcomes. I do this by analyzing a data set collected from a series of public auctions of used cars in New Jersey. I conjecture that the uncertainty is related to the auction's progress and demonstrate that, empirically, an increase in the uncertainty is associated with an increase in the number of rounds required to sell an object and with a reduction in the ratio between the selling price and the presale estimate.