cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract B35: Ovarian cancer incidence projections in the United States: Expected increases through 2030.

Background: Several reports have shown that age-standardized ovarian cancer rates are decreasing in recent years in the United States. While these reported rates are useful to compare trends across certain groups, they do not always accurately convey the burden of ovarian cancer, nor do they provide information on the actual numbers of ovarian cases diagnosed each year. Since age is the greatest risk factor for ovarian cancer, and the older population of the Unites States is growing, the accurate assessment of future ovarian cancer trends is important in order to plan for clinical care needs and allocate resources effectively. Objective: To assess future trends in the United States ovarian cancer burden by projecting the number of new cases of ovarian and fallopian tube cancer cases diagnosed through the year 2030. Methods: We used observed incidence data from 1982-2011 from the SEER program, and population projections based on the 2010 US Census to predict ovarian and fallopian tube cancer cases and rates through 2030. Cases of both ovarian and fallopian tube cancers were included to account for misclassification that often occurs between the two cancer sites and also because some ovarian cases are thought to originate in the fallopian tube. Predictions were made using age-period-cohort regression models implemented in the Nordpred software. Results: The number of ovarian cancer cases is estimated to increase from 23,215 in 2012 to 27,666 in 2030, for a 19.2% total increase in new cases of ovarian cancer in 2030. Fallopian tube cancer cases are expected to increase from 1,621 in 2012 to 3,686 in 2030. Together, 31,352 cases of ovarian and fallopian tube cancers are projected to be diagnosed in 2030, for an overall expected increase of 26.2% for these cancers. Discussion: Given the expected increase in cancer cases, prioritizing resources for ovarian cancer control is warranted. Continued training and outreach of gynecologic oncologists to ensure ovarian cancer patients receive optimal treatment is necessary. Systems changes that ensure referral and accessibility to gynecologic oncologists are also needed. Additional research into genetic and other factors that predispose individuals to ovarian cancer, and the continued characterization of symptoms may help to identify cases earlier, potentially resulting in more treatment options for ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Sherri L. Stewart, Trevor D. Thompson, Hannah K. Weir, Sun Hee Rim. Ovarian cancer incidence projections in the United States: Expected increases through 2030. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B35.
Miniature Cryogenic Refrigerator Turbomachinery

Potential applications of cryogenics to electrical, apparatus and superconducting devices have recently resulted in an extensive cryogenic refrigeration system program. Much of the effort in this program has been directed toward the research and development of small refrigeration systems for loads at liquid helium temperatures and with long-life components. In addition, the cryogenic refrigeration system program has emphasized the test evaluation of advanced performance, high-reliability turbomachinery components. Some of these developments are discussed here and special attention is devoted to high pressure-rise dynamic compressors, low-loss turboalternator design approaches, and component test results.
Phase equilibrium and phase diagrams

A phase diagram is a graph that shows the distribution of stable phase assemblages as a function of the values of the intensive variables used to describe the thermodynamic system. If pressure and temperature are the variables of interest then the stable assemblage is the one with the lowest Gibbs free energy, although other thermodynamic potentials may be used if the variables of interest are different, for example, Helmholtz free energy if one is interested in temperature and volume (more on this in Chapter 9). Phase diagrams are powerful analytical tools in many branches of planetary sciences, as they provide a way to quickly visualize how phase assemblages change in response to changes in pressure, temperature, chemical potentials, or any other combination of intensive variables. There are many different types of phase diagrams and it is not the purpose of this book to offer a comprehensive review of all of them. Rather, in this chapter I will focus on the fundamental rules that phase diagrams must abide by in order to be thermodynamically valid. We therefore begin with a discussion of the thermodynamic underpinnings of phase diagrams. The foundations of phase equilibrium The Gibbs–Duhem equation Any extensive thermodynamic property can be written as a sum of products of partial molar properties times mol numbers (equation (5.27)).
Forty Years After

The coordinate construction in Part I was based on basic theorems in algebraic-geometry. Alternative formulations have been developed by Floater and Warren. These nonrational alternatives include kernels based on contour integrals for elements with curved sides. Much effort has been directed toward areal coordinates which are degree-one interpolation functions adequate for graphics application. Higher degree interpolants apply to patchwork polynomial approximation such as that fundamental to finite element computation. The simplicity of the algebraic-geometry approach with the GADJ adjoint construction supports use of this for convex polygons and well-set elements with curved sides. The mean-value approach seems best for areal coordinate construction for nonconvex polygons. The significance of all these approaches is that one is no longer restricted to triangle and rectangle elements. Element geometry for which polynomial interpolants may be constructed is now quite broad. Speed of arithmetic and input–output, large memory of modern computers, and extensive software enhance application of sophisticated algorithms.
Perinodal cryosurgery for atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia in 23 patients.

Atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia is the most common cause of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Available nonpharmacologic therapies include (1) catheter ablation or cryosurgical ablation of the His bundle and insertion of a permanent pacemaker and (2) surgical dissection around the atrioventricular node or discrete cryosurgery of the perinodal tissues, in an attempt to divide or ablate only one of the dual atrioventricular node conduction pathways responsible for the tachycardia while leaving the other intact This report describes 23 consecutive patients who underwent the discrete cryosurgical procedure between August 13, 1982, and March 16, 1989. The first patient in this series, a 38-year-old woman, is the first patient in whom refractory atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia was cured surgically by a procedure designed to treat this arrhythmia. The ages of the 13 female and 10 male patients ranged from 12 to 56 years with an average age of 29 years. Fourteen of the 23 patients (61%) had the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Other associated arrhythmias included atrial flutter/fibrillation (n = 2), right atrial reentrant tachycardia (n = 1), junctional tachycardia (n = 1), and a Mahaim fiber (n = 1). Associated anatomic abnormalities included Ebstein's anomaly in two patients and a large right atrial aneurysm in one patient. The perinodal cryosurgical procedure was performed through a right atriotomy in the normothermic beating heart. Multiple 3 mm diameter cryolesions were placed around the borders of the triangle of Koch on the lower right atrial septum to alter the input pathways of the atrioventricular node. There were no operative deaths in this series of patients. Postoperatively, all 23 patients had normal atrioventricular conduction, and no heart block has occurred in any patients during the follow-up period. All patients have remained free of atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia (and of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome) and none has required postoperative antiarrhythmic drugs for either of these arrhythmias. We consider this simple, safe, easily performed, and uniformly successful operation to be the procedure of choice for the treatment of medically refractory atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia.
Spectral Hole Burning: A Window on Excited State Electronic Structure, Heterogeneity, Electron–Phonon Coupling, and Transport Dynamics of Photosynthetic Units

This chapter explores the spectral hole-burning spectroscopy in the study of excited state electronic structure, heterogeneity, electron–phonon coupling, and transport dynamics of photosynthetic units. The hole burning is used to characterize the frequencies and coupling strengths of the phonons that couple to the electronic transition. Perhaps the best known examples are those of P870 and P960 of Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas viridis, for which the couplings to protein phonons with a mean frequency of ∼30 cm –1 and a special pair intermolecular marker mode were determined. The lifetime of P870* or electron transfer rate from the total zero-point level was found to be independent of the location of the zero-phonon line (ZPL) within the inhomogeneous distribution of ZPL frequencies as well as independent of temperature between 1.8 and ∼10 K. These results led to the conclusion that dispersive kinetics because of glass-like structural heterogeneity of the complex is an unlikely explanation for the recently observed nonexponential decay of P870*. However, the electron transfer rate in the low temperature limit should depend on the contribution to the P870 absorption profile from inhomogeneous broadening. The application of spectral hole-burning spectroscopies to biomolecular systems is already an active area of research. Because of its flexibility and ultrahigh-resolution capability, hole burning will undoubtedly find many more applications.
Impact of Burst Buffer Architectures on Application Portability

The Oak Ridge and Argonne Leadership Computing Facilities are both receiving new systems under the Collaboration of Oak Ridge, Argonne, and Livermore (CORAL) program. Because they are both part of the INCITE program, applications need to be portable between these two facilities. However, the Summit and Aurora systems will be vastly different architectures, including their I/O subsystems. While both systems will have POSIX-compliant parallel file systems, their Burst Buffer technologies will be different. This difference may pose challenges to application portability between facilities. Application developers need to pay attention to specific burst buffer implementations to maximize code portability.
Engineering Education for All: Increasing Access to Engineering Education for Men and Women across the World through Distance Learning

For many men and women across the world, distance education has improved access to higher education. Distance education could potentially help bridge the gap that divides the East and the West. A group of highly motivated young men and women from the Middle-East with undergraduate degrees in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science students were given an opportunity to earn a Ph.D. degree from a high ranking American university. These highly motivated men and women then were asked to participate in an online survey that aimed at comparing their perception of online education versus face-to-face education. The result indicated that there was no association between the students' degree of self-efficacy and feeling of inclusion in online versus face-to-face courses. Moreover, the result indicated that there was no association between gender and self-efficacy regardless of the medium of the choice.
Telescoping Architectures: Evaluating Next-Generation Heterogeneous Computing

Architectural innovation has telescoped the HPC community from the commodity (Beowulf) cluster in a machine room, i.e., a multi-node system with Ethernet interconnect, to a commodity cluster on a chip, i.e., multicore CPU with an on-die interconnect. We project that this notion of "telescoping architecture" will apply more broadly to heterogeneous computing, namely from heterogeneous clusters like Tianhe-2 in a machine room to on a chip. To that end, we present an experimental studythat extends the notion of telescoping architectures to identify the ideal mixture of compute engines (CEs) and the number of such CEs on a chip to create a heterogeneous "cluster on a chip" (CoC). Specifically, we experiment with heterogeneous architectures that contain single or multiple instances of CPUs, GPUs, Intel MICs, and FPGAs to demonstrate their performance efficacy given continuing advances in hardware technology, software, tools, and run-time support.
Finding Russia in Botswana: AIDS, Archaeology, and the Power of the Ancestors

The materialization of memory is one way in which the past becomes a powerful agent for negotiating the present. Today in Botswana, archaeological sites have become sites of memory where ancestors have been invoked for healing in response to the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. This paper concentrates on one site, Khubu la Dintsa, where a local community practiced an ancestral healing ceremony, phekolo, as a way to restore spiritual balance. Told through a set of narratives that integrate ethnographic interviews with one of the former church elders, Russia, the article chronicles the trajectory of the church, the perceived power and active role of the ancestors in this ceremony, and the complex web of morality and practicality in which alternative narratives emerge during a time of social disruption and later fall apart. This paper complements the others in this issue by focusing on how memory, place, time, and material culture are recursively engaged: a process that includes formal and accepted to marginal and even ephemeral viewpoints and holds lessons for how we as archaeologists approach and curate the past.
Mesoscale Vertical Motions near Nocturnal Convection Initiation in PECAN

AbstractRadiosonde measurements from the Plains Elevated Convection At Night (PECAN) 2015 field campaign are used to diagnose mesoscale vertical motions near nocturnal convection initiation (CI). These CI events occur in distinctly different environments including ones with 1) strong forcing for ascent associated with a synoptic cold front and midtropospheric short wave, 2) nocturnal low-level jets interacting with weaker quasi-stationary fronts, or 3) the absence of a surface front or boundary altogether. Radiosonde-derived vertical motion profiles in each of these CI environments are characterized by low- to midtropospheric ascent. The representativeness of these vertical motion profiles is supported by distributions of corresponding mesoscale averages from model-produced 0–6-h ensemble forecasts. Thermodynamic data from radiosondes are then analyzed along with selected model ensemble members to elucidate the role of the vertical motions on subsequent CI. In a case with strong forcing for mesoscale asce...
Numerical methods for stochastic differential equations

In this chapter, we discuss some basic aspects of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) including stochastic ordinary (SODEs) and partial differential equations (SPDEs).
An exploratory investigation of social workers’ knowledge and attitudes about autism

Although researchers continue to generate knowledge concerning autism, few have investigated social workers’ understanding about this condition. In this exploratory study, we surveyed licensed soci...
Species are not most abundant in the centre of their geographic range or climatic niche.

The pervasive idea that species should be most abundant in the centre of their geographic range or centre of their climatic niche is a key assumption in many existing ecological hypotheses and has been declared a general macroecological rule. However, empirical support for decreasing population abundance with increasing distance from geographic range or climatic niche centre (distance–abundance relationships) remains fairly weak. We examine over 1400 bird, mammal, fish and tree species to provide a thorough test of distance–abundance relationships, and their associations with species traits and phylogenetic relationships. We failed to detect consistent distance–abundance relationships, and found no association between distance–abundance slope and species traits or phylogenetic relatedness. Together, our analyses suggest that distance–abundance relationships may be rare, difficult to detect, or are an oversimplification of the complex biogeographical forces that determine species spatial abundance patterns.
Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Peripheral Artery Disease: Lessons Learned in Translational Science

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a major health care problem. There have been limited advances in medical therapies, and a huge burden of symptomatic patients with intermittent claudication and critical limb ischemia who have limited treatment options. Angiogenesis is the growth and proliferation of blood vessels from existing vasculature. For approximately 2 decades, "therapeutic angiogenesis" has been studied as an investigational approach to treat patients with symptomatic PAD. Despite literally hundreds of positive preclinical studies, results from human clinical studies thus far have been disappointing. Here we present an overview of where the field of therapeutic angiogenesis stands today and examine lessons learned from previously conducted clinical trials. The objective is not to second-guess past efforts but to place the lessons in perspective to allow for trial success in the future to improve agent development, trial design, and ultimately, clinical outcomes for new therapeutics for PAD.
Identifying targets of scientific inquiry: obstacles to the advancement of organization science

In many colleges and universities, publication is a key factor in evaluating the academic productivity of faculty. Moreover, the pressure to publish may drive scholars to identify research questions that are believed to have a greater probability of being published rather than being driven by their interests in an important research question that will advance the field. A critical question then, is to what extent publication outlets reinforce a pattern of publications that are well-suited to the research enterprise − encouraging contributions that extend the frontiers of what is already known. Analysis of both accepted and rejected empirical manuscripts from two leading journals in organization science reveal that novel research is less likely to be published, but more likely to be cited. Results are used as a basis for making inferences about the publication process and for commentary related to the advancement of organization science as a field of study.
Clinical features of patients with novel Yersinia species.

Our purpose was to describe the clinical features of patients with novel Yersinia species. Between 1985 and 1999; 194 patients had yersinia species isolated from stool specimens, 38 (20%) had non-Yersinia enterocolitica species; 12 (32%) had Yersinia intermedia, 7 (18%) Yersinia fredericksenii, 3 (8%) Yersinia kristensenii, and the remaining 16 (42%) were unclassified non-Yersinia enterocolitica species. The most common presenting symptom was diarrhea alone in 10 (26.3%) patients. Symptoms persisted for >1 month in 54% of cases; 21% had symptoms for 1 month. Most [27 (71%)] patients received no treatment; 5 (13%) received antibiotics. In conclusion, novel non-Yersinia enterocolitica species, including Yersinia intermedia, Y. fredericksenii, and Y. kristensenii may represent up to 20% of all Yersinia isolates. Diarrhea is the most common symptom.
Heuristics and rigor in lattice-based cryptography

Cryptographic schemes based on lattices first emerged in the mid-1990s, and have developed rapidly in the past few years. At the outset, works in this area fell into two very distinct types: - Heuristic proposals such as NTRU, which lacked any formal security justification but were very practical; - Schemes building on Ajtai's breakthrough work, which were highly impractical but came with provable 'worst-case' security guarantees. More recently, the line between efficiency and rigorous security has been blurred significantly (though not yet obliterated completely). This talk will survey several examples of early proposals that lacked any rigorous security analysis -- and in some cases, turned out to be completely insecure -- but which later inspired theoretically sound and efficient solutions. Even better, these solutions have opened the door to unexpected and far more advanced cryptographic applications than were originally envisioned.
Basal Ganglia, Functional Organization

The basal ganglia are subcortical nuclei that are components of cortical–subcortical reentrant circuits involving the cerebral cortex and thalamus. This chapter describes the anatomic composition of these circuits, and models of their involvement in motor control and other behavioral functions, followed by a description of disorders resulting from their dysfunction.
PKCs as Mediators of the Hedgehog and Wnt Signaling Pathways

The Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles in patterning, proliferation and survival during embryonic development. Abnormal activation of these pathways in adult organisms is associated with a wide rage of neoplasias. In this chapter we provide a concise description of the two signaling pathways and their role in cancer and discuss the current knowledge of the contribution of different PKC isozymes in the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways.
The Golden Measure

Today there have come to light previously unthought virtualities of life and vistas for their application as well as new realizations of the limitations of life. Bewildered humanity is challenged to seek by a need to find new ways to assess gains and losses and make socio-economic and cultural adjustments and resolve political and religious conflicts.
Trade-Off Study of Localizing Communication and Balancing Network Traffic on a Dragonfly System

Dragonfly networks are being widely adopted in high-performance computing systems. On these networks, however, interference caused by resource sharing can lead to significant network congestion and performance variability. We present a comparative analysis exploring the trade-off between localizing communication and balancing network traffic. We conduct trace-based simulations for applications with different communication patterns, using multiple job placement policies and routing mechanisms. We perform an in-depth performance analysis on representative applications individually and show that different applications have distinct preferences regarding localized communication and balanced network traffic. We further demonstrate the effect of external network interference by introducing background traffic and show that localized communication can help reduce the application performance variation caused by network sharing.
Neuroprotective Effects of Nasopharyngeal Perfluorochemical Cooling in a Rat Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Objective Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently results in severe morbidity, even mortality. Hypothermia is known to have a neuroprotective effect in ischemic injuries. The aim of this study was to determine whether nasopharyngeal (NP) perfluorochemical (PFC) cooling could be used in a rat model of SAH model for neuroprotection. Methods SAH was induced in 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats by cisterna magna injection of 0.3 mL autologous blood. Vital signs, temperatures, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and brain histology were assessed. Brain cooling was performed on the treatment group using the NP-PFC method starting from 20 minutes after SAH. Results No SAH-related deaths were observed in either group. SAH caused an immediate decrease in mean arterial pressure (17.0% ± 4.90% below baseline values). SAH induction caused a significant and rapid decrease in CBF from baseline (approximately −65%, ranging from −32% to −85%) in both hemispheres. In the left hemisphere, cooling facilitated the return of CBF to baseline values within 20 minutes of treatment with further increase in CBF that stabilized by the 2 hours after injury time point. Quantitative immunohistochemistry showed that there were significantly more NeuN-positive cells in the cortex and significantly fewer IBA-1-positive microglia and glial fibrillary acidic protein–positive astrocytes cells in both cortex and hippocampus in the animals that received NP-PFC cooling compared with no treatment, reflecting preserved neuronal integrity and reduced inflammation. Conclusions The data from this study indicate that local hypothermia by NP-PFC cooling supports return of CBF and neuronal integrity and suppresses the inflammatory response in SAH, suggestive of a promising neuroprotective approach in management of SAH.
Real-Time Visual Odometry Covariance Estimation for Unmanned Air Vehicle Navigation

Demand is growing for unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) with greater autonomy, including the ability to navigate without GPS information, such as indoors. In this work, a novel visual odometry algorithm...
Non-Invasive Estimation of the Mean Right Atrial Pressure Using Sonographic Measurements of the Right Internal Jugular Vein

Introduction Right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. RVD is detected clinically by elevated JVP on physical exam, a reflection of the high mean right atrial pressure (mRAP). The sensitivity and specificity of mRAP estimation by JVP assessment is limited. Non-invasive techniques that can reliably estimate mRAP are thus useful to supplement physical exam findings. Sonographic measurement of the IVC has emerged as the most utilized non-invasive estimate of the mRAP but the IVC is visualized only 75-90% of the time. Objectives In this study, we prospectively tested the diagnostic accuracy of various static and dynamic ultrasound measurements of the right internal jugular vein (RIJV) in estimating the mRAP and compared this to mRAP measured by right heart catheterization (RHC). The best identified RIJV parameter was then compared to simultaneous measurements of IVC and JVP assessment by HF cardiologists. Methods This is a single center prospective study that enrolled patients scheduled to undergo RHC. IRB approved consents were obtained. JVP assessment was performed by a HF cardiologist, the IVC and RIJV ultrasound measures were obtained by author KH, and these were performed prior to right heart catheterization. RIJV measurements were done w/ the patient lying flat. Categorical variables were reported as percentages, mean ± standard deviation if normally distributed data, and as median ± interquartile range for non-normally distributed data. Area under the curve (AUC) of various static and dynamic RIJV measures was calculated using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. The best RIJV parameter that best estimated mRAP was then compared against IVC and JVP assessment by HF cardiologists using mRAP measured by RHC as gold standard. Results We enrolled 100 patients, 8 of whom were excluded due to incomplete data. The patients were 63.6 ± 13.8 y/o, mostly males (65%), 20% had heart transplants, and 38% were obese. The RIJV of all subjects were well visualized in all cases. Of the various static and dynamic RIJV parameters tested, the expansibility index calculated as (CSA on end-expiration- CSA with Valsalva)/CSA on end-expiration best correlated with the mRAP [AUC 0.62, 95% CI (0.49-0.74)]. In this study, the IVC max diameter was superior to HF cardiologist exam > RIJV in estimating the mRAP (Figure). The findings were similar when applied to obese patients. Conclusion While the RIJV was visualized 100% of the time, the best RIJV parameter in estimating the mean right atrial pressure was inferior to IVC max diameter and HF cardiologist JVP assessment, even in obese patients.
Building Near-Real-Time MODIS Data Fusion Workflow to Support Agricultural Decision-making Applications

WaterSmart project is an NSF funded projected seeks water consumption reduction using satellite observations. In order to fit the fine temporal resolution requirement, satellites are required to have a high revisit cycle. MODIS is an ideal platform for monitoring the ground thanks to its daily coverage while the spatial resolution is too coarse. Research has demonstrated the possibility to improve the spatial resolution of MODIS using the Landsat 8 images. This research is aimed to establish a workflow to adapt the data fusion algorithm to achieve automatically processing at real-time in order to support short-term decision making.
Prx1-Expressing Progenitor Primary Cilia Mediate Bone Formation in response to Mechanical Loading in Mice

Increases in mechanical loading can enhance the addition of new bone, altering geometry and density such that bones better withstand higher forces. Bone-forming osteoblasts have long been thought to originate from progenitors, but the exact source is yet to be identified. Previous studies indicate osteogenic precursors arise from Prx1-expressing progenitors during embryonic development and adult fracture repair. However, it is unknown whether this cell population is also a source for mechanically induced active osteoblasts. We first identified that Prx1 is expressed in skeletally mature mouse periosteum, a thin tissue covering the surface of the bone that is rich in osteoprogenitors. We then traced Prx1 progenitor lineage using a transgenic mouse model carrying both a Prx1-driven tamoxifen-inducible Cre and a ROSA-driven lacZ reporter gene. Cells that expressed Prx1 when compressive axial loading was applied were detected within the cortical bone days after stimulation, indicating osteocytes are of Prx1-expressing cell origin. In addition, we evaluated how these cells sense and respond to physical stimulation in vivo by disrupting their primary cilia, which are antenna-like sensory organelles known to enhance mechanical and chemical signaling kinetics. Although Prx1-driven primary cilium disruption did not affect osteoblast recruitment to the bone surface, the relative mineral apposition and bone formation rates were decreased by 53% and 34%, respectively. Thus, this cell population contributes to load-induced bone formation, and primary cilia are needed for a complete response. Interestingly, Prx1-expressing progenitors are easily extracted from periosteum and are perhaps an attractive alternative to marrow stem cells for bone tissue regeneration strategies.
Rumen Protected Long Chain Fatty Acid Supplementation Effects on Beef Carcass Traits and Composition

ObjectivesMarbling is one of the most important indicators of beef quality. Greater amounts of intramuscular fat are associated with increased palatability. Previous research has shown the activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is related to marbling development in growing beef cattle, and long chain fatty acids are known activators of PPARγ. The objective of this study was to determine if supplementation of long chain fatty acids, which are known activators of PPARγ, will increase marbling development of beef cattle.Materials and MethodsAngus steer calves (n = 99) were backgrounded for 77 d with a target weight gain of 1.2 kg/d and received a Synovex-S implant during this period. Upon completion of backgrounding, the steers were divided into 12 pens with 8 to 9 head/pen. Steers received a transition diet for 21 d prior to being fed a high concentrate diet containing high moisture ear corn, corn silage, dry rolled corn, soybean meal, and a liquid supplement containing monensin. Megalac -R was fed to 6 pens at 2% of the diet dry matter (LCFA). Control pens (CON; n = 6) received an additional 2% of diet dry matter as dry rolled corn. The final finishing diet NEg for LCFA and CON treatments was 63.70 and 60.50 Mcal/cwt, respectively. At d 28 of the finishing phase, cattle received a Revalor-S implant. Steers were weighed every 28 d. Growth performance data including ADG and G:F were calculated monthly and averaged across the feeding period for cumulative data. After a 147-d finishing phase, steers were transported to a commercial abattoir for slaughter. After a 24-hour chilling period, standard carcass data were obtained by trained personnel. A subset of carcasses (n = 24, 2 per pen) were selected for carcass composition analysis using 9–10–11 rib dissections and analyzed using equations from Hankens and Howe (1946). Live and carcass data were analyzed using Proc GLM of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC) and rib composition data were analyzed using PROC Mixed of SAS. Both used pen as the experimental unit. Significance was determined at a P-value ≤ 0.05 and a trend at a P-value 0.05) between treatments. Composition of the 9–10–11 rib sections revealed no differences in ash (P = 0.25), moisture (P = 0.16), or fat (P = 0.12). Protein was greater (15.3 ± 0.22 vs. 14.6 ± 0.09%; P = 0.01) for CON cattle. Predicted percent carcass fat was increased for LCFA cattle (25.5 ± 0.39 vs. 23.9 ± .060%; P < 0.05). In contrast, predicted percent carcass protein (13.8 ± 0.13 vs. 13.6 ± 0.05%; P = 0.07) and bone (14.6 ± 0.21 vs. 13.8 ± 0.33%; P = 0.06) tended to be greater for CON cattle.ConclusionLong chain fatty acid supplementation during the finishing phase did not increase marbling scores of the steers in this study, but predicted total body fat was increased. Supplementation of LCFA at earlier growth stages or for longer durations are of interest for future work to determine if marbling scores can be increased.
Evolution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Predictors and Correlates of Functional Outcome after Spinal Cord Contusion Injury in the Rat.

Clinical methods for determining the severity of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and long-term functional outcome in the acute setting are limited in their prognostic accuracy because of the het...
The Phenomenon of Trombley-Brennan Terminal Tissue Injury in a Neonate: A Case Study.

Background Trombley-Brennan terminal tissue injury (TB-TTI), also known as skin failure, was first identified in 2009 among critically ill adults receiving palliative care. Identification of this skin injury can be misinterpreted as a pressure ulcer. However, this phenomenon is now accepted as an early sign of impending death among critically ill adults. Clinical findings This case study describes TB-TTI in a terminally ill infant in a neonatal intensive care unit evidenced by intact, 2-cm oval skin discoloration on the lateral side of both knees with rapid progression in size. Primary diagnosis TB-TTI was identified on the day of death in an infant with a primary diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy born at 32 weeks' gestation. Interventions The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) team mobilized the NICU advanced care team, institution's ethical council, and "Team Lavender" to provide infant comfort measures and emotional support to the family and care givers. Outcomes Infant death occurred 8 hours after TB-TTI was identified. Practice recommendations To our knowledge, this case study of TB-TTI in a terminally ill neonate in the NICU has not been previously described in the neonatal or pediatric population. Early recognition of the phenomenon can enable the healthcare team to provide timely emotional, spiritual, and psychosocial support to the family and allow time to "be present" with the infant at "end of life." Future work should explore additional signs of TB-TTI and the occurrence rate.
Parent and child emotion and distress responses associated with parental accommodation of child anxiety symptoms

Objective Parental accommodation contributes to the maintenance of child anxiety and related symptoms. The current study examines the contributions of parent and child factors to parental accommodation in a sample of anxious youth. Methods Sixty-four treatment-seeking youth (6-16 years) and their mothers, as well as a subset of fathers (N = 41) reported on parental accommodation, parental distress and emotion regulation, child psychopathology, child externalizing behaviors, and child intolerance of uncertainty. Results Parental accommodation was not related to parental distress or emotion regulation. Parents who viewed their child as being more symptomatic (e.g., anxious, externalizing, and intolerant of uncertainty) were more likely to engage in accommodation. For mothers, child anxiety and externalizing symptoms were notable predictors of accommodation. Conclusions Parent perceptions of child symptomology is an important factor significantly related to accommodation behaviors. This finding can be used to inform programming designed to target parental responses to child anxiety and related disorders.
Arranging Ellipsoidal Particles in Three-Dimensional User-Specified Orientations with Ultrasound-Directed Self-Assembly

Ultrasound-directed self-assembly (DSA) enables particles to be arranged into user-specified patterns, which finds application in a myriad of engineering applications. However, using ultrasound DSA with nonspherical particles requires the ability to explicitly control their orientation. We theoretically derive a method to determine the operating parameters (amplitude and phase) of any arrangement of ultrasound transducers required to explicitly align ellipsoidal particles in any three-dimensional user-specified orientation. This method locally minimizes the acoustic radiation potential at user-specified locations and optimizes the curvature of the acoustic radiation potential to direct ellipsoidal particles into user-specified orientations. We show experimental validation using a single ellipsoidal expanded polystyrene particle in air and quantify the difference between the user-specified and experimentally obtained orientations. This work finds application in using ultrasound DSA in industrial processes and as a manufacturing method for engineered materials.
Growth charts for individuals with Coffin-Siris syndrome.

Coffin-Siris syndrome (CSS; OMIM #135900) is a rare, multisystem syndrome caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding the BRG-1 associated factors complex (BAF). Individuals with CSS often present with feeding difficulties and failure to thrive during infancy, in addition to a number of variable congenital anomalies. Nutritional interventions are used to support growth in this population, and growth hormone therapy has been reported in a limited number of cases. The purpose of this study was to construct CSS-specific growth charts to better characterize the growth in this population. Anthropometric data were collected from 99 individuals enrolled in the CSS/BAF pathway international registry via a retrospective chart review. All measurements obtained after the first exposure to growth hormone therapy were excluded from this analysis. Sex-specific centiles (5th, 50th, and 95th) were estimated for height, weight, and head circumference from birth to age 10. Cubic smoothing splines were then fit to the centile estimates and superimposed on normative male and female growth curves for comparison. The CSS patients in this cohort exhibited normal growth parameters at birth. By age 10, the weight and head circumference of the CSS cohort began to approach normal parameters. Stature, however, remained shortened at 10 years of age.
Translating Knowledge and Implementing a Successful Lifestyle Medicine Center

Lifestyle medicine is an emergent medical discipline charged with the task of reducing and managing risks for chronic disease, on both individual and population-based scales, and focusing on nonpharmacological and nonprocedural interventions. Despite the expanding evidence base and even awareness of how healthy lifestyles promote well-being and decrease chronic disease prevalence and impact, there is still a discrepant increasing risk in chronic disease burden, particularly multi-morbid disease states. The explanation of this discrepancy is based on implementation, which consists of first translating knowledge into action plans and then materializing and optimizing a Lifestyle Medicine Center. The materialization process consists of conceptualization (research, clinical practice, and education) and operationalization (planning, building, and managing). Two key features of this process are the chronic care model and implementation science. It is asserted that with more Lifestyle Medicine Centers that provide more clinical services, a new culture of health and healthcare can be realized.
A survey of dairy cattle veterinarians’ perspectives on timely management and euthanasia for common adult cow conditions

Timely euthanasia of compromised animals on dairy farms can reduce the poor welfare outcomes when recovery is prolonged or impossible. However, little to now research exists regarding euthanasia decision-making. The veterinarian is often involved in euthanasia decision-making, but it is not clear if there is consensus amongst dairy veterinarians on which conditions warrant euthanasia or appropriate timelines. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine dairy veterinarians’ perspectives on euthanasia decisions in response to 13 common adult cow conditions, 2) to assess preferred timelines for euthanasia for each condition, and 3) determine if gender or age of the veterinarians influenced their decision-making.
Fixation for Two-Dimensional $${\mathcal {U}}$$ U -Ising and $${\mathcal {U}}$$ U -Voter Dynamics

Given a finite family $${\mathcal {U}}$$ of finite subsets of $${\mathbb {Z}}^d\setminus \{0\}$$ , the $${\mathcal {U}}$$ -voter dynamics in the space of configurations $$\{+,-\}^{{\mathbb {Z}}^d}$$ is defined as follows: every $$v\in {\mathbb {Z}}^d$$ has an independent exponential random clock, and when the clock at v rings, the vertex v chooses $$X\in {\mathcal {U}}$$ uniformly at random. If the set $$v+X$$ is entirely in state $$+$$ (resp. −), then the state of v updates to $$+$$ (resp. −), otherwise nothing happens. The critical probability $$p_c^{\mathrm{vot}}({\mathbb {Z}}^d,{\mathcal {U}})$$ for this model is the infimum over p such that this system almost surely fixates at $$+$$ when the initial states for the vertices are chosen independently to be $$+$$ with probability p and to be − with probability $$1-p$$ . We prove that $$p_c^{\mathrm{vot}}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,{\mathcal {U}})<1$$ for a wide class of families $${\mathcal {U}}$$ . We moreover consider the $${\mathcal {U}}$$ -Ising dynamics and show that its corresponding critical probability $$p_c^{\mathrm{Is}}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,{\mathcal {U}})$$ is also less than 1, for many families $${\mathcal {U}}$$ , so that this model exhibits the same phase transition.
Spatial–numerical associations from a novel paradigm support the mental number line account:

Multiple tasks have been used to demonstrate the relation between numbers and space. The classic interpretation of these directional spatial–numerical associations (d-SNAs) is that they are the pro...
Environmental and economic analysis of low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) as a pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production

Abstract In the context of global energy supply, cellulosic ethanol plays an essential role due to being considered a renewable fuel and minimize environmental emissions when compared to the exploration and utilization of fossil fuels. However, the cellulosic ethanol production requires pretreatment before the fermentation process, which is considered an expensive procedure that makes the cellulosic ethanol production costly. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of using low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA) pretreatment for five different scenarios, which were 1000 tonne (t) of feedstock per day (Scenario I), 2000 t/d (Scenario II), 3000 t/d (Scenario III), 5000 t/d (Scenario IV), and 10,000 t/d (Scenario V), for ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse by using SuperPro software. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) were used to evaluate the feasibility and environmental impacts of the scenarios simulated. From the results, the capital costs increased according to the increase of the feedstock amount to be processed, having the most significant investment to the largest facility simulated (10,000 t/d). Mostly all the scenarios presented material costs (sugarcane bagasse, enzyme, yeast, and ammonia costs) as the expenses that impacted the most the overall annual operating costs, where sugarcane bagasse and ammonia were the responsible for around 58% and 40% of the total investment for material costs. In addition, from utility costs, it was observed that electricity represented around 45% of the annual utility costs for almost all the scenarios simulated. All the scenarios resulted in negative profit, and sensitivity analysis showed that ethanol sale price was the parameter that presented the greatest sensitivity for sugarcane bagasse ethanol production under LMAA pretreatment conditions evaluated in this study. Related to environmental aspects, the LCA results showed that the 2000 t/d facility simulated (Scenario II) presented the lowest Global Warming Potential (GWP) for several electricity supply technologies analyzed and presented a significant reduction of CO2 equivalent emissions, representing more than 80% lower greenhouse gasses emissions (GHG) when compared to the 10,000 t/d facility simulated (Scenario V).
Persuasion under the Influence of Fake News

We study a sequential Bayesian persuasion game in which two news senders having opposite preferences over two alternatives try to persuade voters. The first mover's informative news can be fabricated by the second mover's uninformative news, and either news is randomly transmitted to and received by voters who do not know its genuine source. We construct equilibrium strategies by introducing a novel method using a Rothschild-Stiglitz approach. We find that there are two types of equilibrium outcomes, which depend on the probability that the voters are exposed to the second sender's news -- which we call the prevalence of fake news. When the prevalence of fake news is low, the first sender produces more accurate news as the prevalence of fake news increases, thereby improving the voters' "information surplus." However, when the prevalence of fake news is high, the informativeness of the first sender's news deteriorates by the second sender's fabrication and thus the value of the news is reduced to zero. Our analysis explains an incentive of fake news production and its effect on the quality of the news transmitted via social media, where the source of news is hardly identifiable.
Getting to the Core of It All: Nanocapsules to Mitigate Infusion Reactions Can Promote Hemostasis and Be a Platform for Intravenous Therapies

One of the significant challenges to translation of intravenously administered nanomaterials has been complement-mediated infusion reactions which can be lethal. Slow infusions can reduce infusion reactions, but slow infusions are not always possible in applications like controlling bleeding following trauma. Thus, avoiding complement activation and infusion responses is essential to manage bleeding. We identified nanocapsules based on polyurethane as candidates that did not activate C5a and explored their PEGylation and functionalization with the GRGDS peptide to create a new class of hemostatic nanomaterials. Using the clinically relevant rotational thromboelastography (ROTEM), we determined that nanocapsules promote faster clotting than controls and maintain the maximum clot firmness, which is critical for reducing bleeding. Excitingly, these polyurethane-based nanocapsules did not activate complement or the major pro-inflammatory cytokines. This work provides critical evidence for the role of modulating the core material in developing safer nanomedicines for intravenous applications.