cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emerging Trends in Research and Social Psychiatry: Accomplishments and Future Prospects

In the past 20 years research efforts in social psychiatry have not only contributed to more appropriate and effective care for patients, but also has focused the research agenda more clearly. This paper will examine some important contributions, and efforts necessary to move forward in the coming years.
Twenty Opinion - Writing Myths

This article, reprinted from the author's Advanced Judicial Opinion Writing: A Handbook for New York State Trial and Appellate Courts (N.Y. St. Jud. Inst. 2004), discusses 20 myths about writing judicial opinions.
THE OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF CLAW-FOOT

A method for the correction of claw-foot is described. This consists of a capsulotomy of the metatarsophalangeal joints and transplantation of each individual extensor longus tendon into the corresponding metatarsal head. The results of fifteen operations are reported.
Linearization of phase-modulated analog links using four-wave mixing in an optical comb source

We present a high SFDR (123.7 dB) phase-modulated optical link, designed using nonlinear optical processing to eliminate third-order distortion. We also show its application to other areas of microwave photonics, specifically programmable function generation.
Notch signaling in mesenchymal stem cells harvested from geriatric mice.

Objectives Morbidity associated with geriatric fractures may be attributed, in part, to compromised mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) function within the fracture callus. The Notch signaling pathway is important for the healing of nonskeletal tissues in an age-dependent manner, but the effect of Notch on age-dependent fracture healing and MSC dysfunction has not been substantiated. The objective of this study was to examine Notch signaling in MSCs obtained from young and geriatric mice. Methods Marrow-derived MSCs were harvested from the femora of 5- and 25-month-old C57BL/6 mice. We assessed in vivo MSC number using CFU-F, proliferation using an Alamar Blue assay, osteoblast differentiation by Alizarin Red S staining, and adipogenic differentiation using Oil Red O staining. Notch receptor and ligand expression was assessed using quantitative PCR, and Notch signaling was assessed by evaluating Notch target gene expression (Hey and HES) under basal conditions and when cells were plated to Jagged-1 ligand. Results MSC from geriatric mice exhibit reduced MSC number (CFU-F), proliferation, adipogenesis, and inconsistent osteogenesis. The highest expressed Notch receptor is Notch 2, and the highest expressed ligand is Jagged-1, but there were no differences in ligand and receptor gene expression between young and old MSCs. Interestingly, geriatric MSCs show decreased basal Notch signaling activity but are fully responsive to Jagged-1 stimulation. Conclusions These data suggest that therapeutic targeting of Notch signaling should be explored in clinical therapies to improve geriatric fracture healing.
Comparison of two chemical cleaning process for CFB boiler

Guohua Ningdong Power Plant unit 2×330MW CFB boiler chemical cleaning are used hydrochloric acid,citric acid rinse,hydrogen peroxide passivation process,different in that its temporary installation of the system.In this paper,the cleaning process of these two units are compared,the type of boiler for future design of acid to provide a temporary system of reference.
The Development of TALE Nucleases for Biotechnology

The development of a facile genome engineering technology based on transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) has led to significant advances in diverse areas of science and medicine. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the development of TALENs and the use of this technology in basic science, biotechnology, and biomedical applications. This includes the discovery of DNA recognition by TALEs, engineering new TALE proteins to diverse targets, general advances in nuclease-based editing strategies, and challenges that are specific to various applications of the TALEN technology. We review examples of applying TALENs for studying gene function and regulation, generating disease models, and developing gene therapies. The current status of genome editing and future directions for other uses of these technologies are also discussed.
Corneal epithelial glycoproteins exhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilus binding activity.

Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the cornea is a requisite step in the pathogenesis of bacteriainduced corneal disease. P. aeruginosa is capable of attaching to host epithelial cells by its pili, but there is little information regarding the epithelial receptors of this adhesin in the cornea. Using nitrocellulose blotting of polyacrylamide gels of solubilized adult mouse corneal epithelium, four major proteins (molecular weights: 38, 42, 57, and 66 kD) and several minor proteins were identified that bound purified pili from strain PAK and its hyperpiliated mutant PAK/PR1. These proteins were identified by immunoblotting either with pilus-specific monoclonal antibodies, XLR-3 and PK 3B, or using peptide PAK 128-144 (OX). The glycosylated nature of the proteins was determined using similar gel electrophoresis of corneal epithelial proteins, blotting onto nitrocellulose, and staining the blots with lectins conjugated to either horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase. All four major pilus-binding proteins were stained with concanavalin A lectin (mannose and glucose) and either wheat germ agglutinin lectin (WGA, specific for sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine) or succinylated WGA lectin (only N-acetylglucosamine). Staining for peanut agglutinin lectin (galactose /?(l-3) N-acetylgalactosamine) was seen for the 42-, 57-, and 66-kD proteins. The importance of the carbohydrate portions of these corneal proteins in pili binding was confirmed by preincubation of corneal epithelial blots with periodate or pili with sialic acid, both of which abolished the pili binding. These studies indicate that corneal epithelial pilus-binding proteins are glycoproteins in nature and that sialic acid may be a constituent of these pilus-specific receptors in the adult mouse corneal epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:2185-2193,1992
Studies of dynamics of a lightweight wheeled mobile robot during longitudinal motion on soft ground

Abstract The paper is concerned with the study of longitudinal motion of a lightweight wheeled mobile robot on soft ground. The study is focused on the influence of the desired longitudinal velocity of a robot on both the longitudinal slip of the wheels and the ratio of wheel-terrain contact angles. Design of the four-wheeled skid-steered robot and research environment are described. Experimental investigations were conducted on a dedicated test stand with dry sand. A dynamics model of the robot-ground system taking into account properties of soft ground is presented. The classical terramechanics models of Bekker and Janosi-Hanamoto are used. Results of simulation research of robot motion and of the analogous experimental investigations are presented. Actual motion parameters of the robot and the values of longitudinal slip ratio of the wheels are determined. The results of simulation and experimental investigations are compared and discussed. A formula to describe front-to-back wheel-terrain contact angle ratio dependency on the desired velocity is proposed.
Detection of Anticytokine Autoantibodies and Clinical Applications

Anticytokine autoantibodies are an emerging mechanism of disease pathogenesis that have been shown to elicit a broad range of clinical phenotypes. Some anticytokine autoantibodies can lead to immune susceptibility, with examples including nontuberculous mycobacteria, salmonellae, or fungi due to autoantibodies against gamma interferon (IFN-γ) (1); staphylococcal infection due to anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) autoantibodies (2); Burkholderia gladioli infection due to anti-IL-12p70 autoantibodies (3); chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis due to anti-IL-17 and anti-IL-22 autoantibodies (4, 5); and cryptococcal meningitis (6) or Nocardia infection due to anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies (7). Other diseases in which immunodeficiency is not the primary presentation include the severe lung disease pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) caused by anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies; pure red cell aplasia (8); pure red-cell aplasia due to antierythropoietin autoantibodies (9); and severe osteoporosis associated with antiosteoprotegerin autoantibodies (10). For other anticytokine autoantibodies, such as anti-IFN-α autoantibodies detected in thymoma or autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome, their biological effect is not immediately apparent (11). Diagnosis has important implications for management because therapies can be used to directly target the underlying mechanism, i.e., a neutralizing antibody, and not just their ultimate clinical consequences, with approaches such as B-cell depletion (12–14) or receptor agonists (15).
Communicating Medical Recipes: Robert Boyle’s Genre and Rhetorical Strategies for Print

Toward the end of his life, in the 1680s, the experimental philosopher Robert Boyle (1627–1691) returned to a batch of medical materials which he had been writing and collecting for decades and prepared some pieces for publication.1 Among these papers was his vast collection of recipes, which numbered over 1000 and indiscriminately intermingled complicated chemical and metallic processes with Galenic simples.2 During the last decade-and-a-half of his life Boyle selectively revised a subset of this collection for the public, beginning with 50 recipes in the limited print run of Some Receipts of Medicines (1688), which he intended for private circulation. The final public edition of 100 recipes, Medicinal Experiments, was not published until 1692, the year after his death.3 This pocket-sized duodecimo was advertised as selling for the affordable price of one shilling, and the title page of the second edition was expanded to target more explicitly his intended audience, noting that it was ‘Useful in Families, and very Serviceable to Country People’. Two more volumes with several hundred more recipes appeared in 1693 and 1694, and a supplement was published in 1703, but these were amalgamations of his manuscripts selected by others after his death and lacked Boyle’s thoughtful evaluation methods. When judged by the multiple number of editions, volumes, and supplements, Boyle’s Medicinal Experiments was one of his most popular works, second only to his most popular, Seraphic Love, an early text characteristic of his moralist period.4 Boyle was the most prolific writer among the early Fellows of the Royal Society: more than 80 English editions of his works and more than 100 Latin translations were published between 1659 and 1700.5 Though best remembered today as the author of the Sceptical Chymist and related works on experiment and natural philosophy, Boyle maintained a literary career that extended into diverse non-fiction genres, and his medical recipe books made a significant contribution towards sustaining his legacy among a larger audience immediately after his death.
Networks as Self-Defense: Identity and Compensatory Network Activation (WITHDRAWN)

We argue that social networks function as more than pipes and prisms that transmit tangible and intangible resources interpersonally: they also serve people’s intrapersonal goals of identity mainte...
Toward human-centered algorithm design

As algorithms pervade numerous facets of daily life, they are incorporated into systems for increasingly diverse purposes. These systems’ results are often interpreted differently by the designers ...
Animal Creativity and Innovation: An Integrated Look at the Field

How do parrots learn human words, how do apes create new tools, and how do animals devise new behaviors to survive in a changing environment? The answer to these questions and more can found in the field of nonhuman creativity. This closing chapter provides insight into the inner workings of the field through synthesizing the information provided by the researchers featured in this book by placing their work in the broader context of animal creativity. We discuss how the collaborative effort of multiple fields, from human creativity, psychology, biology, ecology, and animal training can all offer valuable insights. We discuss what is known of creativity as an adaptive process in animals, examples of mechanism like social learning and generativity that facilitate creativity, difficulties found in the study of animal creativity, and interdisciplinary collaborations that have yielded answers. Our conclusions are that although much work has been done for nonhuman creativity, it is an expanding field with a vast potential for future research; it will continue to play a greater role in our understanding of animals and the natural world.
Distributed Consensus Algorithms for a Class of High-Order Multi-Agent Systems on Directed Graphs

We consider the consensus problem of high-order multi-agent systems, described by multiple integrator dynamics, under general directed graphs. In contrast to the existing results, we propose a fully-distributed consensus algorithm, albeit employing static state feedback. Specifically, it is shown that, with a suitably designed similarity transformation, consensus is reached under only the necessary and sufficient condition of an interconnection graph having a spanning tree. The proposed approach relaxes some restrictive assumptions commonly considered in the available literature, such as imposing global gains in the network and/or exploiting additional information from neighboring agents other than their position-like states. In addition, the proposed approach enables the explicit determination of the final consensus state even in the presence of constant communication delays. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Re-examining the Parkinsonian Personality hypothesis: A systematic review

Abstract The main objective of neurological examination for Parkinson's disease (PD) is to discover premorbid signs of the neurodegenerative disease. This is based on the definition of subclinical motor and non-motor symptoms, while psychological features are frequently neglected. However, the idea of premorbid “parkinsonian” personality (PP) has been discussed for over a century in clinical writings. Here, thirty-one articles have been included in this qualitative synthesis of literature aimed at re-examining this question. Early retrospective studies described personality profile using framed psychoanalytic terms such as negative emotionality, emotive rigidity and depression. Nowadays, the employment of standardized taxonomies of personality allows defining PP in a more unified framework. However, this large amount of evidence could not unravel the premorbid nature of PP. Four recent long-term prospective works have provided new impetus to this field of study demonstrating that low novelty seeking, high introversion, neuroticism and harm avoidance precede PD onset and might be a risk factor. Moreover, some PP dimensions (novelty seeking) change dynamically over time as a function of dopaminergic treatment or dysfunctions. The reviewed literature demonstrates that personality profile is an important hallmark of clinical course of PD, which should be used to assess subjects' vulnerability into daily clinical practice.
The Critical Shear Stress to Transmit A Peierls Screw Dislocation Across A Non-slipping Interface

The critical resolved shear stress to transmit a screw dislocation through a non-slipping (welded) bimaterial interface is studied as a function of the elastic mismatch across the interface and the nonlinear shear stress-relative shear displacement relation across the incoming and outgoing slip planes. This study extends the work of Pacheco and Mura (1969), by using a numerical approach that incorporates a variety of slip plane relations and by adopting a formulation by Beltz and Rice (1991) that accounts for the finite interplanar spacing across a slip plane. The geometry is specialized to the case when slip planes are perpendicular to the interface and numerical results are obtained for values of mismatch, Δμ, in elastic modulus equal to 20% of the average value. Numerical results in this regime confirm the Pacheco and Mura observation that the critical resolved shear stress is proportional to the mismatch in elastic shear modulus. A significant new result is that the critical resolved shear stress increases with the unstable stacking fault energy of the slip planes, but is relatively insensitive to the maximum shear strength of the slip planes. A simple model is constructed which adequately captures the dependence on stacking fault energy and elastic modulus mismatch. It is with pleasure and gratitude that this work is presented on the commemoration of the 60th birthday of Prof. James Rice, who as Ph.D. advisor to one of the authors (PMA), instilled a sense of enthusiasm and formalism to study dislocation-defect interactions of the type described herein.
Cell surface receptors for lymphokines: II. Studies on the carbohydrate composition of the MIF receptor on macrophages using synthetic saccharides and plant lectins

Abstract The carbohydrate composition of the surface receptor for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on guinea pig macrophages has been studied by examining the interaction of MIF with different saccharides and by testing the ability of plant lectins with known saccharide binding affinities to bind to macrophages and block their response to MIF. Comparison of the effectiveness of a variety of natural and synthetic mono- and disaccharides in inhibiting MIF activity in lymphocyte supernatants revealed that inhibitory activity was confined to natural 5-methylpentose sugars ( l -fucose > l -rhamnose = 6-deoxy- d -glucose) and synthetic saccharides containing α-fucosyl residues. Observations on the MIF inhibitory activity of synthetic fucosyl glycosides containing fucosyl residues of defined configuration at terminal and subterminal positions indicate that MIF interacts preferentially with terminal α- l -fucopyranosyl residues and does not recognize subterminal saccharides. Studies with disaccharides containing α-(1 → 2)-, α-(1 → 3), and α-(1 → 6)-linked l -fucosyl residues failed to reveal preferential interaction of MIF with any one linkage configuration. Incubation of macrophages before exposure to MIF with lectins that bind to terminal fucosyl residues (Lotus tetragonolobus and Ulex europaeusI, agglutinins) rendered them unresponsive to MIF but lectins which bind to nonterminal fucosyl residues and to other saccharides had no effect. The role of fucosyl residues in the binding of MIF by macrophages is discussed with reference to the possible composition of the MIF receptor and the role of fucose-containing glycolipids as receptors for this lymphokine.
Effects of Pulsatile Control Algorithms for Diagonal Pump on Hemodynamic Performance and Hemolysis.

The objective of this study is to compare hemodynamic performances under different pulsatile control algorithms between Medos DeltaStream DP3 and i-cor diagonal pumps in simulated pediatric and adult ECLS systems. An additional pilot study was designed to test hemolysis using two pumps during 12h-ECLS. The experimental circuit consisted of parallel combined pediatric and adult ECLS circuits using an i-cor pump head and either an i-cor console or Medos DeltaStream MDC console, a Medos Hilite 2400 LT oxygenator for the pediatric ECLS circuit, and a Medos Hilite 7000 LT oxygenator for the adult ECLS circuit. The circuit was primed with lactated Ringer's solution and human packed red blood cells (hematocrit 40%). Trials were conducted at various flow rates (pediatric circuit: 0.5 and 1L/min; adult circuit: 2 and 4L/min) under nonpulsatile and pulsatile modes (pulsatile amplitude: 1000-5000rpm [1000 rpm increments] for i-cor pump, 500-2500rpm [500 rpm increments] for Medos pump) at 36°C. In an additional protocol, fresh whole blood was used to test hemolysis under nonpulsatile and pulsatile modes using the two pump systems in adult ECLS circuits. Under pulsatile mode, energy equivalent pressures (EEP) were always greater than mean pressures for the two systems. Total hemodynamic energy (THE) and surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) levels delivered to the patient increased with increasing pulsatile amplitude and decreased with increasing flow rate. The i-cor pump outperformed at low flow rates, but the Medos pump performed superiorly at high flow rates. There was no significant difference between two pumps in percentage of THE loss. The plasma free hemoglobin level was always higher in the Medos DP3 pulsatile group at 4 L/min compared to others. Pulsatile control algorithms of Medos and i-cor consoles had great effects on pulsatility. Although high pulsatile amplitudes delivered higher levels of hemodynamic energy to the patient, the high rotational speeds increased the risk of hemolysis. Use of proper pulsatile amplitude settings and intermittent pulsatile mode are suggested to achieve better pulsatility and decrease the risk of hemolysis. Further optimized pulsatile control algorithms are needed.
The Complex L-Functions

This chapter is inserted for the convenience of the reader, showing how the values of the classical L-series and zeta function at the negative integers are the same as the values of the p-adic functions.
Financial Capability and Asset Building in Vulnerable Households: Theory and Practice

The Great Recession, rising income inequality, lack of affordable housing, student debt burdens: Recent financial crises have not only prompted national policy debates but also placed millions of h...
Mixture designs to investigate adverse effects upon co-exposure to environmental cyanotoxins

Abstract The goal of this study was to implement powerful mixture design techniques, commonly used in process optimization, to investigate enhanced adverse effects upon co-exposure to environmental cyanotoxins. Exposure to cyanobacteria, which are found ubiquitously in environmental water reservoirs, have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the known co-occurrence of various cyanotoxins, the majority of studies investigating this link have focused on the investigation of a single cyanotoxin, a noncanonical amino acid called β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), which poorly recapitulates an actual environmental exposure. Interactions amongst cyanotoxic compounds is an area of great concern and remains poorly understood. To this end, we describe the use of a simplex axial mixture design to screen for interactive adverse effects of cyanotoxic mixtures. Using a combination of basic toxicity assays coupled with contemporary proteomic techniques, our results show the existence of a significant (p ≤ 0.01) interaction between BMAA and its isomers aminoethyl glycine (AEG) and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (2,4DAB). Cyanotoxic mixtures significantly decreased cell viability by an average of 19% and increased caspases 3/7 activities by an average of 110% when compared to individual cyanotoxins (p ≤ 0.05). Cyanotoxic mixtures perturbed various biological pathways associated with neurodegeneration, including inhibition of protective autophagy and activation of mitochondrial dysfunction (z-score >|2|). Additionally, exposure to mixtures perturbed important upstream regulators involved in cellular dysfunction, morbidity, and development. Taken together, our results highlight: (1) the need to study combinations of cyanotoxins when investigating the link between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative pathologies and (2) the application of design of experiment (DoE) as an efficient methodology to study mixtures of relevant environmental toxins.
Patient Satisfaction and Pain Control Using an Opioid-Sparing Postoperative Pathway.

Background Opioids are overprescribed after surgical procedures, leading to dependence and diversion into the community. This can be mitigated by evidence-based prescribing practices. We investigated the feasibility of an opioid-sparing pain management strategy after surgical procedures. Study Design Patients undergoing 6 procedures were offered the opportunity to participate in an opioid-sparing pain management pathway. Patients were advised to use acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and were provided with a small “rescue” opioid prescription for breakthrough pain. They were then surveyed postoperatively about opioid use and patient-reported outcomes measures. Overall cohort characteristics and differences between opioid users and non-users were analyzed. Results A total of 190 patients were analyzed. Median prescription size was 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 4 to 6) pills and opioid use was 0 (IQR 0 to 4) pills. Fifty-two percent of patients used no opioids after procedures. Median number of leftover pills was 2 (IQR 0 to 5). Median pain score was 1 (IQR 1 to 2) and satisfaction score was 10 (IQR 8 to 10). Almost all (91%) patients agreed that their pain was manageable. Patients who used opioids were younger (52 ± 14 vs 59 ± 13 years; p = 0.001), reported higher pain scores (2 [IQR 1 to 2] vs 1 [1 to 2]; p = 0.014), received larger rescue prescriptions (6 ± 3 vs 4 ± 4 pills; p = 0.003), and were less likely to agree that their pain was manageable (82% vs 98%; p = 0.001). There were no other significant differences between opioid users and non-users. Conclusions Patients reported minimal or no opioid use after implementation of an opioid-sparing pathway, and still reported high satisfaction and pain control. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and acceptability of major reduction and even elimination of opioids after discharge from minor surgical procedures.
EMG-Informed Musculoskeletal Modeling to Estimate Realistic Knee Anterior Shear Force During Drop Vertical Jump in Female Athletes

The anterior cruciate ligament is the primary structural restraint to tibial anterior shear force. The anterior force occurring at the knee during landing contributes to anterior cruciate ligament injury risk, but it cannot be directly measured experimentally. The objective of this study was to develop electromyography-informed musculoskeletal simulations of the drop vertical jump motor task and assess the contribution of knee muscle forces to tibial anterior shear force. In this cross-sectional study, musculoskeletal simulations were used to estimate the muscle forces of thirteen female athletes performing a drop vertical jump using an electromyography-informed method. Muscle activation and knee loads that resulted from these simulations were compared to the results obtained with the more common approach of minimization of muscle effort (optimization-based method). Quadriceps–hamstrings and quadriceps–gastrocnemius co-contractions were progressively increased and their contribution to anterior shear force was quantified. The electromyography-informed method produced co-contraction indexes more consistent with electromyography data than the optimization-based method. The muscles that presented the largest contribution to peak anterior shear force were the gastrocnemii, likely from their wrapping around the posterior aspect of the tibia. The quadriceps–hamstring co-contraction provided a protective effect on the ACL and reduced peak anterior shear force by 292 N with a co-contraction index increase of 25% from baseline (31%), whereas a quadriceps–gastrocnemius co-contraction index of 61% increased peak anterior shear force by 797 N compared to baseline (42%). An increase in gastrocnemius contraction, which might be required to protect the ankle from the impact with the ground, produced a large quadriceps–gastrocnemius co-activation, increasing peak anterior shear force. A better understanding of each muscle’s contribution to anterior shear force and, consequently, anterior cruciate ligament tension may inform subject-specific injury prevention programs and rehabilitation protocols.
Hard and Soft Information to Achieve the Success of Project

The paper focuses on the issue of managers’ information needs, especially on project managers. A pilot empirical study investigating certain aspects of the work of project managers, particularly the perceived importance of various competencies and skills was carried out using a questionnaire. Based on the total score of the perceived importance, the most important competencies and skills were found. All the investigated competencies and skills can be linked to the needed information, which may be hard or soft. The results show that among the competencies and skills perceived by project managers as the most important ones significantly prevail those that are linked to soft information. These findings are discussed with respect to the author’s long-time experience and published work and also the results of other authors published in this area in the last years.
THE EXISTENCE OF INDONESIAN WOMEN IN WOOP.ID AS AN ONLINE PORTAL MEDIA INFORMATION

The impact of current Digital Era and the influx of various Popular cultures is one reason why women began to show their existence in online media. The digital age makes women and society as a whole find a lot of conveniences, one of which is finding information, news or articles. However, nowadays women are attached to a variety of negative opinions in online media such as pornography objects and sexism issues, but with the presence of a number of special websites around women as if they have more value than sexism but have a positive space in online media. The phenomenon of women's interrelation and the internet is interesting to observe because the internet has its own way of opening new spaces for women to interact those penetrate distance, space, and time. Women move into a market icon that has spectacular value in the world of marketing. Women are considered great beings who can balance between social life, family, carrier, entrepreneurs and various interesting hobbies simultaneously. By analyzing the contents of the text in the media and dissecting articles on the woop.id website that represent women in general and broad in a more concise portion of the lives of women who are active and dynamic in a portal. Acculturation of pop culture and conventional culture Fashion & Beauty, Health, Wedding, Love & Sex and other representations of how many parts of a woman positive action on the internet, not just being a cyberporn, sexual harassment, kidnapping, behavior narcissistic, and consumptive cultural targets. The existence of this website seems to be the starting point for all negative women's imagery in online media and helps accelerate women's empowerment in Indonesia.
Home gardening and associations with fruit and vegetable intake and BMI.

Objective: To understand who engages in home gardening and whether gardening is associated with fruit and vegetable intake and weight status. Design: A national cross-sectional survey. Setting: Online survey panel in the USA. Participants: Adults aged 18–75 years representing the US population with respect to gender, age, race/ethnicity, income and geographic region (n 3889). Results: Approximately 30 % of survey respondents reported growing edible plants in a home garden. Gardeners were more likely to be White or Asian, employed, have higher income, be married, have children in the household and live in rural areas. Gardeners were less likely to be obese and more likely to meet US dietary recommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption. In multivariable analyses, home gardens remained associated with fruit and vegetable intake and BMI when controlling for a range of socio-demographic characteristics and level of rurality. Conclusions: The current study identifies who is gardening in the USA and provides useful information for public health efforts to increase gardening as a nutrition intervention. Future research should examine the benefits of home gardening and interventions to increase home gardening using more rigorous designs.
Correlates of C-reactive protein with neural reward circuitry in adolescents with psychiatric symptoms.

Abstract Introduction Increased inflammation has been implicated in many psychiatric conditions across ages. We previously reported relationships between blood cytokine levels and anhedonia, the decreased capacity to experience pleasure, as well as with reward-related brain activation in adolescents with psychiatric symptoms. Here, we sought to extend this work in a larger cohort of adolescents with psychiatric symptoms and assess the relationships of C-Reactive Protein (CRP, inflammation biomarker) with clinical symptoms and reward-related brain activation. Methods Subjects were 64 psychotropic-medication-free adolescents with psychiatric symptoms (ages: 15.17 ​± ​2.10, 44 female). All had psychiatric evaluations and dimensional assessments for anxiety, depression, anhedonia, and suicidality. Neuroimaging included the Reward Flanker fMRI Task examining brain activation during reward anticipation, attainment, and positive prediction error. Both whole-brain and ROI analyses focusing on reward circuitry were performed. All analyses were controlled for BMI, age, and sex at pFWE Results No relationships were identified between CRP and clinical symptom severity. CRP was positively associated with brain activation during reward attainment in regions of the visual and dorsal attention networks, as well as during positive prediction error in the cerebellum. In ROI analyses, CRP was negatively correlated with brain activation during reward anticipation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. When one subject with high CRP was excluded, CRP was also positively correlated with positive predication error activation in the nucleus accumbens. Conclusion Despite the lack of association between CRP and clinical symptomatology, our fMRI findings suggest a relationship between inflammation and brain function early course of psychiatric conditions.
Wavelet Scattering Transform Based Induction Motor Current Signature Analysisa

In this paper wavelet scattering transform (WST) algorithm is proposed to analyze motor current signatures and extract faults features. The algorithm overcomes the short comings of the classical techniques, which are noise sensitivity and computational complexity in features extraction. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is also used to analyze motor current and compared with WST. The DCT is found to simplify the computational complexity without improving the detection accuracy. The WST is found to have better detection accuracy than other common fault detection algorithms. Moreover, the WST has the advantage of separating the envelope frequency in the broken bar case. The separation of the envelope frequency could be achieved in the first or second level of scattering. The data were obtained from an experimental set up consisting of an induction motor fed by a SiC-based inverter and coupled with a dc generator as a load. The dc generator was controlled by a commercial ABB-DCS800 motor drive, which is able to control torque pulsations to emulate faults.
Wealth and wealth inequality in adult HIV prevalence

# Background Studies investigating a correlation between economic status of household (wealth or income) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence have shown relationships ranging from insignificant to strong-positive. Using data from over 400,000 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) respondents in 29 African low- and middle-income countries receiving assistance from the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), this study was conducted on HIV prevalence as it relates to wealth and wealth inequality. # Methods Individual-level Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data was obtained for 2010-2016 from 29 PEPFAR recipient countries through the DHS data portal. These data link survey responses with the HIV test results from biomarker data. To adjust for sample selection bias in the observational data, an inverse probability reweighting (IPW) technique was used to create sample weights and estimate model parameters. # Results After reweighting, the wealth effects on prevalence are smaller, often statistically insignificant or inconsistent, indicating that higher levels of wealth are not associated with higher HIV prevalence. Low wealth (being poor) is associated with a higher risk for some segments of the population. The growing interest in the literature of "wealth" as a driver of the maturing HIV epidemic may be an artifact of the longer survival of wealthy people in the DHS observational data. The extent of wealth inequality in the region of residence is consistently a positive driver of higher prevalence. In all three wealth categories (tertiles of high, medium, low), more wealth inequality in a region is consistently associated with a higher HIV prevalence, other things remaining the same. # Conclusions The findings of the study suggest that supply-oriented policies (e.g. distribution of providers and programs) to integrate PEPFAR activities into country health systems targeted to areas where wealth inequality is high and where pockets of low-wealth populations are found would have the greatest impact.
Renal Decline Following Heart Transplant

Purpose Renal decline is common after organ transplantation and is often attributed to nephrotoxic immunosuppressive regimens. There are limited data on the impact of renal decline and survival following heart transplant (HTx). We assessed the association of renal decline following HTx and 3-year mortality. Methods This was a retrospective review of our institutional HTx database from 2012-2019. Multi organ transplants were excluded. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were calculated by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria and CKD Staging System, respectively. The primary outcome was renal decline within 3 years of transplantation. For those without baseline CKD, renal decline was defined as the development of stage 3+ CKD. For those with baseline CKD, renal decline was defined as progression in CKD stages or ≥20% decrease in eGFR. Those that died within 30 days were excluded from the renal decline analysis. Results 232 patients met study entry criteria with 106 (45.7%) having baseline CKD. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 1.7% (n=4). A total of 91/232 (39.2%) patients experienced an AKI within 7 post-operative days. The rate of renal decline within 3 years post-operatively was 43.4% (n=99). Permanent dialysis was required in 13/232 (5.6%) of patients. There were no differences in progression of renal decline in those that did and did not experience an AKI (44.9% versus 42.4%, P=.784). There were no differences in 3-year mortality between those that did and did not experience renal decline (7.1% versus 9.3%, P=.633). On binary logistic regression, the following variables were associated with renal decline: age (OR 1.043, 95% CI 1.02-1.07, P=.002), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.28-4.50, P=.006), and baseline CKD (OR .31, 95% CI .17-.59, P Conclusion Renal decline is common after heart transplantation but does not increase mortality risk over a 3-year period.
Stability challenges of electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction: From mechanistic understanding to reactor design

Summary The electrochemical synthesis of chemicals and fuel feedstocks has been demonstrated to be a sustainable and "green" alternative to traditional chemical engineering, where oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a vital role in coupling with various cathodic reactions. While tremendous attention, involving both research and review topics, has been focused on pushing the limit of OER catalysts' activity, the long-term stability of OER catalysts, which may play an even more important role in large-scale electrolysis industrialization, has been much less emphasized. Until this point, few systematic strategies for developing OER catalysts with industrially relevant durability have been reported. In this review, critical mechanisms that could influence OER stability are summarized, including surface reconstruction, lattice oxygen evolution, and the dissolution-redeposition process of catalysts. Moreover, to bridge the gap between lab-scale OER tests and large-scale electrocatalysis applications, stability considerations in electrolyzer design for long-term operation are also discussed in detail. This review provides catalyst and reactor design principles for overcoming OER stability challenges and will focus more attention from the field on the great importance of OER stability as well as future large-scale electrocatalysis applications.
Barbiturate and Opiate Actions on Calcium-Dependent Action Potentials and Currents of Mouse Neurons in Cell Culture

The purpose of this chapter is to consider the actions of depressant drugs on calcium entry into neurons. Since presynaptic calcium entry is an essential link in excitation-secretion coupling of synaptic transmission, a reduction of calcium entry by depressant drugs should produce a reduction in neurotransmitter release and therefore a reduction in synaptic transmission. In this chapter we will review evidence obtained by using intracellular recordings from mouse neurons in primary dissociated cell culture which indicates that barbiturate and opiate drugs reduce presynaptic calcium entry. Evidence will also be presented which suggest that there are substantial differences in the manner in which these two drug classes modify calcium movement.
Dysregulation of Circadian System in Parkinson’s Disease

Circadian rhythms are physiological and behavioral cycles with a periodicity of approximately 24 h, generated by the endogenous biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). These rhythms influence most physiological processes, including the sleep–wake cycle. The exact pathophysiology of sleep–wake disturbances in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains largely unknown, but the etiology is likely to be multifactorial, including influence of motor PD symptoms on sleep, adverse effects of antiparkinsonian medications, and neurodegeneration of central sleep regulatory areas. The circadian system and its main central pacemaker, the SCN, have a major influence on sleep–wake homeostasis. A growing body of evidence points to significant alterations of the circadian system in PD. Despite this, little is known about the role of the circadian system in the regulation of sleep–wake cycles in PD. In this chapter, we discuss the role of the circadian system in the regulation of the sleep–wake cycle and outline implications of circadian timekeeping in PD.
Influence of dietary energy intake on prepubertal development of Brahman bulls.

Twelve Brahman bulls (paired by sire, weight and age) were assigned randomly and limit fed to gain either .10 to .25 (moderate gain; MG) or .75 to 1.0 (high gain: HG) kg.hd-1.d-1 to examine the effect of dietary energy on onset of puberty. Hip height (HH), scrotal circumference (SC) and serum samples (20 min for 6 h) were obtained at four times (AGE): 0, 56 and 112 d on feed and after appearance of first motile spermatozoa (FS) in the ejaculate of HG bull of the pair. At FS both bulls of a pair were slaughtered, reproductive tissues were collected and in vitro GnRH release from the median eminence (ME) was measured. Increases in BW, HH and SC were greater (P less than .05) in HG bulls. Basal ME GnRH secretion was greater (P less than .05) in HG bulls. Serum LH concentrations were unchanged by energy level (P greater than .10) but increased (P less than .01) with increasing AGE. AGE and energy level increased (P less than .01) basal, mean and total serum testosterone (T) and these two factors acted synergistically (P less than .01). Height and amplitude of T pulses were increased by energy level (P less than .003) and AGE (P less than .002). Testicular T (P less than .08) and development (P less than .05) were increased in HG bulls. Growth hormone peak height and amplitude concentrations following feeding increased with AGE (P less than .06) but were not altered (P greater than .10) by energy level. Serum triglycerides (P less than .03) and BUN (P less than .003) increased with increasing AGE (P greater than .01). These data indicate that dietary energy level influences onset of puberty most directly at the testicular level.
Consultation-liaison psychiatry and funding: Why can't alice find wonderland?

Abstract Consultation-liaison psychiatry programs have long suffered from a lack of direct financial support. In this article, the authors report on the various mechanisms that the surveyed consultation-liaison programs use to obtain funding and present a review of research findings demonstrating the cost effectiveness of liaison psychiatry in offsetting more expensive medical expenditures.
The effect of varied instructional emphasis upon the development of a motor skill.

Abstract This study was conducted in an attempt to determine the effect that varied instructional emphasis on speed and accuracy would have upon the acquisition of a forehand tennis stroke. Twenty-one male high school students who had never played tennis nor received tennis instruction were randomly placed in three experimental groups and subjected to five weeks of varied instruction and practice. Maximum attainment of ball velocity and/or ball-placement accuracy was encouraged at predetermined intervals. Selected physical measures of age, height, weight, grip strength, coordination, and reaction movement time were obtained and statistically compared to resultant ball velocity and accuracy means. Further analysis compared ball velocity and accuracy means between and among experimental groups. The most desirable results were obtained by equal instructional emphasis on speed and accuracy simultaneously. An accuracy emphasis followed by a maximum velocity emphasis proved least beneficial.
A novel capacitor voltage balancing method in modular multilevel converters

Modular multilevel converters (MMC) are used in the applications such as medium voltage multi-megawatt drives and in HVDC power transmission. The converter has several sub-modules connected in series that are switched appropriately to regulate the pole voltage. Besides regulation of output voltage, it is also essential to regulate the individual sub-module capacitor voltages. In this paper, a novel modulation scheme for an MMC converter based on carrier phase shifted PWM is proposed. The proposed modulation scheme balances the sub-module capacitor voltages without distortions in output voltage. The scheme combines the best features of the two well-known modulation approaches, namely, carrier-based modulation approach and sub-module insertion approach. Real-time simulation results modeling a single leg MMC converter using a Typhoon HIL system are presented to validate the performance of the proposed modulation scheme.