cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA08: Somatic p53 mutations drive development of triple-negative breast cancer with evolutionarily distinct metastases

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease generally comprising four molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 enriched, and basal-like. Basal-like breast cancers, the majority of which are triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs), are the most aggressive with the poorest prognosis and no targeted therapies. The majority of these tumors (80-88%) have mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor, which suggests an important role for TP53 mutations in tumor initiation and progression. We have created two novel conditional mutant p53 alleles in the mouse, p53wm-R172H and p53wm-R245W. These alleles are wild type, but in response to Cre-mediated recombination, they produce p53R172H and p53R245W proteins that correspond to p53R175H and p53R248W hot spot mutants in human TNBCs. In a somatic breast cancer model, p53 mutations in a few mammary epithelial cells were generated using intraductal injection of Ad-Cre. Importantly, the stroma and immune cells retain wild type p53. p53wm-R172H/+ mice rarely developed breast cancer while p53wm-R172H/fl (includes the p53R172H mutation and a p53-null allele) and p53wm-R245W/+ readily developed breast carcinomas, a subset of which are TNBCs that metastasized to the lung and liver, common sites of human breast cancer metastasis. Whole-exome sequencing of p53R245W tumors revealed different evolution patterns for metastases. These models most closely simulate the genesis of TNBCs and will thus be invaluable in testing novel therapeutic combinations. Citation Format: Yun Zhang, Shunbin Xiong, Guillermina Lozano. Somatic p53 mutations drive development of triple-negative breast cancer with evolutionarily distinct metastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA08.
Quantitative Measurement of Naïve T Cell Association With Dendritic Cells, FRCs, and Blood Vessels in Lymph Nodes.

T cells play a vital role in eliminating pathogenic infections. To activate, naive T cells search lymph nodes (LNs) for dendritic cells (DCs). Positioning and movement of T cells in LNs is influenced by chemokines including CCL21 as well as multiple cell types and structures in the LNs. Previous studies have suggested that T cell positioning facilitates DC colocalization leading to T:DC interaction. Despite the influence chemical signals, cells, and structures can have on naive T cell positioning, relatively few studies have used quantitative measures to directly compare T cell interactions with key cell types. Here, we use Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and normalized mutual information (NMI) to quantify the extent to which naive T cells spatially associate with DCs, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), and blood vessels in LNs. We measure spatial associations in physiologically relevant regions. We find that T cells are more spatially associated with FRCs than with their ultimate targets, DCs. We also investigated the role of a key motility chemokine receptor, CCR7, on T cell colocalization with DCs. We find that CCR7 deficiency does not decrease naive T cell association with DCs, in fact, CCR7-/- T cells show slightly higher DC association compared with wild type T cells. By revealing these associations, we gain insights into factors that drive T cell localization, potentially affecting the timing of productive T:DC interactions and T cell activation.
Modeling and Managing Traffic Flow Through Hyperbolic Conservation Laws

Continuum models for traffic flows may serve as a tool for the optimal management of traffic. From the mathematical point of view, the development of a control theory for conservation laws is still at its beginning. From the engineering point of view, both the optimality criteria and the selection of the controllable parameters seem far from being standardized.
Landscape preference model in HCI: Emotion and Interactivity

The study investigates the mediating role of emotional states and perceived interactivity in the formation of preference for website by revisiting the Landscape Preference Model (LPM) recently introduced to IS literature (Kaplan 1988; Singh, Dalal et al. 2005; Singh, Todd Donavan et al. 2008; Lee and Kozar 2009). We hypothesize that, in HCI context, the variables in exploration dimension of LPM matrix (Complexity and Mystery) affect user’s attitude and behavioral intention to the extent that they are mediated by the perception of interactivity. Relying on regulatory focus theory(Higgins 1998), the study further examines two different types of emotional state produced as a function of the difference in motivational origin of factors postulated by the extant LPM. We expect that the results will indicate the proposed additions of both interactivity construct and emotional distinctions provide an important elaboration on the molar level guidance that LPM promised to offer for HCI designers.
Corporate Perceptions of Job Satisfaction And Educational Needs

During the winter of 1986, The Ohio State University Department of Avi,ation conducted a survey of randomly selected National Business Aircraft Association members. The survey served two explicit purposes (1) addressing the need for information to be used in the design of a course at OSU in corporate flight operations; and (2) assessing the needs of the industry for workshops and seminars in communication and management. Direct information from corporate flight departments was sought to insure that the practical concerns of the corporate pilot or flight department manager be combined with organizational communication and management strategies tailored to the specific needs of the industry. This information was gathered through a series of scaled responses, and through closed and open ended questions. Industry cooperation and support has been excellent. The questionnaire's design provides insight into the perceptions of corporate pilots and managers regarding a number of factors that pertain to their degree of job satisfaction. Public attention regarding aviation continues to focus on the airlines. Expansion, collapse, takeovers, hires, furloughs, unions, and routes all receive media attention. Primarily through the media, the general public and many prospective aviation professionals have become aware of the pilot shortage and the projected continued hires by major lines. Even among many commercial pilots the traditional goal continues to be attaining a major airlines captain slot despite the two-tier pay scales and changing benefits. The rites of passage for a non-military pilot to build experience traditionally consisted of a progression from flight instructor to Part 135 then to corporate or to regionals then to majors. Those entering the corporate market have tended to remain in it. The corporate market on the surface seems healthy. The NBAA reports an increase in member aircraft (5,547) and corporate membership (2,941) in 1985. Except for 1983, membership shows an approximate growth of 10% per year. Company loyalty is often high, although conditions in corporate flight departments are known to vary greatly. What is there about the corporate arena that allows it to retain high time experienced professionals who have one of the best safety records in the business? Is it in the best interest of the industry that corporate aviation be such a well kept secret? This study only provides an introduction to such questions. The paper examines those aspects of the OSU survey results which indicate the degree of satisfaction that survey respondent corporate managers and pilots exhibit regarding their perceptions of (1) their own company compared with other corporate flight operations; and (2) their position in their own company compared with a similar position with a major airlines. Those educational needs identified by the NBAA members as beneficial to either students soon to be operating in the corporate environment or to individuals already in the field are briefly addressed as well.
Material community deprivation and hospital utilization during the first year of life: an urban population-based cohort study.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to conduct an individual-level analysis of hospital utilization during the first year of life to test the hypothesis that community material deprivation increases health care utilization. Methods We used a population-based perinatal data repository based on linkage of electronic health records from regional delivery hospitals to subsequent hospital utilization at the region's only dedicated children's hospital. Zero-inflated Poisson and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to quantify the causal role of a census tract–based deprivation index on the total number, length, and time until hospital utilization during the first year of life. Results After adjusting for any neonatal intensive care unit admission, chronic complex conditions, race and ethnicity, insurance status, birth season, and very low birth weight, we found that a 10% increase in the deprivation index caused a 1.032-fold increase (95% confidence interval (CI), [1.025–1.040]) in post initial hospitalization length of stay, a 1.011-fold increase (95% CI, [1.002–1.021]) in number of post initial hospital encounters, and 1.022-fold increase (95% CI, [1.009–1.035]) in hazard for hospitalization utilization during the first year of life. Conclusions Interventions designed to reduce material deprivation and income inequalities could significantly reduce infant hospital utilization.
Gridless DSMC

This work concerns the development of a gridless method for modeling the inter-particle collisions of a gas. Conventional fixed-grid algorithms are susceptible to grid-mismatch to the physical system, resulting in erroneous solutions. On the contrary, a gridless algorithm can be used to simulate various physical systems without the need to perform grid-mesh optimization. An octree algorithm provides the gridless character to a direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code by automatically sorting nearest-neighbor gas particles into local clusters. Automatic clustering allows abstraction of the DSMC algorithm from the physical system of the problem in question. This abstraction provides flexibility for domains with complex geometries as well as a decreased code development time for a given physical problem. To evaluate the practicality of this code, the time required to perform the gridless overhead from the octree sort is investigated. This investigation shows that the gridless method can indeed be practical and compete with other DSMC codes. To validate gridless DSMC, results of several benchmark simulations are compared to results from a fixed-grid code. The benchmark simulations include several Couette flows of differing Knudsen number, low-velocity flow past a thin plate, and two hypersonic flows past embedded objects at a Mach number of 10. The results of this comparison to traditional DSMC are favorable. This work is intended to become part of a larger gridless simulation tool for collisional plasmas. Corresponding work includes a gridless field solver using an octree for the evaluation of long range electrostatic forces. We plan to merge the two methods creating a gridless framework for simulating collisional-plasmas.
Cicero's Historical Approach to the Best Regime

Book 2 of Cicero's On the Republic features a historical account of the Roman republican regime, given by Scipio, the lead character in the dialogue. The main question I will seek to answer is as follows: To what extent does Scipio's historical account falsify the best evidence for the sake of idealizing Rome, and to what extent does it merely present events selectively for the sake of describing the republican regime? Sympathetic and unsympathetic scholars of Cicero have too often failed to ask that question. Attention must be given to Cicero's self-criticism, put in the mouth of Laelius, who accuses Scipio of exaggerating Romulus' achievement; that passage (Rep. 2.21-22) demands careful analysis, especially as it relates to Socrates, Plato, and other philosophers. Also relevant to Cicero's use of history are the beginning sections of On the Laws, which treat the difference between history and poetry. (This proposal is also being submitted to the Society for Greek Political Thought.)
Hatching Some Empirical Evidence: Minority Ownership Policy and the FCC’s Incubator Program

Despite the ongoing legal and regulatory battle over media ownership policy, control of broadcast outlets among racial and ethnic minorities and women has remained at critically low levels. The Fed...
Using DNA to Identify the Source of Invasive Mongooses, Herpestes auropunctatus (Carnivora: Herpestidae) Captured on Kaua'i, Hawaiian Islands

Two small Indian mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) were livecaptured in 2012 at separate locations on the Hawaiian Island ofKaua‘i, which was previously considered to be free of this invasive species.Genotypes from these two individuals were compared to genotypes of H. auropunctatus from the islands of Hawai‘i (n = 39),O‘ahu (n = 91),Maui (n = 39), and Moloka‘i (n = 19) to determine the island of origin of theKaua‘i individuals. Genotypes were generated fromeach individual using five microsatellite loci. Genetic clustering was estimated by Bayesian inference of spatial clustering of individuals and clustering of groups of individuals. Both analyses separated the samples into three distinct genetic clusters (K = 3).Kaua‘i individuals consistently formed a single cluster with individuals from O‘ahu, whereas Hawai‘i and Maui formed a second cluster, and Moloka‘i was the third cluster.Thus, we conclude that the origin of two H. auropunctatus captured on Kaua‘i wasO‘ahu. All three genetic clusters showed evidence of transportation of mongooses between islands, indicating that sampled islands in the archipelago are capable of acting as both donors and receivers of mongooses.
Combinatorial, Microparticle-Based Delivery of Immune Modulators Reprograms the Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Promotes Remission of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice

Safe, effective, antigen-specific therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains an elusive clinical goal with a few lasting, viable options on the horizon. Existing therapeutic interventions are indiscriminate and inconsistently immunosuppressive, often leaving patients susceptible to infection. Herein, we investigate the use of a dual-sized, microparticle “regulatory vaccine” (REGvac) that passively targets dendritic cells for antigen-specific biomaterial-based immunotherapy of RA. This REGvac employs poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic-acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) encapsulating (i) a dendritic cell chemoattractant, (ii) potent immunosuppressive molecules, (iii) and an RA-relevant autoantigen to provide a multifaceted approach for the treatment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), the primary mouse model of RA. Subcutaneous administrations of the REGvac after mice had developed moderate clinical symptoms markedly diminished overt inflammation in the paws, halted cartilage degradation, and restored gait para...
A Multilayered Jurisdictional Patchwork: The Reemergence of Immigration Federalism in the United States

This paper focuses on the immigration-related demands currently being placed on local police in the United States, and the emergence of what we call a “multilayered jurisdictional patchwork” (MJP) of immigration enforcement. The evolving relationship between layers of government involved in enforcing immigration laws, sometimes dubbed “immigration federalism,” has so far received more attention from legal scholars than from social scientists. Against this backdrop, we report results from nationwide surveys of city police chiefs and county sheriffs and intensive fieldwork in three jurisdictions. The enforcement landscape we describe is complicated by the varying and over-lapping responsibilities of sheriffs and city police, and by the tendency for sheriffs to maintain closer relationships with federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) authorities. We highlight the contradictions inherent in this patchwork through case studies of Mesa, Arizona; New Haven, Connecticut; and Raleigh, North Carolina. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of the MJP - for immigrants, for their communities, and for the evolving relationship between levels of government in the federal system.
Atomic Hydrogen Reactions of Alkanethiols on Au(111): Phase Transitions at Elevated Temperatures

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) was used to observe the chemical transformations of an octanethiolate monolayer on Au(111) exposed to gas-phase atomic hydrogen at 27 ○C. Reaction begins with th...
Quasiparticle energies and excitonic effects of chromium trichloride: From two dimensions to bulk

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals magnetic structures provide precious opportunities to study excited-state properties of correlated materials under quantum confinement. This paper reveals enhanced excitonic effects in 2D and bulk CrCl${}_{3}$, in which the electron-hole (e-h) binding energy reaches more than 2 eV. The calculated exciton positions agree with measurements. Particularly, the e-h binding energy is more sensitive to quantum confinement than the self-energy correction. As a result, an unusual red shift of the ``optical gap'' is observed in thinner samples, which is opposite to the widely observed blue shift trend.
Forms of address in interaction: Evidence from Chilean Spanish

Abstract This study reexamines the nature of forms of address in Chilean Spanish. Traditionally, survey-, ethnography- and interview-based methods have suggested that the address system of Chilean Spanish is rather static—in other words, that the choice between second person singular pronouns and their corresponding verbal inflections is uniquely determined by the relationship between speaker, interlocutor, and setting. Additionally, when variable usage has been documented, it has been observed in semi-staged and scripted settings, and interpreted as a random phenomenon in which shifts occur freely and unmarkedly. Using evidence from both unstaged everyday, ordinary talk settings and institutional contexts, this study demonstrates that address forms in Chilean Spanish are dynamic, and that speakers of this variety deploy them strategically to achieve their interactional goals. This locates my study within previous sociolinguistic research of the interactional strand, in which forms of address are interpreted as tools that speakers use to discursively construct relevant, time-specific aspects of their identities. Ultimately, it demonstrates that, far from being unequivocally constrained by socially conventionalized pragmatic norms, speakers are in control of their linguistic, discursive resources, and deploy different and varied address forms in ways that allow them to accomplish their immediate interactional goals.
Correction of immunosuppression in aged septic rats by human ghrelin and growth hormone through the vagus nerve-dependent inhibition of TGF-β production

Co-administration of human ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) reverse immunosuppression in septic aged animals, but the mechanism remains elusive. Here, we hypothesize that ghrelin and GH co-treatment restores the immune response in aged septic rats by inhibiting the production of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), an immunoregulatory cytokine, through the vagus nerve. Male aged Fischer rats (22–23-month-old) were made septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) with or without dissecting the vagus nerve (vagotomy). Human ghrelin and GH or vehicle (PBS) were administrated subcutaneously at 5 h post CLP. After 20 h of CLP, serum and spleens were harvested. Serum TGF-β levels were increased in septic aged rats, while ghrelin and GH treatment significantly reduced its levels. Expression of TGF-β in the spleen was upregulated after sepsis, while ghrelin and GH treatment significantly inhibited its expression. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly reduced after ex vivo LPS stimulation of splenocytes from rats that underwent CLP compared to sham rats; while these levels were significantly higher in splenocytes from ghrelin and GH-treated CLP rats compared to vehicle-treated CLP rats. Ghrelin and GH treatment reduced program death receptor-1 (PD-1) expression, increased human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) expression, attenuated lymphopenia, and cleaved caspase-3 levels in the spleen of septic aged rats. Vagotomy diminished the beneficial effects of ghrelin and GH treatment in septic rats. In vitro, the addition of ghrelin, GH, or ghrelin and GH together had no effect on restoring immune response in splenocytes from CLP rats following LPS stimulation, indicating the requirement of the vagus nerve for ghrelin and GH’s effect. Ghrelin and GH attenuate immunosuppression in aged septic rats through the vagus nerve-dependent inhibition of TGF-β production.
Microstructure and high temperature tensile properties of 316L fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion

Abstract 316L stainless steel fabricated by laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) has attracted significant attention due to a unique combination of strength and ductility at room temperature. Understanding of high temperature tensile properties of LPBF fabricated 316L is, however, limited. In the present investigation, tensile testing was conducted at 20–700oC on LPBF 316L in as printed condition and after annealing for 5 h at 500–800oC. Room temperature data confirmed the excellent ductility of the LPBF-processed 316L steel due to the cellular structure with high dislocation density. However, a significant decrease in ductility was observed at temperatures above 200oC. These results are consistent with a change of deformation mechanisms observed in wrought 316L, with twinning playing a key role at room temperature. Microstructure characterization and tensile testing revealed that the cellular structure is stable up to 500oC, but a decrease of yield strength was observed at temperatures above 600oC likely due to a decrease in dislocation density via annealing.
Strategy for reliable identification of ischaemic stroke, thrombolytics and thrombectomy in large administrative databases.

Background Administrative data are frequently used in stroke research. Ensuring accurate identification of patients who had an ischaemic stroke, and those receiving thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is critical to ensure representativeness and generalisability. We examined differences in patient samples based on mode of identification, and propose a strategy for future patient and procedure identification in large administrative databases. Methods We used non-public administrative data from the state of California to identify all patients who had an ischaemic stroke discharged from an emergency department (ED) or inpatient hospitalisation from 2010 to 2017 based on International Classification of Disease (ICD-9) (2010–2015), ICD-10 (2015–2017) and Medicare Severity-Diagnosis-related Group (MS-DRG) discharge codes. We identified patients with interhospital transfers, patients receiving thrombolytics and patients treated with EVT based on ICD, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and MS-DRG codes. We determined what proportion of these transfers and procedures would have been identified with ICD versus MS-DRG discharge codes. Results Of 365 099 ischaemic stroke encounters, most (87.70%) had both a stroke-related ICD-9 or ICD-10 code and stroke-related MS-DRG code; 12.28% had only an ICD-9 or ICD-10 code and 0.02% had only an MS-DRG code. Nearly all transfers (99.99%) were identified using ICD codes. We identified 32 433 thrombolytic-treated patients (8.9% of total) using ICD, CPT and MS-DRG codes; the combination of ICD and CPT codes identified nearly all (98%). We identified 7691 patients treated with EVT (2.1% of total) using ICD and MS-DRG codes; both MS-DRG and ICD-9/ICD-10 codes were necessary because ICD codes alone missed 13.2% of EVTs. CPT codes only pertain to outpatient/ED patients and are not useful for EVT identification. Conclusions ICD-9/ICD-10 diagnosis codes capture nearly all ischaemic stroke encounters and transfers, while the combination of ICD-9/ICD-10 and CPT codes are adequate for identifying thrombolytic treatment in administrative datasets. However, MS-DRG codes are necessary in addition to ICD codes for identifying EVT, likely due to favourable reimbursement for EVT-related MS-DRG codes incentivising accurate coding.
Marginal Density Averaging for Distributed Node Localization from Local Edge Measurements

The cooperative localization problem consists of a group of networked agents aiming to find the true probability density function(pdf) of their states. Unlike existing algorithms such as Distributed Kalman filters or non-Bayesian social learning, our algorithm restricts each agent’s estimates to a local pdf on its own and its neighbors’ state variables. The agents update these pdfs via local observations of their neighbors and their shared messages. This partial state estimation problem is formulated as a distributed constrained optimization in the space of probability density functions. Consistent estimates across the agents are enforced with a constraint requiring equal estimated densities over common states in every communicating agent pair. Stochastic mirror descent steps are then computed to develop a novel cooperative estimation algorithm with geometric averaging over the common marginals to enforce the constraint. We specialize this algorithm to update rules with Gaussian observation models and density estimates. The Gaussian relative position observations are simulated and accuracy is compared to Belief propagation and full state consensus algorithms in varying graph topology.
Prefrontal–Amygdala Dysregulation to Threat in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Functional abnormalities in fear circuitry are likely to underlie the pathophysiology of pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the few studies to date have yielded conflicting findings. Furthermore, network level functional connectivity and age-related disruptions in fear circuitry have not been thoroughly explored. In a cross-sectional design, 24 healthy and 24 medication-free youth with severe PTSD completed an event-related emotion-processing task during functional MRI. Youth viewed threat and neutral images, half of which were paired with a neutral male face. Group- and age-related differences in brain activation were examined in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala, and hippocampus. Amygdala functional connectivity was examined using a seed-based approach. PTSD youth showed hyperactivation of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) to threat images. In the dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC), age positively predicted activation in healthy youth but negatively predicted activation in PTSD youth. In the amygdala functional connectivity analysis, PTSD youth showed decreased amygdala-mPFC connectivity to threat images. Furthermore, age positively predicted amygdala-vmPFC connectivity in healthy youth, but negatively predicted connectivity in PTSD youth. Finally, dmPFC activation and amygdala-mPFC connectivity were inversely related to PTSD severity. Pediatric PTSD involves abnormal functional activation and connectivity in fear circuitry. Specifically, dACC hyperactivation is consistent with abnormal promotion of fear responses, whereas reduced amygdala-mPFC connectivity suggests impaired regulation of amygdala responses to threat. Importantly, age-dependent decreases in dmPFC activation and amygdala-vmPFC connectivity may indicate abnormal developmental processes in key emotion pathways in pediatric PTSD.
Progress in the Delivery of Health Care in Mexico

The Joint Pediatric Congress of the National Confederation of Pediatrics in Mexico and of the Mexican Association of Pediatrics, held April 28 through May 4, 1980, provided an unusual opportunity to review the dramatic changes that have been implemented in the past few years in the health care system of Mexico. A social security system, embodying health and welfare services and retirement benefits, became law in Mexico in 1943. In addition to supporting community welfare services, it has struggled to develop a format and resources for delivery of health care to the masses of Mexicans, including the poor or those too isolated from urban centers to have any effective access to the benefits of modern health technology.
The proximity of the C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L7/L12 to L10 determined by cysteine site-directed mutagenesis and protein-protein cross-linking

Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to produce a serine 89 to cysteine 89 substitution in the C-terminal globular domain of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L7/L12. Cys-89 represented the only cysteine residue in the protein. L7/L12Cys89 was overproduced in E. coli and purified. An allele replacement strain was also constructed. Growth of this strain was indistinguishable from that of wild type. Ribosomes from the allele replacement strain were used to determine the location of the C-terminal domains of L7/L12 by disulfide cross-linking. A new homobifunctional cysteine-specific cross-linking reagent, 1,4-di[3'-(2'-pyridyldithio)-propionamido]butane, and diagonal gel electrophoresis were used to identify ribosomal proteins cross-linked to L7/L12Cys89. A cross-link between L7/L12 and the single cysteine in L10 was found, in addition to L7/L12 dimers. The L7/L12Cys89-L10 cross-link locates the C-terminal domain of at least one L7/L12 dimer on the body of the large subunit and supports our previous model (Olson, H. M., Sommer, A., Tewari, D. S., Traut, R. R., and Glitz, D. G. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6924-6932) that depicts one of the two dimers of L7/L12 on the surface of the body of the 50 S subunit in a bent conformation with the C-terminal domain in close proximity to the N-terminal domain at the base of the stalk.
Evaluation of kidney anomalies in congenital scoliosis.

A review of 231 consecutive patients with congenital scoliosis (exclusive of myelomeningocele) shows an incidence of 18 per cent with coexisting urological anomalies including 2.5 per cent which had obstructive disease that could be life threatening. It is important to recognize that the incidence of urological anomalies has been found to be much higher in this group of congenitally scoliotic children than the incidence reported by urologists in their routine pediatric studies. When considering the life-threatening aspects, the incidence of reversible problems, and the fact that symptoms were absent or minimum in most of these patients, it would appear that a positive approach should be taken indicating a baseline intravenous pyelogram in a study of all children with congenital scoliosis, regardless of the location or severity of the spinal deformity.
Effects of albumin and histidine on kinetics of copper transport by fibroblasts

The kinetics of copper transport by fibroblasts were examined and compared with earlier data with hepatocytes to determine the basis of rapid, preferential copper uptake by the liver. The Km and maximal velocity (Vmax) parameters for copper transport by fibroblasts in serum-free media were comparable to the parameters with hepatocytes. As with hepatocytes, albumin markedly inhibited initial rates of copper transport by fibroblasts. Although the only effect of histidine on copper transport by hepatocytes in serum-free media is a small increase in Km, histidine as His2Cu decreases the Vmax of copper transport fivefold with fibroblasts. Moreover, although histidine increases copper accumulation by hepatocytes when transport is inhibited by albumin, histidine further inhibits copper accumulation by fibroblasts when albumin is in the medium. Thus the inhibitory effects of histidine and albumin on copper transport by fibroblasts are additive. The data are consistent with an intermediary role for the His2Cu complex in copper transport. Copper is transported from His2Cu as the free ion, and copper transport is strictly passive with both cell types. The data suggest that rapid uptake by the liver is in part due to the ability of hepatocytes to transport copper from His2Cu more rapidly than other cell types.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of interval matrices

Establishes a set of new sufficient conditions for the Hurwitz and Schur stability of interval matrices. The authors use these results to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the Hurwitz and Schur stability of interval matrices. The authors relate the above results to the existence of quadratic Lyapunov functions for linear time-invariant systems with interval-valued coefficient matrices. Using the above results, the authors develop an algorithm to determine the Hurwitz and the Schur stability properties of interval matrices. It is shown that the authors' algorithm is applicable to very large classes of interval matrices and the authors prove that for such classes, the algorithm terminates in a finite number of steps. The authors demonstrate the applicability of their results by means of two specific examples. >
IT/telecommunications investment and corporate growth

Summary form only given as follows. This paper examines the relationship between IT investment and corporate profitability. Several measurement problems are highlighted. Experience of major corporations is used to develop a framework to forecast returns from investments in emerging technologies.
Resistance of Zygorhynchus Species to Lysis

Zygorhynchus vuilleminii, a nonmelanin-containing fungus, was not lysed by mycolytic actinomycetes. Several enzymes and Streptomyces enzyme preparations digesting walls of other fungi were without appreciable activity on walls of Zygorhynchus species. A bacterium able to solubilize a portion of the Zygorhynchus wall released little or no reducing sugars from these structures. Fractions of Z. vuilleminii walls were resistant to glucanase hydrolysis, but certain fractions were digested by chitinase and microbial enzyme preparations. The walls and several wall fractions were not readily susceptible to degradation by a soil community. Walls of lysis-resistant Zygorhynchus species contained glucosamine, fucose, glucuronic acid, and galactose but little or no glucose. Resistant wall fractions were rich in uronic acid and fucose, whereas the readily degradable fractions contained abundant glucosamine. Cultural conditions affected the extent of digestion and composition of the walls. Possible reasons for the resistance of Zygorhynchus to lysis in nature are discussed.
Standard thermodynamic quantities as determined via models of nuclear multifragmentation

Both simple and sophisticated models are frequently used in an attempt to understand how real nuclei breakup when subjected to large excitation energies, a process known as nuclear multifragmentation. Many of these models assume equilibrium thermodynamics and produce results often interpreted as evidence of a phase transition. This work examines one class of models and employs standard thermodynamical procedures to explore the possible existence and nature of a phase transition. The role of various terms, e.g., Coulomb and surface energy, is discussed.
Factors Influencing the Implementation of a Brief Alcohol Screening and Educational Intervention in Social Settings not Specializing in Addiction Services

Although alcohol use continues to be a major problem, when high-risk users enter social services, they are not provided with empirically supported treatments (ESTs). This study investigates predictors of successful implementation in agencies not specializing in addiction services. Fifty-four frontline workers in six organizations were enrolled in the study. After completing self-administered surveys of organizational culture and climate and attitudes toward ESTs, workers were trained to implement a brief intervention. The results indicate that organizational factors and attitudes may not be related to implementation. Although high implementers had similar traits, further research is needed to characterize successful EST implementers.
Multiple stressor interactions influence embryo development rate in the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus

Fertilized eggs of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus , are buried in shallow nests above the high tide line, where they are exposed to variations in abiotic conditions during early development. Using a multiple-stressors approach, we examined whether the rate of embryonic development is affected by exposure to combinations of three factors: temperature (25, 30 and 35°C), salinity (5, 15 and 34 ppt) and ambient O2 (5%, 13% and 21% O2). Newly fertilized eggs were incubated under 27 fully factorial stressor combinations for 14 days, then allowed to recover in control conditions (30°C, 34 ppt, 21% O2) for an additional 14 days. Growth rate was measured every 2 days throughout the experiment ( N =1289). We found that the effect of isolated stressors (high temperature, low salinity or low O2) reduced developmental success by up to 72% (low salinity), and that stressor combinations showed stronger effects and evidence of complex interactions. For example, low O2 had little effect individually but was lethal in combination with high temperature, and low temperature in isolation slightly decreased the rate of development but reduced the negative effects of low salinity and low O2. Development was delayed under exposure to low O2 but resumed upon return to control conditions after a 10 day lag. These data demonstrate that complex, synergistic interactions among abiotic stressors can substantially alter the development of a coastal invertebrate in ways that may not be predicted from the effects of the stressors in isolation.
Hippocampal seizure-onset laterality can change over long timescales: A same-patient observation over 500 days

This study describes seizure laterality and localization changes over 500 consecutive days in a patient with bilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (BTLE) and implanted NeuroPace RNS™ System. During a continuous two-year time period, the RNS™ device stored 54 hippocampal electrocorticography (ECoG) seizures, which we analyzed to determine their distribution and time variance across hippocampi. We report nonrandom long-term seizure laterality and localization variations, especially in the first 200 days postimplant, despite equivalent total seizure counts in both hippocampi. This case suggests that hippocampal seizures dynamically progress over extensive timescales.
Evolution of bifurcation curves for semipositone problems when nonlinearities develop multiple zeroes

We discuss existence, uniqueness and multiplicity results on positive solutions to u''(x)[email protected]@?(u(x)) = 0, for [email protected]?(0, 1)u(0) = 0 = u(1) where @l>0 is a constant and @?(u) is a smooth function satisfying @?(0) < 0 (semipositone). In particular, we follow a class of nonlinearities @?(u) as they evolve from having one positive zero to three positive zeros and compare the corresponding bifurcation curves. We establish that the bifurcation curve splits into two connected components in the critical case when @?(u) develops the second zero.
A psychometric measurement model for adult English language learners: Pearson Test of English Academic

The aim of this study was to apply Rasch modeling to an examination of the psychometric properties of the Pearson Test of English Academic (PTE Academic). Analyzed were 140 test-takers' scores derived from the PTE Academic database. The mean age of the participants was 26.45 (SD = 5.82), ranging from 17 to 46. Conformity of the participants' performance on the 86 items of PTE Academic Form 1 of the field test was evaluated using the partial credit model. The person reliability coefficient was .96, and item reliability was .99. The results showed that no significant differential item functioning was found across subgroups of gender and spoken-language context, indicating that the item data approximated the Rasch model. The findings of this study validated the test stability of PTE Academic as a useful measurement tool for English language learners' academic English assessment.
The serological diagnosis of St Louis encephalitis in a patient with the syndrome of opsoclonia, body tremulousness, and benign encephalitis

This report describes a 28-year-old man with serologically confirmed St Louis encephalitis who meets the criteria for the syndrome of opsoclonia, body tremulousness, and benign encephalitis.
Historical Perspective: Using the Past to Study the Present

Historical perspective refers to understanding a subject in light of its earliest phases and subsequent evolution. This perspective differs from history because its object is to sharpen one's vision of the present, not the past. When historical perspective is overlooked in social research, researchers may draw misleading conclusions. Historical perspective expands research horizons by encouraging study of the relative stability of phenomena, providing alternative explanations for phenomena, and aiding problem formulation and research design.
Changing the equation for rural prosperity in a global world

Rural communities have been engaged in a battle with urban centres for over a century in an effort to combat the loss of population, jobs and wealth. Despite the failure of traditional economic development methods, the battle has continued in the 21st century. In this paper, we argue that the battlefield has changed. Globalisation has replaced urbanisation as the dominant force affecting economic growth in rural communities, so traditional efforts that focus on individual communities and small non-technology businesses are no longer effective. Using a pilot study, we are conducting in the Northern Plains of the USA, we test a framework for a new model of economic development that focuses on regional collaboration, innovation and technology entrepreneurship with equity investment.
Cross-calibration of imaging sensors using model-based, SI-traceable predictions of AT-sensor radiance

Many inter-consistency efforts force empirical agreement between sensors viewing a source nearly coincident in time and geometry that ensures consistency between sensors rather than obtain an SI-traceable calibration with documented error budgets. The method described here provides interconsistency via absolute radiometric calibration with defensible error budget avoiding systematic errors through prediction of at-sensor radiance for a site viewed by multiple sensors but not necessarily viewed at coincident times. The method predicts spectral radiance over a given surface site for arbitrary view and illumination angles and for any date dominated by clear-sky conditions. The foundation is a model-based, SI-traceable prediction of at-sensor radiance over selected sites based on physical understanding of the surface and atmosphere. The calibration of the ground site will include spatial, spectral, and sunview geometric effects based on satellite and ground-based data. The result is an interconsistency of hyperspectral and multispectral sensors spanning spatial resolutions from meters to kilometers all relative to the surface site rather than a single sensor. The source-centric philosophy of calibrating the site inherently accounts for footprint size mismatch, spectral band mismatch, and temporal and spatial sampling effects. The method for characterizing the test site allows its use for SI-traceable calibration of any sensor that can view the calibrated test site. Interconsistency is obtained through the traceability and error budget rather than coincident views. Such an approach to inter-consistency provides better understanding of biases between sensors as well producing more accurate results with documented SI-traceability that reduces the need for overlapping data sets.
Chemical comparison of dissolved organic matter isolated from different oceanic environments

Abstract Dissolved organic matter was isolated from coastal and open-ocean surface waters having a wide range of biological productivities, and from seawater of intermediate depths. Approximately 50% of the organic matter was recovered by the use of activated-charcoal chromatography. The organic matter isolated from different types of water masses exhibited varying spectroscopic characteristics, and stable carbon-isotope compositions. The ability of the isolated organic matter to interact with copper ions also varied, but over a relatively narrow range which was not exceeded by more than a factor of two by similarly isolated terrigenous organic matter.
Host specificity of Anagrus epos: a potential biological control agent of Homalodisca vitripennis

Anagrus epos Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is a candidate for a classical biological control program targeting the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), in California. Because mass production of GWSS is expensive and labor-intensive, a factitious host that is more economical to produce is desirable to mass produce A. epos for colonization and augmentation efforts. Here, we report the results of host specificity tests and potential rearing techniques for A. epos under laboratory conditions. Females discriminated and oviposited into eggs of seven cicadellid species: H. vitripennis, Circulifer tenellus (Baker), Erythroneura variabilis Beamer, Amblysellus grex (Oman), Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret), Macrosteles severini Hamilton, and H. liturata Ball, and two cerambycid species: Phoracantha recurva Newman and P. semipunctata (F.). Anagrus epos successfully completed development in the eggs of H. vitripennis, C. tenellus, E. variabilis, A. grex, G. atropunctata, M. severini, and H. liturata. The use of a factitious host and potential nontarget effects of this generalist parasitoid are discussed.
Adding value to health care: where radiologists may contribute.

National health care reform and scrutiny on rising health care costs have created a climate in which health care providers must improve the value, or quality per cost,[1][1] of patient care. Radiology in particular is at an important crossroads given the heavy use of imaging and the associated large
Transgender Youth of Color and Resilience: Negotiating Oppression and Finding Support

This qualitative study explored the resilience of 13 transgender youth of color in the southeastern region of the U.S. The definition of resilience framing this study was a participant’s ability to “bounce back” from challenging experiences as transgender youth of color. Using a phenomenological research tradition and a feminist, intersectionality (intercategorical) theoretical framework, the research question guiding the study was: “What are the daily lived experiences of resilience transgender youth of color describe as they negotiate intersections of transprejudice and racism?” The researchers’ individuated findings included five major domains of the essence of participants’ daily lived experiences of resilience despite experiencing racism and transprejudice: (1) evolving, simultaneous self-definition of racial/ethnic and gender identities, (2) being aware of adultism experiences, (3) self-advocacy in educational systems, (4) finding one’s place in the LGBTQQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning) youth community, and (5) use of social media to affirm one’s identities as a transgender youth of color. Implications for practice, research, and advocacy, in addition to the study’s limitations are discussed.
Perspectives on … Writing Support for Junior Faculty Librarians: A Case Study

Teaching faculty learn to assimilate into their departmental culture as doctoral students; the terminal degree in Library Science, the Master's degree, however, provides training in the day-to-day operation of a library but not experience in scholarly publishing. As a result, library faculty on the tenure track live in a heightened state of anxiety when it comes to tenure and publishing. The University at Buffalo Libraries has successfully used the Academic Writing Group to alleviate tenure-track stress.
Theory of cellular pulsations

The frequency of periodic elongations of a cell has been calculated as a function of the cell volume for Rashevsky's dynamical theory of a cell.