cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Refined bounds for algorithm configuration: The knife-edge of dual class approximability

Automating algorithm configuration is growing increasingly necessary as algorithms come with more and more tunable parameters. It is common to tune parameters using machine learning, optimizing performance metrics such as runtime and solution quality. The training set consists of problem instances from the specific domain at hand. We investigate a fundamental question about these techniques: how large should the training set be to ensure that a parameter's average empirical performance over the training set is close to its expected, future performance? We answer this question for algorithm configuration problems that exhibit a widely-applicable structure: the algorithm's performance as a function of its parameters can be approximated by a "simple" function. We show that if this approximation holds under the L-infinity norm, we can provide strong sample complexity bounds. On the flip side, if the approximation holds only under the L-p norm for p smaller than infinity, it is not possible to provide meaningful sample complexity bounds in the worst case. We empirically evaluate our bounds in the context of integer programming, one of the most powerful tools in computer science. Via experiments, we obtain sample complexity bounds that are up to 700 times smaller than the previously best-known bounds.
Detection of Bond Wire Lift Off in IGBT Power Modules Using Ultrasound Resonators

IGBT modules are one of the key elements in power converters. When electrical stress and environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, vibration, and so on are subjected to large IGBT modules, natural degradation takes place, and cracks are formed in bond wire itself and in Si surface where bond wires are attached to the die. These cracks and lift-offs eventually degrade the device performance leading to a complete failure. This paper introduces a novel approach to detect these failures using inexpensive onboard ultrasound resonators. Experimental results demonstrate that the data generated from the ultrasound resonators could be successfully used to detect the bond wire lift off incidents and associated aging inside the IGBT modules. Therefore, the proposed technique could be considered as a suitable and direct approach to characterize IGBT aging, where the results do not depend upon the operating point (voltage and current levels) of the IGBT.
Hyperstring Construction of Sub-Pixel Detectors

A mathematical methodology is described that aims to find closed-form approximate solutions to a generalized class of sub-pixel hyperspectral detection problems. Algorithms represented as high-dimensional surfaces are approximated by assembling hyperstrings of one-fewer dimension. The procedure is completed by adjoining to the hyperstring construct clairvoyant detector surfaces corresponding to limiting values of the sub-pixel mixing fraction.
Microorganisms and Habitats

Diverse prokaryotic taxa capable of N2 fixation are found across the many habitats and ecosystems of the oceans. Although variable in the magnitude of rates, microbial diversity and taxonomic composition of species, nif genes have been detected in samples ranging from surface waters to the depths of the sea, in sediments, hydrothermal vents, coral reefs, microbial mats in shallow lagoons and on surfaces, even in habitats with low or undetectable rates of N2 fixation. Marine N2-fixing microorganisms include various cyanobacteria, phototrophic Bacteria (proteobacteria), heterotrophic or photoheterotrophic Bacteria (proteobacteria) and some Archaea. Although Archaea are abundant in the oceans and seafloor, probably the least is known about their physiology including potential for N2 fixation.
Changing Christian Interpretations of the Old Testament

In first-century CE Judaism, the Scriptures validated Jesus and his message, but later Christians “read back” to Old Testament sources of New Testament texts. Constant alluding to a past document t...
Chapter VII The Magnetic Threshold Curve of Superconductors

Publisher Summary Thermodynamics could be applied profitably to this magnetically induced transition from the superconducting state to the normal resistance state came from several quarters. However, the theoretical position was obscure so long as a superconductor was regarded merely as a perfect conductor. From this viewpoint, the currents induced in the superconductor as the magnetic field is increased to the threshold value must necessarily be dissipated with the evolution of Joule heat upon the transition into the normal state. Thus the transition must be regarded as essentially irreversible. It therefore may be inferred that superconducting currents differ in an essential way from usual conduction currents, and that in principle the former can disappear reversibly in the magnetic transition to the normal state. The experiments indicated clearly that the threshold field value increases approximately proportionally to (Tc-T2), as the temperature T is reduced below the transition temperature Tc. The most important conclusion to emerge from these investigations is that the field H, varies approximately as M-1/2, such that the energy gap in the two-fluid model varies inversely as the isotopic mass. (Elementary reflection indicates that γ should be independent of mass.) Thus it would appear that the energy gap separating the superconductive phase from the normal phase results from some strong interaction between the electrons in the metal and the crystalline lattice.
Geolocalization using mobile phone and street grid map in dynamic environment

We present a robust system for geolocalization in dynamic environments. Our application is a camera system designed to help the visually impaired navigate. It is also suitable for healthy eyesight users to find their way around unfamiliar areas. We combine visual odometry (VO) with the semantic information available in map to estimate the global coordinates of the walking users. In order to handle dynamic environments, our approach exploits the ground plane constraint in estimating the visual odometry. The motion estimation results are fed into a Monte Carlo Localization framework which localizes the user by matching the local motion trajectory with the shape of the street network found in the map. We validated our system with video sequences captured in different crowded urban environments. Experimental results show that our method not only corrects the cumulative drifting error but also manages to recover from serious visual odometry failure.
The murine T-lymphocyte response to tyrosine-azobenzenearsonate. Characteristics of a low responder haplotype T-cell clone.

Abstract An I-Ab-restricted, L3T4+ Ly2− T-cell clone, 5R-4F3, specific for ABAtyr was established in culture from a B10.A(5R) mouse. Since b haplotype mice respond weakly to ABAtyr compared to other haplotypes, this is a candidate clone of low responder phenotype. In support of this contention, 5R-4F3 grew very poorly under conditions that supported the vigorous growth of EbβEkα-restricted T-cell clones from the same mouse. The I-A (low responder) and I-E (high responder) restricted T-cell clones also differed in their responses to apc pre-pulsed with antigen, compared to apc with antigen present continuously during culture. The low and high responder clones responded comparably to IL-2. Attempts to elevate the response of C57BL/6 mice to ABAtyr in vivo by injecting them with human recombinant IL-2 and antigen together were only partially successful: C57BL/6 mice treated in this way showed a 3–5-fold increase in their proliferative responses to ABAtyr, which was at best only one quarter of the level of response shown by high responder A/J mice to the same antigen dose.
Subcritical transition to turbulence in planar shear flows

The two-dimensional steady and time dependent properties of plane Poiseuille and plane Couette flows are analyzed using iterative techniques and full numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. It is shown that the finite-amplitude two-dimensional states investigated are strongly unstable to very small three-dimensional perturbations. It is also shown, through full numerical simulation, that this explosive secondary instability can explain the subcritical transitions that occur in real flows. Finally, it is shown that the three-dimensional instability can be analyzed by a linear stability analysis of a two-dimensional flow consisting of the basic parallel flow and a steady (or quasi-steady) finite-amplitude two-dimensional cellular motion.
Connecting customers with engineers for the successful fuzzy front end: Requirements of tools

In technology-driven enterprises, marketing typically acts as a “go-between” that captures customer needs and experiences and aggregates and interprets them for engineering. Knowledge exchange thus occurs through an indirect path. However, as a result of rapidly changing and unpredictable environments and complex products with tacit requirements, companies increasingly emphasize the need for engineering to be more strongly engaged with customers'. Accordingly, an increasing number of methods for customer research in early stages on new product development, the so-called fuzzy front end (FFE), emphasize direct knowledge exchange and collaboration between engineering and customers. Based on a review of the literature, this paper establishes six requirements for such methods from the perspective of engineering: information processing, simulation of scenario, reflection of dynamic customer knowledge change, interactive communication, exchange of subjective interpretation and drawing organizational interpretation. Subsequently ten tools which are typically applied for customer involvement activities and capturing customer knowledge in the FFE are evaluated according to the requirements. As a result, simulation of scenario is hardly dealt with by any methodologies. In addition, some methodologies require additional help or education for engineers and have difficulties with being diffused throughout general fields from specific industries.
A modular analog CMOS LSI for feedforward neural networks with on-chip BEP learning

A modular design approach for analog CMOS implementation of a feedforward neural net with on-chip backward error propagation (BEP) learning is proposed. Two LSI prototype chips have been designed and sent for fabrication in 2.2 /spl times/ 2.2 mm/sup 2/ using a standard 2/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The first chips integrates two 3 /spl times/ 3 synapses multiplications, integrations, and storages. The synapse chips can be cascaded horizontally to increase the number of inputs per layer, and vertically to add the number of neurons per layer. The second chip integrates three variable-gain neurons with adjustable-gain sigmoidal activation function and the first derivative of the sigmoidal function. Custom VLSI layout reduces the layout area of the processing elements, which in turn increases the expected network density. The modular architecture of the circuits makes it possible to increase the size of the network by interconnecting multiple modular chips. >
Approximation algorithms for NP-hard optimization problems

In this chapter, we discuss approximation algorithms for optimization problems. An optimization problem consists in finding the best (cheapest, heaviest, etc.) element in a large set P, called the feasible region and usually specified implicitly, where the quality of elements of the set are evaluated using a function f(x), the objective function, usually something fairly simple. The element that minimizes (or maximizes) this function is said to be an optimal solution of the objective function at this element is the optimal value. optimal value = min{f(x) | x ∈ P} (1)
The Effects of Interdisciplinary Practice on Elementary Preservice Teachers’ Mathematics Teaching Self-Efficacy and Pedagogy: An Intervention Study of Music-Mathematics Integrated Education

This study investigated the effects upon elementary preservice teachers’ mathematics teaching self-efficacy and interdisciplinary lesson design strategies, which resulted from an educational intervention that emphasized integrated music-mathematics instruction. The participating elementary preservice teachers (n=152) were recruited for this study from the College of Education students enrolled at a medium-sized southwestern research university in the United States. Several sources of data were collected, including pre- and post-intervention surveys assessing self-efficacy for mathematics teaching and interdisciplinary-themed instructional design. The overall findings from both surveys indicated that the participating preservice teachers’ mathematics teaching self-efficacy and their interdisciplinary teaching strategies were improved as a result of the intervention. This paper concludes with a discussion of the potential applications to pedagogical practice that accrue from the study's findings, as well as suggestions for further research extending this line of inquiry.
A topological measurements and RTUs design against a contingency

The measurement and remote terminal units (RTUs) placement design in an electric power system that minimizes the number of measurements and RTUs under the constraint that the system remains observable under a contingency is formulated. The contingency considered in this paper can be a pre-selected single branch outage or a single measurement loss. In addition, a single TRU loss is taken into account as a type of contingency. A two-stage topological heuristic approach is to solve the problem based on the concept of measurement graph, and an algorithm to search for a valid measurement graph is developed in detail. Tests on the IEEE 30-bus system demonstrates the validity and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Monitoring and calibration system for neutrino flux measurement in a high energy dichromatic beam

Abstract In an experiment to measure the cross section for ν -N interactions, the neutrino flux is inferred from measured properties of the secondary hadron beam. The measurements of intensity, composition, and phase space are inputs to a Monte Carlo program which simulates the neutrino beam impinging on the experimental target detector. The components, technical design, and calibration of the devices which monitor the secondary beam are discussed. The accuracy with which the neutrino flux can be determined, given the limitations of the secondary beam monitoring, is also indicated.
Annual zoledronic acid did not increase renal abnormalities at 2 years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Source Citation Boonen S, Sellmeyer DE, Lippuner K, et al. Renal safety of annual zoledronic acid infusions in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Kidney Int. 2008;74:641-8. 18509324
Determination of rotational polarization using 1+1′ REMPI: a case study of D2 associative desorption from Cu(111)

Abstract We show, using a rate equation approach, that 1+1′ resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of D 2 can be treated as a single-photon process in the limit of high ionization laser power and that unambiguous alignment information can be obtained in this limit. We illustrate the discussion using a case study of the detection D 2 via the B 1 Σ + u / X 1 Σ + g transition and apply the methodology to obtain alignment information for D 2 ( v =0, J =11) desorbed from Cu(111).
Beam Modulator for an Electron Linac

A system has been developed for modulating the beam of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring injection linac. It employs a sub-modulated, high frequency Lissajous raster of the electron beam on a collimator, followed by a subharmonic prebunching. In conjunction with a two amp electron gun, a variable pattern of single, one nanocoulomb, S-band bunches is produced. The Lissajous raster is generated by two orthogonal pairs of deflection plates attached to high frequency resonant coaxial lines. Submodulation of the raster is accomplished by a single pair of upstream of deflection plates driven by a broad band miniature tetrode. Details of the design calculations, hardware, and performance are given.
Multi-frequency e.p.r. studies of Argonne and Illinois sample bank coals

Abstract Eight coals from the Argonne Premium Coal Sample Program (APCSP), and an Illinois No. 6 coal from the Illinois Coal Basin Sample Program (ICBSP) have been investigated, employing a novel very high frequency (VHF) e.p.r. spectrometer operating at a microwave frequency of about 95 GHz and a magnetic field of 3.4 Tesla. Macerals separated from the ICBSP sample by density gradient centrifugation were also investigated. The high fields used in these experiments provide a 10-fold improvement in the dispersion of electronic Zeeman terms over that provided by conventional X-band instruments (9.5 GHz; 0.34 T), enabling us to resolve spectral features not seen at lower frequencies. Model compounds (perylene(+) and dibenzothiophene(+) radicals) were also studied for comparison purposes. It is proposed that low-field peaks in some of the coal and maceral VHP e.p.r. spectra are the result of spin-orbit coupling of unpaired electrons to heteroatoms, primarily sulphur, and this effect is modelled theoretically employing a simple, two-species model. Preliminary pulsed e.p.r. data on a separated fusinite taken at S-band (3 GHz) are also presented to support the electron exchange model for the lineshape of this maceral.
On the constrained controllability of stable linear time varying discrete systems

We study the constrained complete controllability to the origin of various classes of stable, time varying discrete-time systems under an assumption of a Kalman type weak uniform controllability. The admissible controllers considered assume values in the unit balls of the sequence spaces l/sup p/.
Effects of out-of-home mental health treatment on probability of criminal charge during the transition to adulthood.

Criminal justice-related outcomes for youth who have been served in out-of-home mental health settings such as residential treatment and inpatient hospitalization are unclear. This study longitudinally modeled the changing probability of being charged with a crime from age 16 to 25, including being served in out-of-home treatment and aging into adulthood, while controlling for person-level covariates such as gender, race, past criminal charges, and mental health diagnoses. Results indicated that out-of-home treatment was related to a decreased probability of being charged with a crime during treatment, but it had no relationship to post-treatment probability. Longitudinal probability of being charged was moderated by gender; females did not experience a peak probability time whereas males peaked at age 19. Other significant contributors to being charged included having a substance use diagnosis and having an offense record prior to age 16. Evidence indicated that out-of-home treatment was used as an alternative to detention and incarceration for both juveniles and adults.
Internal mammary artery graft at reoperation: Risks, benefits, and methods of preservation

To determine the effect of a prior internal mammary artery (IMA) graft on coronary artery bypass reoperation (CABR), we reviewed our experience with 410 consecutive patients: 313 received only saphenous vein grafts at initial coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and 97 received at least one IMA graft at CABG. Cardiac catheterization data before CABG were available in 110 patients (56 received only saphenous vein grafts, 54 received at least one IMA graft), allowing comparison of left ventricular function at CABG and CABR. Injury of the IMA graft occurred in 5 patients (1 death), but presence of an IMA graft was not an independent predictor of morbidity or mortality. Overall, the incidences of complications and deaths were higher in patients with saphenous vein grafts than in patients with IMA grafts, though not significantly so. Internal mammary artery grafts better preserved cardiac function: patients with IMA grafts had worse left ventricular function before CABG but better left ventricular function before CABR than patients with saphenous vein grafts. Left ventricular function deterioration from before CABG to before CABR was significantly less in patients with IMA grafts. We conclude that the risk of CABR is not increased by a previously constructed IMA graft and that left ventricular function is better preserved at CABR when an IMA graft was constructed at the initial operation.
Simple random number generation

A wide variety of random number generators is discussed based on truncating functional outcomes and considering the fractional remainders as random digits in the interval, ]0,1[. These generators do not require seeding in the traditional sense, moreover offer an infinite number of outcomes, apparently without periodicity. These generators are trivial in their software implementation. Those that are based on logarithms perform best in tests of randomness. When applied for spatial simulation, though, quality of the random number generator seems unimportant to the outcome.
The issue of primary tastes versus a taste continuum

Abstract The concept of four primary tastes has been used to direct research and organize data in gustation. The attractive simplicity of this formulation has directed attention away from critical examinations of its validity. The present article shows that arguments used to support the concept of four tastes are equivocal. It is also suggested that the data are more consistent with the hypothesis that gustatory data have a more continuous organization which includes the familiar primary four. Data are considered at the stimulus, receptor, neural, and psychophysical levels.
Modified immune globulin: its use in the prophylactic treatment of patients with immune deficiency

Patients with antibody deficiency syndromes provide excellent models to study safety and efficacy of new immune globulin (IG) preparations for intravenous use. In a long term study of such patients we showed that a reduced and alkylated IG preparation given intravenously was as effective in preventing infections as Cohn fraction II given intramuscularly. Mild side effects occurred in 50% of infusions; addition of maltose reduced side effects to 3%. Adverse reactions appeared to be related to IG concentration: they were slightly higher if the IG concentration was increased from 5% to 10%. The striking effect of maltose may relate to the observation that maltose and other disaccharides, added to Cohn fraction II, prevent heat aggregationin vitro. The stabilizing effect of these sugars was most pronounced at pH 6-6.5. Thus, modified IG formulated as a 5% solution in 10% maltose seems to be safe, effective and suitable for rapid intravenous infusion.
Interrogating Identity and Social Contexts Through “Critical Family History”

Tracing one's family genealogy is a complex process that requires situating a family's narratives within a historical context. This article reviews the use of critical family history research in an undergraduate Asian American studies course to examine not only the diversity and experiences of Asian Americans but also the unspoken narratives that lead to the creation of a single story. We are told single stories that often neglect the sociocultural factors—the historical reality—of our past. Our family histories are constructed historically and are embedded in social, political, and economic processes and relationships. This article argues that we need to complicate what we know about our past and examine policies and cultural practices that lead to a racialized system of power and privilege, racialized policies, and racialized oppression and progression.
The yeasts of strawberries.

SUMMARY: Nine hundred and fiftyseven strains of yeasts were isolated from fresh marketed strawberries over 2 seasons. There were c. 105 viable yeasts/g of strawberry: many more were isolated at 5° than at 25°. Most of the yeasts belonged to the genus Cryptococcus. Every yeast colony counted was subjected to identification tests selected by means of a computer-made key, and identifications were done chiefly by semiquantitative aerobic growth tests combined with fermentation tests and microscopical examination of vegetative cells.
The stability of an asymmetric zonal current in the atmosphere

This paper considers the barotropic stability of an asymmetric zonal current on a rotating earth. The current is of hyperbolic tangent form in latitude. For this stability problem the neutral wave solutions are found and estimates of the growth rates for the unstable waves are obtained from the neutral solutions as in earlier investigations by the writer. It is again found that the beta effect which is due to the earth's curvature and rotation tends to stabilize the basic flow.The stability of the basic flow is examined for a special case. For this case the current is centered at 35 degrees latitude, has a total shear of 30 m sec−1 and a half-width of 550 km. The most unstable waves are found to be wave-numbers 6 and 7 which amplify by a factor of e in 2·9 days. In addition, wave-numbers 5, 8 and 9 are also unstable. The stability of the symmetric jet is also examined for a comparable case. It is found that a wider band of wave-numbers is unstable. The most unstable wave is wave-number 8 which amplifies by a factor of e in 2·7 days.In conclusion it is noted that these growth rates are slower than the amplification rates for the unstable waves associated with the baroclinic stability problem.
Initial studies on actionable control for improving small signal stability in interconnected power systems

Power consumption and demand continues to grow around the world. As the electric power grid continues to be put under more stress, the conditions of instability are more likely to occur. One cause of such instabilities is intearea oscillations, such as the oscillation that resulted in the August 10, 1996 blackout of the WECC. This paper explores different potential operations of different devices on the power system to improve the damping of these interarea oscillations using two different simulation models.
Selective syntheses of novel polyether fullerene multiple adducts.

We have applied a modified macrocyclic tether approach to control multiple additions to C60. The technique of 3He NMR was used to confirm the selective formation of specific C60 multiple adducts by the macrocyclic tether approach. An oligoglycol was used as a flexible linker to produce macrocyclic polyether-linked malonates 5, 6, 8, and 9 under solid−liquid PTC (phase-transfer-catalysis) conditions. The formation of a single C60 tris-adduct, 3, from macrocyclic malonate 1 and 3He@C60 was proven by 3He NMR. Similarly, multiple additions to C60 of macrocyclic polyether malonate 5 gave C60 bis-adduct 10 selectively, while the reaction of C60 with macrocyclic malonate 8 gave bis-adducts 11 and 12. A similar process with macrocyclic malonate 6 gave tris-adduct 13 with high selectivity as well. Saponification of these C60 multiple adducts gives the corresponding polyacids that are potentially useful in biological applications. Macrocyclic polyether fullerenes are a new class of ionophores, which could be intere...
IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF SELF-REPORTS OF ADHERENCE

Behavioral scientists who study socially important but difficult-to-measure behaviors often rely on self-reports. We evaluated the influence of three experimenter demands—demand for adherence, demand for accurate reports, and demand for accurate reports combined with a prompted recall strategy—on the accuracy of self-reports of adherence to a week-long prescribed regimen of twice-daily telephone calls. Self-reports of adherence were significantly more accurate in the accuracy demand/prompted recall group (p < .05). The analogue study should be replicated with other regimens and populations to determine the most effective strategies for enhancing the accuracy of self-reports.
Distribution of calcium-activated neutral proteinase activity in quaking mouse brain: a subcellular study

The distribution of calcium-activated neutral proteinase (CANP) activity was examined in the subcellular fractions of quaking and control mouse brain. The CANP activity was determined in purified myelin, cytosol and pellet (P2, consisting of nuclei, mitochondria and microsomes) fractions using [14C]azocasein as substrate. The enzyme activity in quaking brain was 1.3-fold greater than control. Fifty-seven percent of the control brain activity was in purified myelin compared to only 7% in quaking myelin. The specific activity of the control purified myelin was 4-fold greater than homogenate while that of the quaking was two-fold greater. In contrast, 51% of the quaking brain activity was present in cytosol compared to only 18% in the control. Triton X-100 greatly increased the control brain activity (10-fold) while the quaking brain activity was increased by only 1.2-fold. The total calcium content in the quaking brain was greatly elevated (6-fold) compared to control. Approximately 30% of the brain 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase (CNPase) activity was in quaking myelin while 77% of the CNPase activity in control brain was in myelin. These results suggest that in quaking brain much of the CANP is not incorporated into the myelin membrane and remains cytosolic.
Henbane— Healing herb of hercules and of apollo

This poisonous drug, formerly available only from Europe, India and the Sudan but now produced also in the United States to the extent of 80,000 pounds annually, has been used therapeutically since ancient times and today has common use in modern medicine.
Glenoid hypoplasia and its relationship to instability

Glenoid hypoplasia, or dysplasia of the scapular neck, is usually a bilateral and symmetric finding. Associated findings include hypoplasia of the humeral head, elongation of the glenoid cavity, and alterations in the shape of the coracoid or clavicle. Glenoid hypoplasia has been reported sporadically in the radiologic literature, but the condition may be more frequent than previously thought. In this paper, we discuss the radiographic findings of glenoid hypoplasia and explore the possibility of an association between glenoid hypoplasia and shoulder instability.
Modified state-surface approach to the study of unsaturated soil behavior. Part I: Basic concept

The traditional state-surface approach to the study of unsaturated soil behavior is becoming much less popular these days, as it uses unique constitutive surfaces to represent unsaturated soil beha...
Competing roles for the subfactors of need for closure in moderating dissonance-produced attitude change

Stalder and Baron (1998) found no relation between need for closure (NFC) and dissonance, despite a prediction by Kruglanski and Webster (1996) for a positive relation. However, Stalder and Baron did not consider the two orthogonal subfactors of NFC, decisiveness and need for structure (Neuberg, Judice, & West, 1997). A reanalysis of the original data showed that need for structure predicted dissonance-produced attitude change whereas decisiveness attenuated it. In addition, only decisiveness related to two other modes of dissonance reduction (trivialization and external justification). Results underscore the importance of considering both NFC subfactors and support further investigation of dissonance-NFC connections.
Dynamic Analysis of Sliding Friction in a Gear Pair

Chief objective of this article is to evaluate the role of sliding friction in gear dynamics, and more specifically the effect of the periodic variations in mesh stiffness, load distribution and friction torque during a mesh cycle. A non-unity speed ratio spur gear is considered. Only the torsional degree of freedom of the gear pair, with ideal Coulomb friction law, is analyzed. Previous studies by Vaishya and Singh [1–3] make idealized assumptions about temporal (or spatial) variation of mesh stiffness and load sharing in order to obtain more tractable analytical solutions. In our formulation, an accurate Finite Element/Contact Mechanics analysis code [4] is run in the static mode to compute the mesh stiffness and load distribution at every time instant of the mesh. The computed parametric variation of stiffness is then incorporated into our dynamic formulation that includes frictional torques. Next, we use appropriate numerical techniques to solve for the dynamic response in time domain. This study, though preliminary in nature, examines the effects of pinion speed, coefficient of friction and mean input torque. This, along with work in progress, should yield further insights into the role of friction sources in gear vibro-acoustics.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Political deviance and the assumption of responsibility

Political deviance is a broad concept, less frequently invoked than the concept of political crime. It can be perpetrated by those in power, in the name of the state or individually, or by those struggling to effect social change. The focus on the latter brings to the fore two types of movements, terrorism and civil disobedience, with their partial similarities in goals and their apparent dissimilarities in the means employed to achieve these goals. Both groups tend to assume responsibility for their acts, although for different reasons. The assumption of responsibility itself is a clouded and sometimes ambiguous notion, both linguistically and in its ramifications in the political arena.
Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) for Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) Aerodynamic, Propulsion, Rocket, and Space Testing Capabilities

An AEDC long-range planning effort was conducted to develop a Service Life Extension Program (SLEP) for two AEDC Test Capabilities through FY2020. The effort objectives were to provide a long-term solution to deliver Transonic Aerodynamic testing and FighterBomber Engine Altitude testing capabilities. Each SLEP solution addressed major maintenance, improvement, modernization or replacement of the mechanical and electrical assets necessary to ensure these capabilities are available through FY2020. Level of funding for maintenance and repairs as well as improvement and modernization was addressed. Historical data and current trends were evaluated and integrated to present a best estimate of resources required for each Fiscal Year through FY2020. Evaluation of new weapon system testing requirements beyond FY2020 was not included in this effort.
Marginal mass islet transplantation with autologous mesenchymal stem cells promotes long-term islet allograft survival and sustained normoglycemia.

Abstract Allogeneic islet transplantation is an option to treat diabetes however there are obstacles that are limiting its clinical use. We have examined whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) improve islet graft survival and whether such therapy allows for better graft acceptance with reduced requirement for immunosuppression. In vitro-expanded syngeneic bone marrow-derived MSC were co-transplanted with islets into omental pouch in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Marginal mass syngeneic islet transplantation into the omentum with MSC promoted sustained normoglycemia. Interestingly, allogeneic islets +MSC, but not islets alone, with short-term use of immunosuppression enhanced long-term islet graft survival, insulin expression in the grafts and induced normal serum insulin levels and normoglycemia. T cells from recipients transplanted with allogeneic islets +MSC produced low levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α upon ex-vivo activation, and this transplantation protocol promoted the generation of IL-10-secreting CD4 + T cells. These data encourage further preclinical and eventually, clinical MSC-based islet transplantation to improve the outcome of allogeneic islet transplantation in the treatment of diabetes.
How Influential are Corporate Credibility and Endorser Attractiveness When Innovators React to Advertisements for a New High-Technology Product?

The introduction of new technological products makes it important for marketers to understand how innovators or first adopters respond to persuasion cues. In this study, corporate credibility and endorser attractiveness were manipulated to determine their relative influence on innovators' attitudes toward the brand and their purchase intentions. The degree of consumers' innovativeness for cell phones as well as their perceptions of the newness of the advertised product were measured independent variables. Subjects (n = 81) were shown an advertisement for a fictitious new cell phone. The results showed that consumer innovativeness and perceived product newness were independent constructs that had independent effects on attitude toward the brand and purchase intent for the new product. The results also suggested that corporate credibility was equally important to innovators and non-innovators, and endorser attractiveness was relatively unimportant to both in assessing a new high-technology product. Thus, marketers and advertisers may want to consider all four variables when developing promotional campaigns for new high-technology products.
The origin of the Cerro Prieto geothermal brine

Abstract The Cerro Prieto geothermal brine may have originated from mixing of Colorado River water with seawater evaporated to about six times its normal salinity. This mixture circulated deeply and was heated by magmatic processes. During deep circulation, Li, K, Ca, B, SiO 2 and rare alkalis were transferred from rock minerals to the water, and Mg, SO 4 , and a minor quantity of Na were transferred to the rock. Similar alteration of seawater salt chemistry has been observed in coastal geothermal systems and produced in laboratory experiments. After heating and alteration the brine was further diluted to its present range of composition. Oxygen isotopes in the fluid are in equilibrium with reservoir calcite and have been affected by exploitation-induced boiling and dilution.
Generation of a Retinoblastoma (Rb)1-inducible dominant-negative (DN) mouse model.

Retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) is an essential gene regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. To exert these functions, Rb1 is recruited and physically interacts with a growing variety of signaling pathways. While Rb1 does not appear to be ubiquitously expressed, its expression has been confirmed in a variety of hematopoietic and neuronal-derived cells, including the inner ear hair cells (HCs). Studies in transgenic mice demonstrate that complete germline or conditional Rb1 deletion leads to abnormal cell proliferation, followed by massive apoptosis; making it difficult to fully address Rb1’s biochemical activities. To overcome these limitations, we developed a tetracycline-inducible TetO-CB-myc6-Rb1 (CBRb) mouse model to achieve transient and inducible dominant negative (DN) inhibition of the endogenous RB1 protein. Our strategy involved fusing the Rb1 gene to the lysosomal protease pre-procathepsin B (CB), thus allowing for further routing of the DN-CBRb fusion protein and its interacting complexes for proteolytic degradation. Moreover, reversibility of the system is achieved upon suppression of doxycycline (Dox) administration. Preliminary characterization of DN-CBRb mice bred to a ubiquitous rtTA mouse line demonstrated a significant inhibition of the endogenous RB1 protein in the inner ear and in a number of other organs where RB1 is expressed. Examination of the postnatal (P) DN-CBRb mice inner ear at P10 and P28 showed the presence of supernumerary inner HCs in the lower turns of the cochleae, which corresponds to the described expression domain of the endogenous Rb1 gene. Selective and reversible suppression of gene expression is both an experimental tool for defining function and a potential means to medical therapy. Given the limitations associated with Rb1-null mice lethality, this model provides a valuable resource for understanding RB1 activity, relative contribution to HC regeneration and its potential therapeutic application.
Human cell dehydroascorbate reductase. Kinetic and functional properties.

Abstract Dehydroascorbate reductase (glutathione: dehydroascorbate oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.5.1) activity was examined in crude cytosol extracts of human cells. In blood neutrophil and lymphocyte extracts, the K m at pH 6.85 for dehydroascorbate was 1.3 mM, and for reduced glutathione 3.8 mM. Rates of dehydroascorbate uptake by intact human neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts were proportional to cytosol dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Dehydroascorbate reduction during dehydroascorbate uptake by these cells may be entirely enzymatic.
Amide Bond Formation via Reversible, Carboxylic Acid-Promoted Lactone Aminolysis

A rapid carboxylic acid-promoted lactone aminolysis is reported. A number of carboxylic acids were found to promote this amide bond-forming transformation, with aliphatic acids being the most efficient. This reaction is an equilibrium process (Keq ≈ 1.8), and mechanistic investigations are consistent with mediation of a kinetically important proton-transfer step by the carboxylate, i.e., the conjugate base of the acid employed.
A recurrent neural network for computing pseudoinverse matrices

A recurrent neural network is presented for computing pseudoinverse matrices. Under the zero initial state condition, the recurrent neural network derived from a reflexive generalized inverse problem which involves two matrix equations can be used to solve the corresponding pseudoinverse problem which involves four matrix equations. The proposed recurrent neural network based on the reflexive generalized inverse problem simplifies network dynamics and makes physical implementation easier. The proposed recurrent neural network is proven and shown to be asymptotically stable and capable of computing pseudoinverse matrices. Three numerical examples are illustrated to show the performance of the proposed recurrent neural network.
SUBSTRUCTURE AND HORIZONTAL SYMMETRIES AT HADRON COLLIDERS

Four topics related to horizontal symmetries and composite models are discussed: a model of horizontal interactions avoiding FCNC constraints, the production of scalar leptoquarks, production and decay of excited quarks, and the sensitivity of pp colliders for measuring the ZWW vertex in ZW production.
High-Pressure Adsorption of CO2 on NaY Zeolite and Model Prediction of Adsorption Isotherms

Supercritical carbon dioxide is an efficient solvent for adsorptive separations because it can potentially be used as both the carrier solvent for adsorption and the desorbent for regeneration. Recent results have demonstrated an anomalous peak or “hump” in the adsorption isotherm near the bulk critical point when the adsorption isotherm is plotted as a function of bulk density. This work presents new data for the adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide in the near-critical region on a crystalline, well-structured adsorbent (NaY zeolite). The results indicate a strong affinity for CO2 as well as a significant hump near the critical point. The lattice model previously developed by Aranovich and Donohue is applied to analyze the adsorption.
Lamar's eulogy on Sumner: A letter of explanation

(1955). Lamar's eulogy on Sumner: A letter of explanation. The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 316-322.
An ancient, highly conserved family of cysteine-rich protein domains revealed by cloning type I and type II murine macrophage scavenger receptors.

Abstract Scavenger receptors have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis and other macrophage-associated functions. The bovine type I and type II scavenger receptors are multidomain transmembrane proteins that differ only by the presence in the type I receptor of an additional, extracellular cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. The isolation of type I and type II receptor cDNAs from a murine macrophage cell line, P388D1, establishes the presence of mRNAs encoding both receptor types in a single cell. Their sequences are highly similar to the bovine cDNAs. Receptor type-specific cDNA probes map to a common locus on murine chromosomes 8, suggesting that a single gene encodes both mRNAs. The type I-specific scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domain helps define a previously unrecognized family of remarkably well-conserved domains. Highly homologous SRCR domains (one, three, or four per polypeptide chain) are found in diverse secreted and cell-surface proteins from humans (e.g., CD5, complement factor I), mice (Ly-1), and sea urchins (speract receptor).
Dissecting and Recording from The C. Elegans Neuromuscular Junction

Neurotransmission is the process by which neurons transfer information via chemical signals to their post-synaptic targets, on a rapid time scale. This complex process requires the coordinated activity of many pre- and post-synaptic proteins to ensure appropriate synaptic connectivity, conduction of electrical signals, targeting and priming of secretory vesicles, calcium sensing, vesicle fusion, localization and function of postsynaptic receptors and finally, recycling mechanisms. As neuroscientists it is our goal to elucidate which proteins function in each of these steps and understand their mechanisms of action. Electrophysiological recordings from synapses provide a quantifiable read out of the underlying electrical events that occur during synaptic transmission. By combining this technique with the powerful array of molecular and genetic tools available to manipulate synaptic proteins in C. elegans, we can analyze the resulting functional changes in synaptic transmission. The C. elegans NMJs formed between motor neurons and body wall muscles control locomotion, therefore, mutants with uncoordinated locomotory phenotypes (known as unc s) often perturb synaptic transmission at these synapses (1). Since unc mutants are maintained on a rich supply of a bacterial food source, they remain viable as long as they retain some pharyngeal pumping ability to ingest food. This, together with the fact that C. elegans exist as hermaphrodites, allows them to pass on mutant progeny without the need for elaborate mating behaviors. These attributes, coupled with our recent ability to record from the worms NMJs (2 3) make this an excellent model organism in which to address precisely how unc mutants impact neurotransmission. The dissection method involves immobilizing adult worms using a cyanoacrylic glue in order to make an incision in the worm cuticle exposing the NMJs. Since C. elegans adults are only 1 mm in length the dissection is performed with the use of a dissecting microscope and requires excellent hand-eye coordination. NMJ recordings are made by whole-cell voltage clamping individual body wall muscle cells and neurotransmitter release can be evoked using a variety of stimulation protocols including electrical stimulation, light-activated channel-rhodopsin-mediated depolarization (4) and hyperosmotic saline, all of which will be briefly described.
Foundation to build complex in Maryland

The Renewable Natural Resources Foundation (RNRF), a consortium of nonprofit institutions of which AGU is a member, has received a grant of $1 million from the Max C. Fleischmann Foundation and, with the Society of American Foresters, a $1.2 million tax-exempt loan from the First National Bank of Maryland for the construction of a new office building. RNRF will provide space for nonprofit scientific, educational, and professional societies that are concerned with protection, management, and environmentally sound use of renewable natural resources. Construction of the new building is expected to begin early in the fall of 1980, and occupancy is expected about a year later. The building will be the first in a campuslike complex that will be erected on a 35-acre tract of wooded land that was the Grosvenor estate in Bethesda, Maryland. The Grosvenor mansion, former family home of the late Gilbert H. Grosvenor of the National Geographic Society, will be preserved as part of the complex. Most of the land will remain in its natural state.