cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring mathematical connections of prospective middle-grades teachers through card-sorting tasks

Prospective teachers are expected to construct, emphasise, integrate, and make use of mathematical connections; in doing so, they acquire an understanding of mathematics that is fluid, supple, and interconnected (Evitts Dissertation Abstracts International, 65(12), 4500, 2005). Given the importance of mathematical connection making, an exploratory study was conducted to consider the ability of prospective middle-grades teachers to make mathematical connections while engaging in card-sorting activities. Twenty-eight prospective middle-grades teachers participated in both an open and closed card sort. Data were analysed using constant comparative methods to extract meta themes to describe the types of connections made. Findings indicate that these prospective teachers tended to make more procedural- and categorical-type mathematical connections and far fewer derivational or curricular mathematical connections.
HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE SOCIETY OF UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY, 5TH ANNUAL MEETING, DECEMBER 3–4, 2004, BETHESDA, MARYLAND, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

ABSTRACTPurpose: The fifth annual meeting of the Society of Urologic Oncology was held December 3 and 4, 2004 in Bethesda, Maryland. The program provides a forum for the discussion of important issues in genitourinary malignancies among urologists, radiation oncologists and medical oncologists.Materials and Methods: Agenda topics included kidney cancer, bladder cancer and prostate cancer. Several sessions featured new developments in basic, translational and clinical research. Each session was reviewed for content following the meeting and the highlights were summarized. The Young Urologic Oncologists’ Forum was again a successful component of the meeting but it is beyond the scope of this summary.Results: Sessions on kidney cancer focused on molecular genetics and advances in molecular therapeutics. Radio frequency ablation of renal masses was also addressed. Topics discussed in bladder cancer included screening and surgical management. Dr. Donald Skinner received the Huggins Medal and he addressed the s...
Bivalirudin for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction – Authors' reply

www.thelancet.com Vol 378 December 3, 2011 1915 model, possibly explaining why some parameters varied in unexpected ways. As Hayes and White point out, the bestfi tting parameter set suggests a lower casual contact rate for high-risk singles than low-risk singles, despite the higher casual contact rate that we initially posited. This lower casual contact rate among high-risk singles (as well as the higher proportion of high-risk individuals in partnerships) might be related to the shorter gap between steady partner ships, which translates to less time as a single in this group. We agree with Williams and colleagues that HIV testing and antiretroviral treatment (ART) hold great promise for HIV prevention; however, we believe that the contribution of early infection is likely to be greater than they estimate, and that unless HIV transmission is suppressed through behavioural interventions, biological interventions, or both during this period, the “testand-treat” approach might not reach its full potential. As Hayes and White point out, empirical assessment of such prevention strategies is crucial. Several community randomised trials of combination prevention (especially ART) are currently beginning in Africa. Because these trials are unlikely to capture all people with acute and early infection, the extent to which they succeed in reducing HIV transmission will provide crucial empirical data to assess the role of acute and early HIV in community-level HIV incidence.
Atomic basis of the exquisite specificity of phosphate and sulfate transport receptors

We have determined, by the method of x-ray crystallography, the 1.7 A resolution three-dimensional structures of the ligand-bound form of the phosphate receptor as well as the sulfate receptor. These protein structures provide an unprecedented atomic-level understanding of the mechanism governing the exquisite specificity of each receptor. Although they lack amino acid sequence homology, both receptors have very similar three-dimensional structure. The structure consists of two globular domains separated by a deep cleft which contains the ligand-binding site. The bound phosphate and sulfate are totally devoid of water of hydration. The bound phosphate is tightly held in place by 12 hydrogen bonds, 11 with donor and 1 with acceptor groups. The acceptor group (an Asp carboxylate side chain) plays three key roles. It confers specificity by directly recognizing one proton of either the monobasic or dibasic phosphate. It also assists in the recognition of another proton of the monobasic phosphate. Finally, because of charge repulsion, it disallows binding of fully ionized sulfate. The sulfate bound to the sulfate receptor makes seven hydrogen bonds with uncharged polar groups exclusively. The absence of an acceptor group in the binding site of the sulfate receptor is not conducive to phosphate binding.
The changes of thyroid hormone during pharmacological treatment of panic disorder patients.

Abstract Richard Balon, Robert Pohl, Vikram K. Yeragani, Chilakamarri Ramesh, and Debra A. Glitz: The changes of thyroid hormones during pharmacological treatment of panic disorder patients. Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. & Biol. Psychiat. 1991, 15 (5): 595–600. 1. 1. Because imipramine has lowered T4 in uncontrolled studies we examined the effect of imipramine on serum thyroid levels in panic disorder patients in a double-blind placebo and diazepam treatment controlled study. 2. 2. Treatment with imipramine (10 subjects) was associated with a significant decrease of T4 and FTI and treatment with diazepam (8 subject) was associated with a significant decrease of T4. However, there was no significant difference across treatment groups. 3. 3. This finding suggests that previously reported decreases in thyroid hormones during antidepressant therapy may be due to nonspecific effects of treatment rather than to the drug itself.
Chirally invariant fermions on the lattice

Abstract We discuss a recently proposed nonlocal chirally invariant formulation of lattice fermions. We show that a perturbative lattice calculation of the abelian anomaly in two and four dimensions gives the correct result in the continuum limit. We also discuss the proposal in relation to the non-abelian anomaly.
Returns to corporate diversification in the 1970s

This research analyzes the performance of large corporations during the business cycles of the 1970s. The analysis identifies the level of diversification preferred by a risk-averse investor at different stages of the business cycle. The data base is a group of 222 large industrial corporations for which the number of four-digit SIC production areas has been determined for each firm. The analytical method used is that of second-degree stochastic dominance, a method that is sensitive not only to mean differences in corporate performance but also to the skewness of profitability distributions. The findings indicate that risk-averters would prefer the ten-year performance of moderately diversified firms to the performance of firms with low levels of diversification. In addition, moderately diversified firms were preferred to highly diversified firms. Finally, the experience of the 1970s suggest that there are serious managerial diseconomies of diversification in recessions.
Polyhedrosis-virus-surfactant and -insecticide combinations, and Bacillus thuringiensis-surfactant combinations, for cabbage-looper control

Abstract The use of an oil and endrin, when added to a virus-water solution, increased the control of infestations of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), on the waxy surface of a cabbage leaf. A threefold increase in virus dosage was significantly inferior to the virus and oil and endrin combinations. Oil P-3, P-1, and penetrant 50, when combined with the nuclear-polyhedrosis virus, were superior to the standard endrin at the recommended rate but not significantly so based upon percent marketable heads. All Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner [Thuricide]-surfactant and virus-insecticide combinations significantly reduced looper populations relative to the untreated check 7 days after application. Looper larval populations were practically eliminated when 75 percent of the loopers had evident symptoms of the polyhedrosis. However, the epizootic appeared only after loopers averaged one-half a looper per plant, which is considered an economic infestation after the edible portions form.
Sentinel lymph node positivity of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ or microinvasive breast cancer.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the rates of sentinel lymph node (SLN) positivity in patients with a final diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or microinvasive breast cancer (MIC). Methods One hundred thirty patients underwent SLN mapping from 1998 to 2003 for DCIS or MIC. Results One hundred nine patients with DCIS and 21 with MIC underwent SLN mapping. One patient with bilateral DCIS underwent 2 SLN procedures; therefore, the results of 131 SLN procedures are included. On hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, 4 of 110 patients (3.6%) with DCIS had positive SLNs. Four additional patients had positive SLNs by IHC staining only (3.6%). Two of 8 patients underwent completion axillary dissection, and neither had additional involved nodes on completion axillary dissection. One of the 21 patients with MIC had positive SLNs by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) (4.8%), and another had an involved SLN by IHC staining (4.8%). The patient with the positive SLN by H&E had 1 additional node on completion axillary dissection. Conclusion Rates of SLN positivity for patients with DCIS are modest, even in a high-risk population, and there is continuing uncertainty about its clinical importance.
Detrital stoichiometry as a critical nexus for the effects of streamwater nutrients on leaf litter breakdown rates

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations are elevated in many freshwater systems, stimulating breakdown rates of terrestrially derived plant litter; however, the relative importance of N and P in driving litter breakdown via microbial and detritivore processing are not fully understood. Here, we determined breakdown rates of two litter species, Acer rubrum (maple) and Rhododendron maximum (rhododendron), before (PRE) and during two years (YR1, YR2) of experimental N and P additions to five streams, and quantified the relative importance of hypothesized factors contributing to breakdown. Treatment streams received a gradient of P additions (low to high soluble reactive phosphorus [SRP]; ~10-85 µg/L) crossed with a gradient of N additions (high to low dissolved inorganic nitrogen [DIN]; ~472-96 µg/L) to achieve target molar N:P ratios ranging from 128 to 2. Litter breakdown rates increased above pre-treatment levels by an average of 1.1-2.2x for maple, and 2.7-4.9x for rhododendron in YR1 and YR2. We used path analysis to compare fungal biomass, shredder biomass, litter stoichiometry (nutrient content as C:N or C:P), discharge, and streamwater temperature as predictors of breakdown rates and compared models containing streamwater N, P or N + P and litter C:N or C:P using model selection criteria. Litter breakdown rates were predicted equally with either streamwater N or P (R2 = 0.57). In models with N or P, fungal biomass, litter stoichiometry, discharge, and shredder biomass predicted breakdown rates; litter stoichiometry and fungal biomass were most important for model fit. However, N and P effects may have occurred via subtly different pathways. Litter N content increased with fungal biomass (N-driven effects) and litter P content increased with streamwater P availability (P-driven effects), presumably via P storage in fungal biomass. In either case, the effects of N and P through these pathways were associated with higher shredder biomass and breakdown rates. Our results suggest that N and P stimulate litter breakdown rates via mechanisms in which litter stoichiometry is an important nexus for associated microbial and detritivore effects.
A Lexical-Functional Analysis of Predicate Topicalization in German

In this paper we examine the topicalization paradigm for ten different verbal constructions in German. We argue that a uniform explanation for the observed behaviors follows from the interpretation of the relevant expressions as (parts of) lexical representations. To this end we motivate a revision of Functional Uncertainty as proposed in Kaplan and Zaenen 1989 to account for filler/gap relations in long-distance dependencies. We assume with the original formulation of this principle that topicalized elements share values with the (grammatical) function status of an entity an indeterminate distance away. We appeal to the inventory of functions posited within LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR (LFG), inclusive of the frequently neglected PREDICATE function, which, we argue, is associated with both simple and complex predicates. In addition we show that topicalization, given this function-based proposal, should not be limited to maximal categories. We argue that the need to posit a PREDICATE function for German topicalization is supported by an independent line of research within LFG concerning the analysis of complex predicates. For this purpose we employ the proposals of T. Mohanan (1990/1994), which argue for the independence of the construct PREDICATE from its categorial realization. We show that this type of proposal extends to provide a uniform account of the German topicalization paradigm. This permits us to explain the similarities and differences in the behaviors of various sorts of predicators as well as certain idiomatic expressions interpreted as complex predicates.
Bone lead as a new biologic marker of lead dose: recent findings and implications for public health.

Measurements of lead in bone have recently become the focus of research because a) bone lead levels serve as a cumulative dosimeter of lead exposure over many years (because of lead's long residenc...
Preoperative Portal Venous and Hepatic Arterial Embolization of Tumor

Although the goal of embolization is usually to create therapeutic ischemia or hemostasis without surgery, the rationale for preoperative embolotherapy is different in several respects. First, the aim is to prepare patients for definitive surgical resection rather than cure or palliation, and, thus, the goals and expectations are limited and defined by close communication between the interventionalist and the surgeon. Second, when considering segmental resection, the normal liver should be protected from procedural damage. Third, the search for extrahepatic disease is crucial for these patients because resection is typically abandoned in favor of alternative therapies for patients with systemic disease. Finally, intraoperative ultrasound should always be considered to survey the future liver remnant for unsuspected small tumors and allow ablation of these lesions to maximize the success of partial hepatectomy. This article describes preoperative hepatic arterial and portal venous embolization in patients with or without cirrhosis complicated by tumors judged eligible for surgical resection or orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Each type of embolization will be reviewed in terms of indications and contraindications, technique, and complications. Finally, the outcomes will be evaluated in terms of morbidity, mortality, and tumor recurrence rates.
Effects of endotracheal tube leaks on functional residual capacity determination in intubated neonates.

Effects of Endotracheal Tube Leaks on Functional Residual Capacity Determination in Intubated Neonates
Analysis of Satellite Motion from Radio Reception

This paper presents an analysis of a radio signal originating from a tumbling and rotating earth satellite. An equation is derived for the relative motion of the unit position vector pointing from the observer to the satellite with respect to the satellite coordinate system. From this, the amplitude variation of the ground received radio signal is calculated. It is further shown how a recording of this amplitude variation can be used to calculate the tumbling angle of the satellite in space. A simple example is given in which this angle between the normal of the plane of a satellite turnstile antenna system and a fixed axis in space is determined with the help of AGC recording. These recordings can be made either with linear or circular polarized receiving antenna. For future stabilized satellites, these derived equations can be used as an easy check of the operational condition of the stablization system itself.
Comparing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HaCaT cells caused by 6‐aminochrysene and 5,6‐chrysenequinone under ultraviolet A irradiation

Chrysene is one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are toxic environmental pollutants. The photoproducts of 6-aminochrysene (6AC) include 5,6-chrysenequinone (5,6-CQ) along with some minor products. In this study, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 6AC and 5,6-CQ to a human skin cell line, HaCaT, were measured with the fluorescein diacetate uptake (FDA) test and comet assay, respectively, in the presence or absence of ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. The FDA test result showed that HaCaT cell viability decreased dose dependently after exposure to UVA irradiation in both 6AC (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 microM) and 5,6-CQ (0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 2.5, 5, 25 microM) groups, with the 6AC group having lower cell viability at the same substrate concentrations; therefore, 6AC was more cytotoxic. Results of the comet assay showed that the extent of DNA damage was also dose dependent after the combined UVA and 6AC treatment (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 microM), although no DNA damage was detectable in the 6AC group without UVA irradiation. In addition, no DNA damage was found in the 5,6-CQ group with or without UVA irradiation. Our study indicated that 5,6-CQ, the major photoproduct of 6AC, was less photocytotoxic than the parent compound and was not photogenotoxic to HaCaT cells under the experimental conditions.
A Professor's Experience With Loss: An Autobiographical Case Study

The purpose of this article is to present an autobiographical case study chronicling a psychology professor's experience with grief and the loss of her father during the early stages of her academic career. The article highlights the obstacles faced in dealing with anticipatory grief but also demonstrates how clinicians and researchers may use adverse life circumstances to develop research and applied programs centered around their experiences. Rooted in Viktor Frankl's work on logotherapy, the author demonstrates how traumatic experiences can help psychologists find meaning and purpose in their work. Directions for future research focusing on larger scale populations are addressed.
Positive deviance: An oxymoron

By general agreement among sociologists and other specialists, and by speakers of the English language, deviance refers to rule‐breaking and other nonconformity which is viewed in the society in a negative way, and hence reacted to with scorn, hostility, punishment, or an effort to effectuate change. Deviance is a special type of deviation, but the two terms are not interchangeable. The concept of “positive deviance” is and should remain an oxymoron or self‐contradicting phrase, because it would obfuscate rather than clarify, would collapse into one group two ends of continua that have nothing in common except that they do not meet in the middle, and would deprive social analysts of the opportunity to determine why and with what consequences people depart from the normative in a manner that elicits dire consequences, as well as why a more conforming public reacts with hostility to some forms of behavior and statuses. The traditional and accepted concept of deviance should be retained, as it links the stud...
Latest Cretaceous basin formation within the Salinian terrane of west-central California

Sedimentologic details provide new information about the controversial Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary history of the Salinian terrane, a displaced crustal block located in the California Coast Ranges. The preserved Upper Cretaceous strata were deposited as part of a fan-delta-submarine-fan system along the margin of a topographically steep basin bounded by normal faults. Coarse-grained sediments, derived from local basement rocks and volcanic rocks of a mature magmatic arc, were shed southward from a basement high north of the basin. Sediment compositions suggest connections to the southwestern Mojave Desert region. Paleomagnetic data collected from the central Salinian terrane indicate minimal northward transport relative to cratonal North America and support the hypothesis of an origin in southern California, rather than in southern Mexico/Central America. The Upper Cretaceous Salinian basin may have formed as an east-west-trending fore-arc graben that partitioned the Cordilleran arc into northern and southern segments, like the Sunda Strait, an extensional basin in Indonesia. Sunda Strait is a transition zone between Java, where the oceanic plate is subducting at right angles to the magmatic arc, and Sumatra, where the oceanic plate is subducting at an oblique angle. Like the right-lateral Central fault in Sumatra, right-lateral faults in the Sierra Nevada accommodated oblique subduction and facilitated extension where the subducting angle changed. The Late Cretaceous structures that accommodated extension in the Salinian terrane are not visible because of subsequent Cenozoic tectonism, which has slivered the terrane from a compact block into pieces that now extend from the Transverse Ranges to coastal locations north of San Francisco.
Detection of antibodies bound to tumor cell surface antigens with radioiodinated Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA)

Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) is known to bind to the Fc portion of certain subclasses of IgG. On the basis of this property, radioiodinated SPA (125I-SPA) was used to detect antibodies reacting with surface antigens of tumor cells. Target cells derived from an osteosarcoma growing in C3H/fHeJ mice and antiserum to this tumor prepared in female Hartley guineapigs were used to establish optimum conditions for the assay. Similar optimum conditions were also determined for human melanoma target cells. Target cells were plated at a concentration of either 3×105 cells per well or 1×105 cells per well in Microtest II plates, and allowed to form semiconfluent monolayers for 24–48 h respectively. Target cells thus prepared were treated with antiserum and then with 125I-SPA. A minimum of 30 min incubation time was found to be optimal for the antigen-antibody reaction. The quantity of 125I-SPA bound to antisera-treated target cells was found to depend on the time of incubation with 125I-SPA and on the concentration of SPA used. Longer incubation times and increasing concentrations of SPA resulted in greater amounts of 125I-SPA being bound to antiserum treated target cells. This assay was employed for the detection of antibodies in the sera of two melanoma patients and two colon carcinoma patients. The results of absorption analysis suggest that the antibody activity in the sera of the melanoma patients may be of four different specificities: (a) autoantibodies, (b) alloantibodies, (c) antibodies reacting with common, cross-reacting melanoma-associated antigens, and (d) antibodies reacting with unique antigens specific for autologous melanoma cells.
Shell deposits and shell preservation in quaternary and tertiary estuarine sediments in Georgia, U.S.A.

Abstract The present-day salt-marsh estuaries of Georgia are shallow-water bodies having expanses of intertidal realms as the result of a relatively large tidal range of 2 m. Three characteristic macro-invertebrate assemblages are distinguished in the intertidal realms: ( 1 ) an assemblage of vagrant benthos including numerous different clams and snails lives in and upon the sediments of the lower intertidal to shallow subtidal zone; ( 2 ) the oyster biocoenosis consists chiefly of sessile benthos associated with colonies of Crassostrea virginica in the lower intertidal zone; ( 3 ) the tidal-marsh assemblage is confined to grassy marshes of the higher intertidal zone; molluscs are represented by Littorina irrorata and Modiolus demissus . Processes of sedimentation dominate over erosional processes in the estuaries. Detrital sand, silt and clay, together with organic debris and skeletal carbonates, contribute to the accumulations. Destruction of shell remains is promoted by marine borers, particularly Cliona , and by chemical leaching. Especially in tidal-marsh soils shells are subject to dissolution unless they are buried rapidly. In a marsh sediment calcitic concretions were found, which formed around severely leached shell remains. Where shells within a reduced sediment are leached, the local rise in pH often promotes precipitation of iron monosulfide, which eventually is converted into pyrite. Once included in fine-grained sediments, however, shells have a good chance of becoming preserved, especially if they are thick and consist of calcite rather than aragonite. Oyster shells are thus particularly durable. Because of their local abundance, oysters yield sizable shell deposits, including reefs, reworked deposits, and cheniers. Reworked accumulations of considerable extent occur in intertidal and shallow subtidal realms, usually in the vicinity of major tidal inlets. The accumulations, which form lenticular bodies of varying lateral extent, are interbedded with detrital sediments. The matrix of the shell concentrates is generally muddy, but can also be sandy or conglomeratic. Oyster beds of Late Pleistocene and mid-Tertiary ages in Georgia are similar to the recent ones.
Propionic Acidemia Manifesting with Low Isoleucine Generalized Exfoliative Dermatosis

We describe an infant with propionic acidemia who developed a generalized exfoliative eruption. Preceding the eruption, he was on an amino acid restricted formula. Within days of liberalizing his restricted diet, the eruption resolved completely. A similar dermatitis has been reported in infants with inborn errors of metabolism who were on amino acid modified formulas. However, in most instances, the eruption was predominantly limited to the periorificial regions. Most critical in the etiology of cutaneous eruptions in these patients is low serum isoleucine. Amino acid malnutrition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of generalized exfoliative dermatosis in an infant. Supplementation with isoleucine-containing dietary proteins results in rapid clinical resolution.
Magnetic resonance imaging of a choroid plexus carcinoma and meningeal carcinomatosis in a dog.

A 6-year-old neutered female Boston Terrier had a slow onset of blindness and behavior changes. Neurologic abnormalities included bilateral visual loss with absent menace responses and visual tracking, mydriatic pupils, slow pupillary light responses and papilledema. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) there were multiple cyst-like structures found in the parenchyma of the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. Histopathologically the diagnosis was a choroid plexus carcinoma with meningeal carcinomatosis. The findings differ from previous descriptions of the MRI characteristics of choroids plexus tumors.
The Yin and Yang of bone morphogenetic proteins in cancer

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were first studied as growth factors or morphogens of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. These growth molecules, originally associated with bone and cartilage development, are now known to play an important role in morphogenesis and homeostasis in many other tissues. More recently, significant contributions from BMPs, their receptors, and interacting molecules have been linked to carcinogenesis and tumor progression. On the other hand, BMPs can sometimes function as a tumor suppressor. Our report highlights these new roles in the pathogenesis of cancer that may suggest novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
NUCLEON SINGLE-PARTICLE LEVELS IN A DIFFUSE NONLOCAL POTENTIAL WELL

Calculations have been made of the nucleon single-particle levels in ${\mathrm{Zr}}^{91}$ using a diffuse nuclear potential. The results of both local and nonlocal calculations are presented. The nonlocal calculations were made using the equivalent local-potential model formulated by Perey and Buck. It is shown that the nonlocal model provides good shell-model ordering of the states, gives parameters which are in good agreement with those found in scattering, yields results which are in good agreement with the experimentally determined levels, and gives a value of 3.07 MeV for the binding energy per nucleon. The value of the binding energy per nucleon found in the local calculations was 0.91 MeV.
E-Governance Approaches at the Local Level: A Case Study in Best Practice

In the fall of 2009, the city of Prague set out to conduct a critical analysis of its overall performance by closely examining the performance of the city's districts. In conjunction with the E-Governance Institute at Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, and the Public Technology Institute in Washington D.C., a quantitative survey of all 22 administrative districts' e-governance and online presence was conducted. Guided by the survey results, qualitative case studies of the top five performing districts were carried out in January 2010. The underlying goal of this research project is to further improve e-governance in Prague and foster a greater understanding of successful digital government initiatives. The findings of the survey and the case studies are presented, and key findings in the case studies are highlighted.
Ku80-deficient Cells Exhibit Excess Degradation of Extrachromosomal DNA

Mammalian cells possess a protein complex, termed DNA-PK, which binds to DNA double strand breaks in vitro. The complex consists of the heterodimeric Ku autoantigen and a DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-PKcs. Cell lines that are deficient for components of this complex are sensitive to ionizing radiation and have impaired V(D)J recombination, a site-specific recombination process. We have tested these cell lines for their ability to repair double strand breaks in transfected DNA. The xrs-6 cell line, which is deficient for the 80-kDa subunit of the Ku autoantigen, exhibited reduced stability of transfected DNA. Prior to obvious reductions in DNA stability, the levels of homologous recombination and DNA end joining were unaffected. However, the recovery of end joining products with precisely joined ends was reduced, with a concomitant increase in products containing deletions. Unlike the Ku80-deficient cells, no reduction in DNA stability was detected in DNA-PKcs-deficient scid cells. Scid cells also exhibited normal levels of homologous recombination and DNA end joining. These experiments implicate the Ku autoantigen, but not DNA-PKcs, in a direct role in protecting DNA ends from degradation.
Ways to Feel Comfortable: Teaching Aids to Promote Children's Comfort

Children often experience pain and anxiety during invasive procedures. Although parents are usually children's best supports during frightening and/or painful experiences, they may not know how to support their children during procedures in a health care setting. A videotape and accompanying booklet were developed to teach parents and children about nonpharmacologic techniques they can use to promote children's comfort. Ways in which these products are being used as well as plans for future use are discussed.
Relationship of endocrine function to inhibition of kindling

Both animal and clinical studies have demonstrated that progesterone has antiepileptic properties. Progesterone in the immature, but not mature brain, markedly inhibits kindling. The purpose of this study was to determine if the kindling inhibition effect of progesterone is related to systemic endocrine properties. The effect of alphaxalone and alphadalone acetate, two progesterone-like compounds devoid of significant endocrine effect, were administered to both immature and mature male rats during kindling. Alphaxalone and alphadalone acetate markedly inhibited kindling in the immature rat, but had minimal effects in the mature animal. This study demonstrates that the kindling inhibition effects of progesterone are not dependent on systemic endocrine properties.
Addressee backchannels steer narrative development

Brief addressee responses such as uh huh, oh, and wow, which are called backchannels, are typically considered reactive phenomena – devices that respond in various ways to what was just said. Addressees, in providing backchannels, actively shape story telling in spontaneous dialogue ( Bavelas et al., 2000). We contrasted generic backchannels with context-sensitive specific backchannels within a collection of face-to-face dialogues and in a narrative completion experiment. The analysis demonstrates that storytellers respond in distinct patterns to the two categories of backchannels. After generic backchannels, they provide discourse-new events. After specific backchannels, they provide elaborative information on previously presented events. Results from an experiment support this analysis, indicating that people reading transcripts of the conversation predict a similar pattern of story continuation following generic versus specific backchannels. We conclude that addressee responses are not only reactive, but proactive and collaborative in the shaping of narrative.
Ohio Appalachia Public Health Department Personnel: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine Availability, and Acceptance and Concerns Among Parents of Male and Female Adolescents

Public health departments (n = 48) serving the 32 counties of Ohio Appalachia were contacted to determine human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine availability and to assess patient and parental attitudes, perceived barriers, and decisional differences about vaccination for male and female adolescents. Nurses or nursing supervisors in 46 of 48 health departments agreed to participate with 45 (97.8 %) reporting that HPV vaccines were available for males and females. HPV vaccination barriers reported most frequently were lack of knowledge about the vaccines, concerns about potential side effects, the newness of the HPV vaccines, and parents believing their children were not sexually active or were too young to receive an HPV vaccine. Provider reports of the primary differences in the acceptability of an HPV vaccine among parents of males compared to the parents of females were lack of awareness that an HPV vaccine was available for males, not understanding why the vaccine should be given to males, and fear of vaccination increasing sexual promiscuity among female adolescents. Half of the health departments (n = 24) reported that parents of females were more receptive toward HPV vaccination, 16 health departments reported no difference in acceptability based on gender of the child, and 5 health departments reported that parents of males were more receptive. This study suggests that there are different informational needs of males and females and parents of male and female children when making an informed decision about HPV vaccination. Findings highlight content to include in strategies to increase HPV vaccination rates among Appalachia Ohio residents.
A General Model of a Production Line with Intermediate Buffer and Station Breakdown

Abstract A general model for a class of production lines with two unreliable stations, a finite capacity interstation buffer, discrete items, constant cycle time, and synchronous transfer is presented. The model is applicable to a broad range of production lines with various item service mechanisms, item transfer mechanisms, station breakdown mechanisms, and station repair mechanisms. The model provides insights into the general properties of production lines and gives rise to a general recursive solution for the steady-state probabilities. Sufficient conditions are given for the two special cases, the matrix geometric case and the scalar geometric case, which permit the efficient computation of the production rate.
Design of through beam connection detail for circular composite columns

Abstract Steel pipes with relatively thin wall thicknesses and filled with high strength concrete have been used in building construction. This structural system allows the designer to maintain managable column sizes while obtaining increased stiffness and ductility for wind and seismic loads. Column shapes can take the form of tubes or pipes as required by architectural restrictions. Additionally, shop fabrication of steel shapes helps to ensure quality control. In this type of construction, in general, heavy steel beams are framed to the composite columns at each floor level. Often, these connections are required to develop the shear yield and plastic moment capacity of the beam simultaneously. In a previous investigation, a new connection detail for composite columns consisting of a square tube filled with high-strength concrete was developed. Knowledge gained from that investigation together with major revisions to general design philosophy and some simplifying assumptions are used to suggest a design procedure for a connection detail that could be used to connect steel beams to circular composite columns.
SPALDING GRAY'S LAST INTERVIEW

On January 9th 2004 I interviewed Spalding Gray for the purpose of my dissertation research. Roughly twenty-four hours later, he went missing. Though I find it odd to frame my intentions in this manner, my essay is, at least in part, an effort to solve a mystery: Why did Gray agree to meet and discuss the life of Ron Vawter on the day before he killed himself ? It is also an effort to grasp my relationship to the death of a stranger, a man whom I knew for little over an hour. Since Gray’s disappearance, I’ve struggled with an awkward recognition that our interview was the scene of something larger than a conversation about Vawter’s past, even though it was rooted in Gray’s memories of the personal and professional journeys they had taken together, first as members of The Performance Group, then of The Wooster Group. I use the word “scene” cautiously, at once resisting and embracing its reference to theatre. While I do not wish to claim Gray treated our interview as an orchestrated show, I now intuit that he used the occasion of remembering Vawter to address an audience in addition to me. What initially seemed like a rare opportunity to capture Gray’s thoughts on a deceased friend and colleague later struck me as the performer’s final effort to see himself through Vawter’s eyes, and to imagine the ways in which others might see and respond to his decision to end his life/story. The image of a dying man seeking an audience will surely offend some people. There is a sense in which we are more at ease with viewing suicide as a rash and profoundly isolated act. Yet over the past three years, I’ve uncovered a body of writing suggesting that my hunch about the hybrid nature of our encounter—private and public, coincidental and tactical—is correct. The performance scholar Della Pollock has theorized the unspoken expectations that underlie the oral history interview in this way: “The interviewer is her/himself a symbolic presence, standing in for other, unseen audiences and invoking a social compact: a tacit agreement that what is heard will be integrated into public memory and social knowledge in such a way that . . . it will make a material difference.” 1 On a more concrete level, there is Gaby Woods’s article, published in The Guardian to mark the first anniversary of Gray’s death. Among the former friends and confidantes of Gray whom Woods quotes is Oliver
Threshold size for optimal passive pulmonary targeting and retention of rigid microparticles in rats

The relationship between microparticle (MP) size and lung targeting efficiency, intra-lung distribution and retention time was systematically studied after intravenous administration of rigid fluorescent polystyrene MPs of various sizes (2, 3, 6 and 10 microm) to Sprague Dawley rats. Total fluorescence was assessed and it was found that 2 microm and 3 microm MPs readily passed through the lung to the liver and spleen while 10 microm MPs were completely entrapped in the lung for the one-week duration of the study. Approximately 84% of 6 microm MPs that were initially entrapped in the lung were cleared over the next 2 days and 15% were cleared over the remaining 5 days. A Caliper IVIS 100 small animal imaging system confirmed that 3 microm MPs were not retained in the lung but that 6 microm and 10 microm MPs were widely distributed throughout the lung. Moreover, histologic examination showed MP entrapment in capillaries but not arterioles. These studies suggest that for rigid MPs the optimal size range required to achieve transient but highly efficiently targeting to pulmonary capillaries after IV injection is >6 microm but <10 microm in rats and that systemic administration of optimally sized MPs may be an efficient alternative to currently used inhalation-based delivery to the lung.
Can we predict mutant neoepitopes in human cancers for patient-specific vaccine therapy?

See related article by Fritsch et al., [p. 522][1] Most human cancers acquire tens to hundreds of somatic mutations (termed the “tumor mutome”) during their development ([1][2]). Each of these mutations has the potential to generate one or more novel T-cell antigens (termed “neoepitopes”)
Ethnic Group Differences in Lay Philosophies of Behavior in the United States

This study tested whether national representative samples of Asians, Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites in the United States varied in their endorsements of dispositionist, situationist, and interactionist lay philosophies of behavior. Results were generally inconsistent with a lay philosophy of behavior account for ethnic differences in attribution tendencies. Specifically, Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics more strongly endorsed a dispositionist lay philosophy of behavior than did Whites. The only other ethnic group difference the authors found was that Blacks endorsed a situationist lay philosophy of behavior more strongly than did Whites. Endorsements of an interactionist lay philosophy did not differ across ethnic groups. Results also revealed that age, income, and education had more consistent and sometimes larger effects than ethnic category on endorsement of different lay philosophies of behavior. Implications are discussed.
Marker Variable Choice, Reporting, and Interpretation in the Detection of Common Method Variance: A Review and Demonstration

This article investigates in two ways the use and reporting of marker variables to detect common method variance (CMV) in organizational research. First, a review of 398 empirical articles and 41 unpublished dissertations that employ marker variables indicates that authors are not reporting adequate information regarding marker variable choice and use, are choosing inappropriate marker variables, and are possibly making errors in their assessment of CMV effects. Second, two data sets are presented that investigate the properties of six prospective markers to assess the degree to which they capture specific, measurable causes of CMV and the conclusions these markers produce when applied to substantive relationships. Results from the review and empirical investigation are used to expand the set of conditions scholars should consider when determining whether to employ a marker technique over other alternatives for detecting and controlling CMV and how best to do so.
Histomorphometry of fragmented medial coronoid process in dogs: a comparison of affected and normal coronoid processes.

Objective— To determine if fatigue microdamage is associated with fragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP). Study Design— Prospective study. Animals— Thirty-eight dogs were admitted for subtotal coronoid ostectomy as treatment for FMCP. Surgical specimens of medial coronoid process (MCP) were retrieved from treated dogs. Normal MCP were collected from 5 age- and breed-matched dogs and 2 age-matched research beagles that were euthanatized for reasons other than elbow disease. Methods— MCP specimens from affected elbows were classified into 4 groups based on disease severity. Specimens were bulk-stained for microdamage using 1% basic fuchsin, embedded in polymethylmethacrylate and sectioned at 130 μm. Specimens were evaluated using epifluorescent microscopy (425–440 excitation, 475 nm barrier filter) for diffuse damage (D.DX), osteocyte loss, and porosity. Cartilage thickness was evaluated using bright field microscopy. Qualitative observations were also made. Results— MCP specimens from affected elbows had increased D.Dx, increased osteocyte loss, and greater porosity than normal groups. Specimens classified as severe FMCP (Classes 3, 4) had the most fatigue microdamage. Some Class 1 specimens, defined as having no visible fissuring of the articular cartilage (AC), had large microcracks in trabecular bone. Conclusions— Accumulation of subchondral fatigue microdamage, is associated with MCP fragmentation. Fissuring occurs in the subchondral bone before gross fibrillation of articular cartilage develops. Clinical Relevance— Accumulation of fatigue microdamage in the MCP is important in the pathogenesis of FMCP. The underlying cause of this microdamage accumulation must be identified before treatment plans that will prevent further osteoarthritis of the elbow joint can be designed.
A note on the power of threshold circuits

The author presents a very simple proof of the fact that any language accepted by polynomial-size depth-k unbounded-fan-in circuits of AND and OR gates is accepted by depth-three threshold circuits of size n raised to the power O(log/sup k/n). The proof uses much of the intuition of S. Toda's result that the polynomial hierarchy is contained in P/sup Hash P/ (30th Ann. Symp. Foundations Comput. Sci., p.514-519, 1989). >
Development of a multicomponent-multisize liberation model

Abstract This paper is concerned with the development of a kinetic model for mineral liberation by grinding. Existing population balance size reduction models are extended to include two minerals with an arbitrary number of locked particle fractions. The validity of this approach to liberation modelling is demonstrated for the ball mill grinding of a copper ore in batch laboratory and continuous pilot plant mills.
ENVIRONMENTAL CORRELATES OF NEGATIVE EMOTIONS IN CHILDREN

Studies of the place uses and place preferences of young people have often disregarded the effects of negative and positive emotions. Conversely, studies of emotional disorders in young people have used a narrow definition of environment in describing the etiology and sequelae of depressive and anxious symptoms. This study explored the relations between emotions and environment in a group of 322 boys, aged 8 to 16, who attended a residential summer camp for 2 or 4 weeks. Self-reported negative emotions were associated with low overall environmental satisfaction. In addition, boys with higher levels of negative emotions were more likely to choose favorite places where they could be alone, whereas happier children chose places where they could socialize. Contrary to expectations, there was some evidence that negative emotions increased environmental exploration. Children's negative emo- tions may be both a cause and a consequence of unsatisfactory interactions with novel environments and may result in compensatory behavioral withdrawal or perseverative exploration. In the mid-1970s, during the infancy of person-environment research in geography and psychology, Tuan (1974a) discussed the links between the environment and emotion. He recounted the disillusionment of Saint Augustine with his home area of Thagaste upon the death of his friend. Tuan