cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear scaling schemes for Lennard-Jones interactions in free energy calculations.

Alchemical free energy calculations provide a means for the accurate determination of free energies from atomistic simulations and are increasingly used as a tool for computational studies of protein-ligand interactions. Much attention has been placed on efficient ways to deal with the “endpoint singularity” effect that can cause simulation instabilities when changing the number of atoms. In this study we compare the performance of linear and several nonlinear transformation methods, among them separation shifted “soft core” scaling, for a popular test system, the hydration free energy of an amino acid side chain. All the nonlinear methods yield similar results if extensive sampling is performed, but soft core scaling provides smooth λ curves that are best suited for commonly used numerical integration schemes. Additionally, results from a more flexible solute, hexane, will also be discussed.
Does the classical M1/M2 dichotomy reflect the functional phenotypes of human decidual macrophages?

Evaluation of: Houser BL, Tilburgs T, Hill J, Nicotra ML, Strominger JL. Two unique human decidual macrophage populations. J. Immunol. 186(4), 2633–2642 (2011).Constituents of the mononuclear phagocyte system, including macrophages (Mφs), display a remarkable potential to acquire variable phenotypes that rely on cell-to-cell contact and exposure to soluble factors in the tissue microenvironment. Mφs are a major subpopulation of the immunocompetent cells residing in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy. Although the activities of Mφs at the human feto–maternal interface are thought to be critical for tissue remodeling and immunological regulation, the phenotypic differentiation and molecular mechanisms underlying their activities have not been fully elucidated. A recent publication by Houser and colleagues provides novel insights into the biology of decidual Mφs (dMφs). The authors report that dMφs can be subcategorized by their cell surface expression of CD11c (CD11cHI and CD11cLO). Gene-expression ar...
Measures of communication‐bound anxiety

(1970). Measures of communication‐bound anxiety. Speech Monographs: Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 269-277.
Surfacing culture: the ‘northeast restaurants’ case

Abstract While much has been written about the influential role of culture in organizations, few authors have addressed exactly how managers can learn about the important values, beliefs, and assumptions of their own cultures. Fewer still have addressed the important issue of how managers can come to grips with what they have learned and how they can put this new information to use. The specific method of cultural assessment described in this article fills part of that void. The article is divided into five sections. The first section is devoted to identifying some reasons why it is important for managers to know about the power of organizational culture. In the second section organizational culture is defined. Also organizational culture is clarified and what culture is and is not is defined. The third section is devoted to introducing a specific method of uncovering culture that managers may find useful. The example in this section illustrates how the culture of a specific restaurant company was ‘surfaced’. In the fourth and fifth sections the advantages of cultural surfacing and problems with the process are discussed.
Abstract 4616: Oncogenic c- and N-Myc disrupt circadian rhythm.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Circadian rhythms are regulated by feedback loops comprising a network of factors that regulate Clock-associated genes. Chronotherapy seeks to take advantage of altered circadian rhythms in some cancers to better time administration of treatments to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity. Taking advantage of cancers that have substantially different circadian rhythms, or are ‘out of phase’, with normal tissues, could open a wide therapeutic window to make them vulnerable to chemotherapy or targeted drugs at different times than normal tissue. However, there is currently no basis to identify which cancers have disrupted circadian rhythms and would be amenable to chronotherapy. c- and N-Myc are oncogenic transcription factors translocated or amplified in many cancers. While the role of Myc in circadian rhythm is currently unknown, it may affect circadian rhythm by binding to the same E-box promoter regions used by the central regulators of circadian rhythm, Clock/Bmal1. Additionally, Myc increases NAD+ levels through upregulation of NAMPT, and NAD+ is a crucial cofactor in the activity of the circadian regulator Sirt1. Thus, we hypothesized that Myc may disrupt circadian rhythm through two mechanisms: inappropriate engagement of E-box promoters and also upregulation of NAMPT leading to dysregulated Sirt1 activity. Here we show in neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma cells that overexpressed Myc specifically upregulated the negative circadian regulator Rev-erbα, which in turn decreased expression of Bmal1. Inhibition of NAMPT downstream of Myc upregulation also led to major perturbations in circadian gene expression, suggesting a role for NAD modulation downstream of Myc in disruption of circadian rhythm. Importantly, My-expressing cells showed dramatically disrupted circadian oscillations, which could be partially rescued by inhibiting expression of Rev-erbα. Together, these data suggest that Myc-driven cancers have altered circadian oscillation due to upregulation of Rev-erbα and NAMPT, and that cancers driven by Myc may thus be good candidates for chronotherapy. We thank the following funding sources: NIH R01CA051497, R01CA57341, LLS 636311 Citation Format: Brian J. Altman, Annie Hsieh, Arvin Gouw, Anand Venkataraman, Bo Li, David Bellovin, M. Celeste Simon, Dean Felsher, John Hogenesch, Chi V. Dang. Oncogenic c- and N-Myc disrupt circadian rhythm. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4616. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4616
A New Acylated Oleanane Triterpenoid from Couepia polyandra that Inhibits the Lyase Activity of DNA Polymerase β

Bioassay-directed fractionation of a n-hexane extract of Couepia polyandra using an assay to detect inhibitors of the lyase activity of DNA polymerase β resulted in the isolation of the new triterpene 3β,16β,23-triacetoxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and four known compounds, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol. The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic interpretation. All five compounds inhibited DNA polymerase β lyase activity.
Relationship of hydraulic impedance and elasticity in the pulmonary artery of maturing newborn pigs.

Abstract The current study determined the dynamic stress–strain elastic moduli ( E Y ) and characteristic impedances ( Z 0(2–7Hz) ) of the main pulmonary artery in open-chest, anesthetized newborn pigs at 2 days, 2 weeks, and 3 months of age. E Y and Z 0(2–7Hz) were compared to those values derived from the Womersley and Moens–Korteweg equations (denoted E W-MK and Z 0W-MK , respectively) to test the validity of these equations in describing the elasticity of the intact newborn pulmonary artery. E Y was defined as the ratio of stress to strain. The current study hypothesized that: (1) E Y and E W-MK are numerically similar, and therefore the Womersley and Moens–Korteweg equations accurately describe the viscoelastic properties of the main pulmonary artery of the newborn pig, and (2) that both E Y and Z 0 are elevated at birth and undergo a steady decline with maturation. E Y was not significantly different from E W-MK , while Z 0(2–7Hz) was nearly identical to Z 0W-MK in all groups. The elastic modulus peaked ( P Z 0(2–7Hz) decreased with increasing age (48 h = 1237 ± 251 [SEM] dyn s cm −5 , 2-week = 433 ± 95 dyn s cm −5 , 3 month = 162 ± 17 dyn s cm −5 , P Z 0 may occur even with increased wall stiffness, as observed in our 2-week-old pigs.
A pilot study of basal ganglia and thalamus structure by high dimensional mapping in children with Tourette syndrome

Background : Prior brain imaging and autopsy studies have suggested that structural abnormalities of the basal ganglia (BG) nuclei may be present in Tourette Syndrome (TS). These studies have focused mainly on the volume differences of the BG structures and not their anatomical shapes. Shape differences of various brain structures have been demonstrated in other neuropsychiatric disorders using large-deformation, high dimensional brain mapping (HDBM-LD). A previous study of a small sample of adult TS patients demonstrated the validity of the method, but did not find significant differences compared to controls. Since TS usually begins in childhood and adult studies may show structure differences due to adaptations, we hypothesized that differences in BG and thalamus structure geometry and volume due to etiological changes in TS might be better characterized in children. Objective : Pilot the HDBM-LD method in children and estimate effect sizes. Methods : In this pilot study, T1-weighted MRIs were collected in 13 children with TS and 16 healthy, tic-free, control children. The groups were well matched for age. The primary outcome measures were the first 10 eigenvectors which are derived using HDBM-LD methods and represent the majority of the geometric shape of each structure, and the volumes of each structure adjusted for whole brain volume. We also compared hemispheric right/left asymmetry and estimated effect sizes for both volume and shape differences between groups. Results : We found no statistically significant differences between the TS subjects and controls in volume, shape, or right/left asymmetry. Effect sizes were greater for shape analysis than for volume. Conclusion : This study represents one of the first efforts to study the shape as opposed to the volume of the BG in TS, but power was limited by sample size. Shape analysis by the HDBM-LD method may prove more sensitive to group differences.
Effect of soil total iron on magnetic resonance image quality

Abstract Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides intriguing opportunities for studying soil organisms and plant roots. However, the usefulness of MRI is sometimes limited by iron fractions which interfere with image quality. Data were collected which quantified hydrogen MR image intensity versus concentration of total iron in selected soils. It is suggested that one compare MRI signal intensity of water in a standard material such as purified quartz and in the natural soil of interest when doing quantitative hydrogen MRI studies involving soil plants or other organisms.
Selective spin inversion in nuclear magnetic resonance and coherent optics through an exact solution of the Bloch-Riccati equation

An analytical solution of the Bloch equations is presented using as a driving function a complex hyperbolic secant pulse. The solution indicates that, under the appropriate conditions, the use of such a pulse creates a highly selective population inversion which, above a critical threshold, is independent of pulse (irradiating ${B}_{1}$ field) amplitude and hence ${B}_{1}$ field homogeneity. This result is shown to be in excellent agreement with experiment, and as an aid to comprehension, analogies to adiabatic rapid passage and self-induced transparency are drawn.
Practical Neuroimaging of Central Nervous System Tumors for Surgical Pathologists

Imaging has established itself as an irreplaceable component of neuro-oncology, and provided much insight in all aspects of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Today, similar to some other medical specialties, such as bone and joint disorders, it is an integral part of the diagnosis of CNS tumors. This brief review highlights the critical elements of neuroimaging, especially of MRI, in the study and diagnosis of brain tumors, and considers some of the common entities for the diagnosis, of which a good understanding of imaging characteristics is extremely helpful.
Chemical solution deposition of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films for non-volatile memory applications

Abstract SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films have received considerable attention for use as nonvolatile memory elements. We have developed a process to prepare SBT films with good ferroelectric properties at low temperatures. In this paper, we will present strategies used to optimize the properties of the films including film composition, the nature of the substrate (or bottom electrode) used, and the thermal processing cycle. Under appropriate conditions, ∼1700A films can be prepared which have a large switchable polarization (2Psw >10μC/cm2), and an operating voltage ≤2.0V.
Rotation invariant feature extraction using Ridgelet and Fourier transforms

In this paper, we present a novel descriptor for feature extraction by using a combination of Ridgelets and Fourier transform. We have successfully implemented ridgelets on the circular disk containing the pattern and applied Fourier transform on the resulting ridgelet coefficients to extract rotation-invariant features for pattern recognition. The descriptor is very robust to Gaussian noise even when the noise level is high. Experimental results show that the new descriptor is a very good choice for pattern recognition.
A page from my oncology fellowship.

Lauren was 26 years old when she received the diagnosis of advanced, aggressive lymphoma. She started chemotherapy at my institution when I was a first-year hematology–oncology fellow. Basically ch...
Nitric oxide reduction using platinum electrodes on yttria-stabilized zirconia

Abstract A high-temperature, stabilized-zirconia cell with an iridium cathode was used to electrochemically reduce low concentrations of nitric oxide (230–610 ppm) in streams containing oxygen (129–9800 ppm). A combination of thermodynamic considerations, responses to changes in the gas stream, and steady-state galvanostatic experiments suggest that the iridium electrode is converted to iridium dioxide by nitric oxide at open circuit and potentials more positive than −300 mV versus an air electrode. If the electrode is reduced to iridium metal at more negative potentials, nitric oxide can be electrochemically reduced more rapidly than oxygen.
Rosiglitazone Treatment Reversed Depression- but Not Psychosis-Like Behavior of db/db Diabetic Mice

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of long-term management of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia on neurobehavioral deficits in db/db mice. In this study, 5-week-old db/db and lean control mice were fed with rosiglitazone (20 mg/kg/day) mixed or standard chow for a duration of 5 weeks. Mice were monitored weekly for blood glucose concentration. Five weeks after the onset of treatment, they were subjected to the forced swim test (FST), pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), open field test (OFT) and fear-potentiated startle (FPS) test to examine for depression, psychosis-like behavior, locomotor activity and emotional learning, respectively. Rosiglitazone normalized hyperglycemia and improved glucose tolerance. Rosiglitazone significantly reduced immobility time in the FST in db/db mice, suggesting an antidepressant-like effect. However, rosiglitazone failed to reverse disruption of PPI in db/db mice, indicating its ineffectiveness against psychosis-like behavior. In the OFT, rosiglitazone did not affect the activity of db/db mice, suggesting its antidepressant-like effect was independent of changes in locomotor activity. In the FPS test, db/db mice showed impaired emotional learning and rosiglitazone failed to correct it. In conclusion, long-term blood glucose management in type-2 diabetics may help to limit the co-occurrence of depression but not the psychotic symptoms and ability to cope with stress.
Standards for lethal response to problem urban wildlife

Abstract Managers face limited options when dealing with problems created by urban wildlife. Destroying an animal that is perceived to be a nuisance is sometimes acceptable; at other times destroying the animal may be controversial. This paper uses the structural norm approach to develop standards for an agency's use of lethal response to problem urban wildlife. The paper describes three structural characteristics of public wildlife management norms (range of acceptable situations, norm intensity, and norm agreement) and shows how these standards may be affected by different situational contexts (impact severity) and different animal species. Three wildlife species (beavers, coyotes, and mountain lions) are examined across a continuum of situation contexts ranging from seeing wildlife in a residential area to an animal killing a person. For all three species, acceptability of destroying the animal increased as the impact severity of the human‐wildlife interaction increased. For identical situations, howev...
James J. Gallagher: Man in the White Hat

In classic Western movies, the good guy could be frequently identified by his trademark white Stetson hat, whereas the bad guy always wore black. James J. Gallagher wore many hats during his career that spanned over six decades; he too would be known as the “man in the white hat,”—trusted to do the right thing. From 1967 to 1970, chiefly during the Nixon Administration, Gallagher wore the hat of public servant in Washington, D.C. He served as the first chief of the Bureau for the Education of the Handicapped (BEH) and then as Deputy Assistant Secretary for Planning, Research, and Evaluation—Both the positions were within the United States Office of Education (USOE) and under the larger umbrella of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. This article outlines his federal contributions and their enduring impact on the fields of both special education and gifted education.
DESIGN OF A POSITIVE RESIST FOR PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY IN THE MID UV.

The design, synthesis, formulation, and process optimization of a new mid-UV resist are described. The synthesis of a spectrally matched sensitizer was guided by semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations that predict the effect of structural changes on optical absorption characteristics. The formulation was guided by computer profile simulation studies and the process development by a response surface analytical procedure. These techniques allowed formulation optimization to be achieved on the basis of an understanding of the complex interactions between the resist dissolution response functions and the modulation transfer function of the exposure tool for which the resist was designed.
Effects of Parvovirus B19 Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Retrospective Review of Three Cases

Parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is a DNA virus which causes clinically relevant infection in renal transplant recipients (RTR) leading to significant morbidity. Manifestations include erythropoietin resistant anemia, proteinuria, and glomerulosclerosis in the allograft. Severe infection may require administration of intravenous immunoglobulin, reduction in immunosuppression and transfusions. The major challenge in managing and preventing the infection in RTR involves the act of balancing the decreased level of immunosuppression and the risk of rejection. The objective of this article is to understand the importance of PVB19 infection and its outcome in RTR. We reviewed the medical records of three RTR with confirmed PVB19 infection and recorded patient information including demographics, clinical and laboratory data, management, and outcome. The average time of occurrence of PVB19 infection as transplant was 8.6 weeks and they presented with symptomatic anemia. Elevated creatinine values were noted in two of them. Following treatment, anemia improved and creatinine values returned to baseline. One of them developed an early relapse and had to be treated once again similarly. We emphasize the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for PVB19 infection in patients with anemia in the posttransplant phase, especially in patients on higher doses of immunosuppressants. Early and proper treatment can prevent worsening clinical condition and possible effects on the allograft.
Ordered Cooperative Functions of PRMT1, p300, and CARM1 in Transcriptional Activation by p53

Transcriptional coactivators that modify histones represent an increasingly important group of regulatory factors, although their ability to modify other factors as well precludes common assumptions that they necessarily act by histone modification. In an extension of previous studies showing a role for acetyltransferase p300/CBP in p53 function, we have used systems reconstituted with recombinant chromatin templates and (co)activators to demonstrate (1) the additional involvement of protein arginine methyltransferases PRMT1 and CARM1 in p53 function; (2) both independent and ordered cooperative functions of p300, PRMT1, and CARM1; and (3) mechanisms that involve direct interactions with p53 and, most importantly, obligatory modifications of corresponding histone substrates. ChIP analyses have confirmed the ordered accumulation of these (and other) coactivators and cognate histone modifications on the GADD45 gene following ectopic p53 expression and/or UV irradiation. These studies thus define diverse cofactor functions, as well as underlying mechanisms involving distinct histone modifications, in p53-dependent gene activation.
FT-IR photoacoustic depth profiling spectroscopy of enamel

Photoacoustic Fourier transform infrared (PA-FT-IR) depth profiling spectra of the enamel of an intact human tooth are obtained in a completely nondestructive fashion. The compositional and structural changes in the tissue are probed from the enamel surface to a depth of about 200 μm. These changes reflect the state of tissue development. The subsurface carbonate gradient in the enamel could be observed over the range of about 10–100 μm. The carbonate-to-phosphate ratio increases in the depth profile. The depth profile also reveals changes in the substitutional distribution of carbonate ions. Type A carbonates (hydroxyl substituted) increase relative to type B carbonates (phosphate substituted) with increasing thermal diffusion length. In addition to the changes in the carbonate ion distribution and content, the PA-FT-IR depth profile clearly indicates a dramatic increase in the protein content relative to the phosphate content with increased depth. The changes in the carbonate content and distribution, along with the changes in the protein content, may be responsible for the changes observed in the apatitic structure in the depth profile of the enamel.
Multicultural considerations in the application of child protection laws

Professionals exercise a great deal of discretion in the application of mandatory reporting laws and child welfare laws. This paper examines the subjective factors that influence the decisionmaking process from labeling an incident as possible abuse or neglect through the disposition stage. Multicultural issues that affect each stage of the process are discussed. Areas of disparate treatment of minorities are considered. Disparate treatment stems from biased and unequal application of the laws in some cases, or when standards are applied and interventions made that are insensitive to the cultural context of the family. Potential consequences of failing to consider culture in applying child protection laws are biased reporting, errors in assessing perceived risk, ineffective interventions, and increased out- of- home placements. The need for a culturally sensitive approach to assessment and intervention is emphasized. Areas for future research are recommended.
Effect of sediment size on area of influence during groundwater remediation by air sparging: a laboratory approach

Air sparging is a groundwater remediation technique, in which organic contaminants volatilize into air as it rises from the saturated to vadose zone. An unknown has been the relationship between sediment size and area affected by air. Laboratory experiments were performed on sediments to determine the area affected by air as a function of grain size. For average grain sizes of 1.1 and 1.3-mm diameter, air flow occurs in discrete meandering channels, with a maximum area of sediment column affected of 13%/m2 for 1.1-mm and 14%/m2 for 1.3-mm sediments. For average grain sizes of 1.84, 2.61 and 4.38-mm diameter, air flow is pervasive, forming a symmetrical cone of influence around the injection point. Maximum areas affected are15%/m2 for 1.84-mm, 25%/m2 for 2.61-mm, and 9%/m2 for 4.38-mm sediments. Optimal sites for air sparging, may be those with grain diameters between about 2–3 mm.
The relationship of academic performance and social support to graduation among African-American and White university students: A path-analytic model

The influence of perceived social support on differential graduation rates of African-American and White students at a predominantly White university was assessed through path analysis. In the path model, precollege academic performance, first-year college grade-point average (CGPA), and general adjustment variables were hypothesized to affect graduation. Although this initial model provided an adequate fit to the data, the direct path from social support to CGPA was not significant. In a revised model, only the influence of CGPA directly influenced graduation. Further research must be conducted to clarify the interaction of academic and social-behavioral variables in influencing graduation patterns.
Peptide template effects for the synthesis and catalytic application of Pd nanoparticle networks

Translation of nanomaterials from spherical to other shapes has demonstrated property and activity enhancement for applications ranging from optics to catalysis. Unfortunately, synthetic techniques for the controlled production of shaped nanomaterials, which can employ harsh conditions, remains challenging. In contrast, the fabrication of nanostructures using peptides has achieved the generation of functionally active materials using bio-conditions; however, these methods are typically limited to spherical materials. By merging these techniques, the biomimetic/ambient production of functional, shaped nanostructures may be achieved. Here we present the fabrication of non-spherical Pd nanostructures prepared using a peptide template. By controlling the Pd : peptide ratio, the production of at least three different Pd morphologies is possible: nanoparticles, short linear nanoribbons, and nanoparticle networks. Furthermore, all of the materials are active for Stille C-coupling catalysis using aqueous and room temperature conditions at low Pd concentrations. The results suggest that both the zerovalent Pd materials and the ligand surface structure modulate the reactivity, which may be exploitable for optimal functionality.
Large-scale expression, purification, and characterization of an engineered prostacyclin-synthesizing enzyme with therapeutic potential

Recently, we reported that a novel hybrid enzyme (TriCat enzyme), engineered by linking human cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with prostacyclin (PGI(2)) synthase (PGIS) together through a transmembrane domain, was able to directly integrate the triple catalytic (TripCat) functions of COX-2 and PGIS and effectively convert arachidonic acid (AA) into the vascular protector, PGI(2) [K.H. Ruan, H. Deng, S.P. So, Biochemistry 45 (2006) 14003-14011]. In order to confirm the important biological activity and evaluate its therapeutic potential, it is critical to characterize the properties of the enzyme using the purified protein. The TriCat enzyme cDNA was subcloned into a baculovirus vector and its protein was expressed in Sf-9 cells in large-scale with a high-yield ( approximately 4% of the total membrane protein), as confirmed by Western blot and protein staining. The Sf-9 cells' membrane fraction, rich in TriCat enzyme, exhibited strong TriCat functions (K(m)=3 microM and K(cat)=100 molecules/min) for the TriCat enzyme and was 3-folds faster in converting AA to PGI(2) than the combination of the individual COX-2 and PGIS. Another superiority of the TriCat enzyme is its dual effect on platelet aggregation: it completely inhibited platelet aggregation at the low concentration of 2 microg/ml and then displayed the ability to reverse the initially aggregated platelets to their non-aggregated state. Furthermore, multiple substrate-binding sites were confirmed in the single protein by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, using partially purified TriCat enzyme. These studies have clearly demonstrated that the isolated TriCat enzyme protein functions in the selective biosynthesis of the vascular protector, PGI(2), and revealed its potential for anti-thrombosis therapeutics.
On the generation of high-energy particles in solar flares.

This paper discusses the relationship between some characteristics of microwave type IV radio bursts and solar cosmic ray protons of MeV energy. It is shown that the peak flux intensity of those bursts is almost linearly correlated with the MeV proton peak flux observed by satellites near the earth and that protons and electrons would be accelerated simultaneously by a similar mechanism during the explosive phase of solar flares. Brief discussion is given on the propagation of solar cosmic rays in the solar envelope after ejection from the flare regions.
Successive vs simultaneous processing of superimposed visual stimuli

A visual analogue of Savin’s (1967) auditory task was used to examine preferred order of recall and order of recall accuracy for two pairs of visually superimposed digits. Savin (1967) and Rollins, Everson, and Schurman (1972) found that Ss preferred to recall simultaneous auditory information in successive order, even though the information was presented over a single channel. In the present experiments, Ss were found to prefer strongly to recall visual information in simultaneous order. On the other hand, the results of Rollins et al (1972), that Ss are equally accurate when forced to recall simultaneous auditory information in either the preferred or nonpreferred mode, were replicated for this visual task. The results of these experiments, together with the experiment reported by Rollins et al (1972), indicate that verbal information is processed differently by these two sensory systems.
Stomatal response to humidity in sugarcane and soybean: effect of vapour pressure difference on the kinetics of the blue light response

Etude des effets de la lumiere bleue sur les stomates de Glycine max et de Saccharum pour des conditions d'humidite variables: Correlations entre ces deux facteurs et comparaison entre les deux especes vegetales
Effect of roughness, frustration, and antiferromagnetic order on magnetic coupling of Fe/Cr multilayers

Abstract The interplay between interfacial disorder and the antiferromagnetic order in Cr leads to complex behavior in Fe/Cr multilayers. Measurements of interlayer coupling are discussed for samples with different amounts of disorder ranging from optimally fabricated trilayers of Fe/Cr/Fe on Fe(0 0 1) whiskers, to trilayers with increasing degrees of interfacial roughness, and finally to superlattices of Fe/Cr. The coupling of ferromagnets through noble-metal spacer layers can be described by a model that consists of bilinear coupling averaged over thickness fluctuations and extrinsic biquadratic coupling induced by the thickness fluctuations. This, the conventional model, also describes much of the behavior observed for Fe/Cr multilayers. However, in this case, the antiferromagnetism in Cr leads to results not explained by the conventional model. For nearly ideal interfaces, the Fe–Cr coupling can induce order in Cr, modifying the temperature dependence of the interlayer coupling. In addition, interfacial disorder can frustrate the antiferromagnetic order in the Cr, leading to a variety of ordered states which have been observed by neutron scattering. Each of these ordered states, in turn modifies the interlayer coupling in unexpected ways. The different ways in which the systems minimize the frustration can explain the experimental results.
Use of an ecological treatment system (ETS) for removal of nutrients from dairy wastewater

Abstract Ecological Treatment Systems (ETS) are composed of a series of anaerobic and aerobic reactors, clarifiers, and wetlands, and have been used for the removal of nutrients from municipal and industrial wastewaters. The design of ETS enhances nutrient removal by providing both aerobic and anaerobic environments and steep gradients between the two environments. The ability of an ETS to treat wastewater from a dairy farm was investigated with a 20-week study in Columbus, OH, USA. The Waterman Ecological Treatment System (WETS) had four replicate treatment lines. Together, the four lines treated 1310 L/day of diluted wastewater from a dairy facility with over 99% removal of ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4 -N) and carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD), and 79% removal of orthophosphate (PO 4 -P). The average influent/effluent concentrations of NH 4 -N, CBOD, and PO 4 -P were 52.1/0.07 mg/L, 517/5.2 mg O 2 /L, and 21.0/4.4 mg/L, respectively. Nitrate + nitrite (NO x -N) was produced and removed within the system, and had an average effluent concentration of 0.53 mg/L. The multiple anaerobic–aerobic interfaces in the WETS design enhanced biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. NH 4 -N, CBOD, and NO x -N were consistently removed throughout the 20-week study, but PO 4 -P removal efficiency decreased over time in one of the four treatment lines.
Reducing the Risk of Harm From Medication Errors in Children

Medication errors affect the pediatric age group in all settings: outpatient, inpatient, emergency department, and at home. Children may be at special risk due to size and physiologic variability, limited communication ability, and treatment by nonpediatric health care providers. Those with chronic illnesses and on multiple medications may be at higher risk of experiencing adverse drug events. Some strategies that have been employed to reduce harm from pediatric medication errors include e-prescribing and computerized provider order entry with decision support, medication reconciliation, barcode systems, clinical pharmacists in medical settings, medical staff training, package changes to reduce look-alike/sound-alike confusion, standardization of labeling and measurement devices for home administration, and quality improvement interventions to promote nonpunitive reporting of medication errors coupled with changes in systems and cultures. Future research is needed to measure the effectiveness of these preventive strategies.
Battlespace situation awareness for Force XXI

Timely battlefield digitization and battlespace visualization is a requirement to keep pace with ever-diminishing military decision cycle times driven by evolving weapons systems and pacing military doctrine for Force XXI. One ingredient to battlefield situation awareness is imagery intelligence. This paper proposes a novel architecture for an imagery analysis environment to seamlessly provide imagery intelligence. A critical component of this proposed architecture is emerging intelligent software agent technology levering human-computer interface (HCI) technology. This combination enables a modular, scaleable, and reconfigurable battlefield situation awareness and exploitation environment. The consequent impact of this paper is the definition of an entirely new method to support military intelligence, planning and execution processes. The proposed architecture effectively provides real-time/near real-time sensor fusion, sensor management, and battle management in a single collaborative environment. This paper provides the design and describes the technologies necessary to make this system a reality. The proposed design employs the following emerging technologies: . open agent architecture --information gathering/data mining, processing, and dynamic aggregation of agents; S multimodal data entry with command and query interfaces -- interact/communicatethrough voice, writing or gestures; . speechrecognition and natural language understanding --speech recognition and speech-to-text translation; . proceduraland evidential reasoning --dynamic process control, planning, spatial reasoning, and correlation and behavior; and . collaboration — shared work space and applications, wireless and hardwired networks, multiple and distributed participants In the image analyst-centric environment, this state-of-the-art system will manage automatic and assisted target recognition, and imagery exploitation components, while providing a system capable of ingesting and fusing available tactical, national, and commercial imagery sources. It will also enable fusing multi-intelligence source data. With the addition of collaboration and shared multimedia display the system is capable of redefining the interactive imagery exploitation paradigm. Further, in a military doctrinal sense, our proposed concept provides the potential to blur the dividing line between operational command and control (C2) and its supporting intelligence activities. Keywords: intelligent software agents, human-computer interface, situation awareness, imagery exploitation, collaboration
An analytical method for reinforcement load of wrapped-face MSE walls before full mobilization of soil strength

An analytical method is proposed to estimate the reinforcement loads of vertical wrapped-face reinforced soil walls before the strength of backfill soil is fully mobilized. The method assumes compatibility of soil and reinforcement deformations and is based on the hyperbolic stress-strain relationship of soil and Rowe's stress-dilatancy equation. It has the advantage of taking into account the plastic soil deformation before failure and can properly estimate reinforcement load with small or large soil deformation. The method was firstly validated by the results of calibrated numerical analysis. It was then used to predict the reinforcement loads of a full-scale reinforced soil wall.
Inhibition of suppressor cell function by cimetidine in a murine model

Immunomodulatory effects of cimetidine, an H2 histamine receptor antagonist, have been reported in humans and animals. To define these effects more clearly, the action of cimetidine on suppressor cell function was studied utilizing a murine model of contact hypersensitivity. Intravenous inoculation of BALB/c mice with DNP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells induced the production of DNP-specific suppressor cells which could easily be demonstrated by a reduction in ear swelling after contact sensitization with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB) following transfer of spleen and lymph node cells to naive syngeneic recipients. Cimetidine treatment of animals in which suppressor cells were induced resulted in an inability of these mice to transfer cellular suppression as measured by development of a normal immunologic response in the recipient mice. The effect of cimetidine was both dose and time related. While all groups receiving cimetidine showed some loss of suppressor cell function, the maximum effect (up to 100% inhibition) was seen when 50 mg/kg of cimetidine was administered intraperitoneally 2 days before or on the day of suppressor cell induction. Some restoration also occurred when cimetidine was given after the day of induction. It has been shown that suppressor cells possess histamine receptors which may be involved in suppressor cell activation. The results indicate that cimetidine may inhibit the functioning of these receptors.
Pharmacodynamic Effects of a New Antihypertensive Drug, Catapres (ST-155)

Catapres is a new imidazoline compound with potent antihypertensive properties. Significant reduction in blood pressure occurs between 1 and 4 hours after oral administration, with the peak effect occurring at 2 to 4 hours and the antihypertensive effect extending for 6 to 10 hours. Blood pressure is reduced in both the supine and erect positions, although the orthostatic response is the more prominent. Cardiac output is reduced moderately in both the supine and erect positions. Peripheral vascular resistance is also reduced, particularly in the erect posture. Accordingly, the cardiac hemodynamic findings suggest that the antihypertensive effect of Catapres is related to the combination of reduction in cardiac output plus decrease in peripheral resistance. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate are preserved in both the supine and erect positions following Catapres administration. Contrasting with the preservation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, however, is the marked reductio...
On the intersection of a set of direction cones

The problem of passing a convex polyhedron through a window is described as: Given a convex polyhedron P = (pr, p2,. . . , p,) and a convex polygon W = (WI, w,, *. ., w,) on a plane h not intersecting P, find all the directions for translating (single translation) P through W. Toussaint [l] proposed an O(nm log nm) algorithm to solve this problem. He first showed that P can pass W with a single translation in direction 8 if, and only if, each vertex of P can be passed through W with a single translation in direction 8. Based on this observation, he posed the algorithm as follows: Consider vertex pi of P. All directions for translating pi from its initial position through window W are defined by all the vectors emanating at pi and intersecting H in W. Therefore the cone determined by the half-lines from pi through wj, j = 1,2,. . . , m specifies all such directions for pi. This cone is named as direction cone of pi and is denoted as CONE(pi, W). Construct a 3D euclidean direction space D and translate all the cones CONE(pi, W), i = 1,2,. . . , n in D such that the pi all overlap with the origin of D. Then the intersection of all the cones in D gives another cone which is the set of directions for simultaneous translation of all the pi, and hence of P. Each cone can be computed in O(m) time and thus all the cones can be found in 0( nm) time. All the cones can be translated to D in O(nm) time. To compute the intersection of the cones, Toussaint views each cone as the intersection of M half spaces determined by the planes coplanar with the M faces of each cone. The interior half space contains the cone. Therefore the solution cone is the intersection of all the interior half spaces determined by all the cones in D. Since the
The impact of sleep on neuropsychological performance in cognitively intact older adults using a novel in-home sensor-based sleep assessment approach.

The relationship between recent episodes of poor sleep and cognitive testing performance in healthy cognitively intact older adults is not well understood. In this exploratory study we examined the impact of recent sleep disturbance, sleep duration, and sleep variability on cognitive performance in 63 cognitively intact older adults using a novel unobtrusive in-home sensor-based sleep assessment methodology. Specifically, we examined the impact of sleep the night prior, the week prior, and the month prior to a neuropsychological evaluation on cognitive performance. Results showed that mildly disturbed sleep the week prior and month prior to cognitive testing was associated with reduced working memory on cognitive evaluation. One night of mild sleep disturbance was not associated with decreased cognitive performance the next day. Sleep duration was unrelated to cognition. In-home, unobtrusive, sensor monitoring technologies provide a novel method for objective, long-term, and continuous assessment of sleep...
Evisceration techniques and implant extrusion rates: A retrospective review of two series and a survey of ASOPRS surgeons.

Purpose To compare implant extrusion rates in two retrospective series of patients, treated by different surgeons, and to determine if there are preferred evisceration and implant insertion techniques among oculoplastic surgeons. Methods A retrospective review of cases of evisceration and implant insertion and a survey of oculoplastic surgeons. Results The implant extrusion rate was zero in the author's series of 53 patients, compared with 27.1% (54 of 192 implants) in series treated by other surgeons. Statistically significant differences were found between the two series in surgical technique, wound care, and duration of antibiotic administration. The author routinely performed posterior sclerotomy, whereas the other surgeons did not. Average implant size was 18.8 mm in the author's series, compared with 13.7 mm in the other series. Antibiotic therapy was administered for 10 to 18 days in the author's series, compared with 28 to 46 days in patients treated by other surgeons. The response rate to the survey was 65% (223 of 343 surveys). Among the surgeons surveyed, immediate and secondary implant techniques were used in nearly equal frequency. Delayed implant technique is used least frequently. Reported implant extrusion rates varied greatly among surgeons, ranging from 0% to 20%. Only 3.9% of surgeons expressed a concern over sympathetic ophthalmia. Conclusions Injudicious antibiotic use and smaller implants do not decrease the risk of implant extrusion. The survey revealed that immediate and secondary implant techniques are used with equal frequency. The theoretical risk of sympathetic ophthalmia does not appear to be a concern to most surgeons.
Isoflavonoid Compounds Extracted from Pueraria lobata Suppress Alcohol Preference in a Pharmacogenetic Rat Model of Alcoholism

The extract from an edible vine, Pueraria lobata, has long been used in China to lessen alcohol intoxication. We have previously shown that daidzin, one of the major components from this plant extract, is efficacious in lowering blood alcohol levels and shortens sleep time induced by alcohol ingestion. This study was conducted to test the antidipsotropic effect of daidzin and two other major isoflavonoids, daidzein and puerarin, from Pueraria lobata administered by the oral route. An alcohol-preferring rat model, the selectively-bred P line of rats, was used for the study. All three isoflavonoid compounds were effective in suppressing voluntary alcohol consumption by the P rats. When given orally to P rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, daidzein, daidzin, and puerarin decreased ethanol intake by 75%, 50%, and 40%, respectively. The decrease in alcohol consumption was accompanied by an increase in water intake, so that the total fluid volume consumed daily remained unchanged. The effects of these isoflavonoid compounds on alcohol and water intake were reversible. Suppression of alcohol consumption was evident after 1 day of administration and became maximal after 2 days. Similarly, alcohol preference returned to baseline levels 2 days after discontinuation of the isoflavonoids. Rats receiving the herbal extracts ate the same amounts of food as control animals, and they gained weight normally during the experiments. When administered orally, none of these compounds affected the activities of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Therefore, the reversal of alcohol preference produced by these compounds may be mediated via the CNS. Data demonstrate that isoflavonoid compounds extracted from Pueraria lobata is effective in suppressing the appetite for alcohol when taken orally, raising the possibility that other constituents of edible plants may exert similar and more potent actions.
Cassette mutagenesis shows its strength

The hybrid mutants and mutant families created by cassette mutagenesis may advance our understanding of the relationship between function and structure.
Classification using set-valued Kalman filtering and Levi's decision theory

We consider the problem of using Levi's expected epistemic decision theory for classification when the hypotheses are of different informational values, conditioned on convex sets obtained from a set-valued Kalman filter. The background of epistemic utility decision theory with convex probabilities is outlined and a brief introduction to set-valued estimation is given. The decision theory is applied to a classifier in a multiple-target tracking scenario. A new probability density, appropriate for classification using the ratio of intensities, is introduced. >