cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural reward responsiveness in children who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury: an ERP study.

Background A better understanding of the correlates of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in children is important for the identification and prevention of future suicide risk. However, although abnormalities in reward responsiveness might constitute one potential transdiagnostic mechanism of risk for NSSI, no studies have examined initial response to reward in children with a history of NSSI. The goal of the present study was to address this important gap in the literature. To objectively assess initial response to reward, we utilized the feedback negativity (FN) event-related potential, a well-established psychophysiological marker of reward responsiveness. Methods Participants were 57 children (19 with a history of NSSI and 38 demographically matched controls) between the ages of 7 and 11. Diagnostic interviews were used to assess for current and past DSM-IV mood and anxiety diagnoses and NSSI history. Children also completed a guessing task, during which continuous electroencephalography was recorded. Results Children with a history of NSSI exhibited significantly more negative ΔFN (i.e., FN to losses minus FN to gains) than children without NSSI. These findings appeared to be at least partially independent of children's history of psychopathology and current symptoms, suggesting their specificity to NSSI. Conclusions These results provide initial evidence for heightened neural initial reward responsiveness to losses versus rewards in children with a history of NSSI. Pending replications and longitudinal studies, the ΔFN might represent a psychophysiological marker of risk for self-harm.
Qualitative X-ray Analysis

It is a waste of time to proceed with quantitative microanalysis from your XEDS spectrum without first carrying out qualitative analysis. First we will show you how to choose the best operating conditions, for both the microscope and the XEDS system. Then we will explain the best way to obtain a spectrum for qualitative analysis. Qualitative analysis requires that every peak in your spectrum be identified unambiguously, and with statistical certainty, otherwise it should be ignored. So you have to acquire a spectrum with sufficient X-ray counts to allow you to draw the right conclusions with confidence. There are a couple of simple rules to follow which allow you to do this.
The Hand. Vols. IV and V. Edited by Raoul Tubiana. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1993 and 1999. $350.00 each; 921 and 1037 pp., respectively.

Dr. Tubiana originally intended to deliver his classic series of textbooks entitled The Hand in four volumes, with the fourth volume dedicated to nontraumatic problems. However, because of rapid growth in the field of hand surgery in recent years, the coverage of nontraumatic conditions has been expanded to two volumes. The fourth volume is dedicated entirely to neurological disorders, and the fifth addresses rheumatoid disease, Dupuytren contracture, congenital malformations, tumors, and infections. The fourth volume was published in French in 1991 and was translated into English in 1993, and the fifth was completed in …
Exact Controllability of the Generalized Boussinesq Equation

In this paper we consider distributed control of the system described by the generalized Boussinesq equation on the periodic domain S, the unit circle in the plane $$ {u_{tt}} = {u_{xx}} - {(a(u) + {u_{xx}})_{xx}} = f $$ .
Developing and Evaluating an Experimental Learning Environment for Cyber Security Education

This paper discussed a virtual network implemented in an intrusion detection and incidence response graduate course at East Carolina University. By using virtualization technology, the virtual network provided students with an experimental learning environment that simulates real world cybersecurity activities. The network included multiple virtual machines (VMs) and they were built inside of Graphical Network Simulator (GNS3) located in a Windows 10 Operating System (OS). Multiple OSs were configured on VMware's vCloud Director (VCD) and each student had his/her own OS after logging in to VCD. Since VCD is accessible via the Internet, students were able to access their learning environments anytime and anywhere in the world. In addition, a survey regarding the learning environment was conducted at the end of the Fall semester in 2017.
On the Lengths of Level Curves

This article establishes several remarkably simple identities concerning the lengths of level curves of a two-variable function, with the most notable one relating length to curvature. Some geometr...
Sleep and adjustment in adolescence: physical activity as a moderator of risk

Abstract Objectives We investigated physical activity as a moderator of relations between sleep duration and quality and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Design The study used a cross-sectional design. Setting Participants were recruited from small towns and semi-urban communities in Alabama. Participants The sample was comprised of 235 adolescents (Mage = 15.78 years, SD = 9.60 months) who were diverse in sex (53% female), race/ethnicity (34% Black/African American, 66% White), and socioeconomic status. Measurements Sleep duration (actual sleep minutes), efficiency (minutes/total sleep period), and latency (minutes from sleep attempt to onset) were examined with actigraphs for 1 week. Youth reported on their physical activity levels and internalizing and externalizing problems. Results Interactions between sleep and physical activity emerged in the prediction of adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Supportive of moderation effects, adolescents with shorter or poorer-quality sleep in conjunction with less physical activity showed the highest levels of internalizing and externalizing problems. Demonstrative of protective effects, adolescents with more physical activity had lower levels of internalizing and externalizing problems regardless of their sleep duration or quality. Conclusions Findings illustrate that not all youth are at equal risk for adjustment problems when they experience short or poor-quality sleep, suggesting the importance of examining both bioregulatory and environmental factors in understanding adolescent adjustment.
Incidence of Malignancies in Patients Treated With Sirolimus Following Heart Transplantation

Abstract Background Malignancy is a major cause of late post-heart transplantation (HT) mortality. Sirolimus (SRL) exerts antiproliferative properties and its long-term use in HT as primary immunosuppression (IS) is associated with decreased mortality risk that is not fully explained by attenuation of cardiac allograft vasculopathy progression. Objectives This study sought to examine whether conversion from calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based to SRL-based IS was associated with decreased risk of malignancy post-HT. Methods Overall, 523 patients underwent HT between 1994 and 2016 at a single institution. The main outcomes included incidence of overall de novo malignancies (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers [NMSCs]), post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), and first and subsequent primary occurrences of NMSC post-HT. Results The study identified 307 patients on SRL-based and 216 on CNI-based maintenance IS. Over a median follow-up of 10 years after HT, overall de novo malignancies (non-NMSC) occurred in 31% of CNI patients and in 13% of SRL patients (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18 to 0.62; p Conclusions Conversion to SRL was associated with a decreased risk of all de novo malignancies, PTLD, and subsequent primary occurrences of NMSC after HT. These findings provided further explanation of the late survival benefit with long-term SRL use.
Cold Storage Increases Albumin and Advanced Glycation-End Product-Albumin Levels in Kidney Transplants: A Possible Cause for Exacerbated Renal Damage

Prolonged cold storage (CS) of kidneys is associated with poor renal outcome after transplantation (Tx). We recently showed that in rats (Lewis), proteasome and renal function were severely compromised in kidney transplants subjected to CS (CS/Tx) as compared with those without CS exposure (autotransplanted [ATx]). Methods Evaluation of whole-kidney extracts from our rat kidney transplant model showed a subset of proteins induced after CS/Tx when compared with ATx or sham groups; this study examined those proteins using mass spectrometry, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry. Results Mass spectrometry identified basal albumin levels in sham kidney extracts; western blots and immunohistochemistry confirmed this. Western blotting showed exceptionally higher albumin levels in both soluble and insoluble fractions of CS/Tx renal extracts when compared with ATx and sham groups. Surprisingly, levels of advanced glycation-end products (AGE) were higher in CS/Tx renal extracts. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation of albumin followed by western blotting for AGE revealed AGE-albumin in all 3 extracts; its levels were highest in CS/Tx extracts. Immunohistochemistry analysis of kidney sections revealed higher albumin or AGE levels in the CS/Tx group, and the protein was detected all over (within glomeruli, and intratubular and extratubular compartments) when compared with ATx and sham groups, which show confinement of these proteins to the extratubular compartment and within glomeruli. As expected, kidneys of the ATx group showed evidence of more macrophages, which was exacerbated in the CS/Tx group. Conclusions These results suggested that CS/Tx increased AGE-albumin, which was correlated with increased inflammation and renal damage.
Beyond mobility: Planning cities for people and places, edited by Robert Cervero, Erick Guerra and Stefan Al

Sustainable transportation has been widely recognized as a key driver of sustainable urban development. It is reflected in the interrelationships among transport infrastructure, travel behavior, an...
Experiences of Multidisciplinary Health Professionals From a Culinary Medicine Cultural Immersion: Qualitative Analysis

Abstract Purpose Increasing Culinary Health Opportunities for Professionals (iCHOP) aimed to educate future and current health professionals on nutrition as medicine. Methods Two cohorts each participated in a 16-week course followed by a cultural immersion in Tuscany, Italy. The course took place online through West Virginia University. After the course, participants traveled to Tuscany, Italy for a 2-week cultural immersion. The online course covered culinary medicine, the Mediterranean Diet, and cultural comparisons. The cultural immersion consisted of hands-on activities including culinary lessons, food production and organic farm tours, and tastings of Mediterranean foods. Data was collected through personal journaling in order to capture participants’ thoughts and experiences during the immersion. Journal entries were analyzed using NVIVO Software Version 12 in order to generate themes. Results Cohort 1 (n = 15) consisted of currently practicing health professionals and Cohort 2 (n = 14) consisted of aspiring health professionals. 20 themes and 5 subthemes were generated from 9 journal topics. Themes showed that participants had an increase and knowledge and self-efficacy and applied new information to personal and professional settings. Conclusions Cultural immersions can be an effective way to educate health professionals on nutrition as medicine and using journaling as a data collection method can effectively capture participants’ experiences.
Beyond Inventories: Emergence of a New Era in Rangeland Monitoring☆

Abstract In the absence of technology-driven monitoring platforms, US rangeland policies, management practices, and outcome assessments have been primarily informed by the extrapolation of local information from national-scale rangeland inventories. A persistent monitoring gap between plot-level inventories and the scale at which rangeland assessments are conducted has required decision makers to fill data gaps with statistical extrapolations or assumptions of homogeneity and equilibrium. This gap is now being bridged with spatially comprehensive, annual, rangeland monitoring data across all western US rangelands to assess vegetation conditions at a resolution appropriate to inform cross-scale assessments and decisions. In this paper, 20-yr trends in plant functional type cover are presented, confirming two widespread national rangeland resource concerns: widespread increases in annual grass cover and tree cover. Rangeland vegetation monitoring is now available to inform national to regional policies and provide essential data at the scales at which decisions are made and implemented.
The Women of Casa Emma: Social Subversion and the Lives of Armed Anarchist Militants in Uruguay, 1967–1974

Based on over 20 hours of recorded oral testimonies, this article provides a glimpse of everyday semiclandestine life in Casa Emma, a safe house of the Federacion Anarquista Uruguaya (Uruguayan Anarchist Federation, FAU). A microhistory set during a historical moment in which the Uruguayan Left was making a strong bid for popular and state power, it centres on the two women who maintained Casa Emma—Juliana Martinez and Ana Rosa Amoros—and ends with their arrest in March 1973. As caretakers of the home, Martinez and Amoros provided indispensable reproductive labour for anti-capitalist, anti-statist armed operations. By participating in economic production outside of the home as well as political militancy, they subverted hegemonic gender roles and took on a unique counter-subjectivity. Instead of providing household labour to reproduce a value-producing wage-earning male, they reproduced an armed apparatus that expropriated value via bank robberies and kidnappings.
Political Polarization in Financial News

Standard explanations for political polarization of news don’t apply to financial news. Nevertheless, we find strong evidence of political polarization in corporate financial news on both intensive and extensive margins of coverage. To control for firm and newspaper heterogeneity, we compare coverage of the same firm-level events by news-papers with opposing ideologies. We find that politics-driven disagreement in news increases trading, and investors respond to news about a stock in the newspaper they read by trading more and in the same direction as other investors who read the same news. The results are consistent with polarization leading to information segregation
Rapid Scan EPR imaging as a Tool for Magnetic Field Mapping.

Functional four-dimensional spectral–spatial electron paramagnetic imaging (EPRI) is routinely used in biomedical research. Positions and widths of EPR lines in the spectral dimension report oxygen partial pressure, pH, and other important parameters of the tissue microenvironment. Images are measured in the homogeneous external magnetic field. An application of EPRI is proposed in which the field is perturbed by a magnetized object. A proof-of-concept imaging experiment was conducted, which permitted visualization of the magnetic field created by this object. A single-line lithium octa-n-butoxynaphthalocyanine spin probe was used in the experiment. The spectral position of the EPR line directly measured the strength of the perturbation field with spatial resolution. A three-dimensional magnetic field map was reconstructed as a result. Several applications of this technology can be anticipated. First is EPRI/MPI co-registration, where MPI is an emerging magnetic particle imaging technique. Second, EPRI can be an alternative to magnetic field cameras that are used for the development of high-end permanent magnets and their assemblies, consumer electronics, and industrial sensors. Besides the high resolution of magnetic field readings, EPR probes can be placed in the internal areas of various assemblies that are not accessible by the standard sensors. Third, EPRI can be used to develop systems for magnetic manipulation of cell cultures.
Evaluating a novel MR-compatible foot pedal device for unipedal and bipedal motion: Test-retest reliability of evoked brain activity.

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a new, open-source MR-compatible device capable of assessing unipedal and bipedal lower extremity movement with minimal head motion and high test-retest reliability. To evaluate the prototype, 20 healthy adults participated in two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visits, separated by 2-6 months, in which they performed a visually guided dorsiflexion/plantar flexion task with their left foot, right foot, and alternating feet. Dependent measures included: evoked blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the motor network, head movement associated with dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, the test-retest reliability of these measurements. Left and right unipedal movement led to a significant increase in BOLD signal compared to rest in the medial portion of the right and left primary motor cortex (respectively), and the ipsilateral cerebellum (FWE corrected, p 0.75) and the angular displacement of the ankle joint (ICC: 0.842). This bipedal device can robustly isolate activity in the motor network during alternating plantarflexion and dorsiflexion with minimal head movement, while providing high test-retest reliability. Ultimately, these data and open-source building instructions will provide a new, economical tool for investigators interested in evaluating brain function resulting from lower extremity movement.
What do adults think of music across the lifespan

Using the Theory of Social Representations as theoretical and methodological framework, the purpose of this study was to analyze adults’ mental images (social representations) of music and musical ...
Learning by Design: Rethinking Curriculum Alignment through Collaborative Inquiry.

This article reports on an application of a SoTL research process for two teacher education instructors in an undergraduate teacher education course, Teaching and Learning in the Digital Age. After engaging in content analysis of student work samples derived from a Digital Sabbath assignment, the instructors asked more questions about how well the assignment aligned to course objectives and intended learning outcomes. Collaboratively, they determined how the Digital Sabbath assignment could be revised to better meet the stated course objective. The authors anticipate that assignment revisions could result in improved student learning outcomes for the teacher education students. Insights from the student responses and course materials are discussed as well as implications for teaching and learning in a teacher education program.
Breakthroughs in Microwaves: Increasing Signal Strength in Swarms of Wireless Sensors—An Interview With Dr. Aydin Babakhani

This article is the first in the periodic Breakthroughs in Microwaves series. This series is intended to highlight recent accomplishments, especially to those new to the field, by researchers in microwave engineering that hold promise for long-term impact in the field. The articles are written after a conversation with the author so that background information can be provided to understand the breakthrough more fully. This first article looks at the pioneering work of Dr. Aydin Babakhani from UCLA in the USA. Dr. Babakhani's work is a novel application based on oscillator injection locking to synchronize, in the RF domain, the transmit frequency from individual sensors in a sensor swarm so that the individual sensors’ signals constructively add at the receiver to increase the overall swarm signal level. The article reviews the loss issues in the system, both path loss for the transmit-receive path as well as for wireless power transfer. The article also provides background on RF integrated circuit transceiver circuits so that the reader can more fully understand the novelty of the RF phase synchronization technique. Finally, the article concludes with a short conversation with Dr. Babakhani that provides further insight into this pioneering technique.
Rotordynamic Analysis of 500 000 r/min 2 kW Ultra-High-Speed Machine for Portable Mechanical Antenna

Bi-directional wireless communication between the earth's surface and underground or undersea facilities is infeasible because of the conventional electrical antenna's (CEA) excessive power requirement and enormous size. The most promising and power-efficient solution to this problem is using a mechanical-based antenna (AMEBA) that enables the ULF-VLF (0.03-10 kHz) communication in these conductive media. However, one of the main challenges in developing the AMEBA is designing its transmitter, i.e., the ultra-high-speed (UHS) rotor, which rotates the polarized permanent magnet (PPM) in a wide range of frequency. Because of the high rotating frequency and high load inertia of PPM, the UHS rotor's design becomes more critical in terms of Rotordynamic and vibration issues. This paper presents a detailed Rotordynamic analysis of a 2 kW, 500000 r/min UHS AMEBA rotor, which can generate transmitting frequency up to 8333 Hz. First, the UHS rotor's design is presented, which meets the torque and speed requirement of the AMEBA system. The impact of the different rotor materials on the rotor's undamped natural frequency is studied. Then, considering the AMEBA application, other rotor dynamic characteristics such as critical speed, bearing selection, Campbell diagram, and unbalance harmonic responses are investigated using 3-D finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, the UHS AMEBA rotor prototype is built, and an experiment of impulse hammer testing is performed to validate the rotor's undamped natural frequencies.
Tool-Aided Loop Invariant Development: Insights into Student Conceptions and Difficulties

To develop code that meets its specification and is verifiably correct, such as in a software engineering course, students must be able to understand formal contracts and annotate their code with assertions such as loop invariants. To assist in developing suitable instructor and automated tool interventions, this research aims to go beyond simple pre- and post-conditions and gain insight into student learning of loop invariants involving objects. As students develop suitable loop invariants for given code with the aid of an online system backed by a verification engine, each student attempt, either correct or incorrect, was collected and analyzed automatically, and catalogued using an iterative process to capture common difficulties. Students were also asked to explain their thought process in arriving at their answer for each submission. The collected explanations were analyzed manually and found to be useful to assess their level of understanding as well as to extract actionable information for instructors and automated tutoring systems. Qualitative conclusions include the impact of the medium.
Theory of Generalized Cell Mapping

The theory of simple cell mapping discussed in the last few chapters is a simple one. Nevertheless, when it is used as an approximate method to study a nonlinear system governed by a differential equation or a point mapping, it is quite effective in delineating the broad pattern of the global behavior of the system. Since in creating the simple cell mapping only one point within the cell, usually the center point, is used, one cannot expect the method to disclose any structural detail of the system behavior at a scale which is comparable to the cell size. One way to improve the power of the cell mapping method is to incorporate more system dynamics into the mapping. This leads to the generalized cell mapping introduced in Hsu [1981a].
Plan folding motion for rigid self-folding machine via discrete domain sampling

Self-folding robot is usually modeled as rigid origami, a class of origami whose entire surface remains rigid during folding except at crease lines. In this work, we focus on finding valid folding motion that brings the origami from the unfolded state continuously to the folded state. Although recent computational methods allow rapid simulation of folding process of certain rigid origami, these methods can fail even when the input crease pattern is extremely simple but requires implicit folding orders. Moreover, due to the rigidity requirement, the probability of generating a valid configuration via uniform sampling is zero, which greatly hinders the applicability of traditional sampling-based motion planners. We propose a novel sampling strategy that samples in the discrete domain. Our experimental results show that the proposed method could efficiently generate valid configurations. Using those configurations, the planner successfully folds several types of rigid origami that the existing methods fail to fold and could discover multiple folding paths in different homotopies.
Development of a multi-media crew-training program for the Terminal Configured Vehicle Mission Simulator

This paper describes the work being done at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Research Center on the development of a multi-media crew-training program for the Terminal Configured Vehicle (TCV) Mission Simulator. Brief descriptions of the goals and objectives of the TCV Program and of the TCV Mission Simulator are presented. A detailed description of the training program is provided along with a description of the performance of the first group of four commercial pilots to be qualified in the TCV Mission Simulator.
Obstructions to classically simulating the quantum adiabatic algorithm

We consider the adiabatic quantum algorithm for systems with "no sign problem", such as the transverse field Ising model, and analyze the equilibration time for quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) on these systems. We ask: if the spectral gap is only inverse polynomially small, will equilibration methods based on slowly changing the Hamiltonian parameters in the QMC simulation succeed in a polynomial time? We show that this is not true, by constructing counter-examples. In some examples, the space of configurations where the wavefunction has non-negligible amplitude has a nontrivial fundamental group, causing the space of trajectories in imaginary time to break into disconnected components with only negligible probability outside these components. For the simplest example we give with an abelian fundamental group, QMC does not equilibrate but still solves the optimization problem. More severe effects leading to failure to solve the optimization can occur when the fundamental group is a free group on two generators. Other examples where QMC fails have a trivial fundamental group, but still use ideas from topology relating group presentations to simplicial complexes. We define gadgets to realize these Hamiltonians as the effective low-energy dynamics of a transverse field Ising model. We present some analytic results on equilibration times which may be of some independent interest in the theory of equilibration of Markov chains. Conversely, we show that a small spectral gap implies slow equilibration at low temperature for some initial conditions and for a natural choice of local QMC updates.
Resource allocation for handoffs in integrated wireless cellular networks

In this paper, we propose and analyze a handoff scheme with channel borrowing in integrated wireless mobile networks. The channels in each cell are divided into two parts and pre-allocated for real-time and non-real-time services. In order to increase the channel utilization, one type of service is allowed to borrow channels from the other under certain conditions. We take advantage of the delay insensitivity of non-real-time service calls by allowing real-time service calls to preempt non-real-time service calls. The proposed scheme maximizes the resource utilization while keeping certain quality of service (QoS) level for one type of service regardless of the traffic load of the other.
Chapter 15 Acquired retinopathies

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the electrophysiologic findings in a broad group of retinopathies that are labeled as acquired rather than inherited. Labeling a disease acquired may be artificial and reflects our current knowledge about the disease. For the diseases discussed in this chapter, a brief description of the clinical findings is given and then the value of the electrophysiologic findings for diagnosis, prognosis, and understanding of the underlying sites and mechanisms are pointed out. This chapter presents a brief overview of the current knowledge about the cellular origins of the clinical electrophysiologic measures commonly used to assess retinal function in patients. The role of electrophysiologic testing has at least five functions, outlined below: (1) it objectively confirms clinical findings. (2) In cases where the clinical findings are ambiguous, or where subjective complaints are not verifiable, electrophysiologic testing provides valuable information concerning the status of the retina. (3) It elucidates the sites and mechanism of disease. (4) It identifies, with the use of local ERG techniques, areas of dysfunction that might be missed by fullfield measures (either visual fields or full-field ERGs) or by measuring only central visual functions (such as letter acuity). (5) It offers predictive values in several potentially progressive retinal diseases.
Beyond Zero Population: Climate Change & the Resilience of Civilizations

A number of publications, both books and articles, have appeared in recent years attempting to prove that there is a correlation between global climate change and the collapse of complex human societies. This paper addresses a possible exception the the idea of global effects. While societies under stress from weather changes may undergo significant economic and political change in response, Joseph Tainter has shown that a local systems analysis is best applied to determine the contribution of the internal dynamics of a society, rather than assign climate the ultimate effect. In this paper I suggest that Khmer society was a sustainable response to local conditions and an exception to the proposed global collapse theory. However, continued population growth worldwide and rising consumption are continued stresses that must be considered in the context of climate change. Pre-Neolithic population densities and modern technology could be a means of adapting human society to the constraints of quality of life and diminishing returns of technology.
Institutional Investors and Stock Market Liquidity: Trends and Relationships

In this paper we show that institutional participation in the U.S. stock market in recent decades has played an ever increasing role in explaining cross-sectional variation in stock market illiquidity. We first document trends in the growth of institutional stock ownership using the 13F holdings, extending the evidence by thirteen years to the end of 2010. In contrast to previous research, we find that institutions, and particularly hedge funds, have increased their holdings of smaller stocks and decreased their holdings of larger stocks over this period. Institutions currently underweight the largest stocks and overweight the smallest stocks relative to market weights. We then examine the relation between illiquidity and two measures of institutional stock ownership – the percentage of a stock owned by institutions and the number of institutions that own the stock – both in the cross section and through time. We find that: (1) the number of institutions that own and trade a stock is more important than the percentage of institutional ownership in explaining the cross-sectional variability of illiquidity; and (2) the power of the number of institutional owners in explaining illiquidity is significantly stronger in the second half of our sample period.
Comparing Methods for Measuring Excess Commuting and Jobs–Housing Balance: Empirical Analysis of Land Use Changes

Recently, several interrelated methodologies have emerged as part of research aimed at quantifying concepts of excess commuting and jobs-housing balance. These efforts are motivated by the search for connections between land use and transportation, including understanding the role of urban form in shaping commuting patterns as well as modeling the jobs-housing balance of a region. The validity of these approaches has been debated in the literature, particularly with respect to their appropriateness for addressing various substantive questions regarding land use and transport issues. This paper examines some of the debate surrounding these jobs-housing metrics, particularly in the context of how they are used in comparative urban analyses that seek to explore urban structural changes over time or space. To explore this issue, a series of hypothetical urban growth scenarios was designed; the scenarios are used to compare the metrics' performance in a single city over a hypothetical time horizon. Results sug...
INDIVIDUAL VALUE PRIORITIES, EDUCATION, AND POLITICAL TOLERANCE

Extensive research on political tolerance identifies numerous social, psychological, and political sources of attitudes toward political dissenters. Much of this research underscores the salutary influence of education on greater acceptance of diversity, although some sophisticated work questions the strength of the linkage between education and tolerance. This study has two principal goals. First, it attempts to point to an alternative source of tolerance that has been given very little attention in the extant literature. Specifically, it argues that increases in political tolerance may be tied to the broad-based value shift allegedly sweeping through advanced industrial society. Second, research reported in this paper provides more evidence for the robustness of the education-tolerance relationship and offers one possible explanation for why this relationship exists. It suggests that one of the reasons higher education tends to be linked with greater tolerance is because it leads to individual value priorities that are conducive to greater openness to political diversity. A multivariate model of political tolerance is estimated that demonstrates modern versus traditional values contribute most to variation in tolerant attitudes, followed by education. The explanation of indirect effects of education on tolerance through its direct impact on values receives empirical support as well. The endeavor concludes by outlining some tentative predictions concerning the attainment of a more tolerant polity that would fare well when evaluated by the liberal democratic theory yardstick.
1.5. Rational approaches to identifying policy objectives

Abstract This paper focuses on the broad problem of specifying objectives or utility functions when making decisions about energy or related fields. Decisions of all sorts from the design of analysis through to global policymaking all depend on objectives, implicitly or explicitly. This paper begins by describing how objectives are commonly specified in bureaucracies, and how this affects decisions in practice. It evaluates these conflicting approaches, and suggests a way of trying to bring them more into harmony. It then applies this approach by developing substantive priorities which I would propose as a first cut for rational decision-making related to energy. The substantive analysis begins by revisiting the issue of discount rates, and suggesting that lower rates should be used than are commonly used today. It then discusses what we can learn from global energy models regarding the possibility of (and prerequisites to) long-term economic growth; it begins with a brief summary of the substantive lessons to be learned, and procedes to a discussion of how these models could be used to help establish priorities in more detail.
Relief of radiation-induced xerostomia with acupuncture treatment: a case presentation.

Radiotherapy is commonly used with or without concomitant chemotherapy to treat head and neck cancer [1]. Xerostomia, an adverse effect of radiotherapy, results from radiation damage to the salivary glands [2]. Associated problems may include difficulty speaking, eating, and swallowing and decreased sense of taste. Despite improvement in technologies that deliver doses of radiation, such as intensity modulated radiation treatment, which spares more than 50% of the parotid glands from high-dose radiation, development of xerostomia often is unavoidable and can become permanent and refractory to intervention [3]. Current standard treatment options are saliva substitutes and stimulating agents. Pilocarpine hydrochloride, a cholinergic agonist, is the prototypical stimulating agent for treatment of xerostomia. The reported response rate for pilocarpine is 31%-54% [4], and the duration of response is often short. In addition, pilocarpine can produce adverse effects such as sweating, rhinitis, chills, and nausea that lead some patients to discontinue the medication [4]. Results from previous studies demonstrate that acupuncture-like treatment is effective in stimulating saliva production and improves xerostomia and its associated quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiation [5-7]. The techniques used in these studies were either manual acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, or electroacupuncture. Currently, the National Cancer Institute/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group is launching a phase II-III study to investigate the efficacy of acupuncture-like transcutaneous nerve stimulation compared with pilocarpine in the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia for patients with head and neck cancer. To our knowledge, no one has previously reported using a combination of manual acupuncture, auricular acupuncture, and electro-acupuncture to treat radiation-induced xerostomia. In this case study, we report significant improvement of severe xerostomia related to radiotherapy in a patient treated with this combination of acupuncture treatments. This patient reported a 30% increase in salivation, which corresponded with a functional improvement in his daily life, with benefits from each session lasting 10 weeks.
Experimental studies of phase separation in reaction injection‐molded (RIM) polyurethanes

Reaction injection molding or RIM is the high speed production of polymer parts directly from low viscosity reactants injected into a mold. In contrast to thermoplastic injection molding, where the part solidified upon cooling, in RIM the shape is set by fast (insitu) polymerization. The reaction leading to the formation of the polymer can be initiated by mixing or by heat transfer.1 For the mixing activated process two highly reactive monomers or pre-polymers, in stoichiometric ratios, are brought into intimate contact by impingement mixing. The thermally activated RIM materials, on the other hand, have to be initiated by an increase in monomer temperature.1
Fluorometric Determination of Ethinyl Estradiol in Tablets

A fluorometric procedure, based on the Liebermann-Burchard reaction, was developed for assaying ethinyl estradiol in tablets. A chloroform extract of ethinyl estradiol is reacted with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid, and the resulting fluorophor is measured at 400 nm. while exciting at 324 nm. Fluorescence versus concentration is linear up to 10 mcg./ml. under the lower limit of detection is 0.5 mcg./ml. under the conditions studied. Replicate analyses showed good agreement, and an average recovery of 100.0 ± 0.94% was obtained for 10 analyses of a synthetic mixture, Assay results on eight different commercial samples (0.01–0.50 mg./tablet) are reported.
Evaluating weighted models of measuring job satisfaction: A cinderella story

Abstract Data obtained from a national probability sample of 1533 American workers were used to assess the validity of ten methods of weighting job satisfaction ratings by importance ratings. The methods varied systematically in terms of the input they employed, scale treatment, and the types of mathematical operations used for weighting. Each method was evaluated with data from two subsamples of workers who differed in terms of the magnitude of their intraindividual correlations between satisfaction and importance ratings. The four criterion variables used to evaluate the weighting methods were measures of overall job satisfaction, job-related tension, likelihood of leaving one's present job, and mental health. The data not only failed to support the hypothesis that the validity of job satisfaction ratings may be increased by weighting them by importance ratings but indicated, on the contrary, that importance-weighting actually reduced the validity of satisfaction ratings. This reduction was attributed to several statistical problems, principally the failure of satisfaction and importance ratings to meet the demanding scaling assumptions of weighting models. An inconsistency was pointed out between the research activities necessary for providing an ideal test of a weighting model and those necessary for developing a generally useful measure of job satisfaction based on the model.
Case marking semantics

Abstract This paper shows that case markers (c.m.) in Hindi are associated with semantic generalizations such that the c.m. -koo consistently signals target semantics, whereas the c.m. -see consistently signals non-target semantics. These findings challenge the current view that c.m. are purely syntactic phenomena whose function is to merely signal deep categories such as subject and object and/or Case categories. The first two sections show that the -koo vs -see contrast cuts across deep categories: section 1 discusses this contrast on cause agents, and section 2 on addressees of verbs of saying; the final section 3 shows that the c.m. semantics generalizes over several deep categories.
Towards an adequate definition of distribution for first-order logic

L'A. formalise une notion standard d'implication stricte de la distribution, generalisee a la logique du premier ordre. Il s'agit de montrer que la distribution SQL, qui est une modification de la propre notion de P. Geach, repond a plusieurs criteres d'exactitude tout en evitant les contre-exemples de P. Geach. L'A. mesure la possibilite d'une notion de distribution completement adequate
Growth-dependent Regulation of Mammalian Pyrimidine Biosynthesis by the Protein Kinase A and MAPK Signaling Cascades

The carbamoyl phosphate synthetase domain of the multifunctional protein CAD catalyzes the initial, rate-limiting step in mammalian de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. In addition to allosteric regulation by the inhibitor UTP and the activator PRPP, the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase activity is controlled by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)- and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation. MAPK phosphorylation, both in vivo and in vitro, increases sensitivity to PRPP and decreases sensitivity to the inhibitor UTP, whereas PKA phosphorylation reduces the response to both allosteric effectors. To elucidate the factors responsible for growth state-dependent regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis, the activity of the de novo pyrimidine pathway, the MAPK and PKA activities, the phosphorylation state, and the allosteric regulation of CAD were measured as a function of growth state. As cells entered the exponential growth phase, there was an 8-fold increase in pyrimidine biosynthesis that was accompanied by a 40-fold increase in MAPK activity and a 4-fold increase in CAD threonine phosphorylation. PRPP activation increased to 21-fold, and UTP became a modest activator. These changes were reversed when the cultures approach confluence and growth ceases. Moreover, CAD phosphoserine, a measure of PKA phosphorylation, increased 2-fold in confluent cells. These results are consistent with the activation of CAD by MAPK during periods of rapid growth and its down-regulation in confluent cells associated with decreased MAPK phosphorylation and a concomitant increase in PKA phosphorylation. A scheme is proposed that could account for growth-dependent regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis based on the sequential action of MAPK and PKA on the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase activity of CAD.
Acute changes in cranial blood flow after cocaine hydrochloride

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with the 133 Xenon inhalation technique and forehead skin flow with laser Doppler, before and twice after 0.3 milligram/kilogram of cocaine hydrochloride and a placebo given intravenously to six cocaine abusers, during two visits, separated by a minimum of one week. After cocaine, subjects showed significant increases in intoxication and tension. Systolic blood pressure and pulse rate also increased significantly after the drug but not after the placebo. CBF, with and without correction for end-tidal CO 2 , showed increases in left and right hemisphere after cocaine. The CBF increase was maximal in frontal, central and parietal regions. CBF changes correlated only with changes in a rated level of intoxication. Forehead skin flow did not change after cocaine or placebo. In habitual cocaine abusers, 0.3 mg/kg of cocaine, given intravenously produced increased CBF and no changes in forehead skin flow.
Vibrational frequencies and structural determination of 1,1-difluoro-1,2-propadiene

Abstract The normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments of 1,1-difluoro-1,2-propadiene in C2v symmetry are examined theoretically using the gaussian 98 set of quantum chemistry codes. All normal modes were successfully assigned to one of 11 types of motion (CC stretch, C–H stretch, C–F stretch, CH2 scissors, CF2 scissors, CH2 wag, CF2 wag, CH2 rock, CF2 rock, CF2 twist, and CCC bend) predicted by a group theoretical analysis. Comparing the vibrational frequencies with IR and Raman spectra available in the literature, a set of scaling factors is derived. Predicted infrared intensities and Raman activities are reported. Predicted normal mode frequencies of 1,1-difluoro-1,2-propadiene-d2 are reported.
Interpolating wavelets on unstructured grids for the fast computation of 3D integral problems

In this paper we present an approach to construct second generation interpolating wavelets to compress the class of integral operators of the form (integral) K(x,y)dy over an unstructured grid in 3D. This approach results in a scheme that generally requires O(N) storage at O(N) cost. Moreover, analytical estimates of the stiffness matrix coefficients are derived. Numerical results are presented for a second kind formation of Laplace equation.
Tramadol use in pediatric sickle cell disease patients with vaso-occlusive crisis

AIM: To evaluate whether the addition of scheduled oral tramadol to intravenous morphine and intravenous ketorolac reduces morphine requirements. METHODS: This single-centered, Institutional Review Board-approved, retrospective study at Moses Cone Memorial Hospital included pediatric patients who were ≥ 2 years old with vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) caused by sickle cell disease (SCD), were on morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), and had scheduled oral tramadol added to their standard pain regimen. The study population was admitted between March 2008 and March 2011. The data was collected from electronic records and included age, weight, morphine use, tramadol use, hemoglobin, pain scores, number of days on PCA, length of hospital stay, respiratory rate, and polyethylene glycol use. Thirty patients were analyzed as independent admissions and seven patients as paired admissions. RESULTS: Eighteen pediatric SCD patients with VOC received morphine PCA and intravenous ketorolac and twelve patients received morphine PCA and intravenous ketorolac and scheduled oral tramadol. Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups with the exception of the average weight, which was greater in the tramadol group than in the morphine group. The average morphine requirements in patients with and without the use of tramadol were similar, both for the independent admissions [0.58 mg/kg per day vs 0.65 mg/kg per day (P = 0.31)] and the paired admissions [0.71 mg/kg per day vs 0.77 mg/kg per day (P = 0.5)]. The daily polyethylene glycol requirement was less in the tramadol group for both the independent [0.5 g/kg per day vs 0.6 g/kg per day (P = 0.64)] and paired admissions analyses [and 0.41 g/kg per day vs 0.55 g/kg per day (P = 0.67)]. CONCLUSION: The addition of scheduled tramadol in patients receiving concomitant morphine and ketorolac demonstrates a trend toward decreased morphine and polyethylene glycol use.