cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The “Tsunami Earthquake” of 13 April 1923 in Northern Kamchatka: Seismological and Hydrodynamic Investigations

We present a seismological and hydrodynamic investigation of the earthquake of 13 April 1923 at Ust’-Kamchatsk, Northern Kamchatka, which generated a more powerful and damaging tsunami than the larger event of 03 February 1923, thus qualifying as a so-called “tsunami earthquake”. On the basis of modern relocations, we suggest that it took place outside the fault area of the mainshock, across the oblique Pacific-North America plate boundary, a model confirmed by a limited dataset of mantle waves, which also confirms the slow nature of the source, characteristic of tsunami earthquakes. However, numerical simulations for a number of legitimate seismic models fail to reproduce the sharply peaked distribution of tsunami wave amplitudes reported in the literature. By contrast, we can reproduce the distribution of reported wave amplitudes using an underwater landslide as a source of the tsunami, itself triggered by the earthquake inside the Kamchatskiy Bight.
Ethics and the Costs of Dying

The development of ethical issues in the biomedical fields since 1966 is marked by the transformation of issues from moral problems that confront the individual physician or patient to large social-ethical issues that face the whole society. For example, earlier discussions of moral problems in terminal illness centered upon when and how to tell the patient that the prognosis is terminal,1 when to suspend treatment in the dying patient,2 when the patient is really “dead,”3 the ethics of research in a dying patient,4 or who should be involved in making decisions in such situations.5 These moral problems contain an element of simplicity as “one-on-one” problems, i.e., dilemmas confronting individual physicians and patients. Yet each of these problems take place within the context of a larger reality, such as the social-economic setting of dying, that has a great influence on the whole experience of dying in our culture. There is a tendency in writings on ethics to study the particular moral dilemma and neglect a larger framework that determines many more features of decisions than we prefer to admit. Where people die and how much it costs to die in the United States are issues that shape many elements of decision making in the particular case.
Boundary Element Methods for Semilinear Elliptic Partial Differential Equations (I): The Monotone Iteration Scheme and Error Estimates

Numerical solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are important in applications. Historically, such work is done primarily by the finite differencemethods (FDM) and finite elementmethods (FEM).We note a few of such papers containing FDMand FEM numerical analysis of semilinear and quasilinear elliptic BVPs: Bers [17], Parter [155], Greenspan and Parter [83], for FDM; Ciarlet, Schultz and Varga [50], Dupont and Douglas [67], Brenner and Scott [28], for FEM.
Shock-Wave C osmology

In this paper we are motivated by the idea that, similar to a classical, (non-relativistic) explosion, the expansion of the universe as measured by the Hubble constant, might be due to a tremendous (localized) shock-wave explosion into a static ambient space time. Were this the case, then the earth would be in a special place relative to the center of the explosion, thereby violating the Copernican Principle (CP) which implies that no spacetime point is in a “distinguished place” in the universe. The CP justifies the Standard Cosmology based on the FriedmannRobertson-Walker (FRW) metric (gravitational field), because the FRW metric is the only metric consistent with Einstein’s equations, which is homogeneous and isotropic about each point. The high degree of uniformity of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR), together with the directional independence of the red-shifting of galaxies, give support to the CP. A shock-wave at the leading edge of that portion of our universe for which the Hubble constant applies, also violates another important pillar of the Standard Cosmology, this being the idea that one can meaningfully trace the model back to 10-33seconds after the Big Bang. Indeed, as is well-known, shock-waves imply entropy increase and hence loss-ofinformation about the past. Thus a cosmology based upon shock-waves implies the impossibility of recovering details of the early explosion.
Spell: Online Streaming Parsing of Large Unstructured System Logs

System event logs have been frequently used as a valuable resource in data-driven approaches to enhance system health and stability. A typical procedure in system log analytics is to first parse unstructured logs to structured data, and then apply data mining and machine learning techniques and/or build workflow models from the resulting structured data. Previous work on parsing system event logs focused on offline, batch processing of raw log files. But increasingly, applications demand online monitoring and processing. As a result, a streaming method to parse unstructured logs is needed. We propose an online streaming method $\mathsf{Spell}$Spell, which utilizes a longest common subsequence based approach, to parse system event logs. We show how to dynamically extract log patterns from incoming logs and how to maintain a set of discovered message types in streaming fashion. An enhancement to find more accurate message types is also proposed. We also propose and evaluate a method to automatically discover semantic meanings for parameter fields identified by Spell. We compare $\mathsf{Spell}$Spell against state-of-the-art methods to extract patterns from system event logs on large real data. The results demonstrate that, compared with other log parsing alternatives, $\mathsf{Spell}$Spell shows its superiority in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness.
Return to the Emergency Room with or without Readmission After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery in Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Patients at an Urban Medical Center

Background Although reducing 30-day hospital readmissions is now a priority in neurosurgical quality improvement, postoperative emergency room (ER) visits have remained poorly understood, in particular, in populations with limited access to outpatient care. After endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, the unique pathologic entities treated can engender a variety of surgical and metabolic complications—often dangerous, delayed, and nonspecific in presentation. We sought to characterize the causes and timing of ER visits—with or without readmission—in a socioeconomically disadvantaged population. Methods We reviewed all the patients undergoing ETS by our skull base team from 2009 to 2017 to determine their socioeconomic profile and causes of ER visits. For external validation, we compared our results with national data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Results Of the 229 patients, 35 (15.3%) had visited the ER within 30 days of discharge. Of these 229 patients, 21 (9.2%) were readmitted, and 109 (47.6%) were insured by Medicaid. The most common reasons for the ER visits were headache (8 of 35 [22.9%]), hyponatremia (7 of 35 [20.0%]), and epistaxis (5 of 35 [14.3%]). The most common cause for readmission was symptomatic hyponatremia (6 of 21 [28.6%]). The other reasons for readmission included meningitis (2 of 21 [9.5%]), adrenal crisis (2 of 21 [9.5%]), and cerebrospinal fluid leakage (1 of 21 [4.8%]). The average time to readmission was 10.9 days. According to the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, the 30-day readmission rate was 5.5%, of which 22.2% were for hyponatremia. Conclusion Delayed hyponatremia accounts for a large proportion of ER visits and unplanned readmissions. Close follow-up with diligent, multidisciplinary care might reduce the number of ER visits and readmission in this population.
Analyzing power Fluctuations in the \( ^{19}F\left( {\vec p,p} \right)an{d^{19}}F\left( {\vec p,\alpha } \right) \) Reactions

Recent investigation of the analyzing power Ay for elastic and inelastic scattering from 26Mg and 27Al has revealed evidence for intermediate structure in these reactions1). The incident proton energies, 6 to 12 MeV, had considerable overlap with the incident proton energies at which the giant dipole resonance (GDR) is observed in (p,γ) reactions. Indeed, the structure observed in the excitation functions for the \( ^{27}A\ell {\left( {\vec p,p'} \right)^{27}}A\ell \) analyzing powers showed a surprising qualitative resemblance to the structure previously observed2) in the \( ^{27}A\ell {\left( {\vec p,\gamma } \right)^{28}} \) Si cross-sec­tion excitation function. While the compound states contributing to the GDR should be excited in (p,p) and (p,p′) reactions, it is not expected that they would be preferentially excited as they are in the capture reaction.
Eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors among women: Associations with sexual risk

Objective To evaluate the association between eating disorders or disordered eating behaviors and sexual risk in young women. Method We used prospective cohort data of young women ages 18-26 years from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 5,899). Exposures of interest (at 18-26 years) included a self-reported eating disorder diagnosis or disordered eating behaviors including fasting/skipping meals, vomiting, diet pills, or laxative/diuretic use to lose weight and binge eating. Sexual risk outcomes at 7-year follow-up included the number of new sexual partners, condom use, and sexually transmitted infections. Results Having either an eating disorder or reporting any disordered eating behavior was associated with a greater number of new sexual partners (B = 1.09, 95% CI [0.18, 2.00]) and lower odds of condom use (odds ratio 0.70, 95% CI [0.53, 0.94] among a subsample of sexually active, unmarried women). Discussion Young women with eating disorders or who engage in disordered eating behaviors are at higher risk for multiple new sexual partners and unprotected sex. Clinicians caring for young adults with eating disorders may consider screening for sexual risk behaviors.
Reevaluating Norms for Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea

CITATIONBrooks DM, Brooks LJ. Reevaluating norms for childhood obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(11):1557–1558.
Acoustic versus articulatory accounts of asymmetries in vowel perception

Most research on cross-language speech perception has concentrated on how and when the discrimination and categorization of speech sounds change with specific linguistic experience. It has become increasingly clear, however, that there are also universal biases in place early in development that guide and constrain how perceivers from diverse linguistic backgrounds decode the speech signal. In the domain of vowel perception, it is now known that perceivers (both adult and infant) are universally biased toward articulatorily and acoustically extreme vowels. This generic vowel bias is often demonstrated in discrimination tasks as a directional asymmetry: perceivers perform better when discriminating changes from less to more peripheral vowels compared to the reverse. I will discuss evidence indicating that the processes underlying these asymmetries operate on articulatory information, rather than on acoustic information per se. I will begin with findings from cross-language experiments with adults indicating that asymmetries occur with vowels presented in either the auditory or the visual modality, regardless of native language. I will then present findings indicating that analogous asymmetries in visual perception emerge using schematic non-speech visual analogs of vowels, but only if the optical stimuli depict both lip-motion and configural information, consistent with an articulatory account of asymmetries.Most research on cross-language speech perception has concentrated on how and when the discrimination and categorization of speech sounds change with specific linguistic experience. It has become increasingly clear, however, that there are also universal biases in place early in development that guide and constrain how perceivers from diverse linguistic backgrounds decode the speech signal. In the domain of vowel perception, it is now known that perceivers (both adult and infant) are universally biased toward articulatorily and acoustically extreme vowels. This generic vowel bias is often demonstrated in discrimination tasks as a directional asymmetry: perceivers perform better when discriminating changes from less to more peripheral vowels compared to the reverse. I will discuss evidence indicating that the processes underlying these asymmetries operate on articulatory information, rather than on acoustic information per se. I will begin with findings from cross-language experiments with adults indicatin...
Case Article--DeLand Crayon Company: An Application of the Traveling Salesman Problem to Production Scheduling with Sequence-Dependent Setup Times.

NP-complete problems such as the traveling salesman problem (TSP) play a prominent role in most advanced undergrad/graduate courses in discrete optimization modeling. Teaching such an important top...
Association Between Federal Value-Based Incentive Programs and Health Care-Associated Infection Rates in Safety-Net and Non-Safety-Net Hospitals.

Importance In the US, federal value-based incentive programs are more likely to penalize safety-net institutions than non–safety-net institutions. Whether these programs differentially change the rates of targeted health care–associated infections in safety-net vs non–safety-net hospitals is unknown. Objective To assess the association of Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP) and Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) implementation with changes in rates of targeted health care–associated infections and disparities in rates among safety-net and non–safety-net hospitals. Design, Setting, and Participants This interrupted time series included all US acute care hospitals enrolled in the Preventing Avoidable Infectious Complications by Adjusting Payment study that participated in mandatory reporting to the National Healthcare Safety Network from January 1, 2013, through June 30, 2018. Hospital characteristics were obtained from the 2015 American Hospital Association annual survey. Penalty statuses for 2015 to 2018 were obtained from Hospital Compare. Data were analyzed between July 9, 2018, and October 1, 2019. Exposures HACRP and HVBP implementation in fiscal year 2015 or 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were rates of 4 health care–associated infections: central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), surgical site infection (SSI) after colon surgical procedures, and SSI after abdominal hysterectomy procedures. Regression models were fit using generalized estimating equations to assess the association of HACRP and HVBP implementation with health care–associated infection rates and disparities in infection rates. Results Of the 618 acute care hospitals included in this study, 473 (76.5%) were non–safety net and 145 (23.5%) were considered safety net. In these hospitals, HACRP and HVBP implementation was not associated with improvements in level or trend for any health care–associated infection examined (eg, CAUTI in safety-net hospitals: incidence rate ratio [IRR] for level change, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.79-1.23;P = .89]; IRR for change in slope, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.97-1.03;P = .80]). Before program implementation, infection rates were statistically significantly higher for safety-net than for non–safety-net hospitals for CLABSI (IRR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.07-1.42;P = .004), CAUTI (IRR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.64;P Conclusions and Relevance This study found that HACRP and HVBP implementation was not associated with any improvements in targeted health care–associated infections among safety-net or non–safety-net hospitals or with changes in disparities in infection rates. Given the persistent health care–associated infection rate disparities, these programs appear to function as a disproportionate penalty system for safety-net hospitals that offer no measurable benefits for patients.
OUR EXPERIENCE WITH ORAL ITRACONAZOLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHILDHOOD TINEA CAPITIS OVER A 2 YEAR PERIOD

Objectives Tinea capitis is a common paediatric infection for which Griseofulvin is the only licensed medication. However azole antifungals are readily available and may be efficacious in this cohort of patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective study which investigated the efficacy and safety of oral Itraconazole in the management of tinea capitis; 86 children of varying ethnicity who attended our department over a 2 year period were included. All patients had a clinical diagnosis of tinea capitis and were treated with oral Itraconazole at doses ranging from 3 to 5 mgs/kg/day. Fungal scrapings were obtained from 54 patients, of whom 34 had positive cultures. Trichophyton tonsurans was the most common organism. Results 17 patients failed to attend after the initial visit; of the remaining 69 patients, clinical cures were documented in 43 (62.3%) after 6 weeks or less of Itraconazole, a further 14 (20.3%) resolved after 6–12 weeks of treatment, while 4 (5.8%) did not respond and required introduction of another agent. Of the 31 patients with confirmed Trichophyton species, clinical cures were recorded in 56% after less than 6 weeks of treatment and a further 20% were cured after 6–12 weeks. Of the 3 patients with confirmed M. canis, 1 patient had a partial response after 6 weeks of oral Itraconazole while 2 patients were unresponsive. Itraconazole was well tolerated in all cases with no recorded side effects. Conclusions In summary, Itraconazole is a safe and effective option for childhood tinea capitis. Trichophyton species are particularly responsive but Microsporum infections appear much more resistant.
Public Health and the Conrad Visa Waiver Program: How the Placement of Foreign-Born Doctors in Health Professional Shortage Areas is Helping to Mitigate the Effects of America's Growing Physician Shortfall

I estimate the effect, on age-adjusted and unadjusted death rates, of the placement of foreign-born physicians in Health Professional Shortage Areas through the Conrad State 30 program. Existing annual, county-level data on deaths, income, and the placement of Conrad physicians is collected for the years 1990- 2004 in Washington and Pennsylvania states. Ordinary least squares, difference-in-difference, robust regression, and fixed effects models are used to estimate the correlation between physician placement and county death rate. In Pennsylvania, Conrad physician placement in county x at time t is positively correlated with the death rate in county x at time t; in Washington, Conrad physician placement in county x at time t is negatively correlated with the death rate in county x at time t. The divergence of results is speculated to be due, among other factors, to differences in Conrad physician placement strategies and differences in the unobserved, state-specific methods of addressing counties' public health needs.
Coating recession effects in ceramic composite strength

Abstract BN fiber coatings in SiC-SiC composites are vulnerable to oxidation and volatilization at elevated temperature in the presence of water vapor. These processes lead to coating recession in the composite interior with recession fronts starting from matrix cracks and proceeding axially along the fibers. In some operational domains, the main effect of recession is to de-couple the fibers from the matrix, precluding load transfer that would otherwise occur through frictional sliding. Here we present a modelling framework to address effects of coating recession on composite strength. The framework is built upon the characteristic strengths and transfer lengths that govern fiber and matrix fragmentation during tensile loading. Four dominant behavioral domains are identified and analyzed. Recession causes shifts in the domain boundaries and reductions in composite strength. Variations in degraded strength with the extent of recession are interpreted in terms of stress rupture plots. In the regime where recession leads to time-dependent fracture, the composite response is defined by two strengths: (i) the pristine composite strength (governed by the in situ fiber bundle properties) and (ii) a threshold stress below which failure is not predicted to occur (governed by the strength of an equivalent fiber bundle in the absence of a matrix). The time scales are set by the square of the ratio of recession length and the matrix crack spacing, the latter governed by a combination of the matrix strength distribution, interface sliding stress, fiber content and applied stress.
Homicide, Acquisitive Crime, and Inflation: A City-Level Longitudinal Analysis:

Building on research by Rosenfeld et al., citylevel random coefficients panel models reveal a significant association between inflation and homicide rates that is only partially mediated by acquisi...
Age-related differences in calf muscle recruitment strategies in the time-frequency domain during walking as a function of task demand.

We use time-frequency analyses of calf muscle activation to quantify age-related differences in motor recruitment in walking. Gastrocnemius activation in older versus young adults was lower across ...
Weld Penetration Control with Radiographic Feedback on Weld Pool Depression

Recently [1,2], a method for remote arc weld process control using real-time radiography as a vision system was described. In this work information on weld quality extracted from real-time radiographic images was used in feedback to change welding conditions to maintain weld quality. Principal attention was given to automatic control of weld penetration [2]. The radiographic image was analyzed at some distance behind the welding pool where the weld became solidified. An early detection, from the image, of depth of weld penetration was performed and based on this information the welding current was adjusted automatically to obtain complete penetration. The time (and space) delay in extracting information on weld penetration leads to the appearance of small areas of weld with lack of penetration.
Annual energy analysis of concrete containing phase change materials for building envelopes

This paper examines the annual energy and cost savings potential of adding microencapsulated phase change material to the exterior concrete walls of an average-sized single family home in California climate zones 3 (San Francisco, CA) and 9 (Los Angeles, CA). The annual energy and cost savings were larger for South- and West-facing walls than for other walls. They were also the largest when the phase change temperature was near the desired indoor temperature. The addition of microencapsulated phase change material to the building walls reduced the cooling load in summer substantially more than the heating load in winter. This was attributed to the cold winter temperatures resulting in nearly unidirectional heat flux on many days. The annual cooling load reduction in an average-sized single family home in San Francisco and in Los Angeles ranged from 85% to 100% and from 53% to 82%, respectively, for phase change material volume fraction ranging from 0.1 to 0.3. The corresponding annual electricity cost savings ranged from $36 to $42 in San Francisco and from $94 to $143 in Los Angeles. From an energy standpoint, the best climate for using building materials containing uniformly distributed microencapsulated phase change material would have outdoor temperature oscillations centered around the desired indoor temperature for the entire year.
Small Explorer Wire Failure Investigation Report

This paper presents the Small Explorer WIRE Failure Investigation Report in viewgraph form. Some of the diagrams include: 1) Overview of the Pyro Box and key interfaces; 2) Schematic Diagram of the A1020 FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) inputs; 3) Three critical FPGA reset signals shown in detail; 4) State machines for firing the cover pyrotechnic devices; 5) Oscillator Overview; and 6) General Crystal Oscillator Startup Characteristics.
Women in the American Judiciary: Their Influence and Impact

Abstract This article reviews the women and politics literature on gender and the American judiciary. Specifically, it explores what we know about the behavior of women on the bench: Do women judges behave differently than their male counterparts, or do they blend in and conform to existing norms and institutional cultures? The research in this area largely has gone in two directions. First, there appears to be a great deal of consensus in the literature that in sex-discrimination cases, women judges are more supportive of women's claims than men judges, regardless of their ideology. Second, there is much less consensus over whether or not women employ different methods of reasoning, such as a “difference” jurisprudence.
Estate Planning Implications of the Right of Publicity

It is not very often that an estate tax case is featured in the Harvard Law Review, as recently happened with Estate of Andrews, 850 F. Supp. 1279 (E.D. Va. 1994). In that case, the district court concluded that the value of the right of publicity embodied in a famous decedent's name is includable in the decedent's estate under section 2033. The Harvard article claims that the case 'sent shock waves through the estate planning profession,' and that 'knowledgeable estate attorneys are scrambling to determine what famous personalities must do to protect their estates from potentially devastating tax burdens.' Federal Estate Tax and the Right of Publicity: Taxing Estates for Celebrity Value, 108 Harv. L. Rev. 683, 683 (1995). This article explores the estate planning implications of the Andrews decision.
Improvements of the Discrete Dipole Approximation method

The discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) is a flexible technique for computing scattering and absorption by targets of arbitrary geometry. In this paper we perform systematic study of various non-stationary iterative (conjugate gradient) methods in search for the most efficient one in order to solve the system of equations arising in DDA. We document implementation of these methods in our public domain code DDSCAT.5a
Irreversible uterine and renal changes induced by placental ischemia (rabbit)

Abstract Ischemia of the gravid uterus causes the appearance of a pressor substance in the plasma. This substance can be isolated by ultracentrifugal techniques. Infusion of the isolated material into a pregnant rabbit near term induces a toxemia-like syndrome. This syndrome can be reversed only upon emptying the uterus. Infusion of this material into a normal female or in a rabbit in early pregnancy caused only transient effects which disappeared after 48 hours. The pressor material action upon the smooth muscle of the artery walls is most prominent in the renal and genital arteries.
Mechanisms and clinical applications of the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) Device: a review.

The use of sub-atmospheric pressure dressings, available commercially as the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) device, has been shown to be an effective way to accelerate healing of various wounds. The optimal sub-atmospheric pressure for wound healing appears to be approximately 125mm Hg utilizing an alternating pressure cycle of 5 minutes of suction followed by 2 minutes off suction. Animal studies have demonstrated that this technique optimizes blood flow, decreases local tissue edema, and removes excessive fluid from the wound bed. These physiologic changes facilitate the removal of bacteria from the wound. Additionally, the cyclical application of sub-atmospheric pressure alters the cytoskeleton of the cells in the wound bed, triggering a cascade of intracellular signals that increases the rate of cell division and subsequent formation of granulation tissue. The combination of these mechanisms makes the VAC device an extremely versatile tool in the armamentarium of wound healing. This is evident in the VAC device’s wide range of clinical applications, including treatment of infected surgical wounds, traumatic wounds, pressure ulcers, wounds with exposed bone and hardware, diabetic foot ulcers, and venous stasis ulcers. VAC has also proven useful in reconstruction of wounds by allowing elective planning of the definitive reconstructive surgery without jeopardizing the wound or outcome. Furthermore, VAC has significantly increased the skin graft success rate when used as a bolster over the freshly skin-grafted wound. VAC is generally well tolerated and, with few contraindications or complications, is fast becoming a mainstay of current wound care.
Recovery of Native Plant Community Characteristics on a Chronosequence of Restored Prairies Seeded into Pastures in West‐Central Iowa

Restored grasslands comprise an ever-increasing proportion of grasslands in North America and elsewhere. However, floristic studies of restored grasslands indicate that our ability to restore plant communities is limited. Our goal was to assess the effectiveness of restoration seeding for recovery of key plant community components on former exotic, cool-season pastures using a chronosequence of six restoration sites and three nearby remnant tallgrass prairie sites in West-Central Iowa. We assessed trends in Simpson's diversity and evenness, richness and abundance of selected native and exotic plant guilds, and mean coefficient of conservatism (mean C). Simpson's diversity and evenness and perennial invasive species abundance all declined with restoration site age. As a group, restoration sites had greater richness of native C3 species with late phenology, but lower richness and abundance of species with early phenology relative to remnant sites. Total native richness, total native abundance (cover), mean C, and abundance of late phenology C3 plants were similar between restoration and remnant sites. Observed declines in diversity and evenness with restoration age reflect increases in C4 grass abundance rather than absolute decreases in the abundance of perennial C3 species. In contrast to other studies, restoration seeding appears to have led to successful establishment of tallgrass prairie species that were likely to be included in seeding mixtures. While several floristic measures indicate convergence of restoration and remnant sites, biodiversity may be further enhanced by including early phenology species in seeding mixes in proportion to their abundance on remnant prairies.
NEUTRON SCATTERING AT 2.45 MEV BY A TIME-OF-FLIGHT METHOD

Results have been obtained by a pulsed-beam time-of-flight method for the cross sections for excitation of various levels in many nuclides by inelastic scattering at 90 degrees. The incident neutrons had a mean energy of 2.45 Mev and a spread of plus and minus 100 kev. Detailed angular distributions are given for the neutrons of inelastic scattering, for the accompanying de-excitation gamma rays, and for the elastically scattered neutrons for iron, nickel, and titanium. Such results are also given for iron and titanium for a mean incident energy of 2.25 Mev. The angular distributions indicate that for these nuclides and excitations the statistical assumption is not applicable to states in the compound nucleus. Results on the spectrum of neutrons inelastically scattered by gold may be fitted over a limited range by an effective nuclear temperature of 0.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 Mev. The same temperature describes the data on uranium 238 after subtraction of a fission neutron spectrum.
Review of antithrombotic agents used for acute coronary syndromes in renal patients

Management issues in acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) with regard to patients with renal insufficiency or failure are complex. Renal patients have a greater risk for bleeding compared with those with normal renal function because of prolonged bleeding time and platelet dysfunction. Some of the drugs used have significant renal excretion, such as the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists. Additionally, thrombolytics are underused, which contributes to the delay in instituting immediate treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Clinical data regarding the optimum management of ACSs in renal patients are still lacking. In this article, we review the available data on the use of antithrombotic agents, particularly in patients with renal impairment.
Combined quinidine and procaine amide treatment of chronic atrial fibrillation

Abstract Of 38 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who could not be converted with quinidine alone, 50 per cent have been converted to and maintained in regular sinus rhythm with smaller doses of quinidine administered in combination with procaine amide.
Intracellular delivery of HSP70 using HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is an intracellular stress protein that confers cytoprotection to a variety of cellular stressors. Several lines of evidence have suggested that augmentation of the heat shock response by increasing the expression of HSP70 represents a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of critically ill patients. The Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) has been used previously to deliver functional cargo proteins intracellularly when added exogenously to cultured cells. We generated a Tat-HSP70 fusion protein using recombinant methods and treated HSF -/- cells with either Tat-HSP70 or recombinant HSP70 prior to exposure to hyperoxia or lethal heat shock. We showed that biologically active, exogenous HSP70 can be delivered into cells using the HIV-1 Tat protein, and that the Tat-mediated delivery of HSP70 confers cytoprotection against thermal stress and hyperoxia and may represent a novel approach to augmenting intracellular HSP70 levels.
Object representations and symptomatology: Preliminary findings in young adult psychiatric inpatients

This study was designed to contribute to the empirical clarification of the object representation construct by assessing the relationships (a) among the levels of cognitive representation of four distinct and relevant individuals; and (b) among those cognitive object representations and dimensions of symptomatology. Subjects were 30 long-term inpatients of a private psychiatric hospital in Connecticut. Cognitive-developmental level of object representation was assessed according to the system described by Blatt, Brenneis, Schimek, and Glick (1976) and symptom dimensions via the SCL-90. Object representations all were interrelated significantly and tended to be related to depressive, but not other, symptomatology. Results could not be accounted for by variation in subjects' verbal production. Findings are discussed in terms of expected developmental increases in object-representation consistency; the potential influence of psychotherapy on object representations; the relative salience of different objects; unknown test-retest reliability of the instrument; and methodological and sampling issues. It is recommended that future empirical research investigate more systematically the nature of developmental level of object representation.
Computer Vision Systems for Industrial Inspection and Assembly

Custom-designed computer vision systems are being applied to specific manufacturing tasks. Current development may lead to general-purpose systems for a broad range of industrial applications.
Distribution of μ-opioid receptors in rat visceral premotor neurons

Abstract Agonists of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) can modulate the activity of visceral premotor neurons, including cardiac premotor neurons. Neurons in brainstem regions containing these premotor neurons also contain dense concentrations of the MOR1. This study examined the distribution of MOR1 within two populations of visceral premotor neurons: one located in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the other in the nucleus ambiguus. Visceral premotor neurons contained the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold following injections of the tracer into the pericardiac region of the thoracic cavity. MOR1 was localized using immunogold detection of an anti-peptide antibody. Visceral premotor neurons in both regions contained MOR1 at somatic and dendritic sites, although smaller dendrites were less likely to contain the receptor than larger dendrites, suggesting there may be selective trafficking of MOR1 within these neurons. MOR1 labeling in nucleus ambiguus neurons was more likely to be localized to plasma membrane sites, suggesting that ambiguus neurons may be more responsive to opioid ligands than neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. In addition, many of the dendrites of visceral premotor neurons were in direct apposition to other dendrites. MOR1 was often detected at these dendro-dendritic appositions that may be gap junctions. Together these findings indicate that the activity of individual visceral premotor neurons, as well as the coupling between neurons, may be regulated by ligands of the MOR.
Timed-release tablets employing lipase-Lipid-Sulfamethizole systems prepared by spray congealing

In vitro dissolution profiles of some spray-congealed formulations of sulfamethizole, incorporated in a lipid-lipase matrix and compressed into tablets, are reported. The formulations employ a pancreatic lipase-glyceryl trilaurate and glyceryl tristearate system, with enzyme-substrate combinations serving as a release-controlling vehicle to produce a timed-release effect. The granules made by spray congealing were compressed into tablets, and in vitro dissolution tests were carried out in simulated fluids. The main portion of the drug was released through the hydrolysis of substrate by lipase, and the amount of drug released after 1.5 hr. was dependent upon the lipase activity measured in the form of percent hydrolysis of substrate. Effects of lipase accelerators such as calcium ions and glyceryl monostearate on lipase activity were evaluated in terms of drug release. Different concentrations (2, 5, and 8% w/w) of calcium carbonate increased the drug release. Lower concentrations (1, 2, and 5% w/w) of glyceryl monostearate increased while higher concentrations (7 and 10% w/w) decreased the drug release.
From variety to uniformity: A preliminary analysis on compound tags

There are efforts to make use of social tags for indexing, organization, and retrieval. In processing and analyzing social tags, it has been a challenge to deal with the long tail of the tag distribution that is in some degree caused by various forms of social tags including compound tags. In this study, compound tags are analyzed to reduce the long tail of the tag distribution and improve the analysis of tags for various purposes. The preliminary results of decomposition and uniformity of compound tags provide potential for improving methods of meaningful application of social tags.
A Gas Chromatographic Procedure to Monitor Low Molecular Weight Volatile Organics Introduced During Municipal Water Processing

Abstract The low molecular weight organics were collected from water samples before, during, and after processing at a typical municipal water treatment plant and analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography. The volatile organics were trapped on a solid polyphenyl ether adsorbent. The procedure described was found to offer certain advantages over the conventional analytical techniques in evaluating the nature and origin of low molecular weight organics introduced during the municipal water treatment process.
On the Impact of Spatial Momentum

Momentum, the population growth that occurs after a fall in fertility to replacement level, has long been appreciated as a factor in the future population growth of many countries. This paper argues that another aspect of growing populations - their high proportion rural - is also a source of significant growth, and refers to the additional growth attributable to geographical redistribution as spatial momentum. Using simplifying assumptions, a model for analyzing spatial momentum is developed based on population composition, rates of growth, and levels of interregional migration. Calculations are then done using (i) hypothetical populations exhibiting a range of plausible demographic behavior, and (ii) the population of Mexico, 1970. The results show that spatial momentum can have a substantial impact on ultimate population size under commonly encountered circumstances.
Toward a Full Theory of Moral Status

There is much that I like in this essay. I share the conclusion that on this issue (as many others) the President's Council on Bioethics (PCB) has not really delivered the “fair and accurate” accou...
Evaluation by women of painters as a function of their sex and achievement and sex of the judges

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the conditions under which women devalue female performance. Unfamiliar modern art paintings were presented to 47 women. The sex of the artist, the competitive status of the painting, and the implied sex of the judges who presumably reigned over the competition were dichotomous variables; for each painting five evaluative questions were answered. Women subjects were found to value female work more highly than identical male work when it was only an attempt or entry; however, the reverse was found to be true as the work advanced from entry to winner, regardless of the sex of a competition’s judges.
Synthesis of some 5-aryl-2,2′-dipyrromethenes as analogs of prodigiosin†

Three new dipyrromethenes have been synthesized as analogs of prodigiosin: 3-methoxy-5-phenyl-2,2′-dipyrromethene (10a), 3-methoxy-4 -pentyl-5-phenyl-5′-methyl-2,2′-dipyrromethene (10b), and 3-methoxy-4′-pentyl-5′-methyl-5-(2″-thienyl)-2,2′-dipyrromethene (10c). The Michael addition of ethyl glycinate to an appropriate arylidenemalonate, quenched with ethyl chloroformate and followed by a Dieckmann cyclization gave diethyl 1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-oxo-5-phenyl and thienylpyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate, 2a and 2b. Methylation of the highly enolic keto-esters, followed by oxidation to N-ethoxycarbonylpyrroles led, after appropriate elaboration of the pyrrole nucleus, to 2-phenyl- and 2-thienyl-4-methoxypyrroles. The acid catalyzed condensation of these arylmethoxypyrroles with either pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde or 5-methyl-4-pentylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde led to 10a, 10b and 10c.
The Effects of Educational Policy and Local Context on Special Education Students’ Experiences of School Removal and Transition

This article examines school removals and transitions among nine special education students. First, the Individual with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the local school discipline policy and special education contexts are discussed. Next, drawing from participants’ narrative accounts, the ways in which policy mandates and contextual conditions shaped their individual experiences are examined. Findings reveal the significance of IDEA and the profound impact of educational policies on students having academic and disciplinary difficulties. I argue for further examinations of the “on-the-ground” effects of educational policies and for students and their families to have more power in school accountability.
A mixed Von Mises distribution for modeling soft biological tissues with two distributed fiber properties

Abstract Constitutive modeling of biological tissues plays an important role in the understanding of tissue behavior and the development of synthetic materials for medical and bio-inspired applications. A structural continuum model that incorporates principal structural features of the tissue can potentially provide the link between microstructure and the macroscopic mechanical response of biological tissues. For most soft biological tissues, including arterial walls and skin tissue, the main load-carrying constituent is presumed to be the distributed collagen fibers embedded in a base matrix. It is believed that the organization of the collagen fibers gives rise to the anisotropy of the material. In this paper, a semi-structural constitutive model is proposed to account for planar fiber distributions with more than one distributed planar fiber property. Motivated by histology information of the wing membrane of the bat, a statistical treatment is formulated in this paper to capture the overall effect of the distribution of fiber cross-sectional area and the distribution of the number of fibers. This formulation is suitable for general cases when more than one fiber property varies spatially. Furthermore, this model is a two-dimensional specialization within the framework of a three-dimensional theory, which is different the formulation based on a fundamentally two-dimensional theory.
Selection criteria for family therapy.

The patient selection criteria for most modalities of psychotherapy have not yet been clearly articulated. This paper presents a decision-tree model outlining the factors that incline a clinician to perform a family evaluation, then to decide upon family treatment instead of another form of therapy, and finally to settle upon the particular duration and intensity of family treatment. We have compiled screening criteria, based on research and clinical opinion, to be applied in the utilization review of the decisions made at each of these steps. This method can be used to evaluate the appropriateness of care and to render decision-making explicit and accountable; it may also have considerable value in training and research.
AGAR-GEL ELECTROPHORETIC AND ANALYTIC AGAR-GEL ELECTROPHORETIC STUDY OF BROMELIN.

Six protein bands designated 1 through 6 from anode to cathode were demonstrated by agar-gel electrophoresis of a concentrated solution of bromelin at pH 8.6 and pH 5.5. The proteolytic activity corresponded to the two most cathodal migrating bands, 5 and 6. This was the same area where sensitized erythrocyte agglutinating factor (SEAF) was located. SEAF was demonstrated only in electrophoretograms at pH 5.5 and proteolytic activity was most active at this pH. Acid phosphatase was found to be present in bands 1, 2, and 3, amylase at the point of application, peroxidase at bands 2 and 5, with an additional band lying between the point of origin and band 3. Esterase activity was present in bands 1 and 2, and PAS positive material was present in bands 4 and 5 and in a zone between the origin and band 3. From these studies it appeared that the proteolytic activity and SEAF traveled in the same portion of the electrophoretogram. Esterase, amylase and acid phosphatase activity were apparently unrelated to SEAF. Peroxidase activity and PAS positive material each were present in one of three active zones which coincided with the serologically active portion of electrophoretically separated bromelin.