cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How is experience transformed into memory

How our experiences unfold over time define unique trajectories through the relevant representational spaces. Within this geometric framework, one can compare the shape of the trajectory formed by an experience to that defined by our later remembering of that experience. We propose a framework for mapping naturalistic experiences onto geometric spaces that characterize how they unfold over time. We apply this approach to a naturalistic memory experiment which had participants view and recount a video. We found that the shapes of the trajectories formed by participants9 recountings were all highly similar to that of the original video, but participants differed in the level of detail they remembered. We also identified a network of brain structures that are sensitive to the "shapes" of our ongoing experiences, and an overlapping network that is sensitive to how we will later remember those experiences.
Molecular Control of Phosphorus Homeostasis and Precision Treatment of Hypophosphatemic Disorders.

Serum phosphorus is maintained in a narrow range by balancing dietary phosphate absorption, influx and efflux of phosphorus from bone and intracellular stores, and renal reabsorption of filtered phosphate. Acute hypophosphatemia, typically caused by transient increases in cellular uptake, can lead to severe complications such as cardiopulmonary dysfunction and rhabdomyolysis that can warrant parenteral phosphate repletion. Chronic hypophosphatemia, however, generally represents true phosphate deficiency and may result in long-term metabolic and skeletal complications, particularly in children due to the critical importance of phosphorus to skeletal mineralization and longitudinal growth. In addition to the well-characterized roles of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), a new bone-kidney axis has been discovered that regulates phosphate homeostasis through the bone-derived hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and its phosphaturic actions that are mediated by activation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) complexed with α-Klotho in renal tubules. Chronic hypophosphatemia can now be classified as FGF23 dependent or independent. In cases of FGF23-dependent hypophosphatemia, traditional non-specific treatments with elemental phosphorus and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D (calcitriol) can now be replaced with a targeted approach by using an FGF-23 blocking antibody (Burosumab).
MPT: Multiple Parallel Tempering for High-Throughput MCMC Samplers

This paper proposes “Multiple Parallel Tempering” (MPT) as a class of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for high-throughput hardware implementations. MCMC algorithms are used to generate samples from target probability densities and are commonly employed in stochastic processing techniques such as Bayesian inference, and maximum likelihood estimation, in which computing large amount of data in real-time with high-throughput samplers is critical. For high-dimensional and multi-modal probability densities, Parallel Tempering (PT) MCMC has proven to have superior mixing and higher convergence to the target distribution as compared to other popular MCMC algorithms such as Metropolis-Hastings (MH). MPT algorithm, proposed in this paper, imposes a new integer parameter, D, to the original algorithm of PT. Such modification changes one MCMC sampler into multiple independent kernels that alternatively generate their set of samples one after another. Our experimental results on Gaussian mixture models show that for large values of D, the auto-correlation function of the proposed MPT falls comparably to that of a PT sampler. A fully configurable and pipelined hardware accelerator for the proposed MPT, as well as PT are designed in Verilog HDL and implemented on FPGA. The two algorithms are also written in C language and evaluated on Multi-core CPU from the TX2 SoC. Our implementation results indicate that by selecting an appropriate value for $D$ in our case study the sampling throughput of the MPT can raise from 4.5 Msps in PT to 135 Msps on average, an amount near maximum achievable frequency of the target FPGA, which is about 1470× higher than when implementing on fully exploited Multi-core CPU.
An equal partnership of unequals: China’s and Russia’s new status relationship

Given China’s rise and the threat that this poses to Russia, we would expect the two states to be at best friendly rivals. Yet the relationship between Putin and Xi Jinping is warmer than ever. What accounts for the positive change in their relationship? Based on social identity theory, I argue that China and Russia are cooperating to establish a common identity due to their rejection by the West as outsiders. In terms of “ontological security theory,” they have doubled down on their outsider status. While Russian elites fear being treated as a “junior partner” by the stronger and wealthier China, the PRC has managed to assuage such concerns by deferring to Russia in its near abroad, including Central Asia, on security issues. The sanctions and tariffs imposed by the Trump administration have driven two non-liberal powers closer together.
The Use of Growth Factors for Guided Bone Regeneration in Clinical Periodontics

The primary purpose of this literature review is to determine the effectiveness of available growth factors for oral guided bone regeneration surgery in clinical periodontics. Secondarily, the authors clarify questions regarding the use of specific growth factors to optimize clinical outcomes. Current research indicates that growth factors may enhance initial periodontal wound healing; however, there is limited evidence to support their use in guided bone regeneration surgical procedures, to include peri-implant bone regeneration. The use of biologic mediators, such as growth factors, as an adjunct to regeneration of extraction sites, edentulous site defects, or for dental implant site development must be carefully evaluated by clinicians to determine if the additional effort and expense will significantly enhance clinical outcome. Growth factors may provide the greatest benefit for enhanced wound healing in a compromised patient or in sites with severe hard and soft tissue defects or during retreatment.
Insert a joke about lawyers: Evaluating preferences for the Dark Triad traits in six occupations

Abstract The current research examined how perceptions of the Dark Triad traits vary across occupations. Results from two studies (NTOTAL = 933) suggested that participants believe it is acceptable, if not advantageous, for lawyers and musicians to be high in the Dark Triad traits. Participants, likewise, indicated that teachers should be high in narcissism but low in Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Potentially, the performative aspects of narcissism are considered an asset for teachers, while Machiavellianism and psychopathy are considered a liability. The findings further indicated that, regardless of the occupation in question, people high in a specific Dark Triad trait believe others should also be high in that same trait. All results are considered in the context of the attraction-selection-attrition model.
“If You Become Naked”: Sexual Honesty on the Beatles’ White Album

The Beatles’ White Album is a musical expression of getting naked, revealing anxiety and doubt in songs that fetishize objects and role play while representing impotence and cuckolding. Anxiety and...
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and extracellular vesicles.

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) represents the etiological agent for several human malignancies, including Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), which develop mainly in immunocompromised patients. KSHV has established many strategies to hijack and thwart the host's immune responses, including through the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs represent a significant mode of intercellular communication as they carry a variety of molecules that can be delivered from cell-to-cell. EVs are now recognized as one of the major players in immune system development and function during both innate and adaptive immune responses. In the current mini-review, we summarize recent findings on how KSHV utilizes EVs to create favorable environments for viral spread and persistence while evading immune responses. We also discuss the limitations and unanswered questions in this field, and the potential areas for related immunotherapies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Correlation of Patient-Reported Outcomes With Physical Function After Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Background:Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is successful by both subjective patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and objective functional improvements of gait. Each is reproducible and valid, b...
Edge wave enabled diffractive optical elements for Augmented Reality glasses

There are multiple challenges to realize waveguide-based Surface Relief Gratings (SRG) for combiners in Augmented Reality (AR) applications: fabricability, efficiency and diffraction uniformity are among the most important ones. Interdigital develops SRG using Edge Waves (EW) to design highly efficient gratings with a high angular robustness. An EW is generated by a diffraction phenomenon appearing at the interface between two dielectric media and its direction of propagation is controlled by the index ratio between the two media and the direction of the incident plane wave. Combining different edges together, we optimize the elementary geometry, i.e., the building block of an SRG, to diffract into the direction defined by the grating equation, optimizing the power transfer of the incident light into the direction of interest. Our approach enables symmetrical structures with low aspect-ratio, optimized for coupling very efficiently into the first or second order modes, the latter leads to over-wavelength pitch sizes. Moreover, our SRG is designed to angularly tile the exit pupil of the light engine without losses, making our structures adapted to any sort of light engines. Based on our unique design concept, we present in-couplers using two waveguides with a field of view of 130 degrees and RGB operation, and a one waveguide system with 90 degrees of field of view and RGB operation, both with a wafer having also an index of refraction of about 1.7. We believe this will pave the way to new DOE combiners for future AR glasses.
Angioedema

Angioedema can be caused by either mast cell degranulation or activation of the kallikrein-kinin cascade. In the former case, angioedema can be caused by allergic reactions caused by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity to foods or drugs that can also result in acute urticaria or a more generalized anaphylactic reaction. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitors, in particular) may cause angioedema with or without urticaria, and leukotrienes may have a particular role as a mediator of the swelling. Reactions to contrast agents resemble allergy with basophil and mast cell degranulation in the absence of specific IgE antibody and can be generalized, that is, anaphylactoid. Angioedema accompanies chronic urticaria in 40% of patients, and approximately half have an autoimmune mechanism in which there is IgG antibody directed to the subunit of the IgE receptor (40%) or to IgE itself (5%-10%). Bradykinin is the mediator of angioedema in hereditary angioedema types I and II (C1 inhibitor [INH] deficiency) and the newly described type III disorder some of which are caused by a mutation involving factor XII. Acquired C1 INH deficiency presents in a similar fashion to the hereditary disorder and is due either to C1 INH depletion by circulating immune complexes or to an IgG antibody directed to C1 INH. Although each of these causes excessive bradykinin formation because of activation of the plasma bradykinin-forming pathway, the angioedema due to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is caused by excessive bradykinin levels due to inhibition of bradykinin degradation. Idiopathic angioedema (ie, pathogenesis unknown) may be histaminergic, that is, caused by mast cell degranulation with histamine release, or nonhistaminergic. The mediator pathways in the latter case are yet to be defined. A minority may be associated with the same autoantibodies associated with chronic urticaria. Angioedema that is likely to be life threatening (laryngeal edema or tongue/pharyngeal edema that obstructs the airway) is seen in anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions and the disorders mediated by bradykinin.
Longitudinal Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes After Transversus Abdominis Release for Complex Hernia Repair With a Review of the Literature.

PurposePosterior component separation with transversus abdominis release (TAR) enables medial myofascial flap advancement in complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Here, we add to a growing body of...
The primary controls on U/Ca and minor element proxies in a cold-water coral cultured under decoupled carbonate chemistry conditions

Abstract Culture experiments are uniquely suited for uncovering the fundamental factors controlling skeletal geochemistry because it is possible to explore conditions beyond what is found in the modern ocean and to decouple parameters that co-vary in nature. We cultured juvenile individuals of a cold-water coral (Balanophyllia elegans) in a set of experiments that decoupled carbonate chemistry parameters over a wide range of pH, DIC, and [CO32−] values. Using a multi-element mixed spike isotope dilution method we then analyzed cultured skeletons for U/Ca, which has been proposed as a potential proxy for seawater pH and [CO32−], as well as Sr/Ca, and Mg/Ca. We find that U/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in cultured B. elegans are most strongly correlated with solution DIC and not pH or [CO32−]. We also confirm previous observations that Metal/Calcium (Me/Ca) ratios follow the same correlated relationships between and among individuals across different experimental conditions. Interpretation of these robust Me/Ca patterns within the framework of a geochemical model of biomineralization allows us to identify two “rules” of skeletal growth for B. elegans. First, changes in seawater exchange rates can explain variability in B. elegans Me/Ca ratios, correlations between these ratios, and sensitivity of Me/Ca to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry. Second, our model best fits our data if we assume that calcifying fluid pH for B. elegans remains constant across widely varying experimental seawater compositions. Our study has implications for the recently developed Sr-U paleothermometer because it refines our understanding of the environmental parameters affecting this proxy. Our model further demonstrates that U/Ca is not a robust indicator of seawater pH or [CO32−]. Instead, U/Ca may record how calcifying fluid [CO32−] responds to changes in the environment or calcification dynamics, which may be useful in evaluating how corals respond to changes like ocean acidification. Measurements of U/Ca and additional Me/Ca ratios in other coral species, evaluated within a similar framework, may elucidate how those species respond to environmental change.
Early gastric cancer.

We found 28 cases (13%) of early gastric cancer from among 213 cases of gastric cancer resected over a 10 yr period. The incidence was higher in the second 5 yr than the first. The lesions were classified into type I (polypoid, 29%), type II (superficial, 21%). type III (ulcerated, 32%), and mixed (18%) according to the Japanese classification. Twenty-nine percent had lymph node metastases. In only 50% of the early cases had endoscopy or radiology suggested that the lesions were malignant. Biopsy diagnosis of carcinoma was made in 20 cases preoperatively and was negative for carcinoma in 4 others. Adequate numbers of endoscopic biopsy specimens must be taken to ensure a diagnosis in early gastric cancer. Follow-ups were obtained in all early, and 70% of the advanced cancer patients. Life table survival curves revealed 5-yr survival rates of 68% for the early gastric cancer and 27% for the advanced cancer cases (p
Risk and predictability in English common law

It is often said that the biggest challenge facing private law is that posed by the continual need to choose between certainty and justice. Certainty is a worthy goal, it is said, because everyone knows exactly where they stand and judicial decision-making can proceed from clearly-articulated statements of legal principle. On the other hand, the pursuit of certainty may not allow for sufficient differentiation between different circumstances. Justice may modify this problem, but only by introducing uncertainty. Such an account may be thought so familiar as hardly to be worth recounting. Yet this paper seeks to challenge this dichotomy by suggesting that it is the product of a very peculiar combination of perspectives. Philosophically, the dichotomy is problematic only to legal positivism and allied schools of thought. Even then, it presents difficulties only if viewed from a particular temporal perspective as well: that is, after the events in question have already taken place and have become known.It is argued that this combination of perspectives is singularly unhelpful. It fails to provide any sort of systematic explanation for a very large number of cases, preferring instead to dismiss them as 'policy decisions'. Such dismissal is not so much an explanation as an abdication of explanation. This paper suggests that, if we move from an ex post facto positivistic perspective to one that takes an ex ante approach which focuses on the predictability of risk, then not only does the certainty-justice dilemma cease to be problematic; it also provides a much more plausible and persuasive account of the case law.
Currents and flows in distant magnetospheres

Space scientists have explored, described, and explained the terrestrial magnetosphere for four decades. Rarely do they point out that the planetary and solar wind parameters controlling the size, shape, and activity of Earth's magnetosphere map out only a small portion of the space of dimensionless parameters that govern magnetospheric properties. With the discovery of Ganymede's magnetosphere, the range of parameters relevant to magnetospheric studies has grown by orders of magnitude. Consider the extremes of Ganymede's and Jupiter's magnetospheres. Jupiter's magnetosphere forms within a plasma flowing at super-Alfvenic speed, whereas Ganymede's forms in a sub-Alfvenic flow. The scale sizes of these magnetospheres, characterized by distances to the magnetopause of order 7x10(exp 6) km and 5x10(exp 3) km, respectively, differ by three orders of magnitude, ranging from 100 to 0.1 times the scale of Earth's magnetosphere. The current systems that control the structure and dynamics of a magnetosphere depend on specific plasma and field properties. Magnetopause currents at Ganymede differ greatly from the forms familiar for Earth and Jupiter, principally because the Mach number of the ambient plasma flow greatly influences the shape of the magnetosphere. A magnetodisk current, present at Jupiter because of its rapid rotation, is absent at Earth and Ganymede. The ring current, extensively investigated at Earth, is probably unimportant at Ganymede because the dynamical variations of the external flow are slow. The ring current is subsumed within the magnetodisk current at Jupiter. This paper describes and contrasts aspects of these and other current systems for the three bodies.
Disorders of Bilirubin Metabolism

Bilirubin is the end product of degradation of the heme moiety of hemoproteins. Hemoglobin, derived from senescent erythrocytes, is the major source of bilirubin. Significant fractions are also derived from other hemoproteins of liver and other organs. Historically, hyperbilirubinemia has attracted the attention of clinicians as a marker of liver dysfunction. Subsequently, the studies of bilirubin chemistry, synthesis, transport, metabolism, distribution, and excretion have provided important insights into the transport, metabolism, and excretion of biologically important organic anions, particularly those with limited aqueous solubility. Bilirubin is potentially toxic, but is normally rendered harmless by tight binding to albumin, and rapid detoxification and excretion by the liver. Patients with very high levels of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia are at risk for bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus). Kernicterus is found in some cases of severe neonatal jaundice and in inherited disorders associated with severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. This chapter provides a brief review of bilirubin metabolism and its inherited disorders. N. Roy Chowdhury: Department of Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461. I. M. Arias: Departments of Physiology and Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111. A. W. Wolkoff: Departments of Medicine and Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461-1602. J. Roy Chowdhury: Department of Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Liver Center; Department of Medicine, Jack D. Weiler Hospital of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461. Fate of Bilirubin in the Gastrointestinal Tract 296 Alternative Routes of Bilirubin Elimination 297 Antioxidant Property of Bilirubin 297
The diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance venography in the detection of deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim To search the literature for further evidence for the use of magnetic resonance venography (MRV) in the detection of suspected DVT and to re-evaluate the accuracy of MRV in the detection of suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Materials and methods PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched. Study quality and the risk of bias were evaluated using the QUADAS 2. A random effects meta-analysis including subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results The search resulted in 23 observational studies all from academic centres. Sixteen articles were included in the meta-analysis. The summary estimates for MRV as a diagnostic non-invasive tool revealed a sensitivity of 93% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 89% to 95%) and specificity of 96% (95% CI: 94% to 97%). The heterogeneity of the studies was high. Inconsistency (I2) for sensitivity and specificity was 80.7% and 77.9%, respectively. Conclusion Further studies investigating the use of MRV in the detection of suspected DVT did not offer further evidence to support the replacement of ultrasound with MRV as the first-line investigation. However, MRV may offer an alternative tool in the detection/diagnosis of DVT for whom ultrasound is inadequate or not feasible (such as in the obese patient).
A pipelined 650 MHz GaAs 8 K ROM with translation logic

The first commercially available GaAs 8 K ROM has been designed and manufactured using GigaBit Logic's 3-level metal E/D (enhancement/depletion) MESFET process. The worst-case clock frequency of 650 MHz has been obtained with a power dissipation of 3.5 W. The ROM is organized as 1 K*8 bits, and on-chip translation logic enables the ROM to have an effective 4 K*8 resolution when used as a sine look-up table. The ECL-compatible ROM is packaged in a standard 40-pin package. The pipeline architecture with a delayed internal clock scheme provides fast operation with maximum data valid time at the output of the ROM. The E/D MESFET process, architecture, circuit design, and test results are outlined. >
High‐Speed Cell Sorting

Publisher Summary High-speed cell sorters are currently available from a handful of manufacturers with varying specifications, capabilities, facility requirements, and user interfaces. The purchase of any one particular instrument will depend on the desires of individual laboratories and should come after careful consideration of these differences. Successful high-speed cell sorting requires both careful preparation of the sample to be studied and maintenance of the instrument being used. In most cases, the upkeep of electronics, lasers, deflexion plates, software, and other hardware is left to service professionals, while alignment of optics and maintenance of fluidics and associated systems remain the purview of the user. Attaching an empty sample tube and sheath container to the sorter and pressurizing each for a brief period can accomplish air drying of the sample and sheath lines. The tubing and the sheath containers should be stored dry in a clean place. To separate the desired fraction of cells, an electrical charge may be applied to the droplets containing cells of interest as they separate from the main jet. In this manner, droplets with different cell types are directed toward collection vials by a static electrical field.
On Extreme Points of Convex Compact Turing Located Set

We are interested in determining the effective content of the Krein-Milman theorem. In this paper we discuss the finite dimensional case. We design an algorithm,(Algorithm E) to locate the set of extreme points of a convex compact Turing located set K ⫅Rq. A sequence of approximating convex hulls for K is computed. Several lemmas about the extreme points of a convex compact set K are proved to guarantee the correctness of the algorithm. The condition that K is Turing located is necessary for the success of Algorithm E, that is, Algorithm E is effective if and only if K is Turing located. Algorithm E ia an effective version of the finite dimensinal Krein-Milman Theorem. A sequel will investigate the effective content of the KreinMilman theorem in effectively presented metric spaces.
Modified dynamic anti‐windup through deferral of activation

SUMMARY We consider the dynamic anti-windup design problem for linear systems with saturating actuators. The basic idea proposed here is to apply anti-windup only when the performance of saturated system faces substantial degradation. We provide synthesis LMIs to obtain the gains of the dynamic anti-windup compensator in a structure that delays the activation of the anti-windup. Benefits of the proposed design method over the immediate activation of the anti-windup are demonstrated using a well-known example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current perioperative practice patterns for minimizing surgical site infection during rhinologic procedures

Background There is a paucity of information in the literature regarding the best practices to reduce surgical site infections associated with rhinologic surgery. Methods We surveyed the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) membership to assess current perioperative infection control measures performed for rhinologic procedures, with the goal of establishing a baseline of current practice. Results Results revealed that for most rhinologic procedures performed in the operating room (OR) setting, the majority of physicians gown and drape in a sterile fashion and perform a complete surgical scrub of their hands and forearms but do not prep the facial skin with an antimicrobial agent. For rhinologic procedures performed in the office setting, the majority of physicians do not perform any of the aforementioned perioperative measures for any of the office procedures. Interestingly, for physicians that perform inferior turbinate reductions in both settings, 45% gown and drape in a sterile fashion and 28% perform a complete surgical scrub of their hands in the OR setting but not in the office setting. The most stringent measures were performed for endoscopic skull-base procedures, with over 90% of responders administering perioperative antibiotics, gowning and draping in a sterile fashion, and performing a complete surgical scrub of their hands. Despite lack of demonstrated benefit, antibiotics were used variably for the other procedures. Conclusion This survey demonstrates that there is great variability in the perioperative measures rhinologists perform to reduce surgical site infection, which differs by the practice site. These data serve as a baseline for future studies.
Parametric optimization of a four-link close-chain manipulator with active and passive actuators

We investigate the problem of optimization of motion laws and design parameters of a four-link manipulator with a closed-chain kinematic structure. The manipulator performs cyclic transfer operations in a horizontal plane under the action of active and passive (springs and dampers) actuators. As a minimization criterion, we take a quadratic (with respect to control moments of forces) functional. An algorithm is proposed for constructing a suboptimal solution of the formulated problem based on parametrization of the generalized coordinates of the manipulator with a family of given functions and on the use of numerical procedures of mathematical programming.
Cascaded optical transparency in multimode-cavity optomechanical systems

Optical delay is essential to classical and quantum optical communication. Here, the authors realize prolonged optical delay with cascaded of electromagnetically induced transparency by integrating phonon–phonon and optomechanical coupling in a single on-chip device.
Abstract 682: Increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 expression is associated with shorter survival in breast cancer patients

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is an essential regulator of fatty acid synthesis that affects cell membrane composition and may play a role in cancer cell metabolism. We have previously shown that SCD1 expression is increased by mTOR signaling and that SCD1 increases breast cancer cell growth in vitro. The purpose of this study was to determine protein levels of SCD1 in breast cancer and to determine whether there is an association between SCD1 levels and survival. Fine needle aspirates were collected from the primary breast cancers of 253 patients with Stage I-III breast cancer and protein lysates were prepared. SCD1 expression was analyzed using reverse phase proteomic array. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics including age, ethnicity, menopausal status, clinical stage, tumor grade, and tumor subtype were reviewed. Samples were divided into high or low SCD1 levels based on a cut-off determined from martingale residual plots and regression tree analysis. SCD1 levels were significantly higher in older patients and lower in triple negative (estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 negative) cancers, After adjusting for tumor subtype, tumor grade, age, and clinical stage, patients who had high SCD1 levels had significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) (p=0.013) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.038). SCD1 level varies by breast cancer subtype and predicts significantly shorter RFS and OS. Future studies are needed to define the role of SCD1 in breast cancer and evaluate its potential as a therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 682. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-682
Effects of Minimal Group Promotion on Cohesion and Exercise Adherence

A large fitness center was used to test a brief group warm-up/cool-down program’s effect on perceptions of cohesion, exercise attendance, and dropout. Healthy adult participants were randomly assig...
Determination of dissolved boron in fresh, estuarine, and geothermal waters by d.c. argon-plasma emission spectrometry

Abstract A d.c. argon-plasma emission spectrometer is used to determine dissolved boron in natural (fresh and estuarine) water samples. Concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 250 mg l -1 . The emission—concentration function is linear from 0.02 to 1000 mg l -1 . Achievement of a relative standard deviation of ⩽ 3% requires frequent restandardization to offset sensitivity changes. Dilution may be necessary to overcome high and variable electron density caused by differences in alkali-metal content and to avoid quenching of the plasma by high solute concentrations of sodium and other easily ionized elements. The proposed method was tested against a reference method and found to be more sensitive, equally or more precise and accurate, less subject to interferences, with a wider linear analytical range than the carmine method. Analyses of standard reference samples yielded results in all cases within one standard deviation of the means.
Catastrophe theory: An application to a business cycle model

This paper examines the discontinuity conditions of equilibria in singular economies. A parameterized differential equation system is used to describe business cycles. It is shown that the qualitative behavior of the system is sensitive to particular parameters and cusp catastrophes may occur.
Pediatricians' Self-Reported Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices about Child Passenger Safety

Objective To evaluate pediatricians' self-reported knowledge, attitudes, and dissemination practices regarding the new American Academy of Pediatrics' (AAP) child passenger safety (CPS) policy recommendations. Study design A cross-sectional survey was distributed to pediatric primary care physicians via AAP e-mail distribution lists. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to current AAP CPS recommendations and the revised policy statement were ascertained. Results There were 718 respondents from 3497 physicians with active e-mail addresses, resulting in a 20.5% response rate, of which 533 were eligible based on the initial survey question. All 6 CPS knowledge and scenario-based items were answered correctly by 52.9% of the sample; these respondents were identified as the "high knowledge" group. Pediatricians with high knowledge were more likely to be female ( P P = .03), and have a child between 4 and 7 years of age ( P = .001). CPS information was distributed more frequently at routine health visits for patients 0-2 years of age vs those 4-12 years of age. Those with high knowledge were less likely to report several specific barriers to dissemination of CPS information, more likely to allot adequate time and discuss CPS with parents, and had greater confidence for topics related to all CPS topics. Conclusions Although CPS knowledge is generally high among respondents, gaps in knowledge still exist. Knowledge is associated with attitudes, practices, barriers, and facilitators of CPS guideline dissemination. These results identify opportunities to increase knowledge and implement strategies to routinely disseminate CPS information in the primary care setting.
Change of spatial information under rescaling: A case study using multi-resolution image series

Spatial structure in imagery depends on a complicated interaction between the observational regime and the types and arrangements of entities within the scene that the image portrays. Although block averaging of pixels has commonly been used to simulate coarser resolution imagery, relatively little attention has been focused on the effects of simple rescaling on spatial structure and the explanation and a possible solution to the problem. Yet, if there are significant differences in spatial variance between rescaled and observed images, it may affect the reliability of retrieved biogeophysical quantities. To investigate these issues, a nested series of high spatial resolution digital imagery was collected at a research site in eastern Nebraska in 2001. An airborne Kodak DCS420IR camera acquired imagery at three altitudes, yielding nominal spatial resolutions ranging from 0.187 m to 1 m. The red and near infrared (NIR) bands of the co-registered image series were normalized using pseudo-invariant features, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated. Plots of grain sorghum planted in orthogonal crop row orientations were extracted from the image series. The finest spatial resolution data were then rescaled by averaging blocks of pixels to produce a rescaled image series that closely matched the spatial resolution of the observed image series. Spatial structures of the observed and rescaled image series were characterized using semivariogram analysis. Results for NDVI and its component bands show, as expected, that decreasing spatial resolution leads to decreasing spatial variability and increasing spatial dependence. However, compared to the observed data, the rescaled images contain more persistent spatial structure that exhibits limited variation in both spatial dependence and spatial heterogeneity. Rescaling via simple block averaging fails to consider the effect of scene object shape and extent on spatial information. As the features portrayed by pixels are equally weighted regardless of the shape and extent of the underlying scene objects, the rescaled image retains more of the original spatial information than would occur through direct observation at a coarser sensor spatial resolution. In contrast, for the observed images, due to the effect of the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the imaging system, high frequency features like edges are blurred or lost as the pixel size increases, resulting in greater variation in spatial structure. Successive applications of a low-pass spatial convolution filter are shown to mimic a MTF. Accordingly, it is recommended that such a procedure be applied prior to rescaling by simple block averaging, if insufficient image metadata exist to replicate the net MTF of the imaging system, as might be expected in land cover change analysis studies using historical imagery.
Chemical vapor deposition of doped TiO2 thin films

Abstract Niobium-, tantalum- and fluorine-doped TiO 2 films were made by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition from titanium alkoxides mixed with niobium ethoxide, tantalum ethoxide and t -butyl fluoride respectively. 4% H 2 in N 2 was used as the carrier gas and the deposition temperatures were in the range 400–600°C. The resistivities of the films increased dramatically with film thickness. For highly doped films 1 μm thick resistivities as low as 0.01 Ω cm were achieved.
High-speed charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging stellar photometer.

A photometer has been designed and built for the study of rapid photometric variations in a variety of astronomical objects. The photometer uses a CCD in its image storage mode to achieve relatively rapid readouts and to provide continuous, simultaneous monitoring of multiple stars and sky.
Surface fictive temperature of silica optical fibers

Fictive temperatures of an optical fiber surface were measured using IR reflection spectroscopy with a microscope attachment. The measurement was possible because the IR peak wavenumber of the silica structural band exhibited a good correlation with the fictive temperature of silica glasses. The fictive temperature of the silica optical fiber surface was extremely high, higher than that of the interior of the fiber by several hundred degree(s)C. On the other hand, during the fiber drawing, the temperature difference between the surface and interior of the fiber is estimated to be small, approximately 10 degree(s)C, and the difference in cooling rate between the fiber surface and interior is considered negligible. The observed high fictive temperature of the fiber surface was attributed to the high tensile stress of the surface layer during the fiber drawing.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Retroviruses of fish

Abstract Thirteen retroviruses are currently known to be associated with proliferative conditions in fish. In addition, one report of retroviruses in piscine cell cultures has been made. The proliferative lesions seen in fish are considered to be of retroviral origin based on the visualization of C-type viral particles in the lesions. Most of the retroviruses have not been cultivated in cell culture and, with the exception of five, transmission of the tumors under experimental conditions has not been demonstrated. The experimental methods of contemporary molecular biology have been applied to the characterization of only four of the retroviruses found in fish. A description of these retroviruses of fish is provided in this review.
A queue buffer management algorithm based on traffic prediction in DiffServ architecture

In the DiffServ architecture, a queue buffer management algorithm-PARIO-C algorithm based on traffic prediction was proposed. The algorithm used Recursive Least Squares (RLS) method to predict the change of average queue length in the network, and combined Adaptive Random Early Detection (ARED) algorithm to adjust the parameter adaptively, thus achieved better control of network congestion. Experimental comparison with Random Early Detection with In/Out and Couple queue (RIO-C) algorithm on latency, jitter, packet loss rate, the results show that PARIO-C algorithm lower the scope of network jitter, and reduce the network latency and packet loss rate, so improve network QoS to a certain extent.
Immunologic aspects of lung cancer.

CHEST, 71: 5, MAY, 1977 of tumors of the lung. Lastly, immunotherapy may be of benefit in tumors of the lung, both in the induction of remission when the burden of tumor is small and also in the prolongation of remission following conventional therapy. Each of these methods is being explored in an attempt to provide an increased number of remissions and significant prolongation in the quality of life for patients with cancer of the lung.
Studying ocean acidification with conservative, stable numerical schemes for nonequilibrium air‐ocean exchange and ocean equilibrium chemistry

[1] A noniterative, implicit, mass-conserving, unconditionally stable, positive-definite numerical scheme that solves nonequilibrium air-ocean transfer equations for any atmospheric constituent and time step is derived. The method, referred to as the Ocean Predictor of Dissolution (OPD) scheme, is coupled with EQUISOLV O, a new ocean chemical equilibrium module based on the EQUISOLV II atmospheric aerosol solver. EQUISOLV O converges iteratively, but is unique because it is positive-definite and mass and charge conserving, regardless of the number of iterations taken or equations solved. Two advancements of EQUISOLV O were the development of a new method to initialize charge and a noniterative solution to the water dissociation equation. Here OPD-EQUISOLV O is used to calculate air and ocean composition and ocean pH among dozens of species in the Na-Cl-Mg-Ca-K-H-O-Li-Sr-C-S-N-Br-F-B-Si-P system. The modules are first used in a one-dimensional ocean/two-compartment atmospheric model driven by emission to examine the historic change in atmospheric CO2 and ocean composition from 1751 to 2004 and the possible future change in CO2 and ocean composition from 2004 to 2104. CO2 estimates from the historic simulation compare well with the measured CO2 record. Whereas surface ocean pH is estimated to have dropped from near 8.25 to near 8.14 between 1751 and 2004, it is forecasted to decrease to near 7.85 in 2100 under the SRES A1B emission scenario, for a factor of 2.5 increase in H+ in 2100 relative to 1751. This “ocean acidification” is calculated to cause a nontrivial transfer of ammonia from the atmosphere to the ocean and a smaller transfer of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfurous acids from the ocean to the atmosphere. The existence and direction of these feedbacks are almost certain, suggesting that CO2 buildup may have an additional impact on ecosystems. Computer time of the module in the GATOR-GCMOM global model with a 10-layer-ocean was less than two hours per simulation year on a modern single processor.
Stability results for difference equations of volterra type

The stability of difference equations of Volterra type is discussed. For this purpose, a method of finding a linear equation equivalent to a given difference equation of Volterra type is considered. Employing this technique, some stability properties of linear and nonlinear equations are investigated.
Simplified Assay for Gentamicin in the Presence of Other Antibiotics

Gentamicin concentration was estimated by using a clinical isolate of a multiple antibiotic-resistant strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis in an agar well diffusion assay. The presence of clinically attainable concentrations of cephalothin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, clindamycin, or chloramphenicol did not affect the assay.
Technical procedures for recovery and evaluation of chemical spills on tundra

Abstract Prior to the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989, arctic and subarctic spill response was in its infancy, and documented research into the environmental consequences of terrestrial spills in cold regions was scarce. Spills to tundra most often result from oil exploration and pipeline transport of fuels, the preponderance of documented spills having been crude oil and refined petroleum products, and the occasional spill of saline water or synthetic fluids. In their present state, North American tundra treatment guidelines generally describe the response and cleanup methods applicable to petroleum-related spills; adequate recovery methods for acid-mixture spills on tundra have not been developed. This paper describes the lessons learned from an acid/xylene spill that occurred in the central Arctic Coastal Plain of Alaska (North Slope) in October 2001. Recovery (response and cleanup) methods are developed and site characterization is discussed with consideration for sampling and analysis plan design, potential problems with standard analytical testing methods, and an alternative approach to assessing contamination in frozen ground.
Formation of Metal Colloids in Inverse Micelles and Microemulsions

Gold colloidal suspensions are produced from both inverse micelle solutions and microemulsions through both chemical and photolytic reduction of the appropriate salt. A variety of surfactant/solvent combinations yield varying results with respect to metalloid growth kinetics and stability as revealed through dynamic light scattering, small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering, and transmission electron microscopy.
Policies to deal with multimodal transport emissions: a system-of-systems approach

The complex and uncertain nature of dealing with multimodal transport emissions generates a need for appropriate methodology to support informed decision making. This paper presents a system-of-systems (SoS) approach that takes into account the complexity of a policy problem stemming from the interactions of multiple actors and technological artifacts. We discuss some SoS characteristics such as actor operational and managerial independency, the hierarchical and horizontal network of interdependencies among actors and artifacts, the emergent SoS behavior, and the presence of multiple sets of solutions for achieving an SoS objective. We illustrate such characteristics via the problem of assessing the carbon emission impact of on-demand air service and automobiles. Some preliminary results are presented regarding the impact of alternative fuels on carbon emissions.
14-MeV neutron irradiation of copper alloys

Abstract Copper and copper alloys with 5 atomic percent of either aluminum, nickel or manganese were irradiated at 25°C with 14-MeV neutrons to a fluence of 3 × 10 21 n/m 2 . Resistivity, microhardness and electron microscopy were used to characterize the radiation damage. Using a lognormal distribution to describe the defect cluster size distribution, good agreement was found between resistivity estimates of the cluster density and the observed (TEM) density. At least 11% of the defects created during the irradiation escape correlated recombination.
Gene evolution in the chicken β-globin cluster

Abstract We have determined the cDNA sequence of the chicken embryonic β-like ϵ-globin gene. Comparison with the sequences of the chicken ρ-globin and β-globin genes reveals the presence of two regions that are identical or nearly identical in ϵ and ρ. The first contains the 5′ untranslated sequence and exon 1, while the second region includes the second half of axon 2. Outside these regions ρ and ϵ are less homologous to each other than to the adult β-globin gene. The embryonic ρ and ϵ genes are located at opposite ends of the β-globin-gene cluster, not contiguously as are all other known pairs of simultaneously expressed globin genes. We suggest a role for gene conversion in the synchronization of expression of two highly diverged genes.