cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Early Discontinuation of Radiation Therapy: An Analysis of the National Cancer Database

Purpose/Objective(s) Radiation courses generally involve multiple visits over the course of weeks, depending on the disease site and treatment technique. Therefore, radiation therapy (RT) may be discontinued prior to planned treatment completion. The purpose of this analysis is to identify any clinical or socioeconomic factors that could serve as predictors of RT discontinuation. Materials/Methods Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB) data from 2017, we identified 7,561 cases treated with RT, chemoradiation (CRT), surgery with RT (S+RT), or surgery with CRT (S+CRT) that had information on radiation discontinuation. The variables that we assessed include age (18- Results Of the 7,561 patients with information on RT discontinuation, 7,349 (97.2%) patients completed RT, whereas RT was discontinued in 212 (2.8%) patients. The reasons for discontinuation are shown in Table 1. Patients who are 70+ years old (3.7%, P = 0.008), male (3.4%, P = 0.014), Black (3.2%, P = 0.030), Medicaid/uninsured (3.9%, P Conclusion In this NCDB analysis, both clinical and socioeconomic characteristics, including age, gender, race, insurance status, income level, comorbidities, treatment type, and disease site, correlated with RT discontinuation rates. While toxicity of treatment was reported, patient decision was the most common reason for RT discontinuation. Table 1. Reasons for RT discontinuation (N = 212).
Best Practices and Web Practices: Comparing Corporate Supplier Diversity Programs with Web-based JMinority Supplier Content

The growing use of the Web for business-to-business transactions means corporate Web sites could be used to communicate with diverse suppliers. This study compares the Web-based supplier diversity content on Fortune 500 public sites with the content of off-line minority supplier programs. Web sites are underused for communicating with diverse suppliers, as the content appears on only 12.5% of the sites. They emphasize information publishing because the most common Web-based supplier diversity items are contact information, such as a title and name, and third-party certification. Web-based supplier diversity content, however, is very similar to off-line diversity program content.
Seize the Dance! BaAka Musical Life and the Ethnography of Performance

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Michelle Kisliuk Year: 1998 Pages: xiv + 241 Details: includes 2 CDs Publisher: Oxford University Press Prices: $55.00 US (hard cover).
Identifying collaborative innovation capabilities within knowledge‐intensive environments

Purpose – This article aims to identify the capabilities supporting the development of collaborative innovation within knowledge‐intensive environments.Design/methodology/approach – Re‐considering the history of the ARPANET project as a vivid example of collaborative innovation, the article presents qualitative research from a historical case.Findings – Within this framework, the article shows that benefiting from collaboration in innovation entails that the innovative organisation is capable of achieving (at least) the following tasks: to leverage complementarities between internal and external sources of innovation (design capability); to codify, capitalise and disseminate knowledge outcomes (knowledge management capability); and to align product and organisations in a dynamic way (adaptive governance capability).Research limitations/implications – This contribution is limited by looking at a single case. On the premise that model generalization depends on extensive empirical data, the current article s...
Sensitivity analysis for DEA models: An empirical example using public vs. NFP hospitals

Abstract The research presented here applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to a sample of public (government-owned) and not-for-profit hospitals operating in Michigan in 1982. The focus of this research is twofold. First, assessing the relative efficiency between these two ownership types using the DEA rather than cost or profit functions can add insights into the production practices of these two ownership forms of hospitals. Second, testing the sensitivity of the DEA will add credence to this approach and resulting measures. Ten different specifications of the DEA are employed to test the sensitivity of the model.
Efficient Privacy Preserving Protocols for Similarity Join

During the similarity join process, one or more sources may not allow sharing its data with other sources. In this case, a privacy preserving similarity join is required. We showed in our previous work [4] that using long attributes, such as paper abstracts, movie summaries, product descriptions, and user feedbacks, could improve the similarity join accuracy using supervised learning. However, the existing secure protocols for similarity join methods can not be used to join sources using these long attributes. Moreover, the majority of the existing privacyâpreserving protocols do not consider the semantic similarities during the similarity join process. In this paper, we introduce a secure efficient protocol to semantically join sources when the join attributes are long attributes. We provide two secure protocols for both scenarios when a training set exists and when there is no available training set. Furthermore, we introduced the multiâlabel supervised secure protocol and the expandable supervised secure protocol. Results show that our protocols can efficiently join sources using the long attributes by considering the semantic relationships among the long string values. Therefore, it improves the overall secure similarity join performance.
Short- and Long-Latency Contributions to Reciprocal Inhibition During Various Levels of Muscle Contraction of Individuals With Cerebral Palsy

Deficits in reciprocal inhibition likely contribute to excessive antagonist muscle cocontraction during voluntary movements of individuals with cerebral palsy. This study examined neural contributions to reciprocal inhibition of the soleus motoneurons of individuals with spastic, diplegic cerebral palsy and nondisabled individuals during various levels of voluntary tibialis anterior contraction. A condition-test H-reflex paradigm examined short- and long-latency contributions to reciprocal inhibition of soleus neural pools during changing levels of voluntary tibialis anterior contraction. Electrically induced short- and long-latency inhibition was similar between healthy, neurologically intact control subjects and subjects with cerebral palsy during rest. With increasing levels of tibialis anterior contraction, control subjects experienced increasing levels of soleus motoneuron inhibition, especially of long-latency inhibitory responses. In contrast, there was no evidence of modulation of short- or long-latency inhibition with increasing levels of tibialis anterior contraction among subjects with cerebral palsy. Deficits in long-latency (presynaptic) inhibition appear to contribute prominently to voluntary movement impairment of individuals with cerebral palsy.
Cystatin-C levels in healthy children and adolescents: Influence of age, gender, body mass index and blood pressure.

Abstract Objectives Cystatin-C is considered a more sensitive and specific marker of kidney function than creatinine since it can diagnose patients with earlier-stage of renal dysfunction. The aim of this study is to determine the levels of Cystatin-C in healthy children and adolescents as well as any correlations to age, gender, body-mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP). Design and methods Cystatin-C was measured in 536 healthy Greek children and adolescents (295 males and 241 females) using a nephelometric immunoassay. Additionally, the age, body mass index and blood pressure was recorded for each subject. Results Overall, the mean serum Cystatin-C level was 0.79 ± 0.10 mg/L. Cystatin-C was found to be statistically significantly lower in females than in males (p Conclusions The levels of Cystatin-C were statistically significantly higher in males, compared to age-matched females and also positively correlated with age and BMI.
Expanding Counseling Services Through a Collaborative Practicum-Based Resource

Abstract This article notes the growing challenges for college counseling centers. One solution to these challenges is described as a collaborative initiative designed to actively help university students presenting a range of personal problems with a practicum-based service.
Demographic Trends, the Wildland–Urban Interface, and Wildfire Management

In this article, we provide an overview of the demographic trends that have impacted and will continue to impact the “wicked” wildfire management problem in the United States, with particular attention to the emergence of the wildland–urban interface (WUI). Although population growth has had an impact on the emergence of the WUI, the deconcentration of population and housing, amenity-driven population growth in select nonmetropolitan counties, and interregional population shifts to the West and Southeast have had and will continue to have much greater impacts. In the coming decades, we can expect the retirement of the baby boom generation to exacerbate these trends.
Flutter Perception in Normal Listeners

A total of 150 normal, adult males classified into five age groups was tested for the auditory flutter frequency threshold by a method of limits. The five variables employed in the study were: age,...
Applying the Science of Learning: Evidence-Based Principles for the Design of Multimedia Instruction

During the last 100 years, a major accomplishment of psychology has been the development of a science of learning aimed at understanding how people learn. In attempting to apply the science of learning, a central challenge of psychology and education is the development of a science of instruction aimed at understanding how to present material in ways that help people learn. The author provides an overview of how the design of multimedia instruction can be informed by the science of learning and the science of instruction, which yields 10 principles of multimedia instructional design that are grounded in theory and based on evidence. Overall, the relationship between the science of learning and the science of instruction is reciprocal.
Diagnosis of congenital syphilis from placental examination: Comparison of histopathology, steiner stain, and polymerase chain reaction for Treponema pallidum DNA

Congenital syphilis is often a presumptive diagnosis (based on serologies), because confirmation requires identification of Treponema pallidum in fetal/neonatal tissues or in the placenta. Placental histological features associated with congenital syphilis include the triad of enlarged hypercellular villi, proliferative fetal vascular changes, and acute or chronic villitis. The authors blindly evaluated 49 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded placentas (38 with positive maternal syphilis serologies; 11 with negative serologies) and compared results of histology, Steiner stain, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for T pallidum DNA. Histology was categorized as positive (triad present), suspicious (two thirds of triad present), or negative. Treponemal DNA was detected by amplifying a 189 base pair region of the 47 kd treponemal membrane antigen with 44 cycles of PCR; products were detected by Southern blot. Placentas from the 11 seronegative mothers were all negative by histology, Steiner stain, and PCR. Among the 38 placentas from serologically positive mothers, 4 had positive histology (2 of 4 positive Steiner, 4 of 4 positive PCR); 6 had suggestive histology (0 of 6 positive Steiner; 1 of 6 positive PCR); and, 28 had negative histology (0 of 28 positive Steiner; 1 of 28 positive PCR). PCR identification of treponemal DNA was significantly associated with the triad (P = .0003), proliferative fetal vascular changes (P = .0003), acute villitis (P = .003), chronic villitis (P = .004), and spirochetes on Steiner stain (P = .01). These results (1) confirm a strong association between placental histopathologic features and congenital syphilis; (2) indicate that when such features are present, PCR of placental tissue may confirm the diagnosis of congenital syphilis; and (3) suggest that even when such features are absent, PCR of placental tissue may identify additional cases of histologically unsuspected congenital syphilis.
Identification of the gin protein of bacteriophage Mu

Abstract The Mu gin function catalyzes a site-specific intramolecular recombination event which leads to the inversion of the Mu G segment. Here we report the subcloning of the gin gene next to the strong lac promoter carried on a multicopy plasmid. Comparison of the protein patterns of Gin + recombinant plasmids with the protein patterns of Gin − plasmids derived by in vitro mutagenesis allowed identification of the gin product as a protein of molecular weight 21,500.
Hydrocarbon Liquid Production via Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Phenolic Oils Fractionated from Fast Pyrolysis of Red Oak and Corn Stover

Phenolic oils were produced from fast pyrolysis of two different biomass feedstocks, red oak and corn stover, and evaluated in hydroprocessing tests for production of liquid hydrocarbon products. The phenolic oils were produced with a bio-oil fractionating process in combination with a simple water wash of the heavy ends from the fractionating process. Phenolic oils derived from the pyrolysis of red oak and corn stover were recovered with yields (wet biomass basis) of 28.7 and 14.9 wt %, respectively, and 54.3% and 60.0% on a carbon basis. Both precious metal catalysts and sulfided base metal catalyst were evaluated for hydrotreating the phenolic oils, as an extrapolation from whole bio-oil hydrotreatment. They were effective in removing heteroatoms with carbon yields as high as 81% (unadjusted for the 90% carbon balance). There was substantial heteroatom removal with residual O of only 0.4% to 5%, while N and S were reduced to less than 0.05%. Use of the precious metal catalysts resulted in more saturate...
A Trinuclear EMAC-Type Molecular Wire with Redox-Active Ferrocenylacetylide “Alligator Clips” Attached

Reaction of lithium ferrocenylacetylide (LiFcA) with [Co3(dpa)4(NCCH3)2](PF6)2 (dpa = 2,2‘-dipyridylamide) in acetonitrile solution yields the bis-ferrocenylacetylide EMAC (extended metal atom chain) Co3(dpa)4(FcA)2 in good yield and excellent purity. The crystal structure features a distinctly unsymmetrical tricobalt chain with a Co−Co bond distance of 2.3091(8) A and a longer Co···Co separation of 2.5208(9) A. Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry show that the two Fe2+/3+ oxidations occur nearly simultaneously, with a ΔE1/2 of 71 mV.
Mars' upper atmosphere and ionosphere at low, medium, and high solar activities: Implications for evolution of water

[1] Self-consistent models for 11 neutral and 18 ion species from 80 to 300 km on Mars have been developed by solving the continuity equations including ambipolar diffusion for ions. The models were calculated for the conditions of the HST, FUSE, and Mariner 6 and 7 observations of D, H2, and H, respectively, when the solar activity index was equal to 25, 61, and 88 at Mars orbit, respectively. Special care was taken to simulate the processes of H2 and HD dissociation in the reactions with CO2+, O+, CO+, N2+, N+, Ar+, and O(1D) and by photoelectrons. Thermal and nonthermal escape velocities were used as the upper boundary conditions for H2, H, HD, D, and He. The H2 and HD mixing ratios of 15 ppm and 11 ppb chosen to fit the FUSE and HST observations of H2 and D, respectively, result in (HD/H2)/(HDO/H2O) = 0.4. This value agrees with the depletion of D in H2 because of the smaller HDO photolysis cross section and the preferential condensation of HDO above the condensation level. Therefore the controversial problem of deuterium fractionation is solved throughout the atmosphere. The influx of cometary water was ≈0.5 m planetwide in the last 3.8 billion years. It cannot affect the estimates of more than 30 m of water lost by sputtering and nonthermal and thermal escape and more than 1.3 km of water lost in the reaction with iron with subsequent hydrodynamic escape of H2. The calculated ion density profiles at various solar activity and the column reaction rates provide complete quantitative information for behavior of each ion, its formation, and its loss. The HCO+ ion is abundant in Mars' ionosphere because it is a final product of many reactions of other ions with H2 and does not react with neutral species.
Identification of the TRiC/CCT Substrate Binding Sites Uncovers the Function of Subunit Diversity in Eukaryotic Chaperonins

The ring-shaped hetero-oligomeric chaperonin TRiC/CCT uses ATP to fold a diverse subset of eukaryotic proteins. To define the basis of TRiC/CCT substrate recognition, we mapped the chaperonin interactions with the VHL tumor suppressor. VHL has two well-defined TRiC binding determinants. Each determinant contacts a specific subset of chaperonin subunits, indicating that TRiC paralogs exhibit distinct but overlapping specificities. The substrate binding site in these subunits localizes to a helical region in the apical domains that is structurally equivalent to that of bacterial chaperonins. Transferring the distal portion of helix 11 between TRiC subunits suffices to transfer specificity for a given substrate motif. We conclude that the architecture of the substrate binding domain is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotic and bacterial chaperonins. The unique combination of specificity and plasticity in TRiC substrate binding may diversify the range of motifs recognized by this chaperonin and contribute to its unique ability to fold eukaryotic proteins.
Evaluability assessment for engineering educators: Pre-conference workshop proposal and outline

Evaluability assessment (EA) is used to determine the readiness of a program for outcome evaluation. For engineering educators, obtaining meaningful outcome evaluation findings can be illusive. Determining whether a program is ready for such an evaluation, has critical importance, particularly as expectations for engineering education programs to have real impact, continue to increase. EA use is on the rise internationally with vibrancy in its application across a wide variety of disciplines and programs. Its use has expanded to include formative evaluation, implementation assessment, evaluation planning, program development, and technical assistance. EA is also being used to increase stakeholder involvement, understand program culture and context, and facilitate organizational learning and evaluation capacity building. However, there continues to be ambiguity and uncertainty about the method. Although several EA models exist, the essential elements of EA include stakeholder involvement, developing a program theory, gathering feedback on program theory, and using the EA. In this workshop, a modern model of EA will be presented that incorporates the essential elements of EA with current evaluation theory and practice. The components of this model include: (1) focusing the EA, (2) developing an initial program theory, (3) gathering feedback on program theory, and (4) and using the EA. Participants will learn the "What, Why, and How" of EA; specifically: What: Participants will learn the essential elements of EA and how they are incorporated in the EA model presented. Why: Participants will learn the important benefits and advantages of conducting an EA. How: Participants will learn how to implement the EA model presented. Participants will be exposed to a variety of case examples that illustrate features of EA that show how EA can be used across disciplines. Brief video clips of evaluators will be presented to illustrate how evaluators developed and carried out EA projects, issues that arose and how they were dealt with, and unique aspects that emerged in each EA. Participants will also engage in application exercises and related discussion to practice implementing the EA model. These exercises will come from actual engineering education projects and programs, clearly illustrating application of EA for engineering educators. We will administer a pre-workshop questionnaire to identify participant characteristics and prior experience with and interest in EA and program evaluation to better tailor the workshop to participant needs.
Achieving near-unity broadband absorption in sparse arrays of GaAs NWs via a fundamental understanding of localized radial modes

We report a fundamental understanding of the mechanism for enhanced light absorption in sparse semiconductor nanowire arrays and design methods to achieve near-unity broadband absorption, demonstrated by GaAs nanowire arrays on a Si substrate. The sparse nanowire arrays absorb strongly into localized radial modes of individual nanowires, enabled by efficient scattering of incident light from neighboring nanowires. The radius-dependent localized modes led to two basic design approaches towards achieving near unity broadband absorption: (i) including multiple wire radii within an array for a 21% increase in absorbed current, and (ii) tapering the nanowires for a 23% increase in absorbed current.
An integrated scheme for object-based video abstraction

In this paper, we present a novel scheme for object-based key-frame extraction facilitated by an efficient video object segmentation system. Key-frames are the subset of still images which best represent the content of a video sequence in an abstracted manner. Thus, key-frame based video abstraction transforms an entire video clip to a small number of representative images. The challenge is that the extraction of key-frames needs to be automated and context dependent so that they maintain the important contents of the video while remove all redundancy. Among various semantic primitives of video, objects of interest along with their actions and generated events can play an important role in some applications such as object-based video surveillance system. Furthermore, on-line processing combined with fast and robust video object segmentation is crucial for real-time applications to report unwanted action or event as soon as it happens. Experimental results on the proposed scheme for object-based video abstraction are presented.
Homogeneous cutting-plane method to solve the security-constrained economic dispatching problem

The paper presents a cutting-plane algorithm for the solution of a security-constrained economic dispatching problem using a homogeneous interior-point (HIP) method previously presented by the author. The HIP method is shown to be well suited for security dispatch as it accounts for network losses and allows reliable detection of infeasible cases. Inclusion of both (N-1) and (N-2) security constraints is achieved via the cutting-plane algorithm. It is shown that this algorithm is superior to the full approach in both time and storage. Computational results show that it is possible to solve dispatching problems with more than one million security constraints on a standard PC in a moderate amount of time.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 impairs the differentiation of effector memory T cells in vitro in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) and increased disease activity. Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator but the effects of vitamin D treatment on T cell memory have not been explored. We studied the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on T cell memory in MS patients (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10). In vitro treatment of PBMC cultures with 1,25(OH)2D3, led to a decrease in the proportion of effector memory T cells with an increase in naive T cells, compared to vehicle in both groups. Further studies to unravel the mechanism of this effect and to understand its long-term implications are required.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ancient buried wood-II. Observations on the origin of coal from lignite to bituminous coal

Coalified logs ranging in age from Late Pennsylvania to Miocene and in rank from lignite B to bituminous coal were analyzed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) utilizing the cross-polarization, magic-angle spinning technique, as well as by infrared spectroscopy. The results of this study indicate that at least three major stages of coalification can be observed as wood gradually undergoes transformation to bituminous coal. The first stage involves hydrolysis and loss of cellulose from wood with retention and differential concentration of the resistant lignin. The second stage involves conversion of the lignin residues directly to coalified wood of lignitic rank, during which the oxygen content of intermediate diagenetic products remains constant as the hydrogen content and the carbon content increases. These changes are thought to involve loss of methoxyl groups, water, and C3 side chains from the lignin. In the third major stage of coalification, the coalified wood increases in rank to subbituminous and bituminous coal; during this stage the oxygen content decreases, hydrogen remains constant, and the carbon content increases. These changes are thought to result from loss of soluble humic acids that are rich in oxygen and that are mobilized during compaction and dewatering. Relatively resistant resinous substances are differentially concentrated in the coal during this stage. The hypothesis that humic acids are formed as mobile by-products of the coalification of lignin and function only as vehicles for removal of oxygen represents a dramatic departure from commonly accepted views that they are relatively low-molecular-weight intermediates formed during the degradation of lignin that then condense to form high-molecular-weight coal structures.
Ancestral Language Acquisition Implications for Aspects of Ethnic Identity among Armenian American Children and Adolescents

This article investigates associations between the acquisition of an ancestral language and ethnic affinity. Narratives about Armenian and non-Armenian cultural activities, and attitudes toward language usage and culture were elicited from 44 boys and girls aged 8-15 years. Some of the children spokeArmenian in addition to English, but all were active in an Armenian American community. American-born bilingual children were found to use relatively more first person plural pronouns than singular pronouns in stories aboutArmenian cultural activities compared with English-only speaking children of Armenian descent and foreign-born bilingual children, suggesting thatAmerican-born bilingual children may have closer affinity with theArmenianAmerican community than either monolingual or foreign-born bilingual children. Differences between the groups in attitude toward bicultural background also were found. Monolinguals made relatively fewer positive evaluations of their bicultural experiences than either the Amer...
Benevolent imperialism: George Catlin and the practice of Jeffersonian geography

Abstract In this paper I locate George Catlin's paintings and descriptions of the 1830s Upper Missouri within the context of early 19th century American geographical thought and practice. Following a period that saw the nation double its territory, the emergent art and science of geography constituted an instrument by which western flora, fauna, geology, landscapes and native peoples were to be conceptualized, ordered and made presentable as knowledge. Catlin's western portfolio—particularly his paintings and descriptions of the Mandan Indians—is emblematic of this early American geographical tradition. Relating Catlin's painted images and written texts to broader political and scientific contexts suggests the importance of a theologically grounded and benevolently conceived expansionist and imperialist teleology in the early 19th century gathering of knowledge about western territory and the Native Americans who inhabited it. Accordingly, western Indians were understood as unavoidably subject to the inevitable and providentially ordained process of westward expansion and the ‘civilization’ bestowed upon them through Thomas Jefferson's preferred policy of gradual assimilation would necessarily improve their material condition and ‘enlighten’ the corridors of their ‘dark’, ‘benighted’ existence.
Possessive clitics and the structure of nominal expressions

Abstract This paper examines the syntactic structure of nominal expressions (NE) containing possessive phrases with special attention on Bulgarian NE with possessive clitics. We argue that the possessive clitic appears in two syntactic positions: one inside the NE, and one in the VP domain, even though it can be pronounced either pre- or postverbally in the second case. The choice of the position in which the clitic is pronounced is determined by the general conditions governing the syntax-phonology interface. Following a proposal of Franks [Clitics in Slavic. Paper presented at the Workdhop on Comparative Slavic Morphosyntax, Bloomington, IN (1998)] and Boskovic [On the Nature of Syntax-Phonology Interface: Cliticization and Related Issues (2001)] we argue that when the clitic escapes the boundaries of the NE, it creates a non-trivial chain. In the default case, the head of the chain is pronounced but when pronouncing the head leads to a PF violation, a lower copy of the clitic is pronounced. We explore the question what conditions the possibility for the possessive clitic to appear in two syntactic positions. We propose that the clitic climbs to the verb for reasons of case. We support earlier proposals that movement into theta-positions is possible. We argue that the possessive clitic is assigned inherent Dative case. In the spirit of Lasnik [Chains of Arguments (1999)], we account for the cases of clitic climbing that seem to involve optional movement without appealing to the controversial notion of optionality. We defend the view that the different word orders result from different lexical choices. Finally, we examine various agreement phenomena inside the Bulgarian NEs which provide new evidence that movement is constrained by principles of Economy of derivation.
Solid/liquid interfacial free energies in binary systems

Description of a semiquantitative technique for predicting the segregation characteristics of smooth interfaces between binary solid and liquid solutions in terms of readily available thermodynamic parameters of the bulk solutions. A lattice-liquid interfacial model and a pair-bonded regular solution model are employed in the treatment with an accommodation for liquid interfacial entropy. The method is used to calculate the interfacial segregation and the free energy of segregation for solid-liquid interfaces between binary solutions for the (111) boundary of fcc crystals. The zone of compositional transition across the interface is shown to be on the order of a few atomic layers in width, being moderately narrower for ideal solutions. The free energy of the segregated interface depends primarily upon the solid composition and the heats of fusion of the component atoms, the composition difference of the solutions, and the difference of the heats of mixing of the solutions.
On the Evolution of Algerian Women

The role of Algerian women in their own society has rarely been what it has seemed. Outside observers have often indulged in generalizations based on a lack of understanding, in judgments represented by only partial truths. David Gordon's recent pronouncement (1968) that “women are the serfs of Algerian society” is, for example, a fair enough description of the position of the majority, but it is, in the end, no more accurate than Jacques Berque's (1967) axion that “there were not even any bastards” produced by the temporary sexual relations between Algerians and European settlers in the 1930s. What is quite clear is that women have played and continue to play important roles in Algerian society although they have always suffered definite legal, social, and cultural disadvantages that have not been essentially changed by independence. Historically, Algerian women have enjoyed more freedom than is usually admitted by Western authors. In rural areas women were allowed to go about daily routines without hiding. Only in cities was the wearing of the veil normal, and even this practice can be easily explained. Germaine Tillion's interesting and convincing interpretation (1964) on this issue comes to mind: the practice of wearing a veil in countries bordering the southern shores of the Mediterranean is simply an attempt of basically nomadic peoples to maintain privacy in the crowded cities. Nor is this custom unique; Spanish women wear black, a practice that serves much the same purpose as the veil in Muslim lands.
A Multiscale Gradient Theory for Single Crystalline Elastoviscoplasticity

Abstract Explicit volume averaging procedures are used to motivate a gradient-type description of single crystalline elastoviscoplasticity. Upon regarding local elastic and plastic deformation gradients within the crystal as continuously differentiable fields, we arrive at a three-term multiplicative decomposition for the volume-averaged deformation gradient, consisting of a recoverable elastic term associated with the average applied stress and average lattice rotation, an inelastic term associated with the average plastic velocity gradient, and a (new) third term reflecting the presence of the residual microelastic deformation gradient within the volume and providing a representation of the kinematics of grain subdivision via formation of low-angle subgrain boundaries, for example. A variant of the classical Eshelby stress tensor provides the driving force for homogenized viscoplastic flow, with slip resistances dictated by densities of geometrically necessary and statistically stored dislocations. Distinctive features of the continuum model include coupling of internal elastic strain energy densities associated with residual and applied stresses, dependency of the single crystalline effective elastic moduli upon evolution of lattice substructure, and a characteristic length potentially based upon both the size of the crystal element used in volume averaging and the grain subdivision measure.
Understanding the Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of CO2 on a K-Promoted Hydrotalcite-like Compound (HTlc) through Nonequilibrium Dynamic Isotherms

A K-promoted hydrotalcite-like compound (HTlc) was synthesized and tested for its reversible CO2 capacity between 250 °C and 500 °C. Nonequilibrium dynamic adsorption and desorption isotherms were measured between 65 Torr and 980 Torr, using steps of 20 or 50 Torr and a 45-min duration between steps. The absolute CO2 capacity on K-promoted HTlc increased as the temperature decreased, with CO2 loadings of 2.25 and 1.02 mol/kg, respectively, at 250 and 500 °C and 980 Torr. The CO2 working capacity, which is defined as the change in CO2 loading between 65 Torr and 980 Torr, exhibited a maximum at 450 °C, with a value of 0.55 mol/kg, compared to values of 0.11 and 0.46 mol/kg, which were observed at 250 and 500 °C, respectively. It was surmised that three temperature-dependent, highly coupled, completely reversible, equilibrium-driven but kinetically limited, reactions were taking place, with the first one being a rapid and reversible chemisorption of CO2 that initiated and participated in the entire process.
Teaching simulation to undergraduates

The purpose of this panel is to discuss the teaching of simulation to undergraduates. Traditionally, simulation has been taught at the graduate level with emphasis on simulation methods and tactics, particularly the statistical aspects. However, the explosion in computer technology and the growth in simulation languages has brought about widespread application of simulation to a variety of problems. In many cases, simulation is the "tool of first resort" because it places the fewest constraints upon its application and usable models can be obtained quickly. Nevertheless, exactly what should be taught at the undergraduate level is a source of controversy. Can undergraduates be adequately prepared to provide simulation services or should they be exposed only to fundamentals, leaving their developm~ent as simulation modelers to another segment of their education? All the members of the panel are actively involved in teaching simulation to undergraduates. They will share their particular perspectives on what they do at their institutions and Why. Obviously, opinions will differ but by considering the different arguments you can better judge what should be done to improve the instruction of these impressionable future simulation contributors. The position statements of the panelists follow.
Analogies for Teaching Mutant Allele Dominance Concepts

Analogies connect new and familiar concepts and ideas by providing a comfortable and known framework within which students can integrate new concepts. Use of analogies to aid understanding of abstract and/or complex ideas is commonly used in molecular sciences, such as genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry. Five analogies for different mechanisms of mutant allele dominance, a seemingly counter-intuitive idea in genetics, were designed and assessed in an upper division undergraduate/masters level course. Each of the five mechanisms, haploinsufficiency, acquired function, poison product, increased activity, and inappropriate expression, was described in the context of a human disease and molecular mechanism and followed by a descriptive analogy which mirrored the molecular mechanism using real world items or a video clip. The majority of students reported increased interest, understanding, and engagement following the analogies, as well as decreased confusion.
The capitate-flowered epiphytic Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae) and a new genus from Paraguay.

The Eurystyles Alliance is reviewed with regard to column characters, and a new genus, Synanthes, is described. Three genera, Eurystyles, Pseudoeurystyles, and Synanthes, compose the alliance of capitate-flowerd epiphytic Spiranthinae.
Biomodification of coal to remove mercury

A biological process for removal of mercury from coal is under investigation. Iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria have previously been used for desulfurization of coal and for mineral mining. We have shown that removal of mercury from coal is also possible via the same principles. Two pure cultures, Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and four environmental consortium samples obtained from an acid mine drainage site were studied for mercury removal from coal. Four different coal samples were included in the study and the preliminary results have shown that up to 20% of the mercury can be removed in batch cultures compared to control. Additional parameters such as media composition and inoculum size were also studied. This is the first report demonstrating successful leaching of mercury from coal using biological treatment.
Textural properties of extruded plant protein blends.

Blends of corn gluten meal and soy protein concentrate in the ratio of 25:75, 50:50 and 75:25 w/w were made up. The blends at 20, 30 and 40% moisture content (db) were extruded at 145°C through 4.24, 3.0, and 2.12 mm diam dies at screw speeds of 60, 120, and 180 rpm to generate different shear environments. Multiple nonlinear regression analysis was used to develop models of bulk density, puff ratio, water-holding capacity and shear strength as a function of moisture content and shear rate. Shear rate affected the dependent variables most. Cooked and uncooked viscosity and product color were also measured. Electron micrographs confirmed some of the findings.
Repeated Amphetamine Administration Decreases D1 Dopamine Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Voltage-Gated Sodium Currents in the Prefrontal Cortex

Adaptations in dopamine (DA) transmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are thought to be critical to the development and persistence of drug addiction. Our previous findings showed that medial PFC (mPFC) neurons in rats treated repeatedly with amphetamine exhibit a decreased inhibitory response to iontophoretically applied DA, demonstrating altered DA receptor transmission. To determine the role postsynaptic DA D1 receptors play in this effect, we used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of acutely dissociated pyramidal mPFC neurons and inhibition of transient voltage-sensitive sodium current (INaT) as a measure of D1 receptor function. After 3 d of withdrawal, neurons recorded from amphetamine-treated rats (5 mg/kg for 5 d) demonstrated a significant decrease in whole-cell INaT density and in the ability of D1 receptor stimulation to inhibit INaT. Application of a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor blocked the ability of D1 receptor activation to inhibit INaT and increased the current density of both groups to similar values. These results suggest that repeated amphetamine exposure results in subsensitivity of the INaT to D1 receptor-mediated inhibition because of a possible increase in basal PKA activity. This adaptation may contribute to perseverative behaviors in animals that self-administer psychostimulants as well as compromised PFC-dependent behaviors in human addicts.
Spectral geometry of power-law potentials in quantum mechanics

It is supposed that a single particle moves in ${\mathrm{openR}}^{3}$ in an attractive central power-law potential ${V}^{(q)}$(r)=sgn(q)${r}^{q}$, qg-2, and obeys nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. This paper is concerned with the question: How do the discrete eigenvalues ${E}_{\mathrm{nl}}$(q) of the Hamiltonian H=-\ensuremath{\Delta}+${V}^{(q)}$ depend on the power parameter q? Pure power-law potentials have the elementary property that, for plq, ${V}^{(q)}$(r) is a convex transformation of ${V}^{(p)}$(r). This simple fact makes it possible to use ``kinetic potentials'' to construct a global geometrical theory for the spectrum of H and also for more general operators of the form H'=-\ensuremath{\Delta}+, ${A}^{(q)}$\ensuremath{\in}openR. This geometrical approach greatly simplifies the description of the spectra and also facilitates the construction of some general eigenvalue bounds and approximation formulas.
TESTING FOR INDEPEDENCE IN MULTIVARIATE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS2

Summary In this paper the work of Weier & Basu (1980) is extended to a special case of the trivariate exponential distributions and to the general k-variate case. In the trivariate case several statistics are derived including one based on the likelihood ratio approach and the locally most powerful rank statistic, and power studies are carried out. The general k-variate model is derived, and testing for independence is shown to reduce to a solved problem.
Production of cellulase/β-glucosidase by the mixed fungi culture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus phoenicis on dairy manure

A cellulase production process was developed by growing the fungi Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus phoenicis on dairy manure. T. reesei produced a high total cellulase titer (1.7 filter paper units [FPU]/mL, filter paper activity) in medium containing 10 g/L of manure (dry basis [w/w]), 2 g/L KH2PO4, 2 mL/L of Tween-80, and 2mg/L of CoCl2. However, β-glucosidase activity in the T. reesei-enzyme system was very low. T. reesei was then cocultured with A. phoenicis to enhance the β-glucosidase level. The mixed culture resulted in a relatively high level of total cellulase (1.54 FPU/mL) and β-glucosidase (0.64 IU/mL). The ratio of β-glucosidase activity to filter paper activity was 0.41, suitable for hydrolyzing manure cellulose. The crude enzyme broth from the mixed culture was used for hydrolyzing the manure cellulose, and the produced glucose was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than levels obtained by using the commercial enzyme or the enzyme broth of the pure culture T. reesei.
Picard groups of derived categories

Abstract We investigate the group Pic ( D M ) of isomorphism classes of invertible objects in the derived category of O -modules for a commutative unital ringed Grothendieck topos ( E , O ) with enough points. When the ring O p has connected prime ideal spectrum for all points p of E we show that Pic ( D M ) is naturally isomorphic to the Cartesian product of the Picard group of O -modules and the additive group of continuous functions from the space of isomorphism classes of points of E to the integers Z . Also, for a commutative unital ring R, the group Pic ( D R ) is isomorphic to the Cartesian product of Pic(R) and the additive group of continuous functions from spec R to the integers Z .
Neuropeptide gene expression and neural activity: Assessing a working hypothesis in nucleus caudalis and dorsal horn neurons expressing preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin

1. The working hypothesis that neuropeptide gene expression in a neuron is an indicator of that neuron's physiological activity is discussed. 2. Representative examples from the literature are presented to support the hypothesis. 3. Further, we discuss the regulation of expression of two opioid peptides, preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin, in laminae I and II of the spinal cord and in nucleus caudalis of the trigeminal nuclear complex, where they may play a role in pain modulation. 4. The expression of the opioid peptide genes can be induced by both painful and nonnoxious stimuli in neurons in time-dependent and sensory-specific fashions.
Triplet states in 1,3-butadiene

Abstract The electron impact excitation spectrum 0f 1,3-butadiene has been studied at 20, 35 and 55 eV impact energies and scattering angles of 10° to 80°. Two low lying states are observed with maxima at 3.2 and 4.9 eV, and are identified as the 3Bu state and 3Ag state respectively
Relativistic core binding energies of selected atoms: Comparison with experiment and other calculations

Abstract Single-configuration Dirac—Fock binding energies are reported for K 2 p , Rb 3 p , Cs 3 d , Mg 1 s , Zn 2 p , and Cd 3 d as well as for the corresponding levels in the cations of these elements and the neighboring rare gases. The results are compared with similar Dirac—Slater and Hartree—Fock calculations, and with experiment. It is found that the calculated binding energies are generally in very good agreement with experiment and are superior to the Dirac—Slater and Hartree—Fock results. The relativistic contribution is shown to be significant even for lighter atoms.
The canine lymphocyte: Effect of Streptolysin O on the proliferative response of canine lymphocytes

The effects of Streptolysin O (SLO) on canine peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied using the lymphocyte blastogenesis test (LBT). Canine lymphocytes stimulated with SLO produced a response that was similar to the response obtained with the commonly used phytomitogens: phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (CON A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). When SLO was added to any of the phytomitogens and incubated with canine lymphocytes, an additive or stimulatory response was obtained. However, mixing the phytomitogens in any combination did not produce a similar additive or stimulatory response. The results were interpreted to mean that in the canine system, the binding of SLO to lymphocytes does not sterically interfere with receptors for PHA, CON A, or PWM. Additionally, SLO may stimulate a population of lymphocytes that is distinct from that stimulated by the phytomitogens. Moreover, it would appear that the phytomitogens probably stimulate the same or an overlapping population of lymphocytes. Experiments using enriched lymphoid cell populations were used to characterize the lymphocytes stimulated by phytomitogens and SLO. Lipopolysaccharides from two different bacteria were unable to cause a significant lymphoproliferative response.