cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Methods for Sparse Solution of Linear Inverse Problems

The goal of the sparse approximation problem is to approximate a target signal using a linear combination of a few elementary signals drawn from a fixed collection. This paper surveys the major practical algorithms for sparse approximation. Specific attention is paid to computational issues, to the circumstances in which individual methods tend to perform well, and to the theoretical guarantees available. Many fundamental questions in electrical engineering, statistics, and applied mathematics can be posed as sparse approximation problems, making these algorithms versatile and relevant to a plethora of applications.
Design-for-reliability rules for hot-carrier resistant CMOS VLSI circuits

The authors present a macro-model for evaluating the hot-carrier-related degradation of simple CMOS circuits and the design-for-reliability rules for some CMOS circuits. The influence of various design parameters on long-term reliability is investigated using the macro-model. It is shown that, for CMOS inverter circuits, the degradation due to hot-carrier effects can be expressed as a function of (i) the ratio of nMOS transistor size over the load capacitance and (ii) the input rise time. Combining propagation delay and degradation cost functions, an optimum value of the scaling factor for inverter chains can be found which minimizes the overall delay as well as the hot-carrier-induced degradation. >
Vascular Hyperresponsiveness to Adrenomedullin During Pregnancy Is Associated with Increased Generation of Cyclic Nucleotides in Rat Mesenteric Artery

Abstract Cardiovascular adaptation is a hallmark of pregnancy. Here we report on vascular hyperresponsiveness to an endogenous vasodilator, adrenomedullin (ADM), during pregnancy. Intravenous administration of ADM dose dependently decreased the mean arterial pressure, and the decrease was significantly greater in pregnant compared with nonpregnant rats without affecting the heart rate. In endothelium-intact mesenteric artery precontracted by ED70 concentration of norepinephrine, the potency and efficacy of ADM in causing the vasodilation of mesenteric arterial rings from pregnant rats are significantly higher compared with nonpregnant females at diestrus. The magnitude of inhibition of concentration-dependent response to ADM by the inhibition of either soluble guanylate cyclase or adenylate cyclase was greater in pregnant rats. Moreover, ADM-induced cyclic nucleotide generation, both cGMP and cAMP, in the mesenteric artery was elevated during pregnancy and was sensitive to the receptor antagonist, ADM22–5...
Radiation of Nonsinusoidal Waves by a Large-Current Radiator

The calculation of the electric and magnetic field strength produced by a radiator is usually done only for distances large compared with the geometric dimensions of the radiator. This approach makes it Impossible to obtain exact relations between the power fed to the radiator by the driver, the voltage between the radiator terminals, the power radiated to or received from the near zone, and the power radiated to the far zone. This paper develops a solution for the large-current radiator that can be evaluated numerically by computer for any distance, and thus permits the calculation of the power flowing at any time through the surface of the radiator. The knowledge of this power is the basis for the design of efficient radiators.
Precambrian basement at Molodezhnaya Station, East Antarctica

The Precambrian basement exposed around Molodezhnaya Station (lat 67°40′S, long 45°50′E) in western Enderby Land, Antarctica, consists largely of well-layered, in part migmatitic, gneisses and of plutonic gneisses. The most abundant rock types in the well-layered gneisses are pyroxene gneiss, hornblende gneiss, garnet-biotite gneiss, garnet-pyroxene gneiss, and quartzo-feldspathic gneiss. The plutonic gneisses crop out in three bodies, each of a different rock type: charnockitic, granodioritic, and enderbitic. Field relations show that the charnockitic gneiss locally cuts the compositional layering in the well-layered gneisses and that it was emplaced prior to granulite-facies metamorphism and folding. Total-rock Rb-Sr ages calculated on seven samples of quartzo-feldspathic gneiss range from 460 ± 250 to 2,120 ±155 m.y. (assumed initial Sr 87 /Sr 86 ratio of 0.715). Eight samples of charnockitic gneiss give an isochron age of 987 ± 60 m.y. and an initial ratio of 0.7109 ± 0.0015. Seven samples of granite give an isochron age of 512 ± 155 m.y. U-Th-Pb data on monazite, sphene, and allanite from pegmatites indicate an age of crystallization of 500 to 550 m.y. for the pegmatites. Rb-Sr ages of 460 and 465 m.y. were obtained on biotites from gneiss. The geochronologic data are consistent with the following sequence of events: (1) Formation of the well-layered gneisses, possibly 2,000 m.y ago. (2) Plutonism, granulite-facies metamorphism, and folding, 1,000 m.y. ago. (3) Dikes of granite and pegmatite, amphibolite-facies metamorphism, and faulting, 500 to 550 m.y. ago. (4) Secondary mineralization, possibly 400 to 500 m.y. ago. The event 1,000 m.y ago appears to have been important in this part of Antarctica, and some Antarctic charnockites may have been emplaced at that time.
Robustness of k-gon Voronoi diagram construction

In this paper, we present a plane sweep algorithm for constructing the Voronoi diagram of a set of non-crossing line segments in 2D space using a distance metric induced by a regular k-gon and study the robustness of the algorithm. Following the algorithmic degree model [G. Liotta, F.P. Preparata, R. Tamassia, Robust proximity queries: an illustration of degree-driven algorithm design, SIAM J. Comput. 28 (3) (1998) 864-889], we show that the Voronoi diagram of a set of arbitrarily oriented segments can be constructed with degree 14 for certain k-gon metrics (e.g., k = 6, 8, 12). For rectilinear segments or segments with slope +1 or -1, the degree reduces to 2. The algorithm is easy to implement and finds applications in VLSI layout.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Bisphosphate Mediates the Targeting of the Exocyst to the Plasma Membrane for Exocytosis in Mammalian Cells

The exocyst is an evolutionarily conserved octameric protein complex that tethers post-Golgi secretory vesicles at the plasma membrane for exocytosis. To elucidate the mechanism of vesicle tetherin...
The Dissemination of Culture: A Model with Local Convergence and Global Polarization

Despite tendencies toward convergence, differences between individuals and groups continue to exist in beliefs, attitudes, and behavior. An agent-based adaptive model reveals the effects of a mechanism of convergent social influence. The actors are placed at fixed sites. The basic premise is that the more similar an actor is to a neighbor, the more likely that that actor will adopt one of the neighbor's traits. Unlike previous models of social influence or cultural change that treat features one at a time, the proposed model takes into account the interaction between different features. The model illustrates how local convergence can generate global polarization. Simulations show that the number of stable homogeneous regions decreases with the number of features, increases with the number of alternative traits per feature, decreases with the range of interaction, and (most surprisingly) decreases when the geographic territory grows beyond a certain size. MAINTENANCE OF DIFFERENCES If people tend to become more alike in their beliefs, attitudes, and behavior when they interact, why do not all such differences eventually disappear? Social scientists have proposed many mechanisms to answer this question. The purpose of this article is to explore one more mechanism. The mechanism proposed here deals with how people do indeed become more similar as they interact, but also provides an explanation of why the tendency to converge stops before it reaches completion. It therefore provides a new type of explanation of why we do not all become alike. Because the proposed mechanism can exist alongside other mechanisms, it can be regarded as complementary with older explanations rather than necessarily competing with them. Unfortunately, no good term describes the range of things about which people can influence each other. Although beliefs, attitudes, and behavior cover a wide range indeed, there are still more things over which interpersonal influence extends, such as language, art, technical standards, and social norms. The most generic term for the
The Relationship Between Lower Extremity Functional Strength and Severity of Peripheral Arterial Disease

The purposes of this study were to (1) determine if peripheral arterial disease (PAD) severity is related to deficits in lower extremity functional strength, (2) identify covariates that might affect the relationship between lower extremity functional strength and severity of PAD, and (3) determine if the relationship between lower extremity functional strength and severity of PAD still persists after statistically controlling for significant covariates. A total of 144 patients were grouped into tertiles according to disease severity. Patients having an ankle-brachial index (ABI) of 0.76 to 0.90 were classified as having mild PAD (high ABI group), 0.51 to 0.75 classified as having moderate PAD (moderate ABI group), and 0.36 to 0.50 as having severe PAD (low ABI group). Lower extremity functional strength was assessed using the chair-stand test where the time to complete 5 consecutive stand-to-sit transfers was recorded. Patients were also characterized on ambulatory function and clinical characteristics. The moderate ABI group took significantly (p 0.05) in the time to complete the chair-stand test existed between the ABI groups. These findings indicate that the greater impairment in lower extremity functional strength in patients with severe PAD is explained by their lower physical activity level and poorer overall walking ability.
Health-Care Rationing: Critical Features, Ordinary Language, and Meaning

The purpose of this article is to re-visit how rationing is defined for a health-care context, Two reasons justify returning to this topic. First, the variability as to how rationing has been defined in the legal, medical, and philosophical literature justifies a careful examination to identify its critical features. Second, I believe that if the definitions typically employed in the literature, several of which are discussed below, are compared to those that would be offered by the American public, ethically weighty dissimilarities would be apparent. Disparate characterizations are worrisome because serious “disconnections” between policymakers’ understandings, rhetoric, and priorities and those of the general public are more likely.
Use of Special Education Services Among Children With and Without Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between congenital gastrointestinal anomalies requiring neonatal surgery and neurodevelopmental outcome. Among the children born in metropolitan Atlanta during 1982–2001 who survived to age 1 year (N = 762,824), we identified children with congenital gastrointestinal anomalies via linkage with the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program and children who received special education services via linkage with the Special Education Database of Metropolitan Atlanta. Several modest increases in special education service use were observed among children with isolated congenital gastrointestinal anomalies; no association was statistically significant. Among children with Hirschsprung disease, gastroschisis, esophageal atresia, intestinal malrotation, bowel atresia, or imperforate anus who had multiple anomalies, we observed statistically significant increases in special education service use.
Flp and Cre expressed from Flp–2A–Cre and Flp–IRES–Cre transcription units mediate the highest level of dual recombinase-mediated cassette exchange

Recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) is a powerful tool for unidirectional integration of DNA fragments of interest into a pre-determined genome locale. In this report, we examined how the efficiency of dual RMCE catalyzed by Flp and Cre depends on the nature of transcription units that express the recombinases. The following recombinase transcription units were analyzed: (i) Flp and Cre genes expressed as individual transcription units located on different vectors, (ii) Flp and Cre genes expressed as individual transcription units located on the same vector, (iii) Flp and Cre genes expressed from a single promoter and separated by internal ribosome entry sequence and (iv) Flp and Cre coding sequences separated by the 2A peptide and expressed as a single gene. We found that the highest level of dual RMCE (35-45% of the transfected cells) can be achieved when Flp and Cre recombinases are expressed as Flp-2A-Cre and Flp-IRES-Cre transcription units. In contrast, the lowest level of dual RMCE (∼1% of the transfected cells) is achieved when Flp and Cre are expressed as individual transcription units. The analysis shows that it is the relative Flp-to-Cre ratio that critically affects the efficiency of dual RMCE. Our results will be helpful for maximizing the efficiency of dual RMCE aimed to engineer and re-engineer genomes.
Coagulopathy as initial manifestation of concomitant celiac disease and cystic fibrosis: a case report

Celiac disease and cystic fibrosis have many common manifestations, such as malabsorption, steatorrhea and growth failure, and were for many years recognized as one clinical entity. Since their recognition as two separate diseases, their co-existence in a patient has been described sporadically; around 20 cases have been described in the literature. Taking into consideration the incidences of the two diseases, the chance of them occurring together is one in 2,000,000 in the general population. We describe the case of a five-year-old boy of Turkish ethnicity with both celiac disease and cystic fibrosis, who presented initially with a skin hemorrhage. The diagnosis of celiac disease was made with a positive serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody test and the presence of HLA-DQ2 heterodimer, and confirmed on histology with small intestinal villous atrophy. A positive sweat test confirmed the diagnosis of associated cystic fibrosis. To the best of our knowledge there has been no previous report of this rare presentation of associated celiac disease and cystic fibrosis. The clinical significance of this case is the consideration of malabsorption with both celiac disease and cystic fibrosis in patients who present with unexplained coagulopathy.
Correlation between blood pressure changes assessed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and urine microalbuminuria excretion rate in normal and essential hypertension.

To document the correlation between renal damage and circadian blood pressure variation, urinary microalbumin excretion rate (UAER) and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24-hr ABPM) were performed in 16 normotensives and 29 stage I–III essential hypertensive subjects (whole-day mean BP; 120.13/79.06 mmHg vs 152.59/94.31 mmHg, p<0.05). The BP variables of 24-hr ABPM included hourly mean arterial pressure (MAP), maximum, minimum and mean systolic and diastolic BP of the awaking (daytime) and sleep time (nighttime), and whole-day mean BP. Subsequently, BP reduction of maximum, minimum and mean BP between awaking time and sleep time were also calculated as other variables. UAER was not different between the normotensive and hypertensive group (9.44 ± 11.48 vs 11.87 ± 9.27 μg/min, p>0.05). 10 subjects (2/16 in normal vs 8/29 subjects in hypertensives) revealed over 16 μg/min of UAER. All of the awaking BP variables and whole-day mean BP were correlated with the UAER in whole subjects and hypertensives, but almost sleep BP variables except maximum DBP and mean DBP were not. On the contrary, only daytime minimum DBP and SBP were correlated with UAER in normotensives. The common best correlated BP variable in awaking time was minimum BP (DBP and SBP; r=0.49, r=0.44 in whole, r=0.51, r=0.58 in hypertensives, r=0.54, 0.56 in normotensives, all p<0.05). Hourly MAP at 24 PM in whole subjects (r=0.49, p<0.05) and that of at 22 PM in hypertensives were best correlated (r=0.71, p<0.05). Those from 15 PM to 1 AM in whole subjects were also significantly correlated with the UAER (r=0.33~0.44, all p<0.05). But in hypertensives, all the hourly MAPs were correlated except those of 4, 5, 6, 10, 11 AM and 14 PM. On the contrary, in normal group, the hourly MAP were not completely related to UAER throughout 24 hours (all p=NS). Among all computed day-night BP reductions, only minimum DBP was significantly correlated with the UAER (r=0.34, p=0.022). This study suggests that not only awaking BP but also day-night minimum DBP reduction are highly responsible for the renal impairment in essential hypertension.
Clinical predictors of surgical outcome in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: an analysis of 248 patients.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical predictors of surgical outcome in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). We reviewed a consecutive series of 248 patients (71 women and 177 men) with CSM who had undergone surgery at our institution between January 2000 and October 2010. Their mean age was 59.0 years (16 to 86). Medical records, office notes, and operative reports were reviewed for data collection. Special attention was focused on pre-operative duration and severity as well as post-operative persistence of myelopathic symptoms. Disease severity was graded according to the Nurick classification. Our multivariate logistic regression model indicated that Nurick grade 2 CSM patients have the highest chance of complete symptom resolution (p < 0.001) and improvement to normal gait (p = 0.004) following surgery. Patients who did not improve after surgery had longer duration of myelopathic symptoms than those who did improve post-operatively (17.85 months (1 to 101) vs 11.21 months (1 to 69); p = 0.002). More advanced Nurick grades were not associated with a longer duration of symptoms (p = 0.906). Our data suggest that patients with Nurick grade 2 CSM are most likely to improve from surgery. The duration of myelopathic symptoms does not have an association with disease severity but is an independent prognostic indicator of surgical outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:966–71.
Breeden Electronics (A)

Breeden Electronics USA is a start-up division of a German company. It plans to produce two products, both electronic signaling devices. Herman Klein, the division president, has asked his controller, Marlene Baer, to compute several breakeven sales figures as they assess the sales level that is necessary to meet the profit target established by the parent company. Baer must conduct several breakeven analyses and consider the impact on profit if production exceeds sales. This is the first in a series of three cases that can be used to explore the evolution of cost systems. The main issues of the three cases are as follows: in the A case, the company uses a traditional costing system. The main questions relate to breakeven analysis and the effect of inventory buildup on profit. The B case (UVA-C-2200) introduces the definition of activities, costing those activities, and computing product cost based on their use of the activities. The revised product costs are not dramatically different, but analyzing what causes the differences is important to discovering where ABC can provide valuable information. The C case (UVA-C-2201) takes place after the end of the year, when profits have been reduced by the need to take care of a growing and increasingly complex packing and shipping activity. The controller defines a new activity (order handling), computes the cost per order, and begins to revise the data on product profitability and to develop new data on customer profitability. Having discovered the high cost of handling each order, the controller now has good reason to work on activity-based management: making that process more efficient, and perhaps more customer friendly. The three cases can be used in three classes, or the A and B cases together in one class and the C case in a second class.
Flow Cytometry in Neuroscience Research

Flow cytometry has been used for numerous applications in immunology, cell biology, and neuroscience research (de Graaf, et al. 2011). With the development of higher sensitivity instrumentation and smaller numbers of cells required, flow cytometry has become an adjunctive methodology for studies of the interface between peripheral immune cells and the nervous system Schwatrz and Kipnis, 2011 (Ref). In this chapter, we will explore the use of flow cytometry to assess and isolate lymphoid cells associated with neuronal injury as well as how this approach would prove helpful in on the identification of neuronal cells. In addition, isolation of cells by other means will be discussed.
Glomerular angiotensin II receptor subtypes during development of rat kidney

We used quantitative autoradiography to investigate distribution of angiotensin II (ANG II) receptor subtypes during development of the kidney in the rat. In fetal, newborn, and 3-day-old rats, immature glomeruli in the form of comma and S-shaped bodies, located in the nephrogenic zone of the renal cortex, expressed only the angiotensin AT2 receptor subtype. Conversely, the juxtamedullary glomeruli, in more advanced developmental stages, expressed only the AT1 subtype. Similarly, maturing and fully developed glomeruli, present in 1-, 2-, and 8-wk-old rats, expressed only AT1 receptors. In the kidney medulla, there was a similar change in ANG II receptor subtype expression, with the AT2 subtype expressed earlier and the AT1 subtype later during development. Our results demonstrate a selective expression of ANG II receptor subtypes during kidney development. We have found glomerular and medullary AT1 receptors only at developmental stages when kidney function has matured. Conversely, AT2 receptors are expressed only in immature structures, suggesting that they may have a role during kidney organogenesis.
Advance on Soybean Seed Protein and Fat Components and Relative Metabolic Pathway

Soybean is the most important vegetable protein and oil resource.The research on soybean seed protein and fat component and relative metabolic pathway develops rapidly.The soybean protein and fat contents,the main components,the relative metabolic pathway and genes are summarized,in order to provide reference for the development of functional markers and the relative gene clone of soybean.
DRAFTING EXPLANATION OF NATIONAL STANDARD “POWER QUALITYTEMPORARY AND TRANSIENT OVERVOLTAGES”

The national standard 揚ower Quality-Temporary and Transient Overvoltages?GB/T 18481-2001)has been published in April, 2002. This paper describes some basic consideration for this standard, the selection of itscontents and the explanation of the items during drafting the standard which may be referred when this standard is being performed.
Effect of galactan on selected microbial populations and pH and volatile fatty acids in the ileum of the weanling pig.

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of galactan on the colonization of E. coli and lactobacilli and ileal pH and volatile fatty acid production in the digestive tract of the weanling pig. In each of two replicate trials, eight 21-d-old nursing pigs were cannulated in the terminal ileum. After a 7-d recovery period, the pigs were weaned and randomly assigned to two test diets: 1) a corn-soybean meal-based control diet and 2) a similar diet containing 1% galactan. On d 1 after weaning, all pigs were orally subjected to K88+ E. coli (2 x 10(9) colony forming units). Ileal digesta samples were collected on d 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 after weaning and assayed for total E. coli, K88+ E. coli, lactobacilli, pH, and VFA. At the end of the trials, the pigs were killed and digesta samples were collected from the stomach, duodenum, cecum, and colon. Assays similar to those performed on the digesta samples collected from ileal cannulas were performed. Pigs fed 1% galactan had lower (P < .10) ileal pH, lower (P < .05) total E. coli on d 6 and 8, and lower (P < .05) K88+ E. coli concentrations in the ileum than pigs fed the control diet. There were no differences in ADG or gain:feed ratio between diets. The VFA concentrations were not different in the ileum between diets. The VFA were higher (P < .10) on d 0 than on any other day of the study. Acetate and isobutyrate concentrations were lower (P < .10) in the cecum in pigs fed 1% galactan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Restless Legs Syndrome: Prospective Cohort Study.

Study Objectives:To examine the association between modifiable lifestyle factors, and the risk of developing restless legs syndrome (RLS).Methods:This is a Prospective Cohort study of population in...
The interaction of catecholamines and adrenal corticosteroids in the induction of phosphopyruvate carboxylase in rat liver and adipose tissue

Catecholamines induced an increase in the activity of rat adipose tissue and liver phosphopyruvate carboxylases that was maintained for 48h. The response of adipose tissue phosphopyruvate carboxylase was blocked by actinomycin D, corticosteroids and propranolol, whereas corticosteroids and propranolol did not affect the liver enzyme. Cortisol phosphate, like actinomycin D, interfered only with the initiation of the increase in enzyme activity caused by noradrenaline, but not with the process of enzyme accumulation. In contrast, cycloheximide was effective in blocking enzyme induction throughout the course of the catecholamine effect. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone caused a short-term induction of adipose tissue phosphopyruvate carboxylase, which could be blocked by propranolol. Hepatic phosphopyruvate carboxylase, but not the adipose tissue enzyme, was induced by dibutyryladenosine 3′:5′-cyclic monophosphate and by glucagon. Both nicotinic acid and nicotinamide decreased the normal induction of adipose tissue phosphopyruvate carboxylase caused by starvation, but only nicotinamide increased the activity of the liver enzyme.
Feedback-based social media filtering tool for improved situational awareness

This paper describes a feature-rich model of data relevance, designed to aid first responder retrieval of useful information from social media sources during disasters or emergencies. The approach is meant to address the failure of traditional keyword-based methods to sufficiently suppress clutter during retrieval. The model iteratively incorporates relevance feedback to update feature space selection and classifier construction across a multimodal set of diverse content characterization techniques. This approach is advantageous because the aspects of the data (or even the modalities of the data) that signify relevance cannot always be anticipated ahead of time. Experiments with both microblog text documents and coupled imagery and text documents demonstrate the effectiveness of this model on sample retrieval tasks, in comparison to more narrowly focused models operating in a priori selected feature spaces. The experiments also show that even relatively low feedback levels (i.e., tens of examples) can lead to a significant performance boost during the interactive retrieval process.
Frequency estimation for the PDCI inter-area oscillation damping controller

Relative frequency between two remote locations is the feedback signal basis being used for the Pacific DC Intertie modulation damping controller currently being developed for the western North American interconnect. Past research has assumed that such a signal can be accurately and reliably measured. This paper establishes desired measurement requirements and then evaluates several algorithmic options for the frequency estimation. These include frequency estimates from Phasor Measurement Unit derived signals, a zero crossing algorithm, and a nonlinear least-squares method.
Abstract CN03-01: Viewpoint: Past, current, and future health disparities research in cancer survivorship

This presentation will provide an overview of past, current, and future NIH/NCI supported research in health disparities (HD) during cancer survivorship, defined here as studies conducted among individuals and their caregivers after initial treatment for cancer. Most early HD studies of cancer survivorship focused on racial/ethnic group differences, such as the NCI Black/White Cancer Survival Study, conducted in the 19809s. This landmark study included data on coping, social support, health promotion behaviors, and health care utilization of individuals surviving cancers of the breast, colon, bladder, or corpus uterine. More recently, the definition of HD has expanded beyond race/ethnicity to include rural and elderly populations, those with low education/income, and culturally distinct groups. In 2006, one-third of grants managed by the Office of Cancer Survivorship addressed HD issues. Examples of these studies range from interventions to assist rural African American survivors of prostate cancer, to the examination of quality and amount of follow up care among low-income, Latina breast cancer survivors. Future cancer survivorship research is needed that examines the contribution to HD of systematic differences in patient education, patient literacy, access to quality follow up care and rehabilitation, family needs, approaches to care giving, employment demands, social capital, and geographic location. In particular, research on cancer survivorship-HD is needed in populations rarely included in cancer survivorship research: recent immigrants, Native Americans, and Native Alaskan populations, and subpopulations of Asian-Americans and Hispanics/Latinos. Lastly, cancer survivorship research is needed that tests strategies for diminishing or eliminating documented HD among long-term survivors of cancer.
Use of an antibody-drug conjugate targeting tissue factor to induce complete tumor regression in xenograft models with heterogeneous target expression.

3066 Background: Tissue factor (TF) is the main initiator of coagulation, that starts when circulating factor VII(a) (FVII(a)) binds membrane bound TF. In addition, the TF:FVIIa complex can initiat...
Comparing Integration in Europe and Latin America: Wishful Thinking, Self-Perception and Reality – A Comment

In this chapter the author compares the European integration process and the ambivalent integration dynamics in Latin America, and ponders on whether the EU can still be considered as a model for Latin American integration. The author notes that differences in the two regions in terms of geography, history and political regimes – presidentialism prevails in Latin America – are all reasons why it is inherently difficult to compare them. However, he argues that despite these inter-regional differences and the EU’s own internal challenges, the European model still has value for Latin America.
Interplay of magnetism and superconductivity in the compressed Fe-ladder compound BaFe 2 Se 3

High pressure resistance, susceptibility, and Fe $K\ensuremath{\beta}$ x-ray emission spectroscopy measurements were performed on Fe-ladder compound ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$. Pressure-induced superconductivity was observed which is similar to the previously reported superconductivity in the ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ samples. The slope of local magnetic moment versus pressure shows an anomaly across the insulator-metal transition pressure in the ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ samples. The local magnetic moment is continuously decreasing with increasing pressure, and the superconductivity appears only when the local magnetic moment value is comparable to the one in the iron-pnictide superconductors. Our results indicate that the compressed ${\mathrm{BaFe}}_{2}C{h}_{3}$ ($Ch=\mathrm{S}$, Se) is a new family of iron-based superconductors. Despite the crystal structures completely different from the known iron-based superconducting materials, the magnetism in this Fe-ladder material plays a critical role in superconductivity. This behavior is similar to the other members of iron-based superconducting materials.
Benefits-sharing agreements and nonideal theory: The warning signs of agreement co-optation

Community members seek benefits-sharing planning agreements to advance their own distributive justice goals by directing benefits to communities. Nonideal theory does much to explain the context and possibilities for these agreements. The agreements forged between communities and development interests seek to address, but not completely achieve, distributive justice via consensus about incremental changes in project benefit distribution. However, implementation and outcomes can vary widely. This article develops theory to conceptualize a practical framework for these planning agreements using nonideal justice theories, granted the triple concerns of inaction, tokenism, and rhetorical trickery posed by ineffective implementation. The Crenshaw Light Rail Project in Los Angeles illustrates the issues in play.
Incident Management Preparedness Advisors - from Concept to Reality and Beyond

Abstract Coast Guard Incident Management Preparedness Advisors, or IMPA’s, have existed now for nearly five years. Have they lived up to their original billing or have they missed the mark? Was the...
The Contribution of Childhood Negative Emotionality and Cognitive Control to Anxiety-Linked Neural Dysregulation of Emotion in Adolescence

Adolescence is a period of heightened emotional reactivity, which is reflected in greater activation in emotion-processing regions of the brain in adolescents relative to children and adults. While elevated emotional reactivity and poor emotion regulation are thought to contribute to the rise in rates of internalizing psychopathology, including anxiety, during adolescence, little research has examined factors predicting individual differences in the neural regulation of emotion that can explain why only some adolescents experience anxiety. To address this gap, the present study examined the contribution of childhood negative emotionality (NE) and cognitive control (CC) to neural processing of emotion in adolescence. A sample of 44 girls (M age = 15.5, SD = 0.35) was selected from a longitudinal study that included self, parent, and teacher report of NE and CC between 2nd and 7th grades. Following 9th grade, girls completed an emotion regulation task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Neural regulation of emotion was indexed by functional connectivity between the amygdala and right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) during emotion regulation. Analyses revealed that NE predicted a less mature pattern of amygdala-rVLPFC connectivity while CC predicted a more mature pattern of amygdala-rVLPFC connectivity. Additionally, we found an interaction between NE and CC, such that NE predicted emotion dysregulation at low but not high levels of CC. Neural dysregulation of emotion was associated with anxiety symptoms across the following nine months. These findings identify important individual differences in the development of emotion dysregulation that contribute to risk for anxiety in adolescence.
High-precision wafer-level Cu-Cu bonding for 3DICs

A high-precision Cu-Cu bonding system for three-dimensional integrated circuits (3DICs) fabrication adopting a new precision alignment methodology is proposed. A new pressure profile control system is applied in the thermocompression bonding process. Experimental results show that the alignment capability is 250 nm or better, with similar overlay accuracy (|average| + 3σ) for permanent bonding. These developments are expected to contribute to the fabrication of future 3DICs.
Possible unintended effects of management at an invasion front: Reduced prevalence corresponds with high condition of invasive bigheaded carps

Abstract Limiting the prevalence of invasive species is a global conservation priority. Invasive species can have varying ecosystem effects and responses to control throughout an invaded range, and removal near invasion fronts may inadvertently alter these characteristics. Bigheaded carp (bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Richardson) and silver carp (H. molitrix Valenciennes)) are invasive fishes from Asia invading North American freshwater ecosystems. We used mobile hydroacoustic surveys to examine bigheaded carp population characteristics from 2012 to 2015 across an invasion gradient in the Illinois River (USA), one of the most likely pathways to the Laurentian Great Lakes. These bigheaded carp species comprised 23–46% of fish community abundance and 45–78% of fish biomass across reaches, with lower contribution near the invasion front where intensive management by harvest occurs. Bigheaded carp prevalence in the community did not differ by habitat and comprised >50% of community abundance and biomass throughout the river for most size classes. We identified negative relationships between density and relative weight (an index of body condition) of bigheaded carp, suggesting evidence of potential density-dependent intraspecific competition. Efforts to reduce invasive species abundances near invasion fronts may reduce prevalence. However, this could inadvertently release individuals from density-dependent competition and could enhance reproductive potential, growth or movements. By employing a suite of control efforts, including continuous removal efforts (including novel approaches) and by limiting movements (e.g., utilizing roads, fences, dams), it may be possible to offset undesired consequences of increased condition.
Suboptimal Output Tracking and Regulation of a Class of Nonlinear Systems

This paper proposes an approximate optimal approach for output tracking and regulation of a class of nonlinear systems. This class includes systems which are decomposable into a linear part and a nonlinear part. It is shown that the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation associated with optimal control of such systems, under an assumption on form of its solution, can be approximated as an algebraic equation. Decomposition of this algebraic equation into a linear part and a nonlinear part and their subsequent solutions together form an approximate value function. This value function is found to be nearly optimal locally around the origin. Thus, a locally stabilizing controller with the proposed value function as feedback gain is proposed. This approach achieves output tracking and regulation by converting these into a stabilization problem through internal model principle resulting in a near-optimal tracking and regulation. This proposed algebraic equation can be used for estimation too, i.e., it plays the same role in nonlinear settings as that played by an algebraic Riccati equation in linear quadratic regulation and linear quadratic estimation. Finally, the proposed approach can compensate integral windup effects due to actuator saturation through modification of filtering characteristics of internal model. Simulation results for an undamped spring-mass system are given for efficacy of the approach.
Frequency of locoregional recurrence among locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer treated with modern multimodality therapy.

e12604Background: Prior to the advent of targeted therapies, patients with HER2-amplified (HER2+) breast cancers were at high risk for locoregional recurrence (LRR). The use of HER2 targeted therap...
Magnetic resonance imaging of traumatic pneumocephalus--case report.

Computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance (MR) images in a case of traumatic pneumocephalus are presented and discussed. MR images clearly demonstrated not only the accumulation of air but also the herniation of brain tissue through the fracture into a paranasal sinus. A fistulous tract for cerebrospinal fluid leakage was strongly suggested on the images of brain herniation. The clinical usefulness of MR images is compared with that of conventional diagnostic modalities.
How well are regular expressions tested in the wild

Developers report testing their regular expressions less than the rest of their code. In this work, we explore how thoroughly tested regular expressions are by examining open source projects. Using standard metrics of coverage, such as line and branch coverage, gives an incomplete picture of the test coverage of regular expressions. We adopt graph-based coverage metrics for the DFA representation of regular expressions, providing fine-grained test coverage metrics. Using over 15,000 tested regular expressions in 1,225 Java projects on GitHub, we measure node, edge, and edge-pair coverage. Our results show that only 17% of the regular expressions in the repositories are tested at all. For those that are tested, the median number of test inputs is two. For nearly 42% of the tested regular expressions, only one test input is used. Average node and edge coverage levels on the DFAs for tested regular expressions are 59% and 29%, respectively. Due to the lack of testing of regular expressions, we explore whether a string generation tool for regular expressions, Rex, achieves high coverage levels. With some exceptions, we found that tools such as Rex can be used to write test inputs with similar coverage to the developer tests.
DeepDriver: Automated System For measuring Valence and Arousal in Car Driver Videos

We develop an automated system for analyzing facial expressions using valence and arousal measurements of a car driver. This information is used by Motor Trends magazine to provide car manufacturers a report on how the drivers felt at each moment on the race track. The reason for this is that, the drivers remember only a brief description of the emotions they felt after test driving a car. Our approach is a data driven approach and does not include any pre-processing done to the faces of the drivers. The motivation of this paper is to show that with large amount of data, deep learning networks can extract better and more robust facial features compared to state-of-the-art hand crafted features. The network was trained on just the raw facial images and achieves better results compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our system incorporates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for detecting the face and extracting the facial features, and a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) for modelling the changes in CNN features with respect to time. The system was evaluated on videos from the Motor Trend Magazines Best Driver Car of the Year 2014–16 and the AFEW-VA dataset. We compared our approach with state-of-the-art methods and show that our approach achieves the better results compared to seven other methods.
Global Environment in the Anthropocene

This chapter is centered on both the potential for environmental harm that will negatively influence humans and the harm to the rest of the species on the planet. It provides data on the global economic benefits of maintaining the environment (ecosystem services). Then the discussion turns to the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, limitations on quantity and quality of water, invasive species and species extinction, nutrient pollution, and toxic chemical releases.
Toward A Mission-Based Ranking?

Law schools exist to generate knowledge about law and the legal system and to prepare students for entry into the profession. Law school rankings, in turn, should evaluate schools on their success in carrying out this two-part mission.
Characterization of variations within the rumen metaproteome of Holstein dairy cattle relative to morning feed offering

Few studies have utilized proteomic techniques to progress our knowledge of protein-mediated pathways within the rumen microbial community, and no previous research has used these techniques to investigate the patterns or variations of these proteins within this community. It was hypothesized that there would be fluctuations of rumen microbial protein abundances due to feed intake-mediated nutrient availability and that these could be identified using non gel-based proteomic techniques. This study investigated the fluctuations of bovine rumen metaproteome utilizing three mid to late-lactation Holsteins. Rumen fluid was collected at three timepoints on three days relative to their first morning feed offering (0 h, 4 h, and 6 h). Samples were pooled within timepoint within cow across day, analyzed using LC-MS/MS techniques, and analyzed for variations across hour of sampling using PROC MIXED of SAS with orthogonal contrasts to determine linear and quadratic effects. A total of 658 proteins were characterized across 19 microbial species, with 68 proteins identified from a variety of 15 species affected by time of collection. Translation-related proteins such as 50S and 30S ribosomal protein subunit variants and elongation factors were positively correlated with hour of sampling. Results suggest that as nutrients become more readily available, microbes shift from conversion-focused biosynthetic routes to more encompassing DNA-driven pathways.
Evaluation of Mechanical Activation and Chemical Synthesis for Particle Size Modification of White Mineral Trioxide Aggregate.

Objective Initial setting time is one of the most important properties of calcium silicate cements (CSCs) such as white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two methods used to reduce the particle size of WMTA, mechanical activation and chemical synthesis. Methods WMTA without bismuth oxide (WMTA-B) was provided and divided into four groups (n=5) including: WMTA-B, WMTA-B+10 min milling, WMTA-B+30 min milling, and sol-gel. In groups 2 and 3, the milling was performed by using tungsten carbide balls in a ratio 1:15 (w/w) and a vibration frequency of 30 Hz together with absolute ethanol. For the fourth group, polyethylene glycol (PEG), calcium acetate (Ca(C2H3O2)2), SiO2, and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were used for the sol-gel process. After preparation, sample powders were mixed with distilled water and placed in cylindrical molds, covered with water-moistened gauze, and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The Vicat needle test analyzed the initial setting time. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests at a significance level of P<0.05. The correlation between particle size and setting time was determined. Results Initial setting time of the sol-gel and WMTA-B+30 min milling was significantly lower than in the other two groups (P<0.05). A significant correlation was noticed between particle size and initial setting time (P<0.05). Conclusion Sol-gel process introduces a promising alternative strategy for the reduction of initial setting time of CSC materials. While both methods increased surface area, mechanical activation was not as successful in reducing surface area and initial setting time as effectively as the sol-gel process.
What determines biological sex

Abstract The X and Y chromosomes establish biological sex, have a unique pattern of interaction, and are established in the haploid male and female gametes through the specialized process of cell replication called meiosis. Meiosis generates zygotes with randomly distributed chromosomes, guaranteeing the potential for extensive variation in the embryonic phenotype. In the process of replication, epimarks that regulate gene activity are erased and reestablished in a pattern reflecting the sex of the zygote. The features of the two chromosomes vary significantly; the X has over a thousand genes—5% of the total genes in the human genome. The Y’s ability to establish male sex is jealously guarded by protection from recombination with the X along a significant portion of the chromosome. The nascent gonad is neutral and composed of both germ and somatic cells that are bipotential; they have the unique property of being capable of differentiating into either a female or male lineage. The two different pathways are regulated by the complex interaction of and balance between genes that function in the first phases of gonadal development.