cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reusable unit process life cycle inventory for manufacturing: stereolithography

Additive manufacturing technologies have been implemented in a variety of industries such as aerospace, automotive, healthcare, and military. The increasing application is owing to the unique capability of AM for fabricating parts layer by layer. Compared to traditional manufacturing processes, AM can achieve enhanced design and manufacturing complexity. In addition, it has been argued that AM could also reduce the environmental footprint of a product. However, recent studies reveal that AM processes may cause environmental consequences. Characterization of manufacturing processes for their environmental performance can be achieved by evaluating input and output material and energy flows. The unit process life cycle inventory methodology is a promising approach to develop reusable models and tools to calculate these flows. The unit process life cycle inventory models can be connected to estimate the total material/energy consumption of and emissions from product manufacturing based on a process plan. In this paper, we develop a unit process life cycle inventory model for one of the most widely used additive manufacturing processes i.e., Stereolithography, which fabricates parts by using ultraviolet light to solidify the photosensitive liquid resin in a matter of seconds layer by layer. The model is constructed with the knowledge of physical and chemical principles and is based on production information and equipment specifications. A case study is provided to demonstrate how to use the unit process life cyle inventory model on Stereolithography.
How Collaborative Governance Practitioners Can Assess the Effectiveness of Collaborative Environmental Governance, While Also Evaluating Their Own Services

AbstractCollaborative governance applied to environmental issues is becoming more common, and evaluation of such efforts can provide useful information for multiple audiences. However, due to a var...
Mapeamento das produções relacionadas a Modelagem Matemática e deficiência intelectual: um olhar nas pesquisas recentes

O presente artigo visa investigar de que maneira sao apresentados os trabalhos que versam sobre a Modelagem Matematica como estrategia de ensino para pessoas com Deficiencia Intelectual no contexto inclusivo. Para este estudo foi feito um levantamento a respeito da Educacao Inclusiva no Brasil, em especial a Deficiencia Intelectual e aspectos relacionados a Modelagem Matematica. Alem disso, foi utilizado o mapeamento como metodo de pesquisa conforme preconiza Biembengut, para estudar os trabalhos consultados foram construidas categorias de analise para poder organiza-los. Como resultado encontrou-se alguns trabalhos que discutem algumas estrategias utilizadas voltados para os alunos com Deficiencia Intelectual nas aulas de matematica. E possivel perceber que em alguns dos trabalhos a modelagem aparece de forma implicita, no entanto, nao e descrita pelos autores dos trabalhos analisados.
Juridical and Ethical Aspects of the Fiduciary Obligation

This article is a Festschrift contribution to honor the 70th birthday of Professor Joachim Hruschka. Professor Hruschka has enduring patience in exchanges with friends, colleagues, and students. I benefited much from his explanations of Kant’s moral philosophy and this article is an attempt to apply one aspect of Kant’s philosophy to the topic of fiduciary obligation. Law and economics scholars have argued that fiduciary duties can be explained best through the lens of contract. Courts, however, persist in referring to fiduciary duties as moral duties and insist that a fiduciary has an ethical duty toward the principal. This paper explores the ethical foundations that lurk behind the moral rhetoric in fiduciary law and concludes that the fiduciary duty of care is an ethical duty as understood in Kant’s moral philosophy. The twin duties that compose the fiduciary obligation, the duty of loyalty and the duty of care, include what is fundamentally a duty of virtue, or an ethical duty, but one that courts today call a legal duty. The paper discusses the fiduciary duties of loyalty and care. It then examines Kant’s juridical and ethical duties and the differences between them. The article then argues that the duty of loyalty is a juridical duty whereas the duty of care is an ethical duty. The article next explores how courts attempt to transform the duty of care into a legal duty to enforce the fiduciary obligation. Finally, the article discusses the legal standard – negligence – used to enforce the duty of care.
Negative Returns on Addition to S&P 500 Index and Positive Returns on Deletion? New Evidence on Attractiveness of S&P 500 vs. S&P 400 Indexes

In recent years, the majority of additions to and deletions from the S&P 500 index have been stocks that were previously or subsequently included in the S&P 400 index. The announcement returns of these changes have been the opposite of what has been documented for all S&P 500 additions and deletions in an extensive literature. During 2016-2019, such ‘upward additions’ to the S&P 500 index resulted in an average announcement excess return of -2.31% over a three-day period while ‘downward deletions’ resulted in an excess return of +1.21%. We explain these new results by the increasing ownership of S&P 400 stocks by institutional investors, the majority of whom are active fund managers. Our results thus show the increasing benefits of being included in the mid-cap S&P 400 index relative to being included in the large-cap S&P 500 index.
Adrian Piper’s Psychedelic Drag

This chapter approaches the artistic works of renowned New York-based performance artist Adrian Piper’s work through the lens of “psychedelic” performance, which performs a “queering” of consciousness. Using this approach, Deni(se) Li investigates how altered or expanded states of consciousness in performance can be read as “consciousness-raising” practices that address issues of gender, sexuality, and race. Drawing from Jose Esteban Munoz’s concept of “disidentification,” Diana Taylor’s notions of the “archive” and “repertoire,” as well as embodied mind theories, Deni(se) Li explores how Piper’s performance art piece and multi-media self-portrait series, “Food for the Spirit” (1971) and “Mythic Being” (1973‒1975), perform psychedelic embodiment through an interplay between their psycho-spiritual and socio-political dimensions.
Further Evidence for the Role of Myeloperoxidase in the Activation of Benzo[A]Pyrene-7,8-Dihydrodiol by Polymorpho-Nuclear Leukocytesm

The carcinogenic initiating activity of benzo(a)pyrene has been attributed to the generation of a stereospecific bay region diolepoxide of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (BP)diol), anti-diolepoxide 2 (Conney, 1982). Through a myeloperoxidase (MPO)- mediated reaction, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) can activate BP-diol to a chemiluminescent dioxetane derivative and a genotoxic electrophilic intermediate, presumably BP-diolepoxide (Trush et al., 1985; Kensler et al., 1987). This study examines the ability of PMNs or MPO to generate diolepoxides from (±)BP-diol as well as the relationship between the oxidative capability of PMNs and their ability to activate BP-diol.
Abstract 796: Histone deacetylase inhibitors restore toxic BH3 domain protein expression in anoikis-resistant mammary and brain cancer stem cells, thereby enhancing the response to anti-ERBB1/ERBB2 therapy

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Detachment of cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM) results in a form of cell death referred to as anoikis. Anoikis resistance (AR), frequently acquired by malignant cells, is required for tumor metastases. The present study focused on identifying the mechanisms by which drug sensitivity is restored in previously resistant AR breast cancer cells. AR breast cancer cells display reduced expression of the toxic BH3 domain proteins BAX, BAK, NOXA and PUMA. In contrast, expression of the protective BCL-2 family proteins BCL-XL and MCL-1 was increased. It has previously been noted that AR cells display resistance to several currently available anti-tumor cell therapies, including a combinational approach with Lapatinib (ERBB1/2 inhibitor) and Obatoclax (MCL-1 inhibitor, exhibiting reduced autophagic flux, despite similarly exhibiting increased levels of LC3II processing. Knockdown of MCL-1 and BCL-XL in AR cells resulted in apoptosis to a greater extent than in their wild-type counterparts. Pre-treatment of AR cells with Valproate (histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACIs)); for 24hrs increased the levels of toxic BH3 domain proteins whilst simultaneously reducing levels of MCL-1 and re-sensitising AR cells to therapy-mediated cell death. In vivo, pre-treatment of AR breast tumors in the brain with valproate restored chemo-sensitivity and prolonged animal survival. These data argue that pre-treatment with HDACIs may provide a mechanism to enhance the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy in AR breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Nichola A. Cruickshanks, Hossein A. Hamed, Larry A. Booth, Seyedmehrad Tavallai, G B. Sajithlal, Steven Grant, Andrew Poklepovic, Paul Dent. Histone deacetylase inhibitors restore toxic BH3 domain protein expression in anoikis-resistant mammary and brain cancer stem cells, thereby enhancing the response to anti-ERBB1/ERBB2 therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 796. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-796
Deconstructing the Litigious Pain Patient

Legend has it that patients in pain are a singularly disgruntled lot. Perhaps there should be nothing surprising or particularly perplexing about this phenomenon, at least to the vast majority of us who have not been blessed with a (relatively speaking) pain-free existence. For too many of those with serious chronic pain problems, the injury causing the pain is exacerbated by its persistence long beyond the period of normal healing and resolution, and then coupled with the insults too often experienced by the victims of chronic pain—doubts of others about the accuracy or even the legitimacy of their reports of pain [1]. In this issue David Fishbain and colleagues undertake an important exploration into the characteristics of pain patients whose disgruntlement is at some point expressed as an inclination to initiate legal action against their physician. The research and analysis is important because there is a significant amount of myth and misinformation pervading the medical community and the lay public about what prompts patients to file claims against physicians. The basic assumption, despite growing evidence to the contrary, is that patients often have unrealistic expectations about the curative powers of medicine, and when those unrealistic expectations (unsurprisingly) are not realized, there is a predisposition to lash out at the physician and at the same time pursue a financial windfall from a physician whose malpractice liability insurance offers a “deep pocket”[2]. Previous efforts to systematically generate and analyze data on patients who sue their physicians reveal a much more complicated picture. First and foremost, there are many more patients who …
Target studies for DARHT-II multi-pulse e-beam radiography

Summary form only given, as follows. In phase two of the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test facility (DARHT-II), four electron beam pulses of variable pulse length strike an X-ray converter target to produce time-resolved X-ray images. An important requirement for the converter target is to minimize the hydrodynamic expansion of the converter material so that there is enough material to generate the required X-ray dose for all four pulses. It is also important to minimize the amount of backstreaming ions which can deteriorate the spot size. We will present several converter target configurations which include targets that are made of foamed tantalum, foamed Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/, Ta-C composite material, and tantalum foils. Simulation results based on the radiation hydrodynamics code LASNEX and the Monte Carlo radiation transport code MCNP show that most of these targets can produce the required X-ray dose for all four pulses with tolerable X-ray spot size variation. The radiation output from some of these targets in fact exceeds the required dose by a factor of two and the X-ray outputs are robust in terms of spot size variation. Our calculations also show that a barrier foil may block the backstreaming ions for all four pulses.
Differential decay of human faecal Bacteroides in marine and freshwater

Summary Genetic markers from Bacteroides and other faecal bacteria are being tested for inclusion in regulations to quantify aquatic faecal contamination and estimate public health risk. For the method to be used quanti- tatively across environments, persistence and decay of markers must be understood. We measured con- centrations of contaminant molecular markers target- ing Enterococcus and Bacteroides spp. in marine and freshwater microcosms spiked with human sewage and exposed to either sunlight or dark treatments. We used Bayesian statistics with a delayed Chick- Watson model to estimate kinetic parameters for target decay. DNA- and RNA-based targets decayed at approximately the same rate. Molecular markers per- sisted (could be detected) longer in marine water. Sunlight increased the decay rates of cultured indica- tors more than those of molecular markers; sunlight also limited persistence of molecular markers. Within each treatment, Bacteroides markers had similar decay profiles, but some Bacteroides markers signifi- cantly differed in decay rates. The role of extracellular DNA in persistence appeared unimportant in the microcosms. Because conditions were controlled, microcosms allowed the effects of specific environ- mental variables on marker persistence and decay to be measured. While marker decay profiles in more complex environments would be expected to vary from those observed here, the differences we mea- sured suggest that water matrix is an important factor affecting quantitative source tracking and microbial risk assessment applications.
High energy scattering in (2+1)-dimensional QCD.

High energy scattering in (2+1)-dimensional QCD is studied using the recent approach of Verlinde and Verlinde. We calculate the color singlet part of the quark-quark scattering exactly within this approach, and discuss some physical implication of this result. We also demonstrate, by two independent methods, that Reggeization fails for the color octet channel. We briefly comment on the problem in (3+1)-dimensional QCD.
Speaker diarization with plda i-vector scoring and unsupervised calibration

Speaker diarization via unsupervised i-vector clustering has gained popularity in recent years. In this approach, i-vectors are extracted from short clips of speech segmented from a larger multi-speaker conversation and organized into speaker clusters, typically according to their cosine score. In this paper, we propose a system that incorporates probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) for i-vector scoring, a method already frequently utilized in speaker recognition tasks, and uses unsupervised calibration of the PLDA scores to determine the clustering stopping criterion. We also demonstrate that denser sampling in the i-vector space with overlapping temporal segments provides a gain in the diarization task. We test our system on the CALLHOME conversational telephone speech corpus, which includes multiple languages and a varying number of speakers, and we show that PLDA scoring outperforms the same system with cosine scoring, and that overlapping segments reduce diarization error rate (DER) as well.
Connection matrix of the hippocampal formation: I. The dentate gyrus

The hippocampal formation presents a special opportunity for realistic neural modeling since its structure, connectivity, and physiology are better understood than that of other cortical components. A review of the quantitative neuroanatomy of the rodent dentate gyrus (DG) is presented in the context of the development of a computational model of its connectivity. The DG is a three-layered folded sheet of neural tissue. This sheet is represented as a rectangle, having a surface area of 37 mm2 and a septotemporal length of 12 mm. Points, representing cell somata, are distributed in the model rectangle in a roughly uniform fashion. Synaptic connectivity is generated by assigning each presynaptic cell a spatial zone representing its axonal arbor. For each postsynaptic cell, a list of potential presynaptic cells is compiled, based on which arbor zones the given postsynaptic cell falls within. An appropriate number of presynaptic inputs are then selected at random. The principal cells of the DG, the granule cells, are represented in the model, as are non-principal cells, including basket cells, chandelier cells, mossy cells, and GABAergic peptidergic polymorphic (GPP) cells. The neurons of layer II of the entorhinal cortex are included also. The DG receives its main extrinsic input from these cells via the perforant path. The basket cells, chandelier cells, and GPP cells receive perforant path and granule cell input and exert both feedforward and feedback inhibition onto the granule cells. Mossy cells receive converging input from granule cells and send their output back primarily to distant septotemporal levels, where they contact both granule cells and non-principal cells. To permit numerical simulations, the model must be scaled down while preserving its anatomical structure. A variety of methods for doing this exist. Hippocampal allometry provides valuable clues in this regard.
Quantitative levels of the constituents of acid mucopolysaccharides and other carbohydrate polymers in dialyzed normal human urine

1. 1. The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain the technical reproducibility and biologic variability of the constituents of acid mucopolysaccharides and other carbohydrate polymers in normal human urine. 2. 2. Following dialysis, casual specimens of urine may be reliably quantitated for constituents of acid mucopolysaccharides and other carbohydrate polymers when reported in terms of mg per g of excreted creatinine. Values for female adults were significantly greater than for males (P < 0.05). Mean and standard deviation for 53 adults aged 18 to 75 are as follows: hexuronic acid, 8.1 ± 2.2; hexosamine, 24.8 ± 4.6; sialic acid, 21.9 ± 4.1; hexose, 36.7 ± 7.6; fucose, 4.7 ± 1.1. Values for children aged 11 to 15 years are significantly higher (P < 0.01), and for children aged 2 to 10 are approximately double adult levels. 3. 3. Considerably less hexuronic acid is precipitated from the urine by quaternary ammonium salts than is measured by direct analysis of the non-dialyzable material. For adults it is 25 to 55% of the latter, and for children it is about 70%.
Regulation of KCC2 and NKCC during development: membrane insertion and differences between cell types.

The developmental switch of GABA's action from excitation to inhibition is likely due to a change in intracellular chloride concentration from high to low. Here we determined if the GABA switch correlates with the developmental expression patterns of KCC2, the chloride extruder K+-Cl− cotransporter, and NKCC, the chloride accumulator Na+-K+-Cl− cotransporter. Immunoblots of ferret retina showed that KCC2 upregulated in an exponential manner similar to synaptophysin (a synaptic marker). In contrast, NKCC, which was initially expressed at a constant level, upregulated quickly between P14 and P28, and finally downregulated to an adult level that was greater than the initial phase. At the cellular level, immunocytochemistry showed that in the inner plexiform layer KCC2's density increased gradually and its localization within ganglion cells shifted from being primarily in the cytosol (between P1–13) to being in the plasma membrane (after P21). In the outer plexiform layer, KCC2 was detected as soon as this layer started to form and increased gradually. Interestingly, however, KCC2 was initially restricted to photoreceptor terminals, while in the adult it was restricted to bipolar dendrites. Thus, the overall KCC2 expression level in ferret retina increases with age, but the time course differs between cell types. In ganglion cells the upregulation of KCC2 by itself cannot explain the relatively fast switch in GABA's action; additional events, possibly KCC2's integration into the plasma membrane and downregulation of NKCC, might also contribute. In photoreceptors the transient expression of KCC2 suggests a role for this transporter in development. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:132–143, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sepsis Biomarkers in Polytrauma Patients

Despite continual advances in medical care and injury prevention efforts, traumatic injury remains a leading cause of death of Americans with these deaths occurring in a tri-modal pattern. The early phases of this pattern are characterized by immune activation whereas the last phase is marked by profound immune dysfunction. It is during this last phase that many trauma patients die of septic complications pointing to a dire need for a specific biomarker for post-traumatic infection. This article discusses several biomarkers, including emerging ones, for infection and sepsis following trauma including inflammatory cytokines, intracellular proteins, and cellular biomarkers.
Growth Response of Hydrilla to Extractable Nutrients in Prepared substrates

Abstract A new extractant consisting of 0.2N acetic acid, 0.25N ammonium nitrate, 0.015N ammonium fluoride, 0.012N nitric acid, and 0.002N ethylenediaminetetracetic acid was used to extract P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu from a natural lake substrate and from artificially prepared substrates. The precision and effect of extraction time on nutrient yield were measured on the natural substrate. The growth response of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata, Royle) to concentrations of the nutrients estimated with the extractant and to N was measured. Extractable P and Fe increased with extraction time whereas extractable Cu decreased. Extraction time had no effect on extractable K and only the 5 min extraction time resulted in significantly lower yields of Ca and Mg. Hydrilla shoot weight increased linearly under laboratory conditions as nutrient concentrations increased in the rooting media, suggesting that growth was limited by nutrient availability to the roots. High correlation among the nutrients prevented determina...
Femtosecond and Subfemtosecond X-Ray Pulses from a Self-Amplified Spontaneous-Emission–Based Free-Electron Laser

We propose a novel method to generate femtosecond and subfemtosecond photon pulses in a free-electron laser by selectively spoiling the transverse emittance of the electron beam. Its merits are simplicity and ease of implementation. When the system is applied to the Linac Coherent Light Source, it can provide x-ray pulses the order of 1 fs in duration containing about 10(10) transversely coherent photons.
A toggle duplex in hepatitis delta virus self-cleaving RNA that stabilizes an inactive and a salt-dependent pro-active ribozyme conformation

Abstract The antigenomic RNA of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) can form a short duplex, P2a, in which a four-nucleotide sequence within the self-cleaving domain pairs with a sequence just outside the previously defined 3′-boundary of the ribozyme. Both sequences that would participate in forming P2a were previously determined to be non-essential for self-cleavage activity. Ribozymes able to form P2a were less active than those lacking the 3′ P2a sequence when preincubated under the standard low-Na + conditions. Chemical probing of the RNA correlated base-pairing in P2a with this inhibition. Furthermore, mutagenesis and 3′ truncation experiments mapped the inhibitory sequence to P2a. However, raising the NaCl concentration in the preincubation prior to adding Mg 2+ reversed the inhibitory effect. Moreover, with NaCl preincubation, the P2a-containing ribozyme was more active than an otherwise identical ribozyme lacking the 3′ P2a sequence. Non-denaturing gels provided evidence for alternative conformations of the P2a-containing precursor with only the faster-migrating species correlating with the active form. A difference in the temperature-dependence for the rate of cleavage of the P2a-containing ribozyme with and without NaCl, together with a difference in the melting behavior of the RNA in NaCl with and without P2a, suggested that P2a favors the native structure in NaCl. Many derivatives of the HDV ribozymes form inactive conformers; however, this study reveals details of a specific structure that stabilizes both inactive and active conformations of the HDV ribozyme.
Self-Reported Psychiatric Treatment Needs Among Felony Drug Offenders:

Among 280 felony drug sale offenders with substance use disorders, self-reported psychiatric treatment, medication, and symptoms yielded estimates that 40% to 60% had comorbid psychiatric disorders...
Iteration of functions subordinate to schlicht functions

For a fixed schlicht function G using iterations we find necessary and sufficient conditions on the coefficients of a function f so that f is subordinate to G. We also show how these iterations may be used to obtain sharp coefficient inequalities for such functions and apply the results to the Krzyz conjecture for 1 ≤ n ≤ 4.
Isolation and identification of a small molecular weight inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine brain.

Abstract In a search for endogenous regulators for cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (3′:5′-cyclic-AMP 5′-nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.17), we found that the ultrafiltrate of bovine brain homogenate contained a cyclic nucleotide phophodiesterase inhibitor. The inhibitor-containing fraction was further purified by ion-exchange column chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The purified inhibitor was found to be a small molecular weight compound which had a maximum absorption at 248 nm. This compound was identified by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography as hypoxanthine. We suggest that hypoxanthine may serve as an endogenous regulator for the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotide by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
Nuclear protein modification and nucleosomal chromatin structure and function

Abstract The rapid progress in elucidation of chromatin structure has stimulated better definition of the roles of various covalent modifications ofchromatin proteins.
Another SPT crank for the number of smallest parts in overpartitions with even smallest part

By using the M2-rank of an overpartition as well as a residual crank, we give another combinatorial refinement of the congruences spt¯2(3n)≡spt¯2(3n+1)≡0(mod3). Here spt¯2(n) is the total number of appearances of the smallest parts among the overpartitions of n where the smallest part is even and not overlined. Our proof depends on Bailey's Lemma and the rank difference formulas of Lovejoy and Osburn for the M2-rank of an overpartition. This congruence was previously refined using the rank of an overpartition.
Estimates of specific yield with the geoelectric resistivity method in glacial aquifers

Abstract Specific yield is the volume of water that drains from a saturated soil due to gravity relative to its total volume. Methods to determine this hydrogeologic parameter depend on well tests and well sample analyses. Low-cost surface geoelectrical depth sounding after Schlumberger is suggested as an alternative method to estimate specific yield. This method is based on a determination of the layer resistivities for the saturated and unsaturated zone and on the water resistivity. Porosity and the degree of saturation are estimated from the electrical resistivity according to Archie's Law. Specific yields estimated with the suggested geophysical method agree with estimates after Preuss and Todd which are based on porosity and median grain size data. Uncertainties in the relationship between resistivities and porosity and saturation exist due to generalized assumptions on material constants in Archie's Law. For the range of specific yield estimates between 18 and 36% the constants seem to be valid. The method after Preuss and Todd requires a detailed evaluation of porosity and median grain size; it produces best results for D 50 values that are larger than 0.3mm. These values can vary considerably vertically as well as horizontally in the glacial aquifers derived mainly from fluvial outwash of the receding glaciers in southern New England.
A pilot study of morphometric analysis of choroidal vasculature in vivo, using en face optical coherence tomography.

Purpose To study the ability of volumetric spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to perform quantitative measurement of the choroidal vasculature in vivo.
Transient response studies of C4 hydrocarbon oxidation over MnMoO4/MoO3 catalysts

Abstract Transient oxidation of C4 hydrocarbons was studied using the pulse technique over a two-phase catalyst (MnMoO4/MoO3) and its pure phase constituents, MoO3 and MnMoO4. The role of lattice and gas-phase oxygen was examined in the oxidation of 1-butene, 1,3-butadiene, furan, and maleic anhydride using oxygen-free and oxygen-abundant mixtures. The results confirmed the synergy previously observed between the two phases of the MnMoO4/MoO3 catalyst and suggested a catalytic job distribution where oxygen from the MoO3 lattice was incorporated to the hydro-carbon molecule and the MoO3 sites were regenerated through an oxygen spillover mechanism from the MnMoO4 phase.
Studying the Mechanical Sensitivity of Human Colon Cancer Cells Through a Novel Bio-MEMS Force Sensor

Cancer deaths are primarily caused by metastases, not by the parent tumor. During the metastasis, malignant cancer cells detach from the parent tumor, and spread through the patient’s circulatory system to invade new tissues and organs [1]. To study the role played by the mechanical microenvironment on the cancer cell growth and malignancy promotion, we cultured human colon carcinoma (HCT-8) cells in vitro on substrates with varied mechanical stiffness, from the physiologically relevant 1 kPa, 20 kPa to very stiff 3.5 GPa. A novel and versatile micro-electromechanical systems (Bio-MEMS) force sensor [2] is developed to quantify the strength of non-specific adhesion between living cancer cells membrane and probe, an important hallmark of cancer cell malignancy level. Immunoflurescent staining and Confocal microscopy imaging are used to visualize the cellular organelle organization and cooperate to explore the underlying mechanism.© 2010 ASME
Long-range oxidative damage to DNA: Protection of guanines by a nonspecifically bound disulfide

One-electron oxidation of DNA generates a base radical cation (“hole”) that migrates through the duplex and causes damage at guanines. Unrepaired damage may lead to mutations. It has been suggested that “sacrificial guanines” in intron regions of DNA might serve to protect genes from damage. We have investigated the ability of a noncovalently bound sacrificial reagent to protect DNA from damage. Irradiation of an anthraquinone (AQ)-linked DNA duplex injects a radical cation into the DNA that causes reactions at GG steps close to and farther from the AQ. Bis[2-(3-(aminopropyl)amino)ethyl]disulfide, an analogue of spermine, binds to duplex DNA. Irradiation of the AQ-linked DNA in the presence of this disulfide suppresses the reaction at both GG steps and protects the DNA from damage. It is suggested that evolutionary pressure for the preservation of genomic integrity would yield disulfide-containing compounds optimized to bind to DNA and neutralize base radical cations.
Adsorptive-catalytic stripping measurements of ultratrace vanadium in the presence of cupferron and bromate.

Abstract An extremely sensitive stripping voltammetric procedure for ultratrace measurements of vanadium is reported. The method is based on the interfacial accumulation of the vanadium—cupferron complex onto the hanging mercury drop electrode, followed by the catalytic reduction of the adsorbed complex in the presence of bromate. The dual amplification effect associated with these accumulation and catalytic processes results in a detection limit of 4.9 × 10 −12 M (0.25 ppt). The relative standard deviation (at 50 ppt) is 1.6%. The procedure is also very selective. Such coupling of catalytic and adsorptive collection processes holds great promise for the development of an ultrasensitive voltammetric procedure for other trace metals.
Construction of test problems in quadratic bivalent programming

A method of constructing test problems for constrained bivalent quadratic programming is presented. For any feasible integer point for a given domain, the method generates quadratic functions whose minimum over the given domain occurs at the selected point.Certain properties of unconstrained quadratic zero-one programs that determine the difficulty of the test problems are also discussed. In addition, a standardized random test problem generator for unconstrained quadratic zero-one programming is given.
The effect of environmental enrichment on amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity, dopamine synthesis and dopamine release

In two separate experiments, rats were raised in either an enriched condition (EC) or impoverished condition (IC) from 21 to 60 days of age. Experiment 1 assessed amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity and in vivo dopamine (DA) synthesis and metabolism in the nucleus accumbens (NA) and striatum (Str). In Experiment 2, amphetamine-stimulated DA release in the NA and Str was assessed in vitro. The results showed that EC rats have lower basal levels of locomotor activity than IC rats. However, in the presence of amphetamine, EC rats showed a greater increase in locomotion over IC when compared to their own controls. Concomitant with this behavioral difference, EC rats also showed an enhanced neurochemical response to amphetamine in vivo. That is, relative to IC rats, amphetamine produced a greater synthesis of DA in the Str of EC rats, as well as a greater metabolism of DA in the NA of EC rats. In the in vitro DA release experiment, EC rats had a lower concentration of tissue DA than IC. However, in contrast to the in vivo experiment, there were no significant differences between EC and IC rats in amphetamine-stimulated release of DA in vitro in either the Str or NA. The failure of amphetamine to produce differential neurochemical effects in EC and IC rats in vitro may be because this experiment eliminated either pharmacokinetic effects or neurochemical differences in brain regions outside the NA and Str.
A hardware-software co-design approach for implementing sparse matrix vector multiplication on FPGAs

The Field-Programmable Gate Array is an excellent match for the Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiply (SMVM) operation because of its enormous computational capacity and its ability to build a custom memory hierarchy that matches the memory access patterns of the operation. This paper describes a new sparse matrix storage format which works in conjunction with a custom memory subsystem which decodes the format on-the-fly. The SMVM operation is implemented on a single FPGA and a small parallel system of four FPGAs. The parameters that affect the performance of the sequential and parallel designs are investigated as well as the speedup for different matrices.
Simple Primary Structure, Complex Turnover Regulation and Multiple Roles of Hyaluronan

Hyaluronan is a major macromolecular polysaccharide component of the extra-cellular matrix that confers structural frameworks for cells. Despite its relatively simple chemical composition, hyaluronan mediates many other important functional aspects including signalling activity during embryonic morphogenesis, cellular regeneration and wound healing. Abnormalities in hyaluronan metabolism have been implicated in many diseases, such as inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. To date, it has become increasingly clear that hyaluronan production in vertebrates is tightly regulated by three hyaluronan synthases and that hyaluronan catabolism is regulated by an enzymatic degradation reaction involving several hyaluronidases. Together, these discoveries have provided key insights into the physiological roles of hyaluronan and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying altered hyaluronan turnover in diseases. The central aim of this review article is therefore to highlight the multiple roles of hyaluronan in physiological and pathological states via its complex turnover regulation.
Kinetics of the reaction of NCO with ethene and oxygen over the temperature range 295–662K**

Absolute rate constants for the reaction of NCO radicals with ethene were measured as a function of temperature (T=295-652K) and pressure (10–372 Torr). The high pressure rate of the reaction of NCO with ethene was observed to decrease with increasing temperature with the best fit to the data (T=295–447K) given by the following expression: k 1 = 3.0 × 10 − 12 exp ⁡ ( 230 ± 300 ) / R T ) c m 3 molecule − 1 s − 1 At temperatures greater than 447K a rapid reduction in the observed rate was observed, which was interpreted as a rapid decomposition of the adduct formed. In addition, an upper limit on the rate of reaction with oxygen was measured at 295K (
Some applications of thermodynamic formalism to manifolds with constant negative curvature

The purpose of this article is to present a different approach to the analysis of the spectrum of a compact surface of constant negative curvature. To explain our ideas we recall that there exists a highly successful theory for analyzing zeta functions for closed geodesics, originated by A. Selberg. The zeros for this zeta function identify the eigenvalues of the Laplacian for the surface. The main tool in this analysis is the Selberg trace formula [7]. There exists an approach, having its roots in ergodic theory and statistical mechanics, for analyzing zeta functions for geodesic and more general flows. The principle here is quite different from that in the Selberg approach. The zeta function is some form of determinant of a family of “Perron-Frobenius type” operators parameterized by the complex domain. The zeta function behaves like a determinant in that zeros correspond to parameters for which the corresponding operator is not invertible [ 10, 111. Since both methods apply to surfaces of constant negative curvature this suggests that there is some mechanism involving a Perron-Frobenius type operator characterizing the Laplacian spectrum of the surface. 161 OOOI-8708/91 $7.50
The use of documents in identifying ethnographic specimens from the voyages of captain cook

(1972). The use of documents in identifying ethnographic specimens from the voyages of captain cook. The Journal of Pacific History: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 195-200.
Philosophical Concerns About Interpreting AACSB Assurance of Learning Standards

The new Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business International (AACSB) accreditation guidelines specify standards regarding the development of goals and learning objectives for various content areas and “soft” skills such as writing and oral presentation. These standards are being interpreted in a variety of ways across accredited schools of business. The authors argue that these standards are likely to be interpreted and actioned in ways that do not support best practices in education. To frame the discussion, they compare the more traditional model of liberal arts education to the predominant model evolving in schools of business today. They also include a discussion of how “differences” such as learning styles and epistemology become subordinated in the accreditation process. The authors end the article by sharing a “live” example of how some of the AACSB standards have been operationalized and the implications therein.
Combining Ability for Phytophthora infestans Quantitative Resistance from Wild Tomato

Alleles conferring quantitative resistance to late blight disease [Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] were introgressed into cultivated tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (L.)] from resistant wild tomato (Solanum habrochaites Knapp and Spooner). Two sets of sub-near-isogenic lines (sub-NILs) were marker-selected so that each contained resistance QTL alleles from S. habrochaites chromosome 5 or 11. We conducted a combining ability study with the sub-NILs to evaluate the potential utility of the resistance QTL alleles for breeding F₁ hybrid cultivars and identify sub-NILs with the highest combining ability for late blight disease resistance. The sub-NILs were mated with inbred testers in factorial mating designs (Design II). F₁ hybrid progeny from these two sets of sub-NILs, in which each hybrid was heterozygous for one or more QTL resistance alleles on chromosome 5 or 11, were evaluated for P. infestans resistance in replicated field and growth chamber experiments. Differences in combining ability were found in growth chamber but not field experiments, suggesting that sub-NILs contributed similar levels of resistance to their F₁ hybrid progeny in the field, but different levels in the growth chamber. Significant QTL × environment interactions were detected across field and growth chamber experiments. We identified sub-NILs that expressed P. infestans resistance in F₁ hybrid combinations, suggesting that these sub-NILs could be useful for breeding F₁ hybrid varieties with enhanced resistance. The expression of quantitative resistance to P. infestans in F₁ hybrids derived from each sub-NIL parent was provided by multiple QTL alleles from S. habrochaites.
Hierarchical functional timing analysis

We propose a hierarchical timing analysis technique for combinational circuits under the tightest known sensitization criterion, the XBDO delay model. Given a hierarchical combinational circuit, a generalized delay model of each leaf module is characterized first. Since this timing characterization step takes into account false paths in each module, the delay model is more accurate than the one obtained by topological analysis. Then topological delay analysis is performed on the circuit composed of generalized gates replacing the leaf modules, where the "gate" delay model is the derived one. As far as the authors know, this is the first result that shows that hierarchical analysis is possible under state-of-the-art tight sensitization criteria. We demonstrate by experimental results that loss of accuracy in using the hierarchical approach is very minimal in practice. The theory developed in this paper also provides a foundation for incremental timing analysis under accurate sensitization criteria.
Money, banks and endogenous volatility

In this paper I consider a monetary growth model in which banks provide liquidity, and the government fixes a constant rate of money creation. There are two underlying assets in the economy, money and capital. Money is dominated in rate of return. In contrast to other papers with a larger set of government liabilities, I find a unique equilibrium when agents' risk aversion is moderate. However, indeterminacies and endogenous volatility can be observed when agents are relatively risk averse.
Fullerene functionalized polymers

The recent synthesis and macroscopic isolation of C60 (buckminsterfullerene) has stimulated interest in its properties and chemical reactivity. Fullerenes are known to be attacked by nucleophiles and it has been reported that they react with small amines. There is, however, no report on the reaction of fullerenes with polymeric amines. Fullerenes were found to add to amine containing flexible hydrocarbon polymers such as ethylene propylene terpolymer (EPDM-amine) to obtain novel C60 functionalized polymers. These materials are soluble in common solvents. The reaction of the fullerene and polymer was followed by infra-red spectroscopy and viscosity measurements.
Built-in self-test of MEMS accelerometers

A built-in self-test technique that is applicable to symmetric microsystems is described. A combination of existing layout features and additional circuitry is used to make measurements from symmetrically located points. In addition to the normal sense output, self-test outputs are used to detect the presence of layout asymmetry that are caused by local, hard-to-detect defects. Simulation results for an accelerometer reveal that our self-test approach is able to distinguish misbehavior resulting from local defects and global manufacturing process variations. A mathematical model is developed to analyze the efficacy of the differential built-in self-test method in characterization of a wide range of local manufacturing variations affecting different regions of a device and/or wafer. Model predictions are validated by simulation. Specifically, it has been shown that by using a suitable modulation scheme, sensitivity to etch variation along a particular direction is improved by nearly 30%.
The adjustable “pinhole camera” eye of Nautilus

The “pinhole camera” eye of the chambered nautilus, Nautilus pompilius, contains an adjustable pupil which dilates or constricts in response to changes in light intensity. The dynamics of this pupillary reflex were studied. Closing times for the pupil in response to a sudden increase in light intensity were on the order of ninety seconds. Opening times in response to decreased light intensity were approximately fifty seconds. Stimulation of one eye would cause a constriction of the pupil in the unstimulated eye. The time course of this response was different from that seen in the ipsilateral stimulation experiments.
Preoperative assessment and preparation for anaesthesia in children

Paediatric anaesthesia can be challenging but careful preoperative assessment and preparation can make the process positive and successful for the child and their parents and rewarding for the anaesthetic team. During the preoperative assessment, we aim to gather information to plan our anaesthetic technique, assess risk, provide explanations and establish rapport. We describe below the elements of preoperative assessment that will prepare the family and staff for a smooth and safe anaesthetic process.
Note on Power Series with Integral Coefficients

25. " The electron theory of the Hall effect and allied phenomena (II)," PM (6), 32 (1916), 200. 26.. " On the mechanical relations of the energy of magnetisation," PRS 93 (1916), 20. 27. " On the mechanical relations of dielectric and magnetic polarization,' PM (6), 32 (1916), 162. 28. " On the principle of least action in the theory of electrodynamics,' PM (6), 32 (1916), 195. 29. " On the energy in the electromagnetic field (I)," PM (6), 33 J917), 286. 30. " Oh the energy in the electromagnetic field (II)," PM (6), 37 (1919), 164. 31. " On the flux of energy in the electrodynamic field.' PM (6), 34 (1917), 386*. 32. " On Hamilton's Principle and the modified function in analytical dynamics," Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., 34 (1919), 113. 33. " On the mathematical relations of the magnetic field," PM (6), 34 (1920), 673. 34. " On the fundamental formulations of electrodynamics," Phil. Trans Roy. Soc. London A, 220 (1920), 207. 35. (With S. Chapman.) " The influence of diffusion in the propagation of sound waves in air," Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (2), 19 (1920), 341. 36. "Does an accelerated electron necessarily radiate energy on the classical theory? ", PM (6), 42 (1921), 807. 37. " Die Ganssche Theorie ^es Dia-, Para-, und Metamagnetismus," Annalen der Physilc, 75 (1924), 819. 38. (With E. L. Davies.) " The kinetic theory of metallic conduction,' PCPS, 32 (1926), 666. 39. (With T. Bradshaw.) "The formula for the optical.rotatory dispersion of quartz," PRS 122 (1929), 245. 40. (With Irene E. Viney.) "Gravitation and electricity," PM (7), 14 (1932), 243. 41. " On the energy and mechanical relations of the magnetic field," PM (7), 36 (1945), 1. 42. " Note on magnetic energy," Physical Review, 71 (1947), 58. 43. " On magnetic field theories," PM (7), 38 (1947), 453. 44. (With Rosa M. Morris.' 'The boundary value problems of plane stress," PM (7), 38 (1 47), 153. 45. " The therm dynamics of magnetisation," PCPS, 44 (1948), 534.