cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Influences of Shallow Groundwater Conditions in Curve Number-Based Runoff Estimation Methods

Runoff generation process in any watershed is mainly affected by precipitation, land use and land cover, existing soil moisture conditions and losses. Shallow groundwater table conditions that occur in many regions are known to affect the soil moisture retention capacity, infiltration and ultimately the runoff. A methodology that links soil moisture capacity to the shallow groundwater table or High-Water Table (HWT) using a nonlinear functional relationship within a curve number (CN)-based runoff estimation method, is proposed and investigated using single and continuous event simulation models in this study. The relationship is used to obtain an adjusted CN that incorporates the effect of change in soil moisture conditions due to HWT. The CN defined for average conditions is replaced by this adjusted CN and is used for runoff estimation. A single event model that uses Soil Conservation Service (SCS) CN approach is used for evaluation of variations in runoff depths and peak discharges based on different HWT conditions. A real-life case study from central Florida region in the USA was adopted for application and evaluation of the proposed methodology. Results from the case study application of the models indicate that HWT conditions significantly influence the magnitudes of peak discharge by as much as 43% and runoff depth by 48% as the water table height reaches the land surface. The magnitudes of increases in peak discharges are specific to case study region and are dependent on the functional form of the relationship linking HWT and soil storage capacity. Also, for specific values of HWT, an equivalency between HWT-based CN and wet antecedent moisture condition (AMC)-based CN can be established.
Quantitative tremor analysis of Holmes tremor: a case series (P6.066)

Objective: To differentiate the frequency and power of a Holmes tremor from that of essential and Parkinsonian tremors Background: There is a paucity of quantitative data on the characteristic frequency and power of Holmes tremor. The current definition is a symptomatic rest and intention tremor of slow frequency, usually less than 4.5 Hz, determined by clinical observation. Design/Methods: We retrospectively examined medical records, MRI and CT scans, videotapes and 3-dimensional motion capture data gathered between January 2014 and October 2017 from the Emory Movement Disorders Clinic. Three-dimensional motion capture data was obtained in a dedicated laboratory with 14 infrared-sensitive digital video cameras and 60 body surface markers on each subject. Patients were examined in a standardized protocol with ability to capture movements of as small as 0.5mm at 8 millisecond intervals. Results: Four cases of unilateral Holmes tremor were identified, all with unilateral lesions in the thalamus. The average tremor frequency was 3.35 Hz, and reached the highest amplitude with action. Comparative cases of essential tremor and Parkinsonian examined in the same manner will be reported. Conclusions: Holmes tremor is a low frequency tremor of approximately 3 Hz, and shows increased power distally and with action. While there is some overlap in the characteristic frequencies of this tremor with that of Parkinson disease and essential tremor, quantitative analysis of tremor may be helpful in distinguishing these diagnostically. Disclosure: Dr. Vu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tripathi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alexander has nothing to disclose. Dr Factor has nothing to disclose.
Chapter 18 – Quantification of Specific mRNAs by Nuclease Protection

The various permutations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) offer the most compelling quantitative expression profile of a sample. A variety of nucleases and approaches have been used to quantify and characterize specific transcripts in greater detail than can be derived from Northern analysis in a non-PCR format. The basic methodology of nuclease protection accommodates denatured double-stranded DNA probes as well as RNA probes. These techniques include primer extension, the nuclear runoff assay, the ribonuclease protection assay and the S1 nuclease protection assay. In the S1 nuclease assay for the quantification of specific RNA species, purified RNA is hybridized in solution with a labeled probe sequence to form thermodynamically stable hybrid molecules. Any RNA or probe molecules that do not participate in the formation of hybrid molecules are digested away by the single-strand-specific nuclease S1, followed by electrophoresis of the intact hybrid molecules. The size and abundance of protected RNAs are then deduced by autoradiography, performed directly from the gel. Whereas in case of RNase protection assay for the quantification of specific RNA species, purified RNA is hybridized in solution with a labeled antisense probe sequence to form thermodynamically stable double-stranded RNA molecules. Any RNA or probe molecules that remain single stranded are digested by an RNase cocktail. Following electrophoresis, the size and abundance of protected RNAs are then deduced by autoradiography, performed directly from the gel. The key advantage that these techniques offer is that they do not require a reverse transcriptase step. Further, because there is no filter-based immobilization on nucleic acid molecules (as in Northern blots), sensitivity is enhanced.
Abstract B182: Repurposing antiviral T-cells to fight tumors

Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and localizing adoptive cell and checkpoint blockade therapies to solid tumors remain major impediments to successful cancer immunotherapy. Humans experience many viral infections. Once controlled, the host retains memory T-cells throughout the entire body to sense reinfection or recrudescence. Mouse models have demonstrated that when that same virus is reencountered, these T-cells sound an alarm that induces a local immunostimulatory environment that activates and recruits many arms of the immune system. We observed that, like healthy tissue, human tumors are commonly surveyed by memory T-cells specific for previously encountered viral infections. Antiviral T-cell immune surveillance of tumors was recapitulated in mouse cancer models. We tested and discovered that local delivery of adjuvant-free peptide, derived from previously encountered mouse viral infections, recapitulated the sensing and alarm T-cell function within the tumor: recruiting and activating both the innate and adaptive immune system. This approach induced intratumoral accumulation of granzyme B+ CD8+ T and NK cells, and activated dendritic cells within the tumor and subsequently within the tumor draining lymph node. In addition to stimulating the tumor microenvironment, preliminary data suggest activated antiviral T-cells directly killed peptide coated tumor cells. Viral peptide administration arrested rapidly growing and poorly immunogenic B16 melanomas in vivo and this treatment synergized with anti-PD-L1 checkpoint blockade to eliminate measurable tumors, and prevented recurrence in 34% of mice. Most cured mice rejected subsequent B16 tumor challenges at distant sites, indicating that effective systemic tumor-specific immunity was established. In support of the hypothesis that this approach could translate to human cancer immunotherapy, we found that viral peptide alarm therapy of freshly isolated human tumors drove similar immune activation to that observed in mice. This study demonstrates that natural and existing antiviral immunity can be repurposed to fight tumors without the need for adjuvant, vaccination, or personalized identification of immunogenic tumor neoantigens. Citation Format: Pamela C. Rosato, Sathi Wijeyesinghe, J. Michael Stolley, Christine Nelson, Rachel L. Davis, Luke S. Manlove, Christopher A. Pennell, Bruce R. Blazar, Clark C. Chen, Melissa A. Geller, Vaiva Vezys, David Masopust. Repurposing antiviral T-cells to fight tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B182.
Prosthetic Disuse Leads to Lower Balance Confidence in a Long-Term User of a Transtibial Prosthesis.

Residual limb wounds or ulcers are one of the most frequent skin problems reported by lower extremity prosthesis users. Healing often requires prosthesis disuse, which can logically impair physical...
[Establishment of the classified evaluation system on the levels of influenza epidemics through a synthetic index method, in Beijing].

Objective To establish a classified evaluation system for recognizing the levels of influenza epidemics and to explore the new reporting system on influenza epidemics. Methods The following 3 indicators, including 1) the number of influenza-like illness, 2) positive rate of detection on influenza virus nucleic acids, and 3) the number of influenza outbreaks were chosen to calculate the synthetic index and to classify the grades of evaluation. Results 209 weeks during 2013-2017 were classified into 5 grades: Grade 1 were 110 weeks (52.63%), Grade 2 were 47 weeks (22.49%), Grade 3 were 44 weeks (21.05%), Grade 4 were 8 weeks (3.83%), and Grade 5 were 0 week. Conclusion This classified evaluation system provided simple, comprehensive and comparable reference indicators and used for the evaluation on influenza epidemics, also providing suggestions for influenza prevention and control accordingly. Key words: Influenza; Synthetic index; Surveillance; Classification
Residual Right Coronary Artery Stenosis after Left Main Coronary Artery Intervention Increased the 30-Day Cardiovascular Death and 3-Year Right Coronary Artery Revascularization Rate.

Background The outcomes of patients with concomitant left main coronary artery (LMCA) and right coronary artery (RCA) diseases are reportedly worse than those with only LMCA disease. To date, only few studies have investigated the clinical impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on RCA stenosis during the same hospitalization, in which LMCA disease was treated. This study was aimed at comparing the outcomes between patients with and without right coronary artery intervention during the same hospital course for LMCA intervention. Methods and results From a total of 776 patients who were undergoing PCI to treat LMCA disease, 235 patients with concomitant RCA significant stenosis (more than 70% stenosis) were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups: 174 patients received concomitant PCI for RCA stenosis during the same hospitalization, in which LMCA disease was treated, and 61 patients did not receive PCI for RCA stenosis. Patients without intervention to the right coronary artery had higher 30-day cardiovascular mortality rates and 3-year RCA revascularization rates compared to those with right coronary artery intervention. Patients without RCA intervention at the same hospitalization did not increase the 30-day total death, 3-year myocardial infarction rate, 3-year cardiovascular death, and 3-year total death. Conclusions In patients with LM disease and concomitant above or equal to 70% RCA stenosis, PCI for RCA lesion during the same hospitalization is recommended to reduce the 30-day cardiovascular death and 3-year RCA revascularization rate.
Abstract 121: Afferent Renal Nerve Chemo- and Mechanosensitive Responses and the Modulation of Sodium Homeostasis and Blood Pressure

Aim: We hypothesize that challenges to sodium homeostasis differentially activate chemo- vs. mechanosensitive afferent renal nerves to evoke sympathoinhibition, sodium homeostasis and normotension ...
Concerns and needs of research participants with visual disabilities amid the COVID-19 pandemic

As COVID-19 is contagious, researchers stop or delay the data collection requiring in-person meetings with research participants. Potential research participants may consciously or unconsciously change the perspective about human subjects research, probably leading to developing reluctance to participate in it. This study aims to advance knowledge of how potential research participants develop, sustain, and/or change their perspective towards human subjects research during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as how to adequately address their needs and concerns. A convenient sample of 28 participants with visual impairments and blindness completed a phone interview. The interview data were analyzed via open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. The data analysis resulted in 7 main themes and 10 subthemes that covered the study preparations and procedures. We referred to Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory to discuss a set of facilitators to resolve potential participants’ uncertainty and concern about participating in human subjects research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Energy Levels in Transition Diets

Dry matter intake may decrease 10 to 30% during the period three weeks prior to calving. During the last 3 weeks prior to calving it is recommended that the energy density be in the range of 1.5 to 1.6 Meal NE/kg dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) in the range of 13-14%, nonfiber carbohydrate between 33 and 38% and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) 32-50%. More information is needed regarding the metabolizable protein and energy needs of the fetus, placenta, fetal fluids, uterus and mammary gland during the dry period. Proper formulation of rations for protein, energy density, fiber and nonforage fiber carbohydrates will help to increase intake prior to calving. Management of body condition and cow comfort are also critical to assure an excellent transition program.
Virtual Town Halls Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy Among Racial/Ethnic Minorities: Preliminary Findings

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic remains a public health priority, and vaccination is important for ending the pandemic. Racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionally affected by COVID-19 yet report high levels of vaccination hesitancy. Objective We conducted virtual Town Halls to address vaccine hesitancy among racial and ethnic minorities in South Florida. Methods Our approach used social influence and persuasion models. A formative phase gathered meeting preferences from our communities and developed and tested our approach. An implementation phase conducted six virtual Town Halls in partnership with minority community-based organizations. Results The Town Halls reached 383 participants (mean age 37.5 years; 63.4% female, 33.9% male, 2.7% nonbinary; 59% racial/ethnic minority), who completed pre- and post-meeting assessments. Among non-vaccinated participants, at the pre poll, 58% reported a high likelihood of seeking vaccination, rising to 63% at post-assessment. Unvaccinated “non-hesitant” and “hesitant” groups were compared on trusted information sources, and reasons and barriers for vaccination. Non-hesitant participants reported significantly greater trust in the COVID-19 Task Force (97.3% vs. 83.3%) as a source of vaccine information than did hesitant participants. Non-hesitant participants were significantly more likely to endorse family safety (82.5% vs. 63.2%), community safety (72.5% vs. 26.3%), personal safety (85% vs. 36.8%), and wanting to return to a normal life (70% vs. 31.6%), as reasons for vaccination than were hesitant participants. Hesitant participants were significantly more likely to endorse concerns about vaccine safety doubts (63.2% vs. 17.5%) and not believing the pandemic is as bad as people say it is (21.1% vs. 5%) as barriers to vaccination than were non-hesitant participants. Qualitative data revealed high consumer satisfaction with the Town Halls. Conclusion This study supports the feasibility, acceptability, and potential impact of virtual Town Halls for addressing vaccine hesitancy among racial/ethnic minorities; however, our approach was very resource intensive, required an extensive community-university collaborative infrastructure, and yielded a small effect.
In Opposition to the School Prayer Amendment

OF THE UNITED STATES 1981, at 52-53 (102d ed. 1981). 46 Prepared Testimony of William VanAlstyne on S.J. Res. 199 Before the Senate Comm. on the Judiciary, 97th Cong., 2d Sess. 7-9 (Sept. 16, 1982) (on file with The University of Chicago Law Review). For a similar argument, see Cahn, supra note 41, at 993-94. 46 Kauper, Prayer, Public Schools and the Supreme Court, 61 MICH. L. REV. 1031, 1065 (1963); see also Kurland, supra note 30, at 30-31.
Gay men's revenge

He could buy ... Rogaine to thicken his hair. He could invest in Bodyslimmers underwear for men, with built-in support to suck in the waist ... alpha-hydroxy products that slough off dead skin ... bellyand thighshrinking creams ... pectoral implants to make the chest appear more muscular, and calf muscle implants to give the leg a bodybuilder shape ... liposuction to counter thickening middles and accumulating breast and fatty tissue in the chest ... [and] a half-dozen surgical methods for tightening skin.'
Cellular recurrent deep network for image registration

Image registration using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) remains a challenging learning task. Registration can be posed as a two-step problem: parameter estimation and actual alignment/transformation using the estimated parameters. To date ANN based image registration techniques only perform the parameter estimation, while affine equations are used to perform the actual transformation. In this paper, we propose a novel deep ANN based image rigid registration that combines parameter estimation and transformation as a simultaneous learning task. Our previous work shows that a complex universal approximator known as Cellular Simultaneous Recurrent Network (CSRN) can successfully approximate affine transformations with known transformation parameters. This study introduces a deep ANN that combines a feed forward network with a CSRN to perform full rigid registration. Layer wise training is used to pre-train feed forward network for parameter estimation and followed by a CSRN for image transformation respectively. The deep network is then fine-tuned to perform the final registration task. Our result shows that the proposed deep ANN architecture achieves comparable registration accuracy to that of image affine transformation using CSRN with known parameters. We also demonstrate the efficacy of our novel deep architecture by a performance comparison with a deep clustered MLP.
A COMPARISON OF THE LOGIT MODEL AND NORMAL DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS WHEN THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLES ARE BINARY

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a comparison of the logit model and normal discriminant analysis when the independent variables are binary. In the logit model for a dichotomous dependent variable, the parameters can be estimated either by the logit maximum likelihood estimator or by the method of normal discriminant analysis. If the independent variables are normally distributed, the discriminant analysis estimator is the true maximum likelihood estimator and, therefore, is asymptotically more efficient than the logit maximum likelihood estimator. Predictive robustness of the discriminant analysis estimator holds more for discrete explanatory variables than for continuously distributed, non-normal independent variables. In continuously distributed, non-normal independent variables, the magnitudes of the estimated coefficients and not merely the signs of certain linear combinations of them, are required for a complete description of the classification rule. Misapplication of normal discriminant analysis to binary data should be of more concern if the object is the estimation of structural parameters rather than prediction.
A BLACK FEMINIST MODEL OF RAPE MYTH ACCEPTANCE

A Black feminist model was used to investigate rape myth acceptance between African American antirape activists and a comparison group of nonactivists using Cross's (1991) racial identity model and Downing and Roush's (1985) feminist identity model. As predicted, activists rejected rape myths more than nonactivists; the earlier stages of both models were associated with rape myth acceptance; the later stages were associated with rape myth rejection; and activists evidenced more sociopolitical maturity (race and gender consciousness) than nonactivists. The findings suggest that researchers may need to investigate to what degree rape myth acceptance serves an overarching system of social domination where racism and sexism overlap.
Structural analysis of rod GTP-binding protein, Gt. Limited proteolytic digestion pattern of Gt with four proteases defines monoclonal antibody epitope.

The epitope of monoclonal antibody (mAb 4A), which recognizes the alpha subunit of the rod G protein, Gt, has been suggested to be both at the carboxyl terminus (Deretic, D., and Hamm, H.E. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 10839-10847) and the amino terminus (Navon, S.E., and Fung, B.K.-K. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 489-496) of the molecule. To characterize further the mAb 4A binding site on alpha t and to resolve the discrepancy between these results limited proteolytic digestion of Gt or alpha t using four proteases with different substrate specificities has been performed. Endoproteinase Arg-C, which cleaves the peptide bond at the carboxylic side of arginine residues, cleaved the majority of alpha t into two fragments of 34 and 5 kDa. The alpha t 34-kDa fragment in the holoprotein, but not alpha t-guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), was converted further to a 23-kDa fragment. A small fraction of alpha t-GDP was cleaved into 23- and 15-kDa fragments. Endoproteinase Lys-C, which selectively cleaves at lysine residues, progressively removed 17 and then 8 residues from the amino terminus, forming 38- and 36-kDa fragments. Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease is known to remove 21 amino acid residues from the amino-terminal region of alpha t, with the formation of a 38-kDa fragment. L-1-Tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone-treated trypsin cleaved alpha t progressively into fragments of known amino acid sequences (38, then 32 and 5, then 21 and 12 kDa) and a transient 34 kDa fragment. The binding of mAb 4A to proteolytic fragments was analyzed by Western blot and immunoprecipitation. The major fragments recognized by mAb 4A on Western blots were the 34- and 23-kDa fragments obtained by endoproteinase Arg-C and tryptic digestion. Under conditions that allowed sequencing of the 15- and 5-kDa fragments neither the 34- nor the 23-kDa fragments could be sequenced by Edman degradation, indicating that they contained a blocked amino terminus. The smallest fragment that retained mAb 4A binding was the 23-kDa fragment containing Met1 to Arg204. Thus the main portion of the mAb 4A antigenic site was located within this fragment, indicating that the carboxyl-terminal residues from Lys205 to Phe350 were not required for recognition by the antibody. Additionally, the antibody did not bind the 38- and 36-kDa or other fragments containing the carboxyl terminus, showing that the amino-terminal residues from Met1 to Lys17 were essential for antibody binding to alpha t.
Design and evaluation of an active ripple filter with Rogowski-coil current sensing

An active ripple filter is an electronic circuit which cancels or suppresses the ripple current and EMI generated by the power stage of a power converter, thus reducing the passive filtration requirements. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a feedforward active ripple filter which employs a Rogowski coil for ripple current sensing. The design of the active filter is discussed in detail, including the advantages, tradeoffs, and limitations of the approach. Experimental results from a prototype converter system using this approach are presented, and quantitative comparisons are made between a hybrid passive/active filter and a purely passive filter. It is demonstrated that substantial improvements in filter mass and converter transient performance can be achieved using the proposed active ripple filtering method.
Predictive and prognostic markers in colorectal cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a complex pathogenesis involving multiple sequential steps with accumulation of genetic alterations including mutations, gene amplification, and epigenetic changes. Treatment of CRC has undergone a paradigm shift over the past decade due in part to a better understanding of the biology of the disease and development of newer drugs including biologic agents. In the era of personalized medicine, it is attractive to investigate the molecular pathways leading to colorectal cancer tumorigenesis, thus raising the possibility of identifying novel therapeutic targets. It has intuitive appeal to hypothesize that biomarkers that have prognostic and/or predictive value are those that are intimately connected to the pathogenesis of CRC. In this article, we focus on prognostic and predictive markers in CRC that have a substantial body of data in support of their potential role in routine clinical practice.
The usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosing cardiac contusions.

Objectives To assess the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in diagnosing cardiac contusions in patients with blunt trauma. Background For more than a decade, noninvasive tests, including ECGs, cardiac enzymes, nuclear studies, and transthoracic echocardiography have been utilized in an attempt to identify trauma patients with cardiac injuries. These tests have been imperfect in identifying the patients at high risk for mortality. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the charts in 22 patients with transesophageal echocardiographically diagnosed cardiac contusions noting age, race, sex, transthoracic echocardiographic examinations, study quality, and outcome. We also noted the Injury Severity Score, which is a measure of the severity of illness in trauma patients. Higher scores correlate more severe injury and higher mortality. We defined cardiac contusions as presence of wall motion abnormality, including either or both ventricles, in the absence of transmural myocardial infarction on ECG following nonpenetrating chest trauma. Results Over a 30-month period, 81 transesophageal echocardiographic examinations were performed on trauma patients. Among this group, 22 patients were diagnosed as having cardiac contusions. There were 15 patients with right ventricular contusions, 7 patients with left ventricular contusions, and 2 patients with both ventricles involved. We compared this group with all ICU trauma patients admitted to the hospital during this time period. Overall, the contusion patients had an average Injury Severity Score of 27 and a mortality of 27% compared with the overall trauma group with an Injury Severity Score of 33 and a corresponding mortality of 9% (p Conclusions Transesophageal echocardiographically diagnosed cardiac contusion in trauma patients carries a high mortality rate. Transesophageal examinations are safe and provide excellent quality images where transthoracic examinations were inadequate. Right ventricular contusions are approximately twice as common as left ventricular contusions.
Null infinity from a quasi-Newtonian view

A scheme is elaborated which generates unique characteristic initial value data for a general relativistic fluid in terms of initial value data for a Newtonian fluid. The chief ingredient is the demand that the evolution of the general relativistic fluid yield the evolution of the Newtonian fluid as a parameter λ, corresponding to 1/c, goes to zero. The resulting gravitational null data is examined in detail to the first three nontrivial orders in λ. To this order, the data is asymptotically flat at future null infinity and appears to properly incorporate an outgoing radiation condition. The implications of these results for the calculation of gravitational radiation from quasi‐Newtonian systems is discussed.
Assessment of Fiber Deposition on the Conductive Sampling Cowl in the Refractory Ceramic Fiber Industry

Abstract The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) analytical method 7400 for fiber analysis recently has been challenged regarding the source of error that may be introduced when airborne fibers adhere to the inner surface of the conductive sampling cowl. In this study, the problem of fiber loss to the cowl is examined specifically as a part of the environmental monitoring quality assurance program of a major Refractory Ceramic Fiber (RCF) project. The experimental procedure involved using NIOSH method 7400 for the analysis of 113 25-mm mixed cellulose ester (MCE) filters from sampling airborne RCF in the work environment. The extension cowls from these samples were washed, the particulate redeposited on 25-mm MCE filters, and analyzed in the same manner as the original sampling filters. There was an overall fiber deposition to the cowl of 16.5 percent. In 88 percent of the cowls, fibers on the cowl were visible to the eye; where no fibers were visible, the deposition on the exten...
The photochemistry of synoptic-scale ozone synthesis Implications for the global tropospheric ozone budget

The oxidation of nonmethane hydrocarbons represents a source of tropospheric ozone that is primarily confined to the boundary layers of several highly industrialized regions. (Each region has an area greater than one million km2). Using a photochemical model, the global tropospheric ozone budget is reexamined by including the in-situ production from these localized regimes. The results from these calculations suggest that the net source due to this photochemistry, which takes place on the synoptic scale, is approximately as large as the amount calculated for global scale photochemical processes which consider only the oxidation of methane and carbon monoxide. Such a finding may have a considerable impact on our understanding of the tropospheric ozone budget. The model results for ozone show reasonable agreement with the climatological summer distribution of ozone and the oxides of nitrogen at the surface and with the vertical distribution of ozone and nonmethane hydrocarbons obtained during a 1980 field program.
Heat capacities of high melting polymers containing phenylene groups

Heat capacities of solid polyparaphenylene, two variously substituted poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene)s, poly(thio-1,4-phenylene), polyparaxylylene, poly(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenylene carbonate), poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(oxy-1,4-phenylene-oxy-1,4-phenylene-carbonyl-1,4-phenylene) were analysed using an approximate group vibration spectrum and fitting of the skeletal heat capacity to a corrected Tarasov function. The prior developed calculation scheme needed adjustment by two vibrational modes when introducing the phenylene groups. The characteristic parameter θ1 of these polymers has been found to follow a linear relationship with the square root of the weight fraction of phenylene groups in the repeating units, and θ3 varies little from polymer to polymer in this group (θ3 = 40 K). An addition scheme based on approximate frequency spectra for heat capacities of polymers containing phenylene groups is proposed. Its precision is close to experimental accuracy.
Attrition and changes in particle size distribution of lime sorbents in a circulating fluidized bed absorber

The attrition data of calcium oxide pellets in a circulating fluidized bed absorber (CFBA) are presented with a modified second-order attrition model incorporating an asymptotic minimum bed weight and an excess gas velocity from the minimum fluidization. Two sizes (903 and 1764 μm) of calcium oxide pellets are fluidized with several superficial gas velocities. The experimental attrition rate constants obtained from the attrition model are used to fit a modified Arrhenius equation, with a pseudo activation energy term proportional to the excess fluidizing energy. The model with the measured rate constants for single-particle size is used to predict the changes in size distribution in a bed with a mixture of various particle sizes. The present method may be applicable for batch and continuous operations of fluidized beds in which size reduction predominantly results from attrition and elutriation frequently seen in a fast fluidized bed and in a circulating fluidized bed.
Recent developments with implicit Runge-Kutta algorithms

Implicit Runge-Kutta algorithms, in contrast to the explicit algorithms, are easily derivable to any order. The primary disadvantage of the method is the often slow convergence of the interative procedures that are inherent to the implicit algorithms. Recent developments have alleviated this disadvantage. Furthermore, efficient algorithms have been developed that include a reliable automatic step size control.The coefficients for implicit Runge-Kutta algorithms are derived for systems of first and of second order ordinary differential equations. The strategy for the acceleration of the convergence of a step is developed, and the stepsize control and error control are developed. Numerical comparisons are made for a selection of test problems between the implicit Runge-Kutta methods and explicit Runge-Kutta, multistep, and extrapolation methods.
The superoxide ion on supported tungsten: Evidence for surface mobility

Abstract The EPR spectrum of oxygen adsorbed on silica supported tungsten prepared from W(CO) 6 has been assigned to O − 2 on the basis of the g tensor and the hyperfine structure observed with 17 O enriched oxygen . A temperature dependent signal shape above 77 K indicates anisotropic motion of O − 2 on the surface.
Some theoretical problems of the planetary-scale monsoons

Some important theoretical problems of the planetary-scale monsoons which have arisen from recent advances of observational studies are reviewed. These include: (1) the requirement of a strong damping mechanism in the planetary scale vorticity budget of summer monsoon and a similar but weaker requirement for the winter monsoon; (2) the localized barotropic instability of the summer monsoon which is a result of the strong zonal asymmetry of the planetary-scale flow and causes significant nonlinear energy conversions; and (3) the oscillations of the planetary-scale monsoons. It is pointed out that these problems are inter-related and their understanding is also important for the proper simulation of other scales of motion of the monsoon circulation.
COMPARTMENTATION OF GLUTAMIC ACID METABOLISM IN BRAIN SLICES

Glutamic acid metabolism compartmentation in brain cortex demonstrated in vitro, using isotopic labeling
Critical design issues for high-power GaN/AlGaN anti-serial Schottky varactor frequency triplers

In this paper the importance of a new design variable for high power anti-serial Schottky varactors, the aluminum composition of the AlGaN barrier layer, is demonstrated. AlGaN/GaN varactors containing either (1) a high-doped/low-doped GaN region or (2) just a low doped GaN region have been compared demonstrating that the selection of the device structure also depends on the amplitude of the input signal being tripled in frequency. Stronger susceptance modulation is exhibited in AlGaN/GaN ASVs made from Ga-face polar material compared to N-face polar material. Results indicate choosing the proper aluminum composition results in 27% conversion efficiency with an input signal of 5GHz and over 7% conversion efficiency with an input signal of 60GHz along with optimization trends. With input voltage amplitudes over 10V an AlGaN/GaN structure with 15% Al provides greater conversion efficiency than one with 5% Al. Power absorbed in the varactor also increases as aluminum percent increases affecting reliability and power transfer. Results of a GaN ASV performing as a frequency tripler for fundamental frequencies up to 110GHz indicate an advantage to using an AlGaN/GaN epi-structure over only a GaN epi-structure.
Qualidade de ensino e gênero nas políticas educacionais contemporâneas na América Latina

This article examines the concept of educational quality in the context of major global and regional policies proposed by international financial agencies such as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank, world-wide agreements such as those envisioned by Education for All and the Millennium Development goals, and global civil society as the World Social Forum and the World Education Forum. Content analysis of the discourse of these distinct and influential groups reveals that quality is defined and measured exclusively in cognitive terms and reduced to two basic skills: math and reading. Quality, therefore, is dissociated from processes of social change to which education should be a key contributor. Major global policies such as Education for All and the Millennium Development Goals do not consider the importance of inserting gender awareness in the provision of an education of high quality and their objectives see gender only as it relates to equal access to school by girls and boys. It is argued that leaving the treatment of gender out of the curriculum and failing to retrain teachers to recognize gender issues in the everyday practices of the school and classroom contributes to the persistence of values and practices that reaffirm arbitrary and asymmetric distinctions between women and men. The author proposes that from a feminist perspective quality must go well beyond access to include equal treatment of girls and boys in the classroom; a curriculum content that depolarizes gender identities' knowledge that affects people's lives such as sex education, domestic violence, and citizenship; and school practices to develop assertive and confident personalities in girls as well as in boys.
Hematology: ESAs to treat anemia--balancing the risks and benefits.

Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents are widely used in patients with cancer; however, uncertainty persists over their effect on survival. This article discusses the results of a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of these agents in patients with cancer.
Social Capital and Value Creation: A Replication of ‘The Role of Intrafirm Networks’ by Wenpin Tsai and Sumantra Ghoshal

Social sciences researchers commend the scientists in the field of natural science for their history of replication and reproduction of scientific research. Such advocates for replication warn that business research is frequently built on a foundation that is ever evolving and necessitates the replicating of theoretical work. Following this logic, this paper is a replication of the celebrated 1998 article by Tsai and Ghoshal, Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. Replication was conducted utilizing Structural Equation Modeling. The data was collected by the original researchers through a survey administered by mail. The survey comprised questions rated using a Likert scale. Findings mostly support Tsai and Ghoshal’s results with the exception of the relationships among constructs measuring trustworthiness, resource combination and sharing, and product innovation. Utilizing the before-mentioned constructs and the same analysis as Tsai and Ghoshal--structural equation modeling (SEM); the replicated model presented in this paper shows a non-recursive relationship versus Tsai and Ghoshal’s recursive model. All in all, we contend that the replicated model presented in this paper agrees with current literature and is a more comprehensive model than the one offered by Tsai and Ghoshal. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA
95 GHz Airborne Tracking Radar

This paper describes an airborne solid state, 95 GHz tracking radar being used to investigate techniques associated with a millimeter wave terminal homing technology development program. Particular emphasis is placed on the major technology aspects of the radar including the implementation of the four-horn monopulse tracking, the lens antenna, etc. The Georgia Institute of Technology, Engineering Experiment Station (GIT/EES) has designed and developed this state-of-the-art millimeter wave tracking radar system for use by Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL) under subcontract from the General Electric Company Aircraft Equipment Division. The system is being used in the Lincoln Laboratory Millimeter Terminal Homing Program as an instrument to help evaluate various millimeter wave system concepts.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mathematical Abilities of Children With Specific Language Impairment: A 2-Year Follow-Up

A 2-year follow-up of the mathematical abilities of young children with specific language impairment (SLI) is reported. To detect the nature of the difficulties children with SLI exhibited in mathe...
Macrophage phenotype and remodeling outcomes in response to biologic scaffolds with and without a cellular component

Recently, macrophages have been characterized as having an M1 or M2 phenotype based on receptor expression, cytokine and effector molecule production, and function. The effects of macrophage phenotype upon tissue remodeling following the implantation of a biomaterial are largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of a cellular component within an implanted extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold upon macrophage phenotype, and to determine the relationship between macrophage phenotype and tissue remodeling. Partial-thickness defects in the abdominal wall musculature of Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired with autologous body wall tissue, acellular allogeneic rat body wall ECM, xenogeneic pig urinary bladder tissue, or acellular xenogeneic pig urinary bladder ECM. At 3, 7, 14, and 28 days the host tissue response was characterized using histologic, immunohistochemical, and RT-PCR methods. The acellular test articles were shown to elicit a predominantly M2 type response and resulted in constructive remodeling, while those containing a cellular component, even an autologous cellular component, elicited a predominantly M1 type response and resulted in deposition of dense connective tissue and/or scarring. We conclude that the presence of cellular material within an ECM scaffold modulates the phenotype of the macrophages participating in the host response following implantation, and that the phenotype of the macrophages participating in the host response appears to be related to tissue remodeling outcome.
Accelerated Solvent Extraction Followed by On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled to Ion Trap LC/MS/MS for Analysis of Benzalkonium Chlorides in Sediment Samples

Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) were successfully extracted from sediment samples using a new methodology based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by an on-line cleanup step. The BACs were detected by liquid chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using an electrospray interface operated in the positive ion mode. This methodology combines the high efficiency of extraction provided by a pressurized fluid and the high sensitivity offered by the ion trap MS/MS. The effects of solvent type and ASE operational variables, such as temperature and pressure, were evaluated. After optimization, a mixture of acetonitrile/water (6:4 or 7:3) was found to be most efficient for extracting BACs from the sediment samples. Extraction recoveries ranged from 95 to 105% for C12 and C14 homologues, respectively. Total method recoveries from fortified sediment samples, using a cleanup step followed by ASE, were 85% for C12BAC and 79% for C14BAC. The methodology developed...
The leader election criterion for decentralized economic dispatch using incremental cost consensus algorithm

In a smart grid, effective distributed control algorithms could be embedded in distributed controllers to properly allocate electrical power among connected buses autonomously. By selecting the incremental cost of each generation unit as the consensus variable, the Incremental Cost Consensus (ICC) algorithm is able to solve the conventional centralized economic dispatch problem in a distributed manner. The mathematical formulation of the algorithm is presented in this paper. The results of several case studies are also presented to show that the difference between network topologies will influence the convergence rate of the ICC algorithm.
Air sampling methods for s-tetrachloroethane and other related chlorinated hydrocarbons.

Abstract An acid-treated Pittsburgh Activated Carbon (PAC) tube for sampling s-tetrachloroethane in air is described that minimizes sample losses through dehydrogenation and dehydrohalogenation reactions. Commercially prepared NIOSH charcoal, untreated PAC, and acid-treated PAC tubes are compared as to their effectiveness in stabilizing s-tetrachloroethane. Common homologues and analogues of s-tetrachloroethane cause no interference with the gas chromatographic method. In addition the effectiveness of the untreated PAC and acid-treated PAC tubes was also evaluated for four different chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
The Dispersion of Tracer Plumes in Mountainous Regions in Central Arizona: Comparisons between Observations and Modeling Results

Abstract A three-dimensional, time-dependent, nested-grid model is used to calculate the targeting of tracer or Seeding material over complex terrain in northern Arizona. Good agreement with measurements of SF6 tracer is reported in three case studies. Released in upwind valleys, the tracer movement and dispersion are strongly influenced by both valley flow and gravity waves excited by the mountains, as well as by changes in the synoptic flow, which can change substantially even during a single storm. The interaction between the airflow and the topography seem to be the dominant factor determining the dispersion and transport of tracer material.
Imaging A Shallow Paleo-Channel Using 3D Ultra-Shallow Seismic Reflection Methods

A 3D ultra-shallow seismic-reflection survey was conducted to image a shallow paleo-channel at a field site located near Lawrence, KS. An orthogonal survey design was used, with a patch consisting of 4 receiver lines with 48 receivers each and 12 source lines with 16 source locations each. The source and receiver intervals were 0.5 m, and the source line and receiver line intervals were 2 m. The survey design resulted in a total fold of 48, covering an area of ~15.5 m x 35.5 m. Large variations in velocity were present, ranging from 300–600 m/s laterally and ~300–1600 m/s vertically. As normal moveout corrections cannot account for intersecting reflection hyperbolae due to large vertical velocity gradients, the data were processed by extracting offset-dependent subsets based on the optimum window for each reflection. The subsets were NMO corrected independently and stacked together using conventional 3D processing techniques. Despite the large lateral and vertical velocity variations, we were successful in imaging the top of the saturated zone, paleo-channel features, and bedrock located at depths of ~5, 8.2, and 14.4 m, respectively. Results of the 3D survey are in agreement with previous studies conducted at the site.