cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The URICA! II interactive collation system

URICA! II is an interactive collation system for the Apple Macintosh family of personal computers. It is designed to facilitate the collation of texts for the purpose of determining textual variants. The URICA! II system provides several utilities which support the collation and conflation of texts. The collation utilities allow a user to compare interactively two text files and record their differences in a variant data file. If desired, the computer can resolve simple variants automatically, involving the user only to resolve the more difficult variants. The conflation utility combines the variant data files from multiple collations into a single file which lists all of the textual variants, keyed against a common master text.
Emerging functions of basophils in protective and allergic immune responses

Basophils that were long thought to have a redundant role in mast cells in the effector response to allergens and parasites are now being recognized to have important roles in the regulation of adaptive immune responses. Recent data have revealed their role in the initiation of the T helper cell 2 (Th2)-mediated immune response. Not only do basophils guide the Th1–Th2 balance by providing an early source of crucial Th2-skewing cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, but recent findings have also illustrated their capacity to function as antigen-presenting cells. Thus, basophils activate and instruct naive CD4 T cells, and guide their development into Th2 cells. Not only do basophils directly interact with T cells, but new insights have illustrated that they may also directly guide antibody responses in both the primary and memory responses. These and other studies have illustrated the emerging role of basophils in the regulation of type 2 immunity.
Multi-objective regulations on transportation fuels: Comparing renewable fuel mandates and emission standards

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. We compare two types of fuel market regulations - a renewable fuel mandate and a fuel emission standard - that could be employed to simultaneously achieve multiple outcomes such as reduction in fuel prices, fuel imports and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We compare these two types of regulations in a global context taking into account heterogeneity in carbon content of both fossil fuels and renewable fuels. We find that although neither the ethanol mandate nor the emission standard is certain to reduce emissions relative to a business-as-usual baseline, at any given level of biofuel consumption in the policy region, a mandate, relative to an emission standard, results in higher GHG emissions, smaller expenditure on fuel imports, lower price of ethanol-blended gasoline and higher domestic fuel market surplus. This result holds over a wide range of values of model parameters. We also discuss the implications of this result to a regulation such as the US Renewable Fuel Standard given recent developments within the US such as increase in shale and tight oil production and large increase in average vehicle fuel economy of the automotive fleet.
Antiaromatase Agents: Evolving Role in Adjuvant Therapy

The goal of adjuvant hormonal therapy is to prevent breast cancer recurrence. Standard therapy with tamoxifen has shown great value in the adjuvant setting; however, its tolerability profile can render it unsuitable for some patients. The aromatase inactivator, exemestane, and the 2 aromatase inhibitors, letrozole and anastrozole, have been shown to be equivalent or superior to tamoxifen with respect to multiple endpoints in patients with metastatic breast cancer. With tolerability profiles that are similar to, and in many cases, more acceptable than that of tamoxifen, and efficacy potentially superior to tamoxifen, studies using the antiaromatase agents as adjuvant therapy are currently ongoing. These trials will answer some important questions, such as the order in which adjuvant hormonal therapies are selected to maximize efficacy, whether the antiaromatase agents show improved tolerability, and whether combination therapy is more effective than monotherapy.
Vibration and stability of cracked rectangular plates

Abstract The present paper deals with eigenvalue problems of cracked rectangular plates. Vibration and buckling problems are solved for a plate with a crack emanating from one edge and for a plate with a centrally located internal crack. The problems are formulated as dual series equations and reduced to homogeneous Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. The singularity of the solution in each case is isolated and treated analytically. Numerical results for the natural frequencies and moment distributions are compared with the work of other investigators. Vibration and buckling mode shapes are also illustrated for a cracked plate.
A search for amino acids in Apollo 11 and 12 Lunar fines

Abstract Lunar fines from the Apollo 11 and 12 missions have been analyzed for amino acids and a wide range of other derivatizable organic compounds by a highly sensitive gas-liquid chromatographic method. A minimum of 3 to 5 p.p.b. of each amino acid would have been detected, but there were no indications of the presence of free amino acids in the samples. The N-trifluoroacetyl n -butyl ester/gas-liquid chromatographic method has been shown to give recoveries greater than 80% when samples containing 5 ng of each of seventeen amino acids were taken through the total derivatization and chromatography, thus showing that losses due to adsorptive and substrate-derivative interactions were minimal. The method was also shown capable of detecting other organic classes as higher alcohols, amines, fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids. The unhydrolyzed water reflux extract (17 h) of the Apollo 11 fines showed that the concentration of each of the free common amino acids were less than 4 ng/g, however, on hydrolysis of the water extract with 6 N HCl, a large peak was eluted on the glycine—serine region of the chromatogram, and two other peaks at 153° (80 ng/g) and 178° (40 ng/g). The large peak could be contamination as a smaller peak was observed at the same retention temperature in the parallel blank; or these peaks could be due to organic precursors which are hydrolyzed as reported by Fox. The Apollo 12 unhydrolyzed water reflux extract (13 h) was also investigated, and none of the free common amino acids were detected above background ( ca.
A systematic study on group III-nitride thin films with low temperature deposited via MOCVD

Abstract Wide bandgap semiconductor materials provide superior electrical, optical, and thermal properties that classical semiconductors, Si and GaAs, are unable to achieve. However, most commercially available substrates have large lattice and thermal expansion mismatches to III-nitrides films. Thus a high quality buffer layer, grown at low temperatures, is essential in growing high quality III-nitride films. This research provides a throughout study on III-nitrides, such as AlN, GaN and AlGaN thin films, which were grown at low temperatures (400–600 °C). Growth rate, stoichiometry and crystal structure of low temperature growth films will be reported by using several advanced post-growth analysis techniques. Temperature, pressure, and V/III molar ratio were also investigated to determine their effect on the film properties. From the study, a better understanding of the relationships between film properties and growth parameters will be achieved.
SULFHYDRYL-CONTAINING CELLS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Brains of several species were sectioned and stained by theBarrnett andSeligman technique for localizing sulfhydryl groups. Most of the cells of the brain react weakly, but in the phylogenetically older parts, e. g., hypothalamus, amygdaloid nucleus, and cingulate gyrus, certain astrocytes and microglia were observed which were highly reactive. They were observed in all species studied; they are not present at birth in the rat, but develop afterwards. Electrical stimulation of the cortex did not change their staining characteristics. The localization and possible significance of these cells was discussed.
When Kiosk Retailing Intimidates Shoppers: How Gender-Focused Advertising Can Mitigate the Perceived Risks of the Unfamiliar

This study addresses kiosk-based shopping behavior among female consumers. The authors sought to build upon existing promotional retail research that showed and explained gender differences in experiential shopping environments. Upon confirming extant literature findings of gender differences as they apply to perceptions of shopping risk in kiosk environments, the current study manipulates levels of anticipated regret for males and females when shopping in kiosks versus traditional department stores in a between-subjects experimental design incorporating a diverse non-student sample. The robust gender difference indicates that targeted promotions for kiosks are critical to the reduction of possible regret and risk perceptions, especially for females.
Autonomy from the State vs Responsiveness to Markets

In recent years, many governments have granted increased institutional autonomy to public universities, often combined with increased accountability towards the State. At the same time, tertiary education institutions have been challenged to become more responsive to the needs of the market. This article examines the tensions and challenges that these trends create for public universities, and seeks to identify key adjustments that university leaders must make to be able to manage their institutions in a more responsive and innovative manner. It starts by outlining the multiplicity of needs and the range of stakeholders that universities are expected to satisfy. It then highlights the new leadership and management requirements faced by tertiary education institutions intent on responding better to market needs. Finally, it examines the implications of this new state of affairs for institutional autonomy and accountability.
SOYBEAN WHEY PROTEINS-RECOVERY AND AMINO ACID ANALYSIS

SUMMARY-About 14 million Ib of soybean whey protein of high biological value is disposed of as waste based on estimated production figures for soybean concentrates and isolates. An estimated 5-7% annual increase in consumption poses serious waste disposal problems and alternates should be sought. By simulated commercial procedures, yield and protein content of soybean whey were determined. Whey solids account for 2-28% of original nitrogen in dehulled, defatted flakes. Whole whey protein was prepared by dialysis, and whey was also fractionated by heating into heat·coagulable and supernatant proteins. Whole whey protein has a good balance of essential amino acids when compared with a system followed by the Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations based on hen's egg protein. Heat-coagulable and supernatant proteins varied great­ ly: heat-coagulable fractions had 42% of the sulfur amino acid content but 181% of the tryptophan content of hen's egg protein; supernatant protein had 142% of the sulfur amino acid content but only about 60% of the isoleucine, valine, leucine and tryptophan content of hen's egg protein. All three whey protein fractions would be suitable for addition to feeds.
Effect of Anode Film Resistance on the Charge/Discharge Capacity of a Lithium-Ion Battery

Lithium-ion batteries are prone to failure, because both their capacity and rate capability decrease with cycling. Side reactions, which decrease the cell's cyclable lithium content, can be responsible for capacity fade. An increase in cyclable lithium content is also possible, but is limited by the initial overall lithium content. Formation of a solid electrolyte interphase film on the carbonaceous anode not only consumes cyclable lithium, but also increases the anode resistance, thus reducing the rate capability of the cell, as demonstrated via computer simulation of a lithium-ion cell. Simulations also suggest that the use of cutoff potentials may not effectively prevent undesired irreversible side reactions on overcharge or overdischarge.
Linguistic Influences on the Emergence of Written Word Decoding in First Grade

This longitudinal investigation examined the linguistic influences on the emergence of written word decoding in a group of typically developing first-grade children. Sixty children were administere...
Parity-based mirror inversion for efficient quantum state transfer and computation in nearest-neighbor arrays

We introduce an efficient scheme for quantum state transfer that uses a parity-based mirror inversion technique. We design efficient circuits for implementing mirror inversion in Ising ${\mathbit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathbf{X}}{\mathbit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathbf{X}}$ and ${\mathbit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathbf{Y}}{\mathbit{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}_{\mathbf{Y}}$ coupled systems and show how to analytically solve for system parameters to implement the operation in these systems. The key feature of our scheme is a three-qubit parity gate, which we design as a two-control one-target qubit gate. The parity gate operation is implemented by only varying a single control parameter of the system Hamiltonian and the difficulty of implementing this gate is equivalent to that of a controlled-not gate in a two-qubit system. By applying a sequence of $N+1$ parity-based controlled-unitary operations between nearest-neighbor qubits, where all qubits in an $N$-qubit chain function either as controls or targets, we are able to reverse the order of all qubits along the array. These operations are accomplished by varying only a single control parameter per data qubit. The control parameter depends on the physical system under consideration and on the choice of the designer. Since every qubit participates in the mirror-inversion process functioning either as a control or target, all nearest-neighbor couplings are used. Therefore, we do not need additional measures to cancel the effect of any unwanted interactions and the quantum cost of our scheme does not increase in systems that do not have the ability shut off couplings. Moreover, our scheme does not require additional ancillas, nor does it use a pre-engineered mirror-periodic Hamiltonian to govern the evolution of the system. Using our mirror inversion scheme, we also show how to implement a swap gate between two arbitrary remote qubits, move a block of qubits, and implement efficient computing between two remote qubits in nearest-neighbor layouts.
Segmentation and Classification Using Logistic Regression in Remote Sensing Imagery

This paper presents techniques for segmentation and change classification using logistic regression. The research was conducted on SPOT 5 multispectral multitemporal images covering the 2010 floods in Pakistan. Segmentation was performed to extract the built up area (BUA) from the satellite images and change detection was performed to find the damaged BUA. The damaged area was classified into three categories based on the extent of damage. The segmentation results were validated using statistical measures like precision, recall, and dice coefficient on available ground truth. The results of change classification were compared and found consistent with the manual assessment report produced by UNO experts using Worldview 1 satellite imagery with submeter resolution. The proposed scheme and results give an indication that SPOT 5 imagery can be used for fast automatic damage assessment and classification immediately after a natural calamity. The proposed change detection technique was also applied on Unites States Geographical Survey dataset. We compared our change detection results with established methods like change vector analysis, Principal component analysis using K-means and commercially available software Erdas Imagine on both the above-mentioned datasets. The comparison results suggest that our proposed algorithm performs better than the other methods.
Commentary on: Effect of incision choice on outcomes in primary breast augmentation.

“Effect of Incision Choice on Outcomes in Breast Augmentation,” by Jacobson et al,1 is an interesting article providing us with additional insight into capsular contracture (CC). For the past 50 years, plastic surgeons have been plagued by CC and its effects on aesthetic and reconstructive breast implant patients. It is important for the reader to keep in mind that we’ve learned a great deal in the past 20 years with regard to CC. A wealth of solid scientific data now points to the primary cause of CC being bacteria, biofilms, and subclinical infection. The authors present some additional information that will help surgeons educate patients and assist in their preoperative decision-making. The five critical decisions that surgeons make during breast augmentation planning have been previously described, with the incision being the final (and least important) of the five.2 Nevertheless, due to the growing data in support …
Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to an indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in the dog.

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared to an indirect immunofluoresnce assay (IFA) for detection of IgG antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dog sera. The concordance of the two tests was 93.5% for sera from dogs from Maryland ( n = 93), 98.0% for sera from dogs from North Carolina ( n = 446), and 97.2% for the combined sample groups ( n = 539). Twenty-five of the 27 samples with discordant or low positive results were tested, and showed immunoblot reactions to 1 to 10 different bands. Reaction patterns and intensity of the bands were quite variable, and did not explain a reason for the discordance.
Signature whistles of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus: stability and mother-offspring comparisons

Mother-calf whistle exchanges were recorded from temporarily captured free-ranging bottlenose dolphins from 1975 to 1989. This is part of a long-term research project studying social structure and behavior of a community of approximately 100 dolphins in waters near Sarasota, Florida. Analysis of whistle exchanges from 12 mothercalf pairs shows that signature whistles can remain stable for periods up to at least 12 years. We looked for effects of vocal learning on the development of the signature whistle by comparing whistles of calves to those of their mothers. Eight female calves produced whistles distinct from those of their mothers, while four male calves produced whistles similar to those of their mothers. Male calves appeared to produce a greater proportion of whistles other than the signature whistle (termed “variants”). We hypothesize that these sex differences in whistle vocalizations may reflect differences in the roles males and females play in the social structure of the community.
Photographic image intensification by autoradiography

Images on developed photographic emulsions can be significantly intensified by making the image silver radioactive and exposing a second emulsion to this radiation. Because the print, an autoradiograph, reproduces the original with significant increases in density and contrast, the method can be used to enhance underexposed emulsions and to increase the limits of photographic detection. This paper reports a new, practical chemical method for activating the silver, using thiourea labeled with sulfur-35, a process convenient for use in photographic laboratories. Speed increases of 13 and contrast increases of 18 were achieved with Kodak Plus-X film in this initial phase.
Thrombin is the major serum factor stimulating phosphoinositide turnover, but not DNA synthesis in human neuroblastoma SH-EP cells.

Abstract Fetal calf serum stimulates both phosphoinositide turnover and DNA synthesis in SH-EP cells. The phosphoinositide turnover-stimulating activity of serum is largely (70%) reduced in the presence of hirudin, a blocker of thrombin activity. Yet, hirudin does not alter the ability of serum to stimulate DNA synthesis. Purified α-thrombin is a potent (EC 50 , 35 pM) stimulator of phosphoinositide turnover in SH-EP cells, but induces DNA synthesis only at much higher concentration (10 nm-1 μM). Thus, serum thrombin accounts for most of the ability of serum to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis, but not for the effect of serum on cell division, since the concentration of thrombin in serum is not sufficient to induce DNA synthesis. These data suggest that hydrolysis of inositol lipids may not be the main signalling event mediating the mitogenic effects of α-thrombin.
A planning process perspective on student activists’ upward influence attempts to effect campus change

Student activists have a long history of attempting to shape campus policy and programs, yet the ultimate power and decision making lies with campus administrators. Thus, in order to bring about positive changes student activists need to effectively influence administrators. Such a university hierarchy makes student activism a natural context for study in compliance gaining. This qualitative study linked cognitive processes of plans and planning to compliance-gaining message production. Results showed that strategy and tactic selection differed with negative strategies used only during bottom-up planning. Additionally, traditional approaches to studying planning were not always adequate to describe compliance-gaining communication. Thus we suggest a fourth approach: postconversational planning.
Pre‐MRI Procedure Screening: Recommendations and Safety Considerations for Biomedical Implants and Devices

Maintaining a safe MR environment is a daily challenge for MR healthcare workers, especially in consideration of the increasing number of clinical MR applications and the large and growing variety of biomedical implants and devices that are currently used in patients. This review article presents policies and procedures that should be used to screen all patients and individuals before allowing them to enter the magnetic resonance (MR) environment. Information pertaining to MR safety and the relative risk factors for implants, devices and materials is discussed. A comprehensive pre-MRI procedure screening form that is recommended for use by MR facilities is also included.
Calculation of Wbb̄ production via double parton scattering at the LHC

We investigate the potential to observe double parton scattering at the Large Hadron Collider in $pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}Wb\overline{b}X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\ell}\ensuremath{\nu}b\overline{b}X$ at 7 TeV. Our analysis tests the efficacy of several kinematic variables in isolating the double parton process of interest from the single parton process and relevant backgrounds for the first $10\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity. These variables are constructed to expose the independent nature of the two subprocesses in double parton scattering, $pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\ell}\ensuremath{\nu}X$ and $pp\ensuremath{\rightarrow}b\overline{b}X$. We use next-to-leading order perturbative predictions for the double parton and single parton scattering components of $Wb\overline{b}$ and for the pertinent backgrounds. The next-to-leading order contributions are important for a proper description of some of the observables we compute. We find that the double parton process can be identified and measured with significance $S/\sqrt{B}\ensuremath{\sim}10$, provided the double parton scattering effective cross section ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\sim}12\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mb}$.
A time-domain approach to reactive current minimization in nonsinusoidal situations

For the optional LC compensator design, the RMS (root mean square) values of the sources voltage harmonics and the load susceptances, have to be measured. It is shown that the optimal capacitance of such an LC compensator can be determined in the time domain without this information. This can be done by an iterative procedure which requires that the scalar product of the load current and the derivative of the capacitor voltage and their RMS values be measured. >
The eta ganglion cell type of cat retina

We define a new bistratified ganglion cell type of cat retina using intracellular staining in vitro. The theta cell has a small soma, slender axon, and delicate, highly branched dendritic arbor. Dendritic fields are intermediate in size among cat ganglion cells, with diameters typically two to three times those of beta cells. Fields increase in size with distance from the area centralis, ranging in diameter from 70 to 150 microns centrally to a maximum of 700 microns in the periphery. Theta cells have markedly smaller dendritic fields within the nasal visual streak than above or below it and smaller fields nasally than temporally. Dendritic arbors are narrowly bistratified. The outer arbor lies in the lower part of sublamina a (OFF sublayer) of the inner plexiform layer where it costratifies with the dendrites of OFF alpha cells. The inner arbor occupies the upper part of sublamina b (ON sublayer), where it costratifies with ON alpha dendrites. The outer and inner arbors are composed of many relatively short segments and are densely interconnected by branches that traverse the a/b sublaminar border. Experiments combining retrograde labeling with intracellular staining indicate that theta cells project to the superior colliculus and to two components of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (the C laminae and medial interlaminar nucleus). Theta cells project contralaterally from the nasal retina and ipsilaterally from the temporal retina. They apparently correspond to a sluggish transient or phasic W-cell with an ON-OFF receptive field center.
Synchronizer A Web-Based Application to Enhance Capabilities of NEESCentral Web Portal

This paper discusses the development of a web- based application named Synchronizer to enhance the capability of the NEESCentral Web Portal. The NEESCentral Web Portal is a cyber infrastructure tool available to all NEES participants and is designed to provide a simple way for researchers to share and archive their project data with NEES Repository. Synchronizer has been developed to assist multi-member projects in organizing and sharing local data with NEES Data Repository frequently. Synchronizer allows project members to connect to NEES Data Repository to download and upload data in bulk where the application automatically checks for updated files with options to replace, rename, or to keep them all. The application also allows the project administrator to put different restrictions on each project member in accessing the files and sub-directories. Synchronizer uses Mozilla Fire Fox for obtaining "GAsession ID " cookie and Internet Explorer for executing the application. The code has been developed with HTML embedded scripting language PHP, MySql open- source database, Microsoft Window Software Development Kit (Microsoft Platform SDK), GNU Wget, and Adobe Macromedia Dreamweaver web design and development tool. Users from the Pathways project have given Synchronizer very good comments.
Effect of Poultry Litter to Water Ratios on Extractable Phosphorus Content and its Relation to Runoff Phosphorus Concentrations

Source factors with regard to phosphorus (P) loss in runoff waters are often soil test P and P content of fertilisers applied. More recently, water extractable P (WEP) fractions in fertilisers and animal manure have been the focus of many field and plot-scale studies. This study evaluated changes in the WEP content of six poultry litters by varying the extraction ratio from 1:10 (20 g fresh poultry litter to 200 ml water) to 1:200 (1 g fresh poultry litter to 200 ml water), and also the relation between WEP content determined at these different ratios and P concentrations in runoff water collected during rainfall simulations. Six different poultry litters were surface-applied at equivalent total P (TP) application rates (∼67 kg [TP] ha−1) to 1·52 by 6·10 m grass plots on a 5% slope which received artificial rainfall at 5 cm h−1 until 30 min of continuous runoff was observed. Four plots were used per treatment including four control plots (no poultry litter application). Water-extractable P content of the various poultry litters increased with a decrease in the amount of poultry litter used in the extraction, i.e. from an extraction ratio of 1:10 to 1:200. However, these results also suggest that the 1:10 extraction ratio may extract different fractions of WEP compared to the 1:200 extraction ratio, and that some variability in dry weight extraction ratios existed when using fresh poultry litter. Water-extractable P application rates were positively correlated to P concentrations in runoff waters from the small plots. This study reaffirmed the importance of WEP content of poultry litter when determining the potential for P loss in surface runoff but demonstrated differences in the relation between runoff soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations and WEP application rates related to the runoff to rainfall ratio.
Quality of Trimming and its Effect on Stretch Flanging of Automotive Panels

Traditional trimming requires accurate alignment of the die shearing edges, typically 5–10% of the blank thickness. Increasing the clearance above the recommended value often leads to generation of burrs on the trimmed surface. These burrs may create difficulties for flanging and hemming operations. Details of trimming technology for panels made out of aluminum sheet AA6111-T4 with elastic offal support will be discussed, including such factors as die radii of the tooling, effect of tooling wear, and trimming angle on the quality of trimmed surface. Also, imperfections on the trimmed edge of the panel may result in reduced formability in stretched flanging and hemming operations. Experimental results quantifying the behavior of trimmed surface in stretching will be provided for both a conventional trimming process and a newly developed process.
Special Issue on Web Services Management: Introduction

from the IEEE Conference on E-Commerce (CEC’03), held in Newport Beach, California on June 24–27, 2003. The papers selected for this special issue show a very good coverage of the technical challenges, which need to be met to enable seamless integration and management of business processes across enterprises. Business activity management is becoming one of the most critical areas to transform a business into an adaptive enterprise. J. Jeng et al use web services and policies to develop an interoperable and adaptive business activity management system. A policy framework for web service based business activity management is presented. The business activity management policy framework is based on the requirements gathered from real-world cases in supply chain management. McGregor and Schiefer introduce a web service framework to provide business decision makers with comprehensive information about the status and performance of business processes. Their approach supports a near realtime integration of audit trail data from the executed processes and can reduce the latency for obtaining key performance indicators. The event processing container is used to provide a high performance event processing environment and can handle a large number of process events in near realtime. A travel agency case study is presented. For enterprises to collaborate at the business process level, they must handle the public conversation processes specifying inter-enterprise document flows, and the private business processes specifying internal document flows. Q. Chen et al implemented a collaborative process manager to support inter-enterprise business collaboration. Their approach is based on peer-topeer process interaction model. Hung and Qiu discuss one of the classical security policies that deals with conflict of interest – the Chinese wall security policy. They use the WS-Policy to specify and implement conflict of interest assertion. They demonstrate how to specify security assertions for preventing conflict of interest in the web services matchmaking process. They also describe a web service matchmaking process for assigning activities to web services. ISeB (2004) 2:57–58 DOI 10.1007/s10257-004-0040-8
When pouring water on the fire makes it burn brighter

Earlier work seems to suggest that overexpression of uncoupling protein 1 would be anti-inflammatory. However, new findings show that expression of uncoupling protein 1 in aortic smooth muscle cells of mice increases reactive oxygen species, activates the renin-angiotensin system, elevates blood pressure, and worsens atherosclerosis.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for proteolytically inactivated antithrombin-III: use of sodium dodecyl sulfate to eliminate signal due to intact antithrombin-III.

Abstract Antithrombin III (AT-III) is a serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that can be catalytically inactivated by human neutrophil elastase (HNE) without inhibiting HNE activity. As with catalytic inactivation of most serpins, the cleaved form of the inhibitor is difficult to measure in the presence of active inhibitor. One major difference between the cleaved and intact forms of AT-III is that the cleaved form adopts a more stable conformation. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), we were able to devise an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) capable of detecting cleaved AT-III in the presence of intact AT-III. It seems likely that the SDS alters the intact AT-III so that it is not detected in the ELISA. As little as 5 μg/ml HNE-cleaved AT-III could be detected when spiked into human plasma; HNE-cleaved AT-III spiked into human plasma at different levels was recovered as expected. Thrombin-cleaved AT-III was also detected using this ELISA. The generation of cleaved AT-III in human plasma by HNE in the presence of heparin could be monitored as well. The cleaved AT-III ELISA is a novel, yet simple way to measure proteolytically inactivated AT-III in the presence of intact AT-III and should be useful for studying the role of proteolytic inactivation of serpins such as AT-III in vivo .
Factors affecting the carbon allowance market in the US

The US carbon allowance market has different characteristic and price determination process from the EU ETS market, since emitting installations voluntarily participate in emission trading scheme. This paper examines factors affecting the US carbon allowance market. An autoregressive distributed lag model is used to examine the short- and long-run relationships between the US carbon allowance market and its determinant factors. In the long-run, the price of coal is a main factor in the determination of carbon allowance trading. In the short-run, on the other hand, the changes in crude oil and natural gas prices as well as coal price have significant effects on carbon allowance market.
A monoclonal antibody (SJ-9A4) to P24 present on common alls, neuroblastomas and platelets - II. Characterization of P24 and shedding in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract The release of soluble P24 antigen into culture medium by common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (C-ALL) and neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines was studied. P24 release by C-ALL cells was detected using a solid phase indirect radioimmunometric assay (IRA) which combines the specificity of lectins and monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and using immunoadsorption of labeled P24 in spent medium from cells incubated with 35 S-methionine (met). No P24 was present in the medium of cells pulse labeled at 37°C when they were placed at 4°C, thus this is an active process. P24 release by NB cells could not be detected by IRA, but could be detected by immunoadsorption of spent medium of metabolically-labeled cells. The absence of IRA activity of P24 from NB spent medium was due to decreased glycosylation and thus no binding to the lectins employed in the IRA was observed. This was confirmed by lectin affinity chromatography which showed that P24 in the spent medium from C-ALL cells bound Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA 1 ), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), concanavalin A (Con A), and lentil lectin (LcH), but not peanut agglutinin (PNA). P24 from NB cell spent medium did not bind to any of these lectins. The lectin affinity of P24 derived from lymphoblasts is consistent with the presence of N -linked oligosaccharide chains having N -acetyl glucosamine residues, a mannose core, and a terminal d -galactose. P24 from C-ALL cell spent medium was present in the 35–45% fraction of a saturated ammonium sulfate (SAS) partition of spent medium. The P24 antigen was detected in the fractionated plasma of five patients with C-ALL at the time of diagnosis and was undetectable when the patients had achieved a complete remission. Plasma from 2 patients with P24 negative ALL, normal human plasma and normal human serum had no detectable activity.
Recombinant leukocyte a interferon with doxorubicin. A phase I study in advanced solid neoplasms and implications for hepatocellular carcinoma

A pilot study was performed on seven patients with advanced solid neoplasms. They received recombinant leukocyte interferon A (rIFN-alpha A) 12 X 10(6) U/m2 intramuscularly daily for 5 days plus doxorubicin, 25 mg/m2 IV on day 3 of each monthly cycle (Roferon-A, Hoffman-LaRoche, Nutley, NJ). Because of side effects, the dose was not increased above the initial level. There was a striking partial response of biopsy-confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma for 6+ months along with a decrease in alpha-fetoprotein from 39,000 to 202 ng/mL. The doxorubicin dose is approximately 33% to 42% of the typical single-agent dose, thus suggesting that the clinical toxicity from these two agents is additive.
Linear driving force approximation for intraparticle diffusion and convection in permeable supports

The objective of the communication is to determine if a linear-driving force (LDF) approximation can be used instead of a more rigorous diffusion-convection on the breakthrough behavior under conditions of nonlinear adsorption with a favorable isotherm. Such an approximation is commonly used in the simulation of fixed-bed adsorption operations and chromatography (Ruthven, 1984). However, its use in simulating process in which intraparticle convection is important has not yet been established
Zero resistance at 107 K in the (Bi,Pb)-Ca-Sr-Cu oxide system.

The 110-K superconducting transition in the Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O system has been observed by many researchers. However, not even a filamentary path has been obtained connecting these regions in multiphase, polycrystalline samples. We have achieved zero resistance at temperatures exceeding 100 K in several samples by adding Pb to the system. The highest value we have observed is ${T}_{c}$,zero=107 K for ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1.8}$${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{y}}$.
Gamma-ray transitions in 29P

Abstract A study was made at the 1.381 MeV resonance of the 28Si(p, γ)29P reaction. Lifetimes of the resonance level and of the first and second excited states in 29P were determined with the Doppler shift attenuation method, to be 0.013+0.006−0.003, 0.24+0.11−0.06 and 0.39+0.19−0.10ps, respectively. Accurate energies were determined for the four γ-rays seen at this resonance and for the three energy levels involved. Angular distribution measurements yielded an unambiguous spin assignment of 7 2 for the resonance level, and the γ-ray branching ratio of this level was obtained.
Optimum Structural Design with Plate Bending Elements—A Survey

A survey is presented of recently published papers in the field of optimum structural design of plates, largely with respect to the minimum-weight design of plates subject to such constraints as fundamental frequency maximization. It is shown that, due to the availability of powerful computers, the trend in optimum plate design is away from methods tailored to specific geometry and loads and toward methods that can be easily programmed for any kind of plate, such as finite element methods. A corresponding shift is seen in optimization from variational techniques to numerical optimization algorithms. Among the topics covered are fully stressed design and optimality criteria, mathematical programming, smooth and ribbed designs, design against plastic collapse, buckling constraints, and vibration constraints.
High–glycemic Index Foods, Hunger, and Obesity: Is There a Connection?

The relative importance of different dietary causes of obesity remains controversial. This review examines whether consumption of high-glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates may be a contributing factor. Although data from long-term studies are lacking, short-term investigations indicate that consumption of high-GI carbohydrates may increase hunger and promote overeating relative to consumption of items with a lower GI. As long-term research on GI and weight regulation accumulates, consumption of whole grain and lower GI cereals instead of highly refined cereals is a dietary change that may help prevent overeating and is consistent with current dietary guidelines.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Supercooled Liquid Metals and Glasses

The thermodynamic, transport and structural properties of a binary metallic glass former in solid, liquid, and glass phases were studied using molecular dynamics simulation. We used a model binary alloy system with a sufficient atomic size mismatch and observed a glass transition in a quenching process. The diffusivity and viscosity were calculated in the liquid state and the super-cooled liquid state. The smaller atom showed higher diffusivity and more configurational randomness compared to the larger atom. The viscosity increased abruptly around the glass transition temperature. The solvent/solute concentration effect on the glass transition was examined in terms of a packing fraction. We find that the glass forming ability increases with the packing fraction in the liquid state because the densely-packed material requires more time to rearrange and crystallize.
Carotenoid uptake and secretion by CaCo-2 cells: β-carotene isomer selectivity and carotenoid interactions

In presence of oleate and taurocholate, differentiated CaCo-2 cell monolayers on membranes were able to assemble and secrete chylomicrons. Under these conditions, both cellular uptake and secretion into chylomicrons of beta-carotene (beta-C) were curvilinear, time-dependent (2-16 h), saturable, and concentration-dependent (apparent K(m) of 7-10 microM) processes. Under linear concentration conditions at 16 h incubation, the extent of absorption of all-trans beta-C was 11% (80% in chylomicrons), while those of 9-cis- and 13-cis-beta-C were significantly lower (2-3%). The preferential uptake of the all-trans isomer was also shown in hepatic stellate HSC-T6 cells and in a cell-free system from rat liver (microsomes), but not in endothelial EAHY cells or U937 monocyte-macrophages. Moreover, extents of absorption of alpha-carotene (alpha-C), lutein (LUT), and lycopene (LYC) in CaCo-2 cells were 10%, 7%, and 2.5%, respectively. Marked carotenoid interactions were observed between LYC/beta-C and beta-C/alpha-C. The present results indicate that beta-C conformation plays a major role in its intestinal absorption and that cis isomer discrimination is at the levels of cellular uptake and incorporation into chylomicrons. Moreover, the kinetics of cellular uptake and secretion of beta-C, the inhibition of the intestinal absorption of one carotenoid by another, and the cellular specificity of isomer discrimination all suggest that carotenoid uptake by intestinal cells is a facilitated process.
The pathology and genetics of metastatic pancreatic cancer.

Abstract Context.—Metastatic disease is the most critical determinant of resectability of pancreatic cancer and accounts for the poor outcome of patients with this disease. Thus, a better understanding of metastatic pancreatic cancer will afford new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Objective.—To summarize and discuss the current understanding of the clinical and molecular features of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Data Sources.—Published literature on advanced stage pancreatic cancer, pancreatic cancer metastasis, and autopsy findings in patients with pancreatic cancer. Conclusions.—In the clinical setting, it can be difficult to distinguish a metastatic pancreatic carcinoma from primary neoplasms in the liver, lung, or ovary. However, immunolabeling for DPC4 protein as part of a diagnostic panel is useful for making this distinction. Emerging data from a variety of investigators now indicate that overexpression of EphA2, loss of DPC4 and MKK4, and aberrant activation of the Hedgehog signaling p...
Combining effects from rare and common genetic variants in an exome-wide association study of sequence data

Recent breakthroughs in next-generation sequencing technologies allow cost-effective methods for measuring a growing list of cellular properties, including DNA sequence and structural variation. Next-generation sequencing has the potential to revolutionize complex trait genetics by directly measuring common and rare genetic variants within a genome-wide context. Because for a given gene both rare and common causal variants can coexist and have independent effects on a trait, strategies that model the effects of both common and rare variants could enhance the power of identifying disease-associated genes. To date, little work has been done on integrating signals from common and rare variants into powerful statistics for finding disease genes in genome-wide association studies. In this analysis of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 data, we evaluate various strategies for association of rare, common, or a combination of both rare and common variants on quantitative phenotypes in unrelated individuals. We show that the analysis of common variants only using classical approaches can achieve higher power to detect causal genes than recently proposed rare variant methods and that strategies that combine association signals derived independently in rare and common variants can slightly increase the power compared to strategies that focus on the effect of either the rare variants or the common variants.
A mathematical model of joint congestion control and routing in multisource networks

In this paper we study a model of joint congestion control and routing in a ring network of sources with a single destination at the center (Figure 2). A utility maximization problem subject to routing constraints is posed and equations for its solution are presented. The distribution of traffic on routes available to a source is subject to an entropy constraint that controls the path diversity or degree of robustness of the allocation. Thus the utility/stability issue can be addressed directly and quantitatively in a way that differs from previous work on multiroute NUM problems. The dynamics of the model equations will be analyzed in the case of a constant route allocation defined by the allocation distribution entropy for a source. Motivated by earlier work on a two link network, the dynamics of the mean route costs for each source in the ring network are studied by deriving a continuous time approximation of the equations they satisfy. The equilibrium solutions of this approximation are used to greatly simplify the analysis of the model equations and the solution of the original optimization problem. We conclude with a discussion of the tradeoff between utility and path diversity (robustness) for two contrasting assignment of link capacities. Given a homogeneous assignment of capacities the network behaves like a two link model (Fig 1), while a heterogeneous assignment produces utilities displaying different tradeoffs for different sources.