cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Can healthcare providers obtain judicial intervention against surrogates who demand "medically inappropriate" life support for incompetent patients?

Objective This article analyzes, from a legal perspective, a recent phenomenon involving a clash between the values of attending medical personnel and the instructions of surrogate decision-makers acting on behalf of incompetent patients. Some hospitals have gone to court to challenge decisions by s
Review Article: The Ideological Weapons of Death: A Theological Critique of Capitalism

The subtitle to the English translation of this work (not employed in the Spanish original) bills it as “a theological critique of capitalism”. At the same time, it proves a veritable tour de force for students of the history and philosophy of economics (erstwhile political economy) as well. And, this is especially true for those who, like the present reviewer, begin that history with the beginning. The author, who served on the faculty of the Catholic University of Chile from 1963 to 1973, holds a doctorate in economics from the Free University of Berlin, and is currently director of the postgraduate programme in economics at the Independent National University of Honduras. Further according to the “bio” provided on the back cover of the Spanish edition, his “is a name familiar to the social scientists of Latin America”. Thus, from these evidences we have a professionally trained economist/social scientist doing — or, at least, purporting to do — theology.
Recombinant plasma‐type platelet‐activating factor acetylhydrolase attenuates NMDA‐induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis

The bioactive lipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) accumulates in brain during injury, seizures and ischemia and may, in addition, be significant in AIDS dementia and in other neurodegenerative diseases. We have used plasma-type recombinant PAF acetylhydrolase (rPAF-AH) to test the hypothesis that PAF accumulation is involved in early events leading to neuronal apoptosis during excitotoxic neuronal injury. Neuronal cultures were labeled with FITC-12-dUTP (TUNEL technique) and propidium iodide, digitized using fluorescence microscopy and a chilled 3CCD color camera, and analyzed with 2D graphics analysis software. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) (50 microM, 2 hr) induced a 2.5-fold increase in apoptosis of hippocampal neurons compared with controls when analyzed 24 hr after NMDA treatment. Hippocampal neurons receiving rPAF-AH (20 microg/ml) before, during, and after NMDA treatment demonstrated a concentration-dependent neuroprotective effect which resulted in 47% and 30% neuroprotection against 50 and 100 microM NMDA, respectively. The noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801(300 nM) completely inhibited apoptosis caused by NMDA. The neuroprotective effect of rPAF-AH against NMDA-induced apoptosis was confirmed using as additional criteria, histone release, electron microscopy, and DNA laddering. Neuroprotection elicited by rPAF-AH demonstrates that PAF is an injury mediator in NMDA-induced neuronal apoptosis and that the recombinant protein is potentially useful as a therapeutic approach.
Updated Screening Criteria for Steam Flooding Based on Oil Field Projects Data

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) screening is considered the first step in evaluating potential EOR techniques for candidate reservoirs. Therefore, as new technologies are developed, it is important to update the screening criteria. Many of the screening criteria for steam flooding that have been described in the literature were based on data collected from EOR surveys biennially published in the Oil & Gas Journal. However, these datasets contain some problems, including outliers, missing data, inconsistent data and duplicate data, that could affect the accuracy of the results. Despite the importance of ensuring the quality of a dataset before running analyses, data quality has not been addressed in previous research related to EOR screening criteria. The objective of this current work was to update the screening criteria for steam flooding by using a database that had been cleaned. The original dataset included 1,785 steam flooding field projects from around the world (Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Congo, France, Germany, Indonesia, Trinidad, U.S. and Venezuela). These projects had been reported in the Oil and Gas Journal from 1980 to 2012. After detecting and deleting the duplicate projects, only 626 field projects remained. To analyze and describe the results of the dataset, both graphical and statistical methods were used. A box plot and cross plots were used to detect and identify data problems, allowing for the removal of outliers and inconsistent data. Histogram distributions and box plots were used to show the distribution of each parameter and present the range of the dataset. New screening criteria were developed based on these statistics and the defined data parameters. The developed criteria were compared with previously published criteria, and their differences are explained.
Larval Settlement of the Atlantic Rangia, Rangia cuneata (Bivalvia: Mactridae)

Rangia cuneata larvae were given the opportunity to settle on substrate types that differed in grain size, organic content, and bacterial abundance. Larvae settled in very fine sand (63–125 μm) and fine and medium sand (125–500 μm) more than in silt and clay (<63 μm) or on a hard substratum (empty polystyrene petri dishes). Proportionally more larvae settled onto untreated sediment from the adult habitat than onto the same sediment autoclaved, or treated with either H2O2 to remove organic material, or treated with antibiotics to reduce bacterial abundance. However, it appears that competent larvae do not delay settlement, even in the absence of “attractive” substrates.
Magnetic Polarity and Igneous Petrology

INVESTIGATIONS of the magnetic properties of Cainozoic rocks have revealed that the remanent magnetization is usually nearly parallel or anti-parallel to the present Earth's field.
Chemical physical and sensory stabilities of prebaked frozen sweet potatoes

Cured, uncured and stored (1 and 3 months) sweet potato roots were baked, frozen and stored at −23°C. Sensory scores, color (CIE L,a,b values), instrumental texture profile (Instron), sugars, beta-carotene, vitamin C, alcohol insoluble solids (AIS) and moisture contents were determined after 0,1, 3, 6 and 9 months frozen storage. Baked frozen sweet potatoes from all treatments were stable during 6 months frozen storage, with exception of vitamin C, which decreased by about 50% during the first month. Surface response analysis showed sensory scores for the prebaked sweet potatoes were very acceptable, particularly in the region with 1–2 months fresh storage of roots prior to freezing and followed by 1–6 months frozen storage.
Abstract 528: Characterization of Δ7/11, a functional prolactin-binding protein.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Prolactin is essential for normal mammary gland development and differentiation, and has been shown to promote tumor cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic resistance. Soluble isoforms of the prolactin receptor have been reported to regulate prolactin bioavailability by functioning as “prolactin binding proteins.” Included in this category is Δ7/11, a product of alternate splicing of the prolactin receptor primary transcript. However, the direct interactions of prolactin with Δ7/11, and the resulting effect on cell behavior, have not been investigated. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of Δ7/11 to bind prolactin using a novel proximity ligation assay and traditional immunoprecipitation techniques. Biochemical analyses demonstrated that Δ7/11 was heavily glycosylated, similar to the extracellular domain of the primary prolactin receptor, and that glycosylation regulated the cellular localization and secretion of Δ7/11. Low levels of Δ7/11 were detected in serum samples of healthy volunteers, but were undetectable in human milk samples. Expression of Δ7/11 was also detected in six of the 62 primary breast tumor biopsies analyzed; however, no correlation was found with Δ7/11 expression and tumor histotype or other patient demographics. Functional analysis demonstrated the ability of Δ7/11 to inhibit prolactin-induced cell proliferation as well as alter prolactin-induced rescue of cell cycle arrest/early senescence events in breast epithelial cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Δ7/11 is a novel regulatory mechanism of prolactin bioavailability and signaling. Citation Format: Jodie M. Fleming, Erika Ginsburg, Christopher McAndrew, Christopher Heger, LaShanda Cheston, Jaime Rodriguez-Canales, Barbara K. Vonderhaar, Goldsmith Paul. Characterization of Δ7/11, a functional prolactin-binding protein. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 528. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-528
Changes in fluid compartments in hamster renal papilla due to peristalsis in the pelvic wall

The pelvic peristalsis "milks" the renal papilla in rodents. This study investigates the effect of the pelvic contractions upon the fluid in papillary loops of Henle (LH) and capillaries (cap) and on the volume of collecting duct (CD) cells, papillary epithelial (PE) cells and interstitium. In the anesthetized antidiuretic hamsters the urine was made green by an intravenous infusion of lissamine green. A snare was placed loosely around the papilla. The peristalsis was recorded on a Grass recorder using a fiberoptic light signal which changed intensity with the events in the pelvis and papilla. In one group of hamsters the snare was tightened during the contraction and in another group at the beginning of the relaxation. The papilla within the pelvis was then fixed immediately. It was epon-embedded for light and electron microscopy. In the group with contracted pelvis CD, LH, and cap were all closed and empty; the papilla was elongated. In the group with relaxed pelves these structures were full and open spaces were seen between the cells of CD and PE. Morphometric measurements showed that the intercollecting duct volume was larger in the papillae with relaxed pelvis, but that cell volume of PE was larger in the papillae with contracted pelvis. It is suggested that fluid moves into the cells during contraction when urine flows through the CD and into the interstitium during relaxation.
ADVANCES IN TRANSIENT-STATE KINETICS

Advances in transient-state kinetic methods of data collection by chemical-quench-flow and fluorescence stopped-flow, and in computer simulation analysis have enhanced our ability to establish reaction pathways with greater precision. These methods improve our ability to explore the functions of biologically important structures by direct measurements of single reaction steps.
Production of Polydipsia in Normal Rats by an Intermittent Food Schedule

Marked polydipsia was produced in all animals trained to press a bar for food pellets on a 1-minute variableinterval schedule. It is suggested that since this feeding arrangement produces a sustained, high fluid intake in the normal, unrestrained animal, it might serve as a useful tool in the study of renal function.
Introduction to Abstract Algebra

In this and the next chapters, we present several mathematical results needed to design the algorithms of the text. We assume that the reader has some knowledge of groups, rings and vector spaces but no extensive knowledge is required. Instead, we focus on those mathematical objects which will be used repeatedly in this text.
Multiple ectopic lesions of focal islet adenomatosis identified by positron emission tomography scan in an infant with congenital hyperinsulinism

Abstract Congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) exists in 2 histologic forms, focal and diffuse, and rarely has been attributed to lesions in ectopic pancreatic tissue. The ability to distinguish focal from diffuse HI and locate focal lesions has been difficult, thus limiting the optimal management of HI. We present a case of HI resulting from focal pancreatic and ectopic pancreatic lesions. After a near-total pancreatectomy failed to improve the patient's condition, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan performed with 18 F-fluoro-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine demonstrated a focal lesion remaining in the head of the pancreas as well as 4 hot spots inferior to the remaining pancreas. Surgical exploration found pancreatic rests in the jejunum responsible for the hot spots seen on PET. Resection of the remainder of the pancreas as well as the small intestinal lesions resulted in correction of the patient's HI. Pathology confirmed the presence of focal HI lesions in the pancreatic head and small intestinal specimens. This case supports the ability of ectopic pancreatic tissue to contribute to the pathology of HI. It highlights the ability of PET to successfully identify focal lesions, including ectopic tissue, responsible for hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
Orientations of the n -cube with minimum diameter

Abstract For n ⩾ 4, the n -cube, Q n , is shown to have an orientation with diameter n .
The vibrational spectra of B2O3−GeO2 glasses

Abstract Infrared and Raman spectra were measured for a series of glass compositions in the binary B2O3-GeO2 system at room and elevated temperatures. No coordination changes were detected from spectral analysis for either boron or germanium with concentration or temperature changes. Interpretation of the vibrational spectra indicated that both boroxol rings and BO3-triangular units were present as the basic units in glasses with higher B2O3 concentrations. Only BO3-triangular units were detected as the basic units in glasses with lower B2O3 concentrations. Raman spectra of glasses measured at higher temperatures (>Tg) indicated that their boroxol ring concentrations decreased as a function of temperature. The enthalpy for ring rupture in 35GeO2–65B2O3 glass was 7.7 kcal/mol. Also, spectral analysis indicated that the boroxol ring concentrations of these glasses at room temperature were dependent upon their previous heat treatments.
Performance within a fiber-to-the-home network

Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) networks are on the brink of bringing significantly higher capacity to residential users compared to today's commercial residential options. There are several burgeoning FTTH networks that provide capacities of up to 1 Gbps. We have been monitoring one such operational network---the Case Connection Zone---for 23 months. In this paper we seek to understand the extent to which the users in this network are in fact making use of the provided bi-directional 1 Gbps capacity. We find that even when given virtually unlimited capacity the majority of the time users do not retrieve information from the Internet in excess of commercially available data rates and transmit at only modestly higher rates than commodity networks support. Further, we find that end host issues---most prominently buffering at both end points---are often the cause of the lower-than-expected performance.
Methodological issues in evaluating mental health outcomes of a children's mental health managed care demonstration.

A key question of the Fort Bragg Evaluation was whether the continuum of care model implemented at the Demonstration produced better mental health outcomes for children and adolescents than a traditional system of care. This article describes a few of the key methodological issues that were addressed to help ensure that findings about mental health outcomes were valid. The research design was quasi-experimental and longitudinal. Nearly 1,000 families participated, and attrition was low throughout the study. Multiple informants responded to a comprehensive array of widely used instruments in the area of children’s mental health and mental health services. Despite the absence of random assignment, sites were comparable upon entry to the study on numerous factors that might affect outcome. Further, data lost through the course of study did not vary appreciably across sites. Finally, some evidence suggests that the findings of the Outcome Study may generalize to other populations of low-middle to middle-class youth in treatment.
Molecular Simulation of the Self-Agglomeration of Carbon Nanostructures in Various Chemical Environments

Self-assembly of carbon nanostructures in solutions provides a cost-effective means to synthesize uniform vertically-aligned nanostructures with specific morphologies including shapes such as wires, sheets and spherical particles. In addition to facilitating the synthesis of bulk carbon nanomaterial, a complete understanding of the agglomeration mechanics also provides a means to deposit uniform layers of carbon nanostructures on top of substrates to produce molecularly-tailored composites with specific mechanical properties. Self-assembly is a complex dynamical process that involves the interaction between the nanoparticle precursors, the transport properties of the individual precursor molecules as well as the precursor-solvent interactions. Depending on the chemical nature of the solvent used during the process various nanostructures of varying shapes and morphologies can be synthesized starting from individual buckyballs and nanotubes. However, despite its wide range of applications, there is a lack of understanding of the self-assembly of carbon nanoparticles. Some of the key factors that govern the agglomeration process are the π-π interaction of the aromatic carbon nanostructures and their interaction with the solvent molecules. A predictive model for self-assembly, that relates the above parameters to the morphology, therefore needs to account for the specific molecular interactions. We present molecular simulation results that incorporate the above effects and shows that the nature of association of the nanoparticle precursors determines the shape and size of the agglomerate. Furthermore, our results show the dependency of the agglomerate size on the concentration of precursors as well as the ambient temperature.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
CUMULATIVE DAMAGE-BASED INELASTIC CYCLIC DEMAND SPECTRUM

The estimation of cyclic deformation demand resulting from earthquake loads is crucial to the core objective of performance-based design if the damage and residual capacity of the system following a seismic event needs to be evaluated. A simplified procedure to develop the cyclic demand spectrum for use in preliminary seismic evaluation and design is proposed in this paper. The methodology is based on estimating the number of equivalent cycles at a specified ductility. The cyclic demand spectrum is then determined using welt-established relationships between seismic input energy and dissipated hysteretic energy. An interesting feature of the proposed procedure is the incorporation of a design spectrum into the proposed procedure. It is demonstrated that the force-deformation characteristics of the system, the ductility-based force-reduction factor R μ , and the ground motion characteristics play a significant role in the cyclic demand imposed on a structure during severe earthquakes. Current design philosophy which is primarily based on peak response amplitude considers cyclic degradation only in an implicit manner through detailing requirements based on observed experimental testing. Findings from this study indicate that cumulative effects are important for certain structures, classified in this study by the initial fundamental period, and should be incorporated into the design process.
Effects of water-mixture film on impact contact in abrasive waterjet machining

The effects of a water-mixture film adhering to solid materials on the impact contact are examined by employing exact solutions for an inhomogeneous contact problem and the Hertz impact theory. The elastic modulus of the water on a surface is assumed to be zero and the modulus of the water-mixture between a water surface and a target material varies from zero to the modulus of the target material. Non-elastic deformation is considered based on an energy balance. A new expression of closed form for impact force is obtained. The film effect on the impact force is very significant for low impact energy and becomes stable and less influential once impact energy increases to a certain value. Experimental results for quasi-static force are in agreement with the theoretical analysis in which two unknown parameters are ascertained by experiments. The minimum effective velocity of garnet abrasives achieved in this work for waterjet machining is consistent with previous results.
Flow of Smoke through a Hole in Resonant Cavity

Prof. G. D. West1 has used a smoke-filled cavity as a resonator and noted the stream of smoke issuing from a hole near the base; radiation pressure was suggested as a possible cause. In an alternative explanation2, Prof. E. N. da C. Andrade suggests that air is simply expelled during one half-cycle in a definite smoke-laden stream, and is drawn in during the next half-cycle, air being sucked in from all sides.
Single-State NWFZs – a response to NWFZ blind spots

DOI: 10.5564/mjia.v0i14.20 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.14 2007 pp.32-36
Sample distribution function based goodness-of-fit test for complex surveys

Testing the parametric distribution of a random variable is a fundamental problem in exploratory and inferential statistics. Classical empirical distribution function based goodness-of-fit tests typically require the data to be an independent and identically distributed realization of a certain probability model, and thus would fail when complex sampling designs introduce dependency and selection bias to the realized sample. In this paper, we propose goodness-of-fit procedures for a survey variable. To this end, we introduce several divergence measures between the design weighted estimator of distribution function and the hypothesized distribution, and propose goodness-of-fit tests based on these divergence measures. The test procedures are substantiated by theoretical results on the convergence of the estimated distribution function to the superpopulation distribution function on a metric space. We also provide computational details on how to calculate test p-values, and demonstrate the performance of the proposed test through simulation experiments. Finally, we illustrate the utility of the proposed test through the analysis of US 2004 presidential election data.
Analysis of conventional single-ended magnetic amplifiers with inductive-resistive load including the derivation of transfer functions

The operation of single-ended magnetic amplifiers with resistive load has been thoroughly explained in the literature and various types of analysis have been suggested.1?5 However, no analytical method has yet been presented by which an input-output relation for single-ended magnetic amplifiers with inductive load can be obtained. In order to predict the value of the output corresponding to a given input, use of certain graphical techniques is introduced in reference 6, but this method fails to give any information about the transient response of the system.
RXIO: Design and implementation of high performance RDMA-capable GridFTP

For its low-latency, high bandwidth, and low CPU utilization, Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) has established itself as an effective data movement technology in many networking environments. However, the transport protocols of grid run-time systems, such as GridFTP in Globus, are not yet capable of utilizing RDMA. In this study, we examine the architecture of GridFTP for the feasibility of enabling RDMA. An RDMA-capable XIO (RXIO) framework is designed and implemented to extend its XIO system and match the characteristics of RDMA. Our experimental results demonstrate that RDMA can significantly improve the performance of GridFTP, reducing the latency by 32% and increasing the bandwidth by more than three times. In achieving such performance improvements, RDMA dramatically cuts down CPU utilization of GridFTP clients and servers. These results demonstrate that RXIO can effectively exploit the benefits of RDMA for GridFTP. It offers a good prototype to further leverage GridFTP on wide-area RDMA networks.
Resurrection Research From 1975 to the Present: What are Critical Scholars Saying?

An overview of resurrection research in Europe and North America during the last 30 years indicates some expected as well as some surprising trends. This study highlights six of these major research areas. The works of two representative scholars, J.D. Crossan and N.T. Wright, provide interpretive angles on these subjects. The article concludes with some comments on what is taken to be the single most crucial development at present, that after Jesus' death his followers had experiences that they thought were appearances of the risen Jesus. These early Christian experiences need to be explained viably.
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Giant Retinal Tears

Background: New techniques adapted for vitrectomy surgery, including the use of silicone oil and perfluorocarbon liquids, have been applied very successfully to giant retinal tears. Most surgeons thus turn immediately to vitrectomy for all giant tears. The authors have found that patients with giant tears usually have such rapid flow of fluid from the vitreous to the aqueous that repeated paracenteses can be performed without shallowing the anterior chamber, thus allowing injection of sufficient gas into the vitreous cavity to unroll and tamponade the giant tear without the need for vitrectomy. This makes pneumatic retinopexy a feasible alternative for those selected fresh giant tears that have mobile flaps and extend less than 180°. Methods: Five consecutive patients with giant retinal tears were treated with pneumatic retinopexy using paracentesis and two or more gas injections. They were followed at least 2 years. Results: Four of the five tears were successfully reattached, although a new tear developed in one, and scleral buckling surgery was performed 11 months after the pneumatic retinopexy. Conclusion: The authors conclude that pneumatic retinopexy is a reasonable alternative for selected patients with giant retinal tears.
Humidity Control in Confined Building Spaces Using Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier-Conceptual Investigation

Moisture and moisture-related problems often originate from the confined spaces such as bathrooms and kitchens, where large amounts of moisture are released within a short time period. These problems are identified by signs including condensation on windows and walls as well as mold and fungi growth in corners of interior surfaces of walls and ceiling. To prevent condensation and formations of mold and fungi in the confined spaces, a special desiccant dehumidification system may be used. This system uses ambient space air to regenerate when the spaces produce no moisture. To investigate the feasibility of the desiccant dehumidification system for confined space humidity control, a conceptual system and physical models were developed. Numerical simulations were conducted to calculate simultaneous heat and mass transfer involved among moisture source, space air and liquid desiccant. This paper presents the methods and simulated results. The results show that use of the desiccant dehumidification system can substantially reduce the room humidity level.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Solar UV flash spectrum 1400 A-1960 A.

Solar UV flash spectrum by spectroheliographs flown aboard Aerobee 170 mission during total solar eclipse
Spatial control of cell expansion by the plant cytoskeleton

The cytoskeleton plays important roles in plant cell shape determination by influencing the patterns in which cell wall materials are deposited. Cortical microtubules are thought to orient the direction of cell expansion primarily via their influence on the deposition of cellulose into the wall, although the precise nature of the microtubule-cellulose relationship remains unclear. In both tipgrowing and diffusely growing cell types, F-actin promotes growth and also contributes to the spatial regulation of growth. F-actin has been proposed to play a variety of roles in the regulation of secretion in expanding cells, but its functions in cell growth control are not well understood. Recent work highlighted in this review on the morphogenesis of selected cell types has yielded substantial new insights into mechanisms governing the dynamics and organization of cytoskeletal filaments in expanding plant cells and how microtubules and F-actin interact to direct patterns of cell growth. Nevertheless, many important questions remain to be answered.
Design of minimal-order state observers for time-varying multivariable systems

Abstract The design of minimal-order state observers is considered for linear time-varying multivariable continuous systems. Employing the observable block companion canonical transformation technique, a simple and straightforward design procedure is given for constructing the minimal-order state observers. This design technique also allows all eigenvalues of the observer to be arbitrarily assigned. Compared with existing observer design techniques for time-varying systems, the method developed has the advantage of being applicable to a more general class of systems and reducing the design complexity in the sense that various observer matrices can be determined as constant matrices. An example is also presented to illustrate the design technique.
Wavesched: a novel scheduling technique for control-flow intensive designs

In this paper, we present a novel scheduling algorithm targeted toward minimizing the average execution time of control-flow intensive behavioral descriptions. Our algorithm uses a control/data flow graph model, which preserves the parallelism inherent in the application. It explores previously unexplored regions of the solution space by its ability to overlap the schedules of independent iterative constructs, whose bodies share resources. It also incorporates well known optimization techniques like loop unrolling in a natural fashion. This is made possible by a general loop-handling technique, which we have devised. Application of the algorithm to several common benchmarks demonstrates up to 4.8-fold improvement in expected schedule length over existing scheduling algorithms, without paying a price in terms of the best and worst case schedule lengths required to execute the behavioral description (in fact, frequently, the best/worst case schedule lengths are also better for our algorithm).
Memory and Perception of Cartographic Information for Familiar and Unfamiliar Environments

Subjective estimates of the distance between sites on a familiar/unfamiliar map were obtained under various conditions (prior knowledge, after brief study, and while in view). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to develop a cognitive map for each condition. Differences were noted in the relative compression of the two map axes and in the degree of site clustering that occurred. The systematic distortion observed when observers depended on their prior spatial knowledge was of particular interest. The scaled map for this group did not display the rectangular properties of the actual map, but was “squared up” in the observer's long-term store. In addition, all of the mental maps revealed a tendency for individual locations to cluster into three groups. This tendency was greater in the memory conditions than in the perceptual conditions.
The beginnings of Netherlandish canvas painting, 1400-1530

First comprehensive study of Early Netherlandish canvases. Investigates canvases produced before 1400 and explores documentary evidence for Netherlandish canvases dating 1400-1530. Discusses paint technique and examines surviving canvases, all of which are discussed in catalogue entries. In the 15th century, cloth painters were active throughout the Netherlands, but Bruges was their center. Approximately 40 percent of all painters there were canvas specialists. Artists used canvas primarily as an inexpensive substitute for panel and tapestry. Generally painted in unvarnished glue colors on fine, thinly sized linen, canvases were painted in oils as early as 1434. Canvases, now lost, were painted by Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, and Hieronymus Bosch. Seventy canvases survive, including paintings by Dirck Bouts, Hugo van der Goes and Lucas van Leyden. Appendices reproduce documents and treatises. -- AATA
Effectiveness of Abbreviated CBT for Insomnia in Psychiatric Outpatients: Sleep and Depression Outcomes

Objective To test the efficacy of cogntive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) as a supplement treatment for psychiatric outpatients. Comorbid insomnia is prevalent among individuals with varied psychiatric disorders and evidence indicates that CBT-I may be effective for reducing insomnia and other psychiatric symptoms. Method The present study randomly assigned 30 psychiatric outpatients (mean duration of treatment = 3.6 years) with low sleep quality and residual depressive symptoms to two sessions of CBT-I or a treatment as usual control group. Assessment included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for insomnia and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression at pretreatment and 4 and 8 weeks posttreatment. Results Patients who received CBT-I demonstrated within group changes in PSQI and the PHQ-9 scores at both 4 and 8 weeks posttreatment, but did not show between-group differences. Additionally, 38% of the treatment participants achieved normal sleep at follow-up compared with none in the control condition. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that abbreviated behavioral treatment has beneficial effects on residual insomnia and depression in long-term psychiatric outpatients.
Using a Geographic Information System for Automated Decision Making in Highway Cost Analysis

Highway planning involves selection of a cost-effective corridor in an environmentally responsible manner. With the recent advances in geographic information systems (GISs), most environmental, real estate, and design databases and maps are available in the form of GIS layers. Several mathematical optimization algorithms have been developed to optimize highway alignments, among which genetic algorithms appear most promising because of their ability to avoid getting trapped in local optima. In recent studies, a GIS was integrated with genetic algorithms, enabling full exploitation of GIS features in highway alignment optimization. Those optimization models still lack some dynamic decision-making capabilities during optimal search, such as consideration of bridge cost when rivers are encountered and intersection and interchange costs when roads are encountered. A study that used a GIS as a dynamic decision-making tool in performing highway optimization is presented. Algorithms are developed to estimate cost...
Poor health is associated with episodic heavy alcohol use: evidence from a National Survey.

Summary Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between self-rated health and episodic heavy drinking in a representative sample of American adults. We also sought to determine ethnic and gender differences in the association between self-rated health and episodic heavy drinking. Methods Data ( n =4649) from the Third US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were utilized for this investigation. Episodic heavy drinking was defined as the consumption of five or more and four or more alcoholic beverages on one occasion for men and women, respectively. Poor health was defined as answering fair or poor to the question: ‘Would you say your health in general is excellent, very good, good, fair or poor?’ Odds ratio from the logistic linear regression analysis was used to estimate the risk for poor health that was associated with episodic heavy drinking. Statistical adjustments were made for age, hypertension, diabetes, current smoking, body mass index and race/ethnicity. Results Overall, episodic heavy drinking was associated with increased odds of poor self-rated health in men and women. In men, episodic heavy drinking was independently associated with 1.28 (95% CI: 1.07–1.82) increased odds of poor health. The corresponding value in women was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.05–2.28). In men, being Black was associated with ∼two-fold (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.33, 2.89), and being Hispanic was associated with ∼four-fold (OR=3.59; 95% CI: 2.50, 5.14) increased odds of poor self-rated health relative to being White. The corresponding odds ratios in women were 2.97 (95% CI: 1.90, 4.64) and 5.18 (95% CI: 3.23, 8.30). Associations were greater among blacks (adjusted OR=2.41; 95% CI: 1.81–3.22) and Hispanics (adjusted OR=4.15; 95% CI: 3.12–5.52) than among whites. Conclusions Poor health is associated with episodic heavy alcohol consumption. Public health strategies to curb alcohol abuse may improve self-reported health status in these at-risk populations.
How to detect gravitational waves through the cross-correlation of the galaxy distribution with the CMB polarization

Thompson scattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons off of free electrons during the reionization epoch induces a correlation between the distribution of galaxies and the polarization pattern of the CMB, the magnitude of which is proportional to the quadrupole moment of radiation at the time of scattering. Since the quadrupole moment generated by gravitational waves (GWs) gives rise to a different polarization pattern than that produced by scalar modes, one can put interesting constraints on the strength of GWs on large scales by cross correlating the small scale galaxy distribution and CMB polarization. We use this method together with Fisher analysis to predict how well future surveys can measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. We find that with a future CMB experiment with detector noise Δ_P = 2 µK-arcmin and a beam width θ_(FWHM) = 2' and a future galaxy survey with limiting magnitude I 10° (f_(sky) = 0.83) and f_(deg) = 0.056 ± 0.004 for a sky cut of |b| > 20° (f_(sky) = 0.66). Nonetheless, given that our method has different systematics than the more conventional method of observing the large scale B modes directly, it may be used as an important check in the case of a detection.
YAW-CORRECTING POSTURAL CHANGES IN LOCUSTS*

1. Changes in the angle of the relative wind sensed by the facial wind receptors of a locust evoke fast rudder-like movements of the abdomen and legs whose magnitudes are proportional to the change of wind angle. 2. This system is sensitive to the angular velocity of the wind change. 3. Such wind changes also evoke rotations of the head about the long axis of the body. 4. The head rotation induces, through proprioception by the cervical hair receptors, slow, redundant rudder-like movements of abdomen and legs. 5. Control elements for the fast movements of abdomen and legs and for the head rotation appear not to be precisely co-ordinated and seem to include no proprioceptive ‘crosstalk’. 6. All these responses are evoked by wind-angle changes only if the insect is flying at the moment, suggesting that flight closes a neuronal switch. 7. Separate motor pathways seem to be employed for the abdomen's rudder-like response to wind-angle change, head rotation and turn tendency. Supported by National Science Foundation Grant no. B9-0425R and funds from Cornell University's Division of Biological Sciences.
TWO CASES OF HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME IN RANDOLPH COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA: A COINCIDENCE OF TIME AND PLACE?

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is caused by an infection with viruses of the genus Hantavirus in the western hemisphere. Rodent hosts of hantaviruses are present throughout the United States. In July 2004, two HPS case-patients were identified in Randolph County, WV: a wildlife science graduate student working locally and a Randolph County resident. We interviewed family members and colleagues, reviewed medical records, and conducted environmental studies at likely exposure sites. Small mammals were trapped, and blood, urine, and tissue samples were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for laboratory analyses. These analyses confirmed that both patients were infected with Monongahela virus, a Sin Nombre hantavirus variant hosted by the Cloudland deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus nubiterrae. Other than one retrospectively diagnosed case in 1981, these are the first HPS cases reported in West Virginia. These cases emphasize the need to educate the public throughout the United States regarding risks and prevention measures for hantavirus infection.
On reaction of sterol hydroperoxides with superoxide.

Abstract Reduction of sterol hydroperoxides 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholest-6-ene-5-hydroperoxide and cholesterol 7α-hydroperoxide by KO2 (or other strong base in air) solubilized by crown ether in dimethylsulfoxide gave only corresponding alcohols, but in the presence of cholesterol (or other sterols) gave 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-7-one together with the corresponding alcohols. Both hydroperoxides likewise gave the corresponding alcohol and ketone products with KO2 in benzene and in oxidations by ceric ammonium nitrate in a biphasic system. The 7-ketone product is recognized as deriving from termination reactions of sterol peroxyl and/or oxyl radicals.
Inertial Confinement Fusion

This chapter begins by discussing the nuclear physics that makes possible laboratory fusion, and considering on basic grounds the energy gain that might be possible and what is required for a power plant. Some exploration of the properties of DT fuel follows, enabling one to identify its behavior under compression and its response to entropy deposition. The next section describes the capsule implosions that put kinetic energy into the fuel. After that comes consideration of the stopping of the incoming fuel capsule and the requirements for ignition, whether via a central hot spot or via a spark. A discussion of some of the challenges that must be overcome for targets to actually ignite follows. The final section considers how the combination of all the constraints affects the potential for Inertial Confinement Fusion using laser energy sources to succeed.
Anxiety in Alzheimer's Disease: Prevalence and Comorbidity

Background. Anxiety may be associated with psychiatric morbidity, disability, increased health care utilization, and mortal­ ity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients as it is in the general adult population. However, the phenomenology of anxiety symp­ toms in AD and its relationship to dementia progression, comorbid depression, and the presence of other problematic behaviors have not yet been examined. Method. Data on anxiety symptoms and their coexistence with other factors were obtained in 523 community-dwelling AD patients through interviews with their caregivers and direct physical examination. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms and their association to patient depression, other behavioral problems, gender, and age was investigated. Results. Anxiety symptoms were common, occurring in 70% of subjects. Anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated with ADL impairment and other behavioral disturbances, including wandering, sexual misconduct, hallucinations, verbal threats, and physical abuse. Comorbidity of anxiety-depression was also prevalent: 54% of the sample had both anxiety and de­ pression symptoms. ADL impairment and problem behaviors were significantly associated with comorbidity; however, the lat­ ter association was explained entirely by the presence of anxiety. Conclusion. Anxiety symptoms were common and significantly related to ADL and additional neuropsychiatric problems in this sample. These results indicate the need for additional research into the phenomenology of anxiety and comorbid anxiety-de­ pression in AD and for the development and investigation of effective assessment and treatment of anxiety in AD clinical practice.
In the Shadow of Death: Robert Denhardt's Theology of Organizational Life

Robert Denhardt has made a unique contribution to organization theory. Drawing on depth psychology, In the Shadow of Organization (1981) lays bare the hidden religious underpinnings of organization as cultural symbol of the denial of death. In exchange for the magical, protective embrace of the organization, however, we unconsciously submit to domination and abdicate responsibility for our actions. Only by using the dynamite of "negation" and Critical Theory, argues Denhardt, can we explode the repressed truth: Our toleration of instrumentalism and domination is a form of faulty self-knowledge, of bondage to hypostatized powers. This article probes the strengths and weaknesses of Denhardt's "theology " of organizational life. It contends that Denhardt's religious orientation—once four important limitations of his Critical Theory are recognized-should be accepted into the mainstream of organization theory.
On cognitive channels with an oblivion constraint

We consider a Gaussian point-to-point secondary link which co-exists with a Gaussian point-to-point primary link, and is permitted to transmit within the primary user's interference margin — a simple but realistic channel model for underlay cognitive systems. Under this assumption, we are interested in quantifying the secondary user rate gains when the secondary users have knowledge of the primary link's codebook. This may be exploited at the secondary transmitter or receiver — we focus on the latter. As first proposed by Popovski et al., this codebook knowledge may be exploited to opportunistically — when channel conditions permit — either fully cancel the primary user interference at the secondary receiver, or otherwise treat it as noise. In this work, we propose an achievable rate region in which the primary user transmits according to an information theoretic broadcast strategy, but otherwise remains oblivious to the secondary user operation. The secondary receiver exploits the primary codebooks, together with its broadcast strategy transmission to decode a portion of the primary message, thereby opportunistically partially canceling the primary user interference seen at the secondary receiver and thus straddles the two extremes between fully decoding and treating the interference as noise as presented by Popovski et al. Interestingly, it is shown that this broadcast strategy does not outperform Popovski et al.'s simple “all or nothing” strategy. We thus seek to tighten outer bounds on the secondary user's channel capacity. The inclusion of an average power constraint on the secondary link furthermore allows us to develop a new, tighter outer bound for this channel, which is numerically evaluated and compared to the inner bounds.
EMI Terminal Modeling

Terminal models have been used for various applications. In this work a terminal model is proposed for electromagnetic interference characterization. The model starts with a non-linear system at a particular operating condition and creates a complete linearized equivalent circuit. All parameters needed to create the model are clearly defined to maximize accuracy. In addition, the accuracy and uniqueness of the model is confirmed up to 100 MHz for a simulated linear network and non-linear boost converter.
An Exploratory Study on the Two New Trends in Open Source Software: End-Users and Service

Many have been envisaging the emergence of Open Source Software (OSS) for general end-users and the enhancements in providing services and support, as the most critical factors for OSS success, and at the same time, the most critical issues which are holding back the OSS movement. While these two distinct waves in OSS evolution have become more observable, researchers have not yet explored the characteristics of these two distinct new waves. The current study found evidence for these two waves and further explored the two waves by empirically examining two hundred projects hosted in Sourceforge.net. We compared the characteristics of OSS projects that are intended for two disparate audiences: developers and end-users and found that projects for end-users supported more languages but also had more restrictive licenses as compared to projects for developers.