cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Common expression of a tumor necrosis factor resistance mechanism among gynecological malignancies.

The efficacy of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) as an anticancer agent is limited. This limitation might be related to the expression of a protein-synthesis-dependent resistance mechanism that prevents the lysis of tumor cells by TNFα. To test this possibility eight randomly selected human cell lines, three derived from ovarian carcinomas and five derived from cervical carcinomas, were tested for their in vitro sensitivity to TNFα-mediated lysis. The results of this analysis showed that all eight cell lines are normally resistant to lysis by TNFα. However, in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis, seven of them showed a significant increase in TNFα-mediated lysis. Measurement of protein synthesis showed that there is a linear correlation between the level of inhibition of protein synthesis and the level of TNFα-mediated lysis. The fact that seven of eight randomly selected cell lines are resistant to TNFα because they express a protein-synthesis-dependent resistance mechanism suggests that this mechanism of resistance may be common among gynecological cancers. The results also suggest that a therapy involving TNFα and inhibitors of protein synthesis might be useful for the treatment of gynecological malignancies.
LOW-BACKGROUND COUNTING OF BETAS AND ALPHAS WITH SILICON DETECTORS

Abstract A comprehensive study of the use of silicon detectors for low background counting of charged particles is described. A discussion of the effect of electronic noise on the beta detection efficiency and background is included along with experimental measurements of detection efficiency. Detailed measurements of background, with and without shielding and anticoincidence umbrella, are presented. The performance of silicon surface barrier detectors is compared with that of a conventional gas flow counter and it is shown that for sample sizes less than 1″ in dia., silicon detectors have a number of distinct convenience and performance advantages, but are presently handicapped by cost and fragility considerations.
Purification and characterization of seed storage proteins from Momordica charantia.

2 storage proteins have been isolated and purified from seeds of Momordica charantia. These proteins appear to consist of 4 subunits of 5500 daltons and they contain a very high concentration of glutamic acid plus glutamine and arginine.
Disruption of Prior Uterine Incision following Misoprostol for Labor Induction in Women with Previous Cesarean Delivery

Abstract Background: Although induction of labor in women with prior cesareans is controversial, we compared misoprostol to oxytocin in such women in a randomized trial. The investigation was terminated prematurely because of safety concerns. Cases: Disruption of the prior uterine incision was found in two of 17 misoprostol-treated women. The first woman underwent repeat cesarean delivery at 42 weeks because of fetal tachycardia and repetitive late decelerations. A 10-cm vertical rent in the anterior myometrium was discovered. The second woman underwent induction for fetal growth restriction. Loss of fetal heart tones and abnormal abdominal contour prompted emergent cesarean for suspected uterine rupture. An 8-cm longitudinal uterine defect was found. Conclusion: When misoprostol is used in women with previous cesareans, there is a high frequency of disruption of prior uterine incisions.
A visual logic programming language based on sets and partitioning constraints

This paper presents a new programming language named SPARCL that has four major elements: it is a visual language, it is a logic programming language, it relies on sets to organize data, and it supports partitioning constraints on the contents of sets. It is a visual programming language in that the representation of the language depends extensively on non-textual graphics and the programming process relies on graphical manipulation of this representation. It is a logic programming language in that the underlying semantics of the language is the resolution of clauses of a Horn-like subset of first order predicate logic. It uses sets as the only method of combining terms to build complex terms. Finally, one may constrain a set's structure by specifying a partitioning into pairwise disjoint subsets. >
A vascular bed–specific pathway regulates cardiac expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase

The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene is induced by a variety of extracellular signals under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying environmental regulation of eNos expression, transgenic mice were generated with the 1,600-bp 5' flanking region of the human eNos promoter coupled to the coding region of the LacZ gene. In multiple independent lines of mice, transgene expression was detected within the endothelium of the brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and aorta. beta-galactosidase activity was consistently absent in the vascular beds of the liver, kidney, and spleen. In stable transfection assays of murine endothelial progenitor cells, the 1,600-bp promoter region was selectively induced by conditioned media from cardiac myocytes, skeletal myocytes, and brain astrocytes. Cardiac myocyte-mediated induction was partly abrogated by neutralizing anti-platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) antibodies. In addition, promoter activity was upregulated by PDGF-AB. Analysis of promoter deletions revealed that a PDGF response element lies between -744 and -1,600 relative to the start site of transcription, whereas a PDGF-independent cardiac myocyte response element is present within the first 166 bp of the 5' flanking region. Taken together, these results suggest that the eNos gene is regulated in the cardiac endothelium by both a PDGF-dependent and PDGF-independent microvascular bed-specific signaling pathway.
Does exporting lead to productivity spillovers in horizontal or vertical industries? Evidence from Indonesia

This paper investigates the presence of productivity spillovers due to exporting. In particular, it examines whether productivity gains from exporting spill over upstream (to suppliers), downstream (to customers) or horizontally (to competitors). Using plant-level data on Indonesian manufacturing sectors, we find productivity gains to downstream firms of approximately 2.5-3.5% during the period 1990-1996. We do not find the presence of spillovers upstream or horizontally.
Domain specific analysis and modeling of optimal elimination of fitness functions with optimal sampling

This paper extends previous work that presented an algorithm called Optimal Elimination of Fitness Functions (OEFF). OEFF is by itself conditionally optimal over all problem classes, albeit impractical. Here, we complement this algorithm with an optimal sample selection strategy that removes the condition. Consequently, the performance of this combined algorithm over a domain is the black-box complexity of that domain, providing a new technique for deriving black-box complexity. Additionally, we suggest techniques to perform runtime analysis of our extended OEFF algorithm. We discuss how those techniques can be used to build an algorithm that is targeted, practical, yet equivalent to OEFF with optimal sampling over the target domain. This is demonstrated on the Generalized Leading Ones problem domain, where we derive black-box complexity and develop an optimal algorithm.
Microsatellite markers for the wasp Euodynerus foraminatus (Vespidae: Eumeninae)

We have identified five polymorphic microsatellite loci for the solitary wasp Euodynerus foraminatus , using a partial genomic library constructed from random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments. We detected between three and 13 alleles per locus in a sample of 30 female wasps collected in southwest Michigan, USA. Observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.2 to 0.73. These markers will be used in our ongoing studies of sex determination and naturally occurring inbreeding in this species.
Computational fluid dynamics modeling of intracranial aneurysms: qualitative comparison with cerebral angiography.

Rationale and Objective The purpose of this study is to determine whether computational fluid dynamics modeling can correctly predict the location of the major intra-aneurysmal flow structures that can be identified by conventional angiography. Materials and Methods Patient-specific models of three cerebral aneurysms were constructed from three-dimensional rotational angiography images and computational fluid dynamic simulations performed. Using these velocity fields, contrast transport was simulated and visualizations constructed to provide a “virtual” angiogram. These models were then compared to images from high frame rate conventional angiography to compare flow structures. Results Computational fluid dynamics simulations showed three distinct flow types ranging from simple to complex. Virtual angiographic images showed good agreement with images from conventional angiography for all three aneurysms with analogous size and orientation of the inflow jet, regions of impaction, and flow type. Large intra-aneurysmal vortices and regions of outflow also corresponded between the images. Conclusions Patient-specific image-based computational models of cerebral aneurysms can realistically reproduce the major intra-aneurysmal flow structures observed with conventional angiography. The agreement between computational models and angiographic structures is less for slower zones of recirculation later in the cardiac cycle.
Accuracy in Interpersonal Expectations: A Reflection‐Construction Analysis of Current and Classic Research

Research and theory on interpersonal expectations have been dominated by a strong social constructivist perspective arguing that expectancies are often inaccurate and a major force in the creation of social reality. The reflection-construction model is an attempt to examine these strong claims conceptually and empirically. This model assumes that social perception includes both constructivist phenomena and accuracy. When this model is used as a framework for interpreting research on teacher expectations and on the role of stereotypes in person perception, it shows that interpersonal expectancies are often accurate, and usually lead only to relatively small biases and self-fulfilling prophecies. The model also is used to interpret research on expectancies that has provided some of the foundations for the strong constructivist perspective. This reflection-construction analysis shows that even those studies strongly suggest that people's expectations generally will be highly accurate.
MRF&#146;s forMRI&#146;s: Bayesian Reconstruction of MR Images via Graph Cuts

Markov Random Fields (MRFs) are an effective way to impose spatial smoothness in computer vision. We describe an application of MRFs to a non-traditional but important problem in medical imaging: the reconstruction of MR images from raw fourier data. This can be formulated as a linear inverse problem, where the goal is to find a spatially smooth solution while permitting discontinuities. Although it is easy to apply MRFs to the MR reconstruction problem, the resulting energy minimization problem poses some interesting challenges. It lies outside of the class of energy functions that can be straightforwardlyminimized with graph cuts. We show how graph cuts can nonetheless be adapted to solve this problem, and provide some theoretical analysis of the properties of our algorithm. Experimentally, our method gives very strong performance, with a substantial improvement in SNR when compared with widely-used methods for MR reconstruction.
Neurosurgery: expanding relevance in the evolution of medicine?

The field of neurosurgery has enjoyed an enviable position among medical specialties over the past decades. In most parts of the world, including North America, virtually all neurosurgeons have been able to expect to fulfill fundamental material needs quickly after training. In addition, most have been able to function autonomously, with modest oversight from colleagues, other medical practitioners, and administrators. Finally, neurosurgeons have felt comfortable with the general importance of the specialty in the medical realm. Over the past decade, tremendous changes have become evident across the medical landscape globally. Perhaps the one remaining constant may be the severity and dramatic nature of the diseases that neurosurgery treats, preserving the potential for neurosurgeons singularly to change the life course of select patients. However, is this potential enough to maintain the importance of neurosurgery, particularly when many of these changes directly undermine factors that have contributed to its success?
A Mobile Agent-Based Tool Supporting Web Services Testing

The Web services technology has received significant momentum in recent years, because it allows people to easily utilize and integrate existing software applications to rapidly create new business services. However, how to ensure the trustworthiness of a Web services-oriented system remains a big challenge. One critical issue is how to test a Web service in an effective and efficient manner. In this paper, we report our design and development of a novel mobile agent-based method oriented to Web services testing. We seamlessly integrate an existing testing tool (HP LoadRunner) with a mobile agent technology (IBM Aglet) to build a practical environment for testing Web services. We also report an automatic test case generation algorithm, which analyzes published Web service interfaces and creates boundary value-based, fault injection-equipped test cases.
Dynein light chain rp3 acts as a nuclear matrix-associated transcriptional modulator in a dynein-independent pathway

Cytoplasmic dynein is a motor protein complex involved in microtubule-based cargo movement. Previous biochemical evidence suggests that dynein light chain subunits also exist outside the dynein complex. Here we show that the dynein light chain rp3 is present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Nuclear rp3 binds to and assembles with the transcription factor SATB1 at nuclear matrix-associated structures. Dynein intermediate chain was also detected in the nucleus, but it was dispensable for the rp3-SATB1 interaction. SATB1 facilitates the nuclear localization of rp3, whereas rp3 and dynein motor activity are not essential for nuclear accumulation of SATB1. The nuclear rp3-SATB1 protein complex is assembled with a DNA element of the matrix attachment region of the Bcl2 gene. Finally, rp3 is involved in SATB1-mediated gene repression of Bcl2. Our data provide evidence that dynein subunit rp3 has functions independent of the dynein motor.
High-level synthesis of asynchronous systems by data-driven decomposition

We present a method for decomposing a high-level program description of a circuit into a system of concurrent modules that can each be implemented as asynchronous pre-charge half-buffer pipeline stages (the circuits used in the asynchronous R3000 MIPS microprocessor). We apply it to designing the instruction fetch of an asynchronous 8051 microcontroller, with promising results. We discuss new clustering algorithms that will improve the performance figures further.
Computation of Voronoi diagrams using a graphics processing unit

A parallel algorithm to compute a discrete approximation to the Voronoi diagram is presented. The algorithm, which executes in single instruction multiple data (SIMD) mode, was implemented on a high-end graphics processing unit (GPU) using NVIDIApsilas compute unified device architecture (CUDA) development environment. The performance of the resulting code is investigated and presented, and a mathematical model is developed that predicts the performance of the algorithm.
The Carboxy Terminus of Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Is Required To Disrupt the Yeast Cell Cycle

Wild-type and J domain mutant simian virus 40 large T antigens alter the cell cycle and bud morphology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast, yeast cells expressing mutant T antigen lacking the carboxy-terminal 150 aa exhibit normal morphology, indicating that this region of T antigen is required for cell cycle disruption.
Poststructural Analysis: Analyzing Empirical Matter for New Meanings:

How one makes meaning differs according to the theoretical perspective one employs. Aligning with a poststructural theoretical perspective, the author understands that meaning is stabilized by being organized according to the concepts available. By using the same concepts to stabilize meaning, qualitative researchers have the propensity to limit the possibilities of experience and knowledge. One way qualitative researchers can consciously work toward creating new meaning is to experiment with applying alternate concepts when analyzing empirical matter. Such an analysis is an ethical move, for it seeks “better” ways to live and understand. In this article, the author illustrates how empirical matter might be analyzed through three different concepts—reading the self through Foucault, reading the self as a hacceity, and reading the participant through territory. The author concludes with an ethics of a poststructural analysis of empirical matter.
Striction and skin effects on the internal impedance value of flat conductors

A frequency domain analysis is used to derive closed formulas giving the internal impedance of a rectangular, flat, nonperfectly conducting solid conductor modeling a ground plane. The approach takes into account the skin effect due to the finite conductivity of the ground plane and the increase of the impedance due to the confinement of the current lines at the contact points, called the striction effect. The computed results show that, in certain situations and within the frequency range of interest for the electromagnetic interference and compatibility community, the internal impedance calculated can no longer be neglected with respect to the external impedance when return conductors are located very near the ground plane. >
APPROXIMATION AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION PROBLEMS FOR ALGAL AGGREGATION MODELS

Aggregation processes are intrinsic to many biological phenomena including sedimentation and coagulation of algae during bloom periods. A fundamental but unresolved problem associated with aggregate processes is the determination of the “stickiness function,” a measure of the ability of particles to adhere to other particles. This leads to an inverse problem associated with a class of nonlinear integro-differential equations. The purpose of this article is to develop convergence theory for this algal coagulation model utilizing a spline-based collocation scheme within the context of the parameter identification problem.
a stochastic process model of conflict and cooperation in Andean communities

Whyte's (1975) study of perceived conflict and cooperation in Andean communities elucidated four community types represented by combinations of these two variables and analyzed community stability and change from one type to another over a five-year period. Using a Markov model, we deduce what the expected future distribution of community types will be if present trends continue and what these projections reveal about long-term processes of community evolution in this region.
“Are You Only an Applauder?” American Music Correspondence Schools in the Early Twentieth Century

The purpose of this study was to examine correspondence schools of music in the early twentieth century. Advertisements in widely circulated household and music periodicals and archival copies of courses from Siegel-Myers Correspondence School of Music, United States School of Music, American College of Music, and others were examined. Research questions focused on course offerings, faculty, recruitment, and reputation of the schools. The study also examined the advantages and disadvantages of this first generation of distance education and implications for current distance education practices today. Results revealed that correspondence schools of music had more breadth and, in some cases, depth than previous research had indicated. Instruction at numerous schools was offered on a wide variety of instruments, including voice, as well as in music history, music theory, and music teacher education. One of the prominent teacher education resources was Frances Elliott Clark’s Course in Public School Music off...
Tribology of adaptive nanocomposite yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings containing silver and molybdenum from 25 to 700 °C

Abstract The effect of different types and concentrations of metal additions on the tribological properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia-based coatings was investigated in an effort to develop nanocomposite chameleon coatings exhibiting low friction in air throughout a broad temperature range. A hybrid process of magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition was used to grow nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) imbedded in an amorphous YSZ/metal matrix. Silver was effective as a lubricant at 500 °C and lower, while molybdenum formed a soft lubricious oxide at higher temperatures. YSZ–Mo composites exhibited cracks and fissures after deposition, which were enlarged after heating. Cracking was eliminated in YSZ-based coatings containing both silver and molybdenum. The YSZ–Ag–Mo coatings also exhibited moderately low friction coefficients across the entire 25–700 °C range. Characterization of the coatings after wear testing revealed that the development of a continuous silver layer protected the underlying YSZ–Mo material from oxidation, provided lubrication up to 500 °C, and allowed for the controlled formation of lubricious molybdenum oxide compounds in the wear track at higher temperatures. High-temperature adaptive lubrication mechanisms resulting from noble metal diffusion and soft oxide formation in areas affected by wear are described.
Interspace/Undercanopy Foraging Patterns of Beef Cattle in Sagebrush Habitats

Abstract Forage selection patterns of cattle in sagebrush (Artemisia L.) communities are influenced by a variety of environmental and plant-associated factors. The relative preference of cattle for interspace versus under-sagebrush canopy bunchgrasses has not been documented. Potential preferences may indirectly affect habitat for sage-grouse and other ground-nesting birds. Our objectives were to investigate grazing patterns of cattle with respect to undercanopy (shrub) and interspace tussocks, determine the influence of cattle grazing on screening cover, and relate shrub morphology to undercanopy grazing occurrence. Eighteen-day replicated trials were conducted in the summers of 2003 and 2004. Findings suggest cattle initially concentrate grazing on tussocks between shrubs, and begin foraging on tussocks beneath shrubs as interspace plants are depleted. Grazing of undercanopy grass tussocks was negligible at light-to-moderate utilization levels ( < 40% by weight). Grass tussocks under spreading, umbrella...
Predicting Flower Phenology and Viability of Highbush Blueberry

To maximize yield of pollination-dependent agricultural crops, farmers must ensure that sufficient pollinators are present when flowers are open and viable. We characterized and compared the lower development threshold temperature, bloom phenology, and flower viability of five common cultivars of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to enable prediction of when flowers would be available for pollination. Threshold temperatures of all cultivars were found to be very similar and range between 7 and 8 8C. Logistic regression was used to characterize bloom phenology for all cultivars under field and greenhouse conditions. Bloom phenology under greenhouse conditions was delayed '100 growing degree-days when compared with field conditions. Average flower viability was determined daily from first flower opening until 5 days after flower opening for each cultivar. Results indicated declining flower viability with increasing flower age with most flowers unsuitable for pollination more than 4 days after opening. Implications of these results for planning pollination of highbush blueberry fields are discussed.
Discovering the Spatial Extent of Relative Attributes

We present a weakly-supervised approach that discovers the spatial extent of relative attributes, given only pairs of ordered images. In contrast to traditional approaches that use global appearance features or rely on keypoint detectors, our goal is to automatically discover the image regions that are relevant to the attribute, even when the attribute's appearance changes drastically across its attribute spectrum. To accomplish this, we first develop a novel formulation that combines a detector with local smoothness to discover a set of coherent visual chains across the image collection. We then introduce an efficient way to generate additional chains anchored on the initial discovered ones. Finally, we automatically identify the most relevant visual chains, and create an ensemble image representation to model the attribute. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate our method's promise relative to several baselines in modeling relative attributes.
Risk and Resiliency of Infants/Toddlers Who Are Deaf: Assessment and Intervention Issues

With the advent of universal newborn hearing screening, earlier identification of hearing loss, and earlier entrance into early intervention services, the focus has been on the advances in amplification technology, surgically implanted technology, genetic research, and neuroscience and physiological studies. However, despite all of these scientific discoveries, the outcomes of children with hearing loss are dependent upon optimal and successful communication interactions, initiallybetween parents and children and ultimately between the children and the surrounding world. This chapter tries to highlight those aspects gleaned from research on children with hearing loss in Colorado. The research highlights critical components of intervention for families that have children with hearing loss. Communication development begins in infancy through the social–emotional foundation established through the reciprocal relationship between parent and child. The diagnosis of hearing loss within the first few weeks of a child’s life could potentially disrupt this social–emotional development. It is critical that appropriate assessment is part of the intervention program to insure that an optimal social–emotional foundation is established from the beginning of the child’s and family’s journey. This chapter provides an overview of what is known about the social–emotional relationship of a child with deafness and his/her parent(s), intervention strategies, and the ramifications of the characteristics of the parent–child relationship upon risk and resiliency of infants and toddlers with hearing loss.
The Effect of Eimeria acervulina Infection on Hearts of Young Broiler Chicks

SUMMARY. Hearts from 2-to-3-week-old broiler chicks that were inoculated with 2 x 106 sporulated oocysts/bird weighed significantly less than hearts from control chicks at 4 and 7 days postinoculation (PI). However, heart weights of infected chicks expressed as percentage of body weights were not significantly different from those of controls throughout the experiment. Infection also had no significant effect on heart protein content. Cardiac glycogen was significantly increased at 7 days PI but not at 4 days PI. Oxidation of both a-ketoglutaric and octanoic acids by mitochondrial preparations from hearts of infected chicks was significantly depressed at 4 days PI compared with controls; at 7 days PI, however, oxidation of octanoic acid was significantly increased, but that of a-ketoglutaric acid was not.
Using dominant eigenvalue analysis to predict formation of alternans in the heart.

Ventricular fibrillation at the whole heart level is often preceded by the alternation of action potential duration (APD), i.e., alternans, at the cellular level. As proven in many experiments, traditional approaches based on the slope of the restitution curve have not been successful in predicting alternans formation. Recently, a technique has been theoretically developed based on dominant eigenvalue analysis to predict alternans formation in isolated cardiac myocytes. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that this technique can be applied to predict alternans formation at the whole heart level. Optical mapping was performed in Langendorff-perfused hearts from New Zealand white rabbits ($n$ $=$ 4), which were paced at decreasing basic cycle lengths to introduce APD alternans. In each heart, the basic cycle length corresponding to the local onset of alternans, ${B}^{\mathrm{onset}}$, was determined and two regions of the heart were identified at ${B}^{\mathrm{onset}}$: one region which exhibited alternans (1:1${}_{\mathrm{alt}}$) and one which did not (1:1). Corresponding two-dimensional eigenvalue (\ensuremath{\lambda}) maps were generated using principal component analysis by analyzing action potentials after short perturbations from the steady state, and mean eigenvalues ($\overline{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$) were calculated separately for the 1:1 and 1:1${}_{\mathrm{alt}}$ regions. We demonstrated that $\overline{\ensuremath{\lambda}}$ calculated at ${B}^{\mathrm{onset}}$ was significantly different ($p$0.05) between the two regions. Our results suggest that this dominant eigenvalue technique can be used to successfully predict the local alternans formation in the heart.
Simultaneous determination of lead,cadmium and mercury in agricultural products by microwave digestion

Objective:To establish a suitable sample pre-treatment method for the simultaneous determination of lead,mercury and cadmium in farm produce.Methods: The samples were pre-treated by microwave digestion.Then sample digestion solution was conducted constant volume for determination of mercury,lead and cadmium after remove of acid.Results: With this method,the linear ranges of lead,cadmium and mercury were 0.0 μg/L~20 μg/L,0.0 μg/L~2 μg/L and 0.0 μg/L~5 μg/L with the correlation coefficients of 0.9979,0.9978 and 0.9988 respectively.Their recoveries were 95.8%~103%,95.1%~104% and 98.4%~110.6% respectively.The detection limits were 0.012 μg/L for lead,0.009 μg/L for cadmium and 0.0027 μg/L for mercury.Conclusion: This method was rapid and simple with good precision and high accuracy,which can meet the requirements of determination of lead,mercury and cadmium in farm produce.
Construction of "flipped classroom"-based medical information retrieval teaching model

The origin of flipped classroom and its development at home and abroad were outlined. How to construct a flipped classroom teaching model of medical information retrieval was elaborated from theoretical and empirical angles. Its role in promoting medical information retrieval teaching and problems in its implementation were pointed out in order to propel reform of medical information retrieval teaching and improve its level.
Diagnosis and treatment of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder of children is a chronic neuropsychiatric disease which affects lifelong. Children with attention deficit or hyperactivity, impulse and other six symptoms that last at least for six months can be diagnosed. When making diagnose, attention should be paid to distinguish other children’s diseases. Treatment should combine medication and behavior modification and parents’training with school intervention.
More on Time-Reversibility; Potential Coefficients; Process Modification

The significance of the presence of time-reversibility for applied models is emphasized; namely their tractability, the accessibility of their ergodic state probabilities, and the simplicity of their time dependent behavior. The spectral representation of the transition probability matrix p(t) is established, and its structure explored. For timereversible processes, a key property of path independence is present which permits extension of the notion of time-reversibility to transient chains and “lossy” chains. Time-reversible processes may be modified in a variety of ways without destroying the reversibility. The modified process is often of interest in its own right or is of primary interest. The last section introduces replacement processes, of special interest.
Atmospheric quantum key distribution in daylight: ground-based experiments and prospects for satellite communications

In quantum key distribution (QKD) single-photon transmissions generate the shared, secret random number sequences, known as cryptographic keys that are used to encrypt and decrypt secret communications. Because the security of QKD is based on principles of quantum physics an adversary can neither successfully tap the key transmissions, nor evade detection (eavesdropping raises the key error rate above a threshold value). We have developed an experimental QKD system that uses the four-state "BB84" protocol with non-orthogonal photon polarization states and lowest-order adaptive optics to generate shared key material over multi-kilometer atmospheric, line-of-sight paths. I will present results of a daylight demonstration of this system. Key material is built up using the transmission of a photon-pulse per bit of an initial secret random sequence. I will describe the design and operation of the system, present an analysis of the system's security, efficiency, error rate, and secret key rate, as well as cryptographic testing of the key bits produced. I will describe the prospects for longer-distance applications of free-space QKD, particularly for satellite communications.
Work-family culture in low-income environments: can we generalize?

The current study examined whether a work–family culture measure can be used across diverse income groups. We compared measure structure and criterion-related validity for low-income (n = 327) and ...
Physical Health Status Measures Predict All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure

Background—Physical health status measures have been shown to predict death in heart failure (HF); however, few studies found significant associations after adjustment for confounders, and most were not representative of all HF patients. Methods and Results—HF patients from southeastern MN were prospectively enrolled between 10/2007 and 12/2010, completed a 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) and a 6-minute walk, and were followed through 2011 for death from any cause. Scores ≤25 on the SF-12 physical component indicated low self-reported physical functioning, and the first question of the SF-12 measured self-rated general health. Low functional exercise capacity was defined as ≤300 m walked during a 6-minute walk. Over a mean follow-up of 2.3 years, 86 deaths occurred among the 352 participants. A 1.6-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.0–2.7) and 1.8-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.9) increased risk of death was observed among patients with low self-reported physical functioning and low functiona...
Social isolation after spinal cord injury: Indicators from the Longitudinal Aging Study.

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop and test a conceptual model of social isolation, incorporating social disconnectedness (objective measures) and perceived isolation (subjective appraisals) in an aging sample of participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method The study used cross-sectional data from 768 participants from the most recent administration of the SCI Longitudinal Aging Study, which was initiated in 1973. Measures included the revised version of the Life Situation Questionnaire, items from the Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique, and the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Indicators of social isolation were combined into scales assessing social disconnectedness and perceived isolation. We tested the hypothesized model of social isolation, including both social disconnectedness and perceived isolation, after SCI using structural equation modeling. Results Results of structural equation modeling indicated good fit between the hypothesized model and data (root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.073, 90% confidence interval [0.070, 0.075]; comparative fit index = 0.949; Tucker Lewis Index = 0.946). Perceived isolation was significantly related with social disconnectedness (standardized coefficient [r] = .610). Several exogenous factors were significantly related to social disconnectedness and perceived isolation. Older participants were more likely to report lower levels of perceived isolation. Time since injury demonstrated an inverse relationship with both social disconnectedness and perceived isolation. Higher level and severity of injury were associated with higher levels of social disconnectedness. Conclusion Our study establishes a stable model of social isolation to guide future research exploring the effect of social isolation on health after SCI. (PsycINFO Database Record
Rapidly convergent cluster expansion and application to lithium ion battery materials

The convergence of a cluster expansion for lithium transition-metal (TM) oxides is improved by explicit treatment of TM magnetic moments. The approach is applied to layered $\mathrm{LiC}{\mathrm{o}}_{y}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{i}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ (NC). The ground state and low-lying excited state structures are identified, and the distribution of TM ions and magnetic moment in those structures is investigated to explain the origin of Ni-antisite ions and Jahn-Teller distortion. The developed model also reveals the mechanisms governing the atomic arrangement of NC, including in-plane Co-Co vs Co-Ni competition, magnetic frustration vs disproportionation competition, and cationic interactions spanning adjacent layers.
Correlation between poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and phospho-p65 expression in human breast cancer.

623 Background: Despite the efficacy of targeted agents in patients with HER2+ breast cancer, resistance often develops necessitating novel treatment strategies. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibi...
Fermion bag approach to Hamiltonian lattice field theories in continuous time

We extend the idea of fermion bags to Hamiltonian lattice field theories in the continuous time formulation. Using a class of models we argue that the temperature is a parameter that splits the fermion dynamics into small spatial regions that can be used to identify fermion bags. Using this idea we construct a continuous time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm and compute critical exponents in the $3d$ Ising Gross-Neveu universality class using a single flavor of massless Hamiltonian staggered fermions. We find $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.54(6)$ and $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.88(2)$ using lattices up to $N=2304$ sites. We argue that even sizes up to $N=10,000$ sites should be accessible with supercomputers available today.
Analysis of energy impacts of facade-inclusive retrofit strategies, compared to system-only retrofits using regression models

Abstract Reducing the energy consumption in existing buildings became one of the critical challenges at the beginning of the 21st century. Several types and levels of retrofits are now being implemented in the building stock. To obtain a better understanding of the actual impact of these actions, evidence-based research has been playing an increasingly important role. This paper describes the collection of data on measured pre- and post-retrofit energy consumption of a group of buildings in the U.S., in order to distinguish the impacts of different levels of retrofits. In particular, the goal has been to distinguish how retrofits including facade improvements compare to those centered exclusively on internal systems. Additionally, energy data was collected for a subset of non-retrofitted buildings and used as the control group. The regression model revealed greater energy savings from retrofits including the facade as compared to those that excluded it. However, those savings are modest considering the energy reductions that are anticipated from deep-energy retrofits. Other relevant factors, such as occupants and their behavior, are vital for determining the value of retrofits and need to be incorporated in the next phases of this study.
Ultrafast neuronal imaging of dopamine dynamics with designed genetically encoded sensors

Neuromodulatory systems exert profound influences on brain function. Understanding how these systems modify the operating mode of target circuits requires measuring spatiotemporally precise neuromodulator release. We developed dLight1, an intensity-based genetically encoded dopamine indicator, to enable optical recording of dopamine dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution in behaving mice. We demonstrated the utility of dLight1 by imaging dopamine dynamics simultaneously with pharmacological manipulation, electrophysiological or optogenetic stimulation, and calcium imaging of local neuronal activity. dLight1 enabled chronic tracking of learning-induced changes in millisecond dopamine transients in striatum. Further, we used dLight1 to image spatially distinct, functionally heterogeneous dopamine transients relevant to learning and motor control in cortex. We also validated our sensor design platform for developing norepinephrine, serotonin, melatonin, and opioid neuropeptide indicators.
Food Security: Postharvest Losses

The preservation of unprocessed or minimally processed agricultural commodities is an important component of food security. It is a waste of resources to produce food and not have it reach the consumer. This article defines postharvest losses, describes the vectors that cause loss, the technologies that prevent loss, and some limited data on the magnitude of losses in the world. Reduction of postharvest losses benefits farmers, consumers, and the environment; and can have a high impact in improving the nutritional status and financial strength of those who live in developing countries.
Effects of the Interstellar Wind on the Interplanetary Plasma

It is pointed out that the interstellar gas which passes through the solar system may affect the interplanetary gas, planetary atmospheres, and the orbits of satellites. This paper discusses the interaction of the interplanetary and interstellar gases via atomic collisions. Using the results of zodiacal light observations and far ultraviolet rocket measurements, interplanetary densities near the earth are adopted as n e 30, n 11 ~ 0.2. The fraction of interstellar gas of density n l which is captured as it passes through the solar system is expressed in terms of a fractional-capture parameter (f m ) av. If n 1 (f m)av is of order 10−3 to 10−4 cm−3 then the interstellar gas contributes appreciably to the mass and energy of the interplanetary gas. A brief discussion of atomic scattering cross sections indicates that n 1 (f m ) av is of the required order of magnitude.
An assembly of the Indian Shield at c. 1.0 Ga and shearing at c. 876-784 Ma in Eastern India: Insights from contrasting P-T paths, and burial and exhumation rates of metapelitic granulites

Abstract Recent studies indicate that the Indian Shield formed contemporaneously but separately from Rodinia in Late Mesoproterozoic-Early Neoproterozoic. However, assembly of the eastern Indian Shield is poorly constrained. The dominant WSW-ENE ∼1.0 Ga foliation in Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) including Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex (CGC) in Eastern India indicates a north-south collision between the Northern and Southern Indian Blocks (NIB and SIB). But in northeastern CGC, the dominant foliation is north-south and parallel to the Eastern Indian Tectonic Zone (EITZ), a linear N-S to NNE-SSW belt associated with sinistral shearing at ∼876–784 Ma along the eastern margin of CGC, in Elan Bank of Kerguelen Plateau, and possibly in East Antarctica. The youngest dates in the metapelitic granulites from EITZ and NE-CGC (>13 km west of EITZ) are ∼876–784 Ma and ∼1.0 Ga, respectively. But monazite crystallization depends on bulk composition, and it is unclear whether the N-S foliation in NE-CGC metapelites originated at ∼1.0 Ga or ∼876–784 Ma. Pseudosection analysis in the MnO-CaO-Na2O-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-P2O5-Y2O3-Ce2O3-F system shows contrasting P-T paths for the metapelites of NE-CGC (clockwise with
Therapeutic discovery for marrow failure with MDS predisposition using pluripotent stem cells

Monosomy 7 or deletion of 7q (del(7q)) are common clonal cytogenetic abnormalities associated with high grade myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) arising in inherited and acquired bone marrow failure. Current non-transplant approaches to treat marrow failure may be complicated by stimulation of clonal outgrowth. To study the biological consequences of del(7q) within the context of a failing marrow, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with Shwachman Diamond Syndrome (SDS), a bone marrow failure disorder with MDS predisposition, and genomically engineered a 7q deletion. The TGFβ pathway was the top differentially regulated pathway in transcriptomic analysis of SDS versus SDSdel(7q) iPSCs. SMAD2 phosphorylation was increased in SDS relative to wild type cells consistent with hyperactivation of the TGFbeta pathway in SDS. Phospho-SMAD2 levels were reduced following 7q deletion in SDS cells and increased upon restoration of 7q diploidy. Inhibition of the TGFbeta pathway rescued hematopoiesis in SDS-iPSCs and in bone marrow hematopoietic cells from SDS patients while it had no impact on the SDSdel(7q) cells. These results identified a potential targetable vulnerability to improve hematopoiesis in an MDS-predisposition syndrome, and highlight the importance of the germline context of somatic alterations to inform precision medicine approaches to therapy.
Pulling Back the Curtain: Intra-District School Spending Inequality and Its Correlates

Despite concerns about funding inequities between schools within districts, data constraints have limited large-scale analyses of intra-district inequality in the United States. We use new school-level finance data to calculate measures of vertical inequality for nearly all U.S. districts. Using independent high-quality data sources, we validate the school-level data and the resulting inequality measures. We find that poor and minority students on average receive 1 to 2 percent more resources than nonpoor and white students in the same district; however, between 29 to 44 percent of districts under-allocate resources to disadvantaged students. Districts that under-allocate resources to poor students relative to nonpoor students tend to be poorer and have less income segregation. Districts that under-allocate resources to minority students relative to white students tend to have smaller racial income gaps, less racial segregation, and (when it comes to under-allocation to black students) larger white student populations.