cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Peer conflict explanations in children, adolescents, and adults: examining the development of complex syntax.

Purpose Expository discourse, the use of language to convey information, requires facility with complex syntax. Although expository discourse is often employed in school and work settings, little is known about its development in children, adolescents, and adults. Hence, it is difficult to evaluate this genre in students who have language disorders. This study examined syntactic complexity in expository discourse in an effort to begin to establish a normative database. Method Speakers with typical development whose mean ages were 11, 17, and 25 years old (n = 60) participated in a peer conflict resolution (PCR) task designed to elicit expository discourse. The results were compared with an additional measure of expository discourse, the favorite game or sport (FGS) task, reported in a previous study that included these same participants (M. A. Nippold, L. J. Hesketh, J. K. Duthie, & T. C. Mansfield, 2005). Results The PCR task elicited expository discourse from speakers in all 3 groups. Older speakers pac...
Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Stroke: Neurologists, Get Off Your Hands!

I was privileged to have been one of the original principal investigators in the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group 1 (NINDS rt-PA) and a coauthor of the seminal publication of the results. This study directly led to the Food and Drug Administration's approval of the thrombolytic agent, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), on June 18, 1996, as the first and, thus far, only accepted therapy specifically directed at acute ischemic stroke. As such, during the last year, I have been an invited lecturer on this treatment at a variety of medical centers, large and small. I am writing to convey my impressions of the lack of enthusiasm for this therapy exhibited by neurologists at places where I have spoken. Rather than embrace, or at least acknowledge, this as the first step in the treatment of neurology's most common serious and debilitating disease (Alzheimer disease excepted), it often has been met with skepticism, criticism, and denial, with discussions centered around why t-PA cannot or should not be used, rather than how it could be used. Such negativism is now evident in the neurological literature in an article with the unambiguous title: Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator Should Not Be Used in Acute Ischemic Stroke.2 In addition, a member of the steering committee of the Multicenter Acute Stroke Trial-Europe, which evaluated another thrombolytic agent, streptokinase, has opined that because trials of streptokinase were aborted because of excessive rates of intracerebral hemorrhage, all such agents, including t-PA, should be studied further before widespread deployment.3 Two issues are paramount: should t-PA be used to treat acute ischemic stroke, and, if so, what do neurologists have to offer as treating physicians?
An improved method for transforming plants through electrophoresis

Abstract A system was developed for introducing foreign DNA into Calanthe protocorms. Plasmid DNA (pBI-121) containing the gus A gene under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was used. One-month-old protocorms were selected for DNA treatment just prior to the formation of their first true leaf. The DNA was suspended in agarose and placed in the tip of a pipette. The pipette was then placed over the prrotocorm's shoot tip and subjected to electrophoresis under various conditions. Introduction of DNA leading to stable transformation occurred at 0.5 mA constant current after 10 min of electrophoresis. Under these conditions, approximately 45% of the protocorms were alive one month after treatment. One year after electrophoresis, the marker gene was still expressed in leaves from approximately 55% of the surviving seedlings. Transformation was confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
M1A2 tank commander's independent thermal viewer optics: optics design perspective

The M1A2 Commander's Independent Thermal Viewer (CITY) lens design resulted from several years of interaction and tradeoff between optical designers, mechanical engineers, and systems engineers. While the general design concept remained constant throughout the process, important modifications were made to accommodate new performance requirements or to incorporate new fabrication technology.
Coupled, large-area gold nanowire arrays for nanorectenna energy conversion

Arrays of "nanorectennas", consisting of nanodiode-coupled nanoantennas, are of interest for converting visible/near-infrared (vis/nir) light into useful direct current. For efficient energy conversion, the nanoantenna array must have a high absorbance (for different polarizations and angles of incidence) and a large fill factor; i.e., the nanoantennas must be tightly packed together. We fabricate hexagonal, close-packed (~ 100 nm nearest neighbor separation), large area (~ 1 cm2) arrays of vertical (e.g., perpendicular to the substrate) Au nanowires (length < 1 μm) on Si, by electrochemically depositing gold into a porous aluminum oxide template (a potentially inexpensive process scalable to large dimensions). Coupling of these nanowires causes a considerable blue-shift of the plasmonic resonance of a single Au nanowire when illuminated by p-polarized light from the infrared to the blue-green portion of the visible spectrum (similar to the s polarization resonance), enabling a nanorectenna with tuned response in the vis/nir regime, whose absorption is roughly polarization-independent and relatively insensitive to angle of incidence. We measure the off-normal reflectivity of these arrays, compare with simulations, and present experimental data on rectification and power generation in the attached Au-Si Schottky nanodiodes.
Decomposing trust and trustworthiness

What motivates people to trust and be trustworthy? Is trust solely “calculative,” based on the expectation of trustworthiness, and trustworthiness only reciprocity? Employing a within-subject design, we run investment and dictator game experiments in Russia, South Africa and the United States. Additionally, we measured risk preferences and expectations of return. Expectations of return account for most of the variance in trust, but unconditional kindness also matters. Variance in trustworthiness is mainly accounted for by unconditional kindness, while reciprocity plays a comparatively small role. There exists some heterogeneity in motivation but people behave surprisingly similarly in the three countries studied.
Variation in Child Body Mass Index Patterns by Race/Ethnicity and Maternal Nativity Status in the United States and England

This paper examines body mass index (BMI) trajectories among children from different race/ethnic and maternal nativity backgrounds in the United States and England from early- to middle-childhood. This study is the first to examine race/ethnic and maternal nativity differences in BMI trajectories in both countries. We use two longitudinal birth cohort studies—The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 3,285) for the United States and the Millennium Cohort Study (n = 6,700) for England to estimate trajectories in child BMI by race/ethnicity and maternal nativity status using multilevel growth models. In the United States our sample includes white, black, and Hispanic children; in England the sample includes white, black, and Asian children. We find significant race/ethnic differences in the initial BMI and BMI trajectories of children in both countries, with all non-white groups having significantly steeper BMI growth trajectories than whites. Nativity differences in BMI trajectories vary by race/ethnic group and are only statistically significantly higher for children of foreign-born blacks in England. Disparities in BMI trajectories are pervasive in the United States and England, despite lower overall BMI among English children. Future studies should consider both race/ethnicity and maternal nativity status subgroups when examining disparities in BMI in the United States and England. Differences in BMI are apparent in early childhood, which suggests that interventions targeting pre-school age children may be most effective at stemming childhood disparities in BMI.
Helical conformation of myoglobin and its cyanogen bromide-treated fragments in sodium dodecyl sulfate solution

Abstract Circular dichroic spectra of metmyoglobin and apomyoglobin were measured in neutral and acidic solution. Addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO 4 ) slightly reduces the helicity (based on the circular dichroic magnitude) of both proteins probably because of the loss of long-range interactions among helical segments. Lowering the pH of the protein-surfactant solution to 3 slightly enhances the helical conformation of myoglobin due to the protonation of acidic side groups and thereby the reduction of coulombic repulsion among negative charges. For BrCN-digested fragments the COOH-terminal peptide (22 residues) loses its helicity which can be restored by addition of NaDodSO 4 . The middle fragment (76 residues) retains a considerable amount of helicity in water alone, which further increases in the presence of NaDodSO 4 . The NH 2 -terminal fragment (55 residues) also has some helical conformation in water, which is enhanced by the addition of NaDodSO 4 . The circular dichroic spectrum of an equimolar mixture of the three peptides in NaDodSO 4 solution is the same as that calculated from the spectra of isolated peptides under similar conditions.
Cloning and expression of a bovine adenosine A1 receptor cDNA

A bovine brain adenosine A1 receptor cDNA encoding a 326 amino acid protein has been identified. This cDNA, which encodes a protein >90% identical to analogous rat and dog receptors, was transiently expressed in COS-1 cells. Recombinant receptors exhibited the features of bovine A1 receptors that distinguish it from rat and canine receptors, including subnanomolar Ki for 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine, R-phenylisopropyl-adenosine (R-PIA) and xanthine amino conjugate, and the distinct potency order: R-PIA >S-PIA > 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine > 2′-chloroadenosine. The results indicate that the pharmacological differences between A1 adenosine receptors among species result from only minor differences in receptor structures.
Historical reflections on current preventive practice.

Abstract Background. Preventive care in medicine and public health has evolved through historical stages. Recently, developments within the contemporary health care environment have pressured primary care physicians to deliver more preventive care, but little was known about the actual delivery of such services. The Direct Observation of Primary Care study investigated the delivery of preventive services. Methods. In the study's qualitative portion, research nurses observed 138 family physicians in northeast Ohio, dictating observational fieldnotes. After transcription, the fieldnotes were content analyzed to identify patterns and themes. Further consideration led to a secondary historical analysis of ideas influencing medicine and public health. Fieldnotes were then re-analyzed from a historical perspective. Results. The primary analysis showed variations among physician's philosophies and styles of practice that influenced the delivery of preventive services. The secondary analysis highlighted competing historical ideas that have shaped medicine and public health. The authors argue that contemporary physician's philosophies and styles of practice have parallels in the history of ideas informing medical and public health practice. Conclusions. The implications of these findings, particularly a lost appreciation of ideas that continue to be operational in practice, may be important if there is to be improvement in the delivery of preventive services.
BENDER GESTALT TEST DISTORTIONS IN HEMIPLEGIA.

Summary.-Drawings of Bender Gestalt Test figures by 16 left hemiplegics and 22 right hemiplegics were compared with those of 11 unilateral amputees who drew the figures with both their right hand and their left hand. The LH group showed systematic tilt in their drawings in a counterclockwise direction in both the vertical and horizontal planes as well as disturbances in the integration of vertical and horizontal planes. When the hemiplegic groups were comb~ned, deviations on the BGT were found to be associated with deviations in judg~ng a luminous line in a dark room. The findings suggest a rationale for some klnds of disrurbances on the BGT. In addition, the LH group had significantly more rotations, omissions, and additions. A normal S seated in a dark room will err in his judgment of the vertical plane when a unilateral sensory or tonic stimulus is applied under controlled laboratory conditions (Werner 8: Wapner, 1952; Wapner 8: Werner, 1957). Recently, attention has been focused on a situation wherein the individual deviates from normal as a result of disease or trauma rather than manipulation of the environment in a laboratory. Such instances are common among neurological patients wich unilateral impairments. Within the last decade, amputees (Comalli, 1963), hemiplegics (Birch, Proctor, Bortner, 8: Lowenthal, 1960~1, b; Birch, Belmont, Reilly, & Belmont, 1961; Bruell, Peszczynski, ti Volli, 1956; Bruell & Peszczynski, 1957; Hulicka & Beckenstein, 1962 ) , parkinsonians (Proctor, 1961 ) , muscular dystrophy patients (Friedman, 1960), and poliomyelitis victims (Blane, 1962) have been used to test derivations from sensory tonic or related theories. All of che latter studies have required the individual to make ji~dgmencs about the vertical plane when a liiminous line is presented in a dark room. In this paper we shall call attention to a corollary suggested by such results. We might anticipate that the alterations of vertical and horizontal planes which are reported by hemiplegics in three-dimensional space may be reflected in corresponding alterations on the Bender Gestalt Test, a task in which S copies horizontal and vertical lines in two-dimensional space (Bender, 1938). A number of distortions, such as rotation, have been demonstrated to be a function not so much of brain damage per se but of a host of factors which influence the way an organized visual field is translated into a motor act (Fuller & Laird, 1963). If we can point out systematic distortions on the basis of deductions from general principles 'This research was aided by a grant from the Vocational Rehabilitation Administration, Deparunent of Health, Education and Welfare. 'Association for the Aid of Crippled Children and Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. "Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in children

Definition. Revue des connaissances actuelles sur l'epidemiologie, le diagnostic chez l'enfant, l'etiologie (retrovirologie, anomalies du systeme immunitaire), les manifestations cliniques tres diverses, le pronostic, la conduite a tenir en general et face aux manifestations notamment infectieuses, les problemes psycho-sociaux et la prevention
An immunoadsorbent process for removing hepatitis antigen from blood and plasma.

An immunoadsorbent process has been devised for removing serum hepatitis antigen (HAA), from blood, blood plasma, and plasma products. The immunoadsorbent complexes specifically with HAA and the complex is removed from the plasma by filtration. The complex is dissociated with 0.23M NH4OH. The immunoadsorbant is regenerated for further processing, while the purified HAA by-product my be used to produce more antibody in animals. The rate of complexing is such that HAA is reduced one log cycle each 2hr. Since available tests can only detect HAA to about 109 particles per ml, it is proposed that HAA negative plasma and plasma products can be processed to reduce HAA to a probability of less than one HAA particle per plasma pool. A gibbon injected with infectious commercial Factor IX that was subjected to the immunoadsorbent process showed no sign of infection after 8 months. However 14 weeks after injection with unprocessed Factor IX, the gibbon showed signs of infection.
Refugees from lost habitat and reorganization of genetic population structure

When habitat is lost, individuals of many species are able to flee and reestablish themselves in other sites. Such cases may be studied with refugee models of genetic population structure. The fleeing refu- gees carry their genes, which can result in a reorganization of genetic structure. Differentiation among demes ( F ST ) is reduced, and additive genetic variance ( V A ) within remaining demes is increased. These ef- fects accumulate for as many generations as habitat continues to be lost. After habitat loss and stabilization of a new habitat structure, genetic differentiation among demes and fixation of rare or deleterious alleles will again increase by genetic drift, a slow process, and will ultimately equilibrate at new levels of F ST and V A. The temporary increase of V A in surviving demes increases their mean fitness and can forestall problems with inbreeding depression and the ability of demes to adapt to environmental changes. It is likely that a large proportion of species of conservation concern are able to flee during habitat loss. Many of these have probably recently experienced significant genetic restructuring and have not returned to equilibrium levels of genetic differentiation. This introduces a temporary upward bias when interdemic gene flow rates (Nm) are inferred from F ST , and it inflates the measures of the long-term standing genetic variance, V A , that these populations are able to maintain. In principle, these biases can be estimated and some gross aspects of pre- fragmentation genetic structure can be recovered, but much more empirical data are needed on the dynam- ics of refugee establishment.
One-bit representation of a gray-scale nonlinear joint transform correlator

We investigate a binary encoding technique to represent grayscale nonlinear joint transform correlators. We show that the joint power spectrum can be binary encoded to represent gray-scale nonlinear joint transform correlators. The threshold function is computed analytically in terms of the power spectra of the input signal and the reference signal. Computer simulations of the correlation tests for various degrees of nonlinear transformation of the joint power spectrum are presented.
Re-establishment of the genus Prenanthella Rydb. (Compositae: Cichorieae)

Prenanthella is re-established as a genus distinct fromLygodesmia on the basis of morphological, palynological, and chromosomal data. Possible relationships ofPrenanthella to other Stephanomerinae and to the genusCrepis are suggested.
Catholic Schools Enduring Presence in Urban America

Paradoxically, because Catholic schools did not abandon education in urban society, the recent Supreme Court ruling on vouchers awakens interest in one of our nation’s best-kept urban secrets. Usin...
Photoexcitation of the isometric states of Cd111 and In115 with mono-energetic gamma rays

The cross sections for photoexcitation of Cd/sup 111m/ and In/sup 115m/ using gamma rays from the F/sup 19/(p, alpha gamma )O/16/ reaction were measured. For a gamma beam in which the intensity ratio (I/sub 6.91/ + I/sub 7.11)/I/ sub6.14/ = 6.7, the Cd/sup 111/( gamma gamma )Cd/s up 111m/ and In/sup 115/( gamma , gamma ')In/sup 115m/ m cross sections are 0.4 and 1.6 mb, respectively. (auth)
Asynchronous pole assignment for linear systems with independent blocks

We consider a linear periodic control system with linearly independent column bases of the blocks of the coefficient matrix, which has zero mean value and admits a block triangular representation. For the case of a linear state feedback control periodic with the same period as the system itself, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the asynchronous pole assignment problem, i.e., the problem of finding a feedback coefficient such that the closed-loop system has a strongly irregular periodic solution with the desired frequencies.
Audio-visual person authentication with multiple face-profiles and compressed-feature-dynamics signatures of spoken passwords

We present an audio-visual user authentication system which extracts multiple face profiles using a simple user-interface and compresses these face profiles into compact transformed face profile (TFP) feature vectors. The MFCC vectors from the spoken password are combined with the TFP vectors to form a joint AV feature vector processed by a simple nearest neighbour classifier. The speaking-style of the user is also efficiently captured by a compact FGRAM-CFD representation of the entire spoken password and merged with the face information by a post-fusion classification. The resulting person authentication framework delivers high performance and resilience against imposter attacks as demonstrated in extensive simulations conducted on an in-house Audio-visual userID database, collected in real-life office environment.
Scientific Teaching: Defining a Taxonomy of Observable Practices

Over the past several decades, numerous reports have been published advocating for changes to undergraduate science education. These national calls inspired the formation of the National Academies Summer Institutes on Undergraduate Education in Biology (SI), a group of regional workshops to help faculty members learn and implement interactive teaching methods. The SI curriculum promotes a pedagogical framework called Scientific Teaching (ST), which aims to bring the vitality of modern research into the classroom by engaging students in the scientific discovery process and using student data to inform the ongoing development of teaching methods. With the spread of ST, the need emerges to systematically define its components in order to establish a common description for education researchers and practitioners. We describe the development of a taxonomy detailing ST’s core elements and provide data from classroom observations and faculty surveys in support of its applicability within undergraduate science courses. The final taxonomy consists of 15 pedagogical goals and 37 supporting practices, specifying observable behaviors, artifacts, and features associated with ST. This taxonomy will support future educational efforts by providing a framework for researchers studying the processes and outcomes of ST-based course transformations as well as a concise guide for faculty members developing classes.
Integrated RF components in a SiGe bipolar technology

Several components for the design of monolithic RF transceivers on silicon substrates are presented and discussed. They are integrated in a manufacturable analog SiGe bipolar technology without any significant process alterations. Spiral inductors have inductance values in the range of /spl sim/0.15-80 nH with typical maximum quality-factors (Q/sub max/) of 3-20. The Q/sub max/'s are highest if the doping concentration under the inductors is kept minimum. It is shown that the inductor area is an important parameter toward optimization of Q/sub max/ at a given frequency. The inductors can be represented in circuit design by a simple lumped-element model. MOS capacitors have Q's of /spl sim/20/f (GHz)/C(pF), metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors reach Q's of /spl sim/80/f (GHz)/C(pF), and varactors with a 40% tuning range have Q's of /spl sim/70/f (GHz)/C(pF). Those devices can he modeled by using lumped elements as well. The accuracy of the modeling is verified by comparing the simulated and the measured high-frequency characteristics of a fully integrated, passive-element bandpass filter.
Design and Synthesis of a Carry-Free Signed-Digit Decimal Adder

The decimal arithmetic has been receiving an increased attention because of the growth of financial and scientific applications requiring high precision and increased computing power. This paper presents an efficient architecture for multi-digit decimal addition based on carry-free signed-digit numbers. In this study, the decimal adder architecture has been designed and synthesized using the TSMC 0.18mu technology. The synthesis results were compared to the existing decimal adders with respect to design area, delay and power consumption. These results show that proposed adder architecture improves the area-delay factor by 3 for a 32 digit adder.
RNA modulation of the human DNA methyltransferase 3A

DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is one of two human de novo DNA methyltransferases essential for transcription regulation during cellular development and differentiation. There is increasing evidence that RNA plays a role in directing DNA methylation to specific genomic locations within mammalian cells. Here, we describe two modes of RNA regulation of DNMT3A in vitro. We show a single-stranded RNA molecule that is antisense to the E-cadherin promoter binds tightly to the catalytic domain in a structurally dependent fashion causing potent inhibition of DNMT3A activity. Two other RNA molecules bind DNMT3A at an allosteric site outside the catalytic domain, causing no change in catalysis. Our observation of the potent and specific in vitro modulation of DNMT3A activity by RNA supports in vivo data that RNA interacts with DNMT3A to regulate transcription.
Architecture, Symbolism, and Function: The Nazi Party's ‘Forum of the Movement’:

As the birthplace of the Nazi Party, Munich assumed a prominent role in Hitler's plans to build a new Germany. The first major project of this Nazi building program aimed to redesign Munich's Konigsplatz Square as a new ‘Forum of the Movement’. Contemporary writers and later scholars have generally seen the project as a successful and effective example of Hitler's ideas concerning urban design. Yet, informed by recent theoretical and methodological developments in geography, a critical analysis of contemporary sources and greater awareness of the square's new spatiality and functionality suggest that the project suffered from several deficiencies that limited its effectiveness both as a symbolic representation of Hitler's architectural aspirations and as a practical venue for party events. Indeed, the difficulties of co-opting this established public space likely played a pivotal role in shifting the focus of Hitler's monumental building program to new locations away from traditional urban centers and his...
A Benchmark for Online Index Selection

Online approaches to physical design tuning have received considerable attention in the recent literature, with a focus on the problem of online index selection. However, it is difficult to draw conclusions on the relative merits of the proposed techniques, as they have been evaluated in isolation using different methodologies. In this paper, we make two concrete contributions to address this issue. First, we propose a benchmark for evaluating the performance of an online tuning algorithm in a principled fashion. Second, using the benchmark, we present a comparison of two representative online tuning algorithms that are implemented in the same database system. The results provide interesting insights on the behavior of these algorithms and validate the usefulness of the proposed benchmark.
Heavy gluons and monojets

Abstract We propose that the UA1 monojet events are due to the decay of a colored gauge boson, of mass 160–180 GeV, decaying into Z+jet. The decay of this boson into W+jets could explain the anomalous events seen by UA2.
Surface-Based Scatterometer Results of Arctic Sea Ice

Radar backscatter measurements were made of shorefast sea ice near Point Barrow, AK, in May 1977, with a surface-based FM-CW scatterometer that swept from 1-2 GHz and from 8.5-17.5 GHz. The 1-2 GHz measurements showed that thick first-year and multiyear ice cannot be distinguished at 10-70° incidence angles, but that undeformed sea ice can be discriminated from pressure ridges and lake ice. Results also indicate that frequencies between 8-18 GHz have the ability to discriminate between thick first-year, multiyear, and lake ice. Cross polarization was found to be a better discriminator than like polarization. In addition, at these latter frequencies the differential scattering cross section ?° was found to have an approximately linearly increasing frequency response.
Acellular Bi-Layer Silk Fibroin Scaffolds Support Tissue Regeneration in a Rabbit Model of Onlay Urethroplasty

Acellular scaffolds derived from Bombyx mori silk fibroin were investigated for their ability to support functional tissue regeneration in a rabbit model of urethra repair. A bi-layer silk fibroin matrix was fabricated by a solvent-casting/salt leaching process in combination with silk fibroin film casting to generate porous foams buttressed by homogeneous silk fibroin films. Ventral onlay urethroplasty was performed with silk fibroin grafts (Group 1, N = 4) (Width×Length, 1×2 cm2) in adult male rabbits for 3 m of implantation. Parallel control groups consisted of animals receiving small intestinal submucosa (SIS) implants (Group 2, N = 4) or urethrotomy alone (Group 3, N = 3). Animals in all groups exhibited 100% survival prior to scheduled euthanasia and achieved voluntary voiding following 7 d of initial catheterization. Retrograde urethrography of each implant group at 3 m post-op revealed wide urethral calibers and preservation of organ continuity similar to pre-operative and urethrotomy controls with no evidence of contrast extravasation, strictures, fistulas, or stone formation. Histological (hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome), immunohistochemical, and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that both silk fibroin and SIS scaffolds promoted similar extents of smooth muscle and epithelial tissue regeneration throughout the original defect sites with prominent contractile protein (α-smooth muscle actin and SM22α) and cytokeratin expression, respectively. De novo innervation and vascularization were also evident in all regenerated tissues indicated by synaptophysin-positive neuronal cells and vessels lined with CD31 expressing endothelial cells. Following 3 m post-op, minimal acute inflammatory reactions were elicited by silk fibroin scaffolds characterized by the presence of eosinophil granulocytes while SIS matrices promoted chronic inflammatory responses indicated by mobilization of mononuclear cell infiltrates. The results of this study demonstrate that bi-layer silk fibroin scaffolds represent promising biomaterials for onlay urethroplasty, capable of promoting similar degrees of tissue regeneration in comparison to conventional SIS scaffolds, but with reduced immunogenicity.
Evidence for diminished levels of epithelial psoriasin and calprotectin in chronic rhinosinusitis

Background Decreased epithelial expression of mRNA for S100A7 (psoriasin) and S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) has been reported in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Objectives We sought to assess whether the expression of S100 proteins is also altered in the sinonasal cavity of patients with CRS. Methods We determined levels of S100 proteins in nasal lavage fluid and sinonasal tissue extracts from patients with CRS using ELISA and immunohistochemical analysis of nasal polyp tissue from patients with CRS with nasal polyps and uncinate tissue from healthy control subjects, patients with CRSsNP, and patients with CRSwNP. Results Expression levels of S100 proteins were decreased compared with those seen in control subjects in nasal lavage fluid from both CRS groups (P Conclusions Several S100 proteins are in the epidermal differentiation complex of genes and have been demonstrated to play a role in maintenance of barrier function and formation of an antimicrobial shield. We demonstrate significantly decreased levels of expression of S100 proteins in the epithelium of patients with CRS, which might lead to diminished innate immune responses and barrier function. Increased levels of calprotectin in nasal polyp tissue might reflect neutrophil recruitment and a compensatory mechanism. Future studies will be important to determine whether reduced levels of S100 proteins lead to decreased antimicrobial responses in the upper airways and sinuses and whether this reduction plays a causative role in CRS pathogenesis and susceptibility to infectious disease.
Design of Proportional Integral Adaptive Observer

This paper generalizes the conventional Proportional Adaptive Observer (PAO) to the case of Proportional Integral Adaptive Observer (PIAO). A systematic design procedure is provided for estimating the states and parameters of a dynamic system using PIAO. The proof of convergence is given and simulation results demonstrate the validity of theoretical development.
Ovarian neoplasias in children.

Abstract A Caucasian female, aged 4 yrs 2 mos, presented to the office with the chief complaint of a calcified 2 cm pelvic mass and resolving mild abdominal pain.
Manufacturing concerns when soldering with gold plated component leads or circuit board pads

When manufacturing with either gold plated component leads or printed circuit board pads, one must be concerned with the amount of gold in the solder joint. Gold dissolves quickly in tin/lead solders, forming weak, brittle compounds, that when in high enough concentrations, adversely affect the solder joint fatigue life. This paper discusses the effects of gold in tin/lead solder, a qualification test with varying solder paste volumes, calculations for percent Au concentrations, a reliability test and its results, and suggested process controls or manufacturing safeguards.
Collaborative Online Learning in Virtual Discussions

A useful strategy for learning communities in the virtual environment is the real-time forum, also called a synchronous discussion. Due to the fast pace of educational technology, this study hopes to benefit educators by developing an awareness and knowledge of virtual discussion capabilities. Using this strategy, instructors are able to initiate and facilitate their learning environment using dynamic methods of communication in order to achieve successful communication and collaboration between members of the class. This article discusses a case study conducted at Pepperdine University in the Online Master of Arts in Educational Technology and the critical insights which can be used by similar university programs to influence their thinking of how to best prepare future learning communities in virtual discussions. This idea that learning through utilization of real-time discussions is becoming increasingly popular throughout the educational community especially since students have become more advanced in...
Routing in an Optical Local Area Network using Wavelength Conversion

This project investigates the use of all-optical wavelength conversion to perform routing in a fiber optic local area network (LAN). In particular, the goal is to implement a scalable LAN that demonstrates reconfigurability and transparency, with minimal loss and bounded latency, enabling real time performance in the harsh conditions of the avionics environment. In these experiments, latency was reduced by over 55% when compared to an optical-electrical-optical (O-E-O) conversion technique, with the possibility for 75% reduction by using integrated optics (Jessop and Clifford, 2006)
How apicomplexan parasites move in and out of cells.

Apicomplexan parasites utilize a unique form of ‘gliding motility’ to traverse across substrates, migrate through tissues, and invade into and finally egress from their vertebrate host cells. Parasite gliding relies on the treadmilling of surface adhesins linked to short actin filaments that are translocated rearward by stationary small myosin motors. New details reveal mechanistic insight into the coordinated release and processing of adhesins, the complexity of adhesin–substrate interactions, the regulation of the actin–myosin motor complex, and the formation of a novel junction at the host–parasite interface. These activities are carefully orchestrated to provide an efficient process for motility that is essential for parasite survival. The parasite-specific nature of many of these steps reveals several essential points that may be targeted for intervention.
A distributed Bragg reflector silicon evanescent laser

We report a distributed Bragg reflector silicon evanescent laser operating continuous wave at 1596 nm. The lasing threshold and maximum output power are 65 mA and 11 mW, respectively and shows open eye-diagrams under direct modulation at 2.5 Gb/s.
A Restoration Study of the Southwest Tower at Chartres

No VISITOR or student of Chartres fails to admire the sturdy old southwest tower of the cathedral, but the satisfaction of the more discerning is somewhat diminished by the way in which the nave shoulders and crowds against it on the northern side. We should know, even if we had not explicit evidence,' that it was designed for a smaller building. The two western towers were, in fact, planned to stand a short distance in front of a spacious basilica dating from 1020 and 1031. The north tower, begun about 1134, is the earlier, but by 1150 both towers had reached the second story level; about 1145 a new fagade for the church was undertaken. This was set deep in the recess between the towers, and included the celebrated Royal Portal. Construction continued on the south tower, which was completed about 1190. Meanwhile the church had been lengthened by relocating the fagade at the front plane of the towers. All of this later work survived the "wonderful and miserable fire" of 1194, which reduced the church proper to ruins and was the occasion for the building of the existing structure. It was my purpose in making the drawing presented here to show what the appearance of the cathedral might be, had the old basilica with its west front of 1145 come down to us, and in particular to show how magnificent was the profile of the southwest tower when it still stood free. The north spire is an invention, merely representing, more or less, what must have been in the mind of the designer of the other; the drawing of the basilica is as non-committal as possible, owing to the limited data, and it must be confessed that two eleventh-century belfries of uncertain location do not appear; but after all, the purpose of the picture is to show the unsurpassed loveliness of the old spire. KENNETH JOHN CONANT, Harvard University.
Maraging Behavior in an Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn Alloy I: Precipitation Characteristics

Abstract The aging behavior of an Fe-19.5Ni-5Mn alloy has been studied in detail. A substantial maraging-hardening response was obtained upon aging at between 300–550°C, and it displayed classical hardening behavior. The pronounced hardness was attributed to strain hardening caused by coherent, fine spherical precipitates. The activation energy for precipitation, calculated from microhardness data, was 41 kcal/gmole. Ordered fct θ-NiMn precipitates were identified with two different shapes, depending on the aging temperature. Higher aging temperatures resulted in disk-shaped precipitates, while rod precipitates appeared at lower temperatures. Twin-related Widmanstatten austenite grains appeared in a lenticular shape that were coupled together by a twin boundary. Their orientation relationship with the parent martensite was found to be of the Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) type.
Ischemic preconditioning depends on interaction between mitochondrial KATP channels and actin cytoskeleton

Both mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) channels and the actin cytoskeleton have been proposed to be end-effectors in ischemic preconditioning (PC). For evaluation of the participation of these p...
Changes in fatty acid composition of sulfolipid and phospholipids during maturation of alfalfa

Lipids were extracted from alfalfa samples collected at intervals over the growing season and were fractionated to yield pure sulfolipid. In the sulfolipid and in a phospholipid fraction the major fatty acids were palmitic, linolenic, and linoleic, of which the palmitic acid increased in proportion during the season while the proportion of linolenic acid dropped. The sulfolipid contained more linolenic acid and less palmitic and linoleic acids than the phospholipids, and had a greater rate of change of fatty acid composition.
Reflexive Gentrification of Working Lands in the American West: Contesting the 'Middle Landscape'

The scenic rural landscape of Wallowa County, Oregon has attracted attention from affluent urban populations who value the physical setting and sense of rural authenticity of this remote setting. Since at least the 1990s, Wallowa County has experienced a wave of real estate investment by amenity-oriented populations, some of whom relocated permanently to the county and some of whom visit their properties only seasonally. Here, we apply the insights of rural gentrification scholarship to questions of land use and management. Specifically, we draw upon recent work on actor-oriented gentrification to highlight the ways in which land use is implicated in the reflexive processes of place (re)creation by gentrifier populations. In this case, many landowner-gentrifiers were acutely aware of their potential role in transforming the local landscape in ways which diminish local authenticity. An emergent discourse of "working lands" served as potential common ground for the imaginaries of both gentrifier and long-term resident populations. At the same time, landowner-gentrifiers instituted subtle but significant changes to land use practices in an attempt to reconcile their interests in consumption and protection with their interests in maintaining more traditional productivist practices. We interpret the working lands discourse as a manifestation of Leo Marx's concept of the "middle landscape," situated between the extremes of unpeopled wilderness and runaway capitalist production. Keywords: land use; amenity migration; land ownership change; rural gentrification; reflexivity
Querying Geographically Dispersed, Heterogeneous Data Stores: The PPerfXchange Approach

Syntax Tree Resulting XML Document Process Instructions PPerfXchange Virtual XML Documents Figure 5: An Architectural Overview of PPerfXchange Shown is an overview of PPerfXchange’s architecture. An XQuery is sent to the remote site where it is received by PPerfXchange’s network interface. The query is then parsed, creating an abstract syntax tree (AST). The AST is transformed into a series of process instructions that create a resulting XML document by retrieving data from a set of virtual XML documents.
Flexibility of disclosure by counselors.

The possibility that 69 male and 20 female graduate students in counseling were more flexible in their self-disclosure than were 57 male and 32 female undergraduates was tested in mixed-sex samples. Results supported the hypothesis and suggest that different criteria for flexibility of disclosure might operate for the two groups.
“No Defectives Need Apply”: Disability and Immigration

Lazarus's verse suggested that all types of immigrants were welcome no matter how poor, tired, or wretched. But that was simply not true when it came to immigrants with certain contagious diseases or with disabilities. Beginning with the first major congressional law to regulate immigration, the Immigration Act of 1882, Congress excluded individuals having mental and physical defects "as a threat to the nation" (2). Over the next four decades as the number of immigrants reached record levels, Congress repeatedly passed legislation excluding individuals with disabilities from entering the United States as immigrants. In both introductory and advanced history classes, I have found that juxtaposing Emma Lazarus's hopeful and inspiring words against the regulations specifying who was to be excluded on the basis of medical conditions has produced excellent discussions and essays on what it means to be an American and on the role of disability in American history. In this essay I will sketch briefly the history of exclusion on the basis of disability and provide some suggestions for classroom use of both the Lazarus poem and the regulations specifying excludable conditions.
Nonlinear Bioprocess Monitoring Using Multiway Kernel Localized Fisher Discriminant Analysis

A novel batch bioprocess monitoring approach based on multiway kernel localized Fisher discriminant analysis (MKLFDA) is proposed in this article. For the routine bioprocess operation with some abnormal events, a supervised monitoring method is needed to handle the training data set that includes various types of faulty samples. Because of the inherent process nonlinearity and multimodality among normal and faulty clusters, the traditional multiway Fisher discriminant analysis (MFDA) method becomes inappropriate and unable to effectively detect or classify faulty samples. The newly developed MKLFDA approach, however, combines kernel function with the localized Fisher discriminant analysis so that the “kernel” feature can retain the process nonlinearity while the “localized” characteristic is able to extract the multi-Gaussianity within data clusters. Furthermore, the integrated multiway analysis uses batch-wise unfolding to convert the three-dimensional data set into a two-dimensional matrix that can be f...
Treatment of osteoporosis. What is the role of calcium

On the basis of currently available information, the following recommendations can be made for treating osteoporosis. Women with no contraindications should maintain a total calcium intake of 1,000 mg daily before menopause and 1,500 mg daily after menopause. Calcium supplementation should be considered adjunct treatment in postmenopausal women and those who already have osteoporosis. At menopause, women with no contraindications should be given the option of taking estrogen to prevent osteoporosis. Vitamin D supplementation up to the recommended dietary allowance should be used in patients who may not get adequate dietary intake or sunlight exposure. Calcium carbonate should be the main calcium supplement when possible, because it is usually the least expensive and has the highest percentage of calcium. In older patients, who may have achlorhydria, calcium carbonate should be taken with food or another form of calcium that is well absorbed should be used. In compliant patients, calcium supplements should be given in two or three divided doses. Until more is known about exercise and osteoporosis, low-intensity exercise that promotes cardiovascular fitness should be prescribed. One appropriate regimen is brisk walking for 1 hour three times a week.
Biliary deoxycholate in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.

Deoxycholate (DC) metabolism was studied in 10 patients with biopsy-proved alcoholic cirrhosis. DC was absent from the bile of 3, present in reduced quantities in 3, and present in normal amounts in 4 patients. The oral administration of cholic acid, 1.0 g daily for 4 days, was accompanied by a rise in biliary DC from subnormal to normal levels in 3 patients, but had little or no effect in the 3 whose bile initially contained no DC. The feeding of conjugated DC, 0.4 g daily for 4 days, to 2 of the latter patients resulted in the prompt appearance of DC in bile. We conclude that both relative lack of substrate (cholic acid) and deficient intestinal conversion of cholic acid to DC may contribute to the reductions in biliary DC observed, in some patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
Generic programming in Ωmega

“Generic programming is about making programs more adaptable by making them more general. Generic programs often embody non-traditional kinds of abstraction; ordinary programs are obtained from them by suitably instantiating their parameters. In contrast with normal programs, the parameters of a generic program are often quite rich in structure; for example they may be other programs, types or type constructors, class hierarchies, or even programming paradigms.”