cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A blueprint for injury control in the United States.

In a 1988 appraisal of the status and progress of the injury control program at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), a National Academy of Sciences' Review Committee applauded the progress made by CDC in 3 years, including the competitive evaluation of research proposals and funding of 5 injury prevention centers and 31 demonstration projects. The committee made the following recommendations for further development of the CDC program: The CDC needs to gain institute status and appropriate funding to address research needs adequately. As the program grows, the organizational structure of the Institute should attain a balance of the five principal areas of injury control (epidemiology, prevention, biomechanics, acute care, and rehabilitation), assuring that CDC programs go beyond traditional public health approaches and identify the causes of injury as the key step toward effective control. CDC should continue the competitive evaluation and selection of research centers and demonstration projects, including State and outreach local programs, and should direct a major part of its injury control funds in this area. CDC should continue its cooperation with other Federal agencies and consider formal interagency coordination and joint funding of research. An advisory council should be formed to help guide the further development of the CDC program and devise a blueprint for future programs.
Larmor and helmholtz theorems for relativistic charged fluid flow

The covariant Larmor theorem is derived within the framework of special relativity for an inviscid charged fluid in the presence of an arbitrary electromagnetic field and a gravitational field which is described by a simple scalar potential. The flow need not be adiabatic or barotropic. The covariant form of the Larmor theorem, which is an antisymmetric tensor equation, is equivalent to two 3-vector equations, one of which is the equation of motion of the fluid. The other is just the familiar 3-vector statement of the Larmor theorem except for an extra precession that is thermal in origin. The relativistic Helmholtz equation for the fluid vorticity is derived from the covariant Larmor theorem. If the vorticity is defined as the curl of the usual canonical momentum of a charged particle in an electromagnetic field, then it is found that the vorticity flux diffuses through the fluid unless the flow is isentropic. If, however, the vorticity is defined as the curl of a generalized canonical momentum that includes an appropriate thermal 4-potential, then it is found that the flux of this generalized vorticity, called theintrinsic vorticity, remains frozen in the fluid even when viscosity is present and the flow is nonadiabatic. When expressed in terms of the intrinsic vorticity, the generalized Helmholtz equation may be given a simple microscopic interpretation.
The Unseen Mind

The human mind operates largely out of view, and yet people are unaware of their unawareness, confabulating reasons for their actions and preferences.
Decoupled and covariantly reduced relativistic Faddeev equations

The relativistic three-body equations for particles with spin 0, 1/2 and their bound states are decoupled, written in a form with no potentials in them, and covariantly reduced. The reduction procedure is formulated in terms of the Wightman-Garding relative momenta, which enable us to obtain the correct off-shell continuation in the total energy, leaving the relative energies zero, for arbitrary masses. Thus, it is possible to maintain appropriate time-reversal invariance both in two-body and three-body systems. The partial-wave decomposition and the separable approximation are discussed in full detail.
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Incontinence in Children with Pompe Disease.

Background: Pompe disease (PD) is a disorder of lysosomal glycogen storage. The introduction of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has shifted the focus of care from survival to quality of life. The presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and incontinence has not been previously described in children with PD.
Oral Acetazolamide after Boston Keratoprosthesis in Stevens Johnson Syndrome

Background Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a rare but severe and sometimes fatal condition associated with exposure to medications; sulfamethoxazole is among the most common causes. We sought to address the safety of acetazolamide, a chemically related compound, in patients with prior SJS/TEN and glaucoma. A retrospective case series is described of patients at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary who underwent keratoprosthesis surgery for corneal blindness from SJS/TEN, and later required oral acetazolamide for elevated intraocular pressure.
Exploring product communication between the designer and the user through eye-tracking technology

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the differences in visualisation patterns are related to a viewer's previous training in design appreciation, and whether aesthetic visualisation is trainable in a short term. Forty-three female subjects, consisting of 20 trained and 23 untrained viewers, participated. Twenty fashion images, posed by a male and a female model, were shown on an eye-tracker screen for 10 s each. This study revealed that the trained viewer tended to show longer gaze duration and higher densities of fixations over the image, to be more sensitive to design changes, and to have less random scanning time, than the untrained viewer. Further, this study indicated that repetitive viewing of the same image in a short term was not an effective training mode of aesthetic visualisation.
Acoustic characteristics of speech produced without oral sensation.

The acoustic characteristics of continuous speech produced by an adult male talker with and without oral (nerve block) anesthesia were investigated using digital speech processing procedures. Vowel...
A generalized histogram clustering scheme for multidimensional image data

Abstract A clustering procedure called HICAP (HIstogram Cluster Analysis Procedure) was developed to perform an unsupervised classification of multidimensional image data. The clustering approach used in HICAP is based upon an algorithm described by Narendra and Goldberg to classify four-dimensional Landsat Multispectral Scanner data. HICAP incorporates two major modifications to the scheme by Narendra and Goldberg. The first modification is that HICAP is generalized to process up to 32-bit data with an arbitrary number of dimensions. The second modification is that HICAP uses more efficient algorithms to implement the clustering approach described by Narendra and Goldberg.(1) This means that the HICAP classification requires less computation, although it is otherwise identical to the original classification. The computational savings afforded by HICAP increases with the number of dimensions in the data.
Mast cells in the neonate musk shrew brain: implications for neuroendocrine immune interactions

In allergic and inflammatory conditions, mast cells respond to and affect both the nervous and endocrine systems. Yet, their function in healthy brain tissue is poorly understood. We report here the occurrence of mast cells concentrated in the lateral posterior, laterodorsal and dorsal lateral geniculate nuclei of the thalamus, in the lateral and medial habenula and in overlying pial layers in the brains of neonate musk shrews. Mast cells are very abundant on the day of birth and decline with age. From postnatal day 0 to 9, mast cells are most abundant in the thalamus. The mast cell population declines rapidly in the thalamus after day 9. By postnatal day 15 equivalent numbers of mast cells are seen in the thalamus, lateral and medial habenula. Interestingly, mast cells are in close association with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-containing fibers in the neonate brain suggesting an association between the neuroendocrine and immune systems in the developing musk shrew brain.
Traceless Capping Agent for Peptide Sequencing by Partial Edman Degradation and Mass Spectrometry

An improved method for the rapid sequence determination of biologically active peptides selected from one-bead−one-peptide combinatorial libraries has been developed. In this method, beads carrying unique peptide sequences were subjected to multiple cycles of partial Edman degradation (PED) by the treatment with a 15−30:1 mixture of phenyl isothiocyanate and N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (Fmoc-OSU), to generate a series of sequence-specific truncation products (a peptide ladder) for each resin-bound peptide. Following PED, the Fmoc group was removed from the N-terminus and any reacted side chains by piperidine treatment. The sequence of the full-length peptide on each bead was then determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The use of Fmoc-OSU as a traceless capping agent resulted in cleaner MS spectra and improved reliability for sequence assignment. This rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive sequencing method should further expand the utility of combinatorial...
THE INFLUENCE OF AGING BEEF IN VACUUM

U.S. Choice grade beef loins and ribs were aged to determine the effect of vacuum packaging for 7 and 15 days at 32° and 40° F on sensory characteristics, microbial counts and weight loss. Vacuum packaging had no significant influence on tenderness, flavor and juiciness but produced a highly significant reduction in weight loss during aging. Surface bacterial counts were significantly less on the vacuum packaged portions than the portions not packaged.
EFFECT OF IODOTHIOURACIL ON THE SERUM PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE

The experimental evidence of the antithyroid activity of iodothiouracil has led to the introduction of this compound into clinical practice for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. In our preliminary tests of the drug, we were disturbed to discover that the material is carried down during the precipitation of proteins for the determination of the serum protein-bound iodine. Consequently, the administration of iodothiouracil produces a very pronounced rise in the PBI. The administration of 50 mg. of iodothiouracil four times daily to 5 normal subjects uniformly produced an elevation of the PBI to levels too high to read (more than 26 micrograms per 100 ml.) within twenty-four hours. When the serum was diluted, it was estimated that the PBI concentration ranged from 63 to 119 micrograms per 100 ml. The use of the PBI determination is becoming increasingly widespread in clinical practice. We have found it to be a valuable aid in following the treatment of patients with hyperthyroidism. The fact that iodothiouracil interferes with the determination appears to lessen the value of the drug. This is particularly true, since other medications which do not have this effect are available. In any case, it seems worth while to emphasize the fact that the administration of iodothiouracil can be expected to invalidate any further use of the serum protein-bound iodine determination until some time after the medication has been discontinued.
Bulk Mass Transport Limitations during High-Flux Hemodialysis

Solute clearance during high-flux hemodialysis is determined by the combined effects of solute convection and diffusion in the membrane, blood, and dialysate. Previous studies have focused almost entirely on the membrane transport phenomena, largely ignoring the potential contribution from bulk mass transport across the fluid boundary layers in the blood and dialysate. This study presents a theoretical analysis of the coupled transport equations in the membrane, blood, and dialysate including the contributions from both convective and diffusive transport in each of these regions. The resulting theoretical expression for the solute flux demonstrates that bulk mass transfer limitations can have an important effect on solute transport and, in turn, solute clearance during high-flux hemodialysis.
Activation of a novel PKC isoform synergistically enhances D2L dopamine receptor-mediated sensitization of adenylate cyclase type 6.

Abstract Despite acutely inhibiting adenylate cyclase, prolonged activation of Gα i/o -coupled receptors leads to a subsequent heterologous sensitization of adenylate cyclase responsiveness. Recently, protein kinase signaling and phosphorylation have been implicated in the sensitization of adenylate cyclase type 6 (AC6). To examine the sensitization specifically of AC6, we constructed human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) cells stably expressing AC6 and the Gα i/o -coupled D 2L dopamine receptor. In contrast to observations in δ-opioid-expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that express endogenous AC6 and AC7, neither protein kinase C (PKC) nor tyrosine kinase inhibitors attenuated D 2L receptor-mediated sensitization of AC6. Inhibition of Raf1 modestly inhibited the magnitude of D 2L receptor-induced sensitization of AC6; however, activation of PKC robustly enhanced D 2L receptor-mediated AC6 sensitization in a Raf1-dependent manner. These data indicate that, although PKC and Raf1 are not required for sensitization, activation of the PKC-Raf1 pathway robustly potentiated D 2L receptor-mediated sensitization of AC6.
Deducing values and perceptions in past decisions

Abstract Social scientists can approximate the motives, goals and values of past decision makers by carefully and systematically reconstructing their decisions. This reconstruction offers promise for rules for a science of decision making as well as giving historical insight. This article probes two examples: Chief Justice John Marshall's decision in Marbury v. Madison and President Franklin D. Roosevelt's decision in 1941 to begin the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb. Using the spreadsheet program called Policy/Goal Percentaging, the analyst sets out the hypothesized alternatives available, the criteria used to decide among the alternatives, and the perceptions of the relations between the alternatives and the criteria. One then determines whether that hypothesized data is capable of explaining why the chosen alternatives were chosen.
Iron and manganese uptake by offspring of lactating mice fed a high aluminum diet

Abstract High dietary Al can result in lowered tissue Mn and Fe concentrations in weanling mice. Possible mechanisms underlying this effect of Al (altered milk Fe and Mn content, altered absorption or retention of Fe and Mn) were investigated in this experiment. To determine if milk composition was changed, milk was analyzed for Fe and Mn at 0, 3, 7, and 12 days postnatal. To determine if Al influenced absorption and/or retention of Fe and Mn, a single milk meal containing 54 Mn and 59 Fe was administered by gavage to 12 day old pups and tissues were obtained 6 and 24 h later. Pup body and tissue weights were not affected by the high Al diet. Milk from dams fed high Al diets (1000 μg Al/g, n = 11, A11000) had similar Fe and Mn concentrations as milk from dams fed a control diet (7 μg Al/g, n = 11), although Al concentrations were higher. Absorption and tissue distribution of 54 Mn and 59 Fe, as determined at the 6 h timepoint, were unaffected by maternal diet group (control n = 16, AL1000 n = 10). However, total retention of both 54 Mn and 59 Fe was 8–10% lower in the AL1000 pups 24 h after gavage ( P = 0.030 for Mn and 0.017 for Fe). These data suggest that high dietary Al during development alters the ability of nursing mouse pups to retain absorbed Fe and Mn.
Resistance of bacterial protein synthesis to double-stranded RNA.

Abstract Double-stranded RNA fails to inhibit the formation of translation initiation complexes on R17 bacteriophage RNA, overall synthesis of R17 proteins, or the ability of bacterial initiation factor IF-3 to prevent the association of 30S and 50S ribosomal subunits into single ribosomes. Yet, IF-3 can form complexes with double-stranded RNA. However, IF-3 binds to double-stranded RNA with lower apparent affinity than to either R17 RNA or 30S ribosomal subunits; this may explain the resistance of bacterial protein synthesis to double-stranded RNA.
Failure of single-toxin assays to detect Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease

Failure of single-toxin assays to detect Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Voter Rolloff in a Low-Information Context Evidence From Intermediate Appellate Court Elections

Hall notes that ballot rolloff in supreme court races is substantial but not random. Various institutional, election-specific, state, and district-level contextual forces lead rolloff to increase in some cases and decrease in others. However, it is not clear that Hall's findings apply to lower-level judicial elections because of the low-information environment in which those elections occur. Analyzing rolloff in 755 intermediate appellate court (IAC) elections from 2000 to 2007, we, with a few deviations, replicate Hall's study. The findings indicate that in many ways the variables that affect rolloff in supreme court elections are similar to those in IAC races although some differences do exist.
How Cocaine Abuse Affects Post-Extraction Bleeding

The effects of cocaine and the relevance of cocaine abuse to clinical dentistry are discussed. Severe bleeding after an extraction is reported.
Identification of Learning Disabled Bilingual Hispanic Students

The purpose of this study was to compare bilingual students who had been identified as learning disabled (LD) with a group of bilingual students who were not identified as LD (NLD) based on standardized measures of achievement and potential. In addition, behavioral surveys of both groups were conducted. Subjects were 20 first- through sixth-grade limited-English proficient bilingual Mexican-American children − 10 were learning disabled, 10 were non-learning disabled. Based on analysis of the data the following tests predicted learning disabilities: Prueba de Lectura y Lenguaje Escrito (PLLE), Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI), Test of Reading Comprehension (TORC), Prueba de Desarrollo Inicial de Lenguaje (PDIL), Test of Early Language Development (TERA), and the Perfil de Evaluacion del Comportamiento/Teacher Survey (PEC). Significant differences were found between the LD and NLD groups in 75% of the measures administered. Additional results indicated that the LD students scored poorly on the nonverba...
Contemporaneous relationship between corporate reputation and return

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the contemporaneous relationship between changes in corporate reputations and stock prices.Design/methodology/approach – The Harris Interactive Reputation QuotientTM is used as a measure of corporate reputation. Stock return and risk measures are evaluated for each Reputation QuotientTM survey period for the years 1999‐2007.Findings – The results provide evidence that, in the aggregate, firm reputations are procyclical. Additionally, firms with improved reputations enjoy lower volatility in their stock prices than firms with diminished reputations.Research limitations/implications – Due to the Harris Poll Online methodology, it is not clear that the price changes occur concurrently with the change in reputation.Originality/value – This paper contributes to the finance literature by examining the effect of a change in corporate reputation on stock price.
The use of an argon laser for polymerization of composite resin

A pilot study conducted to evaluate the initial application of laser technology to composite resin restorative dentistry is reported. Examination was carried out on the effects of enamel and dentin bond strengths and on the physical and mechanical properties of photo-activated composite resin that has been laser polymerized.
Properties of simultaneous confidence intervals for multinomial proportions

Inversion of Pearson's chi-square statistic yields a confidence ellipsoid that can be used for simultaneous inference concerning multinomial proportions. Because the ellipsoid is difficult to interpret, methods of simultaneous confidence interval construction have been proposed by Quesenberry and hurst,goodman,fitzpatrick and scott and sison and glaz . Based on simulation results, we discuss the performance of these methods in terms of empirical coverage probabilities and enclosed volume. None of the methods is uniformly better than all others, but the Goodman intervals control the empirical coverage probability with smaller volume than other methods when the sample size supports the large sample theory. If the expected cell counts are small and nearly equal across cells, we recommend the sison and glaz intervals.
Photosensor methods of flow measurement in the microcirculation.

Abstract The basic photometric method of Wayland and Johnson for measuring erythrocyte velocity has been extended by several research workers to microvessels ranging from capillaries to venules and arterioles as large as 130 μm. Consideration is given to the use of the erythrocyte as a tracer for measuring erythrocyte flux, erythrocyte residence time, plasma flux, and plasma residence time in vessels of various sizes. Various methods of analysis such as direct or electronic time delay measurement, on-line cross correlation, and frequency analysis are being employed. It is concluded that: (1) the erythrocyte is a valid tracer of local velocity; (2) erythrocyte velocity is readily measurable in capillaries by the two-slit photometric method; (3) erythrocyte flux can be measured in capillaries with a single photometric slit, but frequency analysis of single-slit data requires in situ calibration for determining the absolute velocity; (4) plasma flux can be approximated in capillaries once erythrocyte velocity and flux are known; (5) volume flow of blood in larger microvessels can be deduced from the two-slit photometric data taken at the centerline of the vessel; (6) further refinement is necessary to measure minor blunting of the velocity profile in microvessels; (7) methods of estimating hematocrit in these larger microvessels need to be developed.
Factors Influencing Silage Quality and Their Implications for Management

Abstract Preservation of crop quality, DM, and energy in the silo requires that plant respiration, plant proteolytic activity, clostridial activity, and aerobic microbial growth be limited. A critical mechanism for limiting these processes is quick attainment and maintenance of anaerobic conditions in the silo. If the crop is wilted to greater than 55% DM, fermentation of the crop plays a minor role in making quality silage. For wetter crops, a rapid decline in pH is essential. Dropping pH by fermentation requires an anaerobic environment, adequate substrate, and sufficient numbers of lactic acid bacteria. The substrate required for good fermentation is dependent on the crop, increasing with buffering capacity and moisture content. Approximately 10 8 lactic acid bacteria per gram of crop are required before a noticeable drop in pH occurs. Because this concentration is much greater than that supplied by inoculants, the most important characteristic for an inoculant is fast growth rate in the silo environment. Also, an inoculant's success depends on adequate substrate and its population relative to the natural one. Dropping pH by acids effects an immediate pH change, which is beneficial in preserving protein nitrogen. However, this advantage must be balanced against its cost and safety in handling.
SU-GG-J-07: A Complete QA System to Locate Accurate Positions of X-Ray Source and Detector at Any Rotation Angle for MV Or KV Machine

Purpose: Recent development of volumetric arc therapy necessitates an efficient QA tool to ensure safe and accurate dose delivery of arc therapy. The purpose of this work is to develop a QA phantom and associated data analysissoftware tool to efficiently assess the accuracies of various geometrical parameters related to arc delivery.Method and Materials: A rectangular phantom has been constructed with 13 ball bearings (BBs) embedded on the surface. The BB locations were optimized by using a geometric simulation software developed in house. An arc treatment plan with 26×20 cm field size at every gantry angle was generated for the QA purpose. During a QA test, portal images were acquired in a cine mode. A computer program was developed for automatic extraction of the BB locations on every image and computation of the geometric parameters that are important to the arc delivery. The X‐ray source location, variation of source to axis distance, the gantry angle index, and the iso‐center coordinates are computed and compared with the vendor's specifications. This QA system was examined using a Varian Trilogy. Results: The performance of the QA package was assessed by intentionally introducing a number of errors in the arc delivery. As a result, our QA system showed great sensitivity and accuracy in error detection. Our data analysis indicated that the variation of nominal gantry angle from the calibrated one could be up to 2.6 degrees with a standard deviation of 0.8 degrees. It has been observed frequently that two or three consequent images were recorded with the same nominal gantry angle while the gantry was continuously rotating at a pretty constant speed, which was proved by the calibrated results. Conclusion: Iso‐center location, source positions, and gantry angle variation during an arc therapy delivery can be examined accurately with this QA system.
Comparison of the traits of physically active and inactive women

Purpose: To explore the determinants of physical activity for working women and to compare traits of active with inactive women. Data sources: Original research articles, books, government reports, and self-report survey data from 373 university employees who attended an employer-sponsored health screening. Conclusions: Active women had lower body mass indexes and more beneficial high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared to inactive women. They were more likely to have a past history of sustained physical activity. Significant psychosocial determinants to physical activity included time constraints, confidence in finding an activity that can be enjoyed in bad weather, and not being too tired at the end of the day to engage in physical activity. Implications for practice: Nurse practitioners are in key positions to help women increase their levels of physical activity. Knowing the traits of active women can help busy clinicians focus interventions that address those traits, leading to greater efficiency and effectiveness.
Greater variability in kidney function is associated with an increased risk of death.

Intra-individual variability in kidney function is a common phenomenon; however, predictors of kidney function variability and its prognostic significance are not known. To examine this question, we assembled a cohort of 51,304 US veterans with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
HYBRIDIZATION IN TRADESCANTIA. III. THE EVIDENCE FOR INTROGRESSIVE HYBRIDIZATION

PREVIOUTS STUDIES of the American species of Tradescantia have shown that interspecific hybridization is comparatively frequent between the eighteen or more species closely related to Tradescantica virginian-a (Anderson and Sax, 1936; Anderson and Woodson, 1935). Hybridizations which were inferred from herbariunm and field work have been produced experimentally in the breeding plot (Anderson, 1936a). Detailed morphological analyses of hybrid populations have shown that the ultimate effects of interspecific hybridization are various (Anderson, 1936c). Apparently the commonest result is that through repeated back-crossing of the hybrids to the parental species there is an infiltration of the germplasm, of one species into that of another. If, for instance, two species, 'A' and 'B' come into effective contact, they usually do sounder conditions which greatly favor either 'A' or 'B.' If 'A' and 'B' differ in habitat preferences, seldom or never is there a habitat equally acceptable to both; they usually meet, if at all, in a situation quite favorable to one of the species but just fairly so to the other. Therefore, if hybrids are produced, they tend to cross back to the more abundant species. The progeny of thes6 secondary hybrids are likewise crossed back again, and so on. The final result will depend upon the balance between the deleterious effects of the foreign germplasm and its advantageQus effects in the areas where the hybridization has taken place or to which the hybrids may spread. Preliminary analyses of a number of genera of the flowering plants (Anderson, 1936b; Riley, 1936, 1937; Goodwin, 1937; Delisle, 1937) have shown that while such is not the only effect of hybridization between species, it is certainly one of the commonest. We have therefore given it a distinctive name, introgressive hybridization. In discussing the effects of introgressive hybridization, we shall speak of the hybridization of one species into another rather than hybridization with another. This terminology is chosen as a matter of convenience in discussing particular cases and avoids needless repetition of explanatory phrases. The' application of the terms " hybrid " and " species " becomes a difficult problem in dealing with successive back-crosses between an original first generation hybrid and one of the parental species. The F is clearly entitled to the term hybrid, but among the progeny of its first cross back to the parent there, will be a number of individuals which resemble that species verv closely indeed, and each successive backcross will increase the percentage of these indistinguishable or almost indistinguishable mongrels. After a few back-crosses most of the individuals cannot be
Magnetoelectric Random Access Memory-Based Circuit Design by Using Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

We introduce a magnetoelectric junction driven by voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA-MEJ) as a building block for a range of low-power memory applications. We present and discuss specifically two applications, magnetoelectric random access memory (MeRAM) and ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM). The MEJ differs from a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) in that electric field is used to induce switching in lieu of substantial current flow in MTJ. Electric field control of magnetism can dramatically enhance the performance of magnetic memory devices in terms of switching energy efficiency and switching speed. The development of such an energy-efficient and ultrafast memory has a potential to change the paradigm of a hierarchical memory system in the conventional computer architecture. By combining speed, low power, and high density, electric-field-controlled magnetic memory merges features of multiple separate memory technologies used in today's memory hierarchy. The performance of a VCMA-MEJs-based MeRAM, especially in the case of one access transistor associated with one MEJ (1T-1R) structure, is evaluated by comparing it with that of phase-change RAM, resistive RAM, and spin transfer torque RAM. MeRAM can achieve ultrafast switching ( $6\;F^2$ with a shared source region, as well as nonvolatility. For another application, we propose the VCMA-MEJ-based TCAM, which will be referred to as MeTCAM, consisting of 4T-2MEJs. Since MeTCAM fully exploits the low power and high density features of the VCMA effect both in write and search operation modes, it obtains a fast searching speed (0.2 ns) with the smallest cell area ( $44\;F^2 $ ) compared to previous works.
Lethal lysogenization by coliphage lambda.

Abstract Mutants of lambda insensitive to epistatic replication inhibition by repressor ( ri c ) were studied during lysogenization of sensitive host cells. These mutants establish defective complexes which neither lyse nor multiply as lysogens. This response, lethal lysogenization, is prevented by mutations inactivating either of the viral replication genes ( O or P ). It is not affected by mutations preventing prophage insertion into the host chromosome ( b 2 or bio ). These and other observations are interpreted as showing that a necessary role for replication inhibition in lambda is to permit delayed inactivation of the viral replication system during lysogenization.
The Z-Effect: Why Good Is Good, but Better Is Better

Most preference construction research studies the response mode of choice. While such research is important, relatively little preference construction research has addressed the implications of constructing willingness to pay. Understanding willingness to pay is important for pricing because choice does not necessarily produce the same results or insights as willingness to pay. This research begins to extend the current literature on the construction of willingness to payby investigating how it is influenced by the dispersion of quality in product menus. Two experiments demonstrate that willingness to pay is influenced by relative quality (i.e., an alternative’s quality relative to other alternatives in the menu). Specifically, these two experiments demonstrate that willingness to pay for an alternative in a menu can be manipulated without changing the objective quality of those alternatives because willingness to pay is correlated with an alternative’s quality z-score. This result is an artifact of the difficulty of translating psychological values (preferences) into numerical values (willingness to pay) combined with the comparative nature of the menu context.
Light and Temperature Control the Contribution of Specific DN1 Neurons to Drosophila Circadian Behavior

The brain of Drosophila melanogaster contains approximately 150 circadian neurons [1] functionally divided into morning and evening cells that control peaks in daily behavioral activity at dawn and dusk, respectively [2, 3]. The PIGMENT DISPERSING-FACTOR (PDF)-positive small ventral lateral neurons (sLN(v)s) promote morning behavior, whereas the PDF-negative sLN(v) and the dorsal lateral neurons (LN(d)s) generate evening activity. Much less is known about the approximately 120 dorsal neurons (DN1, 2, and 3). Using a Clk-GAL4 driver that specifically targets a subset of DN1s, we generated mosaic per(0) flies with clock function restored only in these neurons. We found that the Clk4.1M-GAL4-positive DN1s promote only morning activity under standard (high light intensity) light/dark cycles. Surprisingly, however, these circadian neurons generate a robust evening peak of activity under a temperature cycle in constant darkness. Using different light intensities and ambient temperatures, we resolved this apparent paradox. The DN1 behavioral output is under both photic and thermal regulation. High light intensity suppresses DN1-generated evening activity. Low temperature inhibits morning behavior, but it promotes evening activity under high light intensity. Thus, the Clk4.1M-GAL4-positive DN1s, or the neurons they target, integrate light and temperature inputs to control locomotor rhythms. Our study therefore reveals a novel mechanism contributing to the plasticity of circadian behavior.
Syntheses of marine ochtodane antifeedants via hydrolytic dehalogenation

Abstract The syntheses of five naturally occurring antifeedants of the ochtodane ring system (1-ethyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane), previously isolated from the marine red alga Ochtodes crockeri , are reported. A key synthetic step involves the hydrolytic debromination of 6-bromo-1,4-ochtodien-3-ol.
Post-coronagraph wavefront sensing for the TMT Planet Formation Imager

Direct detection of exo-planets from the ground may be feasible with the advent of extreme-adaptive optics (ExAO) on large telescopes. A major hurdle to achieving high contrasts behind a star suppression system (10 -8 /hr -1/2 ) at small angular separations, is the "speckle noise" due to residual atmospheric and telescope-based quasistatic amplitude and phase errors at mid-spatial frequencies. We examine the potential of a post-coronagraphic, interferometric wavefront sensor to sense and adaptively correct just such errors. Pupil and focal plane sensors are considered and the merits and drawbacks of each scheme are outlined. It is not inconceivable to implement both schemes or even a hybrid scheme within a single instrument to significantly improve its scientific capabilities. This work was carried out in context of the proposed Planet Formation Imager instrument for Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project.
Microtubule composition: Cryptography of dynamic polymers

The posttranslational modification of microtubules reveals additional levels of diversity within the cytoarchitecture. Modified forms of microtubules are differentially distributed in cells and harbor distinct sets of microtubule-associated proteins. It has been difficult to ascertain whether these posttranslational modifications dictate microtubule dynamics, or whether particular modifications follow changes in microtubule dynamics. A study in budding yeast published in a recent issue of PNAS (1) enabled genetic modifications of the primary transcript and analysis of microtubules assembled from modified tubulin.
Resection of an Obstructive Neonatal Cardiac Myxoma of the Infundibulum

Myxoma, the most common primary cardiac tumor in adults, is rare in neonates. We describe a myxoma arising from the infundibulum of the right ventricle causing significant outflow tract obstruction in an otherwise normal newborn. Serial echocardiograms revealed an increasing gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract prompting surgery. The patient underwent successful excision of the myxoma with an uneventful recovery.
Equilibration studies of an inorganic ion exchange material with liquid nuclear waste simulant using radiotracer techniques

Ion exchange distribution coefficients of zirconium, ruthenium, europium, and strontium, elements found in high level nuclear waste, were determined for a new titanium hydrous oxide-type inorganic ion exchange compound. Coefficients were determined at ambient temperatures and at 85°C. The equilibrations were done in solutions simulating the composition of nuclear waste expected from the Allied-General Nuclear services, Barnwell. South Carolina plant. The progress of each reaction was monitored by adding a radiotracer of the element investigated to the simulated waste solution. Ambient temperature distribution coefficients ranging from a high of 1.2·106 for Zr to a low of 58 for Eu were obtained when equal weights of ion exchange material were used. Significantly higher distribution coefficients were found at 85°C than at ambient temperatures.
Direct Integration of Functional Structures on 3-D Microscale Surfaces by Laser Dynamic Forming

This paper demonstrates the scalable and fast-shaping top-down integration capability of laser dynamic forming (LDF), transferring functional structures conformal to three-dimensional (3-D) micro-to-mesoscale curvilinear features on various substrates by the laser-induced shockwave. The functional materials preserve their electrical resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance after the laser shock induced transfer. The ductile interconnections inherit 3-D microscale structures on various substrates without excessive necking and fracture. This process is realized by the lamination of functional materials with cushion layers and the shockwave controlled by laser pulse intensity. The ability of direct transfer is affected by the laser intensity, cushion layer thickness, and geometry of the 3-D substrates. The experiments and numerical study reveal that the cushion layer absorbs most of shockwave energy by large thickness reduction and extends the formability of ductile interconnections. Eventually, the thickness of ductile functional materials is distributed uniformly along the 3-D surfaces. The ranges of the processing conditions for direct integration of functional materials without property degradation are also investigated.
Pharmacokinetics of the estrogen receptor subtype-selective ligands, PPT and DPN: quantification using UPLC-ES/MS/MS.

Estrogen receptor (ER) subtype specific agonists, diarylpropionitrile (DPN) for ERβ and propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) for ERα, are pharmacological probes used frequently to define mechanisms for estrogen actions in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative analytical methodology was developed and validated for DPN and PPT, based on synthetic stable labeled analogs (DPN-d4 and PPT-d5) using isotope dilution liquid chromatographic tandem electrospray mass spectrometric detection. The validated method produced high sensitivity, with detection limits of 0.04–0.07 ng/ml serum. Serum pharmacokinetics were evaluated in Long-Evans rats following a single subcutaneous injection (2 mg/kg bw) of both compounds. The role of Phase II metabolism was evaluated using β-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase hydrolysis to measure total DPN and PPT in addition to the parent compounds. The pharmacokinetic properties of DPN and PPT reported could facilitate experimental designs requiring specified levels of receptor occupancy for quantitative comparisons of ER subtype specificities for natural and synthetic estrogens in vivo.
Evaluating channels for control: capacity reconsidered

We show that Shannon's classical notion of capacity is not enough to characterize a communication channel if we intend to use that channel as a part of a feedback loop. This is done by considering the stabilization problem for a simple discrete time linear system. While classical capacity is not enough, we show by example that the stricter notion of Shannon's zero-error capacity is conservative. We finish by introducing a new parametric notion of capacity that we call "any-time capacity" and evaluate it for two channels with feedback: the continuous valued additive white Gaussian noise channel and the binary erasure channel.
Doing poststructural ethnography in the life history of dropouts in South Korea: methodological ruminations on subjectivity, positionality and reflexivity

This paper addresses the issue of positionality in researching the researcher’s own culture and discusses its epistemological implications. Drawing on the researcher’s own field experience in which she entered teenage cultural space, this paper is an attempt at a self‐reflexive analysis of the relationships between the researcher and the participants (teenage youths, former dropouts). In so doing, it aims to discuss the methodological significance of the researcher’s subjectivity, positionality and reflexivity. The paper unpacks the researcher’s journey with first‐person voices, intending to illuminate a poststructural thesis regarding the knower’s implicatedness, multiple and shifting subjectivities, and the negotiated and situationally contingent nature of stories.
901-7 The Survival Advantage of Early Grade 3 Patency After Thrombolysis for Infarction Increases Over Time

The survival advantage for thrombolytic treated infarct patients who exhibit prompt (90’) full coronary patency, grade 3, (versus incomplete, 2, or absent flow, 0,1) is well established at time points of one week or one month. The GUSTO angiographic study now allows inspection of subsequent changes, if any, in the flow grade specific patency-mortality relationships to one full year's follow up. Of 1173 patients in whom infarct artery (IRA) patency grade was established angiographically 90’ after treatment was begun, 12 month follow up is available in 99.9% (1172). Patency-1 year mortality relationships were: Figure options Download full-size image Download high-quality image (54 K) Download as PowerPoint slide The curves show increasing survival advantage over time consequent to early TIMI grade 3, (compared with all lesser grades) between 30 days (arrow) and 12 months. The one year mortality risk reduction for grade 3 flow is 54% (again vs TIMI grades 0, 1, & 2 combined) p < 0.0001. Notably the total fatality rate from 30 days to one year in the grade 3 group was only 1.4%. Conclusion The enlarging cumulative survival advantage associated with early establishment of grade 3 flow has been shown (in a robust, prospectively followed population) to be progressive at least through one full post MI year
Short communication: A GIS-based decision support system for integrated flood management under uncertainty with two dimensional numerical simulations

A new decision support system has been developed for integrated flood management within the framework of ArcGIS based on realistic two dimensional flood simulations. This system has the ability to interact with and use classified Remote Sensing (RS) image layers and other GIS feature layers like zoning layer, survey database and census block boundaries for flood damage calculations and loss of life estimations. It also provides a user friendly interface which allows construction of user defined criteria, such as stage-damage curves, running computations and visualization of the results. Monte Carlo Simulation method is used to take into account uncertainties in various variables and parameters, and event tree analysis is used to estimate the population dynamics. The analysis of a dam break flood management strategy for Sinclair Dam in Georgia, USA is chosen as a case study to demonstrate the capabilities of the decision support system. The test results compared with HEC-FDA software indicate that this new system provides a very versatile and reliable environment for estimating various flood damage, and may greatly enhance decision making process for future design of the flood proofing facilities.
X-ray atomic scattering factors of low- Z ions with a core hole

Short and intense x-ray pulses may be used for atomic-resolution diffraction imaging of single biological molecules. One of the dominant damage mechanisms is atomic ionization, resulting in a large fraction of atoms with core holes. We calculated the atomic scattering factor of atoms with atomic charge numbers between 3 and 10 in different ionization states with and without a core hole. Our results show that orbital occupation and the change of the orbitals upon core ionization (core relaxation) have a significant impact on the diffraction pattern.
Reliability and radiation effects in IC technologies

The reliability of advanced integrated circuit (IC) technologies may be dominated by the interaction of environmental radiation with the devices in the ICs. In particular, single event upsets (SEUs) and soft errors produced by single energetic particles may have a significant impact on the error rate of digital ICs. Additionally, some of the mechanisms responsible for long-term degradation of ICs under normal operating conditions are related to degradation mechanisms produced by ionizing radiation. This paper reviews issues related to prediction of error rates in ICs and discusses the roles of hydrogen in bias-temperature instability and total-ionizingdose radiation sensitivity.
Dynamic contention resolution in optical burst switched networks with partial wavelength conversion and fiber delay lines

In this work, we propose a new hybrid dynamic burst contention resolution scheme. The proposed scheme is based on the notion of burst segmentation and judiciously uses optical buffering (i.e., FDLs) and partial wavelength conversion, and at the same time dynamically selects contention resolution policies in response to the network traffic load change. We assume that the just-enough-time (JET) signaling protocol is used and that switches only have a limited number of full-range wavelength converters and some switches may not have FDLs or wavelength converters. The proposed hybrid scheme does not pre-reserve FDLs or wavelength converters. Instead, it uses them on an as needed basis to reduce the wavelength converters required. Extensive simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and to compare with other schemes. Results show that our hybrid scheme is effective.
The transport of radioactive labelled sodium ions at the round window. Corroboration of the mechanism of "Arslan's operation" for morbus Menière.

Radioactive-labelled sodium does not penetrate via the round window in the inner ear of guinea-pigs. The findings reported confirm the mechanism assumed by Arslan for his “osmotic induction” surgery in the treatment of morbus Meniere.