cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On inductive construction of Procesi bundles

A Procesi bundle, a rank n! vector bundle on the Hilbert scheme $$H_n$$ of n points in $$\mathbb {C}^2$$ , was first constructed by Mark Haiman in his proof of the n! theorem by using a complicated combinatorial argument. Since then alternative constructions of this bundle were given by Bezrukavnikov–Kaledin and by Ginzburg. In this paper we give a Geometric Representation Theory proof of the inductive formula for the Procesi bundle that plays an important role in Haiman’s construction. Then we use the inductive formula to prove a weaker version of the n! theorem: the normalization of Haiman’s isospectral Hilbert scheme is Cohen–Macaulay and Gorenstein, and the normalization morphism is bijective. This improves an earlier result of Ginzburg.
The Chromatic Number of Joins of Signed Graphs

We introduce joins of signed graphs and explore the chromatic number of the all-positive and all-negative joins. We prove an analogue to the theorem that the chromatic number of the join of two graphs equals the sum of their chromatic numbers. Given two signed graphs, the chromatic number of the all-positive and all-negative join is usually less than the sum of their chromatic numbers, by an amount that depends on the new concept of deficiency of a signed-graph coloration.
Learning Visual Affordances with Target-Orientated Deep Q-Network to Grasp Objects by Harnessing Environmental Fixtures

This paper introduces a challenging object grasping task and proposes a self-supervised learning approach. The goal of the task is to grasp an object which is not feasible with a single parallel gripper, but only with harnessing environment fixtures (e.g., walls, furniture, heavy objects). This Slide-to-Wall grasping task assumes no prior knowledge except the partial observation of a target object. Hence the robot should learn an effective policy given a scene observation that may include the target object, environmental fixtures, and any other disturbing objects. We formulate the problem as visual affordances learning for which Target-Oriented Deep Q-Network (TO-DQN) is proposed to efficiently learn visual affordance maps (i.e., Q-maps) to guide robot actions. Since the training necessitates robot's exploration and collision with the fixtures, TO-DQN is first trained safely with a simulated robot manipulator and then applied to a real robot. We empirically show that TO-DQN can learn to solve the task in different environment settings in simulation and outperforms a standard and a variant of Deep Q-Network (DQN) in terms of training efficiency and robustness. The testing performance in both simulation and real-robot experiments shows that the policy trained by TO-DQN achieves comparable performance to humans.
A Framework of Severity for Harmful Content Online

The proliferation of harmful content on online social media platforms has necessitated empirical understandings of experiences of harm online and the development of practices for harm mitigation. Both understandings of harm and approaches to mitigating that harm, often through content moderation, have implicitly embedded frameworks of prioritization-what forms of harm should be researched, how policy on harmful content should be implemented, and how harmful content should be moderated. To aid efforts of better understanding the variety of online harms, how they relate to one another, and how to prioritize harms relevant to research, policy, and practice, we present a theoretical framework of severity for harmful online content. By employing a grounded theory approach, we developed a framework of severity based on interviews and card-sorting activities conducted with 52 participants over the course of ten months. Through our analysis, we identified four Types of Harm (physical, emotional, relational, and financial) and eight Dimensions along which the severity of harm can be understood (perspectives, intent, agency, experience, scale, urgency, vulnerability, sphere). We describe how our framework can be applied to both research and policy settings towards deeper understandings of specific forms of harm (e.g., harassment) and prioritization frameworks when implementing policies encompassing many forms of harm.
Reaction-diffusion models for morphological patterning of hESCs.

In this paper we consider mathematical modeling of the dynamics of self-organized patterning of spatially confined human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) treated with BMP4 (gastruloids) described in recent experimental works (Warmflash in Nat Methods 11:847–854, 2014; Chhabra in PloS Biol 17: 3000498, 2019). In the first part of the paper we use the activator-inhibitor equations of Gierer and Meinhardt to identify 3 reaction-diffusion regimes for each of the three morphogenic proteins, BMP4, Wnt and Nodal, based on the characteristic features of the dynamic patterning. We identify appropriate boundary conditions which correspond to the experimental setup and perform numerical simulations of the reaction-diffusion (RD) systems, using the finite element approximation, to confirm that the RD systems in these regimes produce realistic dynamics of the protein concentrations. In the second part of the paper we use analytic tools to address the questions of the existence and stability of non-homogeneous steady states for the reaction-diffusion systems of the type considered in the first part of the paper.
Anticipated Adjudication: An Analysis of the Judicialization of the US Administrative State

To preserve democratic accountability, the actions of federal agencies remain subject to review by elected officials in the legislative and executive branches. Yet given the vast scope and complexity of the modern federal government, elected officials cannot possibly intervene in all agency matters. This leaves the courts to evaluate agency actions. Given the increased influence of courts over agency decision-making, agencies have evolved to include features that are more judicialized. Leveraging novel data on personnel records, agency litigation, and policy-making from 1996 to 2016, we provide an original and systematic account of the courts’ influence on agency personnel and professionalization. We find that agencies become more judicialized with increased exposure to the courts. Our dynamic comparison of the rise and fall of the number of judge-like policymakers within agencies highlight agency responses to judicial oversight.
Yu-Shiba-Rusinov multiplets and clusters of multiorbital adatoms in superconducting substrates: Subgap Green's function approach

We discuss all the characteristics of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states for clusters of impurities with classical magnetic moments in a superconducting substrate with $s$-wave symmetry. We consider the effect of the multiorbital structure of the impurities and the effect of the crystal field splitting. We solve the problem exactly and calculate the subgap Green's function, which has poles at the energies of the Shiba states and defines the local density of states associated with their wave functions. For the case of impurities sufficiently separated, we derive an effective Hamiltonian to describe the hybridization mediated by the substrate. We analyze the main features of the spectrum and the spectral density of the subgap excitations for impurities in dimer configurations with different relative orientations of the magnetic moments. We also illustrate how the same formalism applies for the solution of a trimer with frustration in the orientation of the magnetic moments.
An Empirical Study of Package Dependencies and Lifetimes in Binder Python Containers

Containers are widely used in scientific applications as they provide greater precision and flexibility in controlling nearly every aspect of the software environment. They can also be easily shared, enabling researchers to run with the same environment on different host systems—an important requirement for scientific reproducibility. In this work, we studied logs of container launches from Binder, a publicly accessible online service for executing Git repositories. Binder dynamically builds and deploys containers following a recipe stored in the repository. These logs capture usage over several years, and include nearly 14 million container launches of around 70,000 unique repositories. To gain more insight about the types of containers and software environments in use for container-based scientific computing services, we downloaded the user-provided recipe repositories referenced in the logs and captured the software specifications and repository metadata. We discovered a number of interesting trends that may be of interest to site administrators provisioning container-based infrastructure for scientific computing in Python. Based on this analysis, we found that automatically generated containers present unique management challenges that are not well handled by straightforward caching. We used historical metadata on package releases from Pip and Conda to quantify difficulties in keeping previously built containers up to date with changing external dependencies. Finally, we proposed several management strategies for reducing infrastructure costs and improving user experience when managing a large container-based service, and back-tested these strategies against Binder launch activity and historical package metadata to demonstrate the value of dependency-oriented container management.
Heterogeneous Effects of Software Patches in a Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Game

The popularity of online gaming has grown dramatically, driven in part by streaming and the billion dollar e-sports industry. Online games regularly update their software to fix bugs, add functionality that improve the game’s look and feel, and change the game mechanics to keep the games fun and challenging. An open question, however, is the impact of these changes on player performance and game balance, as well as how players adapt to these sudden changes. To address these questions, we use causal inference to measure the impact of software patches to League of Legends, a popular team-based multiplayer online game. We show that game patches have substantially different impacts on players, depending on their skill level and whether they take breaks between games. We find that the gap between good and bad players increases after a patch, despite efforts to make gameplay more equal. Moreover, longer between-game breaks tend to improve performance after patches. Overall, our results highlight the utility of causal inference, and specifically heterogeneous treatment effect estimation, as a tool to quantify the complex mechanisms of game balance and its interplay with players’ performance.
Isodual and self-dual codes from graphs

Binary linear codes are constructed from graphs, in particular, by the generator matrix \([I_n | A]\) where \(A\) is the adjacency matrix of a graph on \(n\) vertices. A combinatorial interpretation of the minimum distance of such codes is given. We also present graph theoretic conditions for such linear codes to be Type I and Type II self-dual. Several examples of binary linear codes produced by well-known graph classes are given.
Kernels for Noncommutative Projective Schemes

We give a noncommutative geometric description of the internal Hom dg-category in the homotopy category of dg-categories between two noncommutative projective schemes in the style of Artin-Zhang. As an immediate application, we give a noncommutative projective derived Morita statement along lines of Rickard and Orlov.
A Reference Grammar of Modern Hebrew

1. Preliminary discussion 2. Writing and pronunciation 3. The verb system 4. Verb pattern groups 5. The noun system 6. Pronouns 7. Numerals 8. Adjectives 9. Adverbs 10. Particles 11. Noun phrases 12. Verb phrases 13. Modal verbs and expressions 14. Clauses and sentences 15. Language in context Appendix 1. Verb tables Appendix 2. Noun tables Appendix 3. Punctuation rules Appendix 4. Rules for Ktiv male Index of terms.
Delayed Low Level Visual Processing In Infants With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) (I4-2.002)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize visual processing in early infancy of patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) and to determine if low level processing correlates with impairment in early visual reception skills. BACKGROUND: These data are a part of a large, prospective, longitudinal study investigating early developmental trajectories and markers of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in infants with TSC. We were particularly interested in low level visual processing because of evidence in the TSC mouse model of aberrant axonal projections in visual cortex and evidence of delayed visual reception skills in infants with TSC. DESIGN/METHODS: Infants were followed at multiple time points, from 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. At each age, a visual evoked potential (VEP) paradigm was performed. Infants were shown a flashing checkerboard for a total of 1 minute while EEG was recorded using a 128-electrode Hydrocel Geodesic Sensor Net System (EGI inc). Independent samples t-tests were used to compare differences in P1 amplitude and latency between the two groups at each age. Change in P1 amplitude and latency across age was also investigated in each group. RESULTS: Infants with TSC showed a delayed P1 latency compared to TD controls at each time point, and this delay reached significance at 6 months and at 18 months. TD children showed the expected increase in efficiency in low level visual processing over the first two years of life, while infants with TSC showed a delay in this maturational process. CONCLUSIONS: Early atypicalities in low-level visual processing in infants with TSC may serve as a precursor to deficits that contribute to cognitive impairment and ASD. Our ongoing study will correlate the trajectory of visual processing speed with developmental domains (such as language and social behavior) that are vulnerable in these infants at high risk for ASD. Study Supported by: the Department of Defense (DOD CDMRP TSCRP: 2011-2014) Disclosure: Dr. Pichon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ko has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nelson has received research support from Autism Speaks, the Department of Defense, the Simons Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Jeste has received personal compensation for activities with Tuberous Sclerosis Alliance. Dr. Jeste has received research support from the Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health, Child Neurology Foundation, the American Academy of Neurology, and Autism Speaks.
Random Fractals: characterization and measurement

Mandelbrot’s fractal geometry provides both a description and a mathematical model for many of the seemingly complex shapes found in nature. Such shapes often possess a remarkable invariance under changes of magnification. This statistical self-similarity may be characterized by a fractal dimension D, a number that agrees with our intuitive notion of dimension but need not be an integer. A brief mathematical characterization of random fractals is presented with emphasis on variations of Mandelbrot’s fractional Brownian motion. The important concepts of fractal dimension and exact and statistical self-similarity and self-affinity will be reviewed. The various methods and difficulties of estimating the fractal dimension and lacunarity from experimental images or point sets are summarized.
Male Batterer Profiles: Support for an Empirically Generated Typology

Domestic violence is an issue that affects different sides of society; numerous studies have shown that it is a problem that is increasing. This study used a discriminant analysis to identify those scales that might be more effective at predicting group membership among batterer types: pathological batterers, sexually violent batterers, generally violent batterers, psychological violent batterers and family-only batterers. The purpose of this study was to measure batterer behaviors and how the batterer types differ in terms of attachment styles, conflict resolution, psychopathology, jealousy, and alcohol abuse.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: a review of the literature and our experience.

Lars Leksell Gamma Knife Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Health Sciences Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., USA
Histone demethylases and cancer

Epigenetic modifications are heritable chromatin alterations that contribute to the temporal and spatial interpretation of the genome. The epigenetic information is conveyed through a multitude of chemical modifications, including DNA methylation, reversible modifications of histones, and ATP-dependent nucleosomal remodeling. Deregulation of the epigenetic machinery contributes to the development of several pathologies, including cancer. Chromatin modifications are multiple and interdependent and they are dynamically modulated in the course of various biological processes. Combinations of chromatin modifications give rise to a complex code that is superimposed on the genetic code embedded into the DNA sequence to regulate cell function. This review addresses the role of epigenetic modifications in cancer, focusing primarily on histone methylation marks and the enzymes catalyzing their removal.
Abstract B11: Stromal response to prostate cancer therapeutics

Docetaxel (D) is a clinically used front-line chemotherapeutic agent for castration resistant advanced prostate cancer (Pca). However, its long-term benefits are limited, with most patients eventually progressing because of inherent or acquired drug resistance. The treatment of advanced Pca is a significant challenge and there are no effective treatments that stably suppress the disease. The mechanisms behind the resistance to Docetaxel are not fully understood. It is well accepted that tumor microenvironment is essential for tumor cells survival, cancer progression and metastasis. However, the mechanisms by which tumor cells interact with their surrounding at different stages of cancer development or during chemotherapy are largely unidentified. The central goal is to identify the cellular and biochemical responses of stromal cells in tumor microenvironment with which prostate cancer cells interact. Specifically, the interaction of prostate cancer cells with stromal cells of the prostate or the bone microenvironment in the presence of clinically used cancer therapeutics will be examined. Key regulators of these interactions will also be identified. Such regulators include cytokines, growth factors, proteins, and their receptors. By identifying these regulators and their contribution to tumor drug response, novel therapeutics targeted to the microenvironment can be developed. Therefore, we hypothesize that the response of prostate stromal cells exposed to chemotherapeutic agents could modify drug response or therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer. Cellular proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. The IC50 of Docetaxel for WPMY-1 (normal stromal), LNCaP (androgen dependent), DU-145 (androgen independent), and HS27A (bone stromal) showed inhibitory effects between 2-10nM. Cell cycle profiles were assessed by flow cytometry. The analysis showed that Docetaxel (2-50nM) induced prominent G2-M arrest in prostate and stromal cells within 24 hours. Gene expression profiling of prostate cancer and stromal cells lines were evaluated. To obtain the expression profiles, we conducted a human cytokines and chemokines array, which consisted of 84 specific genes. Analysis of the prostate cancer and stromal cells treated with Docetaxel revealed differential expression patterns. These results suggest Docetaxel exhibits strong anti-proliferative effects and analysis of the gene array suggest regulation of genes associated with, cell growth, survival, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Dominique Nicole Gales, Khalda Fadlalla, Upender Manne, Clayton Yates, Temesgen Samuel. Stromal response to prostate cancer therapeutics. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Drug Sensitivity and Resistance: Improving Cancer Therapy; Jun 18-21, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(4 Suppl): Abstract nr B11.
Design and construction of a Compact Infrared Free Electron Laser CIRFEL

The 5-15 micron Grumman Compact Infra Red Free Electron Laser CIRFEL which will produce extremely short pulses of tunable radiation under construction is described. Electron pulses are produced at a repetition rate of up to 10 Hz by the illumination of a single crystal LaB/sub 6/ photocathode with a photon injector, a 6-10 psec, 349 nm (frequency tripled Nd-YLF) laser mode locked to the 20th subharmonic of 2856 MHz. Photoelectrons are further accelerated and guided to the superconducting microwiggler by a robust beam transport system through an achromatic bend. The /spl sim/10 MeV electrons interact with the optical radiation inside a near symmetric laser cavity. The FEL output will be coupled out through a hole in one of the cavity mirrors. The CIRFEL system is expected to be delivered in 1994. >
Structure‐preserving, stability, and accuracy properties of the energy‐conserving sampling and weighting method for the hyper reduction of nonlinear finite element dynamic models

Summary The computational efficiency of a typical, projection-based, nonlinear model reduction method hinges on the efficient approximation, for explicit computations, of the scalar projections onto a subspace of a residual vector. For implicit computations, it also hinges on the additional efficient approximation of similar projections of the Jacobian of this residual with respect to the solution. The computation of both approximations is often referred to in the literature as hyper reduction. To this effect, this paper focuses on the analysis and comparative performance study for nonlinear finite element reduced-order models of solids and structures of the recently developed energy-conserving mesh sampling and weighting (ECSW) hyper reduction method. Unlike most alternative approaches, this method approximates the scalar projections of residuals and/or Jacobians directly, instead of approximating first these vectors and matrices then projecting the resulting approximations onto the subspaces of interest. In this paper, it is shown that ECSW distinguishes itself furthermore from other hyper reduction methods through its preservation of the Lagrangian structure associated with Hamilton's principle. For second-order dynamical systems, this enables it to also preserve the numerical stability properties of the discrete system to which it is applied. It is also shown that for a fixed set of parameter values, the approximation error committed online by ECSW is bounded by its counterpart error committed off-line during the training of this method. Therefore, this error can be estimated in this case a priori and controlled. The performance of ECSW is demonstrated first for two academic but nevertheless interesting nonlinear dynamic response problems. For both of them, ECSW is shown to preserve numerical stability and deliver the desired level of accuracy, whereas the discrete empirical interpolation method and its recently introduced unassembled variant are shown to be susceptible to failure because of numerical instability. The potential of ECSW for enabling the effective reduction of nonlinear finite element dynamic models of solids and structures is also highlighted with the realistic simulation of the nonlinear transient dynamic response of a complete car engine to thermal and combustion pressure loads using an implicit scheme. For this simulation, ECSW is reported to enable the reduction of the CPU time required by the high-dimensional nonlinear finite element dynamic analysis by more than four orders of magnitude, while achieving a very good level of accuracy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-assembly of hexadecanethiol molecules on gold from the vapour phase as directed by a two-dimensional array of silica beads

We have demonstrated the use of a two-dimensional array of beads to direct the self-assembly of hexadecanethiol (HDT) molecules on gold from the vapour phase. The beads served as a guide to transport HDT molecules from the vapour phase to the gold, and their circular footprints defined the shape of the forming self-assembled monolayer. Depending on the deposition temperature and pressure, a monolayer in the form of either an array of rings or a membrane was generated, which were then transferred into the underlying gold by selective wet chemical etching.
Cultural Accommodation Model of Counseling.

The current article provides an overview to the cultural accommodation model (CAM) of counseling (Leong & Lee, 2006) that may help guide employment counselors' work. The integrative multidimensional model of cross-cultural counseling (Leong, 1996), a precursor to the CAM, is also reviewed.
Development and evaluation of investigational vena caval filters: the complementary roles of in vitro and in vivo studies

Abstract Background. The use of animals in medical research raises both ethical and economic concerns. Validated in vitro models allow extensive device testing prior to in vivo studies which limits the numbers of animals required to reach conclusions regarding efficacy and safety. Materials and methods. In vitro studies were conducted in a vena caval simulator (ECU) to evaluate characteristics of filter performance: ability to capture emboli, resistance to vertical movement from lateral forces, resistance to vertical movement from mass impact, and ability to maintain caval flow. These tests are used to select candidate filters for in vivo studies. In vivo filter studies are conducted in an ovine model with filters placed into the vena cava from a jugular or femoral vein approach. At intervals, the animals are sacrificed and both cava and device are evaluated for thrombogenicity, thrombus resolution, and mechanical integrity. Radiographs, intravascular ultrasound, and histology are used to determine outcome. Results. During the 6-year period from 1993 to 1999, 11 vena caval filter types were evaluated. In each case, it was possible to select a single prototype for in vivo study on the basis of four tests. An investigational device was developed that was comparable to the marketed devices with respect to clot capture ( P = 0.001), superior to the Greenfield in resistance to movement ( P = 0.001), and superior to the VenaTech and Simon Nitinol relative to volume loading ( P = 0.01). Problems with metal fatigue prevented clinical development. Conclusion. An integrative system of in vitro and in vivo studies allows efficient evaluation of IVC filters and identifies design characteristics associated with clinical functioning. Evaluation over time is essential to determine safety as well as efficacy.
Rebién, retebién, requetebién: Allomorphy of the Spanish Prefix re-

Spanish inherited an intensive verbal prefix re- from Latin, cf. recōgitō, to whose originally repetitive meaning—"to think again"—was eventually added an intensive counterpart, "to reflect, think over carefully." Spanish is unusual among the Romance languages in that it has freely extended this usage to non-verbal stems: compare rebisabuelo "great-great-grandfather" (noun stem), rebueno "excellent" (adjectival stem), rebien "very well" (adverbial stem). Spanish is unique in having developed allomorphs of re- that reflect its intensive character through expansion, especially to rete- and requete-. In this article I explore the mechanisms through which these allomorphs were created.
Ventilator use by Muscular Dystrophy Association patients

Abstract Two hundred seventy-three Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) clinic directors and codirectors of 167 of the 220 clinics responded to a survey designed to study patterns of use of mechanical ventilation. Ventilatory assistance was recommended and used on an elective basis in 43 of the 167 clinics. In 68 clinics, the policy was to discourage its use, and 62 clinics were managing no ventilator users at the time of the survey. The most common reason given for discouraging ventilator use was poor patient quality of life. Only two physicians who discouraged use of mechanical ventilation were familiar with newly described methods of noninvasive ventilatory aid. The clinic directors were also asked to estimate the satisfaction with life of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) ventilator users. Eighty DMD ventilator users also responded to a separate and identical life satisfaction survey. The clinic directors significantly underestimated the users' reported life satisfaction. The directors who discouraged ventilator use more significantly underestimated the users' life satisfaction than those who recommended it. We conclude that the MDA clinic directors' estimation of ventilator users' quality of life and satisfaction with life is positively correlated with the likelihood of their discussing and recommending ventilator use to prolong life. Despite the wider recognition and availability of more convenient noninvasive methods of ventilatory assistance, the use of mechanical ventilation by MDA clinics has not changed significantly since 1985.
Heat Production by Grazing Ewes with Low Forage Mass and Supplemental Grain

Abstract Goetsch, A.L. 1998. Heat production by grazing ewes with low forage mass and supplemental grain. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 13: 61–79. Three mature Dorset ewes, with catheters in portal, hepatic and mesenteric veins and a mesenteric artery, were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square (two 28-day periods and one 35-day) to determine effects of level of supplemental corn (0, 0.5 and 1.0% body weight; dry matter) on intake, digestion, grazing behavior and heat production by the whole body and splanchnic and extra-splanchnic tissues with grazing of paddocks low in forage mass. Live and dead forage availability ranged from 1 to 4 kg and 17 to 40 kg dry matter per 0.036-ha paddock, respectively; initial period ewe conditions were 71±2.5 kg shrunk body weight, 47±0.4% fat and 11±0.1% protein; and in periods, 1, 2 and 3 hand-plucked forage samples were 17, 20 and 29% crude protein and 62, 56 and 58% neutral detergent fiber, respectively. Metabolizable energy intake (1.39, 2.32 and 3.16 Meal/day; SE 0.11) and energy accr...
Synthesis, extended Hückel molecular orbital calculations, and X-ray diffraction structure of the pentamethylcyclopentadienylruthenium complex Cp*Ru(NO)(2,3-quinoxalinediolate)

The reaction between Cp*Ru(NO)Cl2 and the heterocyclic compound 2,3-quinoxalinediol in the presence of methanolic KOH leads to the formation of the new piano-stool compound Cp*Ru(NO)(2,3-quinoxalinediolate) (1). Product isolation and characterization by solution spectroscopic methods (1H and13C NMR and IR) are described. The solid-state structure of Cp*Ru(NO)(2,3-quinoxalinediolate) confirms the replacement of each chloride ligand in Cp*Ru(NO)Cl2 by an oxygen group of the 2,3-quinoxalinediol ligand. Cp*Ru(NO)(2,3-quinoxalinediolate) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca, a=14.846(1) A,b=12.718(1) A,c=18.255(2) A,V=3446.7(5) A3,Z=8,d calc=1.643 g·cm−3;R=0.0364,R w=0.0393 for 1245 observed reflections withI>3σ(I). The observed Ru−N−O bond angle of 156.3(7)° in the X-ray structure of1 confirms the nonlinear nature of the nitrosyl linkage. This bend in the nitrosyl moiety away from the quinoxalinediolate ligand presumably results from solid-state packing forces and does not derive from electronic interactions, on the basis of extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations. The MO properties of1 are compared with other Cp*Ru(NO)-substituted complexes previously synthesized in these laboratories.
The use of fluorescence in the measurement of local liquid content in transient multiphase flows

Abstract The theoretical basis of a technique we proposed recently for the measurement of local-instantaneous liquid fractions in highly dispersed two-phase flows is developed. The technique is based on the measurement of ultraviolet-induced fluorescence, and the theoretical approach is to carry out numerical experiments accounting for refractions in the radiation transport path and for the randomness in the flow field (i.e., droplet positions and sizes). These numerical experiments indicate that for a properly selected measurement volume (defined by positioning of the fibers) refractions have a small impact and the measurement is predictable and robust. We also present experimental data that demonstrate this excellently predictable behavior.
Empirical evidence concerning absorption lines and radiation pressure in quasi-stellar objects

Empirical spectroscopic evidence is examined for the hypothesis that radiation pressure having large gradients with wavelength plays a crucial role in maintaining patterns of redshift differences in quasars. Seventy-four absorption-line redshift systems in 32 quasars and two Seyfert galaxies are analyzed and discussed in terms of the radiation-pressure line-locking hypothesis. Redshift line ratios greater than unity are computed for each quasar and plotted as histograms. Ratios which may indicate line and edge locking are identified, including those of the C IV and Mg II doublets and those of the N III/C III, He II/O III, C II/He I, Ly-beta/H I, and H I/He I ionization edges.
Acid-base profile in patients on PD

Acid-base profile in patients on PD. Secular trends in dialysis dose in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and modes of dialysis delivery [automated PD (APD) versus continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD)] require a reexamination of acid-base status in patients treated with these renal replacement modalities. We explored steady-state acid-base profile and its determinants in 175 patients on CAPD and 77 patients on APD. The majority (62% to 70%) of patients had serum bicarbonate levels in the normal range, and a minority (17% to 27%) had values just above 28 mEq/L. Only a small percentage (10% to 12%) of patients in either the CAPD or the APD groups had a serum HCO3 less than 22 mEq/L, an indication of the successful correction of acidosis in most patients. The anion gap was elevated (> 16 mEq/L) in the majority of patients on CAPD and APD and bore an inverse relationship to serum HCO3 and a direct relationship to serum albumin and serum phosphate. In CAPD patients, but not APD patients, a significant inverse relationship was observed between the anion gap and peritoneal permeability as assessed by four-hour D/P(creatinine). The correction of acidosis in PD appears to be predominantly achieved by the continuous supplementation of alkali via dialysis, with residual renal function not differentiating the degree of correction. Steady-state serum bicarbonate in patients on CAPD appeared to be responsive to the underlying peritoneal membrane permeability characteristics of the patient that govern alkali loss and gain, but the higher dialysate volumes in APD appear to override this effect. Higher albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and phosphate in patients with lower HCO3 suggest a discrepancy between daily acid load and dialysis dose.
Isolation and Characterization of Membrane Vesicles from Human and Boar Spermatozoa: Methods Using Nitrogen Cavitation and Ionophore Induced Vesiculation

A method for isolation of plasma membrane vesicles from human and boar spermatozoa using nitrogen cavitation is described. The purity of the preparations were assessed by electron microscopy, marker enzyme assay and the sedimentation characteristics of fused plasma membrane-acrosomal membrane vesicles in sucrose gradients. PAGE-SDS profiles of plasma membrane polypeptides from boar spermatozoa were significantly different from those of human spermatozoa. Differences in electrophoretic profiles of polypeptides from different regions of the spermatozooon were also observed.
China and the 1995 United Nations conference on women

This study looks at the ways in which China's hosting of the 1995 United Nations Conference on Women failed to improve China's international prestige. China made enormous commitments of resources to the meetings. However, China did not benefit because of its own internal policies, because of a series of political events that, in conjunction with media coverage, created a critical environment, and because of the deteriorating relationship between China and the US.
Serum markers for predicting abdominal surgery outcomes in patients with cirrhosis.

Determinants of adverse events for cirrhotic patients undergoing abdominal surgery have not been adequately assessed. Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) have estimated perioperative outcomes with inconsistent results. Our study sought to combine novel serum markers with CTP and MELD to improve prognostication of 30-day postoperative mortality or liver transplant in cirrhotic patients undergoing abdominal surgery. A review was performed on 120 cirrhotic patients undergoing nonhepatic abdominal surgeries at Mount Sinai Medical Center from 2001–2011. Preoperative serum markers were evaluated by logistic regression and receiver–operator characteristics. Prognostic ability of scoring systems was assessed using Youden’s J statistic (J). Albumin and hematocrit were independently predictive of 30-day mortality or transplant with optimal cutoff values of albumin at A, CTP>B, MELD ≥ 10, MELD ≥ 15, and MELD ≥ 20 improved sensitivity and specificity by an average of 6.1 and 32.1 %, respectively. The highest J values resulted from combining novel criteria with CTP>A (sensitivity, 80 %; specificity, 82 %; p < 0.01; J, 0.63) and MELD ≥ 10 (sensitivity, 63 %; specificity, 90 %; p < 0.01; J, 0.53). Augmenting CTP and MELD with albumin and hematocrit significantly improved the identification of cirrhotic patients at risk of 30-day mortality or transplantation following nonhepatic abdominal surgery.
InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices for high performance mid-infrared detectors

Abstract The superlattice (SL) design parameters of a 50 period InAs/GaSb SL structure with InSb-like interfaces (IFs) were systematically varied around the 26 A InAs/ 27 A GaSb design in order to explore the parameter space for maximum photoresponse in the 3–5 μ m mid-infrared atmospheric window. Using previously optimized growth conditions, the SL structures were grown on p-type GaSb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with precisely calibrated growth rates. The electrical properties of the SLs were characterized by magnetic field-dependent Hall effect measurements below the carrier freeze-out temperature of the p-type substrate. Multi-carrier analysis at 4.2 K determined an electron sheet carrier concentration of 8.5 × 10 10 cm - 2 with a mobility of 8200 cm 2 /Vs. Two sets of SLs were used in the optimization process: the first set with a fixed InAs width of 26 A, and the second with a fixed GaSb width of 27 A . As the GaSb layer width varied from 15 to 27 A , the photoresponse cut-off wavelength shifted from 6.47 to 5.24 μ m. Similarly, as the InAs width varied from 26 to 13 A, the cut-off wavelength shifted from 5.08 to 3.05 μ m. The strongest photoresponse in the 3–5 μ m mid-IR window was achieved with the InAs (20 A)/GaSb (27 A) SL design.
Problems of Statistical Inference for Birth and Death Queuing Models

A large sample theory for birth and death queuing processes which are ergodic and metrically transitive is applied to make inferences about arrival and service rates. Likelihood ratio tests and maximum likelihood estimators are derived for simple models. Composite hypotheses, for example that the arrival rate does not vary with the number in the system, are considered. A numerical example illustrating these results, based on data generated by simulating a known model, is presented, which includes the testing of both true and false composite hypotheses.
Serotonin, pregnancy and increased autism prevalence: Is there a link?

The prevalence of autism, a neurodevelopmental condition resulting from genetic and environmental causes, has increased dramatically during the last decade. Among the potential environmental factors, hyperserotonemia during pregnancy and its effect on brain development could be playing a role in this prevalence raise. In the rodent model developed by Whitaker-Azmitia and colleagues, hyperserotonemia during fetal development results in a dysfunction of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis, affecting the amygdala as well as pro-social hormone oxytocin regulation. Dysfunction of the amygdala and abnormal oxytocin levels may underlie many clinical features of ASD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the most widely used class of antidepressants drugs, and they are not contraindicated during pregnancy. In this paper, we hypothesize that increased serotonemia during pregnancy, including due to SSRI intake, could be one of the causes of the raising prevalence in autism. If our hypothesis is confirmed, it will not only shed light on one of the possible reason for autism prevalence, but also offer new preventive and treatment options.
Dietary copper sulfate for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats.

Abstract Prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of goats has necessitated studies for alternative means of control. The objective was to determine the effectiveness of dietary copper sulfate for control of GIN in meat goats. Naturally infected buck kids received 0 (LC), 78 (MC) or 158 (HC) mg copper sulfate (CS)/kid daily mixed with concentrate supplement for 63 days. After 42 days the HC group was re-randomized into either the LC or MC treatment. In another study, naturally infected yearling does were offered trace mineral mix with and without CS and intake was estimated to be 140–200 mg CS/day. Goats grazed bermudagrass pastures and were rotated among two or three pastures to minimize pasture effects. Fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) were determined every 7 days in the first experiment and 14 days in the second experiment, and goats were weighed every 28 days. On Days 49 and 56 FEC were lower in the HC-treated kids (copper by day, P
Histopathological substrate for chronic atrial fibrillation in humans

Background There is a lack of understanding of the substrate for microreentrant circuits and triggered activity of the pulmonary vein (PV) muscle sleeves and atria in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective This study sought to examine the histological substrate of patients with chronic AF. Methods We stained 23 biopsies taken from the PV-left atrium (LA) junction and right atrial appendage from 5 chronic AF patients and 3 sinus rhythm (SR) patients undergoing mitral valve surgery using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) test, and antibodies to hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4 (HCN4), CD117/c-kit, myoglobin, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), growth-associated protein 43, cholineacetyltransferase, and synaptophysin, as well as trichrome. Results As opposed to being clustered together in the subendocardial layer in SR patients, PAS-positive cells were separated from each other by inflammatory infiltrate and collagen fibers in AF patients. These cells stained positively for HCN4 and myoglobin, indicating they were cardiomyocytes that might have a potential pacemaking function, but different from CD117/c-kit-positive interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICLC). In AF patients, the intercellular space was occupied by a lymphomononuclear infiltrate (100% vs 33% in SR patients, P = .002), and a greater amount of interstitial fibrosis (37% ± 5.6% vs 7.4% ± 2.8%, P = .009). Nerve densities did not differ between AF and SR patients. However, the density of sympathetic nerve twigs in AF patients was significantly greater as compared to the others nerves ( P = .03). Conclusion HCN4-/PAS-positive cardiomyocytes and CD117/c-kit-positive ICLC scattered among abundant inflammatory infiltrate, fibrous tissue, and sympathetic nerve structures in the atria and at the PV–LA junctions might be a substrate for the maintenance of chronic AF.
Rank correlation for screening precipitation chemistry data

Abstract Sources of errors in precipitation chemistry data can be detected by nonparametric rank correlation of a measure of analysis error such as the algebraic sum of cations minus anions with the concentrations of each ion. Concentrations of ions which are imprecisely measured or are associated with unmeasured ions will be significantly correlated with the measure of analysis error. This type of analysis is illustrated for one year of NADP precipitation chemistry data from an oceanic, arid continental, and humid continental station.
Characteristic signatures in the thermal emission from accreting binary black holes

We present the results of a calculation of the thermal spectrum from a 2D, moving mesh, high-accuracy, viscous hydrodynamical simulation of an accreting supermassive black hole binary. We include viscous heating, shock heating, and radiative cooling, evolving for longer than a viscous time so that we reach a quasi-steady accretion state. In agreement with previous work, we find that gas is efficiently stripped from the inner edge of the circumbinary disk and enters the cavity along accretion streams, which feed persistent "mini-disks" surrounding each black hole. We also find that emission from the shock-heated mini-disks and accretion streams prevents any deficit in high-energy emission that may be expected inside the circumbinary cavity, and instead leads to a characteristic brightening of the spectrum beginning in soft X-rays.
HEMODYNAMIC EFFECT OF POST-ISCHEMIC ATP-MGCL2

The postischemic infusion of ATP-MgCl2 is known to enhance recovery from acute renal failure. Since both ATP and MgCl2 are vasoactive compounds and increase renal blood flow (RBF), the hemodynamic effects of this complex were determined by treating animals with either dopamine (15 μg/kg), ATP-MgCl2 (25 μmoles) or normal saline (NS) after 45 min of renal ischemia. Inulin clearance (Cin) and renal blood flow (electromagnetic flow probe) were determined at 2 hrs and Cin and recovery of microinjected inulin (InR%) were evaluated 24 hrs after the injury. At 2 hrs the infusion of dopamine resulted in a level of RBF (1.70±0.09 ml/min/100gBW/kidney) and Cin (400±44 μl/min/100gBW) that was similar to that in the ATP-MgCl2 rats (1.73±0.27 RBF, 404±38 Cin and significantly (P<0.01) greater than NS rats (0.80±0.04 RBF, 78±19 Cin; P<0.01). However, by 24 hrs the Cin in dopamine animals had not continued to improve (460±25) and was similar to that in NS animals (388±40). In contrast, Cin in ATP-MgCl2 animals showed sustained and accelerated recovery (676±28; P<0.01). These differences resulted from improved integrity of the tubular epithelium as reflected by diminished backleak: InR 92±3% ATP-MgCl2; 45±5% dopamine; P<0.01). This study demonstrates that the initial hemodynamic effect of ATP-MgCl2 produces some improvement in Cin but the sustained salutary effect of this compound is related to the repair of sublethally injured tubular cells and restoration of cellular metabolism, which we have previously documented.