cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laboratory evaluation of 4 brands of endotracheal tube cuff inflator.

INTRODUCTION: Routine measurement of endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure is a standard in respiratory care, and several devices are available for measuring ETT cuff pressure. Yet an informed choice in the buying process is hindered by the present paucity of unbiased, comparative data. METHODS: Four brands of cuff inflator were tested: Posey Cufflator, DHD Cuff-Mate 2, Rusch Endotest, and SIMS-Portex Cuff Pressure Indicator. Ten randomly selected 8.0-mm-inner-diameter ETTs were modified and tested in a trachea model. The cuffs were gradually inflated and deflated. After each sequential change in cuff volume, cuff pressure measurements were simultaneously recorded with the cuff inflator and with a calibration analyzer. These data were compared using limits-of-agreement analysis. Then, with each of the 10 ETTs, each cuff inflator was used to measure 3 known (ie, measured with the calibration analyzer) cuff pressures: 20, 40, and 60 cm H2O. Cuff pressure measurements were averaged, by brand, and compared to the respective baseline cuff pressure. Finally, using the 10 ETTs and trachea model, the ETT cuffs were inflated, in 0.25-mL increments, using only a syringe and the calibration analyzer. The cuff pressure and cuff volume data from that procedure were plotted and the best-fit regression line was determined. RESULTS: There were differences in bias and precision among the tested cuff inflators. The Cuff-Mate 2 had the smallest bias and best precision. None of the cuff inflator brands accurately measured cuff pressure. In each case the Cuff-Mate 2 measured cuff pressures closest to actual. The Cuff-Mate 2 contains about half the compressible volume of that in the Endotest and Cufflator and CONCLUSIONS: The 4 cuff inflators tested differ in bias and precision and none of the devices accurately measure cuff pressure. Cuff inflator manufacturers should design an accurate yet reasonably priced device to inflate ETT cuffs, and ideally that device should allow cuff-pressure checks without decreasing cuff pressure. In the meanwhile clinicians may opt to use my proposed cuff-pressure measurement technique, which minimizes the loss of cuff pressure during cuff-pressure checks and provides more accurate cuff-pressure measurements.
cAMP opposes the glucose-mediated induction of the L-PK gene by preventing the recruitment of a complex containing ChREBP, HNF4α, and CBP

Glucose-mediated activation of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene is repressed by cAMP, making this an excellent model for studying the mechanism by which these contrary signals regulate gene expression. Using the 832/13 rat insulinoma cell line, we demonstrate using RNA interference and chromatin immunoprecipitation that carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP), hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α), and the coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP) are required for the glucose response of the L-PK gene and are recruited to the promoter by glucose. The cAMP agonist forskolin blocked the glucose-mediated induction of the L-PK gene in a PKA-dependent manner and blocked the recruitment of ChREBP, HNF4α, and CBP to the L-PK promoter, while simultaneously recruiting CBP to the cAMP-inducible gene, nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2 (NR4A2). Overexpression of CBP, but not ChREBP, reversed the cAMP repression of the L-PK gene. In addition, CBP augmented the glucose response of the L-PK p...
Eine Korrektur: Die Frage nach den Beziehungen Zwischen den Drei Verschiedenen Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik, den Drei Verschiedenen Evidenzen im Urteilen und den Drei Verschiedenen Begriffen von Urteil

Jetzt kann man die durch die vorliegende Auslegung bisher erzielten Ergebnisse in der folgenden Weise zusammenfassen: Im Zusammenhang mit der strukturellen Schichtung der formalen Logik als formaler Apophantik bzw. apophantischer Analytik hat der Leser der Logik in den §§ 13–20 drei verschiedene Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik, „drei“ bzw. — um Husserl besser zu verstehen, als er sich selbst verstanden hat — zwei verschiedene Einstellungen im Urteilen, drei verschiedene Evidenzen im Urteilen, drei verschiedene Weisen von Intention und Erfullung und drei verschiedene Begriffe von Urteil kennengelernt. Von dem Gesichtspunkt der Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik aus ergeben sich aus diesen funf Arten von Elementen vier Grundfragen, namlich, erstens, die Frage nach den Beziehungen zwischen den Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik und den Einstellungen im Urteilen, zweitens, die Frage nach den Beziehungen zwischen den Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik und den Evidenzen im Urteilen, drittens, die Frage nach den Beziehungen zwischen den Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik und den Weisen von Intention und Erfullung und, viertens, die Frage nach den Beziehungen zwischen den Stufen bzw. Schichten der Apophantik und den Begriffen von Urteil.
To treat or not to treat: the role of adjuvant radioiodine therapy in thyroid cancer patients

Radioactive iodine (RAI) is used in treatment of patients with differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. It is typically used after thyroidectomy, both as a means of imaging to detect residual thyroid tissue or metastatic disease, as well as a means of treatment by ablation if such tissue is found. In this paper, we discuss the indications for and the mechanisms of RAI in the treatment of patients with thyroid cancer. We discuss the attendant risks and benefits that come with its use, as well as techniques used to optimize its effectiveness as an imaging tool and a therapeutic modality.
Metabolic analysis of the loss of Rb1 in vivo

Inactivation of the p16/pRB axis is a rate-limiting step in tumorigenesis. Loss of these tumor suppressors is well known to disrupt control of cell proliferation but, additionally, these mutations cause changes in cell metabolism. To investigate the metabolic changes resulting from pRB inactivation we have exploited a Drosophila model. Metabolomics and in vivo flux analysis revealed that RBF-deficient tissues have increased nucleotide production and struggle to maintain sufficient pools of reduced glutathione; ultimately leading to increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. We have now extended these studies to mammalian cell culture and mice. Depletion of pRB in non-tumorigenic hTERT-BJ cells leads to an increased cell population in S-phase and slight increases in the cell population doubling time. Acute loss of Rb1-/-in the mouse colon, but not the lung, leads to a robust increase in Ki67 staining within 96hrs. We therefore asked to what extent metabolic changes associated with proliferation increases are conserved between pRB-deficient cells in culture and acute loss of Rb1-/-in vivo. We performed isotopic tracer analyses with both glucose and glutamine and found that while loss of pRB in cell culture promotes increased isotopic enrichment from U13C-glutamine in TCA cycle intermediates, little to no change was seen in isotopic enrichment from U13C-glucose. In stark contrast, acute loss of Rb1 in the mouse colon leads to robust isotopic enrichment from U13C-glucose in TCA cycle intermediates and the pyrimidine precursor aspartate; while little to no change in isotopic enrichment from U13C-glutamine was found in all TCA cycle intermediates but alpha-ketoglutarate and no significant differences was seen in aspartate. Collectively these results reveal that loss of the tumor suppressor pRB has metabolic consequences in vivo.
Evidence-based genomic diagnosis characterized chromosomal and cryptic imbalances in 30 elderly patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia

To evaluate the clinical validity of genome-wide oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) for detecting somatic abnormalities, we have applied this genomic analysis to 30 cases (13 MDS and 17 AML) with clonal chromosomal abnormalities detected in more than 50% of analyzed metaphase cells. The aCGH detected all numerical chromosomal gains and losses from the mainline clones and 113 copy number alterations (CNAs) ranging from 0.257 to 102.519 megabases (Mb). Clinically significant recurrent deletions of 5q (involving the RPS14 gene), 12p12.3 (ETV6 gene), 17p13 (TP53 gene), 17q11.2 (NF1 gene) and 20q, double minutes containing the MYC gene and segmental amplification involving the MLL gene were further characterized with defined breakpoints and gene contents. Genomic features of microdeletions at 17q11.2 were confirmed by FISH using targeted BAC clones. The aCGH also defined break points in a derivative chromosome 6, der(6)t(3;6)(q21.3;p22.2), and an isodicentric X chromosome. However, chromosomally observed sideline clonal abnormalities in five cases were not detected by aCGH. Our data indicated that an integrated cytogenomic analysis will be a better diagnostic scheme to delineate genomic contents of chromosomal and cryptic abnormalities in patients with MDS and AML. An evidence-based approach to interpret somatic genomic findings was proposed.
Looking for a “Better” Job: Job Characteristics and On-the-Job Search among the Employed in the Metropolitan Labor Market

As the gap between “good” and “bad” jobs widens, the opportunity for upward mobility from entry-level to well-paying career jobs declines. On-the-job search is particularly important as a mobility strategy to those with undesirable jobs. This paper examines the effects of low pay, lack of fringe benefits, and other job-related attributes on the likelihood of job search among the employed in the metropolitan labor market. The data come from the 1997–1999 Current Population Survey Contingent Work Supplements. Findings from logistic regression analyses suggest that undesirable job characteristics, rather than expected wage gain, are the major factors motivating on-the-job search. These characteristics include nonstandard, nonunionized, low-skilled, and low paying jobs, and lack of fringe benefits. Jobs with low wages and few benefits are typically associated with nonstandard, nonunionized, and low-skilled work. This paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings for workforce ...
The relative sensitivities of same-different and identification judgment models to perceptual dependence

Probabilistic models of same-different and identification judgments are compared (within each paradigm) with regard to their sensitivity to perceptual dependence or the degree to which the underlying psychological dimensions are correlated. Three same-different judgment models are compared. One is a step function or decision bound model and the other two are probabilistic variants of a similarity model proposed by Shepard. Three types of identification models are compared: decision bound models, a probabilistic multidimensional scaling model, and probabilistic models based on the Shepard-Luce choice rule. The decision bound models were found to be most sensitive to perceptual dependence, especially when there is considerable distributional overlap. The same-different model based on the city-block metric and an exponential decay similarity function, and the corresponding identification model were found to be particularly insensitive to perceptual dependence. These results suggest that if a Shepard-type similarity function accurately describes behavior, then under typical experimental conditions it should be difficult to see the effects of perceptual dependence. This result provides strong support for a perceptualindependence assumption when using these models. These theoretical results may also play an important role in studying different decision rules employed at different stages of identification training.
Differential Regulation of Hepatic Organic Cation Transporter 1, Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1a4, Bile-Salt Export Pump, and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 Transporter Expression in Lymphocyte-Deficient Mice Associates with Interleukin-6 Production

Cholestasis results from interrupted bile flow and is associated with immune-mediated liver diseases. It is unclear how inflammation contributes to cholestasis. The aim of this study was to determine whether T and B cells contribute to hepatic transporter expression under basal and inflammatory conditions. C57BL/6J wild-type mice or strains lacking T, B, or both T and B cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline, and livers were collected 16 hours later. Branched DNA signal amplification was used to assess mRNA levels of organic anion-transporting polypeptides (Oatp) 1a1, 1a4, and 1b2; organic cation transporter (Oct) 1; canalicular bile-salt export pump (Bsep); multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrp) 2 and 3; and sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp). Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to correlate changes of transporter expression with interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-6, IL-17A, IL-17F, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ expression in the liver. LPS treatment inhibited Bsep and Oct1 mRNA expression, and this was abrogated with a loss of T cells, but not B cells. In addition, the absence of T cells increased Mrp2 mRNA expression, whereas B cell deficiency attenuated Oatp1a4 mRNA in LPS-treated mice. Oatp1a1, Oatp1b2, Ntcp, and Mrp3 were largely unaffected by T or B cell deficiency. Lymphocyte deficiency altered basal and inflammatory IL-6, but not TNF-α or IL-1b, mRNA expression. Taken together, these data implicate lymphocytes as regulators of basal and inflammatory hepatic transporter expression and suggest that IL-6 signaling may play a critical role.
Ignoble Trails - Where Crossover Is Provably Harmful

Beginning with the early days of the genetic algorithm and the schema theorem it has often been argued that the crossover operator is the more important genetic operator. The early Royal Road functions were put forth as an example where crossover would excel, yet mutation based EAs were subsequently shown to experimentally outperform GAs with crossover on these functions. Recently several new Royal Roads have been introduced and proved to require expected polynomial time for GAs with crossover, while needing exponential time to optimize for mutation-only EAs. This paper does the converse, showing proofs that GAs with crossover require exponential optimization time on new Ignoble Trail functions while mutation based EAs optimize them efficiently.
Complete response in multiple myeloma: clinical trial E9486, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study not involving stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND The importance of obtaining a complete response (CR) in multiple myeloma (MM) treated with chemotherapy is unclear. METHODS The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated 653 previously untreated patients with active MM randomized to vincristine, carmustine (BCNU), melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (VBMCP), to VBMCP and recombinant interferon alfa-2 (INFα-2), or to VBMCP and high-dose cyclophosphamide. RESULTS Objective response was achieved in 420 (67%) of the 628 eligible patients, and 85 (14%) achieved a CR. Patients receiving VBMCP and recombinant INFα-2 had a significantly higher CR (18%) than those receiving VBMCP alone (10%) (P = .02). The CR rate for VBMCP and high-dose cyclophosphamide was 12%. Median duration of survival was 3.5 years for all eligible patients, and the estimated 5-year survival rate was 31%. The median duration of survival from the date of objective response was 5.1 years for those who achieved a CR and 3.3 years for those with a partial response (P < .0001). The median postresponse survival was 6.6 years in the 21 patients in CR with nonclonal disease and 4.4 years in the 11 patients in CR who had persistent clonal disease. All patients with negative immunofixation results and nonclonal plasma cells in whom polymerase chain reaction was performed had a positive result (presence of tumor DNA). CONCLUSION Patients in whom a CR was achieved had a longer survival than those who had a partial response. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Nursing--nurses--and the older adult.

Resume Cette discussion porte principalement l'accent sur les besoins de la personne âgee non hebergee dans une institution. La raison en est que l'on a estime, aux Etats-Unis, que 90 a 95% de la population âgee de plus de 65 ans vivent, hors de toute institution, dans une communaute susceptible ou non de pourvoir a leurs besoins. Bon nombre de ces personnes âgee souffrent de plus d'une maladie chronique requerant une surveillance medicale. Bon nombre ont aussi des besoins sociaux et sanitaires auxquels il n'est pas pourvu et dont seulement quelques-uns ont ete decrits. Un des plus graves problemes, la solitude, se pose avec acuite dans le cas de nombreuses personnes âgees et peut faire surgir une quantite d'autres problemes, d'ordre physique et psychologique, generalement irreversibles en depit de tout traitement. La comprehension et le souci de la solitude avouee ou cachee d'un patient devraient constituer un element capital des soins infirmiers bien compris. Beaucoup peut etre fait par l'infirmiere assez vigilante pour soupconner que la solitude est un probleme dont le vieillard peut etre conscient ou inconscient et assez adroite pour utiliser des voies discretes en vue de decouvrir et de soulager cet etat quand elle est en contact avec un patient âge. L'infirmiere doit, en outre, connaitre les ressources utilisables de la communaute et savoir les faire intervenir au moment approprie. Elle peut, dans son role civique et en renfort des services qu'elle dispense, travailler a l'amelioration et a l'extension des differents types de ressources dont les personnes âgees ont besoin. Le role de l'infirmiere est tout aussi important quand il s'agit d'explorer, d'interpreter et de multiplier la variete des moyens d'utiliser reellement la sagesse, les connaissances speciales et les divers talents des personnes âgees, non seulement comme une experience ou celles-ci puiseront une satisfaction, mais aussi comme un enrichissement pour ceux auxquels la personne âgee fera part de ses idees et de son savoir. Cette utilisation des personnes âgees peut contribuer singulierement a la culture permanente de la communaute et profiter a tous les citoyens appartenant a celle-ci. Un nursing experimente et soucieux d'innovation trouvera chez les personnes âgees un domaine d'efficacite infiniment varie. Les besoins des personnes âgees, dont le nombre augmente sans cesse dans tous les pays occidentaux, sont grands, nombreux et si multiples d'aspect qu'ils donnent a chaque infirmiere l'occasion de se vouer a une tâche de nursing vraiment creatrice.
Thymophor in Dreams, Poetry, Art and Memory: Emotion Translated into Imagery as a Basic Element of Human Creativity:

The word thymophor (from thymo: emotion and phor: carrying over) is introduced here. It refers to the carrying-over, or translation, of emotion into imagery, which we find is an important element i...
CCR4 promotes medullary entry and thymocyte–dendritic cell interactions required for central tolerance

Autoimmunity results from a breakdown in central or peripheral tolerance. To establish central tolerance, developing T cells must enter the thymic medulla, where they scan antigen-presenting cells (APCs) displaying a diverse array of autoantigens. If a thymocyte is activated by a self-antigen, the cell undergoes either deletion or diversion into the regulatory T cell (T reg) lineage, thus maintaining self-tolerance. Mechanisms promoting thymocyte medullary entry and interactions with APCs are incompletely understood. CCR4 is poised to contribute to central tolerance due to its expression by post-positive selection thymocytes, and expression of its ligands by medullary thymic dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we use two-photon time-lapse microscopy to demonstrate that CCR4 promotes medullary entry of the earliest post-positive selection thymocytes, as well as efficient interactions between medullary thymocytes and DCs. In keeping with the contribution of thymic DCs to central tolerance, CCR4 is involved in regulating negative selection of polyclonal and T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic thymocytes. In the absence of CCR4, autoreactive T cells accumulate in secondary lymphoid organs and autoimmunity ensues. These studies reveal a previously unappreciated role for CCR4 in the establishment of central tolerance.
Will I Stay or Will I Go? Cooperative and Competitive Effects of Workgroup Sex and Race Composition on Turnover

We develop an integrated theory of the social identity mechanisms linking workgroup sex and race composition across levels with individual turnover. Building on social identity research, we theorize that social cohesion (Tyler, 1999; Hogg and Terry, 2000) and social comparison (Festinger, 1954) lead to well-known cooperative effects within subordinate-supervisor pairs of the same sex and race, but potentially competitive effects among demographically similar peers. Analyzing longitudinal human resource data on professionals employed in a large up-or-out knowledge organization, we assess the distinct effects of demographic match with superiors and demographic match with peers on the exit of junior professionals. We find largely cooperative effects of cross-level composition - junior professionals who work in groups with higher proportions of same sex senior professionals are less likely to exit. At the peer level, however, these effects are reversed, and professionals are more likely to leave as the proportions of same sex and race peers within the workgroup increase. The effects hold across demographic groups, but vary by majority/minority status, disproportionately affecting women and underrepresented minorities.
The New Poet Presents Himself: Spenser and the Idea of a Literary Career

The Renaissance idea of a great national poet, the idea on which so many defenses of poetry were implicitly or explicitly based, found its first English incarnation in the career of Edmund Spenser. But the incarnation fundamentally transformed the idea, for Spenser was caught in a literary system that defined the poet in a quite different way—not as an inspired maker of vatic images, but rather as a youth culpably distracted by passion from the real business of life. Spenser’s presentation of himself as Poet can be seen as an attempt to reconcile these two notions, neither of which he could wholly abandon. Without the heroic ideal he could not escape the repentance that prematurely cut off the literary careers of the other poets of his generation, but without some participation in the Elizabethan paradigm of the lover-poet he might not be thought a poet at all.
Drug Shortages — A Critical Challenge for the Generic-Drug Market

To address the growing U.S. shortages of critical generic drugs, long-term remedies, both legislative and regulatory, must be considered. Some basic changes in generic-drug law and FDA practices and greater financial incentives for manufacturing generics may be key.
Net uptake of CO2 Driven by Sulphide and Thiosulphate Oxidation in the Bacterial Symbiont-Containing Clam Solemya Reidi

Solemva reidi Bernard is a gutless clam that lives in burrows in reducing sediments, and harbours intracellular sulphur-oxidizing bacteria in its gills. Clams were incubated in various concentrations of sulphide and thiosulphate for up to 65 h in a flow-through respirometer. Fluxes were determined by continuous sampling of the respiratory medium with analysis of CO 2 , O 2 and sulphide by gas chromatography and analysis of thiosulphate, sulphite (and sulphide) by HPLC using monobromobimane-denvatized discrete samples. Net CO 2 uptake was shown to occur with exposure to 50–100μmol1 −1 sulphide and greater than 225μmoll −1 thiosulphate; sulphide oxidation and thiosulphate uptake were also demonstrated. 45 CaCO 3 deposition in the shells of. S. reidi was found to be insignificant compared to the net CO 2 flux measured in the presence of low levels of sulphide. In experiments conducted under various O 2 conditions, O 2 limitation, produced by a combination of low [O 2 ] and low water flow, was shown to inhibit sulphide oxidation and to prevent Co 2 uptake. However, if O 2 supply was not limited by low flow rates, in the presence of low [O 2 ] (25–40 μmoll −1 ) S. reidi showed rates of O 2 and sulphide consumption and CO 2 uptake near the maximum levels determined under high [O 2 ] conditions, indicating the potential for net Co 2 uptake in the low [O 2 ] conditions presumed to exist in the animal9s burrows. Thiosulphate levels in the blood of S. reidi were analysed and shown to increase rapidly during incubation in sulphide. These levels reached an apparent steady state (approx. 300μmoll −1 ) in recently captured clams after 1 h of incubation. However, both O 2 limitation and time in captivity (>43 days after capture) caused a marked increase in the blood thiosulphate levels, which exceeded 2.5mmoll −1 after 16 h of exposure to sulphide. These results indicate that blood thiosulphate is transported to the bacteria and further oxidized, and that sulphide and thiosulphate oxidation are oxygen-dependent. In analyses of gill tissues for elemental sulphur, we found a wide range in the levels of sulphur stores. Calculations indicated these to be a small fraction of the total flux of sulphur maintained during continuous sulphide oxidation. Estimates of Co 2 :o 2 : sulphide ratios suggest CO 2 fixation efficiencies similar to those of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria. Assuming translocation and oxidation of symbiont-fixed organic compounds, the net uptake of CO 2 by S. reidi in the presence of reduced sulphur compounds suggests that this intact symbiosis may be able to meet its organic carbon needs through autotrophy.
Results of Postdischarge Nursing Telephone Assessments: Persistent Symptoms Common Among Pulmonary Resection Patients.

Background After hospital discharge, patients may have questions or complaints that surface or remain inadequately addressed. However, the dominant concerns and indications for further intervention among recently discharged patients after pulmonary resection have not been well described. The aims of this study were to characterize dominant concerns of pulmonary resection patients after discharge and to elucidate any relevant risk factors for their development. Methods A single-institution, retrospective review was conducted of all patients who underwent pulmonary resection over a 12-month period and included records of standardized, nurse-initiated follow-up phone calls to discharged patients. Records of postdischarge telephone calls were reviewed, and data collected pertaining to complaints requiring counseling over the phone or escalation to higher care level. Demographic, operative, and hospital data were examined by multivariate analyses to assess predictors of need for counseling or escalation of care. Results In all, 523 patients underwent pulmonary resection during the study, and 245 (46.8%) had nursing-documented telephone conversations at 4.6 days (±0.18) days after discharge. Among those reached, 81 (33.1%) had problems requiring counseling during the call; 31 (12.7%) reported concerns requiring escalation of care, handled by subsequent telephone call for 7 (22.6%), clinic appointment for 22 (71.0%), or emergency room referral for 2 (6.5%). Age, sex, race, and residential proximity to the hospital did not predict need for counseling nor escalation of care. Conclusions Patient complaints after pulmonary resection were frequent, with most problems resolved by telephone counseling. Despite highly prevalent concerns, predictors of need for counseling or care escalation were not identified, suggesting ongoing utility in the practice of telephoning all patients. Further, this study serves as a needs assessment, highlighting the importance of patient education and discharge planning.
Nerve Sparing Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy After Primary Chemotherapy for Metastatic Testicular Carcinoma

Initial success with nerve sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissections in patients with low stage nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis has led to the application of these techniques to a select group of 40 patients treated after chemotherapy at our institution between March 1988 and November 1991. A minimum 1-year followup was available for 38 patients. There have been no abdominal relapses, and 34 of the 38 patients report normal ejaculation postoperatively. Nerve sparing techniques are applicable to select patients undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after primary chemotherapy for metastatic disease without increasing the chance of local recurrence. Emission and ejaculation are preserved in the majority of patients.
Anastomotic Line Renal Artery Stenosis After Transplantation

We report on 5 patients with renal artery stenosis after renal transplantation. Renal arteriography showed the stenosis to be localized at the line of arterial anastomosis. The patients presented with refractory hypertension, with or without renal failure, 10 days to 13 months after transplantation. Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in 4 patients failed in 3 and produced temporary improvement in 1. Resection of the stenosis resulted in dramatic improvement of the clinical state in all 5 patients. Histological examination of the resected stenotic segment revealed a nodular fibrotic lesion at the anastomotic line in all cases, and was associated with extensive calcification in 3. Anastomotic line stenosis should be recognized as a specific entity causing transplant renal artery stenosis. The pathological changes observed explain the failure of transluminal angioplasty and suggest that surgical repair is the treatment of choice. Possible factors in the etiology of anastomotic line stenosis are discussed.
Cardiac Chamber Enlargement and Hypertrophy

Assessing hypertrophy of cardiac chambers using electrocardiography (ECG) is a reliably screening tool and a frequent indication for performing this low-cost study with reasonable accuracy. The detection of hypertrophy of a cardiac chamber or combination of chambers is a valuable tool in arriving to diagnosis of heart disease even before more expensive investigative studies are used. Furthermore, monitoring chamber hypertrophy through ECG can be easily performed.
Inadequate Processing of Decellularized Dermal Matrix Reduces Cell Viability In Vitro and Increases Apoptosis and Acute Inflammation In Vivo.

Abstract Decellularized tissue scaffolds are commonly used in the clinic because they can be used as substitutes for more traditional biomaterials, while imparting additional physiological effects. Nevertheless, reports of complications associated with their use are widespread and poorly understood. This study probes possible causes of these complications by examining cell viability and apoptosis in response to eluents from decellularized dermis. Using multiple sources of decellularized dermis, this study shows that typical decellularized scaffolds (prepared with commonly used laboratory techniques, as well as purchased from commercial sources) contain soluble components that are cytotoxic and that these components can be removed by extensive washes in cell culture media. In addition, this study demonstrates that these observed in vitro phenotypes correlate with increased apoptosis and acute inflammation when implanted subcutaneously in mice.
Drainage Network and Topography

Little attention has been paid to the dependence of distributed parameter simulations on the resolution of the raster array or the triangular irregular network (TIN). Further, as these models are calibrated at one resolution, the question remains whether the calibrated parameters may be used without adjustment at larger cell sizes. This chapter identifies a scaling relationship of the drainage network derived at one resolution to those obtained at larger resolutions. Implicit in the discharge-scaling relationship is the fractal dimension of the drainage network.
Chinese Multinationals in the Ethiopian Telecommunications Sector

Since its inception in 1894, Ethiopia's telecommunications sector has been characterized by a vertically integrated market run by a state-owned enterprise outside the realm of competition. Although the monopolistic model still persists, the Ethiopian government has awarded multibillion-dollar contracts to Chinese telecommunications multinationals ZTE and Huawei in the last decade. Based on analyses of interviews with policymakers and officials, this essay explores the implications of Sino-Ethiopian partnerships in Ethiopian telecommunications from a critical political economy perspective. The analysis shows that China's motives for investing in Ethiopia are predominantly economic and provide opportunities for millions of citizens. However, China's policy of noninterference and other factors make the partnership particularly attractive for Ethiopia's anocratic government, which has used China's resources to bolster its power.
Under Pressure: Interactions between Commensal Microbiota and the Teleost Immune System

Commensal microorganisms inhabit every mucosal surface of teleost fish. At these surfaces, microorganisms directly and indirectly shape the teleost immune system. This review provides a comprehensive overview of how the microbiota and microbiota-derived products influence both the mucosal and systemic immune system of fish. The cross talk between the microbiota and the teleost immune system shifts significantly under stress or disease scenarios rendering commensals into opportunists or pathogens. Lessons learnt from germ-free fish models as well as from oral administration of live probiotics to fish highlight the vast impact that microbiota have on immune development, antibody production, mucosal homeostasis and resistance to stress. Future studies should dissect the specific mechanisms by which different members of the fish microbiota and the metabolites they produce interact with pathogens, with other commensals and with the teleost immune system.
Selling to Management – Outpatient Care and Community Programs

The patient centered medical home model is being implemented by a growing number of health organizations in order to provide more comprehensive, coordinated, and patient centered care. This model may be a value-added means to manage frail elderly, contributing to cost avoidance and improved outcomes. The patient-centered healthcare model may be of value to health systems seeking to better manage the care complex older adults. This value-based model can be further augmented by the use of new technology to facilitate interactions with patients, family caregivers, and participating team members who may not all be present at the same location, in order to effectively function as a team.
Collaboration Between Practitioners and Academics: Defining the Pracademic Experience

Researchers seek to make their research relevant to practice, and nonprofit managers need research to substantiate their programs and demonstrate impact. Surely academics and practitioners would form these mutually beneficial collaborations. However, despite these overarching and mutually beneficial goals, these types of collaborations include challenges. The purpose of this research was first to seek to acknowledge the multiple uses of the word pracademic and to center the research on a single use of the term pracademic. Second, we explored examples of collaborative research between nonprofit academics and nonprofit managers, as well as the characteristics of such partnerships. Finally, we sought to understand how these partnerships can be strengthened. Overall, we found that many collaborations are occuring, that practitioners are working with academics, resulting in a higher awareness of and appreciation for “pracademics,” bridging the ivory tower and the world of practice for the benefit of our communities.
Women's Sexual Interests Across the Ovulatory Cycle

Women can conceive an offspring about 6 days of every ovulatory cycle and yet are sexually active throughout the cycle. But why? And are women's sexual interests nonetheless sensitive to hormonal changes across the cycle? This chapter explores these issues, and emphasizes several themes: (a) Women appear to have retained a form of fertile-phase estrus, which shares functional and physiological underpinnings with estrus of other primates; (b) a key unresolved question is whether nonconceptive sexual interests are a diminished form of estrous interests (the graded sexuality model) or have been shaped to have distinct functions (the extended sexuality model); (c) whether and how women's estrous sexual interests have been modified since the evolution of pairbonding also remains unresolved; (d) women are subtly more attractive during the fertile phase, but likely as a by-product of hormonal variations and not because women signal their fertility status. Keywords: menstrual cycle; sexual desire; sexual selection; estrogen; progesterone
Implementation to Optimization: A Tailored, Data-Driven Approach to Improve Provider Efficiency and Confidence in Use of the Electronic Medical Record.

Purpose:Nine months after the implementation of a new electronic medical record (EMR) system at a single institution, physicians (MDs), nurse practitioners (NPs), and physician assistants (PAs) exp...
Nocturia: Proposals for Future Investigation

Nocturia is an entity whose clinical, pathological, and therapeutic features are ­currently being shaped. Further research is necessary to help separate nocturia from its historical “bundling” with other LUTS. For example, suggestions in popular media that overactive bladder and prostate therapies are capable of achieving clinically meaningful improvements in nocturia remain to be verified.
Shear Stress and Endothelial Cell Retention in Critical Lower Limb Ischemia

Progressive atherosclerotic stenosis of vessels commonly leads to the development of critical limb and myocardial ischemia. When possible and appropriate, surgical revascularization is attempted, and it is here that we clinically observe the pathological processes of ischemia and reperfusion and their complex effects [1]. Understanding of the role and function of the vascular endothelium has undergone significant changes over the past several decades. In the 1960s Willms-Kretschmer and colleagues referred to altered endothelial cells as being activated and, in doing so, implied a functional consequence to the altered cell morphology [2, 3]. This dynamic view of the endothelium, however, did not ensue into the following decade when, again, it was believed that endothelial cells were nothing more than a passive barrier. It would not be until the 1980s that Pober and colleagues would reexamine the scientific principle and ultimately prove that the vascular endothelium is both dynamic and integral to vascular and systemic equilibrium [4]. The scientific process to better understand the endothelium dates back to the 1800s when von Recklinghausen recognized that vessels were not merely inert tunnels passing through tissue, but living entities lined by cells [5]. The endothelial monolayer comprises the entirety of the vascular system, and it is now recognized that the diversity of these cells is not merely limited by cell type alone, but rather is a function of anatomic hemodynamic variation. The unique interface formed by the endothelium between blood and the surrounding vessel wall allows it to function as a primary mediator in response to shear stress alterations.
Algorithms for a Facility Location Problem with Stochastic Customer Demand and Immobile Servers

This paper studies a facility location problem with stochastic customer demand and immobile servers. Motivated by applications to locating bank automated teller machines (ATMs) or Internet mirror sites, these models are developed for situations in which immobile service facilities are congested by stochastic demand originating from nearby customer locations. Customers are assumed to visit the closest open facility. The objective of this problem is to minimize customers' total traveling cost and waiting cost. In addition, there is a restriction on the number of facilities that may be opened and an upper bound on the allowable expected waiting time at a facility. Three heuristic algorithms are developed, including a greedy-dropping procedure, a tabu search approach and an e-optimal branch-and-bound method. These methods are compared computationally on a bank location data set from Amherst, New York.
Stents for Benign Airway Obstruction

Traechobronchial stents are used to treat a variety of disorders that lead to airway obstruction. These include neoplasms, strictures that occur following intubation or surgery, trauma, extrinsic compression, tracheal malacia, infection, or even some inflammatory disorders such as polychondritis. Most stents are placed for palliation from malignancy such as lung cancer1 with good restoration of airway patency. Use of tracheal stents in the nonmalignant setting, however, has not been as successful in providing long term benefit. Most reports note excellent short term results in improving respiratory physiology.2 However, several studies also note high complication and reoperative rates that reach 45% or higher.3–6 Reported complications include obstructing granulation tissue, stent migration, metal fatigue and fracture, mucous plugging, halitosis, and recurrent infections. An ideal stent would be able to establish a patent airway, have limited migration, produce minimal granulation tissue formation, be easily deployable, and be economically affordable. Several stents have been produced to try to address all of these needs but none encompasses all of these characteristics.
Feminist Reconstructions of Psychology

The women’s liberation movement of the 1960s and 1970s provided the groundwork and consciousness for the development of a psychology of women. In the early 1960s, feminist author Betty Friedan (1963) proposed a sociopolitical analysis of the source of women’s depression or “the problem that has no name” (p. l l; that is, women’s confinement in roles for which they find themselves unsuitable) and critiqued psychoanalytic and anthropological perspectives on women. Later, Phyllis Chesler (1972) addressed issues related to women’s mental health that were subsequently incorporated in the early literature on psychology of women. These early works were foreshadowed by some women novelists, for instance, Charlotte Perkins Gilman (1973, orig. 1899) in The Yellow Wallpaper These works contributed to a growing consciousness among feminist psychologists regarding the treatment of women by the field of psychology as a whole, resulting in a groundswell of critiques of the field. This chapter begins with a focus on androcentric views of women’s psychology, followed by an overview of early attempts by women scholars to respond to those views in a way that centralized women’s experiences and began to touch on sociopolitical components of women’s psychology. Next, I address early feminist critiques of psychology’s treatment of women and historical perspectives on the psychology of women. Finally, I examine feminist critiques of science and emerging feminist paradigms for inquiry, with a particular focus on a feminist social constructionist view of psychology of women.
Relationships between apparel mobile website quality, consumer satisfaction, and intent to purchase: an empirical study of U.S. Consumers

Our knowledge about the dimensions of mobile website quality and their effects on consumer satisfaction is still very limited. To narrow the gap in the literature and generate useful insights for marketers, this research explored the effect of apparel mobile commerce website quality on consumer satisfaction and consequently intent to purchase to reveal the possible areas of improvement for future success of apparel m-commerce. Web information quality, website visual appeal, apparel visual appeal, website security show significantly positive effects on consumer satisfaction of apparel mobile websites, while the impacts of response time of website applications and brand trust on consumer satisfaction are insignificant. These website quality constructs collectively exhibit good explanatory power, accounting for 40.6% of variance in consumer satisfaction of apparel mobile websites.
Self-assembled propylammonium cations at grain boundaries and the film surface to improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells

The major challenge of bringing organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells towards commercialization is their inherent instability especially with regard to moisture. The introduction of a small amount of hydrophobic cations of large size into a 3D perovskite structure which typically aids in the formation of a quasi-2D perovskite structure has been shown to be a promising method for maintaining high efficiency while introducing a high stability toward moisture. By comparing a family of different cations, the propylammonium (PA) cation is found to be the most effective in mitigating these instability issues. Via femtosecond transient absorption and reflection spectroscopy, the large cations are found to preferentially accumulate at the grain boundaries and film surface, forming heterostructures and preventing moisture penetration. The preferential crystal orientation, crystallization, and grain size in both lateral and vertical directions are enhanced accordingly, in particular when PA is incorporated into the perovskite active layer. Such self-assembled large cations suppress charge recombination and enhance device efficiency. Along with enhancements to efficiency, the addition of the PA cation significantly improves both device and precursor stabilities.
Evaluation of the effect of prior antiarrhythmic drug use on the success of atrial fibrillation catheter ablation.

What is known and objective Current guidelines recommend catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) refractory to at least one antiarrhythmic drug (AAD), but do not specify an adequate number of AADs to be trialed prior to considering ablation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of CA success based on the number of AADs failed in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF who underwent an initial CA at a community hospital. Patients with unknown AAD histories, those who did not achieve acute procedural success, or who were lost to follow-up or death unrelated to thromboembolic stroke within 6 months post-ablation were excluded. Catheter ablation success was defined as freedom from AF. The primary outcome was the incidence of AF or atrial flutter captured on an electrocardiogram or other recording device at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the procedure. Results and discussion Overall, 99 out of 103 patients completed 1 year of follow-up. Of those patients, 34 of 99 (34.3%) experienced AF recurrence within 1-year post-ablation. There was no significant difference among the categories of number of failed AADs and the recurrence of AF within 12 months post-ablation for zero AADs, 1 AADs and ≥2 AADs (41.7%, 31.3% and 40%, respectively; P = 0.658). What is new and conclusion The results of this study do not support preferentially performing CA on patients who have failed a certain number of AADs. Results are limited by the nature of the study design and a small sample size. Conclusive results would best be addressed by a prospective randomized trial.
Probiotic Ineffective for Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in Young Children.

After 12 months, neither aspirin nor EPA, alone or in combination, are any better than placebo at preventing colorectal adenomas in patients with high-risk neoplasia.