cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plumbagin Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in Intact and Castrated PTEN Knockout Mice via Targeting PKCε, Stat3, and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Markers.

Prostate cancer (PCa) continues to remain the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American males. The Pten deletions and/or mutations are frequently observed in both primary prostate cancers and metastatic prostate tissue samples. Pten deletion in prostate epithelium in mice results in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), followed by progression to invasive adenocarcinoma. The Pten conditional knockout mice (Ptenloxp/loxp:PB-Cre4) ((Pten-KO) ) provide a unique preclinical model to evaluate agents for efficacy for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). We present here for the first time that dietary plumbagin (PL), a medicinal plant-derived naphthoquinone (200 or 500 ppm) inhibits tumor development in intact as well as castrated Pten-KO mice. PL has shown no signs of toxicity at either of these doses. PL treatment resulted in a decrease expression of PKCe, AKT, Stat3 and COX2 compared to the control mice. PL treatment also inhibited the expression of vimentin and slug, the markers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate tumors. In summary, the results indicate that dietary PL inhibits growth of both primary and castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in Pten-KO mice, possibly via inhibition of PKCe, Stat3, AKT, and EMT markers (vimentin and slug), which are linked to the induction and progression of PCa.
The composition of intellectual capital in non‐profit orchestras

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain how intellectual capital (IC) is enacted and used in non‐profit symphony orchestras from an organisational behaviour perspective.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a nine‐month case study on two community‐based non‐profit orchestras. The method uses field observations, interviews, factor analysis, and visual models in explaining how IC is connected to organisational practices.Findings – IC is perhaps best understood in its context to specific organisations rather than as discrete items that are allocated.Research limitations/implications – The case study is limited to non‐profit orchestras based on an organisational behaviour perspective. The results, however, invite further research into how IC is used as a resource towards strategic planning.Practical implications – The study results point towards managing IC resources, given that they are grounded in actions and practices of the organisation. Questions of “how” (how is IC used?) drive the study ...
Microscale Magnetic Field Modulation for Enhanced Capture and Distribution of Rare Circulating Tumor Cells

Immunomagnetic assay combines the powers of the magnetic separation and biomarker recognition and has been an effective tool to perform rare Circulating Tumor Cells detection. Key factors associated with immunomagnetic assay include the capture rate, which indicates the sensitivity of the system and distributions of target cells after capture, which impact the cell integrity and other biological properties that are critical to downstream analyses. Here we present a theoretical framework and technical approach to implement a microscale magnetic immunoassay through modulating local magnetic field towards enhanced capture and distribution of rare cancer cells. Through the design of a two-dimensional micromagnet array, we characterize the magnetic field generation and quantify the impact of the micromagnets on rare cell separation. Good agreement is achieved between the theory and experiments using a human colon cancer cell line (COLO205) as the capture targets.
Fractionation of gold in a differentiated tholeiitic dolerite

Abstract Gold content was determined, by neutron-activation analysis, in samples from a drill core through the Great Lake sheet, Tasmania, a differentiated tholeiitic dolerite. The gold content of parts of the core seems to be related to the mafic index. The variation of gold content with depth and mafic index is similar to that of copper, indicating that gold and copper may have been concomitantly crystallized from the magma.
Characterization of measures by potentials

Let μ be a measure in a Banach spaceE, f be an even function onR. We consider the potentialg(a)=f E f(‖x−a‖)dμ(x). The question is as follows: For whichf does the potentialg determine μ uniquely? In this article we give answers in the cases whereE=l ∞ and wheref(t)=|t| p andE is a finite dimensional Banach space with symmetric analytic norm. Calculating the Fourier transform of the functionf(‖x‖ ∞) we give a new proof of the J. Misiewicz's result that the functionf(‖x‖ ∞) is positive definite only iff is a constant function.
Tensor Product Production System: a Modular Architecture and Representation

Abstract Can connectionist networks effectively represent and process structure? A technique called ‘tensor product representations’, which formalizes and generalizes the approaches of several previous connectionist models, was developed by Smolensky and shown to possess a number of desirable general properties. This paper shows how the technique can be effectively used to design a specific symbol-processing task: the serial execution of simple production rules requiring pattern matching, variable binding and structure manipulation. This ‘Tensor Product Production System’ is applied to one of the classes of production rules in Touretzky and Hinton's Distributed Connectionist Production System, and a number of comparisons are made between the two approaches. The mathematical simplicity and analyzability of the tensor product scheme allows the straightforward design of a simpler, more principled, and in some ways more efficient system.
Second harmonic microscopy of collagen

Second harmonic generation in conjunction with laser scanning microscopy can be used to produce detailed images of collagen structure in tissue explants or even living animals. Fundamental principles that govern the directionality of coherent emission from a tightly focused beam can yield sub-resolution information when interpreting collagen images.
Deterministic Multiplexing of NoC on Grid CMPs

As the number of cores in a chip has increased over the past several years, the problem of inter-core communication has become a bottleneck. Traditional bus architectures cannot handle the traffic load for the increasingly large number of communicating units on chip. Using a nanophotonic Network-on-Chip(NoC) is a proposed solution that is motivated by recent research indicating a higher throughput over electronic NoCs. In order to avoid optical/electronic/optical conversion at intermediate routers, all-to-all connectivity can be achieved through Time-Division-Multiplexing (TDM). Previous work has focused on using a non-deterministic approach to determine the multiplexing schedule in optically connected mesh NoCs. Such an approach, however, produces an irregular schedule that is not scalable, especially if TDM is to be combined with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and space-division multiplexing to reduce the communication delay. In this work, we present a regular multiplexing schedule for all-to-all connectivity which is at least as efficient as the previously introduced irregular schedule. Moreover, because of its regularity and its systematic construction, our schedule is scalable to arbitrary-size meshes and allows for efficient combination of TDM, WDM and space division multiplexing (the use of multiple NoCs).
The Value of Nonmodel Genomes and an Example Using SynMap Within CoGe to Dissect the Hexaploidy that Predates the Rosids

We find great value in the genomes from the nonmodel organisms papaya and grape. These genomes help us understand the chromosomal history of the super-order rosids. Essential to this process are new, online genomics tools that allow researchers to easily perform their own experiments, such as identifying and evaluating syntenic regions and estimating the degree of post-tetraploidy gene fractionation (diploidization); this process is exemplified here using the online comparative genomics toolset CoGe. Using case studies, we show that two of the three genomes within the rosid paleohexaploid are more fractionated with respect to one another than to a third genome. This indicates a shared history derived from a [tetraploid]-then-[wide cross to generate a triploid]-then-[whole genome duplication to generate the hexaploid,] or similar scenario involving unreduced gametes. Two alternative hypotheses are presented that differ in terms of the mechanism and timing of fractionation.
Reducing Disruptive Behavior in the Classroom Using Contingent-Interrupted Auditory Stimulation

The present study evaluated a positive behavior therapy approach to managing disruptive screaming and crying in a classroom setting. A 10-year-old female with severe mental retardation, visual impairment, physical disabilities, and behavior problems served as the subject. Two events (tactile and auditory stimulation) were presented to the child in a contingent-interrupted stimulation paradigm. Specifically, stimuli were withdrawn contingent on targeted inappropriate behaviors. A withdrawal design was employed to assess the efficacy of tactile stimulation (using a back massager). Results indicated that tactile stimulation was ineffective in managing disruptive behavior during a discrimination task. However, application of auditory stimulation (using a tape recording of various environmental sounds) decreased disruptive behavior to zero levels. Experimental control in the latter case was documented in a multiple baseline design across settings (sitting while performing a discrimination task, kneeling, and s...
The morphologic structure of isolated bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Abstract The morphology of lipopolysaccharides isolated from smooth and rough strains of Salmonella typhimurium was studied by electron microscopy using a positives-taining procedure. When viewed face on, lipopolysaccharide from the smooth strain was a homogeneously stained ribbon which could be broken down to homogeneously stained discs by sonication or agitation with ether. When viewed edge on, the ribbon and disc had a trilaminar appearance reminiscent of cross-sections of arrays of bimolecular leaflets. Lipopolysaccharide from a mutant lacking O-polysaccharide side-chains had a similar appearance and identical dimensions, whereas that from a heptoseless mutant, lacking O and “core” polysaccharide had smaller and more delicate trilaminar structures. The behavior of lipopolysaccharides in lipid solvent and the common morphological feature found in lipopolysaccharide regardless of the polysaccharide content suggest that the major morphological determinant is the lipid moiety. There is suggestive evidence that the “core” polysaccharide contributes to the trilaminar structures, whereas the O-polysaccharide side-chains do not.
The stability of accretion flow near a black hole

Abstract The radial linear stability of a transonic α-viscosity accretion disk around a black hole is investigated using a polytropic equation of state. Radial velocity of the accretion flow is considered when deriving the perturbed dispersion relation. The accretion flow becomes unstable when the viscosity parameter α is greater than a critical value α c which is determined by the polytropic index n and the radial velocity of the flow.
Urbanization and mining: a case study of Michigan

Abstract The US mining industry is increasingly an industry of industrial and construction minerals production. In 2002, these types of minerals accounted for 80% of the value of non-fuel minerals produced in the USA. Industrial and construction mineral production tend to be smaller operations and nearer urban areas than metallic mining and have somewhat different problems. This paper is a study of the growing impact of urbanization and land-use fragmentation on mining, particularly industrial and construction minerals production. An analysis of the state of Michigan is used as a case study to present the issues and concerns.
Ultra sensitive sensor with enhanced dynamic range for high speed detection of multi-color fluorescence radiation

This paper describes design of the new ultra sensitive sensor system for fluorescence detection applications. System comprises two units: optical spectra separation unit and detection unit. Optical unit of the sensor performs spatial spectra separation of signal from the laser excited fluorescence, and resulting spectra is collected in the detection part of the system. Optical part is built using diffraction grating as spectra separation element. Detection part comprises 32-channel photomultiplier tube working in single photon counting mode with our 32-channel amplifier. Using single photon detection technique and specific signal processing algorithms for collected data, the proposed system allows to achieve unique combination of characteristics--high sensitivity, high detection speed and wide linearity dynamic range comparing to existing commercial instruments. DNA sequencing experiments with new sensor as detection device, and using two types of lasers (Ar-ion and Nd-YAG) were carried out, yielding sequencing traces which have quality factor of 20 for read lengths as long as 650 base pairs.
Appropriate use of child car seats

Comment on: "Buckle up! Is not enough: enhancing protection of the restrained child.Winston FK, Durbin DR. JAMA. 1999; 281(22):2070-2072". Language: en
The role for preimplantation genetic diagnosis in balanced translocation carriers.

Abstract Objective Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is an established technique that provides an alternative to prenatal diagnosis for patients who are at risk of transmitting a serious genetic disorder to their offspring. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis has been used for couples who have been at risk for having offspring with single gene or X-linked disorders and for screening for common age-related aneuploidy and in couples who themselves carry balanced chromosomal rearrangements. The aim of this study was to summarize our experience using preimplantation genetic diagnosis after the identification of a parental balanced translocation, specifically as it relates to the number of embryos that are suitable for transfer after preimplantation genetic diagnosis for a known translocation and aneuploidy screening. Study design This is a retrospective review of data from a single center that involved 6 couples that initiated the process of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for translocation and aneuploidy screening by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Results A total of 65 embryos were obtained, of which 56 embryos (86%) were suitable for fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis. After fluorescent in situ hybridization, 1 embryo was diagnosed as normal or balanced (1.7%). Forty-three embryos (76.8%) were unbalanced for the translocation; 8 embryos (14.3%) were aneuploid, and 4 embryos (7.1%) were uninformative. There were no clinical pregnancies. Conclusion In our experience, there are very few embryos that are available for transfer from these patients after translocation and aneuploidy screening because of multiple unbalanced segregation products and a high rate of aneuploidy. Factors that contributed to this may be related to which parent carries the translocation, methods that were used for in vitro fertilization, and advanced maternal age. Although preimplantation genetic diagnosis for translocation carriers theoretically can enhance the pregnancy rate for a couple, there are limitations. This information should be shared with couples who are contemplating preimplantation genetic diagnosis for translocation, and the options of sperm or egg donor should be considered.
Cosmologies of Criticism: Taste, (Dis)trust, and Uses of Literature in Slovak Secondary Schools

■ Social critics in many societies invoke the reading of literature as critical to both a desired form of political organization and the state of national politics. Relatedly, a variety of political projects throughout the past several centuries have employed literature as a technology for the construction of particular subjectivities. This article critiques the quasi-magical powers with which literature has been endowed over space and time, and describes a ‘critical’ orientation toward society encouraged through reading literature in college-preparatory Slovak secondary schools in the first part of the 2000s. Drawing inspiration from anthropological studies of literacy as situated practice, I outline features of how Slovak students have learned social critique while pointing out areas in which anthropologists could improve their perspectives on how classroom practices relate to macrosociological and political phenomena.
Cystic tuberculosis of the bone in a case of miliary tuberculosis.

Summary Cystic tuberculosis of the metaphysis and epiphysis of the tibia is describedin a 2-year-old child with miliary tuberculosis. The x-ray appearance of the osseous lesion is unusual. Ante-mortem diagnosis of the bony defect was made by the demonstration of tubercle bacilli on direct smear of material aspirated from the bone. Inoculation of this aspirated material into two guinea pigs produced tuberculosis.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Plasma and Preen Oil of Black-Footed Albatross (Diomedea nigripes) Chicks and Adults on Midway Atoll, North Pacific Ocean.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Midway Atoll, located in the North Pacific Ocean, was occupied by the military during and after World War II. However, Midway Atoll has become a national wildlife refuge and home to many different seabirds today, including the black-footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) (BFAL). The profiles and toxic equivalents (TEQ) of PCB congeners in the plasma and preen oil of BFAL chicks and adults were determined in this study. The concentrations of the total PCBs in the plasma samples of chicks and adults collected in Midway Atoll ranged from 2.3 to 223.8 (mean 80.1) and 22.8 to 504.5 (mean 158.6) ng g-1 (wet weight, ww), respectively. The TEQs ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 (mean 0.4) and 0.4 to 1.6 (mean 0.9) pg g-1 ww, respectively, in the plasma samples of chicks and adults from Midway Atoll. The major congeners in the plasma samples of chicks and adults included PCBs 31, 87, 97, 99, 118, 138, 153, and 180, accounting for 70% of the total PCBs. The concentrations of the total PCBs in the adult preen oil samples ranged from 1693 to 39404 (mean 10122) ng g-1 (ww), of which 97% were PCBs 105, 118, 128, 138, 153, 161, 172, and 183.
Increased Expression of Sulfated Glycoprotein-2 and DNA Fragmentation in the Pancreas of Copper-Deficient Rats

Recent morphological studies from our laboratory have shown that copper deficiency-induced pancreatic involution in rats is secondary to apoptosis (M. S. Rao, A. V. Yeldandi, V. Subbarao, and J. K. Reddy, 1993, Am. J. Pathol. 142, 1952-1957). To corroborate the morphological findings, we have examined pancreases from copper-deficient rats for expression of sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNA and DNA fragmentation, which are considered as specific markers of apoptosis. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the DNA extracted from pancreases of rats maintained on copper deficient diet (CUDD) for 5 and 7 weeks showed characteristic "ladder" pattern, whereas DNA from control rats and rats maintained on CUDD for 3 weeks showed no fragmentation. These findings correlated well with the histological changes. Northern blot analysis of total RNA revealed a marked increase in the expression of SGP-2 mRNA at 5 weeks followed by a gradual decrease at 6 and 7 weeks. These results further support that the mechanism of copper deficiency-induced pancreatic involution is through apoptosis.
Ill-posedness of the rayleigh-taylor and helmholtz problems for incompressible fluids

(1988). Ill-posedness of the rayleigh-taylor and helmholtz problems for incompressible fluids. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 13, No. 10, pp. 1265-1295.
Impact of Integrative Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing on Clinical Decision Making

complaints are occurring during exercise, it is likely that a diagnostic test perfirmed during exercise rather than at rest would have an advantage. Therefore, an exercise test that can identify and distinguish between the various causes of exercise limitation has potential to he of’ 1) 1rtict1lar value (Table 1). In the last ten years, advances in understanding of physiology and new technolog.ic capabilities have made it feasible to measure gas exchange during exercise in the clinical setting. These measurements of gas cxchange, largely noninvasive, form the basis for the
Gravity formulas utilizing correlation with elevation

Solutions for the first two terms of the standard gravity formula γ6(1 + β sin2 Φ) were made, all based on the assumption that the gravity anomalies in areas without observations will average the same as observed values of the same elevation. The solution by the method considered theoretically best yields Figure 1. and Figure 2. The coefficients of the fourth and sixth degree zonal harmonics were also computed and used to estimate how much a flattening found from satellite motion would differ. For example, it is estimated that an orbit approximating that of 1958β would give f = 1/298.00.
Evaluation of a Compton scattering camera using 3-D position sensitive CdZnTe detectors

Abstract A CZT Compton Camera (CCC) is being built using two three-dimensional (3-D) position-sensitive CZT detectors. Expected system performance was analyzed by analytical and Monte Carlo approaches. Based on the measurement of detector energy and position resolution, the expected angular resolution is ∼3° and ∼2° for a ±30° FOV for 511 keV and 1 MeV γ-rays, respectively. The intrinsic efficiency for a point source 10 cm from the first detector surface ranges from 1.5×10−4 to 8.8×10−6 for 500 keV–3 MeV.
The Eye Diagram: A New Perspective on the Project Life Cycle.

The project life cycle, a well-established concept in project management literature and education, is used to highlight the dynamic requirements placed on a typical project manager. As a project moves through the selection, planning, execution, and termination phases, the project manager and team are faced with different, vying areas of concern—including the immediate task priorities, the probable sources of conflict, and the relevant critical factors for project success. Unfortunately, traditional representations of the project life cycle emphasize accounting-oriented aspects of the life cycle that are less interesting, such as percent complete and level of effort. In this article, the authors introduce a new framework, the eye diagram, that illustrates the more substantive aspects of the life cycle concept in an intuitive and accessible format.
Evaluation of Bias-Variance Trade-Off for Commonly Used Post-Summarizing Normalization Procedures in Large-Scale Gene Expression Studies

Normalization procedures are widely used in high-throughput genomic data analyses to remove various technological noise and variations. They are known to have profound impact to the subsequent gene differential expression analysis. Although there has been some research in evaluating different normalization procedures, few attempts have been made to systematically evaluate the gene detection performances of normalization procedures from the bias-variance trade-off point of view, especially with strong gene differentiation effects and large sample size. In this paper, we conduct a thorough study to evaluate the effects of normalization procedures combined with several commonly used statistical tests and MTPs under different configurations of effect size and sample size. We conduct theoretical evaluation based on a random effect model, as well as simulation and biological data analyses to verify the results. Based on our findings, we provide some practical guidance for selecting a suitable normalization procedure under different scenarios.
Superconducting tunneling on VN x films

Superconducting tunneling junctions were fabricated on reactively sputtered VN x films with Al2O3, SiO2, or native oxide barriers. Results of thed2I/dV2 versusV measurements reveal a phonon structure that agrees well with that obtained in neutron scattering experiments.
N‐step combinations of forecasts

While there is general agreement that a linear combination of forecasts can outperform the individual forecasts, there is controversy about the appropriateness of the combination method to be used in a given situation. Hence, in any given application it may be more beneficial to combine different sets of combined forecasts rather than picking one of them. This paper introduces the concept of N-step combinations of forecasts which involves combining the combined forecasts obtained from different combination procedures used at the preceding step. Using quarterly GNP data, evidence supporting the increase in the accuracy of the one-period-ahead ex-ante forecasts as the combination step increases is provided. The MSE, MAE, MAPE and their corresponding standard deviations are used to evaluate the accuracy of the forecasts obtained.
The calcium requirement for functional vesicle development and nitrogen fixation by Frankia strains EAN1pec and CpI1

A calcium requirement was shown for both vesicle development and nitrogenase activity by Frankia strains EAN1pec and CpI1. Washing cells with EGTA or EDTA inhibited both vesicle development and nitrogenase activity. The inhibition of both was reversed by the addition of calcium. A variety of agents known to affect calcium-dependent biological processes, such as a Ca-ATPase inhibitor, Ca-channel blockers, Ca-ionophores, calmodulin antagonists and the local anaesthetics, tetracaine and dibucaine, inhibited nitrogenase activity. Respiratory studies showed that a CN-insensitive respiration process occurred only under nitrogen derepressing conditions. Respiration by NH4Cl-grown cells was completely inhibited by KCN while N2-grown cells were inhibited by only 70%. Removal of calcium ions by EGTA or by the addition of dibucaine or tetracaine blocked the CN-insensitive respiration. This CN-insensitive respiration may be involved in protecting nitrogenase inside the vesicles from oxygen.
Explanation of subharmonic energy gap structure in superconducting contacts

Using a simple physical model, we show that subharmonic gap structure and “excess current” observed in the I–V curves of superconducting weak links can be explained by multiple Andreev reflections between two superconductors. Our model allows one to treat the cross over between metallic weak links and tunnel junctions.
Inheritance of potassium-sodium nutritional traits in Alfalfa

Alfalfa (Medicago sotiva L.) growing on K-depleted, semiarid, calcareous soil displays three K-deficiency symptoms: (i) white spots on leaflets 0, (u) marginal chlorosis 0, and (iu) normal leaflets on stunted plants (N). In a greenhouse study, we examined partitioning and heritability of K and Na nutritional traits in three alfalfa clones and their crosses, and also how K and Na soil fertility levels affected biomass production, genetic dependence of K and Na uptake and partitioning, and K use efficiency. Mother plants were propagated vegetatively and by seed from phenotype crosses in a low-K, low-Na, calcareous soil rooting medium. One trial used K- and Na-amended soil. Harvests were at early bloom. Leaves contained more K than stems, with no difference among phenotypes; Na was uniform in stems, but leaves of M contained much more Na than leaves of N and W. With nonamended soil, K and Na uptake and partitioning among leaves, stems, and roots were significantly affected by cross. The Na:K ratio in leaves, stems, and roots was strongly iduenced by phenotype and cross. Biomass production of leaves and stems differed among crosses and was increased by K fertilization; Na fertilization affected biomass only of leaves, and only in crosses M XM and N ✕ N (Na may have partially replaced K). The shoot:root ratio was affected only by cross. Potassium use efficiency was affected by cross and by Na fertilization. Broad-sense heritability for K and Na concentration was high, especially for Na in leaves and stems. Uptake and partitioning of Na and K in phenotype crosses supported narrow-sense heritability as well. Genetics, rather than soil K-Na competition, governed Na uptake, translocation, and utilization by phenotypes. Accordingly, characterization of K nutrition in alfalfa must consider Na levels. As phenotypes of alfalfa cultivars range widely in K-Na nutritional traits, it should be possible to select for high yield and K use efficiency Contribution from the Utah Agric. Exp. Stn., Journal Paper no. 4538.
Entanglement and bistability in coupled quantum dots inside a driven cavity

the quantum dots in the steady state, even in the presence of strong decay in both the cavity and the dots. We investigate the effect of different parameters (decay rates, coupling strengths, and detunings) on entanglement. We find that the cavity field shows bistability and study the effect of relevant parameters on the existence of this bistable behavior. We also study the correlation between the cavity field and the entanglement between the dots. The experimental viability of the proposed scheme is discussed.
Identification of a Yeast Karyopherin Heterodimer That Targets Import Substrate to Mammalian Nuclear Pore Complexes

Targeting of import substrate to nuclear pore complexes of permeabilized vertebrate cells was previously shown to require a protein complex composed of two subunits, termed karyopherin. Yeast contain a homologue of karyopherin α named Srp1p, which was initially identified as a genetic suppressor of mutations in a subunit of RNA polymerase I. To determine whether yeast contain a karyopherin complex that includes Srp1p as the karyopherin α homologue, we genetically replaced Srp1p with a Srp1-Protein A chimera. Cytosol from this strain contained a complex, composed of the chimera and a protein of 95 kDa, that was purified using affinity chromatography on IgG Sepharose. Microsequence analysis showed that the 95-kDa protein was identical with a yeast protein encoded by gene L8300.15 on chromosome XII. Sequence comparison revealed that the L8300.15 gene product is the closest structural homologue of vertebrate karyopherin β. The yeast α and β karyopherin subunits were expressed in Escherichia coli and were purified. When combined, they formed a heterodimeric complex and were active in targeting import substrate to nuclear envelopes of mammalian cells. We propose that all karyopherins function as α/β heterodimers.
Former Spouses Who are Friends: Three Case Studies

Within the larger context of modified analytic induction, each of the three case-study couples in this article was selected to address questions that emerged during the research process about the nature and development of friendships between former spouses. The cases confirmed earlier descriptive findings on these friendships, the importance of perceived intentions, and de-escalation as a path to friendship after romantic involvement. The cases also yielded new findings. Modification and de-escalation emerged as additional paths to friendship. Partners of one couple disagreed whether they were friends, yet they were able to co-parent cooperatively. Also, focus of friendship varied; the partners of one couple focused on their children, whereas the partners of the other two couples focused on each other. These findings bridge the divorce and friendship literatures and have relevance for other types of friendships.
Cardiovascular responses to catecholamines at 12°C in the American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)

The effects of epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and isoproterenol on blood pressure and heart rate were studied in cannulated American bullfrogs, Rana catesbeiana. The bullfrogs were chronically cannulated with a T cannula in the right sciatic artery. In warm-acclimated (22 degrees C) bullfrogs, preinjection mean systemic arterial pressure (SAP) prior to experimental treatment was 13.1 +/- 0.7 mm Hg. Preinjection heart rate was 34.8 +/- 1.8 beats per minute. These parameters were lower in cold-acclimated (12 degrees C) bullfrogs. Cold-acclimated animals had mean SAP values of 8.2 +/- 0.3 mm Hg, and heart rate was 11.1 +/- 1.1 beats per minute. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and phenylephrine increased blood pressure to an equivalent degree in warm- and cold-acclimated animals. Dose-related decreases in heart rate in response to these catecholamines were observed in warm- but not in cold-acclimated bullfrogs. Warm-acclimated animals were more responsive to isoproterenol from 0.03 micrograms/kg body weight (bw) to 10 micrograms/kg bw than were cold-acclimated animals. The response to isoproterenol was effectively blocked by propranolol (5 mg/kg bw) in both warm- and cold-acclimated animals. Propranolol alone decreased mean SAP in both warm- and cold-acclimated animals, suggesting blockade of endogenous sympathetic activity. Beta receptor response thus appears diminished, but not absent at 12 degrees C. However, the alpha receptors responsible for elevation of blood pressure equally responsive at 12 degrees and 22 degrees C.
Ultrasonic attenuation in linear antiferromagnet CsNiCl3

Attenuation measurements in the linear antiferromagnet CsNiCl3 show an anomaly at TN=4.36 K. The critical behaviour is consistent with the exponent η=43 for an anistropic three-dimensional system. A broad attenuation peak near 30 K is attributed to the one-dimensional chains.
Patterns of PCB accumulation by fry of lake trout.

A study examining the accumulation pattern of PCBs by lake trout fry exposed through the period of yolk absorption and the onset of feeding is presented. The PCB uptake pattern was examined by exposing the fry to a nominal concentration of 50 ng/l PCB (Aroclor 1254) for 48 days. The fry were sampled and analyzed for PCB concentration seven times during the exposure. The patterns of PCB concentration in the lake trout fry appeared similar, regardless of how the data were expressed (wet weight concentration, dry weight concentration, or body burden). PCBs in exposed fry increased slowly, peaked at day 32 (just before yolk absorption was complete) and decreased by day 48. Although these patterns appeared similar, important differences in the relative changes in PCB levels of exposed fry became evident when the different ways of expressing the uptake data were compared. It was determined that physiological changes in the fry through yolk absorption and initial feeding were responsible for the differences between PCB levels based on wet weight, dry weight, and body burden.
The End of War

Despite what most people think, warmongering is not a part of human nature and warfare may one day be a thing of the past
Verrucous carcinoma of the foot, not your typical plantar wart: A case study

Abstract Statement of purpose Verrucous carcinoma of the foot is often misdiagnosed initially as plantar warts. Delayed diagnostic treatments with the use of optimal biopsy techniques may result in significant hindrances for patient care and may often result in detrimental outcomes to the patient. With the use of various epidermal biopsy methods, early diagnostic treatment can be implemented to a slow-growing lesion unresponsive to topical agents preventing unfavorable pedal amputations. Design A case study of verrucous carcinoma of the foot with surgical resection was conducted along with a literature review. Background Verrucous carcinoma (VC) of the foot is known to be a rare, locally invasive, well-differentiated low-grade squamous cell carcinoma that may evolve from the human papilloma virus. This localized tumor of the foot often has low metastatic potential, however can be quite invasive. It is therefore pertinent to obtain adequate radiological studies when planning for surgical resection of this tumor. When localized to the foot, it often involves deep structures such as tendons, muscle & bone. Complete wide local excision of the tumor is essential to avoid recurrence. We present a case of verrucous carcinoma of the foot in a 46-year-old African American male with a past medical history of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Human papilloma virus (HPV). The patient refused a Transmetatarsal amputation. The loss of the third digit was a result of tissue loss following resection and an attempt to relocate a severely laterally dislocated 3rd digit, not PVD.
In vitro reinforcement of hippocampal bursting by the cannabinoid receptor agonist (−)-CP-55,940

Abstract Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in behavioral reinforcement is suggested by widespread human use of marihuana, although animal tests of cannabinoid reinforcement have produced mixed results. Cannabinoid receptors are found in high density in rat hippocampus and other brain areas. Using the hippocampal-slice preparation, we attempted to demonstrate in vitro reinforcement of CA1 bursting with local micropressure applications of the high-affinity synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (−)-CP-55,940. Approximately 60% of the tested neurons showed increased burst activity after a series of brief, burst-contingent applications of (−)-CP-55,940 at pipette concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. Identical microinjections of (−)-CP-55,940 administered independently of cellular activity did not increase and usually suppressed hippocampal bursting. Since general stimulation of CA1 activity by (−)-CP-55,940 can thus be ruled out, we conclude that burst-contingent applications of a cannabinoid receptor agonist can reinforce hippocampal firing in vitro.
Unique expression, processing regulation, and regulatory network of peach (Prunus persica) miRNAs

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as important gene regulators in plants. MiRNAs and their targets have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis and rice. However, relatively little is known about the characterization of miRNAs and their target genes in peach (Prunus persica), which is a complex crop with unique developmental programs. We performed small RNA deep sequencing and identified 47 peach-specific and 47 known miRNAs or families with distinct expression patterns. Together, the identified miRNAs targeted 80 genes, many of which have not been reported previously. Like the model plant systems, peach has two of the three conserved trans-acting siRNA biogenesis pathways with similar mechanistic features and target specificity. Unique to peach, three of the miRNAs collectively target 49 MYBs, 19 of which are known to regulate phenylpropanoid metabolism, a key pathway associated with stone hardening and fruit color development, highlighting a critical role of miRNAs in the regulation of peach fruit development and ripening. We also found that the majority of the miRNAs were differentially regulated in different tissues, in part due to differential processing of miRNA precursors. Up to 16% of the peach-specific miRNAs were differentially processed from their precursors in a tissue specific fashion, which has been rarely observed in plant cells. The miRNA precursor processing activity appeared not to be coupled with its transcriptional activity but rather acted independently in peach. Collectively, the data characterizes the unique expression pattern and processing regulation of peach miRNAs and demonstrates the presence of a complex, multi-level miRNA regulatory network capable of targeting a wide variety of biological functions, including phenylpropanoid pathways which play a multifaceted spatial-temporal role in peach fruit development.
Scanning electron microscopy of the channel catfish olfactory lamellae

The olfactory lamellae of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are composed of sensory and indifferent (non-sensory) epithelia organized into two distinct regions on both surfaces of each lamella. The smaller sensory region located adjacent to the midline raphe has fewer cilia per unit surface area than the indifferent epithelium and contains the olfactory neurons whose ciliated dendritic terminals occur at the epithelial surface. The indifferent epithelium, comprising the greater surface area of the olfactory lamella, is covered with a dense mat of non-sensory cilia. Fractured carbon dioxide critical point dried lamellar tissue revealed the underlying cellular structure. The lamellae are composed of two layers of epithelium enclosing a thin stromal layer. Olfactory receptors were observed in the fractured tissue only within the sensory epithelium.
Photobehavioral differentiation in natural populations of Drosophila: changes of photoresponse over time in Drosophila pseudoobscura and Drosophila persimilis.

The photobehavior of a sympatric assemblage ofDrosophila pseudoobscura andD. persimilis from California was examined over a 13-month period. During that time, certain aspects of the behavior remained constant (e.g., the mean resting photoresponse), while other aspects changed (e.g., the level of genotypic variation of the resting photoresponse ofD. persimilis). The data support the contention of Rockwellet al. [Rockwell, R. F., Cooke, F., and Harmsen, R. (1975).Behav. Genet.5:189–202] that genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity are central features of photobehavior in natural populations of these species. The evolutionary importance of such genotypic variation and phenotypic plasticity is discussed.
How accurate are self-reported resident duty hours?

Purpose The Methodist Hospital monitors resident duty hours using self-report for external rotations and an electronic time clock system for internal rotations where residents use their identification badges to “swipe in and out.” This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of self-reports against the electronic system. Methods This was a prospective observational study. For 1 month, surgical residents in an academic training program self-reported their duty hours and used the electronic system. The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of self-reported duty hours. Results Twenty two surgical residents accounted for 450 individual duty-hour periods. Sixty-four percent of the residents were men, and the distribution by postgraduate year (PGY) was PGY1 27%, PGY2 27%, PGY3 14%, PGY4 14%, and PGY5 18%. The number of missing duty-hour period reports was significantly greater for self-reports (44/450) than for the electronic system (18/450), p Conclusion Self-report was as accurate as the electronic system in determining the occurrence of duty-hour violations. Because residents may be able to manipulate reporting in both systems, the possibility of inaccuracies exists.
Evolution of the Tharsis Province of Mars: The importance of heterogeneous lithospheric thickness and volcanic construction

The Tharsis province of Mars is a broad region characterized by anomalously elevated topography, a positive free-air gravity anomaly, and extensive volcanic and tectonic activity. The evolution of this region has spanned up to 4 b.y. of Martian history. The traditional explanation of the Tharsis province is that uplift of the lithosphere caused by a thermal, chemical, or dynamical anomaly in the Martian mantle or crust led to lithospheric fracturing and to the later volcanic emplacement of thin plains units and large shields. By this explanation the majority of the topographic anomaly is due to uplift. The stress field predicted for lithospheric uplift, however, does not match the generally radial trends of observed extensional fractures. Strictly thermal or compositional explanations for the support of the Tharsis rise encounter problems with the magnitude and duration of the required lateral variations in mantle density. For these reasons, we propose a new model for the origin and evolution of the Tharsis province which emphasizes that the topography of Tharsis may be produced largely by construction, rather than uplift. The model is based on the premise that the elastic lithosphere of Mars was laterally heterogeneous early in Martian history; such heterogeneity is discernible later in Martian history from the variable tectonic response of the lithosphere to local surface loads. Stress due to both global and local causes was concentrated in zones of thin lithosphere, including at least a portion of the Tharsis region. As a result, fracturing was also concentrated in such zones and favored localization of volcanism by providing access to the surface for mantle-derived magma. The heating associated with volcanism maintained the lithosphere locally thin, so that further fracturing and volcanism were concentrated in the same area. The Tharsis rise was thus built primarily by volcanic construction. Most visible tectonic features, by this model, were produced by the response of the lithosphere to loading, not by uplift. Early in the history of Tharsis the lithosphere responded to volcanic loading by nearly local isostatic compensation, while later additional loads have been partly supported by the finite strength of the globally thick elastic lithosphere of Mars. This mechanism for the evolution of Tharsis led to permanent topographic and gravity highs and a greatly thickened crust in the Tharsis region. A major advantage of the model is that no anomalous dynamical or chemical properties need to be sustained in the Martian mantle beneath Tharsis for billions of years. The mantle beneath Tharsis would thus play a passive rather than an active role in the regional volcanic and tectonic activity, much like the role of the mantle beneath major midocean ridges on earth. This and other models for the origin and evolution of the Tharsis province can be further tested by establishing the detailed chronology of tectonic features in the region.
Tuning cellulose pyrolysis chemistry: selective decarbonylation via catalyst-impregnated pyrolysis

Widespread adoption of biomass pyrolysis for lignocellulosic biofuels is largely hindered by a lack of economical means to stabilize the bio-oil (or pyrolysis oil) product. In this work, impregnation of supported metal catalysts provides a new approach to selectively decarbonylate primary pyrolysis products within intermediate cellulose liquid to targeted gasoline-like molecules with enhanced energy content and stability. Selective deoxygenation of hydroxy-methylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (F) to 88% yield of stable furans occurred over carbon-supported Pd, with negligible loss in overall bio-oil yield or furanic content.
Agricultural Water Conservation- A Global Perspective

Summary Water for agriculture generally is adequate in humid regions, but water conservation often is needed in subhumid and semiarid regions for good crop production, even with irrigation because of limited supplies. Increasingly, urban, industrial, environmental, and recreational users compete for agricultural water supplies. Although temporally and spatially variable, annual total supplies are relatively constant. The increasing competition, therefore, makes it imperative that agriculture does its share to conserve water to achieve greater production for an ever-increasing populace. In this report, we discuss basic principles of and some practices for achieving agricultural water conservation, both under dryland (rainfed) and irrigated conditions.
Cross domain similarity mining: research issues and potential applications including supporting research by analogy

This paper defines the cross domain similarity mining (CDSM) problem, and motivates CDSM with several potential applications. CDSM has big potential in (1) supporting understanding transfer and (2) supporting research by analogy, since similarity is vital to understanding/meaning and to identifying analogy, and since analogy is a fundamental approach frequently used in hypothesis generation and in research. CDSM also has big potential in (3) advancing learning transfer since cross domain similarities can shed light on how to best adapt classifiers/clusterings across given domains and how to avoid negative transfer. CDSM can also be useful for (4) solving the schema/ontology matching problem. Moreover, this paper gives a list of potential research questions for CDSM, and compares CDSM with related studies. One purpose of this paper is to introduce the CDSM problem to the wide KDD community in order to quickly realize the full potential of CDSM.