cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of catheter removal after radical prostatectomy: A prospective randomized clinical trial.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the role of antibiotic prophylaxis with oral ciprofloxacin prior to urinary catheter removal after radical prostatectomy in preventing urinary tract infection (UTI). Materials and methods Patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were prospectively enrolled and randomized to either the antibiotic prophylaxis group (2 doses of oral ciprofloxacin prior to urinary catheter removal) or the control group (no antibiotics given prior to urinary catheter removal). Neither patients nor study providers were blinded to the group. The primary objective was to assess for development of UTI. The secondary objective was to assess for development of Clostridium difficile (C diff) enterocolitis. Continuous variables were compared using a 2-sample t test. Categorical variables were compared using Pearson's chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test. Results One hundred seventy-five patients were enrolled and randomized (90 control and 85 antibiotic prophylaxis). After randomization, 4 patients were excluded and 4 patients withdrew voluntarily. One hundred sixty-seven patients (84 control and 83 antibiotic prophylaxis) completed the study and were available for analysis. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, perioperative data, or complications. There was no significant difference in the rate of UTI between the control group and antibiotic prophylaxis group (5.95% vs. 6.02%, P = 1). There was also no significant difference in the rates of C diff infection between the control and the antibiotic prophylaxis groups (3.57% vs. 0%, P = 0.21). Conclusions In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis with oral ciprofloxacin prior to urinary catheter removal after radical prostatectomy did not decrease the rate of UTI, and was not associated with an increased incidence of C diff enterocolitis.
Identification of core ethical topics for interprofessional education in the intensive care unit: a thematic analysis.

Medical educators have not identified effective approaches for interprofessional ethics education of clinicians who work in intensive care units (ICUs), in spite of the fact that ICUs have a high i...
Resection Arthroplasty and Hip Joint Fusion

The continued improvement in both prosthetic bearing technology and the methods by which prosthetic implants are fixed to host bone have reduced the frequency of both wear particle induced osteolysis and aseptic implant loosening after total hip arthroplasty. Improvements in surgical technique and operative efficiency have helped reduce complications related to infection and intraoperative soft-tissue damage. Infection rates in many high volume joint replacement centers have stabilized below 1 % (J Bone Joint Surg Am. 89(8):1675–84, 2007). Even in the setting of significant bone destruction, viable options for reconstruction via revision arthroplasty often exist. As such, the need for salvage operations for failed total hip arthroplasty has diminished.
The Effect of Threat and Proximity on Cyber-Rumor Sharing

Today’s society faces a paramount challenge from cyber-rumors that become rapidly viral and transform into more harmful impacts in social networks. The problem of cyber-rumors is further exacerbated in the health crisis context. In the healthcare literature, it has been well established that threat situations facilitate citizens’ behavior including cyber-rumor sharing. In this paper, we argue that in the healthcare context, both the threat attribute and cyber-rumor sharing are likely to be influenced by the proximity to health crisis. We argue that proximity is an important indicator of newsworthiness and shareworthiness in social media. In accordance, we investigate how the concept of proximity affects diffusion characteristics of cyber-rumor messages. We address the following research questions associated with cyber-rumor sharing in the context of Zika virus: How does proximity affect the threat appeal in a cyber-rumor message? How does proximity influence cyber-rumor sharing? The results indicate the negative effect of spatial and temporal distance on threat appeal, and the negative effect of spatial distance on cyber-rumor sharing. Such an investigation allows us to quickly identify the emergence of viral rumor messages and monitor the ongoing development of these messages in a timely manner.
Subscribe, Rate and Preserve Wherever You Get Your Podcasts

Contemporary podcasting is used not only to extend the reach of existing radio stations and personalities but also by hundreds of independent content creators who can bypass the strictures of tradi...
“Born a Leading Lady”: The Political Trajectory of Lucretia del Valle

This essay explores the life experiences that shaped the political work of Lucretia del Valle Grady. Born in California at the turn of the twentieth century, del Valle Grady traced her lineage to early California Spanish-Mexican settlers. She came of age in the emerging metropolis of Los Angeles and closely witnessed her father's, Reginaldo del Valle, own political career evolve. After a successful acting career, Lucretia left Los Angeles to study in New York and took part in suffrage efforts. While suffrage occupies a center role in understanding women's political work, this essay shows that suffrage functioned as a stepping stone between formidable political experiences. By decentering suffrage, this profile traces the vast scope of del Valle Grady's life of political engagement.
Optimizing electrostatic cleaning for dust removal on gecko-inspired adhesives

Abstract Gecko-inspired adhesives are one of the most promising forms of controllable adhesives for a wide range of applications, especially robotic gripping, perching, and climbing. One impediment to the technology's success is the negative effect of dust and other contaminants, which can significantly decrease adhesion in real-world environments. Previous work has shown that electrostatic forces were capable of removing adhered dust on the surface of gecko-inspired adhesives and that a two-phase square wave input to the electrostatic element with the lowest possible frequency produced the highest cleaning efficiency. In this work, dust particle size, electrode geometry (electrode width and gap), duty cycle of the exciting wave, peak-peak voltage of the electrodes, and the thickness of dielectric layer (the gecko-inspired microstructures) are evaluated experimentally and in simulation. Moreover, three possible electrostatic particle removal mechanisms were modeled to explain their relative importance: repulsion, sliding, and rolling. Results indicate that the highest cleaning efficiency for all particle sizes occurs with the highest possible peak-peak voltage when the electrode width and gap are 400 μm and 300 μm, respectively. The results also show the highest cleaning efficiencies are produced using a duty cycle of 50 % on the thinnest samples of the gecko-inspired microstructures, where electrodes are closer to particles. Finally, particle sliding and particle rolling are the dominant factors in electrostatic cleaning of gecko-inspired adhesives, while particle repulsion plays a limited role.
Explaining Uncontested Seats in Congress and State Legislatures

A fundamental requirement of democracy is the existence of contested elections. Our study documents and explains trends in uncontested seats in the U.S. Congress and state legislatures over time. W...
The resiliency of employees with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and economic shutdown: A retrospective review of employment files

BACKGROUND: While the health and economic impact of COVID-19 is becoming better known among the general population, little is known about the impact of the pandemic and recession on employees with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent recession on individuals with IDD METHODS: The present paper described the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and recession on the employment status, hours worked, and hourly wage of 156 individuals with IDD who work in competitive integrated employment for February to July 2020 These findings are compared with a similar group receiving services from the same agency in February to July 2019 RESULTS: Findings indicate that these employees were not able to work from home and experienced furlough or lay off instead Further, the number of hours worked monthly was also significantly affected Wages were not affected by the pandemic and recession Employees in some industries, notably health care and distribution and supplies, were less affected than employees in other industries like food service, retail, and entertainment Finally, and surprisingly, black, indigenous, and other people of color worked more hours monthly than their white peers in both 2019 and 2020 CONCLUSION: Implications of these findings are discussed © 2021 - IOS Press All rights reserved
Meeting connected vehicle application requirements: it's not just about bandwidth

The growing popularity of connected vehicles is driving the development of a new class of latency-sensitive applications. The applications can benefit from edge clouds but they need timely responses to their requests. For applications based on video and other sensor data, this necessitates high burst throughput from the network, which results in a challenging scheduling problem since applications have diverse request sizes, rates, and deadlines. While the problem of managing latency sensitive bursty traffic has been considered in data centers, wireless networks use variable bit rates, which further exacerbates the problem. In this paper, we first use simple examples to show that traditional network fairness and quality-of-service (QoS) solutions are not appropriate for latency sensitive applications using cloud services at the wireless edge. We then sketch a possible solution that addresses the challenges of combining Service Level Agreements that focus on burst transfers with a network scheduler that is resource-aware. Finally, we use a simplified network, namely Wi-Fi based emulation, to show how our approach enables both the network administrator and applications to meet their goals.
Does the Public Hold Governors Accountable for Policy Outcomes

What are the origins of gubernatorial popularity? Past studies debate whether governors are substantively evaluated based on their performance in office, with some arguing that the origins of appro...
Applied Intermediate Macroeconomics: The International Financial System and the Balance of Payments

For good or ill, the world economy is interdependent and becoming more so. The financial system is increasingly able to direct savings in one part of the world toward its most profitable uses in some other part of the world. Yet, the financial crisis of 2008, which started in the U.S. domestic mortgage market, quickly spread to countries: interdependence introduces new risks. Robust foreign trade in goods and services is associated with economic strength and fuels the rapid development of many poor countries. Yet, dependence on trade allows a recession in one country to reduce demand and increase unemployment in other countries. Although these interconnections were introduced in the discussion of national accounts in Chapter 2 and of the financial system in Chapter 6, they present complications that we shall examine more closely in this chapter. In many ways, the world economy is just a bigger version of the national economy. Yet it is complicated by the fact that there are many barriers to international trade, especially in real factors of production, such as labor, and by the existence of different national currencies, which adds considerable complexity to financial markets. The Global Economy No component of GDP excites political passions to the degree of net exports – not even government expenditure and its correlative, taxation. In recent years, advocates and opponents of globalization have frequently dominated headlines. “Globalization” generally refers to the increasingly free movement of goods, services, labor, and capital across national borders, increasing international financial integration and the rise of multinational corporations. Globalization has always excited passions.
China's Minorities, Cultural Change, and Ethnic Identity

China's non-Han ethnic groups have been precipitated both through assimilation and territorial expulsion at the hands of the agriculturalists who gradually formed the Han Chinese majority and became the basis of empire, and by the last dynasty's incorporation of the thinly populated regions to the west and north. Recent research distinguishes assimilation from acculturation, indicating that both may occur at local initiative on local terms, and in the non-Han as well as the Han direction. New ethnicities have emerged through ecological adaptation and isolation. China's recognized minorities continue to play an important role in defining both the self-image of Han Chinese and China's identity as a modern nation-state.
Effect of pollination and exogenous ethylene on accumulation of ETR1 homologue transcripts during flower petal abscission in geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey)

We have isolated two cDNAs from geranium, PhETR1 and PhETR2. The deduced amino acid sequences of PhETR1 and PhETR2 share 78% and 79% identity with ETR1 from Arabidopsis thaliana respectively. These genes are members of a multigene family and are expressed at moderate levels in leaves, pedicels, sepals, pistils and petals, and at very low levels in roots. PhETR1 and PhETR2 mRNAs are expressed in geranium florets long before they are receptive to pollination and transcript levels remain constant throughout floral development. Message levels of PhETR1 and PhETR2 in pistils and receptacles are unaffected by self-pollination or treatment with 1 μ/l ethylene that induces petal abscission. Our results indicate that the amount of PhETR1 and PHETR2 mRNA is not indicative of the level of sensitivity of geranium florets to ethylene.
Educative or Miseducative Work: A Critique of the Current Debate on Work and Education

The current debate on work and workplace education is characterized by two distinct but related approaches. The first emphasizes the training of skills for present and future job requirements, and is oriented towards maintaining or restoring the economic status quo. The second approach looks at the workplace itself as a learning environment where personal and job-related developments are integrated. It raises critical questions about what kind of work environments can be considered conducive to these developments and can therefore be called "educative" as well. In this article the argument is made that both approaches share the same overall framework of assumptions about work, the economy, progress and development. These assumptions directly undermine the critical intent of the second approach by blocking the view towards a fuller understanding of the cultural dynamics behind destructive and divisive economic and social arrangements. While the emphasis is on a critique of the shortcomings of these approaches, the beginnings of an alternative framework are suggested. Such a framework leads to different conceptions of work and progress, and opens the view towards equally different educational responses and programs. Resume Le debat en cours sur l'education du travail et le lieu de travail est caracterise par deux approches distinctes mais relatifs. Le premier accentue la formation des habiletes aux exigences de l'emploi present et futur, et est oriente vers le statu quo de la conservation ou la restoration economique. La seconde approche examine le lien de travail liu-meme comme un environnement d'apprentissage ou des developpements personnels et relatifs a l'emploi sont integres. Il souleve des questions critiques au sujet de quel type d'environnements de travail pent etre appele "educatif" aussi. Dans cet essai l'auteur soutient que les deux approches partagent le cadre total des presomptions au sujet du travail, de l'economie, du progres et du developpement. Ces presomptions attaquent directement l'intention critique de la deuxieme approche en bloquant la vue vers une pleine comprehension des dynamiques culturelles derriere l'economie distinctive et divisive et les amenagements sociaux. Tandis que l'insistance est sur la critique des points foibles des ces approches, on suggere le commencement d'un cadre alternatif. Un tel cadre mene aux differentes conceptions de travail et de progres, et ouvre la perspective vers des reponses et programmes tout aussi differents.
A field method for determining the chemical and biological activity of sediments

Abstract A field method for the rapid estimation of chemical and biological activities in sediments was developed. This spectrophotometric test is based on the quantitative reduction of the dye resazurin by chemically reducing substances and by dehydrogenase in microorganisms; the chemical and biological activities are differentiated by using m -cresol to inhibit the dehydrogenase. Activity is expressed as μmol resazurin reduced h -1 g -1 sediment (dry weight). Dry weights of the sediment samples are determined by membrane filtration and oven drying. Replicate samples from Hamilton Harbour and Bay of Quinte (Lake Ontario) and from Thunder Bay and Batchawana Bay (Lake Superior) were examined. Hamilton Harbour (heavy industry) had both low biological and low chemical activity; Bay of Quinte (eutrophic) had high chemical and biological activity. Samples from Thunder Bay showed high chemical and biological activity near an area receiving industrial wastes but moderate to low activity in an “unpolluted” area. Batchawana Bay (oligotrophic) had only low to moderate chemical and biological activity. The field method offers ease of performance, sensitivity, and stability of samples as well as good reproducibility. Comparison is made between results with this test and those with a respirometer.
20 Growth Hormone |[lpar]|GH|[rpar]| Responsiveness to Stimulation by Insulin Hypoglycemia, 2|[period]| Arginine, 3|[period]| Piromen in normal and Growth Deficient Children

Plasma GH levels in 11 normal children, in 5 children with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders, in 8 children with idiopathic GH deficiency and in 4 children with a constitutional growth delay were examined in the fasting state and following stimulation with insulin hypoglycemia, arginine, and bacterial pyrogen (Piromen). Normal children exhibited a marked fluctuation in fasting GH levels (radioimmunoassay). An elevated prestimulatory GH value was associated with a diminished response. Of the 3 stimuli, insulin hypoglycemia resulted in the highest GH levels. In normal children, GH responses to Insulin Hypoglycemia (x 20.4±6.4) Arginine (x 15.2±4.3) and Piromen (x 9.9±2.8) were not significantly different because of the marked variability observed within each group. In children with a constitutional growth delay, both fasting and poststimulatory GH values were indistinguishable from normal. In idiopathic GH deficiency, GH values prior to stimulation (x 2.4±0.4) and after the three stimuli (x 3.6±1.0) were significantly lower than those values observed in the normal or constitutional delay groups. The data suggest 1. Insulin Hypoglycemia, Arginine and Piromen are suitable stimuli with which to evaluate GH responsiveness; 2. failure to respond to stimuli in normal children is associated with elevated resting levels of GH; 3. children with idiopathic GH deficiency have significantly lower pre and post stimulatory GH values than do the normal but do respond better to stimulation than children with pituitary-hypothalamic disorders; 4. constitutional delay in growth is not associated with abnormal GH responsiveness; 5. normal GH secretion can be diagnosed if a resting GH level 6 mμg/ml. (APS)
Modulo 3 residue checker: new results on performance and cost

The performance and cost of a modulo-3 residue code checker that has been attached to a pipelined serial multiplier to provide a concurrent self-test capability are considered. Analytical results are derived for error detection coverage and minimum error latency; these quantities are observed to be in agreement with simulation results obtained by using ISPS, a register-transfer language. The residue checker error detection coverage and minimum error latency are observed to be dependent on the statistical properties of the multiplier input operands. The checker and serial multiplier were implemented in 4- mu m NMOS, using a standard cell design. The residue code checker required approximately half of the total silicon area. >
Band Structure Of ZnSe-ZnTe Superlattices Calculated By K . P Theory

ZnSe-ZnTe superlattices have generated a great deal of interest in the optoelectonics arena particularly as visible light emitters. There is a large research effort particularly by the Japanese to make blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) with ZnSe-ZnTe superlattices. Successful growth of these superlattices has been achieved with molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Photoluminescence from this system suggests that the valence band offset between ZnSe and ZnTe is about 1.0 eV. We have performed band structure calculations based on k•p theory to study the dependence of the valence band offset and the band gap on strain. Based on the assumption that the photoluminescence from the superlattice is due to the emission from a Tel bound exciton in ZnSe, we have fit the experimental photoluminescence data with k•p theory to obtain the best value of the valence band offset. The value we find is 0.97 ± 0.10 eV. Alternatively, assuming that the photoluminescence is due to band to band transitions, we obtain a valence band offset of 1.20 ± 0.13 eV. We have also calculated the superlattice band gap as a function of the constituent material layer thicknesses for the valence band offsets quoted. We expect these calculations to play an important role in gaining an understanding of the ZnSe-ZnTe superlattices.
Characterization of adsorbed species on TiO2 after photocatalytic oxidation of toluene

Abstract During the initial step of photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of toluene on TiO2 at room temperature, strongly bound intermediates form that are much less reactive than toluene. Temperature-programmed hydrogenation (TPH) is shown to be an effective technique to characterize these intermediates. Titania is a hydrogenation catalyst at elevated temperatures, and the intermediates hydrogenate to benzene and toluene, which are more weakly bound. Platinum was added to TiO2 to increase the rate of hydrogenation through spillover of hydrogen so that the intermediates were removed at lower temperatures, and the Pt also increased the rate of PCO at room temperature. More than one intermediate may be on the surface, and the intermediates have intact aromatic rings. Similarities in TPH spectra indicate that toluene reacted through benzaldehyde, but benzaldehyde oxidized quickly to some less reactive intermediate. Benzaldehyde adsorbed in more than one form on TiO2, and these forms had different reactivities during PCO. Benzoic acid is not the less reactive intermediate formed during benzaldehyde PCO.
Computed tomography-guided minithoracotomy for the resection of small peripheral pulmonary nodules

Small peripheral pulmonary nodules ranging in size from 1 mm to 20 mm were excised in 58 patients. Computed tomography was used to mark the skin overlying the nodules to minimize the surgical exposure needed for operative identification. The nodules were 1 cm or less in maximum diameter in 76% of the patients. Twenty-six patients had single nodules and 32 patients had multiple nodules. The preoperative diagnosis was inaccurate in 67% of the patients. In 61% of the patients in whom malignancy was suspected, no tumor was demonstrated. Conversely, of the 20 patients in whom a malignant nodule was excised, the preoperative diagnosis was correct in only 50%. Thirty-one patients required no further treatment apart from their biopsy and 27 required additional intervention. Small peripheral pulmonary nodules require biopsy for diagnosis. When percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy is unsuccessful, or technically difficult, a computed tomography-guided thoracotomy is an effective and minimally invasive surgical alternative.
Forecasting wind speed with recurrent neural networks

Abstract This research presents a comparative analysis of the wind speed forecasting accuracy of univariate and multivariate ARIMA models with their recurrent neural network counterparts. The analysis utilizes contemporaneous wind speed time histories taken from the same tower location at five different heights above ground level. A unique aspect of the study is the exploitation of information contained in the wind histories for the various heights when producing forecasts of wind speed for the various heights. The findings indicate that multivariate models perform better than univariate models and that the recurrent neural network models outperform the ARIMA models. The results have important implications for a variety of engineering applications and business related operations.
Operators with singular continuous spectrum: III. Almost periodic Schrödinger operators

We prove that one-dimensional Schrodinger operators with even almost periodic potential have no point spectrum for a dense G_δ in the hull. This implies purely singular continuous spectrum for the almost Mathieu equation for coupling larger than 2 and a dense G_δ in θ even if the frequency is an irrational with good Diophantine properties.
Accuracy of direct magnetic resonance imaging-guided placement of drug infusion cannulae

An intraoperative MRI (iMRI)–compatible system has been developed for direct placement of convection-enhanced delivery (CED) cannulae using real-time imaging. To establish the precision and feasibility of this technology, the authors analyzed findings in patients who underwent direct iMRI CED cannula placement. Three consecutive patients underwent iMRI-guided placement of CED infusion cannulae (6 cannulae) for treatment of diffuse intrinsic brainstem glioma (2 patients) or Parkinson's disease (1 patient). Convective infusion cannulae were guided to the target using the ClearPoint iMRI-based navigation platform (MRI Interventions, Inc.). Placement accuracy was analyzed. Real-time iMRI during infusion cannula insertion allowed for monitoring of trajectory accuracy during placement. During cannula insertion, no reinsertions or changes due to errors in targeting were necessary. The mean radial error was 1.0 ± 0.5 mm (± SD). There was no correlation between the total length of the planned trajectory and the ra...
OUTCOME OF CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

A paucity of data is available on the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of newborns. Since predictors of long term outcome following resuscitation would be extremely valuable we undertook a study to help define these variables. All admissions to the Neonatal ICU in a 30 month period (January 1981-June 1983) were reviewed to identify episodes of CPR. Of the 1341 charts reviewed, 83 patients met the criteria for a "code" consisting of CPR with or without medications or procedures. Sixty seven patients (81%) survived the initial arrest however 37 patients (44%) succumbed within 24 hrs. Eighteen patients (22%) died prior to discharge and twelve patients (14%) were eventually dismissed. Prior to arrest, significant predictors of poor outcome were a urine output of <1 cc/kg/hr, sepsis and postnatal age < 24 hours (p<0.04). A pH < 7.30 twenty four hours after CPR or the occurance of intraventricular hemorrhage subsequent to the code were significantly associated with ultimate demise. A Chi square analysis indicated that the requirements of intravenous lines or intubation during a code was advantageous (p<0.04). Survivors of CPR were more likely to have BPD, to be term gestation and not to have subsequent arrests (p<0.01). Six (55%) of the long term survivors (alive 6 months after discharge) were neurologically intact. Four (36%) were abnormal, but two of these infants had congenital anomalies associated with neurologic deficits. One patient was lost to follow-up. The clinical, socio-economic and ethical implications of this study warrant further analysis.
Rapid evolution of reduced receptivity to interspecific mating in the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in response to satyrization by invasive Aedes albopictus

In this paper we examine the effect of reproductive interference on the dynamics of two mosquito vectors of public health concern and add to the growing literature on the strength and speed with which interspecific reproductive interference may drive evolution. Recent evidence supports a role for asymmetric reproductive interference, or satyrization, in competitive displacements of Aedes aegypti by Aedes albopictus. However, populations of A. aegypti sympatric with A. albopictus in nature evolve resistance to satyrization. Here we report that A. aegypti from Tucson, AZ (USA), where A. albopictus are not known to occur, are satyrization-susceptible. Furthermore, in cage experiments we demonstrate rapid evolution in satyrization-susceptible lines. Exposing allopatric strains of A. aegypti to A. albopictus in cages led to significant reductions, within 1–3 generations, in the frequency of reproductive interference. We also demonstrate that satyrization-resistant A. aegypti females derived from selection experiments are significantly slower to mate with conspecific males, suggesting a cost for the evolution of satyrization-resistance. Results show how interspecific interactions between these vector species are rapidly evolving, with implications for the arboviral diseases, especially dengue and chikungunya, which they transmit.
The Role of the Pain Psychologist, Trigger Point Injections, Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

This feature presents information for patients in a question and answer format. It is written to simulate actual questions that many pain patients ask and to provide answers in a context and language that most pain patients will comprehend. Issues addressed in this issue are the role of the pain psychologist, trigger point injections, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
Leadership as Learning: Conceptualizing the Process

ABSTRACT Community College leaders face new and diverse challenges, often requiring different orientations to leadership than were effective previously. Yet, focusing on leadership as a series of career stages through which particular skills and techniques are learned often leaves leaders without the capacity to do the adaptive work required of their changing organizations. Conceptualizing leadership as an on-going process of learning relinquishes the need for a specific career orientation, and focuses on developing and sharing leadership throughout the college. Taking this approach uncovers mental models that affect how administrators see the world and, therefore, act within any environment. It shifts the goal of leadership preparation to understanding the concepts (and processes) of transforming organizational reality, challenging organizational status quo, and of deep change. It also ties leadership more directly to creating learning environments for leaders and others, which is important for community...
“SOMEHOW IT HAPPENED”: Violence, Culpability, and the Hindu Nationalist Community

For more than four decades, local-level workers of the Marxist Left and Hindu Right in the southern Indian state of Kerala have been involved in a grievous political conflict. Drawing on my ethnography among members of the two groups, I describe how responsibility for this violence has been elided and effaced especially among members of the Hindu nationalist group, Rashtriya Swayam Sewak Sangh (RSS). Crucial to this elision has been the workers’ close-knit community of friends and supporters that they forge by extending everyday assistance, care, and mobilizing support in small neighborhoods, towns, and villages of the region. Modes of sociality and concepts of relatedness so generated not only mitigate individualizing experiences of suffering but also subsume individual responsibility for acts of violence within the whole. This article is about such dissolution of culpabilities, and the affects, emotive concepts and conditions of collective life that make it possible.
An amperometric study of the reactions of copper(I) and copper(II) oxides with barium peroxide in surfactant suspensions

A study was made of the amperometric titration of the reaction between barium peroxide and copper(I) and copper(II) oxides. It was shown that it was possible to titrate a solid with a solid in surfactant suspensions. The studies were made in aqueous and acetonitrile suspensions containing cationic surfactants. End points were obtained at molecular ratios of BaO2 to CuO of 1 : 1, 1 : 3, and 1 : 5; and molecular ratios of BaO2 to Cu2O of 1 : 1 and 2: 1. It was postulated that the reactions involving CuO were The reactions involving Cu2O were postulated to be .
Unitarization of representations of a partially ordered set associated with a graph \( {\tilde E_6} \)

It is shown that any Schur representation of a poset associated with a graph $ {\tilde E_6} $ can be unitarized with a certain character. The description of characters for which it is possible to unitarize the Schur representations of $ {\tilde E_6} $ is presented.
Frederick Douglass and the Atlantic World

Fionnghuala Sweeney Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2007 Pp. 210, £50.00 (hbk), ISBN 978 1 8463 1078 2 Frederick Douglass, former slave, abolitionist, journalist, confidante to President Lin...
The structure and spin coupling of catalase compound I: a study of noncovalent effects.

Catalase compound I contains an iron(lV)-oxo porphyrin- radical; in this species, an S = l iron-oxo unit and an S = 1/2 radical, located on the porphyrin ring, couple to give doublet and quartet states that are mixed by the zero-field splitting of the ferryl moiety. The result is a Kramer's doublet ground state with a distinctive EPR signature.
Cell killing by Simian virus 40: Evaluation of the role of extracellular calcium

Abstract Previous results of other investigators demonstrated that the killing of rat liver hepatocytes by each of a number of different membrane-active agents showed an absolute requirement for calcium in the medium. Earlier, we reported that altered membrane permeability is a major determinant of lethal cell injury caused by lytic simian virus 40 (SV40) infection. Results of the present study show that killing of CV-1 green monkey kidney cells by SV40, as determined by trypan blue staining, followed a similar time course and occurred to the same extent in calcium-free as in calcium-containing medium. The lethal consequence of calcium influx into CV-1 cells was nevertheless demonstrated by the cytotoxic action of the calcium-specific ionophore A23187, which rapidly killed CV1 cells in calcium-containing but not in calcium-free medium. It is concluded that whereas calcium influx is very cytotoxic to cells which are susceptible to lytic SV40 infection, calcium influx is not required to couple SV40-induced cell membrane damage to consequent cell death.
Ca2+ transients associated with openings of inositol trisphosphate‐gated channels in Xenopus oocytes.

1. The mechanisms underlying inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-induced Ca2+ liberation were studied in Xenopus oocytes by using scanning and stationary-point confocal fluorescence microscopy to record Ca2+ signals evoked by photorelease of InsP3 from a caged precursor. 2. Fluorescence measurements from confocal images showed that increasing [InsP3] evoked three distinct modes of Ca2+ liberation: a diffuse 'pacemaker' signal, localized transient puffs, and propagating waves. Peak free Ca2+ concentrations during waves and puffs (respectively, 2-5 microM and 100-200 nM) varied only slightly with [InsP3], whereas the pacemaker amplitude varied over a wider range (at least 1-30 nM Ca2+). 3. The improved resolution provided by confocal point recording revealed discontinuous Ca2+ 'blips' during pacemaker release. These events were resolved only at particular locations and had time courses similar to the puffs (rise, approximately 50 ms; decay, a few hundred milliseconds) but with amplitudes one-fifth or less of puff amplitudes. 4. We conclude that blips may arise through opening of single InsP3-gated channels, whereas puffs reflect the concerted opening of several clustered channels due to local regenerative feedback by Ca2+.
Fire safety of composites in the US Navy

Abstract Composite materials for marine applications offer the benefit of weight savings, corrosion resistance, and reduced life-cycle costs. The composite structures used in marine applications tend to be large, complex, and thick. As such, the use of low-temperature non-autoclave cure resins is desirable. The US Navy is presently using fire-retardant (brominated) vinyl-ester resin for some topside composite structures. These composites are produced by the vacuum-assisted resin transfer method. Brominated vinyl-ester resin generates dense heavy smoke with high yields of carbon monoxide. Acid gases such as hydrogen bromide are also produced. Several alternative resins with and without non-halogenated fire retardants have recently been evaluated by the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division in small-scale fire test methods. These included cone calorimeter testing at three different fluxes of 25, 50, and 75 kW m−2. The summary of results, including smoke production rate and carbon monoxide yield, is presented for various vinyl-ester resins with and without additives. Brominated epoxy vinyl ester marked #1168 exhibited lower heat release rates but significantly higher smoke generation and CO yield than non-brominated vinyl esters. Of the additives studied, aluminum trihydrate (15 phr, #1196) shows a 20 and 25% decrease in peak heat release rates, 24 and 13% decrease in average heat release rates, and 27 and 24% decrease in average mass loss rates at radiant heat fluxes of 50 and 75 kW m−2, respectively.
Spirituality Among College Freshmen: Relationships to Self-Esteem, Body Image, and Stress

The authors investigated the relationships between spirituality, body image, self-esteem, and stress in 204 college freshmen who identified themselves as being highly spiritual. A positive relationship was found between spirituality and self-esteem. Although self-esteem was found to be negatively related to stress, spirituality served as a buffer in this relationship. When gender of participants was examined, men and women did not differ in spirituality. Greater spirituality was related to lower body surveillance, an aspect of body image, for men, but it was not related to body image for women. Overall, however, women experienced greater body image dissatisfaction than did men.
Consumer product warnings: The role of hazard perception

Three studies examined factors associated with people's hazard perceptions of consumer products. A specific interest was how these perceptions relate to willingness to read product warnings. In Study 1, 72 generically-named products were rated on perceived hazard, familiarity, and several expectations associated with warnings, including willingness to read them. Willingness to read warnings was found to have a strong positive relationship with perceived hazard. Though familiarity was negatively related to willingness to read warnings, it provided little predictive value beyond perceived hazard. In addition, products judged as more hazardous were expected to have warnings, to have them in close proximity to the product, and to be less aesthetically impaired by prominent warnings. Since hazard perception was found to be an important determinant of willlingness to read warnings, potential components of hazard perception were examined in Studies 2 and 3. Study 2 showed that perceived severity of injury related more strongly to perceptions of hazard than likelihood of injury. In Study 3, participants generated accident scenarios and rated the severity and likelihood of each scenario. For each product, they also judged overall hazard and their intent to behave cautiously. Results supported the two earlier studies and showed that severity of the first generated scenario was most predictive of hazard perception. Theoretical implications and applications for warning design are discussed.
A chemical basis for the sensitization of bacteria to ultraviolet light by incorporated bromouracil.

Studies show that at least one explanation for the enhancement of bacterial sensitivity to uitraviolet light by incorporated bromouracil (BU) is its greater photochemical lability in vivo relative to thymine. This is evidenced both by a greater rate of photochemlcal aiteration (1.9 times greater than thymine) and also by a greater number of photochemical products formed. (auth)
Government agencies and policies

IT SHOULD BE CLEAR from what has already been said today that the major problems confronting the nation are in the field of manpower or are closely related to manpower. It is also true that in the manpower field the problem is most acute and has its greatest impact for the age groups coinciding with the age of college attendance. This makes the present manpower crisis extraordinarily important for the future because the actions which are taken to solve these problems will have their major effects not so much now as in the future–5 and 10 and 20 or more years from now. It is not too much to state that an unwise resolution of these problems could fundamentally alter the nature of our civilization and dissipate its essential strength to the point where it will be extremely vulnerable in any future conflict.
The dominant role of the nuclear surface in (p, t) reactions

It is demonstrated in finite-range DWBA analyses of (p, t) reactions, utilizing realistic triton wave functions, that the transfer only occurs in the extreme surface of the nucleus. This explains in part the success of recent (p, t) analyses which employed quite simple two-neutron transfer form factors. The necessary enhancement of the bound-state wave functions was obtained by employing a «large geometry» in the half-separation energy method.
Why it was hard for me to learn compassion as a third-year medical student.

Ms. B. was a 70-year-old woman who presented with a chief complaint of “my belly got puffy.” She noted that her waistband got progressively tighter as her abdomen swelled up on the month prior to her admission. Although not painful, the swelling caused considerable discomfort and anorexia. Ms. B. had come to the university hospital by referral from her primary care doctor. She was my first patient on my junior clerkship in internal medicine, a specialty I was particularly interested in going into. It is a rare opportunity for a medical student to pick up a mystery case. Ms. B. had come to us without a diagnosis.
Evolutionary Stability in the Traveler's Dilemma.

Andrew T. Barker (andrew.barker@colorado.edu) is a Ph.D. student in Applied Mathematics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. His main research interests are in numerical analysis and parallel computation, with a current focus on the simulation of blood flow in human arteries. He can often be found drinking coffee, reading, or hiking the Colorado mountains, and sometimes doing all three at once.
Pressure relationships in the macro- and microcirculation of the mesentery.

Abstract The isolated and autoperfused intestine of the cat is an especially well-suited preparation for an analysis of the pressure response in selected mesenteric microvessels as a consequence of accurately controlled alterations in input or output pressure. Microcirculatory pressure was recorded directly with micropipettes using an electrical null technique. In 30–40-μ arterioles just proximal to the capillary bed the control pressure was still about 70–80% of the systemic arterial pressure. Beyond this point the pressure dropped off sharply until on the postcapillary side it was only about 25–30% of the systemic pressure. Pressure tracings with a reasonable degree of fidelity to the systemic arterial pulse were obtained as far down as the smallest precapillary vessels and occasionally were noted on the postcapillary side as well. In experiments where venous outflow pressure was increased, 60% of the elevation was reflected back to the smallest of postcapillary venules. In contrast, little or no change in pressure could be detected on the precapillary side of the microcirculation in arterioles larger than 30 μ. This dampening action appeared to involve active constriction of small precapillary vessels. During shifts in arterial perfusion pressure, the micropressure response was highly variable especially in the arterioles. Evidence of autoregulatory adjustment was frequently observed. The data indicate that regulatory adjustments to shifts in both arterial and venous pressure serve to stabilize pressure conditions in the mesenteric capillary network.
Automated Defect Inspection: A Valuable Tool For Proactive Defect Control

Defect control in a VLSI production facility is a critical activity for establishing stability and improvement in final die yield. A key aspect of any defect control program is visual inspection of product wafers during their manufacture. Traditionally this has been executed by operators. However, a visual inspection program utilizing automated defect detection equipment has been developed and will be described in this paper. The program places emphasis on monitoring and detecting defects as they occur. The bulk of the inspections are done on critical layers (i.e. layers with a high density of printed and etched patterns) as they will be most susceptible to yield loss. A highly controlled classification system along with proper training of operators is used to maintain the integrity of the collected defect data. A flexible data base, in which the defect data is entered, is used to maximize the analysis techniques that can be applied with this inspection program. Finally, examples of successful application of the program will be described.
Description of a corona-type loudspeaker used in bioacoustic research

Un generateur thermo-ionique capable de produire des ondes acoustiques de haute intensite et de haute frequence est decrit. Ce transformateur electro-acoustique est utile pour les etudes bio-acoustiques.