cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application Aware Tuning of Reconfigurable Multi-Layer Perceptron Architectures

Production FPGA implementations of Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) inference typically address the growing performance demands by, (i) to address memory boundedness, storing neuron weights on-chip, e.g., Microsoft Brainwave, and, (ii) to address compute boundedness, generating the largest possible arrays of multipliers and accumulators. These approaches of maximizing device utilization, irrespective of application model, can actually result in higher latencies due to the tight coupling of different function modules. For example, generic parameter sizing of a given component can force an increase in complexity and latency of multiple other modules in the design. In real-time applications, this can result in the overall computation failing to make a deadline. In our work we begin by creating a testbed for low-latency MLP inference, which we then use to explore the application-aware optimization space for compute-bound MLP inference engines. The optimization process begins by identifying modules in the critical path and their connectivity. We then use this information to determine key parameters and their ideal values. In addition, we automate hardware generation using OpenCL to ensure standard optimizations are applied. We find that correct parameter sizing can reduce latency by 20% on average. For the MNIST, Poker, and ECP-Candle benchmarks, we implement inference models using the Arria10X115 FPGA and achieve an average speedup of 1.47x over the NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPU.
New York City Panel on Climate Change 2019 Report Chapter 3: Sea Level Rise

The New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC, 2015) sea level rise projections provide the current scientific basis for New York City scientific decision making and planning, as reflected in, for example, the City's Climate Resiliency Design Guidelines. However, since the IPCC (2013) and NPCC (2015) reports, recent observations show mounting glacier and ice sheet losses leading to rising sea levels. Furthermore, new developments in modeling interactions between oceans, atmosphere, and ice sheets suggest the possibility of a significantly higher global mean sea level rise (GMSLR) by 2100 than previously anticipated, particularly under elevated greenhouse gas emission scenarios.
Sampling and Interpretation of Algal Patterns for Water Quality Assessments

Algal studies are valuable in water quality assessment because of their importance in aquatic ecosystems and sensitivity to changes in habitat conditions. Recent advances in algal ecology and sample analysis enable the designing of research that more directly reveals patterns of algal community structure and function that are pertinent to different kinds of environmental perturbations. In addition, advances in quantitative algal ecology enable more accurate interpretation of the importance of environmental perturbations on algal community structure and function. This paper incorporates recent advances in algal ecology into suggestions on how to design algal research for water quality assessment and methods for sample analysis, presents statistical techniques which can be useful for analyzing results, and reviews interpretations of the results.
Massive metagenomic data analysis using abundance-based machine learning

Metagenomics is the application of modern genomic techniques to investigate the members of a microbial community directly in their natural environments and is widely used in many studies to survey the communities of microbial organisms that live in diverse ecosystems. In order to understand the metagenomic profile of one of the densest interaction spaces for millions of people, the public transit system, the MetaSUB international Consortium has collected and sequenced metagenomes from subways of different cities across the world. In collaboration with CAMDA, MetaSUB has made the metagenomic samples from these cities available for an open challenge of data analysis including, but not limited in scope to, the identification of unknown samples. To distinguish the metagenomic profiling among different cities and also predict unknown samples precisely based on the profiling, two different approaches are proposed using machine learning techniques; one is a read-based taxonomy profiling of each sample and prediction method, and the other is a reduced representation assembly-based method. Among various machine learning techniques tested, the random forest technique showed promising results as a suitable classifier for both approaches. Random forest models developed from read-based taxonomic profiling could achieve an accuracy of 91% with 95% confidence interval between 80 and 93%. The assembly-based random forest model prediction also reached 90% accuracy. However, both models achieved roughly the same accuracy on the testing test, whereby they both failed to predict the most abundant label. Our results suggest that both read-based and assembly-based approaches are powerful tools for the analysis of metagenomics data. Moreover, our results suggest that reduced representation assembly-based methods are able to simultaneous provide high-accuracy prediction on available data. Overall, we show that metagenomic samples can be traced back to their location with careful generation of features from the composition of microbes and utilizing existing machine learning algorithms. Proposed approaches show high accuracy of prediction, but require careful inspection before making any decisions due to sample noise or complexity. This article was reviewed by Eugene V. Koonin, Jing Zhou and Serghei Mangul.
sli is required for proper morphology and migration of sensory neurons in the Drosophila PNS

Neurons and glial cells coordinate with each other in many different aspects of nervous system development. Both types of cells are receiving multiple guidance cues to guide the neurons and glial cells to their proper final position. The lateral chordotonal organs (lch5) of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system (PNS) are composed of five sensory neurons surrounded by four different glial cells, scolopale cells, cap cells, attachment cells and ligament cells. During embryogenesis, the lch5 neurons go through a rotation and ventral migration to reach their final position in the lateral region of the abdomen. We show here that the extracellular ligand sli is required for the proper ventral migration and morphology of the lch5 neurons. We further show that mutations in the Sli receptors Robo and Robo2 also display similar defects as loss of sli, suggesting a role for Slit-Robo signaling in lch5 migration and positioning. Additionally, we demonstrate that the scolopale, cap and attachment cells follow the mis-migrated lch5 neurons in sli mutants, while the ventral stretching of the ligament cells seems to be independent of the lch5 neurons. This study sheds light on the role of Slit-Robo signaling in sensory neuron development.
Impossibility of convergence of a Heun function on the boundary of the disc of convergence

The confluent Heun equation is one of 4 confluent forms of Heun's differential equation in which is the Fuchsian equation of second order with four regular singularities. A confluent Heun function is applicable to diverse areas such as theory of rotating/non-rotating black hole, the gauge theories on thick brane words, Schr$\ddot{\mbox{o}}$dinger equation for hydrogen molecule ion in Stark effect and etc. The confluent Heun function consists of the three term recurrence relation in its power series, and we show that the function is divergent on the boundary of the disc of convergence.
Dynamics of a Spool-Block Atwood System

For many years, Atwood’s machine has been used to demonstrate, illustrate, or verify Newton’s laws in introductory physics courses. It consists of two objects of different mass that are fastened to the ends of a string that hangs over a pulley. In an idealized situation, one assumes that pulley friction, the string’s mass, and changes in the string’s length are negligible. Cases in which the pulley’s mass is non-negligible may be considered. Advanced students can investigate non-ideal cases in which the string’s mass or friction is not negligible or cases in which the masses swing. Computer-based data acquisition tools allow quick and accurate measurements of the acceleration of the objects in the Atwood machine. They enable an instructor to ask probing questions regarding this apparatus while quickly verifying its prevailing physical principles through simple measurements. Two interesting questions that one can ask are: Question (1): “What is the acceleration of the objects in an Atwood machine when both objects are of equal mass with one being an unraveling spool?” Question (2): “Is it possible to determine a mass ratio in which the acceleration of the spool is non-zero while the acceleration of the other object is zero?”
Chapter 5 – Red Algae

There are 66 species and 27 genera of freshwater Rhodophyta from North America, but these numbers will be modified as molecular studies reveal additional diversity. There are three potential origins of the predominantly lotic forms: (a) specialists that evolved early within the stream environment and are absent in other habitats; (b) generalists that occur in a wide range of other freshwater bodies, such as lakes and ponds; and (c) upstream migrants from estuaries. Freshwater red algae exhibit a smaller size range than do marine species with the majority (80%) of them having a length range of 1-10 cm. The most common forms include gelatinous filaments, free filaments, and pseudoparenchymatous forms. New genera for the first edition are Balliopsis, Kumanoa, Sheathia, and Sterrocladia.
The clinical analysis and surgical management of infant nasopharyngeal neoplasms

Objective:To analysis the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment experience of nasopharyngeal neoplasm in infants.Method:Twenty infants cases of nasopharyngeal neoplasm, from June 2002 to March 2015, admitted in our department were retrospectively studied. Nasopharyngeal neoplasm in all cases were ablated with low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation after anesthesia downlink preoperative 70 degrees endoscope, and new biological routine pathologic examination were done.Result:The low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation has several advantages,such as simple and convenient operating, short operating time, intraoperative blood loss and clear vision.Five cases were diagnosed as postoperative pathological cyst,4 cases were teratoma, 4 cases were hairy polyps,3 cases were hamartoma, 2 cases were hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue, 1 case was glioma, and 1 case was rhabdomyosarcoma. Postoperative follow-up for 6 months to 12 years, recurrence were found in 2 cases, including 1 death case.Conclusion:Infants nasopharyngeal neoplasm are almost benign, clinical rare congenital nasopharyngeal tumor more than the early detection of an infant. CT and MRI examination has important significance to the diagnosis. Low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation with Seventy degrees nasal endoscope is worth extending.
Mechanically Cloaked Multiphase Magnetic Elastomer Soft Composites for Wearable Wireless Power Transfer.

Wearable electronics allow for new and immersive experiences between technology and the human body, but conventional devices are made from rigid functional components that lack the necessary compli...
Prolonged QT Syndrome in Newborn Diagnostic Dilemma

Introduction: Long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the SCN5A gene, which encodes the cardiac sodium channel Nav1.51. Mutations result in a pathological increase in late sodium current leading to delayed ventricular repolarization, torsade de pointes and sudden death(1). To the best of our knowledge, LQT3 has not been associated with manifestations including metabolic abnormalities during the newborn period. Case Report Patient presented on day seven of life with lethargy, hypotonia, hypothermia, and respiratory distress to his primary pediatrician. He was …
Frailty in Lung Transplantation - Candidate Assessment and Optimization

The concept of frailty has gained considerable interest in clinical solid organ transplantation over the past decade. Frailty as a phenotypic construct to describe a patient's risk from biologic stresses, has an impact on posttransplant survival. There is keen interest in characterizing frailty in lung transplantation, both to determine which patients are suitable candidates for listing and also to prepare for their care in the aftermath of lung transplantation. Here we review the current status of research on frailty in lung transplant candidates and recipients. This review will highlight areas of uncertainty for frailty in clinical lung transplantation which are likely to impact the state-of-the-art in the field for the next decade.
Chinese Higher Education and the Quest for Autonomy: One Step Backward

China’s quest for autonomy took a step backward as leaders of the Communist Party amended the bylaws at several postsecondary institutions. China’s restrictions on freedom do not stop at its border and scholars within and visiting the country encounter increased surveillance and scrutiny. This paper explores China's continued interference in postsecondary autonomy.
Parent-child relationship quality and adolescent health: Testing the differential susceptibility and diathesis-stress hypotheses in African American youths.

This study tested two competing models of differential susceptibility and diathesis-stress in a prospective longitudinal study of African American youths (N = 935). It examined whether individual variations in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis at age 11 interact with middle childhood parent-child relationship quality to predict mental and physical health problems in adolescence (ages 11-15 years old). Adolescent boys with lower levels of cortisol reactivity to laboratory challenges had the highest levels of internalizing problems if they experienced a high conflictual relationship with their parents. Equally low-reactive boys, however, reported the lowest number of physical illnesses if their relationship with their parents was characterized by high levels of intimacy and support.
A forest reconstruction model to assess changes to Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forest during the fire suppression era

Abstract Fire suppression has resulted in dramatic changes to species composition and structural diversity in the Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. We need a better understanding of how these forests have changed during the fire suppression era, but empirical historical datasets are rare and methodologies for developing new historical reference information are subject to limitations. We sought to develop historical reference information for the Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot (YFDP), a research plot located in an old-growth mixed-conifer forest in Yosemite National Park. We performed a dendrochronologial fire history analysis to characterize the historical fire regime of the YFDP, resulting in an estimated pre-1900 point fire return interval of 29.5 years. We then developed two different forest reconstruction models to estimate structural and compositional forest changes since 1900, the year the last widespread fire burned the YFDP, to the present. We explored the use of two different tree growth models—a regionally parameterized competition-dependent model and a parsimonious site-specific model—as well as a decay model based on published estimates of wood decay rates. The competition-dependent growth model predicted slightly higher stem densities (175 trees ha−1 vs. 112 trees ha−1 in 1900) and slightly lower basal area (20.9 m2 ha−1 vs. 24.1 m2 ha−1 in 1900) than the site-specific growth model. Predictions about dead trees, especially large diameter sugar pines, are potentially inaccurate, both in this study and other reconstruction studies in the Sierra Nevada, due to a lack of size-specific snag and log decay rate data. Our study highlights the need for more detailed decay data for Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. While reconstruction models are constrained by the data used to parameterize them, they can still produce estimates of historical conditions that are useful for understanding the direction and magnitude of forest change, as well as for planning forest management. Our analysis demonstrates dramatic changes in forest conditions since fire-exclusion—a clear ecological basis for restoration. We encourage managers to focus on restoring key ecological processes that maintain ecosystem structure and function, in this case fire, rather than attempting tree-for-tree recreations of historical structure without reintroducing fire.
If You’re an Engineer, You’re Probably a Utilitarian

The nature of utilitarianism is described and discussed in regard to engineers' preference of utilitarianism over other ethical theories. The advantages and disadvantages of this attitude are discussed. Theoretical and practical problems in utilitarianism are considered. Some recommendations are made to rectify these problems, which are inherent in utilitarian theory.
II. REsearch in the delivery of female health care: what shall be the role of the university department of obstetrics and gynecology?

Abstract The purpose of this report is to relate a single experience as it involves one concerned with relationships between various parties involved in health care—in particular, family planning. The presentation of this material points up problems. They have implication at Federal, regional, state, and local levels. We conclude that until mechanisms for coping with same are devised, the implementation and effectiveness of programs conceived to meet urgent national priorities can be seriously jeopardized.
Teaching International Understanding

(1957). Teaching International Understanding. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 9, pp. 10-11.
Feature selection based on inference correlation

Feature selection is a critical preprocessing step in machine learning. It contributes to cost-effective model building and improvement of model prediction performance. Generally, a feature selection algorithm requires a dependency measure and a search strategy. Extant dependency measures are mostly based on pair-wise correlation analysis, which cannot detect feature interaction. To overcome this problem, we developed a unified dependency criterion called inference correlation. The inference correlation between a set of predictor variables and a response variable can be efficiently calculated. The variables could be discrete, continuous, or mixed. Therefore, inference correlation can be applied to select features for both classification and regression problems. A feature selection algorithm using sequential floating forward search based on inference correlation is presented. Experiments of the algorithm on synthetic datasets and real-world problems confirm the effectiveness of the feature selection approach when compared to extant feature selection methods.
Microcomputer Authoring Systems: Valuable Tools for Health Educators

Writing courseware with the aid of an authoring system is a bold step that can bring together the health education content expert and the power of the microcomputer. The microcomputer can be programmed to present essential knowledge to students in a low pressure setting, specifically geared to their levels of comprehension and rates of progression. Microcomputer-based simulations and patient management problems seem suited to the task helping students develop adequate problem-solving skills in health education (Lewis, 1983; Peterson, 1984). Furthermore, many lecture hours can be replaced by an infinitely patient tutor with which students can interact at their convenience. Creating self-study materials delivered via microcomputer is also a step toward providing the most effective type of learning experiences for individual students. Despite the fact that putting authoring systems in the hands of well-informed content specialists may meet a number of pressing needs in health education, there is one drawback. Authoring systems have a built-in pedagogical structure that, to some extent, dictates the design of the lesson. However, spending time in the evaluation process prior to purchase will enable educators to identify a system that can be used to develop courseware that very closely matches the desires of the author. Integrating microcomputer courseware into health education courses is certainly an attractive solution to some of the educational problems faced in health education today. An authoring system can be used to develop courseware that can substituted for lectures on basic concepts. In addition, students will have more opportunities to develop the ability to apply, in problem-solving situations, the factual knowledge they are learning before they are responsible for making judgments in real-life situations. The time is ripe, then, for health educators to investigate how authoring systems can help them utilize the technology of the microcomputer to improve health education.
Histone Deimination As a Response to Inflammatory Stimuli in Neutrophils

Posttranslational modifications, such as the deimination of arginine to citrulline by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD4), change protein structure and function. For autoantigens, covalent modifications represent a mechanism to sidestep tolerance and stimulate autoimmunity. To examine conditions leading to histone deimination in neutrophils, we used Abs that detect citrullines in the N terminus of histone H3. Deimination was investigated in human neutrophils and HL-60 cells differentiated into granulocytes. We observed rapid and robust H3 deimination in HL-60 cells exposed to LPS, TNF, lipoteichoic acid, f-MLP, or hydrogen peroxide, which are stimuli that activate neutrophils. Importantly, we also observed H3 deimination in human neutrophils exposed to these stimuli. Citrullinated histones were identified as components of extracellular chromatin traps (NETs) produced by degranulating neutrophils. In contrast, apoptosis proceeded without detectable H3 deimination in HL-60 cells exposed to staurosporine or camptothecin. We conclude that histone deimination in neutrophils is induced in response to inflammatory stimuli and not by treatments that induce apoptosis. Our results further suggest that deiminated histone H3, a covalently modified form of a prominent nuclear autoantigen, is released to the extracellular space as part of the neutrophil response to infections. The possible association of a modified autoantigen with microbial components could, in predisposed individuals, increase the risk of autoimmunity.
Estrogen metabolism in normal and neoplastic endometrium

Abstract Studies on normal endometrium at different phases of the menstrual cycle have shown that progesterone and synthetic progestins reduce the levels of estradiol receptors in the tissue and increase the activity of estradiol-17β-dehydrogenase, an enzyme that converts estradiol to estrone. These effects may account for the antiestrogenic characteristics of the progestins. Similar effects were obtained in some postmenopausal patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma treated for two to 10 days with oral medroxyprogesterone acetate. These results point to the potential usefulness of a short-term, in vivo biochemical test which, combined with histologic observations, may identify patients who are likely to respond to treatment with progestins.
The Double Binds of Our Bodies: Multiculturally-Informed Feminist Therapy Considerations for Body Image and Eating Disorders Among Asian American Women

SUMMARY In the dominant culture of the United States (U.S.), Asian American women contend with racial and gender-specific stereotypes that relate specifically to the images of the Asian American woman's body. Recent literature on the body image and eating disorders of Asian American women reveals that beyond the issues of body shape, weight, and traditional diagnoses, issues of racism, racially specific parts of the body, and eating disturbance beyond the traditional diagnostic categories may hold significance. A review of the literature and multiculturally-informed feminist therapy approaches to addressing issues of body image and eating disorders among Asian American women are presented.
Combinatorics of character formulas for the lie superalgebra \mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}\left( {m,n} \right)

Let \( \mathfrak{g} \) be the Lie superalgebra \( \mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}\left( {m,n} \right) \). Algorithms for computing the composition factors and multiplicities of Kac modules for \( \mathfrak{g} \) were given by the second author, [12] and by J. Brundan [1]. We give a combinatorial proof of the equivalence between the two algorithms. The proof uses weight and cap diagrams introduced by Brundan and C. Stroppel, and cancelations between paths in a graph \( \mathcal{G} \) defined using these diagrams. Each vertex of \( \mathcal{G} \) corresponds to a highest weight of a finite dimensional simple module, and each edge is weighted by a nonnegative integer. If \( \mathcal{E} \) is the subgraph of \( \mathcal{G} \) obtained by deleting all edges of positive weight, then \( \mathcal{E} \) is the graph that describes nonsplit extensions between simple highest weight modules. We also give a procedure for finding the composition factors of any Kac module, without cancelation. This procedure leads to a second proof of the main result.
High-speed high-precision analog rank order filter in CMOS technology

A new scheme for analog rank order filtering based on analog buffers is presented. This scheme is characterized by high-speed, high-precision and simple circuit architectures. The overall architecture exhibits linear complexity with number of inputs (O(n)) at the rate of one buffer per input. Rank is easily programmable with tail current source for all rank order values from the max to the min case and its precision does not depend on the accuracy of the current copy. Simulation results are presented that verify functionality and accuracy of the proposed circuit.
Good morning Cedar Rapids. Do you have audio? Reflections on teaching a university distance education course

Distance learning provides an alternative pedagogical environment for disseminating university coursework to nontraditional students working in industry. As the instructor of a distance education course, the author has faced many challenges, disasters and triumphs. He finds distance instruction to be an extremely enriching teaching experience. He believes it has positively changed his teaching style. He also firmly believes that as technology advances, distance education courses will be adopted as a viable method of degree conferring. Instructors need to be prepared to teach distance education classes, and to face the demographic profiles that define the distance education student. This paper provides a glimpse inside one computer engineering course offered by Iowa State University, USA, as part of a new distance-based BSc. electrical engineering curriculum.
Online feature selection using grafting

In the standard feature selection problem, we are given a fixed set of candidate features for use in a learning problem, and must select a subset that will be used to train a model that is "as good as possible" according to some criterion. In this paper, we present an interesting and useful variant, the online feature selection problem, in which, instead of all features being available from the start, features arrive one at a time. The learner's task is to select a subset of features and return a corresponding model at each time step which is as good as possible given the features seen so far. We argue that existing feature selection methods do not perform well in this scenario, and describe a promising alternative method, based on a stagewise gradient descent technique which we call grafting.
Insight into the biogenesis of tax nuclear speckles using comparative interactome analysis

HTLV-1 Tax protein displays pleotropic activities that regulate many aspects of virus biology, host-pathogen interaction and disease development. Tax performs these various functions via protein-protein interactions and sub cellular compartmentalization appears to regulate which activities are engaged. We previously identified a novel nuclear body, Tax Speckled Structures (TSS), the biogenesis of which supports the sequestration of cellular DNA Damage Response factors by Tax to chromatin. To identify cellular proteins that drive localization of Tax to chromatin “speckles”, we conducted a Comparative Interactome Analysis of Tax and a Tax mutant missing the TSS localization signal (Tax-TSLS). Tandem affinity tagged Tax and mutant proteins were expressed in eukaryotic cells. Cytoplasmic, nuclear and chromatin fractions were generated and protein interactomes isolated by affinity purification. Those proteins that preferentially bound full-length Tax over Tax-TSLS were defined as the TSLS-specific interactome. Quantitative Ultra-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry was employed to establish the most comprehensive map of Tax-interacting proteins to date. We employed bioinformatics approaches to compare Tax interactomes and identify the functional pathways and interaction networks unique to proteins that bound the TSLS-defined region. The top functional networks for proteins that bound to the TSLS were involved in chromosomal alignment, congression, segregation, remodeling and modification. The overwhelming majority were known components of four chromatin functional super-complexes condensin I, kinesin, SWI/SNF and NURF. We also examined the protein interactions that were shared by full length and mutant Tax. These included significant interaction with DNA damage, cell cycle check point, NFkB signaling, and protein sorting pathways. A comparative analysis between the sub cellular fractions revealed that DNA damage and checkpoint signaling interactions were enriched in the nucleus/chromatin. These results demonstrate that Tax initiates TSS through binding of chromatin complexes and bridges the recruitment of DNA damage response and checkpoint signaling proteins.
Effects of Parental Divorce on God Image Among Young Adults at a Christian University

We used path analysis to investigate the impact of parental divorce on God image, mediated by father–child and mother–child attachments, among 178 college students at a Christian university. Findings revealed that parental divorce negatively impacts father–child attachment; however, father–child attachment does not impact God image. Instead, the quality of mother–child attachment, which does not seem to be influenced by parental divorce, best predicts the development of a healthy God image. Thus, preliminary findings elucidated that parental divorce undermines the quality of attachment between father and child but not mother and child, and mother–child attachment ultimately influences God image. Further research is needed to replicate and generalize these preliminary findings.
Scale and sustainability

Geographical scale is a factor in interactions between climate change and sustainable development, because of varying spatial dynamics of key processes and because of varying scales at which decision-making is focused. In a world where the meaning of ‘global’ and ‘local’ is being reshaped by technological and social change, a challenge to sustainable development is realizing the impressive, but often elusive, potentials for climate-change-related actions at different scales to be complementary and reinforcing. Climate change adaptation is suggested as an example.
Indwelling interscalene catheter use in an outpatient setting for shoulder surgery: Technique, efficacy, and complications

Indwelling interscalene catheters are utilized for inpatient postoperative pain control after shoulder surgery. Improved medical equipment and advanced techniques may allow safe and efficacious outpatient use. One hundred and forty-four consecutive indwelling interscalene catheter placements were reviewed to determine adverse events, complications, and efficacy. Real-time ultrasound-guided catheter placement technique is described. Post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) narcotic consumption and last recorded pain score were reviewed to gauge efficacy. The catheter placement technique was 98% successful. There were 14 (9.7%) minor adverse events including inadequate analgesia (8), accidental catheter removal (4) of disconnection (1), and shortness of breath (1). The single complication (0.7%) was a small apical pneumothorax. The average PACU narcotic consumption in intravenous morphine equivalents was 1.7 mg. The average last recorded PACU pain score on a scale of 1 to 10 was 0.6. Catheter placement under real-time ultrasound guidance is accurate. Outpatient use of indwelling interscalene catheters is safe and efficacious.
The Effectiveness Literature on CA.I/CALL and Computing: Implications of the Research for Limited English Proficient Learners

lessons. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann Educational Books. Hernindez-Chaivez, E. (1984). The inadequacy of English immersion education as an educational approach for language minority students in the United States. In Studies on immersion education (pp. 144-181). Sacramento: California State Department of Education. Johnson, D. (1983). Natural language learning by design: A classroom experiment in social interaction and second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 17, 5568.
Efficacy of Chlorine Dioxide as a Disinfectant for Bacillus Spores in Drinking-Water Biofilms

This paper presents results describing the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide penetration into a drinking-water distribution system biofilm/corrosion matrix and decontamination of adhered Bacillus globigii spores, a surrogate for Bacillus anthracis. Biofilm and corrosion products were developed using biofilm annular reactors containing oxidized scaled, iron coupons. Reactors were inoculated with B. globigii spores after biofilm development, and decontamination was undertaken with bulk-phase chlorine dioxide concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 25 mg/L. Initial biofilm viable B. globigii spore densities of 106 CFU/cm2 were reduced to 50 to 300 CFU/cm2 at chlorine dioxide concentrations of 25 and 15 mg/L, respectively, within 6 days. B. globigii spore distribution throughout the biofilm/corrosion matrix depth and the change in viable spore count during chlorine dioxide disinfection were examined using a microslicing technique. Four layers of 360 μm thickness were sliced, and these showed that B. globigii spo...
Polymerization of organic compounds in an electrodeless glow discharge. VII. A fluid mechanic aspect of plasma and its effect on the polymer deposition rate

The deposition rate of polymer from plasma of an organic compound is influenced by the fluid mechanical aspect of plasma. Using cylindrical reactors which have constriction of various size, and utilizing the tail-flame portion of inductively coupled r.f. (13.5 MHz) glow discharge, it is demonstrated that the polymer deposition rate is proportional to the ratio of surface area/volume of the reactor tube, which has been often neglected in studies of polymer deposition rate.
Predation and the Control of the Sea Urchin Echinometra viridis and Fleshy Algae in the Patch Reefs of Glovers Reef, Belize

The massive reduction in sea urchin Diadema antillarum populations since the mid-1980s has been associated with large increases in the abundance of fleshy algae on many Caribbean reefs despite the availability of other sea urchin and finfish grazers. This study examined the ecology of a grazer living sympatrically with D. antillarum, the common and abundant sea urchin Echinometra viridis. I examined the role that finfish and invertebrate predators play in controlling the distribution of E. viridis as well as the ability of this sea urchin to control exposed fleshy algae on the patch reefs of the Glovers Reef Atoll lagoon. I found that the major predators of this sea urchin were Calamus bajonado (jolthead porgy), Balistes vetula and Canthidermis sufflamen (queen and ocean triggerfish), Lachnolaimus maximus (hogfish), and a gastropod, probably Cassis madagascariensis. The abundance of E. viridis is constrained by predation, which restricts E. viridis to cryptic locations, such as crevices. Sea urchins bit a smaller percentage of experimental algal assays than finfish. Finfish herbivory was associated positively with patch reef topographic complexity. Unexpectedly, E. viridis abundance was positively correlated with fleshy algal abundance, but negatively correlated with the frequency of finfish bites. Predators restrict E. viridis to crevices and therefore reduce their influence on exposed fleshy algae, even at moderately high population densities (up to 10 per square meter). Since net benthic primary production of coral reefs is most strongly associated with herbivory on exposed surfaces, it would appear that E. viridis is unable to maintain the same production as reefs dominated by D. antillarum.
Phospholipids showing complex bilayer phase transitions. II. Four sulfur-containing phosphatidylcholines.

The main phase transitions of aqueous dispersions of four synthetic phosphatidylcholines (PCs) containing sulfur atoms in thioester and thioether linkages have been studied by high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transition enthalpies ranged from 7.4 to 10.3 kcal mol-1, with values for tm, the temperature of maximal excess heat capacity, in the range 38.0 to 40.8 degrees C. The corresponding values for dipalmitoyl PC (DPPC) are 8.5 kcal mol-1 and 41.7 degrees C. Curve fitting required the sum of from one to four two-state components to give an accurate representation of the observed DSC curves. Comparison of the results given here with those reported by B.Z. Chowdhry, G. Lipka, J. Hajdu and J.M. Sturtevant, (1984) Biochemistry 23, 2044-2049, for PCs containing amide, ether or carbamoyl linkages in place of the usual ester bonds shows that small changes in organic structure can result in large changes in thermotropic behavior. The complexity in the cases showing more than a single two-state component is presumably due to a series of sequential cooperative transitions the character of which is at present unknown.
Phase transitions and size scaling of membrane-less organelles.

The coordinated growth of cells and their organelles is a fundamental and poorly understood problem, with implications for processes ranging from embryonic development to oncogenesis. Recent experiments have shed light on the cell size–dependent assembly of membrane-less cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic structures, including ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules and other intracellular bodies. Many of these structures behave as condensed liquid-like phases of the cytoplasm/nucleoplasm. The phase transitions that appear to govern their assembly exhibit an intrinsic dependence on cell size, and may explain the size scaling reported for a number of structures. This size scaling could, in turn, play a role in cell growth and size control.
An Exploratory Study of Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs) Needed in Undergraduate Hospitality Curriculums in the Convention Industry

The convention industry continues to suffer from a lack of qualified professionals; a phenomenon which persists due to increasing demand for personnel as a result of more meeting facilities, a growing number of events held annually, and the aging of current employees. The high costs associated with hiring and training new employees makes convention firms hesitant to employ inexperienced individuals. Recent college graduates often fall into this category as they have limited work experience and field knowledge. This study was designed to articulate the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for students to be successful in convention management positions. Results of the data analysis yielded five pillars of human resource needs in the convention industry; notably: planning skills, professionalism, work ethic, personality traits, and self management. Details of these pillars are presented, along with recommendations for future research.
Changes in chronic mental patients' interview behavior: Effects of differential treatment and management☆

Abstract Changes in chronic mental patients' apparent level of functioning as a function of (a) a 2-yr differential institutional treatment history (response-contingent vs noncontingent experiences) and (b) a prompt for a valued consequence awarded contingent upon improved interview behavior (prompt for impression management) were assessed with standardized interview assessment instruments. A 2 × 2 design with four groups of 10 S s each was used. Group equation, rater blinds, interrater reliabilities, and power of experimental manipulations were documented. Correlational analyses suggested that responsiveness to prompting was positively related to level of functioning. These analyses, along with group comparisons, suggested that neither recent treatment history nor positive “impression management” instructions had much effect on the interview behavior of chronic mental patients who functioned very poorly.
The role of copper pretreatment on the morphology of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition

Display Omitted High quality graphene is obtained when grown on electropolished copper using CVD.Electropolishing ensures large reduction in defect density and roughness of copper.The graphene layer on copper significantly reduces the corrosion rate of copper. The effect of pretreatment of copper on the ensuing morphology and surface coverage of graphene grown using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been investigated. Specifically, graphene grown on electropolished copper (EP-Cu) was analyzed with respect to its surface morphology, surface roughness and thickness, and compared with graphene grown on as cold-rolled acetic acid cleaned copper (AA-Cu). Results show an improvement in the quality of graphene obtained using EP-Cu over AA-Cu. Additionally, electrochemical polarization studies were performed on annealed and graphene coated EP-Cu in acidic solutions. The results indicate that corrosion inhibition of EP-Cu is possible through the use of graphene films.
The development of empowerment in reading instruction in eight elementary teachers

Abstract This paper describes a qualitative study of eight teachers identified as empowered or having become more empowered. The study focuses upon influences on and the developmental process of teacher empowerment. Findings demonstrated that gaining empowerment is a spiraling process in which teachers reach a point at which there is the realization that change is needed, then seek knowledge through professional training programs and experiences, and apply this new knowledge in making instructional changes in the classroom. Success in making changes leads to increased levels of confidence, and often, these changes lead to leadership roles which further enhance teacher confidence.
Radiative drying model of porous materials

A transient one dimensional first principles model is developed for the drying of a porous material (paper) that includes both heat and mass transfer. All three modes of heat transfer are considered; conduction, convection and radiation. The conduction is assumed to be in one dimension, through the porous material. The convection is assumed to exist only at the surface as a boundary condition. The radiation is assumed to be a volumetric phenomenon, so that the material internally absorbs, emits, and scatters energy. The absorption and scattering coefficients are spectrally dependent. Furthermore, the material is considered to have a non-unity refractive index with diffuse surfaces. In the mass transfer it is assumed that water exists in three phases: bound, free and vapor. The results provide profiles within the material for each moisture phase, temperature, and pressure and the effect of radiation on these distributions.
Influence Costs, Structural Inertia, and Organizational Change

This paper builds an economic model of the relationship between influence activity and resistance to change in organizations. I show that influence activity can create harmful barriers to change and that the influence costs of change are positively related to the firm's prospects. The model rationalizes the widely held view that firms often must endure a survival-threatening crisis before meaningful change can be achieved. I show that employees' choices of whether to engage in influence activity can depend on their beliefs as to whether the firm will choose to change its organizational form. If employees expect change, their best response is to try to affect the form of the change in their favor.
Seminar: safe concurrent programming in Java with CSP

We present methods for safe and correct programming for concurrent threads in Java. The methods are based on the principles of Concurrent Sequential Processes (CSP). We demonstrate the use of tools which provide the structure of CSP within Java to avoid some of the pitfalls of multithreaded programming using monitors, the primitive synchronization tool in Java. Several examples illustrate the use of these tools.
Real-time observation of the vibration of a single adsorbed molecule.

The newly developed femtosecond field emission camera was used to observe the time dependence of field emission through a single copper phthalocyanine molecule adsorbed on a tungsten tip. In many of the individual 212-picosecond-long recordings, the field emission was found to oscillate with a frequency between 5 x 10 10 and 20 x 10 10 hertz. The oscillations, which were not observed from a bare tip, are believed to arise from the vibration of a single molecule with respect to the surface. Numerical simulations confirmed the statistical significance of the data.
Spatial and temporal variability of Alexandrium cyst fluxes in the Gulf of Maine: Relationship to seasonal particle export and resuspension

Quantification of Alexandrium cyst fluxes through the Gulf of Maine water column is central to understanding the linkage between the source and fate of annual Alexandrium blooms in the offshore waters. These blooms often lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and extensive closures of shellfish beds. We report here on time-series sediment trap deployments completed at four offshore locations in the gulf between 2005 and 2010 as components of two ECOHAB–GOM field programs. Data presented documents the substantial spatial and temporal fluctuations in Alexandrium fundyense cyst fluxes in the gulf. Cyst delivery out of the euphotic zone peaked primarily between July and August following annual spring–summer Alexandrium blooms and was greatest in the western gulf. At all sites, cyst flux maxima to the subsurface waters were rarely coincident with seasonal peaks in the total mass export of particulate material indicating that cyst delivery was primarily via individually sinking cysts. Where persistent benthic nepheloid layers (BNLs) exist, significant sediment resuspension input of cysts to the near-bottom water column was evidenced by deep cyst fluxes that were up to several orders of magnitude greater than that measured above the BNL. The largest cyst fluxes in the BNL were observed in the eastern gulf, suggesting greater resuspension energy and BNL cyst inventories in this region. Temporal similarities between peak cyst export out of the upper ocean and peak cyst fluxes in the BNL were observed and document the contribution of seasonal, newly formed cysts to the BNL. The data however also suggest that many Alexandrium cells comprising the massive, short-lived blooms do not transition into cysts. Time-series flow measurements and a simple 1D model demonstrate that the BNL cyst fluxes reflect the combined effects of tidal energy-maintained resuspension, deposition, and input of cysts from the overlying water column.