cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ca2+ entry mediated by store depletion, S-nitrosylation, and TRP3 channels. Comparison of coupling and function.

Abstract The mechanism for coupling between Ca2+ stores and store-operated channels (SOCs) is an important but unresolved question. SOC-mediated Ca2+ entry is complex and may reflect more than one type of channel and coupling mechanism. To assess such possible divergence the function and coupling of SOCs was compared with two other distinct yet related Ca2+ entry mechanisms. SOC coupling in DDT1MF-2 smooth muscle cells was prevented by the permeant inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor blockers, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and xestospongin C. In contrast, Ca2+ entry induced by S-nitrosylation and potentiated by store depletion (Ma, H-T., Favre, C. J., Patterson, R. L., Stone, M. R., and Gill, D. L. (1999)J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35318–35324) was unaffected by 2-APB, suggesting that this entry mechanism is independent of InsP3 receptors. The cycloalkyl lactamimide, MDL-12,330A (MDL), prevented SOC activation (IC50 10 μm) and similarly completely blockedS-nitrosylation-mediated Ca2+ entry. Ca2+ entry mediated by the TRP3 channel stably expressed in HEK293 cells was activated by phospholipase C-coupled receptors but independent of Ca2+ store depletion (Ma, H.-T., Patterson, R. L., van Rossum, D. B., Birnbaumer, L., Mikoshiba, K., and Gill, D. L. (2000) Science 287, 1647–1651). Receptor-induced TRP3 activation was 2-APB-sensitive and fully blocked by MDL. Direct stimulation of TRP3 channels by the permeant diacylglycerol derivative, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, was not blocked by 2-APB, but was again prevented by MDL. The results indicate that although the activation and coupling processes for each of the three entry mechanisms are distinct, sensitivity to MDL is a feature shared by all three mechanisms, suggesting there may be a common structural feature in the channels themselves or an associated regulatory component.
Dissipative structure theory, synergetics, and their implications for the management of information systems

Dissipative structure theory and synergetics have far-reaching implications for self-organizing phenomena in many diverse fields. This article attempts to apply them in the management of information systems. It begins with a brief review of dissipative structure theory and synergetics, and then demonstrates why they could be applied in information systems. Orderliness is pervasive and of central importance in the operation of information systems. Information science can be regarded as a science about knowledge ordering with the goal of making information more accessible to potential users. Five types of entropy in information systems are analyzed. The relationship between dissipative structure theory and traditional management theories are also discussed. Implications for the management of information systems include: maintaining the system in the state of non-equilibrium, openness towards change, stimulating dynamic cooperative behavior, and selectively amplifying fluctuation. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Plant mitochondrial genome evolution can be explained by DNA repair mechanisms

Plant mitochondrial genomes are notorious for their large and variable size, nonconserved open reading frames of unknown function, and high rates of rearrangement. Paradoxically, the mutation rates are very low. However, mutation rates can only be measured in sequences that can be aligned—a very small part of plant mitochondrial genomes. Comparison of the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana allows the alignment of noncoding as well as coding DNA and estimation of the mutation rates in both. A recent chimeric duplication is also analyzed. A hypothesis is proposed that the mechanisms of plant mitochondrial DNA repair account for these features and includes different mechanisms in transcribed and nontranscribed regions. Within genes, a bias toward gene conversion would keep measured mutation rates low, whereas in noncoding regions, break-induced replication (BIR) explains the expansion and rearrangements. Both processes are types of double-strand break repair, but enhanced second-strand capture in transcribed regions versus BIR in nontranscribed regions can explain the two seemingly contradictory features of plant mitochondrial genome evolution—the low mutation rates in genes and the striking expansions of noncoding sequences.
Technological novelty and open‐endedness: Two characteristics of interactive exhibits that contribute to the holding of visitor attention in a science museum

This study was undertaken to isolate characteristics of interactive exhibits that are partic- ularly effective in attracting and holding the attention of visitors in a science museum. Forty-seven visitors were tracked through two adjacent exhibitions, comprising a total of 61 interactive exhibits. Four exhibit characteristics were identified and examined: technological novelty, user-centeredness, sensory stimula- tion, and open-endedness. Regression analyses show that two of these characteristics, technological novelty and open-endedness, help to account for the variance in average visitor holding time; these characteristics have positive correlations with the amount of time spent by visitors at exhibits. Nonsignificant results are explained in terms of mitigating environmental and exhibit-related factors. In addition, topics for future study are suggested. 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 121-137, 2003
DDS-Suite - A Dynamic Data Acquisition, Processing, and Analysis System for Wind Tunnel Testing

Wind Tunnels have optimized their steady-state data systems for acquisition and analysis and even implemented large dynamic-data acquisition systems, however development of near real-time processing and analysis tools for dynamic-data have lagged. DDS-Suite is a set of tools used to acquire, process, and analyze large amounts of dynamic data. Each phase of the testing process: acquisition, processing, and analysis are handled by separate components so that bottlenecks in one phase of the process do not affect the other, leading to a robust system. DDS-Suite is capable of acquiring 672 channels of dynamic data at a rate of 275 MB / s. More than 300 channels of the system use 24-bit analog-to-digital cards that are capable of producing data with less than 0.002o of phase difference at 1 kHz. System architecture, design philosophy, and examples of use during NASA Constellation and Fundamental Aerodynamic tests are discussed.
Determinants of various aspects of smoking behaviour in the United States

Using state-level data for the United States, this study uniquely examines the effects of cigarette prices and income on seven dimensions of smoking behaviour. Results show that income-based policies are relatively more effective than price- or tax-based policies. Smokers considering quitting smoking respond in expected ways to changing cigarette prices and income. Strong habit effects in most cases stress the need for early intervention programmes.
Computer simulation of two electrophoretic columns coupled for isoelectric focusing in simple buffers

Computer simulation is used to analyze a system of two electrophoretic columns coupled by mixing the anolyte of one with the catholyte of the other. A mathematical model is presented which is used to predict the pH gradients formed by monovalent buffers in this system, when the currents in the columns are unequal. In the column with the higher current a pH gradient is created which increases from anode to cathode and is potentially useful for isoelectric focusing. The breadth of this gradient is dependent upon the ratio of the currents. The function of the second column is the compensation of buffer migration which occurs in the first column, thereby maintaining constant electrolyte composition. The effects of buffer pKs and mobilities are evaluated.
Inventory Control in Directed Networks: A Note on Linear Costs

We consider periodic review inventory control problems in directed networks, primary examples of which are distribution systems and assembly systems. External demand could occur at each node. When inventory is insufficient to meet requirements at a node, a portion of this demand is backordered and the remaining is lost. External demands, as well as lead times for inventory purchase, assembly, and transportation, are stochastic. In each period, linear sales revenues and the following costs, all linear, are charged at each node: (a) inventory purchase/assembly/transfer cost to receive inventory, (b) holding cost, (c) backorder cost, and (d) lost sales cost. When the objective function of interest is a discounted sum of profits over a finite planning horizon, it is shown that the sales prices and the inventory purchase/assembly/transfer cost parameters can be assumed to be zero without loss of generality. The result is proved for every realization of demands and lead times. Some extensions to these results are discussed. During this process, we also generalize the concept of echelon inventories to directed networks.
Reliance Corporation: Inventory Write‐Downs and Reversals

Reliance Corporation, a leading manufacturer of analog and mixed signal products and high performance memory products, experienced a significant downturn in 2004, resulting in a substantial inventory write‐down of the memory products inventory. This case requires you to examine the issues of inventory valuation and disclosures and managerial motivations in managing earnings. A recovery of inventory values in the first quarter of 2005 provides a setting for evaluating subsequent financial statement reporting and for understanding the importance of ethics in financial reporting decisions. This case also provides you with an opportunity to research accounting literature, apply an accounting standard to a realistic setting, appreciate the judgments involved in financial reporting decisions, and understand difficulties in the evaluation of materiality.
A transtheoretical, case management approach to the treatment of pediatric obesity.

Objective:The percentage of obese children in the United States has increased dramatically over the past three decades, particularly among ethnic/ racial minorities. This study sought to examine the impact of a clinical case-management intervention based upon the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to reduce obesity and increase physical activity in children.Methods:Nineteen obese African-American children ages 8-12 were recruited from two pediatric clinics and were randomized to either a 12-week intervention group or a control group. Dependent variables included body mass index (BMI) percentile, physical activity, and stage of change for the child and parent.Results:In comparison to the control group, the intervention group demonstrated significant decreases in BMI and improvements in daily vigorous physical activity. The children in the intervention group demonstrated movement toward action/maintenance stages of change.Conclusions:A 12-week TTM-based case management intervention can have a favorable impact on ...
Fixed and Random Effects Selection in Linear and Logistic Models

We address the problem of selecting which variables should be included in the fixed and random components of logistic mixed effects models for correlated data. A fully Bayesian variable selection is implemented using a stochastic search Gibbs sampler to estimate the exact model-averaged posterior distribution. This approach automatically identifies subsets of predictors having nonzero fixed effect coefficients or nonzero random effects variance, while allowing uncertainty in the model selection process. Default priors are proposed for the variance components and an efficient parameter expansion Gibbs sampler is developed for posterior computation. The approach is illustrated using simulated data and an epidemiologic example.
Law‐making: from Bill to Act, a status passage

L'etude d'un cas en sociologie du droit - la legislation britannique concernant les aliments et les drogues de 1850 a 1900 - a ete utilisee pour etendre l'application de la theorie de Glaser et de Strauss sur les changements d'etats de personnes a des objets, specifiquement a des Actes parlementaires. Ceux-ci subissent egalement des changements d'etat qui a leur tour affectent les positions de personnes. Des agents actifs manipulent et controlent des objets passifs produisant des consequences voulues et non voulues pour les agents et pour ceux dont les situations sont determinees par les objets. Cinq concepts ont un role central dans la theorie: (1) la creation de bills; (2) la reversibilite qui oriente l'attention sur les incidents cruciaux, les conditions structurelles, et le pouvoir des agents qui peuvent empecher la transformation d'un bill en un Acte; (3) la temporalite, c'est-a-dire les aspects sequentiels du passage d'un bill a travers la procedure parlementaire; (4) la forme et le controle portant sur les conflits et les compromis entre agents; et (5) la desirabilite de la legislation et ses effets sur ceux qui sont controles. A case study in the sociology of law - British Food and Drug Legislation, 1850 to 1900 - has been used to extend the theory developed by Glaser and Strauss pertaining to status passages of persons to pertain to objects, specifically, parliamentary Acts. These also undergo status passages which, in turn, affect the statuses of persons. Active agents manipulate and control passive objects in ways that have intended and unintended consequences for the agents and for those whose statuses are determined by the objects. Five concepts are central to the theory building: (1) The creation of Bills; (2) reversibility, focusing on crucial incidents, structural conditions, and the power of agents to prevent the transformation of a Bill into an Act: (3) temporality, outlining the scheduled aspects of a Bill's passage through the parliamentary procedure: (4) shape and control, dealing with the conflicts and compromises among agents; and (5) desirability of the legislation and its effects on those to be controlled.
Type I receptors specify growth-inhibitory and transcriptional responses to transforming growth factor beta and activin.

Abstract Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and activin bind to receptor complexes that contain two distantly related transmembrane serine/threonine kinases known as receptor types I and II. The type II receptors determine ligand binding specificity, and each interacts with a distinct repertoire of type I receptors. Here we identify a new type I receptor for activin, ActR-IB, whose kinase domain is nearly identical to that of the recently cloned TGF-beta type I receptor, T beta R-I. ActR-IB has the structural and binding properties of a type I receptor: it binds activin only in the presence of an activin type II receptor and forms a heteromeric noncovalent complex with activin type II receptors. In Mv1Lu lung epithelial cells, ActR-IB and T beta R-I signal a common set of growth-inhibitory and transcriptional responses in association with their corresponding ligands and type II receptors. The transcriptional responses include elevated expression of fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Although T beta R-I and ActR-IB are nearly identical in their kinase domains (90% amino acid sequence identity), their corresponding type II receptor kinase domains are very different from each other (42% amino acid sequence identity). Therefore, signaling of a specific set of responses by TGF-beta and activin correlates with the presence of similar type I kinases in their complex. Indeed, other TGF-beta and activin type I receptors (TSR-I and ActR-I) whose kinase domains significantly diverge from those of T beta R-I and ActR-IB do not substitute as mediators of these growth-inhibitory and extracellular matrix transcriptional responses. Hence, we conclude that the type I receptor subunits are primary specifiers of signals sent by TGF-beta and activin receptor complexes.
Nonlinear Decoupling Control With Deadtime Compensation for Multirange Operation of Steam Power Plants

This brief focuses on the control of steam power plants using a nonlinear model-based controller with deadtime compensation that is efficient for narrow and wide power demand ranges. The variables to be controlled are the boiler pressure and the power generation. The challenge in controlling this system lies in the ability to overcome the strong nonlinear interactions that a power plant exhibits as well as the deadtime associated with fuel flow adjustment. The derived controller was tested for set point tracking as well as disturbance rejection cases, showing excellent performance and robustness.
ZYMOGENS AND COFACTORS OF BLOOD COAGULATION

Blood coagulation is a system in which a series of zymogens of serine proteases are sequentially activated. In this regard, there is little fundamental difference between coagulation and the activation of the homologous pancreatic zymogens. There are, however, several aspects unique to coagulation which are discussed in detail. These are (1) the requirement for a high-molecular-weight protein or lipoprotein cofactor for optimal reaction rates, (2) the requirement for membranes or a membrane-like surface which further distinguishes this system; (3) a metal ion requirement for most reactions (in contrast to the pancreatic serine proteases) relating to the content of the newly described amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in the four vitamin K-dependent proteins, regarding which recent data relating to the metal binding sites on prothrombin are discussed in detail; and (4) the uniqueness of the initiating reactions in comparison to those which activate the pancreatic zymogens, insofar as no enzyme corresponding to enterokinase has been identified. The implications of this phenomenon are analyzed with particular attention to the potential role of the endogenous activity of certain zymogens in initiating coagulation. The article deals finally with the specific problems attendant on analyzing a system in which many serine proteases lacking absolute specificity are generated and regulated.
The interaction effects of surgery and morphine treatment on neuroinflammation and cognitive function in aged rats

Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) refers to the constellation of cognitive changes ranging from feeling disoriented to having difficulty remembering events or sustaining attention, to dementia experienced most markedly by aged patients shortly following a surgical procedure. Laparotomy produces a potentiated cytokine response in the hippocampus, and long-term memory impairments lasting 4 days post-surgery in aged, but not young adult rats. Evidence suggests that longer lasting POCD in humans leads to more severe outcomes such as dementia. Therefore, to develop and study a more clinically relevant model of POCD, the current study examined the interaction effects of surgery and the postoperative administration of morphine, as it is the most common intervention for management of postoperative pain, and its chronic administration is known to induce robust neuroinflammation via its activation of Toll-like receptor 4. Results showed that rats that underwent surgery and received a 7-day course of morphine exhibited (a) a significant decline in contextual memory and (b) increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and markers of microglial sensitization 14 and 28 days post-surgery compared to rats that received laparotomy or morphine alone. These effects were specific to aged rats, as young adult rats were not affected at any of these timepoints. These data suggest that chronic postoperative morphine treatment may cause profound neuroinflammation and memory declines in aged populations.
Multiword Expressions in the Context of Statistical Machine Translation

Incorporating semantic information in the Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) framework is starting to gain some popularity in both the semantics and translation communities. In this paper, we present encouraging results obtained from experiments conducted on English to Arabic SMT system using static, dynamic, and hybrid integration of fine-grained Multiword Expression (MWE). We achieve an improvement up to 0.82 absolute BLEU score by integrating MWEs over a vanilla SMT system. We empirically show that different MWE types require different integration methods in the SMT framework.
Increased Erythropoietin Sensitivity After In Vitro Transformation of Hematopoietic Precursors by RNA Tumor Viruses

Two strains of Friend virus differ in their in vivo actions in that one strain induces anemia (FVA), while the other induces polycythemia (FVP). This study characterizes differences in the in vitro effects of these viruses on hematopoietic cells of (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 mice. Both variants induced erythroid bursts that proliferated and differentiated without added erythropoietin (EPO). However, while the bursts induced by FVP were well "hemoglobinized" (i.e., most cells contained hemoglobin), the cells of FVA-induced bursts contained little or no hemoglobin. The nonhemoglobinized bursts, induced by FVA, were established to be erythroid by cytochemistry, electron microscopy, and hormone sensitivity. FVA-induced cells appeared to be hypersensitive to EPO, since small concentrations of the hormone produced marked increases in hemoglobin production--even when the hormone was added to the culture 3 days post infection. Time-lapse photography documented that EPO stimulated hemoglobin synthesis in virally transformed cells rather than uninfected erythroid precursors. This observation of FVA-induced hypersensitivity prompted the reexamination of the hormone requirements of FVP-induced bursts--previously considered to be EPO-independent. Reduction of the serum in the cultures allowed the demonstration that FVP-induced erythroid cells also were hypersensitive to EPO. Thus FVA and FVP can be readily distinguished in vitro by the relative EPO sensitivity of virus-induced bursts. From these findings, a hypothesis is drawn: i.e., oncogenic transformation may result from increased sensitivity of progenitor cells for natural, physiologic regulators, and transformation is not necessarily accompanied by a block in differentiation. In addition, since hypersensitive virus-induced bursts could be recognized and picked from the cultures, these studies provide a method for obtaining highly purified erythroid precursors for the study of the regulation of terminal differentiation by EPO and other regulatory factors.
Community development through reconciliation tourism: The behind the Big House Program in Holly Springs, Mississippi

AbstractAmerica’s history of racial segregation has played a critical role in shaping what is publicly acknowledged, remembered, and preserved, and what is silenced or forgotten. Such issues shift into community challenges of recognizing and addressing the history of slavery while working in the context of heritage tourism. My role as observant-participator provides me a unique lens through which to explore how members of the Holly Springs, Mississippi, community address these issues through the Behind the Big House education program. In this article, I examine issues confronted as this community attempts to define its past in the present and create a more racially inclusive future, through reconciliation tourism.
Edward Feigenbaum

Edward Feigenbaum, the recipient of the 2013 Pioneer Award, is one of the founders of the field of artificial intelligence and has been one of its leaders for more than 50 years. He became aware of the birth of AI when he was an undergraduate at Carnegie Tech (later, Carnegie Mellon University). Continuing to graduate school there, he was mentored by Herbert Simon, and he also collaborated with Allen Newell. His career has taken him from Carnegie to the University of California, Berkeley, Stanford University, RAND, and the Pentagon. Feigenbaum has also authored and coedited several seminal AI books: Computers and Thought (1963), The Fifth Generation (1983), and the four-volume Handbook of Artificial Intelligence (1980s). In this interview, David Alan Grier and Feigenbaum talk about his career, his mentor Herbert Simon, and the development of AI.
Matching Individual and Job Complexity: Validation of Stratified Systems Theory:

Stratified systems theory holds that hierarchical differentiation of jobs in organizations differ systematically in their cognitive complexity requirements, and that managers perform most effectively and are happiest when their own complexity level matches that of their position. In the present study, the cognitive complexity level of 22 hotel managers was assessed, and their potential for promotion to Area Manager was evaluated. The relationship between the two was significant beyond .01. Of the seven who were actually promoted during a three-year period, all but two were high on complexity. One of the two low on complexity later was demoted.
Combined anteroposterior tibial tendon transfer in post-traumatic peroneal palsy.

Posterior tibial tendon transfer to the dorsum of the foot for correction of traumatic paralytic peroneal palsy is a well-accepted treatment option. A careful review of the literature reveals that the results of treatment in this specific patient group are not always encouraging. This paper reports the results of a combined anteroposterior tibial tendon transfer in nine patients with traumatic paralytic peroneal palsy who initially used an ankle-foot orthosis to ambulate. Percutaneous tendo achillis lengthening to correct fixed ankle equinus was performed in six of the patients. At a minimal 24-mo follow-up (range, 24–56), all nine patients were brace free and subjectively felt that the surgery was successful. While the surgery was initially planned to provide an active “tenodesis” of the ankle to resist passive ankle equinus during swing phase of gait, walking electromyography revealed “retraining” of the transferred posterior tibial muscle to function as an active swing-phase ankle dorsiflexor muscle in...
Adapting to Change and Uncertainty: CSE 25 Years After

Design cycles for rapidly-evolving systems such as information and communication technology (ICT) are too short to allow for long-term deliberation. We need means to learn about how people adapt to change and uncertainty and how complex systems behave. We also need to learn how to elicit and understand true expertise in work settings and make it useable for others. The value of cognitive systems engineering (CSE) lies in the ability to understand domain semantics, reveal expertise, and derive essential features for adaptive systems. Insights from cognitive researchers who have substantial firsthand experience with the study of human performance in complex, uncertain work settings demonstrate the current state of CSE and the potential for CSE to reveal how people adapt to change and uncertainty and how complex systems behave. This has implications for the development of resilient systems.
Interactions between Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera : formicidae), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Homoptera : aphididae), and the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes cresson (Hymenoptera : aphidiidae)

In the presence of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, adult emergence of the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes Cresson from laboratory colonies of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), was reduced. Parasitoids abandoned an attack when ants were within a few millimeters and searched elsewhere, increasing search time. However, the increased searching time in the laboratory was compensated by a reduction in parasitoids' resting time resulting in similar levels of parasitism between the controls and the ant-infested containers. A major effect of the red imported fire ant was the removal and destruction of parasitized aphids. Ants began detecting parasitized aphids 6 d after parasitization and removed them to the ant colony. Honeydew production was reduced in parasitized aphids by 6 d and they resembled starved aphids. However, in contrast to parasitized aphids, starved aphids were moved to healthy plants, when available.
Computational Studies on the Effects of Non-Linear Temperature Functions in Thermal Creep Membranes of Radiantly Driven Knudsen Compressors

Employing rarefied gas phenomenon of thermal creep (also known as thermal transpiration), Knudsen Compressor is a micro/meso-scale gas compressor/pump without moving parts. Driven by a temperature difference, gas molecules moved from the cold side of the thermal creep channel, which has a size less than the molecular mean free path, to the hot side of the channel. To utilize its low thermal conductivity and nanometer range size pores, carbon opacified aerogel membranes, treated as a bundle of thermal creep channels, were used in prior experimental studies of radiantly driven Knudsen Compressors. By absorbing the radiation energy, a temperature gradient will develop inside of a carbon opacified aerogel membrane to drive thermal creep flows. Analytical studies of the radiation energy absorbed by a carbon opacified aerogel membrane were performed and the resulting non-linear temperature distribution function within the carbon opacified aerogel thermal creep membrane was identified previously. This paper presents DSMC (Direct Simulation Monte Carlo) simulation studies that incorporate the previously reported non-linear temperature distribution function to investigate the performance of the radiantly driven Knudsen Compressor with a carbon opacified aerogel membrane. Cases with different connector temperatures for a closed system Knudsen Compressor were studied to observe the maximum pressure differences. Comparison of results indicates that radiantly driven Knudsen Compressor with a carbon opacified aerogel membrane could achieve a larger pressure gradient than what is predicted by the theoretical model reported by Muntz et al.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Assessment on dietary patterns of hypertensive patients by food frequency questionnaire

Objective To investigate the dietary habits of the hypertensive patients in Nanning City,so as to provide scientific basis for further intervention. Methods Totally,700 hypertensives were selected by stratified multistage random sampling from the hypertensive patients participating in the basic public health project chronic disease management for more than 1year.The food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)was used to investigate their food intake and frequency.The survey results were compared with Chinese recommended nutrient intakes. Results Finally,699 effective questionnaires were collected and the effective response rate was 99.9%.The hypertension patients had high-frequency daily intake of whole grains(99.6%),fresh vegetables(96.1%)and low-frequency daily intake of fresh fruit(50.8%),eggs(16.0%),dairy(28.6%)and bean products(4.1%).The prevalence rate of never-eating dairy products was as high as 56.5%.The per capita consumption of grain(328.4g/d)and fresh vegetables(300.9g/d)was within the scope of the recommended.Livestock and poultry meat consumption per capita was 100.8g/d,1.34 times of Chinese recommended nutrient intake(75g/d).The P50(P25,P75)of the intake of aquatic products,fresh fruit,eggs,dairy and bean products was 11.43(3.33,25.71),50(14.29,128.57),11.4(1.67,28.57),0(0,114.29)and 5.7(0,16.67)respectively.Physical examination found that 55.1% of the hypertensive patients with central obesity,40.9% with overweight or obesity,and only 56.4% with favorable blood pressure control. Conclusions The hypertensive patients in Nanning City have"low milk,high meat"dietary pattern.Their blood pressure and obesity control are not successful.In order to improve their blood pressure control and quality of life,Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension(DASH)should be carried out.
Research and design of measurement and control system on greenhouse based on wireless communication

Inordertodevelopameasurementandcontrolsystemingreenhouse thatisreliable,lowcost,to build flexibly,easy to upgrade,based on its successful studying experience at home and abroad,a new program of measurement and control system in greenhouse applied wire less communication technologies were brought up.Based on it,its hardware and software development could be completed.This pager proposed the program and design of sensor circuit and control circuit in details.The design system had the characteristics of reliable performance,low cost,nimble structure,easy to upgrade and so on.It would also have a fine extension prospect.
Cerebellar Hypoplasia and Autism

The size of the cerebellar hemisphere and vermal lobules was measured in ten autistic and eight normal control subjects at the Neuropsychology Research Laboratory, Children’s Hospital Research Center, and the Departments of Neurosciences and Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, LaJolla.
Exploiting Senescence for Cancer Treatment

Senescence is considered as a cellular defensive response evoked by diverse stimuli to combat tumor development and progression. An evolving body of knowledge indicates that tumor cells are capable of undergoing senescence when latent senescence pathways are reengaged. Given the apparent benefits associated with senescence induction as a therapy outcome, targeting of senescence triggering factors is being actively pursued. In this review, we briefly describe modes of senescence induction and discuss therapy approaches being undertaken for the development of prosenescence anti-cancer therapies.
Third-Person Effect and Pandemic Flu: The Role of Severity, Self-Efficacy Method Mentions, and Message Source

Within the context of a pandemic flu, this experiment investigated whether source (government officials or physicians), severity condition (high or low), and mention of self-efficacy method (mention present or absent) in H1N1 health news affected participants’ (a) perception of media influence on self and others and (b) intentions to get vaccinated. Results found support for third-person effects, and the magnitude of the effects grew with social distance. Main effect of source, as well as interaction effects among the independent variables on third-person effect and vaccination intentions, were also found.
Myocardial stress perfusion magnetic resonance: initial experience in a pediatric and young adult population using regadenoson

Dipyridamole and adenosine are traditional pharmacological stressors for myocardial perfusion. Regadenoson, a selective adenosine A2A agonist, has a lower side effect profile with lower incidence of bronchospasm and bradycardia. There is a growing need for myocardial perfusion assessment within pediatrics. There is no report on the utility of regadenoson as a stress agent in children. To observe the safety and feasibility of regadenoson as a pharmacologic stressor for perfusion cardiac MR in a pilot cohort of pediatric patients weighing more than 40 kg who have congenital heart disease and pediatric acquired heart disease. We reviewed our initial experience with regadenoson stress cardiac MR in 31 pediatric patients 15.8 ± 1.7 years (range 12–22 years) with congenital heart disease and acquired heart disease. Mean patient weight was 60 ± 15 kg (range of 40–93 kg). All patients underwent cardiac MR because of concern for ischemia. The cohort included a heterogeneous group of patients at a pediatric institution with potential risk for ischemia. Subjects’ heart rate and blood pressure were monitored and pharmacologic stress was induced by injection of 400 mcg of regadenoson. We evaluated their hemodynamic response and adverse effects using changes in vital signs and onset of symptoms. A pediatric cardiologist and radiologist qualitatively assessed myocardial perfusion and viability images. One child was unable to complete the stress perfusion portion of the examination, but did complete the remaining portion of the CMR. Resting heart rate was 72 ± 14 beats per minute (bpm) and rose to peak of 124 ± 17 bpm (95 ± 50% increase, P < 0.005) with regadenoson. Image quality was considered good or diagnostic in all cases. Three patients had irreversible perfusion defects. Four patients had reversible perfusion defects. Nine of the patients underwent cardiac catheterization with angiography and the findings showed excellent agreement. Regadenoson might be a safe and feasible pharmacologic stress agent for use in cardiac MR in older pediatric patients with congenital heart disease and acquired heart disease. The ease of use as a bolus and the advantage of a prolonged hyperemia make its use appealing in pediatrics. In a limited number of cases, regadenoson stress perfusion showed excellent agreement with cardiac catheterization. Regadenoson might be a viable pharmacologic stress agent in this population.
Reservoir computing & extreme learning machines using pairs of cellular automata rules

A framework for implementing reservoir computing (RC) and extreme learning machines (ELMs), two types of artificial neural networks, based on 1D elementary Cellular Automata (CA) is presented, in which two separate CA rules explicitly implement the minimum computational requirements of the reservoir layer: hyperdimensional projection and short-term memory. CAs are cell-based state machines, which evolve in time in accordance with local rules based on a cell's current state and those of its neighbors. Notably, simple single cell shift rules as the memory rule in a fixed edge CA afforded reasonable success in conjunction with a variety of projection rules, potentially significantly reducing the optimal solution search space. Optimal iteration counts for the CA rule pairs can be estimated for some tasks based upon the category of the projection rule. Initial results support future hardware realization, where CAs potentially afford orders of magnitude reduction in size, weight, and power (SWaP) requirements compared with floating point RC implementations.
Integrating Markov model and morphology analysis for finer classification of ventricular arrhythmia in real time

In this paper, we propose a novel technique which integrates morphological analysis of ECG signal with Markov Model to derive four major subclasses of ventricular arrhythmia in real time. The subclasses are: ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular flutter and premature ventricular complex. Markov Models have been trained using MIT-BIH ventricular arrhythmia database. Parameters of Markov Models are adapted in real time for various patients. The accuracy of classification has been further improved by detecting the P waves potentially embedded inside QRS complex using an area subtraction method. The technique has been tested on standard public database, and it diagnoses the subclasses with high accuracy in real time.
Finite-temperature behavior in the second Landau level of the two-dimensional electron gas

Reports of weak local minima in the magnetoresistance at $\ensuremath{\nu}=2+3/5, 2+3/7, 2+4/9, 2+5/9, 2+5/7$, and $2+5/8$ in the second Landau level of the electron gas in GaAs/AlGaAs left open the possibility of fractional quantum Hall states at these filling factors. In a high-quality sample we found that the magnetoresistance exhibits peculiar features near these filling factors of interest. These features, however, cannot be associated with fractional quantum Hall states; instead, they originate from magnetoresistive fingerprints of the electronic bubble phases. We found only two exceptions: at $\ensuremath{\nu}=2+2/7$ and $2+5/7$ there is evidence for incipient fractional quantum Hall states at intermediate temperatures. As the temperature is lowered, these fractional quantum Hall states collapse due to a phase competition with bubble phases.
Efficient Coarse-Grained Molecular Simulations in the Multibody Dynamics Scheme

The numerical simulation of highly complex biomolecular systems such as DNAs, RNAs, and proteins become intractable as the size and fidelity of these systems increase. Herein, efficient techniques to accelerate multibody-based coarse-grained simulations of such systems are presented. First, an adaptive coarse-graining framework is explained which is capable of determining when and where the system model needs to change to achieve an optimal combination of speed and accuracy. The metrics to guide these on-the-fly instantaneous model adjustments and the issues associated with post-transition system’s states are addressed in this book chapter. Due to its highly modular and parallel nature, the Generalized Divide-and-Conquer Algorithm (GDCA) forms the bases for a suite of dynamics simulation tools used in this work. For completeness, the fundamental aspects of the GDCA are presented herein. Finally, a novel method for the efficient and accurate approximation of far-field force and moment terms are developed. This aspect is key to the success of any large molecular simulation since more than 90 % of the computational load in such simulations is associated with pairwise force calculations. The presented approximations are efficient, accurate, and highly compatible with multibody-based coarse-grained models.
Regulation of platelet arachidonic acid oxygenation by cyclic AMP

Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosate (AMP) levels regulate the generation of thromboxane by platelets by inhibiting the hydrolysis of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of cyclic AMP in the control of the subsequent oxygenation of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase. We studoed the regulation of cyclooxygenase activity by agents that elevate platelet cyclic AMP (dibutyryl cyclic AMP and prostaglandins), measuring arachidonate-induced aggregation, O2 consumption, and malonaldehyde formation. In platelet-rich cyclic AMP. This inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP was absent in gel-filtered platelets suspended in buffer containing 0.5% albumin, and was progressively restored as plasma was added in increasing concentrations. Increasing the albumin concentration in platelet buffer suspensions likewise increased the ability of cyclic AMP to block the arachidonate-induced O2 burst and MDA production. We conclude that (1) the presence of plasma proteins is important in investigating platelet plasma milieu or at least in the presence of physiologic albumin concentrations.
Cues from Doctor: Role of Media in Reinforcing Life Changing Interventions.

Lack of patient motivation to change health behaviors creates a barrier to curb chronic diseases such as diabetes. This study empirically investigates the influence of perception of educational benefits and self awareness of the disease on life changing interventions, and the complementary effect of media intensity on the relationship between self awareness and life changing interventions. Using an archival survey data of 78 patients that were imparted diabetes management education programs, we find that media intensity complements the influence of self awareness on life changing modalities, along with the direct effects of perceived educational benefits and self awareness on life changing intervention and patient satisfaction. The results of this study indicate the implications that a richer media enabled by information technology can play a significant role to influence the process of chronic disease management.
Real-Time Characterization of Moisture Absorption and Desorption

The traditional method to determine moisture absorption relies on a weight gain measurement metrology with an analytical balance. This approach is generally not suitable for thin samples. In this study, the moisture absorption–desorption behavior of a thin BT core was characterized in situ using a sorption TGA over a temperature range of 30–80°C, in an environment of up to 80% relative humidity. From the experimental results, the moisture diffusivity and the saturated moisture content have been determined. Within the experimental temperature range, the diffusivity can be described by the Arrhenius equation and the activation energy can be calculated. The results obtained are compared with literature data. The impact of moisture diffusion in BT core on the reliability of ultrathin stacked chip scale packages (UT SCSP) was discussed.
Bi-directional coupling between a PDE-domain and an adjacent Data-domain equipped with multi-fidelity sensors

Abstract We consider a new prototype problem in domain decomposition with the solution in one domain governed by a known partial differential equation (PDE) whereas the solution in an adjacent domain is reconstructed by information gathered from distributed sensors (data) of variable fidelity. The PDE-domain and the Data-domain are tightly coupled, as the PDE solution is driven by the collected data, while the information gathered from its associated sensors is influenced by the PDE solution. Our overall methodology is based on the Schwarz alternating method and on recent advances in Gaussian process regression (GPR) using multi-fidelity data. The effectiveness of the proposed domain decomposition algorithm is demonstrated by examples of Helmholtz equations in both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) domains.
Comparison of guideline recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis in urologic procedures: variability, lack of consensus, and contradictions

This review assesses guideline discrepancies for urologic surgery antimicrobial prophylaxis and identifies opportunities for improvement of antimicrobial prophylaxis and stewardship. Literature search using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and association websites identified guidelines for review from the American Urological Association, Canadian Urological Association, European Association of Urology, Japanese Urological Association, and Association of Health-System Pharmacists/Infectious Disease Society of America/Surgical Infection Society/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. The greatest variability between guidelines was found in prophylaxis recommendations for prostate brachytherapy, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), and ureteroscopy with manipulation. Variability was also present in recommended duration of prophylaxis and recommended antibiotic. Contradictions between guidelines existed regarding prophylaxis for patients with indwelling stents undergoing ESWL, as well as for patients at risk of endocarditis undergoing urologic procedures. Procedures with the least variability in prophylaxis recommendation included diagnostic procedures (cystourethroscopy, urodynamic studies, and diagnostic ureteroscopy), transurethral resection of prostate, transrectal prostate biopsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, procedures involving prosthesis placement or intestine, and open or laparoscopic procedures. Consensus recommendations are present for several procedures, many of which still rely on non-urologic data. Several other procedures have variability in recommendations, generally due to a lack of strong data. The use of risk factors as indication for prophylaxis in many procedures is at times ambiguous and confusing. Together, these observations indicate a need for further research to provide more robust and consistent guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis and stewardship in the field of urology.