cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Temperature-dependent Activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) by Phospholipids in Planar Lipid Bilayers *

TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) proteins are heat-activated nonselective cation channels. TRPV1 channels are polymodal in their function and exhibit multifaceted regulation with various molecular compounds. In this regard, phosphoinositides, particularly phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, are important channel regulators. However, their effects on TRPV1 channel activity have not been conclusively determined. To characterize temperature-induced activation of TRPV1 in the presence of different phospholipids, we purified the TRPV1 protein from HEK-293 cells and incorporated it into planar lipid bilayers. In the presence of 2.5 μm phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, TRPV1 channels demonstrated rapid activation at 33–39 °C and achieved full channel opening at 42 °C. At this temperature range, TRPV1 heat activation exhibited steep temperature dependence (temperature coefficient (Q10) of 18), and the channel openings were accompanied by large changes in entropy and enthalpy, suggesting a substantial conformation change. At a similar temperature range, another phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, also potentiated heat activation of TRPV1, but with much lower efficiency. Negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol could also induce heat activation of TRPV1 channels, although with a small-conductance state. Our data demonstrate that phospholipids, specifically phosphoinositides, are important regulators of TRPV1 and are required for heat-induced channel activity.
A review of the distribution and status of Pygmy Palm-Swift Micropanyptila furcata in Venezuela

Pygmy Palm-Swift Micropanyptila furcata is endemic to the Maracaibo Basin of Venezuela and Colombia. Described by Sutton in 1928, it is still known only from < 30 museum specimens from seven localities, leading it to be included in the first edition of the bird Red Data Book, but not subsequent editions. During a field survey in January 1995 we regularly encountered this species throughout the south-eastern Maracaibo Basin in Venezuela, at elevations from 30 m to 800 m. We found them in a variety of habitats including cleared pastures, cropland, open forest and rural towns, and observed them near mature cultivated palms, which represented nesting and roosting substrates. Pygmy Palm-Swifts foraged in small groups immediately above the treetops and over grass savannah. As we recorded them at nearly all previously known sites and many additional ones, often in close proximity to human activities and potential sources of disturbance, we suggest that it is not a rare bird and currently does not require special status or conservation efforts.
Evaluation of the side-effects and thermal antinociceptive effects of intravenous hydromorphone in cats

Hydromorphone (H) may be an effective analgesic agent in cats, but fear of negative behavioral side-effects associated with opioids is cited as a reason for avoiding this class of analgesics in cats. This study was designed to assess onset and duration of antinociception using an established feline thermal threshold model in cats, given an accepted clinical dose of 0.1 mg kg−1 of H. In addition, cats were observed for changes in behavior and other side-effects. Six adult cats from an established colony (four spayed females and two castrated males, 4.7–7.0 kg) received 0.1 mg kg−1 H IV following establishment of baseline thermal threshold (TT) values. TT was tested at 15 minutes post-injection, then at every 30–60 minutes for 12 hours. Side-effects and behavior changes were recorded for 12 hours. Changes in TT over time were analyzed using a one-way anova; a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. TT increased from a pre-treatment value of (mean ± SD) 40.9 ± 1.65 °C to instrument cutout (55.5 °C) within 30 minutes for 5/6 cats. Mean TT was significantly elevated above baseline from 15 to 450 minutes after treatment. There was a significant increase in skin temperature from 15 to 300 minutes with peak increase of 1.55 °C at 135 minutes. Side-effects included mydriasis (6/6) and nausea (4/6), characterized by licking, foaming, and gagging. Mydriasis occurred within 10–30 seconds of injection and persisted for 5–7 hours. Nausea was noted within 2 minutes of injection and persisted for 30–90 minutes; no vomiting occurred. Commonly observed behavioral changes included ventral tail curl (6/6 cats, onset 5–45 minutes, duration 4–5 hours) and euphoria (5/6 cats, onset <6 minutes for 4/6, duration 1–6 hours). 2/6 cats were profoundly sedate. Three cats showed signs of dysphoria with or without increased motor activity with variable onset and duration. Dysphoric behavior included staring, pacing, vocalizing, and sudden movements. 3/6 cats exhibited both euphoria and dysphoria at different times during the study. At no time were cats difficult to restrain or work with. Return to baseline behavior occurred 7–8.5 hours post-injection. Mydriasis did not correlate closely with antinociception. Signs of sedation and euphoria corresponded with onset of antinociception, but not duration. Tail curl signs correlated with antinociception. In this model, H proved to be a rapid acting, potent, analgesic with a long (7.5 hours) duration of action. The most common behavioral changes noted were ventral tail curl, euphoria, and sedation. Mydriasis and nausea were noted as side-effects.
A Point-to-Plane Electrostatic Precipitator for Particle Size Sampling

Abstract A point-to-plane electrostatic precipitator of simple design is described. It was developed as a particle size sampling instrument for use with the electron microscope. The standard operating conditions as well as special design and technical points are described and illustrated. Tests of the instrument have been made using the thermal precipitator as a standard. These comparisons have indicated no important limitation of the point-to-plane precipitator as a particle size sampler. Other advantages and disadvantages of the instrument based on our experience are given. Most of these points are documented by photographs. None of the negative qualities of the sampler appear general or restrictive. Conversely, there are specific attributes which make the point-to-plane electrostatic precipitator a valuable, if not indispensable, tool in aerosol studies.
African-American men with nonpalpable prostate cancer exhibit greater tumor volume than matched white men.

BACKGROUND Although prostate cancer (PC) mortality disproportionately affects African-American (AA) men, limited data exist comparing the pathologic characteristics of white and AA patients with nonpalpable PC (clinical stage T1c). METHODS The authors reviewed the radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens from 37 consecutive AA men with clinical stage T1c PC and 35 white men who were matched for age, clinical stage, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, year of surgery, prostate weight, and prostate biopsy strategy. Pathologic characteristics were compared after mapping tumor foci and calculating tumor volumes by using computer software. RESULTS For AA men, the median age (57.7 years), mean serum PSA level (9.3 ng/mL), mean prostate weight (43 g), and biopsy strategy (73% sextant) were matched with the cohort of 35 white men (median age, 57.1 years; mean PSA, 9.3 ng/mL;, mean prostate weight, 43 g; biopsy strategy, 66% sextant). Despite similar biopsy characteristics between the 2 groups (Gleason score ≥7 in 43% of AA men vs. 37% of white men), AA men exhibited significantly higher prostatectomy Gleason scores (≥7 in 76% of AA men vs. 34% of white men; P = .01). AA men also had a higher mean tumor volume (1.82 cm3 vs. 0.72 cm3; P = .001) and had 2.8 times more tumor per ng/mL of serum PSA (0.22 cm3 per ng/mL vs. 0.079 cm3 per ng/mL; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with a cohort of white men with similar clinical features at the time of biopsy, AA men with nonpalpable PC had higher prostatectomy Gleason scores, greater cancer volume, and greater tumor volume per ng/mL of serum PSA. These data provide additional support for the concept of early PC detection using a serum PSA threshold of 2.5 ng/mL for biopsy among AA men. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Growth kinetics and the size distributions of supported metal crystallites

Abstract Aging kinetics of supported metal catalysts are represented by a model accounting for diffusion of crystallites on the support and sintering of the colliding crystallites. Equations are established for the time dependence of the distribution of crystallite sizes and for the decay of the exposed surface area of metal for both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous surfaces. For homogeneous surfaces the size distribution becomes after a certain time almost independent of the initial distribution and can be represented by a universal curve. On the basis of the universal curve simple decay equations for the exposed surface area of metal (S) are obtained. For nonhomogeneous surfaces having some sites which interact strongly with crystallites an equilibrium size distribution is reached. The effect of temperature is accounted for by interactions between the metal and support. At high temperatures, the mobility of the crystallites on the support is relatively great and the sintering process is rate determining. At lower temperatures the aging process is diffusion controlled. The atmosphere affects the aging process by influencing the surface free energies and hence the work of adhesion and the wetting angle between the crystallites and support. If the wetting angle is decreased the mobility of the crystallites is decreased. Considerations based on surface chemistry are used to suggest possibilities for increasing the stability of the highly dispersed state of metal. For example, stability may be increased if certain alloys are used rather than pure metals.
The Kauzmann Paradox Revisited

Many glass-forming substances display heat capacities for their supercooled liquids that substantially exceed those of the corresponding crystals. Reasonable extrapolation below the kinetic glass transition temperature indicates that the molar entropies of the supercooled liquid and crystal phases would become equal at a “Kauzmann temperature” TK > 0. Furthermore, continuing such extrapolation below TK to absolute zero suggests that the disordered liquid attains lower entropy than the crystal, in conflict with the third law of thermodynamics (hence the “Kauzmann paradox”). The present study cites data for real substances and results from numerical simulation and theoretical modeling in the temperature−pressure plane to demonstrate that a Kauzmann locus TK(p) can indeed occur, though not necessarily for all materials. No third-law conflict arises. Also, the analysis provides no support for the concept of an “ideal glass transition” at positive temperature, often mentioned in connection with glass formers. ...
Identification of candidate circulating cisplatin-resistant biomarkers from epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell secretomes

Identification of candidate circulating cisplatin-resistant biomarkers from epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell secretomes
Relative preference for external and self-controlled reinforcement in monkeys

Abstract Monkeys were tested for their relative preference for self-monitored and externally imposed systems of reinforcement. One monkey clearly preferred to self-reward his own performances. whereas a second monkey favored slightly the externally administered system but displayed a small gradual shift toward self-reward as the sessions progressed. Unlike previous findings. unmerited self-reward did not result in rapid discarding of self-imposed performance requirements. The level of work output and the interactive effects of multiple reinforcement control are possible operative factors in sustaining self-imposed contingencies long after punishment for unmerited self-reward has been discontinued.
Kundenintegration in Geschäftsprozesse von Finanzdienstleistungsunternehmen

Die Integration von Kunden in Geschaftsprozesse gewinnt in jungster Zeit auch bei Finanzdienstleistungsunternehmen insbesondere aufgrund des veranderten Kundenverhaltens und des verstarkten Einsatzes neuer Technologien zunehmend an Bedeutung. Fur viele Unternehmen bleibt jedoch oftmals unklar, welche spezifische Rolle der Kunde dabei einnehmen und wie die Kundenintegration in Geschaftsprozesse tatsachlich ausgestaltet werden kann. Vor diesem Hintergrund zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag innovative Formen der Kundenintegration bei Banken und Versicherungen auf und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass Kunden auch dort sinnvoll in Geschaftsprozesse integriert werden konnen.
Evaluation of electron trajectories in an arc discharge

Abstract Calculations of electron trajectories in the field configuration of the Freeman ion source are presented for various operating conditions. The results show that in this model the electrons emitted from the filament reach the positive arc chamber wall only under special operating conditions. Normally they travel in pseudo-cycloids undirectionally along the filament rod. Therefore, the probability of ionization of neutral gas atoms by electrons is increased near the positive end of the filament resulting in a preferential sputter erosion of this end.
Reaction of the human pulp to cavity preparation: results produced by eight different operative grinding technics

This study was undertaken to determine which operative technics permitted cavity preparation with minimal pulpal reaction. Factors studied were speed, cutting tool, coolant and load. The value of coolants becomes more significant at the higher speeds. In the absence of adequate coolants, intermittent grinding is of no appreciable benefit. Preparation time at the higher speeds is of little consequence provided frictional heat is controlled by coolants. The combination of high speed, controlled temperature and light load is conducive to minimal pathological alterations in the pulp.
Trimodality therapy without a platinum compound for localized carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction

BACKGROUND: The use of platinum-based chemoradiation for esophageal cancer is routine, but it is unclear which class of cytotoxic are optimum. It was hypothesized that chemoradiotherapy with fluoropyrimidine, taxane, and camptothecin would have preserved or improved efficacy with no compromise in safety. METHODS: Patients with histologically confirmed, resectable esophageal carcinoma were eligible. In addition to other tests, a baseline endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was obtained. Patients were medically fit and had near–normal organ functions. Patients received docetaxel and irinotecan, plus 5–fluorouracil as induction therapy and then the same cytotoxics with 50.4 grays of radiotherapy followed by an attempted surgery. Pathologic complete response (pathCR) at a rate of ≥20% was the primary endpoint. The pathCR and R0 resection were correlated with overall survival (OS). Safety was documented. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were enrolled. Seven were women, and the median age was 56 years. Fifty-three (96%) patients had EUST3, and 41 (75%) had EUSN1 disease. Forty-three (78%) patients underwent surgery, 20% achieved a pathCR, and 76.4% underwent an R0 resection. The median survival (n = 55 patients) was 43.3 months (range, 19-75 months). Baseline clinical parameters were not found to be predictive of OS; however, patients with a pathCR (P = .005) and who underwent R0 resection (P ≤ .0001) had an improved OS. There was 1 treatment-related postsurgical death reported. Grade 3 or 4 toxicity (graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]) was observed in 62% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study documented that this 3-drug, noncisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy was feasible, safe, and active but not better than the published cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. A fluoropyrimidine and another cytotoxic (from any class) may be adequate to establish a baseline chemoradiotherapy regimen to combine biologics. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
The temperature dependence of the reduced anisotropy in magnetic recording particles

The temperature dependence of the reduced anisotropy in acicular magnetic recording particles is found from initial susceptibility measurements between 77 and 420 K. The results give information about the relative contributions to the coercive force from the shape and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and the extent to which a sample can be thermally demagnetized. Compositions include ion oxides with differing Fe2+/Fe3+ratios; Co-adsorbed and Co-doped iron oxides some of which contain Zn; CrO 2 ; and Fe.
Effects of Diluents on the Flame Structure and Radiation of Propane Jet Flames in a Concentric Stream

Abstract Abstract-Data are presented on the structure of propane diffusion flames burning in a concentric stream of air, with and without the addition of diluents (carbon dioxide and nitrogen) to the fuel jet and air stream. The flame length and the fraction of heat release radiated are documented as functions of diluent concentrations in fuel jet and air stream. The effects of diluent addition on the temperature profiles, composition profiles showing species CO2, H2O, CO, N2, O2, C3H8,NO and pyrolysis species of C3H8 and axial profiles of radiant power emitted are also presented. The results show that the diluents reduce flame length, stability, radiation and concentrations of nitric oxide in the flames. The effects of diluents on the flame structure can be attributed primarily to the changes in concentrations of various species rather than to the changes in temperature. The problems of using flue gas recirculation in large combustion systems are indicated.
Structure of the Forward Scattering Amplitude

The matrix elements of various products of two currents between states of equal energy-momentum are studied. Use of the axioms of local field theory leads to an integral representation for the Fourier transform of matrix elements of the retarded commutator in terms of two invariant momentum parameters. Further restriction on the class of allowed functions permits explicit incorporation of the mass restrictions as support conditions on the weight function. The "bound-state" term is separated off and related to the vertex functions. As a simple application, forward-scattering dispersion relations are derived by specialization of the Green's function. In particular, these can be obtained for nucleon-nucleon and K-meson-nucleon scattering.
State of the Union Addresses and the President's Legislative Success

The State of the Union speech is generally considered a roadmap of the president's legislative program each year, yet little attention has been given to whether it functions as a determinant of the president's legislative success. The primary purpose of this article is to empirically examine the policy content of the message and the link to the president's policy success. In addition, I explore how this relationship is conditioned by the strength of the opposition party and the level of partisanship in Congress. Based on analysis of annual data from 1954–2000, the results indicate the speech has a positive and significant influence on the president's success in domestic policy. While this influence remains significant at low and average levels of partisanship and opposition party strength, it disappears when each factor is at high levels. I conclude with a discussion of how this study relates to previous research on the link between presidential speeches and legislative success.
The Organizational Dynamics of Far-Right Hate Groups in the United States: Comparing Violent to Nonviolent Organizations

Few studies have explored the factors that distinguish violent from nonviolent far-right hate groups. We examine four categories of factors on hate groups: (1) Organizational capacity, (2) Organizational constituency, (3) Strategic connectivity, and (4) Structural arrangements. Age and size, groups in conflict, groups led by charismatic leaders, groups that advocated for leaderless resistance tactics, and region increased a group's propensity to commit violence. Groups that published ideological literature were significantly less likely to be violent. By identifying factors that distinguish violent from nonviolent groups, this study helps us better understand characteristics of violent far-right hate groups in the United States.
Impaired avoidance learning after closed-head injury: Dissociation between two tasks due to classical conditioning?

Like controls, a Closed-Head Injury (CHI) group learned quickly to press a button during a 3-s warning stimulus in order to avoid a noxious buzzer. In a similar task, however, the CHI group had greater difficulty achieving the learning criterion compared to controls when required to prevent an innocuous visual display (i.e., a circle). The difficulty levels of these two avoidance tasks were identical. The major differences concerned the temporal contiguity of the warning cue with the stimulus to be avoided and the intrinsic aversiveness of the buzzer compared to the appearance of a circle on a computer screen. We hypothesize that, although both tasks were operant in essential character, the buzzer may have produced a degree of classical conditioning. These results suggest that CHI survivors may have some difficulty forming connections between arbitrary stimuli when performance depends almost entirely upon conscious, effortful processing. When a stimulus is sufficiently noxious to be capable of producing an affective or autonomic response, however, automatic processes may aid in the formation of associations.
Consolidation of Medical Groups Into Physician Practice Management Organizations

Context.—Medical groups are growing and merging to improve efficiency and bargaining leverage in the competitive managed care environment. An increasing number are affiliating with physician practice management (PPM) firms that offer capital financing, expertise in utilization management, and global capitation contracts with health insurance entities. These physician organizations provide an alternative to affiliation with a hospital system and to individual physician contracting with health plans.Objective.—To describe the growth, structure, and strategy of PPM organizations that coordinate medical groups in multiple markets and contract with health maintenance organizations (HMOs).Design.—Case studies, including interviews with administrative and clinical leaders, review of company documents, and analysis of documents from investment bankers, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and industry observers.Setting.—Medical groups and independent practice associations (IPAs) in California and New Jersey affiliated with MedPartners, FPA Medical Management, and UniMed.Outcome Measures.—Growth in number of primary care and specialty care physicians employed by and contracting with affiliated medical groups; growth in patient enrollment from commercial, Medicare, and Medicaid HMOs; growth in capitation and noncapitation revenues; structure and governance of affiliated management service organizations and professional corporations; and contracting strategies with HMOs.Results.—Between 1994 and 1996, medical groups and IPAs affiliated with 3 PPMs grew from 3787 to 25763 physicians; 65% of employed physicians provide primary care, while the majority of contracting physicians provide specialty care. Patient enrollment in HMOs grew from 285503 to 3028881. Annual capitation revenues grew from $190 million to $2.1 billion. Medical groups affiliated with PPMs are capitated for most professional, hospital, and ancillary clinical services and are increasingly delegated responsibility by HMOs for utilization management and quality assurance.Comment.—Physician practice management organizations and their affiliated medical groups face the challenge of continuing rapid growth, sustaining stock values, and improving practice efficiencies while maintaining the loyalty of physicians and patients.
Superstability and rigorous asymptotics in singularly perturbed state-dependent delay-differential equations

Abstract We study the singularly perturbed state-dependent delay-differential equation (⁎) e x ˙ ( t ) = − x ( t ) − k x ( t − r ) , r = r ( x ( t ) ) = 1 + x ( t ) , which is a special case of the equation e x ˙ ( t ) = g ( x ( t ) , x ( t − r ) ) , r = r ( x ( t ) ) . One knows that for every sufficiently small e > 0 , Eq. (⁎) possesses at least one so-called slowly oscillating periodic solution, and moreover, the graph of every such solution approaches a specific sawtooth-like shape as e → 0 . In this paper we obtain higher-order asymptotics of the sawtooth, including the location of the minimum and maximum of the solution with the form of the solution near these turning points, and as well an asymptotic formula for the period. Using these and other asymptotic formulas, we further show that the solution enjoys the property of superstability, namely, the nontrivial characteristic multipliers are of size O ( e ) for small e. This stability property implies that this solution is unique among all slowly oscillating periodic solutions, again for small e.
Tricyclic antidepressant overdose.

First introduced in the early 1960s, tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have been seen increasingly in overdoses, accounting for 10% to 20% of all cases. 1-5 This is not surprising, for amitriptyline was the 29th most frequently prescribed drug in the United States in 1974. 8 Since suicide-prone depressed patients and young children being treated for nocturnal enuresis1,2, ~ are the most common recipients of these drugs, overdoses probably will continue. These overdoses have a multiplicity of toxic effects, the most alarming of which are cardiac, 1 and a high mortality. The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge on TCA overdose and toxicity, with particular emphasis on pharmacology as the foundation of rational therapy.
Combating Desertification: Evaluation of Progress

Despite all that has been accomplished with an uncoordinated global programme, the exaggerated expectations following UNCOD have not come close to being realized. Land degradation continues widely, even though in places dunes are being stabilized, trees planted, and there is some success in reducing salinization of irrigated land. Too little effort is directed towards field control of desertification. All of the indirect contributions to desertification control (education, research, training, increasing awareness, assessments, etc.) will, presumably, assist in combating desertification in the field at some time in the future. It appears certain, however, that there will be no dramatic improvement by the year 2000 unless there is far more focusing of efforts on field projects than at present. Here the activities of NGOs and some governmental agencies are to be appauded but should also be multiplied and strengthened—wherever possible with community involvement and adequate incentives.
RECOVERY HEART RA DIFFERENCES IN MALES AND FEMALES AFTER MAXIMUM VOLLUNARY EXERCESE

One hundred and fifty ere unconditioned normal children aged 7yr 6 months to 12 yr 9 months were exercised to exhaustion utilizing graded progressive bicycle ergometry (James Protocol). There were 70 females and 81 rales. Heart rate, blood pressure, etri ventilatory gases were measured. ventilatory anerobic threshhold WAT), Quetelet index (QI) of ponderosity, and time of exercise after the VAT were calculated for an subjects. Baseline hsartrate (BHR), heart rate at maximum exercise (MaxHR), and 1 minute recovery heart rate (RHR) for males (M) and females(F) are shown in the table, with standard deviation. The only significant p < .001) intersex difference ford was the recovery heart rate (RHR) at 1 minute, females having higher 1 minute recovery heart rates than males. This could not be explained by differences in age, ponderosity (QT), Oxygen debt (time beyond VAT), or cardiopulmonary conditicn (VAT). Recovery heart rate at one minute has been used as a standard indicator of overall physical fitness. In the age group studied, females returned to baseline at a slower rate than did age and BSA matched males. This is not related to QI time at AT Max heart rate, VO2 mzx, or VAT. Recovery heart rates should not be used as an index of physical fitness unless ccnpared to age-garter specific normal values.
Comet Tago-Sato-Kosaka 1969 IX: Tail structure 25 December 1969 to 12 January 1970

Abstract On photographs taken between 25 December 1969 and 12 January 1970 with the Michigan Curtis Schmidt on Cerro Tololo and the Hamburg Schmidt at the Boyden Observatory, Comet 1969 IX is seen projected on planes nearly perpendicular to its orbit. During this period the Type I tail was free of major structural disturbances, and the faintness of the Type II tail facilitated study of the Type I tail near the lead. Characteristics of the main Type I tail are described in Part II. A classification of the tail forms according as the tail had the form of a fan of rays or a wedge, the orientation of the tail axis, and the angular width of the tail are discussed in Section IIA. In Section IIB the structure of the tail from 26 to 31 December, a period within which a disconnection of the tail took place, is viewed as the possible result of the passage across the comet of an interplanetary magnetic sector boundary, as proposed by Niedner and Brandt (1977, Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 4). In Sections IIC and IID waves in rays and the onset of turbulence are considered. Section IIIA is devoted to unusually long and bright off-axis rays; data on longitudinal forms, closing rate to the axis, and photometry of a ray are presented. In Section IIIB the structure of a “plume” of seven nearly parallel rays is related to the configuration of magnetic field lines predicted by Schmidt and Wegmann (1976, IPP Report 6/147). The orientations of the plume rays are consistent with those of the calculated field lines; the inferred rate of generation of the rays is about 1/hr.
Inhibition of Spoilage Bacteria by Acidification of Soy Extended Ground Beef

Bacterial isolates from soy extended ground beef were used to test the effect of pH on their growth in trypticase soy broth (TSB), ground beef, and ground beef + 20% textured soy protein (TSP). Growth was measured in TSB acidified with hydrochloric, citric, lactic, or acetic acids at pH levels from 5.4–6.2. After incubation at 4°C for 7 days, acetic acid was determined to inhibit growth to the greatest extent with no growth at or below pH 5.8. Growth response was studied in meat blends at pH levels of 5.4, 5.7, 6.0, and 6.3. Growth was suppressed in ground beef initially at pH 5.4 and in ground beef + 20% TSP initially at pH 5.4 and 5.7. This resulted in an increased shelf life of 2 days in acidified blends.
Biometric tracking with coded pyroelectric sensor clusters

Human bodies are very good heat sources with peak emission wavelength of about 9?m. We use pyroelectric detectors that are differential in nature to detect human motion by their heat emissions. Coded Fresnel lens arrays create boundaries in space which helps to localize the human motion as well as classification. We design and implement a low-cost biometric tracking system using off-the-shelf components. We demonstrate tracking and classification using sensor clusters of dualelement pyroelectric detectors with coded Fresnel lens arrays.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Tissue plate: A new technique for longterm organotypic culture

A technique is described in which kidneys of 14- and 18-day-old fetal chicks, or hatched chicks, are dissociated either partially or totally totally into individual cells. In either case the cells aressedimented and subsequently cultured on a three-dimensional substrate. This approach leads to formation of gigantic aggregates, “tissue plates”, which undergo excellent histogenesis and remain differentiated for several weeks. Eventually an increase in connective tissue occurs; however, organ specific structures persist in the tissue plates even after 6 weeks of cultivation.
Curvatures and Malformations in Bean Plants Caused by Culture Filtrate of Aspergillus niger.

The fungus, Aspergillus niger, has been demonstrated to produce a growth substance active in the Avena test (4, 16). Boysen-Jensen (5) showed that the active material was soluble in ether under slightly acid conditions and that the fungus could convert tryptophan, lysine, leucine, tyrosine, histidine and phenylalanine into growth substance. The work of K?gl and Kostermans (12) established further that the molecular weight of the growth regulator was 169, a value which closely approximates that expected for indoleacetic acid (IAA). These lines of evidence suggest that IAA is produced by A. niger. IAA has been clearly shown to be the growth substance in the culture filtrate of Rhizopus suinus (18). As a part of a routine screening program, seeking to detect fungus products that influence the growth of higher plants, it was recently discovered that culture filtrates of a fungus isolated from soil induced in plants effects which somewhat resemble those caused by known growth substances. However, the effects are distinctly different from those caused by IAA and evidence will be presented which eliminate IAA as the causative agent. Other preliminary studies concerning the active compound will also be reported in the present paper. The fungus responsible for these effects is designated as 56-39 and has been identified as A. niger.
A neural network model of foraging decisions made under predation risk.

This article develops the cognitive—emotional forager (CEF) model, a novel application of a neural network to dynamical processes in foraging behavior. The CEF is based on a neural network known as the gated dipole, introduced by Grossberg, which is capable of representing short-term affective reactions in a manner similar to Solomon and Corbit’s (1974) opponent process theory. The model incorporates a trade-off between approach toward food and avoidance of predation under varying levels of motivation induced by hunger. The results of simulations in a simple patch selection paradigm, using a lifetime fitness criterion for comparison, indicate that the CEF model is capable of nearly optimal foraging and outperforms a run-of-luck rule-of-thumb model. Models such as the one presented here can illuminate the underlying cognitive and motivational components of animal decision making.
Electronic structure of ultrathin Fe films on TiO 2 (110) studied with soft-x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and resonant photoemission

We report on soft-x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS) of a ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$(110) surface during deposition of Fe in the monolayer regime. At low fractional monolayer coverages, the adsorbed Fe atoms are oxidized and Ti cations at the interface become reduced due to Fe adsorption. SXPS from shallow core levels and valence bands show that Fe starts to exhibit metallic character at a coverage of approximately 0.7 equivalent monolayers. Two well separated defect states appear in the band gap of ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ at iron coverages well below one monolayer. We use resonant photoemission to obtain information on the partial density of states, and we assign these defect states as being Fe-derived and Ti-derived states, located at the Fe and Ti sites, respectively. We suggest that a position change of oxygen is involved in the bonding of Fe on the ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$(110) surface.
Distribution of physostigmine and metabolites in brain subcellular fractions of the rat.

Abstract The distribution of 3H-physostigmine (Phy) has been studied in the rat brain subcellular fractions at various time intervals following i.v. injection. 3H-Phy or its metabolites rapidly accumulate into the cytoplasm of cells and penetrates the intracellular compartments. Kinetic studies of the subcellular distribution of radioactivity (RA) per gm of rat brain following i.v. injection of 3H-Phy show peak concentrations at 30 min in all subcellular fractions with the exception of mitochondria. In the mitochondrial fraction the RA levels continue to rise from 4682 ± 875 DPM/gm at 5 min to 27474 ± 2825 DPM/gm at 60 min (P In vitro studies did not show a greater uptake of RA by the mitochondrial or synaptosomal fractions. The finding of relatively high concentrations of RA in the mitochondrial fraction at 60 min increases the likelihood that Phy or its metabolites could interfere with the physiological function of this organelle.
Dielectric barrier discharge control of a turbulent boundary layer in a supersonic flow

We demonstrate effective manipulation of a turbulent boundary layer at Mach 4.7 conditions using a surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuator. The freestream conditions of low static pressure (1 kPa) and temperature (60 K) are conducive to the visualization of flow features using Rayleigh scattering from condensed CO2 particles. The boundary layer thinning is observed when spanwise momentum is induced by the low power (6.8 W), low frequency (28 kHz) single actuator pair oriented parallel to the freestream flow.
New measurements of activation volume in olivine under anhydrous conditions

A new cell assembly for the deformation-DIA (D-DIA) shows promise for limiting the water content of samples and providing a more mechanically stable environment for deformation. The 6-mm cubic cell consists of a 6-mm diameter mullite sphere cradled in a web of unfired pyrophyllite. The pyrophyllite flows during initial compression of the D-DIA to form gaskets between the six anvils while the mullite flows to become a nearly cubic-shaped pressure medium. Measurements on olivine indicate more than one order of magnitude drop in water content to <40 ppm H/Si compared with the boron-epoxy medium. Improved mechanical stability is achieved by elimination of the thermocouple from the assembly and determination of temperature from calibration curves of furnace power vs. temperature. Three samples of polycrystalline orthopyroxene-buffer San Carlos olivine have been deformed in high-temperature creep in the new cell, at pressures of 2.7–4.9 GPa and temperatures near 1473 K. Strength is consistent with that measured in the gas-apparatus at lower pressures. Over the pressure range investigated we resolve an activation volume for creep of dry olivine of V* = 9.5 ± 7 × 10−6 m3/mol.
SUPERBOT: A Deployable, Multi-Functional, and Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robotic System

Self-reconfigurable robots are modular robots that can autonomously change their shape and size to meet specific operational demands. Recently, there has been a great interest in using self-reconfigurable robots in applications such as reconnaissance, rescue missions, and space applications. Designing and controlling self-reconfigurable robots is a difficult task. Hence, the research has primarily been focused on developing systems that can function in a controlled environment. This paper presents a novel self-reconfigurable robotic system called SuperBot, which addresses the challenges of building and controlling deployable self-reconfigurable robots. Six prototype modules have been built and preliminary experimental results demonstrate that SuperBot is a flexible and powerful system that can be used in challenging real-world applications.
HOW A HUCKSTER BECOMES A CUSTODIAN OF MARKET MORALITY: TRADITIONS OF FLEXIBILITY IN EXCHANGE IN DOMINICA

Since 1995, Dominica has endured a massive economic downturn following a series of World Trade Organization decisions that have devastated the banana industry, its major export earner. Yet the trade decisions have not been the subject of much anxiety or debate. At the same time, their second largest contributors to foreign exchange earnings (hucksters) are seldom the subject of public discussion. I suggest in this article that these omissions have to do with the manner in which flexibility is culturally conceptualized. Rather than a recent adaptation to the physiopsychological disciplining of a post-Fordian or “globalized” economy, I argue that in Dominica, flexibility is historically constituted through a much longer engagement with capitalism in the formation of the Caribbean as a cultural area over the last five centuries. The entrepreneurial savvy found among hucksters is autochthonous to Dominica's trade culture.
Microgravity and Macromolecular Crystallography

Macromolecular crystal growth has been seen as an ideal experiment to make use of the reduced acceleration environment provided by an orbiting spacecraft. The experiments are small, simply operated and have a high potential scientific and economic impact. In this review we examine the theoretical reasons why microgravity should be a beneficial environment for crystal growth and survey the history of experiments on the Space Shuttle Orbiter, on unmanned spacecraft, and on the Mir space station. Finally we outline the direction for optimizing the future use of orbiting platforms.
SEASONAL VARIATION AND’ FROZEN STORAGE STABILITY OF BLUE MUSSFLS (Myths edulis)

Proximate composition of blue mussels Mytilus edulis collected in Duxbury Bay, Duxbury, MA, was determined monthly on fresh mussels and after frozen storage. There was seasonal variation in proximate composition. This seasonal variation in the blue mussel affects the freezer life of the cooked product. Mussels harvested in the spring retain their sensory acceptability for longer than fall or winter mussels. Frozen storage does not affect the composition of the initial product, fat, moisture, ash and extractable protein remaining constant over frozen storage.
5 Cardiovascular actions of insulin in humans. Implications for insulin sensitivity and vascular tone

Insulin has a plethora of actions, most of which are initiated after interaction with its specific cell surface receptor on classical target tissues. Prominent among these actions is its ability to increase cellular permeability to glucose in muscle and fat. Heretofore, the cardiovascular actions of insulin in humans have received little attention. The effects of insulin on the cardiovascular system and, in particular, on skeletal muscle vasculature are physiological, specific, co-ordinated and appear to play an integral part in its overall action to promote the disposal of glucose and probably other substrates. The vascular actions of insulin should be added to the long list of actions initiated by this hormone, and are important to consider in the study of in vivo metabolism in health and disease.
A novel application of pattern recognition for accurate SNP and indel discovery from high-throughput data: Targeted resequencing of the glucocorticoid receptor co-chaperone FKBP5 in a Caucasian population

Abstract The detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions (indels) with precision from high-throughput data remains a significant bioinformatics challenge. Accurate detection is necessary before next-generation sequencing can routinely be used in the clinic. In research, scientific advances are inhibited by gaps in data, exemplified by the underrepresented discovery of rare variants, variants in non-coding regions and indels. The continued presence of false positives and false negatives prevents full automation and requires additional manual verification steps. Our methodology presents applications of both pattern recognition and sensitivity analysis to eliminate false positives and aid in the detection of SNP/indel loci and genotypes from high-throughput data. We chose FK506-binding protein 51( FKBP5 ) (6p21.31) for our clinical target because of its role in modulating pharmacological responses to physiological and synthetic glucocorticoids and because of the complexity of the genomic region. We detected genetic variation across a 160kb region encompassing FKBP5 . 613 SNPs and 57 indels, including a 3.3kb deletion were discovered. We validated our method using three independent data sets and, with Sanger sequencing and Affymetrix and Illumina microarrays, achieved 99% concordance. Furthermore we were able to detect 267 novel rare variants and assess linkage disequilibrium. Our results showed both a sensitivity and specificity of 98%, indicating near perfect classification between true and false variants. The process is scalable and amenable to automation, with the downstream filters taking only 1.5h to analyze 96 individuals simultaneously. We provide examples of how our level of precision uncovered the interactions of multiple loci, their predicted influences on mRNA stability, perturbations of the hsp90 binding site, and individual variation in FKBP5 expression. Finally we show how our discovery of rare variants may change current conceptions of evolution at this locus.
Abstract P2-04-07: Insurance status as predictor of repeat mobile mammography utilization: 10 year analysis of a comprehensive cancer center

Introduction: Mobile Mammography Units (MMU) have become a model of community outreach. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between utilization of MMU and insurance status in the largest county in Kentucky. Methods: From January 2001- December 2010, our MMU performed 21,857 screening mammograms. Demographic data was retrospectively reviewed to identify insurance status and trends in utilization for each of these encounters. Insurance type was classified as Private Insurance, Public insurance/Medicaid, Public insurance/ Medicare and Uninsured. Insurance type was classified based on the patient's primary insurer. Utilization was defined as once or more than 2 times in a 10 year period. Descriptive statistics related to insurance status were produced and statistical comparisons were conducted between one-visit patients (11816 patients) and more than one-visit patients (10041 patients). P-values were calculated using Chi-square test for comparison between the two groups. Odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were provided. All calculations were performed with SAS statistical software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Results: Uninsured and Private insured accounted for the majority of encounters (43% and 36% respectively.) Medicaid accounted for the least at 5%. The majority of women utilized the MMU once in a 10 year period (54%.) Overall, Private insured patients were more likely than Uninsured to only utilize the van once in 10 year period. (OR 1.075 (1.012-1.142) p = <.001.) Medicare patients were less likely than uninsured to utilize the van only once (OR 0.888 (0.821-0.959) p = < .001.) Medicaid utilization was similar to that of uninsured (OR 1.123 (0.981-1.279.) Among the insured subgroup, Private insurance and Medicaid were more likely than Medicare to utilize the van only once in a 10 year period (OR 1.211 and 1.266 respectively). View this table: Table 1: Insurance Type by Number of Screens (1 vs ≥2) Conclusion: To our knowledge this is the largest database of MMU reported in the literature. Unique to our MMU program is community outreach to both public health centers and corporate venues capturing varied insurance types. In this dataset, the majority of women, regardless of insurance type utilize the van only once in a 10 year period. Interestingly, an insured subgroup (Medicare) was the most likely to utilized the van more than once in a 10 year period. Further analysis is needed to understand how race and/or screening location impacts repeat utilization as it relates to insurance. The low number of Medicaid reaching the MMU (5%) is concerning given the partnership with Public Health Centers. Understanding utilization based on insurance has implications for funding and future patterns of outreach. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-04-07.