cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A feasibility study of high-frequency buck regulators in nanometer CMOS technologies

The feasibility of implementing buck converters with switching frequencies of 200MHz and beyond to reduce the size of passive components to integrate-able levels is investigated. Switching losses at such high frequencies are compared to traditional converters implemented on typical analog power technologies to demonstrate that the scaling down of CMOS technologies to nanometer levels can indeed enable switching at such high frequencies while maintaining decent efficiency. Preliminary simulation results on a typical 45nm technology are used to verify the feasibility.
The Challenges of Daratumumab in Transfusion Medicine

The field of transfusion medicine has evolved rapidly in recent years, but the central principle of transfusion is still simple, namely, the antigen-antibody interaction. Daratumumab (DARA), a monoclonal antibody (MoAb), was developed to treat relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). DARA works by targeting the CD38 portion of malignant cells; however, this drug attaches to the red blood cell (RBC) reagents used in blood banks, further complicating the antibody identification work-up. The AABB (formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks) has issued a memorandum on how blood banks can effectively address panreactivity caused by DARA. Dithiothreitol (DTT), a common reagent in blood banks, has emerged as an inexpensive and practical way to dissolve panreactivity caused by DARA. However, DTT is known to destroy the Kell antigen blood group and other, less frequently encountered blood group antigens. Other promising alternative solutions, such as umbilical cord RBCs, screening cells, and neutralization, are not widely available yet. The exploration of these issues and options, in this review of the literature, is intended to guide blood bank technologists in dealing with panagglutination reactivity caused by DARA.
Asymmetry Parameter and Branching Ratio of Σ + → p γ

An experiment to study the decay ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\ensuremath{\gamma}$ was performed in the Berkeley 25-in. hydrogen bubble chamber. An analysis was made of 48 000 events of the type ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p+\mathrm{neutral}$ with ${K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ momenta near 400 MeV/c. The $\ensuremath{\Sigma}'\mathrm{s}$ produced in this momentum region are polarized because of the interference of the ${{Y}_{0}}^{*} (1520)$ amplitude with the background amplitudes. We have measured the proton asymmetry parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ for 61 ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\ensuremath{\gamma}$ events with an average polarization of 0.4. We found $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\ensuremath{-}{{1.03}_{\ensuremath{-}0.42}}^{+0.52}$. $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ predicts a value $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0$. A more restricted sample of events was used to determine the ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\ensuremath{\gamma}$ branching ratio. From 31 ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\ensuremath{\gamma}$ events and 11 670 ${\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ events, we found $\frac{({\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p\ensuremath{\gamma})}{({\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0})}=(2.76\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.51)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. The result is in agreement with the previous measurements.
Perspectives on Leadership Development

This chapter begins by considering the desired capacities of today’s organizational leaders. This is followed by a survey of leadership development methods and by a consideration of both the present state of ethical leadership development theories that have a process orientation and the ways in which ethical leadership development has focused on ethical decision-making models. The chapter resolves by discussing limitations in the scope and aims of the present state of research pertaining to leadership development.
Actinide-based MOFs: a middle ground in solution and solid-state structural motifs

In this review, we highlight how recent advances in the field of actinide structural chemistry of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) could be utilized towards investigations relative to efficient nuclear waste administration, driven by the interest towards development of novel actinide-containing architectures as well as concerns regarding environmental pollution and nuclear waste storage. We attempt to perform a comprehensive analysis of more than 100 crystal structures of the existing An (U,Th)-based MOFs to establish a correlation between structural density and wt% of actinide and bridge structural motifs common for natural minerals with ones typically observed in the solution chemistry of actinides. In addition to structural considerations, we showcase the benefits of MOF modularity and porosity towards the stepwise building of hierarchical material complexity and the capture of nuclear fission products, such as technetium and iodine. We expect that these facets not only contribute to the fundamental science of actinide chemistry, but also could foreshadow pathways for more efficient nuclear waste management.
Expansion of Adult Hepatitis A and B Vaccination in STD Clinics and Other Settings in New York State

Since 1995, the New York State (NYS) Adult Hepatitis Vaccination Program has promoted adult hepatitis B vaccination for those receiving sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic services. An average of 6,333 doses was administered annually from 1995 to 1999. By 2000, only 15 of 57 county STD programs in NYS outside of New York City participated. From 2000 to 2005, efforts to enroll county health departments and others included outreach, provision of hepatitis A and B vaccine, materials and training, and new collaborations. All 57 counties now participate. From 2000 to 2005, the number of settings offering hepatitis vaccination increased from 57 to 119. Sites include STD clinics; jails; migrant, Indian health, and college health centers; and methadone clinics. More than 125,000 doses of hepatitis A and B vaccine were administered from 1995 through 2005, with annual increases up to a high of 21,025 doses in 2005. Intensive promotion expanded hepatitis vaccination to all county STD clinics and other settings where high-risk adults can be vaccinated.
Far-field superresolution imaging using shaped acoustic vortices

The ability to overcome the limitations on resolution due to the effects of diffraction has attracted significant attention in recent years. Previously proposed methods to overcome this limit, and therefore achieve superresolution, have largely been restricted to operating within the near-field region of the aperture. In this work, we will describe how acoustic helicoidal waves can create acoustic vortices that are well below the resolution limit, and how this can enable far-field superresolution acoustic imaging. The acoustic vortices generated in this manner propagate from the near-field into the far-field through an arrangement of stable integer mode vortices, thereby enabling the generation of far-field superresolved features in the acoustic pressure field. In this paper, theoretical and numerical results will be presented for an acoustic aperture which is capable of generating superresolved far-field features in the radiated acoustic pressure, and results will be shown illustrating the superresolution capability of this novel technique. [Work supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix: Case report of a high grade tumor in a 20-year-old.

Abstract Introduction Goblet cell carcinoid (GCC) is an extraordinarily rare appendiceal tumor that is usually an incidental diagnosis on post-operative histology. It typically presents in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Our patient is the only reported case study of GCC in a pediatric-young adult. Due to its potentially poor prognosis, GCC is surgically treated as an adenocarcinoma, with right hemicolectomy as the mainstay of treatment. Presentation of case The patient was a 20-year-old male who presented with a history, physical exam, and work up consistent with acute appendicitis. He underwent an uneventful laparoscopic appendectomy and was diagnosed with a high grade GCC post-operatively. Discussion GCC is a rare tumor of the appendix with unique histological features including small rosettes with crescentic nuclei distended with mucin. It is often retroactively diagnosed with histology after a majority of patients present with acute appendicitis symptoms. The behavior of this tumor in pediatric-young adults is very poorly understood. Conclusion We review the literature for GCC of the appendix and illustrate a case report of a young, otherwise healthy 20-year-old who presented as appendicitis. Although rare, neoplasm must be kept in mind while offering non-operative management for acute appendicitis.
Food justice: cultivating the field

This article provides an evidence-based review of the growing field of food justice, which seeks to understand how inequalities of race, class and gender are reproduced and contested within food systems. Analyzing a database of peer-reviewed articles and books related to food justice in the US context (n = 200), we find that food justice is a highly interdisciplinary research area organized around three central axes: social movement activism, the development of alternative food practices, and analyses of inequalities in conventional and alternative food systems. Especially since 2011, the rate of new scholarship has increased, along with increased attention from policymakers and the public to the issues of inequality in the food system. This field has developed somewhat independently of work in the physical sciences quantifying and evaluating the sustainability of local food systems, instead focusing more on social science concepts such as historic and present-day inequalities and the role of policy. However, there is room for convergence, especially as our analysis points to agro-ecology and land tenure as areas of growing interest. Considering this recent growth and potential for collaboration with physical scientists, we reflect on the development of the field to date by characterizing the field of food justice research, asking what is missing, and suggesting new directions.
The relation of acculturation to overweight, obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes among U.S. Mexican-American women and men.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate and compare the prevalences of overweight, obesity, pre-diabetes and diabetes among a nationally representative sample of Mexican-American, non-Latino white and black adults, and by acculturation for Mexican-Americans. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: The NHANES 1999-2008 data sets were used. Binomial regression models were used to compute prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals to assess the relationships of race/ethnicity and acculturation with obesity, overweight, pre-diabetes and diabetes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overweight, obesity, pre-diabetes, and diabetes. RESULTS: Mexican Americans had a higher prevalence of overweight than white non-Latinos and Black non-Latinos. Obesity was significantly more prevalent among the most acculturated Mexican Americans but not the least acculturated. In contrast, the least acculturated Mexican Americans had the highest prevalence of overweight. The prevalence of pre-diabetes was higher among Mexican Americans than white non-Latinos and black non-Latinos. The most acculturated Mexican Americans had a higher prevalence of diabetes and the prevalence of pre-diabetes was elevated in less acculturated Mexican Americans. In both unadjusted and adjusted models, the less acculturated were significantly more likely to be overweight and significantly less likely to be obese, compared to more acculturated Mexican Americans, and acculturation was not associated with diabetes or prediabetes in adjusted models. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that obesity was less prevalent among the least acculturated Mexican-Americans but overweight was more prevalent. Ethn Dis . 2012 Winter;22(1):58-64.
Hospital responses to price shocks under the prospective payment system

Under the prospective payment system (PPS), hospitals receive a bundled payment for an entire episode of treatment based on diagnosis-related groups (DRG). Although there is ample evidence regarding the impact of the introduction of the PPS, there is little research on the effects of the ensuing changes in payment levels under the PPS. In 2005, the Medicare PPS changed its definition of payment areas from the Metropolitan Statistical Areas to the Core-Based Statistical Areas, generating substantial area-specific price shocks. Using these exogenous price variations, this study examines hospital responses to price changes under the PPS. The results demonstrate that, while the average payment amount significantly increases in the affected areas, no parallel trend is observed in admission volume, treatment intensity, and quality of services. Conversely, hospitals facing a price increase are more liable to the perverse incentives that the PPS is known to encourage, namely, selecting or shifting patients into higher-paying DRGs. These results suggest that paying a higher price for a given service may not induce hospitals to offer services of better quality, but can rather prompt even higher payments through other behavioral responses.
Characterization of postsurgical functional connectivity changes in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective Seizure outcome after mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) surgery is complex and diverse, even across patients with homogeneous presurgical clinical profiles. The authors hypothesized that this is due in part to variations in network connectivity across the brain before and after surgery. Although presurgical network connectivity has been previously characterized in these patients, the objective of this study was to characterize presurgical to postsurgical functional network connectivity changes across the brain after mTLE surgery. Methods Twenty patients with drug-refractory unilateral mTLE (5 left side, 10 female, age 39.3 ± 13.5 years) who underwent either selective amygdalohippocampectomy (n = 13) or temporal lobectomy (n = 7) were included in the study. Presurgical and postsurgical (36.6 ± 14.3 months after surgery) functional connectivity (FC) was measured with 3-T MRI and compared with findings in age-matched healthy controls (n = 44, 21 female, age 39.3 ± 14.3 years). Postsurgical connectivity changes were then related to seizure outcome, type of surgery, and presurgical disease parameters. Results The results demonstrated significant decreases of FC from control group values across the brain after surgery that were not present before surgery, including many contralateral hippocampal connections distal to the surgical site. Postsurgical impairment of contralateral precuneus to ipsilateral occipital connectivity was associated with seizure recurrence. Presurgical impairment of the contralateral precuneus to contralateral temporal lobe connectivity was associated with those who underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy compared to those who had temporal lobectomy. Finally, changes in thalamic connectivity after surgery were linearly related to duration of epilepsy and frequency of consciousness-impairing seizures prior to surgery. Conclusions The widespread contralateral hippocampal FC changes after surgery may be a reflection of an ongoing epileptogenic progression that has been altered by the surgery, rather than a direct result of the surgery itself. This network evolution may contribute to long-term seizure outcome. Therefore, the combination of presurgical network mapping with the understanding of the dynamic effects of surgery on the networks may ultimately be used to create predictors of the likelihood of long-term seizure recurrence in individual patients after mTLE surgery.
Proteomics for bioforensics

Abstract Proteomics is a useful tool for addressing numerous questions regarding any protein-containing sample. These questions can include indicators of production method or growth environment, such as whether a given microorganism is a wild or laboratory-adapted strain, or whether the growth medium used to culture a specific microorganism contains hydrolyzed milk casein or other components that can be used to narrow down the potential source of a given microbial sample. In addition, proteomics can address not only whether a protein toxin such as ricin is present in a sample but also collect information on other untargeted proteinaceous sample components, providing additional forensic context. This chapter briefly introduces proteomics methods and provides examples of bioforensic applications.
ReDRAM: A Reconfigurable Processing-in-DRAM Platform for Accelerating Bulk Bit-Wise Operations

In this paper, we propose ReDRAM, as a reconfigurable DRAM-based processing-in-memory (PIM) accelerator, which transforms current DRAM architecture to massively parallel computational units exploiting the high internal bandwidth of modern memory chips. ReDRAM uses the analog operation of DRAM sub-arrays and elevates it to implement a full set of 1- and 2-input bulk bit-wise operations (NOT, (N)AND, (N)OR, and even X(N)OR) between operands stored in the same bit-line, based on a new dual-row activation mechanism with a modest change to peripheral circuits such sense amplifiers. ReDRAM can be leveraged to greatly reduce energy consumption and latency of complex in-DRAM logic computations relying on state-of-the-art mechanisms based on triple-row activation, dual-contact cells, row initialization, NOR style, etc. The extensive circuit-architecture simulations show that ReDRAM achieves on average 54× and 7.1× higher throughput for performing bulk bit-wise operations compared with CPU and GPU, respectively. Besides, ReDRAM outperforms recent processing-in-DRAM platforms with up to 3.7× better performance.
Ubiquitination and E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Rare Neurological Diseases with Comorbid Epilepsy

Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that can dynamically alter the function, degradation and transport of a protein, as well as its interaction with other proteins, and activity of an enzyme. Dysfunctional ubiquitination is detrimental to normal cellular functions, and can result in severe diseases. Over the last decade, although much research has focused on deciphering the role of the ubiquitination/ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in the onset and progression of various neurological disorders, the specific relationship between ubiquitination and various epilepsies has not been carefully reviewed. As an increasing amount of research has revealed the roles of ubiquitination in the trafficking of ion channels and the turn-over of synaptic receptors, it is crucial to take a deeper look into ubiquitination-associated epilepsy. Here, we review the role of ubiquitination in maintaining normal cellular activities in neurons and recent findings on the dysregulation of ubiquitination in epilepsy. We particularly focus on rare neurological disorders with comorbid epilepsy in the hope of drawing more attention to this area. Through categorizing epilepsy-associated E3 ubiquitin ligases and their substrates and discussing ubiquitination-related rare neurological disorders, we summarize where the field stands at the moment and what directions we should consider in the future.
7 – Discipline and Discharge

Despite strenuous best efforts to select, train, and supervise a worker, failures will occur. This chapter reviews the process of assessing failing workers and what to do about them. The emphasis is on making reasonable accommodations to underperforming workers and search for means to raise them above minimally acceptable standards. When an employee is discharged for cause, security and human resources need to be in touch. Subperforming employees at all levels represent a risk when they are terminated. A strategy for assessing untoward risk and reducing it is presented.
A synoptic climatology of rain-on-snow flooding in Mid-Atlantic region using NCEP/NCAR Re-Analysis

Rain-on-snow (ROS) flooding is common throughout the Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic region primarily during late winter and spring. Six recent (2007–2013) widespread snowmelt-related flood events th...
Evaluation of the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) framework through deep phenotyping of problem drinkers

Abstract Background To advance the development of a neuroscience-informed understanding of alcohol use disorder (AUD) through the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) framework, the present study reports on deep phenotyping of a large sample of problem drinkers. Methods Participants (n = 1679) were primarily heavy drinkers with and without AUD, who completed a phenotypic battery of well-validated scales and behavioral measures of alcohol use and problems, mood, attention, and impulsivity. These scales were subjected to sequential factor analytic work in order to derive a factor solution that explains biobehavioral variation in the sample. To assess the construct validity of the resulting factor solution, scores on each factor were associated with demographic and clinical indicators. Results Factor analysis techniques using indicators of alcohol use and problems, mood, attention, and impulsivity implicated four functional domains that compliment and extend the proposed ANA domains: negative alcohol-related consequences, incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function. Demographic and clinical variables significantly predicted scores on all ANA domains. Conclusions This study provides an independent test of the recently proposed neuroscience-based ANA framework. Results largely support the novel approach in identifying four core constructs in problem drinkers. Future studies can deepen our understanding of how these domains are relevant to AUD by incorporating biomarkers.
206 Changes in Sleep Due to the COVID Pandemic Associated with Sleep Environment

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in adverse impacts on sleep for many people. The physical environment has been a focus for health-related behaviors during the pandemic since movement restrictions have led to a heightened awareness of the living environment. This study examined whether those whose physical environment was more disruptive to sleep systematically experienced more pandemic-related sleep problems. Methods: A sample of N=419 US adults completed online surveys (mostly during the summer months) about sleep and COVID-19 experiences. Participants were asked the degree to which they endorsed statements that due to the pandemic, (1) they were able to keep a regular schedule, (2) they had more problems falling asleep, (3) they had more problems with nighttime awakenings, (4) they experienced more daytime sleepiness, and (5) they napped more. Sleep environment was assessed using the Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE), a 13-item questionnaire that quantifies the degree to which sleep is disrupted environmental influences (scores range from 0-39). Ordinal logistic regression analyses, with degree of agreement with statements about changing sleep due to the pandemic as outcome, ASE score as independent variable, and age and sex as covariates. Results: Worse sleep environment was associated with a decreased likelihood of being able to keep a regular schedule (oOR=0.96, p<0.04) and an increased likelihood of more problems falling asleep (oOR=1.04, p<0.02), problems with nighttime awakenings (oOR=1.03, p<0.02), daytime sleepiness (oOR=1.03, p<0.03), and napping (oOR=1.03, p<0.04). Post-hoc analyses examine contributions of individual items, and the one that was independently most associated with changes in sleep was sleeping environment being too warm. Conclusion: Those with a more disruptive sleep environment experienced a greater degree of problematic sleep problems as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The fact that these assessments largely took place in warmer months may explain why sleeping environments being “too warm” was especially salient.
Soccer Technique for Women

(1928). Soccer Technique for Women. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 190-192.
The Submillimeter Telescope Observatory

The Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona and the Max-PlanckInstitut fur Radioastronomie (Germany) have collaborated on the construction and operation of a dedicated submillimeter telescope facility. The Submillimeter Telescope Observatory (SMTO) has been formed to operate the facility for the two partner institutions. The facility is located at an altitude of 3200 meters on Mt. Graham in southeast Arizona. The 10 m diameter telescope is an alt-azimuth mounted f/13.8 Cassegrain homology telescope with two Nasmyth foci. The telescope has diffraction limited performance at a wavelength of 300 microns. During the last year, the telescope reflector surface has been adjusted to 20 microns rms and initial astronomical observations have begun.
Band contour analyses of the spectra of asymmetric rotor molecules . Part II. The 2400-Å absorption of formyl fluoride

Abstract The rotational contour of the HCOF absorption band at 2482 A is re-analyzed, in asymmetric, rigid-rotor approximation. This band, which is similar in appearance to most other bands between 2200 A and 2500 A, is found to exhibit a transition moment perpendicular to the plane of the molecule, that is parallel to the axis of largest inertia, c . By comparison of computed contours with the observed one it is determined that the upper state inertial constants are A = 2.1663, B = 0.3904, and C = 0.3282 cm −1 .
Introductory Econometrics: Using Monte Carlo Simulation with Microsoft Excel

This highly accessible and innovative text with supporting web site uses Excel (R) to teach the core concepts of econometrics without advanced mathematics. It enables students to use Monte Carlo simulations in order to understand the data generating process and sampling distribution. Intelligent repetition of concrete examples effectively conveys the properties of the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator and the nature of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation. Coverage includes omitted variables, binary response models, basic time series, and simultaneous equations. The authors teach students how to construct their own real-world data sets drawn from the internet, which they can analyze with Excel (R) or with other econometric software. The accompanying web site with text support can be found at www.wabash.edu/econometrics.
Sharing Incentives and Fair Division for Multiprocessors

The trend in datacenter computing is toward large, shared hardware platforms, which poses two challenges to architects: sharing fairly and sharing multiple resources. Drawing on economic game theory, the authors rethink fairness in computer architecture and propose Resource Elasticity Fairness to find fair allocations that ensure sharing incentives, envy-freeness, Pareto efficiency, and strategy proofness in large systems
Integrative and Conjugative Elements (ICEs): What They Do and How They Work

Horizontal gene transfer plays a major role in microbial evolution, allowing microbes to acquire new genes and phenotypes. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs, a.k.a. conjugative transposons) are modular mobile genetic elements integrated into a host genome and are passively propagated during chromosomal replication and cell division. Induction of ICE gene expression leads to excision, production of the conserved conjugation machinery (a type IV secretion system), and the potential to transfer DNA to appropriate recipients. ICEs typically contain cargo genes that are not usually related to the ICE life cycle and that confer phenotypes to host cells. We summarize the life cycle and discovery of ICEs, some of the regulatory mechanisms, and how the types of cargo have influenced our view of ICEs. We discuss how ICEs can acquire new cargo genes and describe challenges to the field and various perspectives on ICE biology.
Fiber optic gyro technology trends - a Honeywell perspective

This paper presents the evolution of FOG development and performance capabilities at Honeywell. A timeline of key milestones is given, and the technology developments and resulting performance improvements are outlined. Data from Honeywell's strategic-grade, high-precision FOGs (HPFOG) is included. Their applications include navigation and attitude reference, predominantly in the commercial aircraft industry.
trans-Cinnamaldehyde stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis through PGC-1α and PPARβ/δ leading to enhanced GLUT4 expression

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia, and is increasing in incidence and severity. This work explored the effects of trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA) on carbohydrate metabolism, mitochondrial content, and related metabolic gene and protein expression in cultured myotubes treated with various concentrations of CA for up to 24 h. CA treatment increased myotube myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) along with glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content. CA treatment also significantly increased expression of markers of improved oxidative metabolism including 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α), cytochrome c (CytC), as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARβ/δ. Despite increased expression of proteins associated with improved oxidative metabolism and glucose uptake, CA-treated myotubes exhibited significantly reduced oxidative metabolism compared with controlled cells. Additionally, CA treatment increased markers of glucose-mediated lipid biosynthesis without elevated PPARγ and sterol receptor element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression. The ability of CA to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and GLUT4 expression suggests CA may offer possible benefits for metabolic disease. However, increases in markers of fatty acid synthesis with simultaneously reduced oxidative metabolism suggest CA may have counterproductive effects for metabolic disease, warranting a need for further investigation.
Light intensity and judged duration

Judged duration as a function of stimulus intensity was studied for both audition and vision, with loudness and luminance output equated. More intense sounds and lights were judged longer than less intense auditory and visual durations, and this intensity effect was greater for vision. The judged-duration/stimulus intensity relationship appears to represent as stable a psychophysical phenomenon as the fact that judged intensity grows as a function of stimulus duration.
Pulsatile Flow and Mass Transport Over an Array of Cylinders: Gas Transfer in a Cardiac-Driven Artificial Lung

The pulsatile flow and gas transport of a Newtonian passive fluid across an array of cylindrical microfibers are numerically investigated. It is related to an implantable, artificial lung where the blood flow is driven by the right heart. The fibers are modeled as either squared or staggered arrays. The pulsatile flow inputs considered in this study are a steady flow- with a sinusoidal perturbation and a cardiac flow. The aims of this study are twofold: identifying favorable array geometry/spacing and system conditions that enhance gas transport; and providing pressure drop data that indicate the degree of flow resistance or the demand on the right heart in driving the flow through the fiber bundle. The results show that pulsatile flow improves the gas transfer to the fluid compared to steady flow. The degree of enhancement is found to be significant when the oscillation frequency is large, when the void fraction of the fiber bundle is decreased, and when the Reynolds number is increased; the use of a cardiac flow input can also improve gas transfer. In terms of array geometry, the staggered array gives both a better gas transfer per fiber (for relatively large void fraction) and a smaller pressure drop (for all cases). For most cases shown, an increase in gas transfer is accompanied by a higher pressure drop required to power the flow through the device.
“You're my one and only”: Premarital counseling for unrealistic beliefs about mate selection

Abstract Nine unrealistic beliefs about selecting a mate are described and contrasted to more functional, alternative beliefs as a premarital counseling technique to help single individuals in the mate selection process. Other useful cognitive therapy techniques and bibliotherapy resources for use in premarital counseling for unrealistic beliefs are also described.
Analogously based reusability

Abstract A study is reported in which 10 expert analysts were requested to reuse a specification to develop a solution for an analogous problem. The study examined analytic and problem-solving strategies used by analysts to understand and reuse the analogous specification. Results revealed that painstaking and careful reuse of the specification was a critical determinant of analytic success, although results varied by individual. However, the reusable specification proved less effective for evaluation of the analyst's solution. Analysts preferred to assimilate and understand the analogy from a narrative describing the underlying reusable domain rather than from the reusable specification, hence knowledge about the problem domain appeared to be more important than solution knowledge in determining the analogy. Strategies employed by expert analysts have implications for didactic and reuse strategies incorporated in an intelligent advisor to assist inexperienced analysts to reuse analogous specifications.
Response of selected fetal organs to antineoplastic agents

Abstract This study was designed to quantitate the effects of 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC) and 5-(3,3-bis(2-chlorethyl)-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (BIC) on growth and selected components of rat fetal organs. Twelve-day pregnant rats were given single intraperitoneal injections of 600 mg/kg of DIC and 900 mg/kg of BIC and autopsied on day 21 of gestation. Fetal liver, brain, kidney, and placenta were removed, weighed, and assayed for total DNA, RNA, and protein. DIC significantly reduced weight, total DNA, RNA, and protein of all four fetal organs as compared to age-matched controls. The brain was most severely affected by this compound. BIC also significantly reduced weight, DNA, RNA, and protein of fetal brain, kidney, and placenta, but in fetal liver only weight and total protein were significantly depressed, while DNA and RNA remained essentially unchanged. The effect of BIC was maximal on the placenta.
Movement of nitrate fertilizer to glacial till and runoff from a claypan soil

Although water from 20 to 25% of shallow farmstead wells in northern Missouri has concentrations of nitrate (NO 3 - ) exceeding 10 mg L -1 as nitrogen (N), many potential sources for this NO 3 - are usually present. A field experiment was designed to trace and isolate the amount of a single application of N fertilizer lost to a glacial-till aquifer and runoff from a 400 m 2 corn (Zea mays L.) plot with bromide (Br - ) and isotopically labeled ( 15 N) fertilizer. Soil at the plot is a Albaquic Hapludalf of the Adco Series containing a 61 cm claypan beneath 41 to 43 cm of topsoil. Groundwater levels ranged from 0.38 to 2.40 m below the land surface. Transport of water and NO 3 - to the saturated zone was not substantially retarded by the claypan. Labeled-N fertilizer accounted for as much as 8.6 mg L -1 of the NO 3 - (as N) in groundwater, but only in the top I to 2 m of the saturated zone. After two growing seasons (16 mo), <2% of the labeled-N fertilizer was lost to runoff, about 30% was in the saturated zone, 27.3% was removed with the grain, and about 5% remained in the unsaturated zone. A large part of the remaining labeled N may have been lost in gaseous N forms. The presence of labeled NO 3 - only in the top 2 m of the aquifer, slow horizontal transport, and winter recharge indicate grass crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.) might be used to extract near-surface N during the winter recharge period. Also, fall fertilizations can be expected to readily leach. Because groundwater concentrations of labeled NO3 were still increasing after two growing seasons, rotation of crops requiring small N inputs could be expected to limit the cumulative effect of large annual fertilizer applications on groundwater.
Cytological and ultrastructural comparisons of t12/t12 and normal mouse morulae.

Cytological and ultrastructural observations were made of normal (BALB/c) mouse morulae and embryos homozygous for the t12 mutation, which is lethal at the late morula stage. Normal and t12/t12 embryos are indistinguishable cytologically until the late morula stage, at which time cytoplasmic and nuclear differences become apparent. Different cells within individual normal morulae exhibit differences in cytoplasmic basophilia, and the cells appear closely applied to one another. Differences in cytoplasmic basophilia are not apparent between different cells of t12/t12 morulae, and the cells appear more rounded and less closely applied. Nucleoli of normal morulae are irregular in shape, with projections which often reach the nuclear envelope, while nucleoli of t12/t12 morulae exhibit extreme rounding. Nucleoli of normal embryos exhibit a net-like nucleolonema, with fibrillar and granular elements, and several pars amorpha. Nucleoli of t12/t12 morulae possess the same structural elements but the nucleolonema appears contracted. Nuclei of mutant embryos often contain several agranular electron-dense bodies, 0.1–0.7 μ in diameter. These are infrequently observed in normal morulae. Ribosomes exist primarily in clusters in normal morulae, but large numbers of free ribosomes are observed in t12/t12 morulae. Many structures are common to both normal and mutant morulae, such as: fibrous strands, crystalloids, granular endoplasmic reticulum, vacuolated mitochondria, cytoplasmic vesicles, tight junctions, nuclear pores, and intranuclear annulate lamellae. Since the abnormalities exhibited by t12/t12 morulae can be interpreted as degenerative changes, they do not resolve the mode of action of the t locus or the primary cause of t12/t12 lethality.
Role of Protein Phosphatases in Cyclic AMP-mediated Stimulation of Hepatic Na+/Taurocholate Cotransport

Cyclic AMP has been proposed to stimulate Na+/taurocholate (TC) cotransport in hepatocytes by translocating Na+/TC cotransport polypeptide (Ntcp) to the plasma membrane and to induce Ntcp dephosphorylation. Whether protein phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1/2A) are involved in the regulation of Na+/TC cotransport by cAMP was investigated in the present study. Okadaic acid and tautomycin, inhibitors of PP1/2A, inhibited cAMP-mediated increases in TC uptake and cytosolic [Ca2+], and only tautomycin inhibited basal TC uptake. Removal of cAMP reversed cAMP-mediated increases in TC uptake and plasma membrane Ntcp mass. Okadaic acid alone increased Ntcp phosphorylation without affecting Ntcp mass in plasma membranes and homogenates. In the presence of okadaic acid, cAMP failed to increase plasma membrane Ntcp mass, induce Ntcp dephosphorylation, and decrease endosomal Ntcp mass. Phosphorylated Ntcp was detectable in endosomes isolated from okadaic acid-treated hepatocytes but not in endosomes from control and cAMP-treated hepatocytes. PP1 was found to be enriched in plasma membranes, whereas PP2A was mostly in the cytosol. Cyclic AMP did not activate either PP1 or PP2A, whereas okadaic acid inhibited primarily PP2A. These results suggest that 1) the effect of cAMP on Na+/TC cotransport is not mediated via either PP1 or PP2A; rather, cAMP-mediated signaling pathway is maintained by PP2A and inhibition of PP2A overrides cAMP-mediated effects, and 2) okadaic acid, by inhibiting PP2A, inhibits cAMP-mediated increases in Na+/TC cotransport by decreasing the ability of cAMP to increase cytosolic [Ca2+]. It is proposed that cAMP-mediated dephosphorylation of Ntcp leads to an increased retention of Ntcp in the plasma membrane, and okadaic acid, by inhibiting PP2A, inhibits cAMP-mediated stimulation of Na+/TC cotransport by reversing the ability of cAMP to increase cytosolic [Ca2+] and to induce Ntcp dephosphorylation.
Heterocyclic. Compounds. X. Bis(2‐chloroethyl)amino substituted β‐lactams as potential antineoplastic agents

The synthesis of variously substituted β-lactams carrying a bis(2-chloroethyl) amino group is described. Some of these compounds show mild antitumor activity and low toxicity.
The Affordable Care Act and the Opportunity to Improve Prevention in Women; How to Make the Most of the Law

Preventable chronic illnesses cause 7 of 10 American deaths each year and account for 75% of US healthcare spending (1). Women are disproportionately affected by chronic disease, which negatively impacts their quality of life and their economic status (2). Women's major chronic illnesses are estimated to cost about $466 billion per year, which does not include lost potential income and additional economic impact to women and their families (2). Prevention and access to preventive services are critical to maintaining a woman's health across the lifespan. Women's preventive care is especially important for the health of future generations given the direct impact a woman's health has on birth outcomes. Yet, despite the importance of preventive care, more than half of American women are not up to date on recommended preventive services (3). A major barrier to preventive care is cost. Women use more healthcare services than men, due in part to more complex reproductive healthcare needs, longer life expectancies, and higher rates of chronic disease (4, 5). Yet women often have lower mean incomes and greater difficulty affording care. Even minimal levels of cost sharing, in the form of copays and other out-of-pocket expenses, may have a negative impact on the utilization of preventive services (3). Fortunately, the Affordable Care Act (ACA)4 takes a number of steps to improve health through a robust prevention policy. At the centerpiece of the ACA's prevention initiative is the elimination of cost sharing for many preventive services, including 8 key women's health preventive services recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and adopted by the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on August 1, 2012 (Table 1). Prevention and early detection of health conditions or diseases identified during a well-woman visit and regular preventive screenings can lead to effective …
Solving Code-tracing Problems and its Effect on Code-writing Skills Pertaining to Program Semantics

An earlier study had found that solving code tracing problems helped improve code writing skills of students. But, given the instruments used in the earlier study, the improvement in code writing pertained primarily to language syntax. A follow-up within-subjects controlled study was conducted to investigate whether solving code tracing problems could help improve code writing skills pertaining to the semantics of a program. In the study, students were asked to write code for a control and a test problem both before and after a problem-solving session on code tracing. Increase in the score from pre-quiz to post-quiz was treated as improvement in code writing attributable to code tracing. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the data collected over four semesters. A statistically significant improvement in code writing skills pertaining to program semantics was observed on the test problems, but not on control concepts in the control problems. The improvement in code-writing skills as they pertain to program semantics accrued to the students who scored 90% or more on code-tracing problems in this study. Finally, the transfer in learning from code-tracing activities to code-writing skills may be near as well as far.
Quantitative studies of liquid food transmission in ants

Tranmission of honey in several species of ants was studied using radioactive iodide as a tracer. Great variation in transmission rates between species was noted, ranging from negligible transmission over a ten-day period (inPogonomyrmex badius) to complete colony saturation within thirty hours (inFormica spp.). The honey was passed mostly among workers, very little being given to the queens or larvae. Indirect evidence is cited which suggests the occurrrence of chain transmission beyond the primary donations given by the original foragers.
Synthesis of functional polypropylene via solid-phase grafting soft vinyl monomer and its mechanism

Solid-phase grafting of a soft vinyl monomer, butyl methylacrylate (BMA), onto polypropylene (PP) matrixes with 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator was carried out to enhance the polarity of polymer. Soft vinyl monomer was a novel notion in grafting modification of PP. Effects of swell time, BMA concentration, AIBN concentration, grafting reaction time, and temperature on grafting percentage (Gp) and grafting efficiency (Ge) were examined. The optimal conditions of grafting reaction were obtained: swell time of 60 min, BMA concentration of 6 wt %, AIBN concentration of 0.05 wt %, reaction temperature of 85°C, and reaction time of 2 h. The grafting samples were investigated by such characterization techniques as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. FTIR results indicated that BMA was actually grafted onto PP backbone. TGA results showed that the decomposition temperature increases with addition of BMA into PP backbone. SEM results indicated that the surfaces of PP-g-BMA had a markedly bumpy texture, whereas the pure PP surface was very smooth. Water contact angle results showed that the polarity and hydrophilicity of PP were improved effectively. Compared with the traditional monomer MAH, Gp, and Ge, melt flow rate and mechanical property results all indicated that the soft vinyl monomer had a many advantages in the modification of PP. In the end, the mechanism of solid grafting was discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Clinical and Translational Sciences: At the Intersection of Molecular and Individualized Medicine

Advances in patient care exploit opportunities offered by discovery paradigms and their translation to therapeutic interventions. 1 Critical challenges in therapy at present include disease specificity, interpatient variability, and off‐target effects. 2 Molecular medicine provides a powerful catalyst for diagnostic and therapeutic platforms tailored to the genetic and molecular profile of individual patients to improve specificity, reduce variability, and minimize adverse events. 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 Indeed, advances in molecular medicine have transformed the contemporary therapeutic landscape from drug discovery through identification of drugable targets, development through stratification of patients and diseases, regulation through identifying pathways mediating off‐target effects, and utilization through matching patients with their optimal drug regimens. 2 , 7 , 8 This revolution in molecular therapeutics has entrained an evolution in biology and medicine. Insights achieved in molecular and genetic mechanisms directing cell, tissue, and organ function and their interface with the environment are translated to identify pathophysiological risks, define exogenous and endogenous mechanisms mediating disease susceptibility, target mechanism‐based therapeutic interventions, and tailor prevention and control strategies to provide integrated patient‐specific life‐long disease management. 9 , 10 The emerging field of clinical and translational science drives the leading edge advancing discovery from the laboratory bench to evidence‐based practice at the bedside, and beyond to populations, to transform the clinical enterprise and create predictive, personalized, and preemptive paradigms for customized patient‐specific therapeutic strategies. 3 , 5 , 9 , 11