cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapy with c-kitPOS Cardiac Stem Cells for Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Cell-based therapies aimed at reconstituting damaged myocardium have the potential to transform the treatment and prognosis of heart failure. Over the last decade, c-kitPOS cardiac stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising cell types. Several independent research groups have demonstrated their utility in alleviating left ventricular dysfunction in animal models of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Stem Cell Infusion in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy (SCIPIO), the first clinical trial of c-kitPOS CSCs, has produced promising results. In this trial, administration of autologous CSCs to patients with ischemic heart failure was found to be safe and feasible; in addition, CSC-treated patients exhibited a significant improvement in cardiac function, as well as a reduction in scar size and an improvement in quality of life. However, many unanswered questions remain regarding the use of c-kitPOS CSCs for cardiac repair, and many hurdles need to be overcome to establish the efficacy of this new therapy.
The impact of delirium on healthcare utilization and survival after transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Objectives We assessed whether post-operative delirium is associated with healthcare utilization and overall survival after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement. Background Delirium, a common syndrome among hospitalized older adults, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Methods We reviewed 294 transcatheter aortic valve replacement cases between June 2008 and February 2015 at a tertiary care academic medical center. Post-operative delirium was identified by confusion assessment method screening and clinician diagnosis. Results Delirium was identified in 61 patients (21%). Non-femoral access for trans-catheter aortic valve replacement was more common in delirious patients than in non-delirious patients (41% vs. 27%, P = 0.04). Delirious patients had diminished overall survival after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement compared to non-delirious patients (1-year survival 59% vs. 84%, log-rank P = 0.002). After adjusting for age, Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted 30-day mortality, and access type; delirium remained independently associated with diminished overall survival (hazard ratio 2.01, 95% confidence interval 1.21–3.33, P = 0.007). The delirium group had longer mean hospital stay (13.3 ± 9.5 days vs. 6.7 ± 3.8 days, P < 0.001) and a higher rate of discharge to a rehabilitation facility (61% vs. 27%, P < 0.001), but there was no difference in 30-day hospital re-admission rates or 30-day mortality based on delirium status. Conclusions Delirium occurs in one out of five patients after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement and is associated with diminished survival and increased healthcare utilization. Further studies are needed to clarify whether strategies aimed at reducing delirium after trans-catheter aortic valve replacement may improve outcomes in this high-risk subset. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collaborative practices and partnerships across school mental health and pediatric primary care settings

AbstractEducation and primary care sectors have been called upon to attend to shortages in access to mental health services among children and adolescents. In response, these settings have increasingly attempted to address this need, though research exploring such collaborative efforts remains limited. The current special issue features research examining collaborations between school and paediatric primary care settings, bringing original research and clinical examples to bear on partnerships which leverage opportunities to improve access to high-quality mental health care. Articles in this special issue underscore the positive youth outcomes associated with effective collaboration across these systems and augment the literature describing innovative and successful approaches to this work. Further, articles in this issue identify barriers to collaborative efforts and present opportunities for future research and practice.
Identifying brain nociceptive information transmission in patients with chronic somatic pain.

Introduction Recent advances regarding mechanisms of chronic pain emphasize the role of corticolimbic circuitry in predicting risk for chronic pain, independently from site of injury-related parameters. These results compel revisiting the role of peripheral nociceptive signaling in chronic pain. We address this issue by examining what brain circuitry transmit information regarding the intensity of chronic pain and how this information may be related to a common co-morbidity, depression. Methods Resting state functional MRI was used in a large group of chronic pain patients (n=40 chronic back pain, CBP, and n=44 osteoarthritis, OA patients), and in comparison to healthy subjects (n=88). We used a graph theoretical measure, degree count, to investigate voxel-wise information sharing/transmission in the brain. Degree count, a functional connectivity based measure, identifies the number of voxels functionally connected to every given voxel. Subdividing the chronic pain cohort into discovery, replication, and also for overall group we show that only degree counts of diencephalic voxels centered in the ventral lateral thalamus reflected intensity of chronic pain, independently of depression. Results Pain intensity was reliably associated with degree count of the thalamus, which was correlated negatively with components of the default mode network and positively with the periaqueductal grey (in contrast to healthy controls). Depression scores were not reliably associated with regional degree count. Conclusion Collectively the results suggest that, across two types of chronic pain, nociceptive specific information is relayed through the spinothalamic pathway to the lateral thalamus, potentiated by pro-nociceptive descending modulation, and interrupting cortical cognitive processes.
STUDIES ON PERMEABILITY OF MEMBRANES : VI. MENSURATION OF THE DRIED COLLODION MEMBRANE (CALCULATION OF DIMENSIONS AND OF RELATIONS TO CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANES).

The flat type of dried collodion membrane used by Michaelis and his associates in numerous investigations has been subjected to mensuration in order that the dimensions of these membranes may be placed on record. The membranes had a functioning area of about 30 cm., were approximately 0.1 mm. in thickness and were composed on the average of 87 per cent by volume of collodion and 13 per cent by volume of pores. In reviewing some of the previously reported results of diffusion experiments with non-electrolytes in the light of the calculated values for the total pore area for the same membranes additional evidence was presented to show that a smaller molecule (acetone) probably utilizes a much larger percentage of the total pore area for its diffusion than is available for a larger molecule (glycerol). By using the figures of Fricke and McClendon for the thickness of the membrane of the red blood cell some comparisons were drawn between the dried collodion membrane as a model for certain biological membranes and the red blood cell membrane. In these comparisons emphasis was placed on the exaggerated importance of small electromotive forces and very slight permeabilities when these were associated with membranes of such extreme thinness as the red blood cell membrane.
Generalization of Bloch's theorem for arbitrary boundary conditions: Theory

Can one steer a material by its surface? A generalization of Bloch's theorem to arbitrary boundary conditions reveals actionable links going from surface physics towards changing overall electronic properties. Furthermore, it predicts the existence, in short-range systems, of topological zero-energy modes with power-law corrections, and answers basic questions about system sizes, for which bulk and surface properties merge. The theorem yields exact inversion-free diagonalization algorithms, potentially of interest for large-scale band-structure calculations, by leveraging two new constructs: the analytic continuation of the Bloch Hamiltonian off the Brillouin zone and the boundary matrix that efficiently encodes the interplay between bulk and boundary conditions.
Functional significance of missense variants in BRCA1

1314 BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene product involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA-damage repair, cell-cycle control and the maintenance of genomic integrity. Germ-line mutations in the BRCA1 gene predispose individuals to breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer-associated BRCA1 mutations abolish its transcriptional activity, indicating that this activity is crucial for the maintenance of the normal phenotype. Development of cancer requires the loss of the wild type allele, since the inherited mutation predisposing allele is recessive. A substantial number of BRCA1 germ-line mutations encode for missense variants. Classification and predictive risk assessment are difficult due to a lack of information about their impact on the BRCA1 tumor suppressor function. Classification of missense variants into cancer-predisposing mutations or benign polymorphisms is crucial for identifying individuals at risk. In this study, we have investigated 13 missense variants for their ability to activate transcription in both yeast and mammalian transcriptional assays. Five variants (H1402Y, H1421Y, S1512I, M1628T, T1720A) were able to activate transcription comparably to the wild-type BRCA1 and are likely to be benign polymorphisms. Eight variants (L1407P, M1628V, T1685I, G1706A, A1752P, G1788V, V1809F and W1837R) showed significantly reduced ability to activate transcription similar to the known deleterious controls and likely represent cancer-associated variants. This study contributes to a better understanding of BRCA1 unclassified variants and has important implications for carriers of these mutations.
And then there were six: a revision of the genus Phanolinopsis Scheerpeltz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae)

The previously monotypic genus Phanolinopsis Scheerpeltz is revised and four species are described as new: Phanolinopsis erythros sp. n. from Guatemala and Panama, Phanolinopsis goniakos sp. n. from Costa Rica, Phanolinopsis metaksenios sp. n. from Costa Rica and Panama, and Phanolinopsis norahae sp. n. from Colombia and Ecuador. Torobus fassli (Bernhauer) is transferred to Phanolinopsis as Phanolinopsis fassli comb. n. Detailed morphological illustrations and a key is provided for the identification of the species.
Coupled vs. decoupled subsidies with heterogeneous firms in general equilibrium

We develop a competitive general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms and endogenous entry and exit to contrast the effects of coupled and decoupled subsidies. Unlike coupled subsidies, decou...
Robust multiobjective optimization with application to Internet routing

Robust optimization addressing decision making under uncertainty has been very well developed for problems with a single objective function and applied to areas of human activity such as portfolio selection, investment decisions, signal processing, and telecommunication-network planning. As these decision problems typically have several decisions or goals, we extend robust single objective optimization to the multiobjective case. The column-wise uncertainty model can be carried over to the multiobjective case without any additional assumptions. For the row-wise uncertainty model, we show under additional assumptions that robust efficient solutions are efficient to specific instance problems and can be found as the efficient solutions of another deterministic problem. Being motivated by the fact that Internet traffic must be maintained in a reliable yet affordable manner in situations of complex and dynamic usage, we apply the row-wise model to an intradomain multiobjective routing problem with polyhedral traffic uncertainty. We consider traditional objective functions corresponding to link utilizations and implement the biobjective case using the parametric simplex algorithm to compute robust efficient routings. We also present computational results for the Abilene network and analyze their meaning in the context of the application.
CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Interlaminar Epidural Steroid Injections in the Cervical Spine: Rate of Nontarget Injection Into the Retrodural Space of Okada.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of inadvertent injection into the retrodural space of Okada during CT fluoroscopy–guided interlaminar epidural steroid injection in the cervical spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Images from cases of cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection under CT fluoroscopic guidance performed at a single institution between November 2009 and November 2015 were obtained and reviewed. For all cases, the following information was recorded: presence or absence of contrast material within the Okada space, cervical anatomic level at which the procedure was performed, laterality of approach, trainee presence, and years of proceduralist experience. Two-tailed chi-square tests were used to assess categoric variables, and t tests were performed to assess for continuous variables predictive of nontarget injection. RESULTS. A total of 974 CT fluoroscopy–guided cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections were identified in 728 patients. The presence of contrast...
Static Design of Spin Transfer Torques Magnetic Look Up Tables for ASIC Designs

In this paper, we propose a static approach to the design of Spin Transfer Torque Look Up Tables (STT-LUT) for integration in ASIC and investigate the sensing reliability in the proposed design in detail. The proposed design style utilizes STT-Latches that their sensing reliability is key in determining the overall reliability of the proposed static STT-LUT. The simulation results in a 10nm FinFET CMOS technology shows that the proposed static STT-LUT design exhibits up to 26% read delay reduction compared to the best dynamic STT-LUT design, and more than 2.5X reduction in sensing failure rate.
Measurement of R = σ L / σ T in the Nucleon Resonance Region

Inclusive electron–proton inelastic cross sections have been measured in the nucleon resonance region at four–momentum transfer range between 0.2 and 5 (GeV/c)2 at Jefferson Lab. The data are utilized for precision measurement of R and the structure functions F2, F1, and FL in the resonance region. The results show that R exhibits resonance structure and the longitudinal resonant component is significant. The quark–hadron duality is verified for all unpolarized structure functions. A global fit to R and F2 in this region is obtained.
Unusual Graphic Representations of Complex Data

An informal potpourri of novel graphics techniques for signal analysis is presented. Some areas of the work are touched upon to give the reader just a flavor of an application. Additional information is in the referenced publications. In order to encourage reader involvement, computational hints and recipes for producing the figures are provided. “Who knows what secrets of nature lay buried in the terabytes of data being generated each day by physicists studying the results of numerical simulations or the image of a distant galaxy. Given the volume and complexity of scientific data, visualization in the physical sciences has become a necessity in the modern scientific world.” Robert Wolff
CT texture analysis of pancreatic cancer

We investigated the value of CT texture analysis (CTTA) in predicting prognosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer. Sixty patients with unresectable pancreatic cancers at presentation were enrolled for post-processing with CTTA using commercially available software (TexRAD Ltd, Cambridge, UK). The largest cross-section of the tumour on axial CT was chosen to draw a region-of-interest. CTTA parameters (mean value of positive pixels (MPP), kurtosis, entropy, skewness), arterial and venous invasion, metastatic disease and tumour size were correlated with overall and progression-free survivals. The median overall and progression-free survivals of cohort were 13.3 and 7.8 months, respectively. On multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, presence of metastatic disease at presentation had the highest association with overall survival (p = 0.003–0.05) and progression-free survival (p < 0.001 to p = 0.004). MPP at medium spatial filter was significantly associated with poor overall survival (p = 0.04). On Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of CTTA parameters at medium spatial filter, MPP of more than 31.625 and kurtosis of more than 0.565 had significantly worse overall survival (p = 0.036 and 0.028, respectively). CTTA features were significantly associated with overall survival in pancreas cancer, particularly in patients with non-metastatic, locally advanced disease. • CT texture analysis is easy to perform on contrast-enhanced CT. • CT texture analysis can determine prognosis in patients with unresectable pancreas cancer. • The best predictors of poor prognosis were high kurtosis and MPP.
Modified home range kernel density estimators that take environmental interactions into account.

Kernel density estimation (KDE) is a major tool in the movement ecologist toolbox that is used to delineate where geo-tracked animals spend their time. Because KDE bandwidth optimizers are sensitive to temporal autocorrelation, statistically-robust alternatives have been advocated, first, data-thinning procedures, and more recently, autocorrelated kernel density estimation (AKDE). These yield asymptotically consistent, but very smoothed distributions, which may feature biologically unrealistic aspects such as spilling beyond impassable borders. I introduce a semi-parametric variant of AKDE designed to extrapolate more realistic home range shapes by incorporating movement mechanisms into the bandwidth optimizer and into the base kernels. I implement a first approximative version based on the step selection framework. This method allows accommodating land cover selection, permeability of linear features, and attraction for select landscape features when delineating home ranges. In a plains zebra (Equus quagga), the reluctance to cross a railway, the avoidance of dense woodland, and the preference for grassland when foraging created significant differences between the estimated home range contours by the new and by previous methods. There is a tradeoff to find between fully parametric density estimators, which can be very realistic but need to be provided with a good model and adequate environmental data, and non-parametric density estimators, which are more widely applicable and asymptotically consistent, but whose details are bandwidth-limited. The proposed semi-parametric approach attempts to strike this balance, but I outline a few areas of future improvement. I expect the approach to find its use in studies that compare extrapolated resource availability and interpolated resource use, in order to discover the movement mechanisms that we need to improve the extrapolations.
A Reactive Element Approach to Improve Fracture Healing in Metallic Systems

Self-healing materials demonstrate the ability to close fractures and regain mechanical integrity after a catastrophic failure. However, self-healing in metals can be inhibited by the natural tendency for technologically-relevant metallic systems to oxidize on the crack surface. This study seeks to provide a thermodynamically-based mechanism to enhance healing capability at a solid/liquid interface through alloys designed with a reactive element alloying addition possessing a lower free energy of oxide formation than the parent element. In this study, model Sb-Cu and Sb-Zn systems enable comparisons between mechanistic behaviors based only on thermodynamic reactivity. Mechanical and microstructural investigation demonstrated that the more reactive alloying addition resulted in more effective bonding through increasing bond area and load-bearing capacity of the system. The improved bonding was attributed to improved wetting and reduction of the passivating surface oxide across an interface. The work has potential to advance self-healing capabilities in metallic systems through more appropriate alloy selection to enable improved healing.
Personal trauma among healthcare providers: implications for screening practices

Screening rates for trauma are low in health care settings. We examined the association between health care providers’ (HCPs) experience of physical or sexual trauma and their screening of female p...
The Great and Holy Council and the Orthodox Churches in the Public Sphere

This paper explores how the Orthodox churches may be actively present in the public sphere of a plural society. It argues – based on the explicit desire of the Orthodox Church in the Great and Holy Council of Crete (2016) – that the presence of the Orthodox Church in the public sphere must be theologically informed and at the same time sensitive to the social realities of liberal democratic societies. The Orthodox churches must take into account the fact that in the public sphere, all communities in their differences are claiming the right to be recognized in their particularity, to be respected, and to have the right to be active participants in public deliberations on matters that regulate their shared life. The Orthodox churches direly need to acquire attitudes and conversational skills that allow them to respect, converse, and collaborate with those who do not share their worldview. Insights from the writings of the political philosophies of John Rawls, Jurgen Habermas, and Charles Taylor may provide helpful guidance on these matters. At the same time, the paper argues that the Orthodox churches must go beyond their expressed desires to be actively present in the public sphere of liberal democratic states and begin to identify those aspects of their tradition that impair their robust presence and performance in modern societies.
Incidence and survival trends of parotid malignancies over 42 years

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of information regarding the incidence and survival of parotid malignancies over time. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results population-based cancer registry was queried for parotid malignancies from 1973 to 2015. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence of parotid malignancies has increased by 58.1% (7.87-12.44 per 1 000 000). Analysis of histologic type revealed an increased annual percent change (APC) of acinar cell carcinoma (1.38) and squamous cell carcinoma (1.58), but decreased APC of adenoid cystic carcinoma (-1.63) and adenocarcinoma NOS (-0.86) (P < .05). The disease-specific survival of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenocarcinoma NOS, and squamous cell carcinoma significantly improved (P < .05) over time. CONCLUSION The incidence of parotid cancer is rising steadily since 1973, while the incidence of overall head and neck cancer has decreased. Further research is necessary to understand the etiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of parotid cancer to curb its rising incidence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Fate of Viruses Following Land Application of Sewage Sludge. II. Field Experiments (monitoring of lagooned sludge, soil and ground water)

ABSTRACT Enteroviruses associated with aerobically and anaerobically digested sludge were determined before addition of the sludge to a sludge lagoon. The fate of the sludge-associated viruses was followed during detention of sludge in the lagoon and after application of sludge to land for disposal. While digested sludge was being added to the lagoon, enteroviruses were readily detected in grab samples of sludge from the lagoon. The level of sludge-associated viruses dropped to low or undetectable levels following disposal of sludge on land and during periods when addition of digested sludge to the lagoon was suspended. Enteroviruses were not detected in water from deep wells located on the sludge disposal site or near the lagoon. During the initial part of the study, polio serotypes accounted for greater than 90% of the viruses identified. Later, polio serotypes comprised less than 50% of the virus isolates and ECHO and Coxsackie viruses were the most common enteroviruses identified.
Civil war places: seeing the conflict through the eyes of its leading historians

Civil War Places is a wonderfully conceived project. Gary Gallagher and Matte Gallman have assembled an all-star cast of historians and have invited them to reflect on their favorite Civil War plac...
Modularization of New Course for Integration in Existing Curriculum

Abstract There is a challenge with most existing curricula whenever new materials need, or want, to be inserted because most curricula are at the upper limit in terms of number of credits. This is an issue that becomes even more challenging due to the current trend of reducing the number of credits required for a bachelor’s degree. Additionally, there are new technologies and applications that are desirable in an existing curriculum, but presenting an even bigger challenge when trying to include them. The objective of this study is to have fluid power content in an existing curriculum, a modularized complete course has been developed, giving the option to be fully included as a stand-alone course or being included as modules in different courses in the program.
Sub-cellular compartmentalization of Jak2 as a unique mechanism for the inhibition of Jak2-Stat3 signaling

2390 Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a cytokine receptor associated tyrosine kinase. Binding of cytokines to their specific receptors leads to their dimerization and activation of associated JAKs. Activated JAKs phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic chains of the receptor, which now act as docking sites for SH2 containing latent transcription factors known as STATs. Once bound to the receptor, STATs are activated by JAKs through phosphorylation of their tyrosine residues. Activated STATs form stable dimers and translocate to the nucleus, where they bind specific promoter sequences of their target genes involved in cell proliferation and survival, such as Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, c-myc and cyclin D1. Tumor cell lines and samples derived from hematopoetic malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma) and solid tumors (breast, head and neck, lung, prostrate and ovarian cancers) exhibit deregulated JAK-STAT signaling, which can be attributed to autocrine cytokine production or growth factor stimulation by tumor cells or microenvironment. Tel-JAK2 mutants, caused by chromosomal translocations, are constitutively active and induce myeloid and lymphoid leukemias. Recent studies have also demonstrated an activating mutation in JAK2 (V617F) which underlies many myeloid disorders. Tryphostin AG490 is the most commonly studied kinase inhibitor of JAK2. Although AG490 inhibits tumor cell growth and increases sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli in vitro, in vivo studies have been less promising as AG490 has limited activity in animals and high concentrations (50-100 μM) are required to achieve significant anti-tumor effects. In a search for more effective inhibitors of JAK2, our research group screened over 300 analogs of AG490 for their ability to inhibit JAK2. Based in structure activity analysis, a small molecule inhibitor was designed and synthesized (WP1130), which inhibited JAK2 mediated STAT3 activation by inducing down regulation of JAK2 at low μM concentrations. JAK2 down-regulation by WP1130 was a rapid process which could not inhibited by proteasomal, lysosomal, or other serine/threonine protease inhibitors. Recent results show that WP1130 treatment causes translocation of JAK2 from the soluble cytoplasmic fraction into the detergent insoluble fraction. Altered partitioning of JAK2, not direct kinase inhibition, appears to be responsible for the suppression of downstream signaling. Compartmentalization of JAK2 by WP1130 has been seen in most cell lines examined and is distinct from other commercially available JAK2 inhibitors. In vivo studies also show WP1130 has significant anti-tumor effects as compared to parental AG490 compound. Other kinases such as HER2, Btk, Src etc are not effected by WP1130, demonstrating its target specificity. The unique mechanism of WP1130 may be exploited for therapy in many forms of cancers and malignancies where JAK2 plays pivotal role.
A New Legal Framework for Online Anonymity

The Internet might never have developed into a free and open forum in the US countries and many other democracies if users weren't guaranteed at least some level of anonymity. However, under the current legal framework used by most courts, that anonymity is elusive for many types of online behavior. California's new approach to anonymity recognizes the longstanding need for privacy that's fundamental to online life. Courts in the US and other nations can and should learn from California's approach and recognize anonymity as a fundamental right to privacy.
Teaching NeuroImage: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Related Fasciitis and Myositis With Perifascicular Atrophy

A 58-year-old man with melanoma treated with ipilimumab/nivolumab presented with pain, limited joint mobility, and proximal weakness without oculobulbar weakness, dyspnea, or rash. EMG demonstrated positive sharp waves, fibrillations, and myopathic units. Extremity MRI showed diffuse fascial and mild muscle enhancement consistent with fasciitis/mild myositis (Figure). Creatinine kinase was normal. PET-CT demonstrated diffusely fluorodeoxyglucose-avid lymph nodes and muscles; lymph node biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation suggesting immune checkpoint inhibitor-related inflammatory reaction. Biceps biopsy demonstrated perifascicular atrophy (PA) and fascial/perimysial perivascular inflammation (Figure).
Does biochar application alleviate soil compaction? Review and data synthesis

Abstract Biochar is considered to enhance numerous soil ecosystem services, but whether it alleviates soil compaction is not well known. This paper: 1) synthesizes the biochar impacts on soil compaction parameters including bulk density, penetration resistance, aggregate tensile strength, Proctor maximum bulk density (soil compactability), and the water content at which the Proctor maximum bulk density occurs (critical water content), 2) discusses potential factors affecting biochar performance, and 3) compares the impacts of biochar on soil compaction with those of other amendments. Literature indicates that biochar generally reduces bulk density, tensile strength, and Proctor maximum bulk density; and increases the critical water content but may or may not reduce penetration resistance. Biochar reduces bulk density from −1% to −20% (-8.8% average), tensile strength from −8 to −72% (-31% average), and Proctor maximum bulk density from −1 to −19% (-9.3% average), whereas it increases the critical water content from 1 to 64% (21% average). The increase in critical water content suggests soils with biochar can be trafficked at higher water content without causing compaction than soils without biochar. An increase in biochar application rate reduces soil compaction and explains 11% to 63% of the variability in compaction parameters, but biochar benefits can be short-lived ( 20 Mg ha−1) can be needed for reducing penetration resistance and Proctor maximum bulk density than for other compaction parameters. Biochar has similar benefits to manure for reducing soil bulk density and can complement other organic amendments for reducing soil compaction. How biochar feedstock, pyrolysis temperature; and companion amendments; and soil texture influence biochar impacts on compaction is still unclear. Overall, biochar has the potential to alleviate soil compaction, but more long-term field data, particularly on penetration resistance, Proctor maximum bulk density, and critical water content for multiple biochar application rates, feedstocks, pyrolysis temperature; and amendments are needed to better elucidate biochar effects, biochar longevity, and optimum levels of biochar application.
Effect of bone marrow stimulation on arthroscopic repair of anterior talofibular ligament

Objective: To investigate the effect of simultaneous bone marrow stimulation in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) on arthroscopic repair of anterior talofibular ligament. Methods: The clinical data of 33 patients with ankle instability treated by operation in Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 20 males and 13 females with a mean age of (31±9) years. According to the type of surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: ligament repair group (arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament repair) and bone marrow stimulation group (arthroscopic anterior talofibular ligament repair+talus microfracture). Visual analogue scale (VAS), American Orthopedic Foot And Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, time to return to work and time to return to sport were compared between the two groups. Results: In the ligament repair group, the preoperative VAS score and the AOFAS score was 5.0±1.9 and 72.4±9.0, respectively, and it was 1.1±1.6 and 95.5±5.2 at the last follow-up, respectively. In the bone marrow stimulation group, the preoperative VAS score and the AOFAS score was 5.8±1.9 and 64.8±12.6, respectively, and it was 1.8±1.5 and 93.1±5.6 at the last follow-up, respectively. The scores of VAS and AOFAS were significantly improved in both groups after the operation, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (both P>0.05). There was no significant difference in time to return to work and return to sport between the two groups (both P>0.05). Conclusion: When repairing the anterior talofibular ligament under arthroscopy, simultaneous bone marrow in the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus does not affect the postoperative functional recovery and the time to return to work/sport, and satisfactory clinical results also can be obtained.
Miconia solearis, a new combination to replace the illegitimate Miconia magnifolia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America

In our recently published monograph of the Octopleura clade of Miconia Ruiz & Pavon (1794: 60, Gamba & Almeda 2014) we proposed a number of new combinations and new names to reflect the nested position of this assemblage of 33 species within the large and diverse Neotropical genus Miconia based on morphological and molecular data sets. In proposing the new name, Miconia magnifolia Gamba & Almeda (2014: 91), we overlooked the epithet of a heterotypic synonym that should have been adopted. Miconia magnifolia is therefore illegitimate and nomenclaturally superfluous according to Article 52.1 of the International Code of Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2012) and is to be rejected because it included the type of a heterotypic synonym whose epithet was available and not already pre-empted in Miconia.
Novel Arenavirus Entry Inhibitors Discovered by Using a Minigenome Rescue System for High-Throughput Drug Screening

ABSTRACT Certain members of the Arenaviridae family are category A agents capable of causing severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans. Specific antiviral treatments do not exist, and the only commonly used drug, ribavirin, has limited efficacy and can cause severe side effects. The discovery and development of new antivirals are inhibited by the biohazardous nature of the viruses, making them a relatively poorly understood group of human pathogens. We therefore adapted a reverse-genetics minigenome (MG) rescue system based on Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, for high-throughput screening (HTS). The MG rescue system recapitulates all stages of the virus life cycle and enables screening of small-molecule libraries under biosafety containment level 2 (BSL2) conditions. The HTS resulted in the identification of four candidate compounds with potent activity against a broad panel of arenaviruses, three of which were completely novel. The target for all 4 compounds was the stage of viral entry, which positions the compounds as potentially important leads for future development. IMPORTANCE The arenavirus family includes several members that are highly pathogenic, causing acute viral hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality rates. No specific effective treatments exist, and although a vaccine is available for Junin virus, the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, it is licensed for use only in areas where Argentine hemorrhagic fever is endemic. For these reasons, it is important to identify specific compounds that could be developed as antivirals against these deadly viruses.
Bacteriophage T4 encodes an RNase H which removes RNA primers made by the T4 DNA replication system in vitro.

RNase H activity increases markedly after bacteriophage T4 infection of Escherichia coli MIC2003, an RNase H-deficient host. We have extensively purified the RNase H from these T4-infected cells and have shown that the RNase H activity copurifies with a 5' to 3' DNA exonuclease activity. The N-terminal sequence of a 35-kDa protein copurifying with the RNase H activity matches the terminus of the predicted product of an open reading frame (designated ORF A or 33.2) upstream of T4 gene 33, identified previously by Hahn and co-workers (Hahn, S., Kruse, U., and Ruger, W. (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 9311-9327). Plasmids containing ORF A under the control of the T7 promoter express RNase H and 5' to 3' DNA exonuclease activities as well as a protein that comigrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels with the 35-kDa protein present in the RNase H purified from T4-infected cells. T4 RNase H removes the pentamer RNA primers from DNA chains initiated by the T4 primase-helicase (gene products 61 and 41). Addition of T4 RNase H and T4 DNA ligase leads to extensive joining of discontinuous lagging strand fragments in the T4 DNA replication system in vitro.
Ibn Taymiyya, Radical Polymath, Part I: Scholarly Perceptions

Ibn Taymiyya has aroused a spectrum of both positive and negative perceptions in the pre-modern and modern worlds. His heterodox legal, political, and theological views routinely upset religious and state authorities, and throughout his life (661/1263–728/1328), his unpopular opinions led him to prison on a number of occasions, including the final months before he died. Despite his enemies, his admirers were also many, and according to some accounts, hundreds of thousands attended his funeral. By all accounts, such conflicted perceptions remained across the centuries. Contemporary scholarship, moreover, continues to cast Ibn Taymiyya in polarizing manners. Some see him as a social and intellectual deviant while others draw on him as a key source of inspiration in both political and religious realms. ‘Salafi’ and ‘Wahhabi’ movements have selectively adopted his views, ranging from jihād to anti-Sufi tendencies and the promotion of state-sponsored Islamic law (sharī‘a). The complex polymath, however, wrote prodigiously on numerous topics including theology, political theory, qur'anic exegesis, jurisprudence, and mysticism. This article surveys Ibn Taymiyya's life with particular attention to biographical perceptions in the pre-modern and modern worlds. The second part of this article explores Ibn Taymiyya's intellectual contributions to a number of debates in his lifetime and following, with particular attention to how secondary scholarship has framed his work.
A comparison of two interactive MCDM procedures

Abstract A number of interactive procedures exists for multiple criteria decision making ( mcdm ). Different procedures may be better suited for different types of decision makers, for different types of decision situations or for different stages in the decision making process. This paper compares the computational performance of, and specifically the quality of the solutions generated by, two similar, yet contrasting, interactive procedures, the simolp procedure of Reeves and Franz, and the Tchebycheff procedure of Steuer and Choo. Both procedures were easy to use and produced good quality solutions, although some differences in the performance of the two methods were observed.
Advancing Competent Social Work Practice

Summary Training Child Protective Services (CPS) workers for competency-based practice has received increasing attention in recent years. This article examines and critiques current approaches in CPS training. A new approach using computer-based training (CBT) programs to enhance competency of CPS workers is presented. Implementation issues of CBT, including costs, adequacy of computer technology, resistance to the technology and ethical considerations, are also discussed. A multi-modal approach to integrate CBT with self-instruction manuals, classroom training, video-based materials, and supervisor-assisted instruction is recommended.
Water Surface Profile for Horseshoe Tunnel

A method of calculating water surface profile for USBR standard horseshoe tunnel is developed. The method uses direct-integration process on energy principle. Equations describing geometry of this particular cross section are listed. Numerical values of hydraulic exponents are presented in both table and curves. Application examples show the easiness of profile calculation and comparisons with step-by-step procedures.
On the Effect of Elasticity on Drag Reduction Due to Polymer Additives Using a Hybrid D.N.S. and Langevin Dynamics Approach

ON THE EFFECT OF ELASTICITY ON DRAG REDUCTION DUE TO POLYMER ADDITIVES USING A HYBRID D.N.S. AND LANGEVIN DYNAMICS APPROACH
On Faithfully Knowing an Infinite God: Humility as an Intellectual Virtue in Gregory of Nyssa's Contra Eunomium II

This article explores the concept of intellectual humility, a crucial but undertreated dimension of Gregory of Nyssa's thought, first by focusing on a key section of Contra Eunomium II, and then by contrasting this account with contemporary versions of Kantian humility. While Gregorian and Kantian humility share similarities on the surface (e.g. both dwell on our inability to know the ‘essence’ of a thing), Gregory's vision of the virtue is formed through engagement with the biblical text and in the quest to know an infinite, self-revealing God. In contrast to the flat resignation that characterizes Kantian versions of epistemic humility, Gregory's account of humility not only restrains but also empowers its practitioners in theological reflection.1
Carcinoplacental Alkaline Phosphatase: Base Level and Hormone-induced Activity Associated with Events in the Cell Cycle*

Using HeLa TCRC-1, a cell line which is monophenotypic with respect to the Regan isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, we have examined the factors which influence its expression in relation to events of the cell cycle. DNA synthesis is not required for hormone induction of the Regan isoenzyme as in the presence of hydroxyurea, a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, we found induction to occur. Additionally, when partially synchronised cells were allowed to leave the S period prior to hormone treatment, and hydroxyurea was added to prevent cells from entering the next S period, hormone induction of the Regan isoenzyme was still observed. This indicates that initiation of expression of hormone-induced carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase occur prior to the DNA synthetic phase of the cell cycle. We propose a hypothetical two-step mechanism of hormone induction to interpret the present findings in relation to previous results.
IgG4-related meningeal disease: clinico-pathological features and proposal for diagnostic criteria

IgG4-related disease has evolved from originally being recognized as a form of pancreatitis to encompass diseases of numerous organs including the hypophysis and one reported case of dural involvement. A search of the University of Virginia, Division of Neuropathology files for 10 years identified ten cases of unexplained lymphoplasmacytic meningeal inflammation that we then evaluated using immunohistochemical stains for IgG4 and IgG. Ten control cases including sarcoidosis (4), tuberculosis (1), bacterial abscess (2), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (2), and foreign body reaction (1) were also examined. The number of IgG4-positive plasma cells was counted in five high power fields (HPFs) and an average per HPF was calculated. Cases that contained greater than ten IgG4-positive cells/HPF were considered to be IgG4-related. Five of the study cases met these criteria, including one case of leptomeningeal inflammation. All cases exhibited the typical histological features of IgG4-related disease including lymphoplasmacytic inflammation, fibrosis, and phlebitis. The dural-based lesions appear to represent a subset of the cases historically diagnosed as idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis. While the leptomeningeal process most closely resembles non-vasculitic autoimmune inflammatory meningoencephalitis. Given these findings, IgG4-related meningitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of meningeal inflammatory lesions after stringent clinical and histologic criteria are used to rule out other possible diagnoses.
The Effect of Hadacidin on Bud Development and its Implications for Apical Dominance

Hadacidin, which is known to inhibit the enzyme adenylo-succinate synthetase, was applied locally to lateral buds on decapitated Pisum sativum L. plants. In controls the buds grew out normally, but the treated buds were almost completely inhibited. After a delay, the buds overcame the inhibition, and their subsequent outgrowth could be further hastened by the local application of a cytokinin. The inhibition, unlike that due to IAA, was not transported to a second bud, and it could be largely reversed by kinetin or dimethylallylaminopurine. Adenine itself produces little or no reversal, however. There was some reversal by aspartic acid, which is known to reverse, at least partially, the hadacidin inhibition of the isolated enzyme. It is deduced that lateral bud development is dependent on the synthesis of a cytokinin, which may take place by a biochemical route similar, but probably not identical, to that for adenine. It follows that this synthesis takes place locally in the bud itself.
The role of anti-α-enolase autoantibodies in pathogenicity of autoimmune-mediated retinopathy

Autoantibodies against α-enolase, a glycolytic enzyme, have been frequently associated with visual loss and retinal degeneration in patients with autoimmune and cancer-associated retinopathy; however their role in the pathogenicity of retinopathy has not been fully explained. Thus, we examined the causative role of anti-enolase antibodies on retinal cells. In the in vitro studies reported here, we found that Enol-1 monoclonal antibody against α-enolase significantly inhibited the catalytic function of enolase, which resulted in the depletion of glycolytic ATP. Enol-1 significantly increased intracellular Ca2+, which led to Bax translocation to the mitochondria, and the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm—events that correlated with the initiation of apoptosis. Normal IgG did not induce intracellular calcium or reduce cytosolic ATP. L-type voltage-gated calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, D-cis-diltiazem, and verapamil) were effective in blocking the Ab-induced intracellular Ca2+ rise and induction of Bax. Based on these findings we propose that chronic access of autoantibodies to the retina results in the inhibition of enolase catalytic function, depletion of ATP, and elevation in intracellular Ca2+, leading to deregulation of glycolysis in retinal neurons and their destruction.
Mixed Use by Default: How the Europeans (Don’t) Zone

Zoning is such a cornerstone of the US planning system that for US planners it may be hard to imagine that one can regulate development without it. But is zoning a widely shared institution? Is it ...
The joint distribution of the three types of nodes in uniform binary trees

We consider random binary trees under the uniform probability model. Such trees have three types of nodes: Nodes of outdegree 0 (the leaves), 1, and 2. We determine the exact distribution of the number of nodes of each type and show that jointly the three types of nodes asymptotically have a trivariate normal distribution. That trivariate normal limit distribution is completely characterized.