cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Against Luck-Free Moral Responsibility

Every account of moral responsibility has conditions that distinguish between the consequences, actions, or traits that warrant praise or blame and those that do not. One intuitive condition is that praiseworthiness and blameworthiness cannot be affected by luck, that is, by factors beyond the agent’s control. Several philosophers build their accounts of moral responsibility on this luck-free condition, and we may call their views Luck-Free Moral Responsibility (LFMR). I offer moral and metaphysical arguments against LFMR. First, I maintain that considerations of fairness that often motivate LFMR do not require its adoption. Second, I contend that LFMR has counterintuitive implications for the nature and scope of praiseworthiness and blameworthiness and that LFMR is vulnerable to a reductio ad absurdum. Third, I state some common reasons for thinking that LFMR’s commitment to true counterfactuals of libertarian freedom is problematic, and I argue that if there are no such true counterfactuals and if LFMR is true, a person is praiseworthy and blameworthy at most for a tiny fraction of her actions. Fourth, I argue that proponents of LFMR cannot escape this skeptical cost by appealing to a different kind of counterfactual of freedom. Fifth, I develop an anti-skeptical motivation to affirm the idea that luck can affect moral responsibility.
Robust Gain-Scheduling Output Feedback Control With Noisy Scheduling Parameters

Robust Gain-Scheduling (RGS) control strategy has been considered in this paper. In contrast to the conventional gain-scheduling synthesis methods, the scheduling parameters are assumed to be inexactly measured. This is a practical assumption since measurement noise is inevitable even with very accurate sensors. Multi-simplex modeling approach was used to model the scheduling parameters and their uncertainties in a convex domain. Sufficient conditions in terms of Parametrized Linear Matrix Inequalities (PLMIs) for synthesizing dynamic output-feedback controllers are derived. The resulting controller not only guarantees robust stability and H2 performance but also ensures robustness against scheduling parameters uncertainties. The effectiveness of the developed conditions is demonstrated through numerical example with simulation and comparisons with existing approaches from literature. The comparison results confirm that the developed approach outperforms the existing ones considerably.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Topical localization in mouse of radioactive silver oxide [(Ag111)2O] introduced by various routes.

Summary and Conclusions(1) Radioactive silver (Ag111) was injected in the form of the insoluble oxide into subcutaneous tissue and serous cavities of normal and tumor bearing (Sarcoma 180, Carcinoma C3H/BA, Sarcoma McGhee, Carcinoma EO771) mice, in doses of 0.1 or 0.2 millicurie. Twenty-four hours later the animals were sacrificed; in each series some mice were used for autoradiography and others for testing radioactivity of their tissues and organs with Geiger counter. (2) Subcutaneously injected (Ag111)2O is stored in normal mice mainly in the injected area and in smaller proportion by liver and spleen; in subcutaneous tumor bearing mice, the major portion of silver oxide injected in vicinity of the malignant growth is taken up by malignant tissue. (3) (Ag111)2O injected into the normal pleural cavity is stored mainly by lungs and liver, and in tumor bearing cavity—by malignant exudate and implants. Similar difference in distribution was recorded for normal and tumor bearing peritoneal cavities. (4) It ...
The Fibonacci Sequence and Allied Trigonometric Identities

(1940). The Fibonacci Sequence and Allied Trigonometric Identities. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 85-89.
THE FUTURE FOR DRUG TREATMENT OF VIRAL DISEASE.

Clinically useful agents are now available for certain viral infections, and great hope can be based on the fact that established viral disease will respond to drug treatment. The belief that virus vaccines can be the only solution to viral disease may be weakening slightly. Some alternatives to vaccines might be in order. It seems unlikely that a single approach will be suitable against all viral disease.
REASEARCH OF OIL FILELD GROUND WATER INJECTION SYSTEM PROGRAMMING TECHNIQIUE

The ground water injection system is the important part of oil field flooding system, its programming influences the investment and running cost of total system. The programming method of the ground flooding system was studied in this paper and the total optimization problem was separated two parts, the programming of water injection branch line and that of water injection trunk line. In the programming of water injection branch line, a mathematical model aimed at system investment and reliability was proposed, the resolve method of this model was also provided. In view of the features of water injection trunk line, the optimization of trunk line and the minimum investment was reached through optimization of pump station position, defining the alignment of main trunk line and the intersection point of trunk line and branch line under the situation of meeting the demand of water injection technology.
“A Glorified Maginot Line”?: The Frontier and the Second World War, 1939–1946

When war broke out in Europe in September 1939, British officials throughout the subcontinent dug in for a long and protracted conflict. The Viceroy, Linlithgow, declared India at war with the King’s enemies without consulting a single Indian politician on the night of 3 September and, whereas the authorities in the First World War had waited until 1915 to drastically curtail civil liberties, in 1939 Delhi immediately went to work on war legislation. Shortly thereafter, the British administration regained total control of most of India’s provinces. Congress ministers, who had resigned in protest over Linlithgow’s unilateral declaration, were replaced by Governor’s rule under section 93 of the Government of India Act.1 In the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), Dr. Khan Sahib’s Congress government resigned at the beginning of 1940, and Sir George Cunningham took up the reins of power under section 93, before passing it off to a Muslim League ministry in 1943.2
Psychogenic Purpura (Autoerythrocyte Sensitization)

A 41-year-old woman has had a long history of repeated episodes of recurrent painful ecchymotic lesions. Results of coagulation tests were normal other than a slight decrease in antithrombin III. Skin tests were positive in response to the patient's own washed red cells. Light and electron microscopy of both the spontaneous and the induced lesions showed nonspecific changes but failed to reveal immunologic vasculitis. Psychologic evaluation showed hysterical and masochistic traits, depression, anxiety, and inability to deal appropriately with hostile impulses. Placebo was successful on several occasions in controlling or modifying the severity of the ecchymotic lesions.
SU-F-T-08: Brachytherapy Film Dosimetry in a Water Phantom for a Ring and Tandem HDR Applicator

Purpose: The feasibility of dose measurement using new generation EBT3 film was explored in a water phantom for a ring and tandem HDR applicator for measurements tracking mucosal dose during cervical brachytherapy. Methods: An experimental fixture was assembled to position the applicator in a water phantom. Prior to measurement, calibration curves for EBT3 film in water and in solidwater were verified. EBT3 film was placed at different known locations around the applicator in the water tank. A CT scan of the phantom with applicator was performed using clinical protocol. A typical cervical cancer treatment plan was then generated by Oncentra brachytherapy planning system. A dose of 500 cGy was prescribed to point A (2 cm, 2 cm). Locations measured by film included the outer surface of the ring, measurement point A_m (2.2 cm, 2.2 cm), and profiles extending from point A_m parallel to the tandem. Three independent measurements were conducted. The doses recorded by film were carefully analyzed and compared with values calculated by the treatment planning system. Results: Assessment of the EBT3 films indicate that the dose at point A matches the values predicted by the planning system. Dose to the point A_m was 411.5 cGy, and the outer circumferential surface dose of the ring was between 500 and 1150 cGy. It was found that from the point A_m, the dose drops 60% within 4.5 cm on the line parallel to the tandem. The measurement doses agree with the treatment planning system. Conclusion: Use of EBT3 film is feasible for in-water measurements for brachytherapy. A carefully machined apparatus will likely improve measurement accuracy. In a typical plan, our study found that the ring surface dose can be 2.5 times larger than the point A prescription dose. EBT3 film can be used to monitor mucosal dose in brachytherapy treatments.
Irradiation-Induced Voids and Bubbles

The formation and growth of voids and bubbles is of intense interest for material performance in radiation environments at elevated temperature. The first observation of voids in irradiated metals was published by Cauthorne and Fulton in 1967 (Cauthorne and Fulton, in Nature 216:575, 1967). Voids can have a profound influence on material properties because solids undergo volumetric swelling when voids form and grow. It has been suggested that the US breeder reactor program experienced a setback of nearly a decade by this surprising observation, as scientists scrambled to understand this phenomenon and the consequences to reactor internals. Since that time, a great deal of effort has been expended toward understanding their formation and growth.
The Kittanning Destroyed Medal

On May 1, 2006, western Pennsylvania began the celebration of the 250th anniversary of the Seven Years’ War with an exhibit entitled Clash of Empires: The British, French, and Indian War, 1754–1763, the largest known exhibition on the conflict, at the Senator John Heinz Regional History Center in Pittsburgh. Nestled among the nearly three hundred rare artifacts and paintings was the “Kittanning Destroyed Medal,” the first documented medal engraved and struck for military honor in British North America. Originally struck in silver by order of the Corporation of the City of Philadelphia, it was presented by Mayor Attwood Shute to Colonel John Armstrong, who led the Second Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment against the Indian village of Kittanning on September 8, 1756, in retaliation for the raiding and burning of Fort Granville approximately a month before. The front of the medal displays the battle at Kittanning; it shows a military officer followed by two sol-diers, with an Indian prostrate on the ground before them. In the back-ground, the Indian village is burning. The reverse side portrays the Philadelphia Corporation’s coat of arms. Although this original medal is one of the rarest American treasures, it is easy to find in the historical literature—it is invariably mentioned as a fitting commemoration of Armstrong’s raid. Despite its historical significance and value, however, there has been no attempt to document the medal’s history or explain its meaning.
Guidelines for Assessing and Establishing Effective Questionnaires in a Multicultural Context

Typically researchers have viewed culture from a country perspective. This ignores the very real fact that virtually all cultures consists of distinct subcultures. In fact, societies, to a large degree are subculturally detennined (Wood and Howell, 1991). In the United States, for example, "social indicators suggest that our society is becoming increasingly multicultural...26% of the U.S. population will be composed of distinct ethnic minorities by the year 2000...a multicultural society is becoming an acceptable norm" (Lee and Tse, 1994, p. 57). Multiculturalism, however, is not restricted solely to the United States. Many other countries, including Australia, Malaysia, and South Africa, are comprised of varied and distinct cultural groupings. O’Guinn, Imperia and Mac Adams (1987) noted that ethnicity has been used as a criterion for segmenting markets and its use by marketers and advertisers will become increasingly important. Although many studies that are reported in the literature deal with between country-type cultural differences, increased research efforts are being directed in looking at the cultural differences that exist within a country’s borders. In order to conduct effective research, however, care must be taken in the development and utilization of questionnaire instruments that are sensitive to the problems unique to multicultural research.
Effects of egg type on depredation of artificial ground nests

ABS' rACT.-We examined depredation of artificial ground nests containing three egg types (brown chicken, white chicken, or Northern Bobwhite [Colinus virginianus]) in relation to plot age (clearcut vs uncut) and time period (trials 1-5) at the Barrens Grouse Habitat Management Area, Centre County, Pennsylvania, from May-July 1993. One hundred thirteen (38%) of the total nests were disturbed. Fewer nests were disturbed in clearcut (32%) than in uncut plots (43%) (P 0.05). Clearcut plots had higher densities of brushy vegetation near ground level which better concealed nests and reduced foraging efficiency of predators. Rates of nest disturbance varied with time period (P 0.005); in general, rates were greater in trials 1-3 than in trials 4-5, partially because of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) defoliation during trials 1-3. Nest fate also differed significantly (P < 0.001) with egg type. Rates of disturbance were lower with nests containing brown chicken eggs (24%) compared to nests containing white chicken eggs (46%) or Northern Bobwhite (43%) eggs. Nests with brown chicken eggs were better camoflaged and, hence, less likely to be disturbed. Based on our findings, we recommend that brown chicken eggs be used as an alternative to Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs when simulating nests of Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) or Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in artificial ground nest studies. Received 28 Feb. 1995, accepted 1 June 1995.
Determination of Bilateral Symmetry of Carotid Artery Structure and Function in Children and Adolescents

We compared the symmetry of carotid arteries in youth with high-resolution ultrasound. Participants (n=230 (121 females),13.8 ± 2.9 years old) were assessed for: intima media thickness (cIMT), lumen diameter (cLD), incremental elastic modulus (cIEM), diameter compliance (cDC), cross-sectional compliance (cCSC), diameter distensibility (cDD), and cross-sectional distensibility (cCSD). No significant differences (P >0.05 all) were found for cIMT (0.49 ± 0.09 mm vs. 0.49 ± 0.08 mm), cIEM (1095 ± 382 mmHg vs. 1116 ± 346mmHg), cDC (0.01 ± 0.0 mm/mmHg vs. 0.01 ± 0.0 mm/mmHg), cCSC (0.01 ± 0.001/mmHg vs. 0.01 ± 0.001/mmHg), cDD (14.0 ± 3.16% vs. 13.7 ± 3.18%), and cCSD (30.1 ± 7.37% vs. 29.4 ± 7.36%). Significant differences were found for cLD (6.06 ± 0.62 mm vs. 6.33 ± 0.64 mm, P <0.001). These data suggest that these values may be used interchangeably if one side is inaccessible.
Energy consumption of algorithms for data retrieval from indexed parallel broadcast channels

Broadcasting over parallel channels has been shown to be an effective method for disseminating public data to mobile devices. Using recent techniques, equipped devices can leverage energy-saving modes to reduce the amount of energy consumed by wireless communication hardware. However, the use of parallel channels leads to challenges accessing concurrently broadcast data items and switching between channels both of which can incur additional energy costs and increase response time. To reduce these costs, the retrieval of data items can be scheduled in an order that reduces the required number of channel switches and repeated passes over a broadcast. Existing scheduling techniques, including Parallel Object Scan (POS) and Serial Empty Scan (SES) are able to produce optimal schedules through a broadcast on parallel channels. The energy consumed by the generated schedules has been studied previously. In this paper, we investigate the energy consumed by the execution of the POS and SES scheduling algorithms. The algorithms were executed in an emulated Android environment, where instrumentation tools were used to monitor the instructions executed by the virtualized CPU. Then, the total energy consumption for each algorithm was calculated using average energy costs per instruction.
Breakdown by Rumors: Vulnerability of D2D Communications from Online Social Networks

In this paper, we study how rumors in Online Social Networks (OSNs) may impact the performance of device-to-device (D2D) communication. As D2D is a new technology, people may choose not to use it when believed in rumors of its negative impacts. Thus, the cellular network with underlaying D2D is vulnerable to OSNs as rumors in OSNs may decrement the throughput of the cellular network in popular content delivery scenarios. To analyze the vulnerability, we introduce the problem of finding the most critical nodes in the OSN such that the throughput of a content delivery scenario is minimized when a rumor starts from those nodes. We then propose an efficient solution to the critical nodes detection problem. The severity of such vulnerability is supported by extensive experiments in various simulation settings, from which we observe up to \(40\%\) reduction in network throughput.
Today's Elementary School Teachers are Better Prepared in Mathematics.

amples of the test items and a description of the test may be found in the February 1970 issue of the Arithmetic Teacher (p. 156). In the 1967-69 study, data were used from 887 preservice teachers and 177 inservice teachers. Seven hundred sixty-one (761) preservice teachers and one hundred seventy-six (176) inservice teachers provided data for the 1975-77 study. The proportion of teaching personnel from Bowling Green, Toledo, and Eastern Michigan are in the order of 2:2:1 respectively, for both studies.
Titanium Alloy Superconductors—A Tabulated Review

Chapter 1 is a summary in tabular form of all of the literature to be considered in Chapters 2 through 14. Accordingly this introduction to it serves as an introduction to the entire volume. Although quite valid arguments have been advanced for regarding Nb as the solvent in superconducting alloys of Nb and Ti and related multicomponent systems [Lar81], for other valid and fundamental reasons this review treats Ti as the host element. The most important system to be considered is Ti-Nb, an alloy upon which most of the large-scale superconducting magnet systems constructed to date have been based. Thus the largest number of table and text pages have been allocated to it. But equilibrium Ti-Nb is a member of the class of so-called 3-isomorphous Ti-TM alloys which include Ti-V, Ti-Ta, and Ti-Mo; the quenched Ti-Nb alloys support the same microstructures that are to be found in quenched Ti-TM alloys in general, while during the aging of them common precipitational effects are encountered.
Hypogene Caves in Slovakia

During the Alpine orogeny of the Western Carpathians, hypogene caves have originated in different settings and epochs. Several caves of hydrothermal origin in crystalline limestones and metasomatic secondary quartzites (metasomatic silicites) are known in the central zone of the Stiavnica stratovolcano, Stiavnicke vrchy Mountains. The early phases of speleogenesis in the crystalline limestone near Sklene Teplice Spa were caused by post-magmatic dissolution linked either to the emplacement of subvolcanic granodiorite intrusions during Late Badenian time or to the spatially associated Late Sarmatian epithermal system. Speleogenesis in metasomatic secondary quartzites in the Sobov quarry is related to deep-seated hydrothermal processes associated with a diorite intrusion in the northern part of the central zone of the Stiavnica stratovolcano during its pre-caldera evolution phase in Upper Badenian. Unusual caves in metasomatic magnesite, with mineralogical evidences of their hydrothermal origin, were investigated in the Revucka vrchovina Mountains. Paleokarst geoda-like cavities and small hydrothermal caves occur in nappe structures of Triassic carbonates that were uplifted within the Tatra-Fatra belt of core mountains (many of these cavities are integrated into younger and larger non-hypogene caves). Cavities with thermal water in underlying and faulted Mesozoic carbonates (covered by Neogene or Paleogene sedimentary rocks) were identified by boreholes in some intermontane basins (Rimavska kotlina Basin, Liptovska kotlina Basin). A phreatic shaft formed by progradational collapse of non-carbonate beds disrupted by artesian karstification of underlying carbonates occurs at Tornaľa Town in the Rimavska kotlina Basin. Several caves with hypogene morphologies have originated along marginal faults of horst structures or fault edges of horst–graben structures (speleogenesis by thermal or slightly heated ascending waters, but mineralogical evidences of hydrothermal karstification were not found).
Representativeness of latent dirichlet allocation topics estimated from data samples with application to common crawl

Common Crawl is a massive multi-petabyte dataset hosted by Amazon. It contains archived HTML web page data from 2008 to date. Common Crawl has been widely used for text mining purposes. Using data extracted from Common Crawl has several advantages over a direct crawl of web data, among which is removing the likelihood of a user's home IP address becoming blacklisted for accessing a given web site too frequently. However, Common Crawl is a data sample, and so questions arise about the quality of Common Crawl as a representative sample of the original data. We perform systematic tests on the similarity of topics estimated from Common Crawl compared to topics estimated from the full data of online forums. Our target is online discussions from a user forum for automotive enthusiasts, but our research strategy can be applied to other domains and samples to evaluate the representativeness of topic models. We show that topic proportions estimated from Common Crawl are not significantly different than those estimated on the full data. We also show that topics are similar in terms of their word compositions, and not worse than topic similarity estimated under true random sampling, which we simulate through a series of experiments. Our research will be of interest to analysts who wish to use Common Crawl to study topics of interest in user forum data, and analysts applying topic models to other data samples.
Tobacco Use and Dependence

The rate of smoking has dropped significantly over the past 50 years but remains higher in certain vulnerable populations, including those with chronic diseases. Tobacco use and dependence remain the number one preventable cause of disease and death. Tobacco use causes or contributes to many chronic diseases, and tobacco dependence is considered a chronic disease itself. Tobacco cessation can improve outcomes. Successful cessation requires repeated intervention and multiple attempts to quit. The chronic care model can improve health outcomes through system changes that support patient-centered and evidence-based care and includes effective team care, planned interventions, self-management support, use of community resources, integrated decision support, patient registries, and information technology. A comprehensive tobacco control program includes effective clean air policies, high taxes on tobacco products, media campaigns, and access to treatment services.
Multimodal characterization of a novel mutation causing vitamin B6-responsive gyrate atrophy

Purpose: Gyrate atrophy (GA) is a rare chorioretinal degeneration that results in the deterioration of night and peripheral vision, eventually leading to blindness. The disorder is caused by mutati...
Acting in landscape ecology: Concluding remarks

Different approaches are registered in landscape ecology studies and each of these approaches seems completely different and dissonant. One approach considers processes as actors affecting, and responding to landscape constraints. Another approach is to consider the landscape as a large area. At this scale of resolution the spatial patterns of patches are compared and studied. Finally, another approach is to consider organisms in heterogeneous systems and to study their behavioural response. This approach also includes the human being. In this case landscape is considered as a large area in which remnants of original vegetation persist in a human dominated landscape. This approach is very familiar to geographers, human ecologists, planners, and landscape architects. The analysis of a constructed landscape is carried out, i.e., the landscape is considered the vital space of humanity, countries, regions, cities, villages, countryside, farms. It is at this level that landscape ecology has to be applied to improve the quality of human life, and to protect the diversity of life, assuring a healthy system.
Continuous Displacement Formulation of Alloys

The conventional permutational statistics of cooperative phenomena is extended to include displacement of atoms from their reference lattice points. The formulation is done in the cluster variation method (CVM) framework, by changing summations in energy and entropy to integrals. It is demonstrated for the pair approximation of CVM on phase-separating fcc binary alloys. The treatment can take into account local lattice distortion due to atomic size difference, the elastic effects, and the pressure effects. To compare stability of states under pressure, the grand potential {Omega}(T, V, {l_brace}{mu}{sub i}{r_brace}) is extended to Z(T, p, {l_brace}{mu}{sub i}{r_brace}) by a Legendre transform. Although the new function Z(T, p, {l_brace}{mu}{sub i}{r_brace}) vanishes in equilibrium, and is called the ZERO-potential in the paper, it remains nonzero and is used to determine the coexisting phases when the chemical potentials are modified. Numerical calculations are done using the natural iteration technique on model inter-atomic potentials of the Lennard-Jones type. The numerical results of using {Omega}(T, V, {l_brace}{mu}{sub i}{r_brace}) and Z(T, p, {l_brace}{mu}{sub i}{r_brace}) potentials for phase-separating diagrams, for composition and pressure dependence of the lattice constant, and for the bulk modulus are reported and discussed.
Design Of Null Lens Correctors For The Testing Of Astronomical Optics

Some design examples are presented that illustrate the design of null correctors for the testing of strong aspherical surfaces such as those that are of interest in astronomical instrumentation. The design and analysis of an Offner corrector for an f/1 paraboloid is given. Also presented are a zoom null corrector and a null lens that can correct positive as well as negative spherical aberration. A configuration for the testing of convex surfaces is suggested.
Electrons in a Landau Level Near Half-Filling

In collaboration with Patrick Lee (MIT) and Nicholas Read (Yale University) [1], the author has developed a theory of a two-dimensional electron system in an external magnetic field when the Landau-level filling factor v is close to 1/2, which is based on a mathematical transformation to a system of fermions interacting with a Chern-Simons gauge field, such that at v = 1/2, the average effective magnetic field seen by the fermions is zero. If one ignores fluctuations in the gauge field, this implies that for a system with no impurity scattering there should be a well-defined Fermi surface for the fermions. When gauge fluctuations are taken into account we find that there can be infrared-divergent corrections to the quasiparticle propagator, which we interpret as a divergence in the effective mass m*, whose form depends on the nature of the assumed electron-electron interaction v(r). For short range repulsive interactions we find power-law divergences; while for Coulomb interactions we find logarithmic corrections to m*. Nevertheless, we argue that many features of the Fermi surface are likely to exist. In the presence of a weak impurity scattering potential, we predict a finite resistivity ρxx at low temperatures, whose value we estimate. We compute an anomalous contribution to surface acoustic wave propagation in qualitative agreement with recent experiments [2]. We also make predictions for the size of the energy gap in the fractional quantized Hall state at v = p/(2p + l),where p is an integer. The theory can also be generalized to other filling fractions with an even denominator. The talk will review some highlights of the theory and discuss possible implications for experiments involving far-infrared absorption or Raman scattering.
Counseling or antidepressants for treating depression

Both antidepressant medications and psychologic treatment are beneficial for adult patients with mild to moderate depression, with no consistent evidence that one type of treatment is more effective than the other.
Molecular Markers in DCIS

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) describes a heterogeneous group of noninvasive breast malignancies. DCIS is accepted as the major precursor to the development of invasive breast cancer. Identifying the molecular and genetic alterations that are responsible for the progression from in situ disease to potentially life-threatening invasive disease is important for both preventative and prognostic purposes. Multiple biomarkers have been proposed as playing a role in this transition. The study of these molecular markers as well as the creation of potential targeted therapies for patients with DCIS is a vibrant area of research and technological advancements.
Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Use: National Dental PBRN Results.

Introduction:The American Dental Association recommends that dentists use a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) prior to prescribing an opioid for acute pain management.Objective:The object...
A Latent Profile Analysis of Bisexual Identity: Evidence of Within-Group Diversity.

Bisexual people experience unique psychosocial vulnerabilities and their mental health needs and social identity remain underserved and understudied, respectively. We report results from a latent profile analysis where we identified a preliminary typology of bisexual identity subgroups and its association with demographic and mental health variables. Bisexual+ adults (N = 292) residing in the U.S. were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and administered a demographic survey, indicators of bisexual identity, and measures of internalizing symptoms and self-esteem. Joint consideration of statistical and substantive criteria in the modeling process yielded a well-differentiated and qualitatively distinctive three-profile solution comprised of Affirmative (e.g., having a positive orientation towards one’s bisexuality), Vigilant (e.g., being significantly concerned about others’ reactions to one’s bisexuality), and Ambivalent (e.g., endorsing mixed but generally negative attitudes and beliefs about one’s bisexuality) profiles of bisexual identity. Auxiliary analyses revealed conceptually and statistically significant associations among profile membership, demographic covariates, and mental health outcomes. Some key findings included that compared to the Affirmative profile, men and people of color were overrepresented in the Ambivalent profile, whereas men were overrepresented in the Vigilant profile. Bisexuals with a Vigilant profile displayed the poorest mental health constellation. Our findings highlight the categorically heterogeneous nature of bisexual identity, support the relevance of social identity to mental health among bisexuals, and represent the first attempt to model bisexual identity using mixture techniques. Future studies should consider larger and more demographically diverse samples, address replicability and generalizability, examine additional auxiliary variables, and investigate longitudinal developments in profiles.
Adverse racial climates in academia: Conceptualization, interventions, and call to action

Abstract Racial conflict at universities across the US has been the focus of academic concern and media attention, yet often administrators and faculty do not understand the problems or know how to approach solutions. Drawing from many branches of psychological science, this paper describes how an oppressive academic climate results in negative outcomes for students and faculty of color, such as psychological distress, grievances, discrimination lawsuits, faculty turnover, and student dropout. Described are some empirically-supported actions departments can employ to improve the racial climate and thereby promote racial healing and diversity, including forums to facilitate conversations about inequity, experiential diversity trainings, removal of environmental microaggressions, recruitment and retention of minority faculty and advisors, repairing biased curricula, and addressing bias in teaching evaluations. Also advanced is a call to action for administrators to improve receptivity to those suffering as a result of an adverse climate, responding to racism when needed, and taking action on a larger scale, with an emphasis on the role of psychologists.
Characterization of Parylene-C degradation mechanisms: In vitro reactive accelerated aging model compared to multiyear in vivo implantation.

Abstract Implantable neural microelectrodes are integral components of neuroprosthetic technologies and can transform treatments for many neural-mediated disorders. However, dielectric material degradation during long-term (>1 year) indwelling periods restricts device functional lifetimes to a few years. This comprehensive work carefully investigates in vivo material degradation and also explores the ability of in vitro Reactive Accelerated Aging (RAA) to evaluate implant stability. Parylene C-coated Utah electrode arrays (UEAs) implanted in feline peripheral nerve for 3.25 years were explanted and compared to RAA-processed devices, aged in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) + 20 mM H2O2 at either 67 or 87 °C (28 or 7 days, respectively). Electron microscopy revealed similar physical damage characteristics between explants and RAA (87 °C) devices. Parylene C degradation was overwhelmingly apparent for UEAs from both RAA cohorts. Controls aged in PBS alone displayed almost no damage. Spectroscopic characterization (EDX, XPS, FTIR) found clear indications of oxidation and chlorine abstraction for Parylene C aged in vivo. While in vitro aging was also accompanied by signs of oxidation, changes in the chemistry in vivo and in vitro were statistically different. Analysis of RAA-aged devices identified UEA fabrication approaches that may greatly improve device resistance to degradation. This work underscores the need for an improved understanding of in vivo damage mechanisms, to facilitate the critical need for representative in vitro accelerated testing paradigms for long-term implants.
The Impact of a Sweetened Beverage Tax on Beverage Volume Sold in Cook County, Illinois, and Its Border Area

Sugar-sweetened beverage taxation is increasingly being used as a public health tool to reduce consumption of these beverages, which has been linked to several health risks, including obesity. This...
The role of external water on rapid cooling and fragmentation of magma

Abstract The cooling rate of magma in the presence of external water during phreatomagmatic and submarine eruptions is one of the key parameters governing non-explosive to explosive magma fragmentation and eruption transitions, but remains poorly constrained. Combining results from laboratory experiments with realistic eruptive temperatures of magma cooling in ambient water of variable temperatures, and numerical modeling of transient heat transfer, we find that magma-to-water heat flux can be up to 4 × 10 6 W m−2. The experiments exhibit two distinct water boiling regimes: A film-boiling regime defined by the presence of a coherent water vapor film between magma surface and ambient water, and a nucleate boiling regime below a critical magma surface temperature (known as the Leidenfrost temperature), where the vapor film breaks and numerous bubbles form at the magma-water interface. In general the vapor film was stable in our experiments for time scales of ≤ 5 s, indicating that this might be a limiting factor in pre-explosion magma-water mixing for energetic molten fuel-coolant interaction and explosive volcanic eruptions. The time scale of vapor film stability increases and the Leidenfrost temperature (1223 to 948 K) decreases with increasing water temperature (276 to 366 K). We show that for the empirically obtained large heat flux to external water, the cooling rate of magma can reach up to 106 K s−1 at length scales of few microns, thus magma may undergo fine fragmentation due to quench-induced large thermal stresses. Our experimental and modeling results demonstrate that the time scales of various water boiling regimes, and erupting magma and ambient water temperatures determine the magma-to-water heat transfer rates, which in turn determine the transition to explosivity under subaqueous eruption conditions.
Remarks on projective normality for certain Calabi–Yau and hyperkähler varieties

Abstract We prove some results on effective very ampleness and projective normality for some varieties with trivial canonical bundle. In the first part we prove an effective projective normality result for an ample line bundle on regular smooth four-folds with trivial canonical bundle. More precisely we show that for a regular smooth four-fold with trivial canonical bundle, A ⊗ 15 is projectively normal for A ample. In the second part we emphasize on the projective normality of multiples of ample and globally generated line bundles on certain classes of known examples (up to deformation) of projective hyperkahler varieties. As a corollary we show that excepting two extremal cases in dimensions 4 and 6, a general curve section of any ample and globally generated linear system on the above mentioned examples is non-hyperelliptic.
Pharmacy students’ perspectives on the initial implementation of a teaching electronic medical record: results from a mixed-methods assessment

Electronic medical records (EMRs) have been used for nearly three decades. Pharmacists use EMRs on a daily basis, but EMRs have only recently been incorporated into pharmacy education. Some pharmacy programs have implemented teaching electronic medical records (tEMRs), but best practices for incorporating tEMRs into pharmacy education remain unknown. The objectives of this study were to 1) assess pharmacy students’ views and experiences with a tEMR; and 2) identify current learning activities and future priorities for tEMR use in pharmacy education. We used a mixed-methods approach, including three, two-hour student focus groups and a 42-item web-based survey to examine student perspectives of the tEMR. All first, second, and third year professional pharmacy students were eligible to participate in the survey and a focus group. Web-based survey items were measured on a 7-point Likert scale, and quantitative analyses included descriptive statistics. Two researchers independently coded transcripts using both deductive and inductive approaches to identify emergent themes. These analysts met and resolved any coding discrepancies via consensus. Focus groups were conducted with 22 total students, with 6–8 students represented from each year of pharmacy training. The survey was completed by 156 students: 47 first year, 55 second year, and 54 third year. Overall, 48.7% of survey respondents altogether agreed or strongly agreed that using the tEMR enhanced their learning in pharmacy classes and laboratories. Qualitative data were organized into four major themes regarding tEMR adoption: current priorities for use within the pharmacy curriculum; tEMR benefits; tEMR barriers; and future priorities for tEMR use to prepare students for pharmacy practice. This study reveals pharmacy students’ perspectives and attitudes towards using a tEMR, the types of classroom activities that incorporate the tEMR, and students’ future suggestions to enhance the design or application of the tEMR for their learning. Our research findings may aid other pharmacy programs and promote more effective use of tEMRs in pharmacy education. In the long-term, this study may strengthen pharmacy education on EMRs and thus increase the efficacy and safety of pharmacists’ EMR use for patients’ medication management.
An internet control device embedded sensor agent

The internet of things (IoT) is undertaking the prodigiously important task of transforming existing systems' capabilities from traditional application stovepipes to a new internet paradigm that enables processes and services in a fast-changing environment. These internet-connected devices (ICD) or 'things' can be sensors, radiofrequency identification (RFID), TVs, etc. As the IoT continues to combine new transmission and processing technologies (e.g., satellite communications networks, mobile communications networks) into one high-integrated network, many access connection points become easy targets for hacker's. In many situations, it is very difficult to find out the position or the source(s) of cyber-attacks making it very complex to correctly determine the intention of the attack. Therefore, once IoT devices and networks are attacked and neutralised, its processing capabilities may be severely harmed. This article provides additional details of an ICD embedded sensor agent for IoT architectures and discusses the opportunity of ICD's automatically securing themselves against attacks.
Jesus in the Heart of the Earth: Deciphering the Jonah Saying (Matthew 12:39–41):

The unique comparison between Jonah and the Son of Man in the First Gospel has been notoriously difficult for several reasons. First, “three days and three nights” cannot be fitted into the interva...
Live free and die: Expanding the terror management health model for pandemics to account for psychological reactance

According to the terror management health model (TMHM), life-threatening health conditions have the potential to make people think about death, which triggers anxiety and motivates people to engage in defensive behaviors that may or may not facilitate health This model has been used to explain health-defeating reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic (e g , intentional nonadherence to mitigation guidelines) and to inform recommendations for current and future public health campaigns Unfortunately, these recommendations do not account for psychological reactance, an aversive motivational state known to undermine persuasive messages For this reason, we argue that the TMHM for pandemics is incomplete in its current form and should be expanded to account for reactance processes We also highlight two reactance-reducing strategies (inoculation messages and restoration postscripts) that could potentially increase the efficacy of the public health messages proposed by the TMHM for pandemics We conclude with a discussion of how psychological reactance theory can augment the TMHM more broadly Overall, we hope to illustrate both the utility and feasibility of considering more than one theoretical approach when designing empirically supported public health messages © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS) vs. Hereditary Spastic Paraperesis (HSP) in Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) related Dominant Dementia (P4.4-030)

Objective: We highlight the association of PLS with PSEN1 mutations and describe 3 patients with PLS and dementia that were misdiagnosed as ALS/Dementia. Background: PLS and HSP are rare manifestations of pyramidal tract dysfunction. Whereas PLS is usually associated with pure upper motor neuron dysfunction, HSP may have other manifestations such as peripheral neuropathy, hydrocephalus, etc., leading to classifying HSP as simple or complicated. They are both characterized by a slowly progressive spastic paraparesis, with upper extremities and bulbar region traditionally spared in HSP. Moreover, PLS might be associated with cognitive decline and dementia, often frontotemporal dementia. Design/Methods: Case series of 3 patients seen at the University of California Irvine ALS Center with PSEN1 mutations, dementia and primary lateral sclerosis. Results: We report three male patients, aged 40–44 years, with previously described pathogenic mutations in the PSEN1 gene (A431E in patients 1 and 2 and L381V in patient 3). Patients 1 and 2 were Mexican-American brothers (from Michoacan, the state neighboring Jalisco in Mexico), while case 3 was a Vietnamese man. Patients 1 and 2 presented with frontotemporal dementia as an initial symptom but developed marked spastic quadriparesis (legs>arms). Both developed bulbar dysfunction and spastic anarthria. Patient 3 had a cognitive problem since childhood, then developed progressive spastic quadriparesis and bulbar dysfunction (dysphagia and spastic anarthria). Additional features were myoclonus in patient 1, sympathetic storming in patient 3, and pseudobulbar affect in Patient 1 and 2. MRI showed mild global cerebral atrophy in all 3 cases. Conclusions: We conclude that PLS is associated with PSEN1 mutations in certain patients; given the early upper extremity and bulbar involvement this is unlikely to be HSP. It is important to screen PLS patients or ALS/Dementia patients in ALS clinics for PSEN1 mutations, especially from at risk regions, such as Jalisco or Michoacan, Mexico. Disclosure: Dr. Ahmadi Jazi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cauchi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Habib has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Soleo Health. Dr. Goyal has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with CSL Behring. Dr. Mozaffar has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Amicus, Alexion, CSL and Genzyme. Dr. Mozaffar has received research support from Alexion, Amicus, aTyr, Genzyme, Grifols, Idera, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, and Ultragenyx.
Endovascular Stent-Grafts for Descending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Acute Type B Aortic Dissections

Because patients with descending thoracic aortic aneurysms tend to be elderly and have multiple other co-morbidities, conventional open surgical repair of these life-threatening thoracic aortic problems is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the CV Surgery and CVRI teams at Stanford collaborated to conduct a prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of endovascular stent-graft (S-G) repair. Between 1992 and 1997,103 patients (mean age 69 years) underwent treatment using a custom fabricated “home brew” (self-expanding Z stents, large sheath/dilator/pusher rod delivery system) S-G device. Sixty-two patients (60%) were judged not to be reasonable candidates for an “open” operation. Nineteen patients underwent simultaneous AAA repair. Etiology included atherosclerotic-degenerative aneurysm 62%, giant aortic penetrating ulcer (GAPU) 10%, aortic dissection 8%, chronic traumatic false aneurysm 8%, anastomotic pseudoaneurysm 8%, intramural hematoma (IMH) 3%, and mycotic false aneurysm 2%. Follow-up was 100% complete (average = 22 months, max = 5.3 years). Forty-four patients remained alive and at risk two years after the procedure. Femoral access was achieved in 58%, but retroperitoneal access via the abdominal aorta was required in 30%. An AAA was repaired concomitantly in 19 patients. Immediate complications included obstruction of the aortic arch in one patient, S-G misdeployment in 3%, peripheral arterial injury in 4%, and iatrogenic aortic dissection in 1%. Complete thrombosis of the aneurysm was ultimately achieved in 86 (83%) patients.