cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Brain Neuroplasticity in Healthy, Hyperactive and Psychotic Children: Insights from Neuroimaging

Noninvasive brain imaging permits longitudinal studies of anatomic brain development in healthy and psychiatrically ill children. The time course for gray matter maturation varies by region and parallels earlier histological studies, indicating dynamic patterns of overproduction and regression. Developmental trajectories vary in relation to gender, intelligence, and overall functioning. Twin studies show high heritability for brain volumes, which varies with region and with age. Diagnostically specific, illness-related changes as well as outcome-associated plastic response are observed as illustrated for two pediatric populations, childhood-onset schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conditions which may be, in part, disorders of brain plasticity.
Assessing Women, Gender, and Empire in Britain's Nineteenth-Century Protestant Missionary Movement

Although women constituted the majority of British missionary labor by the turn of the twentieth century, they were largely discounted from the official record of mission work – a silence that until recently has been preserved by women's history, mission history, and imperial history. Over the past two decades, new historical and interpretive frameworks have brought into clearer focus the role of women missionaries and the gendered fabric of the ‘civilizing mission’ in evangelistic, colonial, and feminist projects. Yet the privileging of race as an analytic category has produced a lopsided historiography, in which Christianity has been marginalized in studies of gender and empire, and in which gender has not been used to full effect in explicating the uneven contours of religion and colonialism. This essay explores how studies of women, gender, and the Protestant missionary movement over the ‘long nineteenth century’ have responded to and manifested some of the larger tensions of women's and gender history, feminist history, postcolonial studies, the new imperial history, and area studies, and suggests some avenues for addressing lingering questions of recovery and representation, center and periphery.
Non-Linear vibrations and chaos in harmonically excited rectangular plates with one-to-one internal resonance

Nonlinear flexural vibrations of a rectangular plate with uniform stretching are studied for the case when it is harmonically excited with forces acting normal to the midplane of the plate. The physical phenomena of interest here arise when the plate has two distinct linear modes of vibration with nearly the same natural frequency. It is shown that, depending on the spatial distribution of the external forces, the plate can undergo harmonic motions either in one of the two individual modes or in a mixed-mode. Stable single-mode and mixed-mode solutions can also coexist over a wide range in the amplitudes and frequency of excitation. For low damping levels, the presence of Hopf bifurcations in the mixed-mode response leads to complicated amplitude-modulated dynamics including period doubling bifurcations, chaos, coexistence of multiple chaotic motions, and crisis, whereby the chaotic attractors suddenly disappear and the plate resumes small amplitude harmonic motions in a single-mode. Numerical results are presented specifically for 1 : 1 resonance in the (1, 2) and (3, 1) plate modes.
A Simple Sperm DNA Toroid Integrity Test and Risk of Miscarriage

Current methods of analyzing sperm chromatin competency overlook the inner sperm compartment which is inaccessible to probes and reagents. By breaking the molecular protamine disulfide bridges, the DNA toroids are exposed to integrity analysis. The aim was to develop a simple nuclear toroid test and determine its association with fertilization, pregnancy, and miscarriage. The approach involved treating washed sperm remaining after ICSI procedures ( cases) with acidified Triton X-100 and dithiothreitol (DTT) before Diff-Quik staining. Percentages of sperm with normal chromatin indicated by light-colored nuclei were assessed. The toroid integrity test showed more sperm with normal chromatin in the pregnant group (73.6 ± 1.7%, mean ± SEM) when compared with the miscarriage (51.2 ± 6.6%) or nonpregnant groups (60.9 ± 4.8%). Furthermore, the toroid results were correlated with ICSI fertilization (, ) and pregnancy outcome (pregnant cases 73.6 ± 1.7% versus nonpregnant 58.0 ± 3.9%, ). ROC calculated cut-off was >70.0% for normal toroid integrity (sensitivity 0.98, specificity 0.33, and diagnostic accuracy 78.3%). An association between normal sperm toroid integrity and miscarriage was evident when the staining procedure included acidified detergent DTT pretreatment.
Electrophoretic Deposition of Barium Strontium Titanate Functionally Graded Thick Film Composites for Electronically Scanning Antennas

The composition 40 wt% Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 (BST) - 60 wt% MgO bulk material was recently found to be a promising candidate as a low loss, tunable material for electronically scanning antennas (ESA). However, due to the high permittivity of the BST-MgO composite impedance mismatch within the antenna could be a source of loss. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) could be used as a processing tool to develop functionally graded structures tailored to reduce the impedance mismatch without a reduction in the tunability. In addition, EPD could be used in thin or thick films to decrease the required biasing fields. In this study, EPD was used as a method for deposit thick films of BST functionally graded composites. The concentration of the suspension, solvent type, mixed solvent concentrations, bias field, time, particle size of powders and distance between electrodes were studied to control the deposition yield and thickness. SEM or calipers were used to measure deposit thickness. The relative weight ratio of BST to MgO in the suspension was compared to the final structure as measured by EDS.
Diagnosis and classification of headache

Headache is the most common neurologic complaint. Migraine is by far the most frequent headache type seen by office-based physicians.Migraine remains under-recognized, under-diagnosed, and therefore under-treated in everyday medical practice. With time severely restricted in primary care day-to-day practice, a user friendly approach to assessment of headaches and differentiation into the broad types of "worrisome headache," migraine, tension-type, and others is necessary. A consensus-based, practical, rapid, six essential-question screening technique is outlined.
Keynes, legacies, and inquiry

As President Nixon once observed, “we are all Keynesians.” And we do indeed live in a macroeconomic world, essentially, as defined and elucidated by Keynes. But Keynes himself is underrepresented in both political science and in mainstream economics. This is a costly intellectual error. Keynes’ prodigious writings, as well as his actions, offer a treasure trove of inspiration, analysis, and insight. This article considers four themes in Keynes’ oeuvre that are especially worthy of revisiting: the importance of economic inequality, the potentially fragile underpinnings of international economic order, the inherent dysfunctions of the international monetary economy, and, perhaps most important, Keynes’ philosophy and its relationship to economic inquiry.
Hydrogen production in single-chamber tubular microbial electrolysis cells using non-precious-metal catalysts

Abstract Platinum has excellent catalytic capabilities and is commonly used as cathode catalyst in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Its high cost, however, limits the practical applications of MECs. In this study, precious-metal-free cathodes were developed by electrodepositing NiMo and NiW on a carbon-fiber-weaved cloth material and evaluated in electrochemical cells and tubular MECs with cloth electrode assemblies (CEA). While similar performances were observed in electrochemical cells, NiMo cathode exhibited better performances than NiW cathode in MECs. At an applied voltage of 0.6 V, the MECs with NiMo cathode accomplished a hydrogen production rate of 2.0 m3/day/m3 at current density of 270 A/m3 (12 A/m2), which was 33% higher than that of the NiW MECs and slightly lower than that of the MECs with Pt catalyst (2.3 m3/day/m3). At an applied voltage of 0.4 V, the energy efficiencies based on the electrical energy input reached 240% for the NiMo MECs. These results demonstrated the great potential of using carbon cloth with Ni-alloy catalysts as a cathode material for MECs. The enhanced MEC performances also demonstrate the scale-up potential of the CEA structure, which can significantly reduce the electrode spacing and lower the internal resistance of MECs, thus increasing the hydrogen production rate.
Death of the subcallosal glial sling is correlated with formation of the cavum septi pellucidi

In this study we have examined the developmental fate of a population of cells that is located beneath the rostral corpus callosum during the perinatal period. These cells form a distinct slinglike structure along the geographically defined corticoseptal boundary (CSB) and may play a role in guiding callosal axons across the midline. The sling is a transient structure present in fetal and neonatal animals but not in adults. Here we show that the CSB cells die and that this debris is removed by macrophages. The sequence of cell degeneration in the CSB is highly stereotyped and follows a spatiotemporal pattern that is correlated with fusion of the cerebral hemispheres and subsequent growth across the midline of the callosal axons. The subcallosal location of the resorbing CSB is found in the exact place in which a fluid-filled cavity (the cavum septi pellucidi) is transiently found during the perinatal period. The tight temporal and spatial correlation between callosal axon decussation, degeneration of the CSB, and cavum septi formation suggests that these three phenomena may be causally related.
Language regenesis: A conceptual overview of language revival, revitalisation and reversal

With the purpose to facilitate general agreement over what constitutes language revival, we argue in this paper that language revival, language revitalisation, and language reversal constitute three separate phenomena, subsumed under the concept of language regenesis. We define and illustrate language regenesis and its subcategories with the intent of establishing a clear and common terminology for these concepts and we do this through a comparison of case studies.
All-fiber normal-dispersion femtosecond laser

Spectral filtering of a chirped pulse can be a strong pulse-shaping mechanism in all-normal-dispersion femtosecond fiber lasers. We report an implementation of such a laser that employs only fiber-format components. The Yb-doped fiber laser includes a fiber filter, and a saturable absorber based on carbon nanotubes. The laser generates 1.5-ps, 3-nJ pulses that can be dechirped to 250 fs duration outside the cavity.
Inhibition of Neural Crest Migration in Xenopus Using Antisense Slug RNA

Based primarily on studies in the chick, it has been assumed that the zinc finger transcription factor Slug is required for neural crest migration. In the mouse, however, Slug is not expressed in the premigratory neural crest, which forms normally in Slug -/- animals. To study the role of Slug in Xenopus laevis, we used the injection of XSlug antisense RNA and tissue transplantation. Injection of Slug antisense RNA did not suppress the early expression of the related gene XSnail, but led to reduced expression of both XSlug and XSnail in later stage embryos, whereas the expression of another neural crest marker, XTwist, was not affected. Down-regulation of XSlug and XSnail was associated with the inhibition of neural crest cell migration and the reduction or loss of many neural crest derivatives. In particular, the formation of rostral cartilages was often highly aberrant, whereas the posterior cartilages were less frequently affected. The effects of Slug antisense RNA on neural crest migration and cartilage formation were rescued by the injection of either XSlug or XSnail mRNA. These studies indicate that XSlug is required for neural crest migration, that XSlug and XSnail may be functionally redundant, and that both genes are required to maintain each other's expression in the neural crest development of xenopus laevis.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL VISUALIZATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DECISION SUPPORT

Traditional visualization of Earth surface features has been addressed through visual exploration, analysis, synthesis, and presentation of observable geospatial data. However, characterizing the changes in their observable and unobservable properties of geospatial features is critical for planning and policy formulation. Recent approaches are addressing modelling and visualization of the temporal dynamics that describe observed and/or predicted physical and socioeconomic processes using vast volumes of Earth Observation (imagery and other geophysical) data from remote sensor networks. This chapter provides an overview of selected geospatial modelling and simulation, exploratory analysis of Earth Observation data, and high performance visualization research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for developing novel data driven approaches for geospatial knowledge discovery and visualization relevant to environmental decision support.
Has an aquatic diet been necessary for hominin brain evolution and functional development

A number of authors have argued that only an aquatic-based diet can provide the necessary quantity of DHA to support the human brain, and that a switch to such a diet early in hominin evolution was critical to human brain evolution. This paper identifies the premises behind this hypothesis and critiques them on the basis of clinical literature. Both tissue levels and certain functions of the developing infant brain are sensitive to extreme variations in the supply of DHA in artificial feeding, and it can be shown that levels in human milk reflect maternal diet. However, both the maternal and infant bodies have mechanisms to store and buffer the supply of DHA, so that functional deficits are generally resolved without compensatory diets. There is no evidence that human diets based on terrestrial food chains with traditional nursing practices fail to provide adequate levels of DHA or other n-3 fatty acids. Consequently, the hypothesis that DHA has been a limiting resource in human brain evolution must be considered to be unsupported.
Design of a decoupling controller for electrostatically coupled microcantilevers based on current measurement

In this paper we tackle the problem of decoupling the dynamics of closely spaced microcantilevers by using feedback control. In particular, the device we consider consists of two electrostatically actuated cantilevers, that are coupled both mechanically and electrostatically. For this pair, which is described by a time-varying periodic system of equations, we design an optimal /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// observer, based on the measurement of the current induced on the cantilevers by the voltage applied. The estimate of the cantilevers displacement is then used to generate the control signal that effectively decouples their dynamics. Simulation results are provided that demonstrate the efficacy of the control scheme proposed.
Management Strategies for Neonatal Hypoglycemia

While hypoglycemia occurs commonly among neonates, treatment can be challenging if hypoglycemia persists beyond the first few days of life. This review discusses the available treatment options for both transient and persistent neonatal hypoglycemia. These treatment options include dextrose infusions, glucagon, glucocorticoids, diazoxide, octreotide, and nifedipine. A stepwise, practical approach to the management of these patients is offered.
Proteomic analyses reveal distinct chromatin-associated and soluble transcription factor complexes

The current knowledge on how transcription factors (TFs), the ultimate targets and executors of cellular signalling pathways, are regulated by protein–protein interactions remains limited. Here, we performed proteomics analyses of soluble and chromatin-associated complexes of 56 TFs, including the targets of many signalling pathways involved in development and cancer, and 37 members of the Forkhead box (FOX) TF family. Using tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry (TAP/MS), we performed 214 purifications and identified 2,156 high-confident protein–protein interactions. We found that most TFs form very distinct protein complexes on and off chromatin. Using this data set, we categorized the transcription-related or unrelated regulators for general or specific TFs. Our study offers a valuable resource of protein–protein interaction networks for a large number of TFs and underscores the general principle that TFs form distinct location-specific protein complexes that are associated with the different regulation and diverse functions of these TFs.
Muscle, nerve, and skin biopsy

The diagnostic approach to neuromuscular disorders begins with clinical evaluation and electromyographic examination. The histology of the muscle, nerve, and skin are the subsequent essential steps in establishing the diagnosis.
Molecular origin of pH-dependent fibril formation of a functional amyloid.

Fibrils derived from Pmel17 are functional amyloids upon which melanin is deposited. Fibrils of the repeat domain (RPT) from Pmel17 form under strict melanosomal pH (4.5–5.5) and completely dissolve at pH ≥ 6. To determine which Glu residue is responsible for this reversibility, aggregation of single, double, and quadruple Ala- and Gln-mutants were examined by intrinsic Trp fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Charge neutralization of either E404, E422, E425, or E430, glutamic acids located in the putative amyloid-forming region, modulated aggregation kinetics. Remarkably, the removal of a single negative charge at E422 out of a total of 16 carboxylic acids shifted the pH dependence by a full pH unit. Mutation at E404, E425, or E430 has little to no effect. We suggest that protonation at E422 is essential for initiating amyloid formation while other Glu residues play an allosteric role in fibril stability.
Linearization of attitude-control error dynamics

Some useful properties of direction-cosine and quaternion attitude formulations that include specification of attitude error and the inversion of rigid-body rotational dynamics are reviewed. The inversion procedure is then applied to a measure of attitude error to realize a new model-follower control system that exhibits linear attitude-error dynamics. Error analyses and simulation results for spacecraft attitude-control systems are presented to demonstrate the more robust performance obtainable from an exact linear-error formulation over that obtained from either direction-cosine or quaternion formulations with simple linear feedback control laws. >
Experimental inhibition of myelination in spinal cord tissue cultures: enzyme assays.

Seven specific enzyme activities were assayed in embryonic mouse spinal cord cultures during normal development and under conditions of myelination inhibition and disinhibition. Sulfatase A activity in the inhibited and disinhibited cultures was slightly lower than in the normal control cultures. No specific differences for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, acid prosphatase, and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase activities were found among these three experimental conditions. However 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase, an enzyme which has been specifically associated with myelin, showed identical patterns of inhibition and disinhibition as were previously observed for sulfatide synthesis.
The eyes have it

Our eyes may or may not be ‘the windows to the soul’, but they are certainly the semiotics of our intentions. The work of Simmel and Goffman puts the eyes at the center of everyday interaction, aff...
Evaluation of a Commercial System for the Identification of Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale

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Sociosexual stimuli affect ER- and PR-mRNA abundance in the hypothalamus of all-female whiptail lizards

Hormone-dependent sociosexual behaviors of the displaying individual regulate the abundance of estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-mRNA in sex steroid hormone-concentrating brain areas of the partner. This effect of behavior on gene expression in the brain is independent of the gonads.
Capsule depolymerase overexpression reduces Bacillus anthracis virulence.

Capsule depolymerase (CapD) is a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and a product of the Bacillus anthracis capsule biosynthesis operon. In this study, we examined the effect of modulating capD expression on B. anthracis capsule phenotype, interaction with phagocytic cells and virulence in guinea pigs. Transcriptional fusions of capD were made to the genes encoding heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) and elongation factor Tu (EFTu), and to capA, a B. anthracis capsule biosynthesis gene. Translation signals were altered to improve expression of capD, including replacing the putative ribosome-binding site with a consensus sequence and the TTG start codon with ATG. CapD was not detected by immunoblotting in lysates from wild-type B. anthracis Ames but was detected in strains engineered with a consensus ribosome-binding site for capD. Strains overexpressing capD at amounts detected by immunoblotting were found to have less surface-associated capsule and released primarily lower-molecular-mass capsule into culture supernatants. Overexpression of capD increased susceptibility to neutrophil phagocytic killing and adherence to macrophages and resulted in reduced fitness in a guinea pig model of infection. These data suggest that B. anthracis may have evolved weak capD expression resulting in optimized capsule-mediated virulence.
PS-341a New Generation Lipid Emulsion Protects Against Lps-induced Brain Inflammation In Premature Piglets

Background Premature infants provided parenteral nutrition (PN) high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have increased risk of inflammatory disease, such as nosocomial sepsis. The pro-inflammatory insult can also contribute to injury and delayed neuronal growth in the perinatal brain. Provision of high long chain n-3 PUFA in parenteral lipids is associated with decreased inflammation and incidence of sepsis. The provision of n-3 PUFA, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) also is critical for neurodevelopment in premature infants. Aim To determine whether a new generation lipid emulsion high in n-3 PUFA (SMOFlipid) protects against inflammation and improves neuroprotection in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to a lipid emulsion high in n-6 PUFA (Intralipid). Methods Preterm piglets delivered 7 d preterm were assigned into two groups receiving complete TPN containing either Intralipid or SMOFlipid at 10 g*kg -1 *d -1 for 10 d. On day 10, sub-groups of piglets were assigned to receive either an 8-hr infusion of lipopolysaccharide (2 mg/kg) or control saline and target gene expression in brain tissue was analysed. Results LPS increased brain gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF in the Intralipid group, but not the SMOFlipid group. The gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il-10 was increased in both LPS-treated lipid groups. Brain-derived neuronal growth factor, a marker of neuronal proliferation, was deceased in the LPS-treated SMOFlipid group, but not the LPS-treated Intralipid group. Conclusions SMOFlipid protected against LPS-induced inflammation, but did not acutely increase the expression of the neuroprotective protein, BDNF, in the presence of LPS.
Dicamba resistance in kochia

Abstract Kochia plants resistant (R) to field rates of dicamba were characterized for their frequency of occurrence and levels of resistance and for the physiological fate of applied 14C-dicamba. Of 167 randomly sampled fields and seven fields identified by producers to contain R kochia, 19 contained plants that produced 1% or more R progeny. The maximum percentage of R progeny produced by parental plants from any field was 13%. An inbred R line derived from a field collection was 4.6-fold more resistant to dicamba than an inbred susceptible (S) line. Rates of 14C-dicamba uptake and translocation were similar in R and susceptible (S) plants up to 168 h after treatment (HAT). Concentrations of the primary metabolite, 5-hydroxy dicamba, were similar in R and S tissues up to 60 HAT, although amounts were significantly greater in R treated leaves by 96 and 168 HAT. However, because there were negligible levels of dicamba metabolites in R shoots and because the rate of metabolism was relatively slow, the obser...
Antibacterials and acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: Issues for formulary decision makers

The utility of antibacterials in the management of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (AECB) and the related lung pathology, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), has been debated for decades. Data presented in this article document that more expensive antimicrobials may be favored in AECB treatment to prevent adverse outcomes to patients, namely antimicrobial failure and hospitalization. Identified patient-specific variables that may lead to treatment failure include right- or left-sided heart failure and ≥4 exacerbations/year. Risk factors for hospitalization include age ≥65 years and severe pulmonary and nonpulmonary dysfunction. However, these risk factors have never been formally validated in a prospective, randomized trial. Drug-resistant organisms have not been documented to cause antimicrobial failure or hospitalization, however, more data are needed in this growing area.
Couplings in pseudosupersymmetry

We analyze theories in which a supersymmetric sector is coupled to a supersymmetry-breaking sector described by a non-linear realization. We show how to consistently couple N = 1 supersymmetric matter to non-supersymmetric matter in such a way that all interactions are invariant under non-linear supersymmetry transformations. We extend this formalism to couple N = 2 supersymmetric matter to N = 1 superfields that lack N = 2 partners but transform in a non-linear representation of the N = 2 algebra. In particular, we show how to couple an N = 2 vector to N = 1 chiral fields in a consistent way. This has important applications to effective field theories describing the interactions of D-brane world-volume fields with bulk fields. We apply our method to study systems where different sectors break different halves of supersymmetry, which appear naturally in models of intersecting branes.
Representative lake water extent mapping at continental scales using multi-temporal Landsat-8 imagery

Abstract Inland lakes, important water resources, play a crucial role in the global water cycle and are sensitive to climate change and human activities. There clearly is a pressing need to understand temporal and spatial variations of lakes at global and continental scales. The recent operation of Landsat 8 extends the unprecedented Landsat record to over 40 years, allowing long-term, large-scale lake dynamics mapping at high resolutions. Using our circa-2000 lake product derived from Landsat 7 images as a reference, this research produces a circa-2015 map of representative lake extents and distributions, and addresses seasonal and inter-annual lake area variability using Landsat 8 images acquired in lake stable seasons at a continental scale. Oceania is chosen here as a case study as it contains a large group of salt lakes that exhibit high area variability and has the most intensive image coverage during the first 2.5-year operation of Landsat 8. Accordingly, this paper describes an adaptive algorithm to automate lake mapping for various surface conditions using images acquired during lake stable seasons and a compositing scheme in the vector domain to generate a representative continental mosaic of lake extents from multi-temporal mapping. Our results demonstrate that these strategies and methods produce a highly reliable and representative composite of highly-variable lake extents across Oceania, and are potentially applicable to other large-scale lake mapping projects using multi-temporal data.
Spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of a postpartum rectus sheath haematoma.

A 35-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with acute severe abdominal pain at 4 days postpartum. CT of the abdomen revealed a type II rectus sheath haematoma for which she was initially treated conservatively and discharged. A few hours later, she returned to the ED with a picture suggestive of peritonitis. Exploratory laparoscopy was performed and revealed haemoperitoneum and a ruptured area on the posterior rectus sheath. Approximately 2 L of blood was aspirated. Haemostatic control was achieved and closed suction drains secured in position. The patient was discharged in stable condition on postadmission day 6. She continued to follow-up on an outpatient basis and was doing well 3 months postoperatively.
The Scrutinizing Gaze in the Aesthetics of Islamic Visual Cultures: Sight, Insight, and Desire

The subjectivity of the gaze and its engagement with human experience had the capacity to incorporate the body, affect, sensation, and memory, thereby raising the status of the visual arts and architecture into potential sites of knowledge. This essay engages with the subject of the gaze and aesthetic experience by exploring the wonderment of the eye, the embodiment of vision through emotional states and desire, the disembodiment of the eye in introspective vision, and the cognitive capacity of sight to produce insight. Addressing these diverse yet interrelated themes, it considers the modalities of the gaze in new genres of Safavid and Ottoman texts on the arts and architecture, starting with their origin in medieval paradigms of visual perception and artistic creation. These more specialized sixteenth–seventeenth-century Persian and Turkish sources include treatises on the visual arts, album prefaces, biographies of architects, and biographical anthologies of calligraphers and painter-decorators.
Psychometric evaluation of the perceived prejudice in health care scale-modified (PPHC-M) among baccalaureate student nurses.

Purpose: Discrepancy in quality of health care for patients with diverse backgrounds contributes to health outcome disparities. BSN students reveal surprise regarding the presence of health care disparities. Critical social theory guided this study. The psychometric properties of the Perception of Prejudice in Health Care Scale–Modified (PPHC-M) were evaluated, and the relationship between perceived discrimination in health care delivery and cultural sensitivity awareness was explored. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey of 146 Midwest BSN students was conducted using Cultural Competence Assessment (CCA), PPHC-M, and the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Results: PPHC-M demonstrated reliability (α = .781.) Cronbach’s alphas for General Perception of Prejudice (GPP) and Personal Experience of Prejudice (PEP) were .759 and .756, respectively. Construct validity was supported by contrasted groups. The PPHC was not significantly correlated with the CCA scores. Discussion/Conclusion: PPHC-M s...
The Search for a Clinically Useful Blood Substitute

Through the years, researchers and corporations have sought to develop a clinically useful blood substitute. Applications of a blood substitute are numerous. Short-term support applications include intravascular resuscitation following trauma, media for hemodilution on the elective surgery patient, transfusions for patients with red cell incompatibilities, and use in patients with ischemic vascular disease or who require coronary angioplasty. Key criteria include the substitute's ability to maintain intravascular volume and solute equilibrium and to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Major categories of blood substitutes include perfluorocarbon solutions, lyophilized or “instant” red cells, hemoglobin-based compounds, and neohematocytes. This is the second article in a four-part continuing education series on blood banking. Other articles focus on ensuring quality during intraoperative blood salvage, electronic cross-match, and transfusion triggers.
Parental Predictors of Adolescent Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Consequences

This study examined parental predictors of alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences among 9th-grade students (N = 296). Parental disapproval of teen drinking and quality of parent–child general communication were significant predictors of drinking behaviors. Implications for counselors are discussed.
Identification of glutamate-169 as the third zinc-binding residue in proteinase III, a member of the family of insulin-degrading enzymes

A novel active site has been identified in a family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that includes bacterial proteinase III, the human and Drosophila insulin-degrading enzymes, and the processing-enhancing protein subunit of the mitochondrial processing proteinase. None of these enzymes contains the conserved active site described in most other metalloendopeptidases, HEXXH; instead, all four contain an inversion of this motif, HXXEH. Prior mutagenesis studies of proteinase III indicate that the two histidines are essential for co-ordinating the zinc atom, while all three residues are required for enzyme activity. To identify the third zinc-binding residue in this protein family, three glutamates downstream from the active site were mutated to glutamine in proteinase III. The mutant proteins were expressed and their ability to degrade insulin was compared with the wild-type enzyme. The glutamate-204 mutant was as active as the wild-type protein, the glutamate-162 mutant retained 20% of the activity of the wild-type enzyme and the glutamate-169 mutant was completely devoid of insulin-degrading activity. The purified wild-type and glutamate-204 mutant enzymes were found to contain nearly stoichiometric levels of zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, whereas the glutamate-162 mutant had a slight reduction in the level of zinc, and the glutamate-169 mutant retained less than 0.3 mol of zinc/mol of enzyme. These findings are consistent with glutamate-169 being the third zinc-binding residue in proteinase III.
Full-Component Modeling and Simulation of Charged Device Model ESD

This paper presents a methodology to construct an equivalent circuit model of a packaged integrated circuit mounted on a field-induced charged device model electrostatic discharge tester. Circuit simulation is used to obtain the full-component current and voltage distributions. This paper focuses on predicting overvoltage stress at power domain crossing circuits.
In vitro development of bone marrows from patients with neutropenia.

Bone marrows from patients with neutropenia, characterized morphologically by a paucity of mature neutrophils, underwent normal maturation when removed from the body and grown in tissue culture. In addition, certain leukopenic plasmas appeared to stimulate development of normal bone marrows under similar circumstances. These observations suggest that the granulocytic elements in benign forms of neutropenia are innately capable of normal sequential growth and that sustained peripheral neutropenia may distort the normal feedback mechanism which regulates leukopoiesis.
A Study on Contracting Translation Approach in English and Chinese Translations

It's crucial to consider the context of situation in handling the way the source language is translated and expressed.The form of translation in target language should be generally equivalent to the source language in function,i.e.,in conveying meaning and information.Meanwhile,the translation should be accessible to the habitual expressions in the target language.A theoretical comparison between Chinese and English definition and their characteristics of sentences suggests that using contraction in translation is one of the ways of the sentence combination translation,which is applied mainly to achieve intentional or habitual effect,and that contracting translation should start with certain basic conditions and considerations.The effect is in its preciseness,clearness and strong informativity.More examples are supplied and analyzed to show their advantages and the importance of the conditions and considerations in applying this translating method.
Analysis of Rabies Epidemic Factors from 2005 to 2006 in Fuyang city

Objective To analyze epidemic factors rabies of from 2005 to 2006 in Fuyang prefecture and find effective countermeasures.Methods Related information of All rabies patients was investigated.Density and vaccination of the dogs in villages with rabies patients were also investigated.Two rabies Outpatient clinics were selected as surveillance sites of rabies.Results 43 rabies patients from 2005 to 2006 in the prefecture were reported.The annual mean disease incidence was 0.28 per one hundred thousand.Fatality rate was 100%.The eight counties of the prefecture had rabies cases. Linquan county ranked the first,accounted for 32.56% of all cases.The highest age was 77 years old.The lowest age was 2 years old.Most patients were children and the young and mature persons.The main occupation of the cases was farmer,accounted for 72.09%.The main animal was the dog,accounted for 95.00%.The main wound spot was the upper limbs,accounted for 57.50%,then the lower limb and face.The most wound degree was III degree,accounted for 80%.Wounded sites of 22 cases were not treated,accounting for 55.00%.33 patients were not vaccinated,accounted for 76.74%.90% of the patients who were vaccinated did not meet the ruled procedure.Clinic outpatients hurt by dogs were mainly from rural areas.The outpatients could occur in every month.But most occurred from June to August,accounted for 35.89%.The highest age was 89 years old.The lowest was only 28 days old.The main wound spot was the lower limb,accounted for 56.19%.The most wound degree was Ⅱ degree,accounted for 53.63%.The dog density was 89.22%,The immunization rate of the dogs was 34.62%.Conclusions High dog density,low immunization rate of dogs,low prevention awareness among the population,no wound processing,low vaccination or incompletion immunity of the cases were the main epidemic factors of rabies in the city.
Baseline retrobulbar blood flow is associated with both functional and structural glaucomatous progression after 4 years

Background/aims Previous studies suggest that vascular abnormalities are involved in the pathogenesis of open-angle glaucoma. This study aims to examine the relationship of baseline retrobulbar blood flow measurements with functional and structural glaucomatous progression in patients with open-angle glaucoma over 4 years. Methods In this study, 112 patients with open-angle glaucoma were examined at baseline and 78 with retrobulbar blood flow assessments were followed to 4 years. Colour Doppler imaging was used to evaluate retrobulbar blood flow. Structural disease progression was examined with optical coherence tomography and Heidelberg Retinal Tomography III. Functional disease progression was monitored with automated perimetry using Humphrey visual fields. Mixed-model analysis of covariance was used to test for significance of changes from baseline to 4-year follow-up. Two-sample t tests and χ 2 tests were used to test for baseline blood flow differences between patients who progressed and those who did not progress. Results Patients who progressed structurally had a statistically significant lower baseline mean ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) (p=0.024) and ophthalmic artery end diastolic velocity (EDV) (p=0.012) compared with those who did not progress. Similarly, a lower baseline mean ophthalmic artery PSV (p=0.031) and ophthalmic artery EDV (p=0.005) were associated with patients who progressed functionally compared with those who did not progress after 4 years. Conclusions In this study population, lower baseline ophthalmic artery blood flow velocities were associated with simultaneous structural and functional glaucoma progression after 4 years.
Scaffolding Visual Learning in the Classroom for Increased Engagement

Visual learning activities have the power to engage students across the disciplines. If, however, instructors rely solely on such an activity to teach the material, without scaffolding the visual learning properly, students are more likely to disengage and not retain the information. In my English 201: Reading and Writing About Texts course, I have been working to effectively scaffold visual learning activities to increase engagement and classroom community, make student learning more visible, and develop students’ analysis, critical thinking, writing, and problem-solving skills. This session will focus on best practices for the use of visual learning in the classroom, starting with and then going well beyond concept mapping and visual representation of ideas, and the pedagogy behind these choices. In my English 201 classroom, visual learning has allowed students to think and learn creatively; giving them new ways to dissect challenging texts and concepts. The tangible product of such activities leaves students with a clearer understanding of the material, and this fact is not limited to the study of literature. After attending this session, faculty across the disciplines will be able to effectively scaffold visual learning activities in order to foster creative and engaged learners in their classroom.
Introduction to PHEMTs

The development of the pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) was a result of the convergence of several factors. These factors included an interest in the behavior of quantum well structures (including superlattices) and development of the concept of modulation doping, the development of a crystal growth technique (molecular beam epitaxy) capable of producing heterojunction III–V compound semiconductor materials with atomically abrupt transitions in composition and doping, and lastly, the application of both the MBE growth technique and the knowledge of modulation doped super-lattice behavior to the development of field effect transistors. The superior microwave performance capabilities of PHEMT devices compared to conventional GaAs MESFETs provided the impetus for early application of PHEMT technology to advanced military systems, where ultimate performance historically outweighed cost as a system driver. The subsequent investment in PHEMT material, design, and manufacturing capabilities by the defense community, through programs such as the MIMIC program in the U.S., enabled the evolution of a cost effective PHEMT technology base. As a result, PHEMT technology is being selected for a number of emerging commercial applications including global communications, cellular phones, wireless local area networks, high efficiency lighting, and a host of others.
Breast implants and the challenge of an informed public

Les complications cliniques associees a la chirurgie plastique posent clairement le probleme de la responsabilite des scientifiques vis-a-vis de la societe
Split Pride/Split Identities

For the past few years one of the most popular topics in queer theory has been homonationalism, a term coined by Jasbir Puar to describe the idea that nationalism is no longer exclusively heteronormative or heterosexist, but that instead gay citizens and gay rights can be instrumentalized or coopted to exclude others – immigrants and Muslims – from the benefits of citizenship.
Effect of manufacturing parameters on mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel parts fabricated by selective laser melting: A computational framework

Abstract This paper presents a computational framework to model the mechanical response of selective laser melting processed 316L stainless steel by considering both the grain and melt pool in the material. In this model, inspired by the experimental observations, individual melt pools are approximated by overlapped cylinder segments that are connected to each other by cohesive surfaces. Each of the melt pools contains several grains, modeled by Voronoi tessellation method to represent the realistic grains in a polycrystalline material. The proposed computational model is used to predict the effects of various microstructural properties on the mechanical properties of the manufactured samples. These microstructural properties include melt pool size, the overlap between neighboring melt pools, texture, process-induced defects, and the orientation of layers with respect to the loading direction. Furthermore, several flat dog bone shaped 316L stainless steel samples are fabricated with selected values of laser power, scanning velocity, and scanning direction and their mechanical properties were determined to relate the macro-mechanical properties to the microstructural modeling and processing parameters.
Ultrafast magnetic switching of GdFeCo with electronic heat currents

We report the magnetic response of Pt/Au/GdFeCo trilayers to optical irradiation of the Pt surface. For trilayers with Au thickness greater than 50 nm, the great majority of energy is absorbed by the Pt layer, creating an initial temperature differential of thousands of kelvin between the Pt/Au layers and the GdFeCo layer. The resulting electronic heat current across the metal multilayer lasts for several picoseconds with energy flux in excess of $2\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{TW}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ and provides sufficient heating to the GdFeCo electrons to induce deterministic reversal of the magnetic moment.