cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nursing implications of alcohol withdrawal in the postoperative orthopaedic patient

Summary Early assessment and identification of patients experiencing alcohol withdrawal (AWD) in the postoperative period can be crucial to the outcomes for the orthopaedic patient. Accurate and swift identification of patients experiencing AWD can impact mortality, morbidity and length of stay in the postoperative period. This article follows a case study involving a postoperative right Total Knee Arthroplasty patient, outlines the current perceptions on pathophysiology and offers guidelines for prevention and interventions. The purpose is to increase the nurse's knowledge and understanding of AWD and related safety issues in the hospitalised postoperative orthopaedic patient.
Burying beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) in the forest canopy: The unusual case of Nicrophorus pustulatus Herschel

The burying beetle Nicrophorus pustulatus Herschel can reproduce in both large (Trumbo 1992) and small (Robertson 1992) carcasses in the laboratory, but has never been observed using these iiz the wild (Robertson 1992) and comes more readily to lights than to traps baited with carrion (Anderson 1982; Lingafelter 1995). Under natural conditions. this species has only beell observed breeding in nests of black rat snakes (Blouin-Demers and Weatherhead 2000; Keller and Heske 2001) and may never use carrion for breeding purposes. In 2005 we caught two specimens of N. pustulatus Herschel in flight intercept traps suspended 15 meters or more above the ground in a bottomland hardwood forest in Georgia. We returned in 2006 to suspend carrion traps at three different heights to compare the vertical distribution of N. pustulatus with other burying beetles.
Species specificity of interferon action: a functioning homospecific nucleus is required for induction of antiviral activity in heterokaryons

Abstract We have investigated whether a homospecific nucleus might be necessary in order for a species-specific interferon (IFN) to protect heterokaryons and cybrids against viral infection. We used mouse fibroblast interferon (Mu-IFN-β) and human leukocyte interferon (Hu-IFN-α) to induce resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication in single cells, polykaryons, or cybrids. We speciated the cells by means of Heochst 33258 fluorescence and counted those displaying rhodamine anti-VSV immunofluorescence to determine the proportion of cells of each type that were infected with VSV. When we fused intact mouse L-929 fibroblasts to intact human HEL fibroblasts with polyethylene glycol (PEG), we found that the single mouse cells and mouse homopolykaryons were protected only by the mouse IFN; that the single human cells and human homopolykaryons were protected only by the human IFN; and that the heteropolykaryons were protected by both IFNs. When we constructed the mouse-human heterokaryons from L-929 cells whose DNA had been crosslinked by treatment with Trioxsalen and near ultraviolet light (320–360 nm), however, they were protected only by the human IFN, not by the mouse IFN. Similar lack of protection by mouse IFN was observed in cybrids made by fusing intact human cells to mouse cytoplasts enucleated by cytochalasin B treatment. We also continuously exposed mouse cells with intact nuclei to cycloheximide (CH) throughout their fusion with PEG, their subsequent brief treatment with IFN, and the termination of the IFN “pulse” with anti-IFN antibody. The CH was then removed, allowing protein synthesis to resume. The fused mouse cells nevertheless resisted VSV infection. This result suggests that the lack of response to mouse IFN of the human-mouse heterokaryons with inactivated mouse nuclei, and of the cybrids, was not due to PEG-induced loss or dysfunction of species-specific IFN receptors in cells incapable of resynthesizing them. Our data support the hypothesis that a homospecific nucleus is needed in order for some species-specific IFNs to protect cells against viral infection and hence that the nucleus is involved in a selective response to IFN.
Higgs-Particle Interpretation of Narrow e + e - Resonances

We present a gauge model in which parity and ${[\mathrm{SU}(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{Y}]}_{W}$ are spontaneously broken. Three neutral Higgs particles couple directly to ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) with coupling strengths proportional to a heavy-electron (muon) mass. Identification of two Higgs particles with ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ resonances at 3.105 and 3.695 GeV limits the two heavy-lepton masses to 1-3 GeV. The heavy leptons are not produced by ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{L}$ beams, but have sequential signature in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ production.
Synthesis of nearly monodisperse palladium (Pd) nanoparticles by using oleylamine and trioctylphosphine mixed ligands

Abstract In this paper, we report a facile method to prepare nearly monodisperse Pd nanoparticles by heating Pd(II) ions in 4- tert -butyltoluene solvent, in the presence of oleylamine and trioctylphosphine (TOP) ligands. It has been found the concentration of TOP ligand was highly pivotal for the formation of Pd nanoparticles. Without TOP, only aggregated Pd particles were obtained due to the reduction of Pd(II) by oleylamine. When the molar ratio of TOP to Pd(II) was less than two, well-protected Pd nanoparticles were obtained. However, when the molar ratio reached to two, only Pd(II)–TOP coordination complexes were obtained as the final product. Also, the addition of excess oleylamine as a supplementary protecting ligand has proven to be very important. By controlling the experimental conditions, Pd nanoparticles were obtained by this simple synthetic process, and the average size controllable in the range of 9.5–14.9 nm, with standard deviation in the range of 8–13%.
The effects of direct observation on student responses in the renewable energy REU program at Colorado School of Mines

The Cornell Office for Research on Evaluation (CORE) Systems Evaluation Protocol (SEP) is a step-by-step guide to evaluation, emphasizing systems modeling principles, facilitating the creation of evaluation plans with clear, specific and measurable outcomes. In 2011, CORE SEP techniques were applied to the Renewable Energy Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (REMRSEC) National Science Foundation (NSF) funded Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) site and revealed two very different pathways leading to the critical outcome of students obtaining post-baccalaureate jobs in technical fields related to renewable energies. While the experiences within a student's research group defined a clear evaluation pathway, a second pathway characterizing student attitudes shaped by the REU community at-large also emerged. This created an interesting question on the effects direct observation has on evaluation data. In response the REMRSEC REU SEP evaluation plan saw different implementations from 2011 to 2012. While both employed similar measures, the 2012 evaluators intervened only digitally. In this paper we summarize the REMRSEC REU and its CORE SEP evaluation plan. We conclude with comparison of the two evaluation implementations and speculate on how evaluator role affects the gathered data. Lastly, we discuss plans to hybridize previous implementations into the 2013 cycle, which we characterize in terms of evaluator role theory.
Machado de Assis, moral imagination and the novel

The article discusses the premise behind binding literary value to the ability a work has to yield socio-historical information, prevalent in recent criticism on Machado de Assis. It argues that the body of Machado's work shows an increasing ambivalence regarding the links between imagined lives and history, thus proposing that in his late writings the matching between things real and things represented is a rhetorical and melancholy gesture of great insight. In order to illustrate the prevalence of moral imagination as object and technique in Machado's late novels, the author highlights a few points of contact between Machado de Assis and Henry James, contemporaries and akin in their literary sensibilities.
The Legacy of the Color Revolutions for Russian Politics and Foreign Policy

The Color Revolutions represent the ongoing challenge posed by the ideals of liberalization and democratization, not only to Russian interests abroad but also domestically.
Concomitant Spigelian and inguinal hernias in a neonate

A Spigelian hernia presented concurrently with bilateral inguinal hernias in a 1-month-old infant. This case emphasizes that a Spigelian hernia can occur in neonates and synchronously with an inguinal hernia. Analysis suggests that a Spigelian hernia, regardless of age of presentation, is congenital in origin.
Synthesis of Doped ZnS Nanoclusters within Block Copolymer Nanoreactors

We have demonstrated the synthesis of PbS nanoclusters within the microphase-separated films of diblock copolymers containing carboxylic acid units on one of the blocks. Lead was selectively sequestered into the acid containing domains by treating the polymer films with tetraethyllead, and PbS was formed by subsequently treating the films with H2S. The PbS nanoclusters were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, electron microscopy, and UV−vis spectroscopy. The cluster size could be controlled by varying processing parameters such as temperature, the presence of coordinating bases, and the H2S exposure time. Increasing the size of the nanoreactors increased the cluster size. The universal cluster synthesis scheme enabled multiple passes through the process, which were used to increase the cluster size and which could in principle be used to passivate the surface of the PbS cluster or to produce mixed semiconductor clusters.
In situ composite formation in the Ni–(Cu)–Ti–Zr–Si system

Abstract In situ composites were synthesized by arc melting Ni–(Cu)–Ti–Zr–Si alloys. The X-ray diffraction patterns of rapidly cooled cast strips show a primary Ni(Ti, Zr) B2 structure superimposed on the diffuse scattering maxima from the amorphous phase. Compression test results show that the composite starts to yield at 1200 MPa and fractures at 1900 MPa.
Cross-talk between arterioles and tubules in the kidney

In hypertension the pressure natriuresis set point is shifted to a higher pressure due to an increase in both renal vascular resistance and sodium (Na) reabsorption. The afferent arterioles (Af-Arts) and efferent arterioles (Ef-Arts) account for most renal vascular resistance; they control glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and peritubular pressure, and, consequently, renal function. Af-Art and Ef-Art resistance is regulated by factors similar to those in other arterioles and also by tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF). TGF operates via the macula densa, which senses increases in sodium chloride (NaCl) and sends a signal that constricts the Af-Art and dilates the Ef-Art. In the outer renal cortex, the connecting tubule (CNT) returns to the glomerular hilus and contacts the Af-Art. This morphology is compatible with cross-talk between the CNT and Af-Art, so-called connecting tubule glomerular feedback (CTGF). Our studies show that increasing NaCl delivery to the CNT results in Af-Art dilatation that can be blocked by inhibitors of Na transport. We believe cross-talk between the CNT and Af-Art is a novel mechanism that may contribute to regulation of renal blood flow and GFR.
The Performance of House Committee Staff Functions: a Comparative Exploration

THERE has been considerable growth in the size of the congressional bureaucracy in recent decades. This growth has signaled an increasingly important role for the nonelected participant in the legislative process. Legislators are becoming even more dependent upon their professional staffs to help them identify problems, develop legislation, and work with other actors in the political system. Clearly, one might question whether this staff expansion or explosion has only positive consequences. Senator Barry Goldwater, for example, complains that staff runs Congress. "You get off the elevator to vote and you have to beat your way through 50 or 60 of them standing around" (Farney 1979). Representative Morris Udall agrees. "You can become a prisoner of your staff .... Congress ought to focus on the big issues, but I spend about half my time in fights that my staff or somebody else's staff gets me into" (Farney 1979). Like it or not, the growing staff bureaucracy is part of recent congressional history. The number of committee, personal, and support staff has grown steadily since the passage of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946. In the decade between 1970 and 1980 the number of congressional staff almost doubled. Specifically, the House, in 1980, employed 8,667 personal staff members, while the Senate had 4,281. Additionally, House committee staffers numbered 1,818, while their Senate counterparts totaled 1,108 (Davidson and Oleszek 1981: 238). Finally, congressional aides working in support agencies such as the Library of Congress, General Accounting Office, and the Congressional Budget Office numbered several thousand (Fox and Hammond 1977: 3). The manner in which professional staff members operate influences not only the legislative environment but also the making of legislative policy. Committee staffers, even more than their member office staff counterparts, are highly trained specialists (Fox and Hammond 1977: 44-46). The orientation that they have toward their work affects the number and kinds of projects their committees undertake. While their influence is dependent on the legislators' receptivity to their efforts, in many instances staff exercise a great deal of discretion in the handling of issues. The way that staffers define and perform their jobs thus has an important impact on what committee members are able or inclined to do (Price 1981: 173).
EXPERIMENTS WITH AN ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE PLASMA ACCELERATOR

A plasma acceleration system is described in which power is transferred from an rf electromagnetic field to a flowing plasma by means of electron cyclotron resonance coupling An efficient coupling of energy from the rf field to the plasma can be expected if a right-hand, circularly-polarized wave is used and if the flow conditions of the injected gas are properly established The Lorentz force due to the radial component of the fringing magnetic field then converts the electron paths from transverse to longitudinal, and the resulting chargeseparation field causes the ions to follow Experimental results obtained with a medium power (320 w), S-band (2 45 kMc/sec) microwave accelerator are presented Plane rather than circularly-polarized waves are used in this system In spite of this, the coupling of energy from the rf field into the plasma can be made to be quite good; efficiencies on the order of 80-90% have been measured The rf-plasma interaction zone is rather narrow in this experiment, thereby not making efficient use of the injected gas As much as 22% of the incident rf power appears in the accelerated plasma stream, however The effects of magnetic field strength, gas density and gas injector location on exhaust stream characteristics, rf-plasma interaction zone thickness, and rf reflection coefficient are described Design considerations resulting from these experiments are discussed I Introduction r|THE fact was recognized1 and substantiated2 some time •*- ago that electrical acceleration of charged particles would probably be required to achieve the specific impulses necessary for practical interplanetary travel. Upon this premise, the development of electrical propulsion has proceeded with increasing rapidity over the past few years, and three specific avenues of endeavor—electrothermal, electrostatic, and electromagnetic—have become clearly defined
The San Francisco public art map application: using VGI and social media to complement institutional data sources

The City of San Francisco is endowed with a rich variety of art in public spaces. The San Francisco Arts Commission (SFAC) alone curates over 800 pieces of public art. In addition to the SFAC holdings, there are colorful murals, landscaped parks, art monuments, street art of mysterious origin, and pieces curated by other organizations. People taking public transportation, playing in parks, reading in libraries, or performing daily tasks that take them into San Francisco's built environment see art.There is no one place to learn about all the different art freely available. Existing mobile and web applications that map art locations silo information by covering only certain categories of art such as publicly funded pieces, murals, or street art. No application uses social media as a source of art data. In contrast, the San Francisco Public Art Map presented in this paper (SFPAM at www.sfpublicart.com) is a web application that aggregates location-based publicly accessible art data in San Francisco. SFPAM addresses the gap identified in other applications.The application has three levels of art data curation: organizational, administrative, and volunteered. The project compiles art location information from disparate institutional sources that fund and curate public art. Administrative scraping of web sites and local knowledge create additional layers. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) creates a dynamic layer of pictures and comments on public art through social media streams such as Flickr, Panoramio, Instagram, and YouTube from contributors who unknowingly take on the role of curator through posting and tagging images. Combining data from multiple curators creates a richer set of art data points for visitors and residents in San Francisco interested in public art.Assessment of SFAC's art location data reveals quality issues with positional accuracy. Some points are located miles from their actual location and multiple points are collocated. Comparison of sample points from the SFAC dataset and peer reviewed VGI suggests that VGI can improve the quality of the application dataset.
1,10-phenanthroline-copper, a footprinting reagent for single-stranded regions of RNAs

Abstract The 1,10-phenanthroline-cuprous complex (OP-Cu) with hydrogen peroxide as a coreactant nicks the single-stranded loops and bulges of RNA stem-loop structures more rapidly than the double-stranded stems. This chemical nuclease is therefore a useful footprinting reagent for these regions and can be used to monitor both intramolecular and intermolecular hybridization of single-stranded domains. The formation of A-form structures characteristic of either RNA-RNA or RNA-DNA duplexes inhibits scission because it blocks the binding site of the coordination complex in single-stranded loops and not because the oxidatively sensitive hydrogens of the ribose moiety are blocked. The C-4′ and C-1′ hydrogens are accessible to solvent in A-structures.
NF1 Deletions in S-100 Protein-Positive and Negative Cells of Sporadic and Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1)-Associated Plexiform Neurofibromas and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

Although plexiform neurofibroma (PN) is thought to represent a benign neoplasm with the potential for malignant transformation (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; MPNST), its neoplastic nature has been difficult to prove due to cellular heterogeneity, which hampers standard molecular genetic analysis. Its mixed composition typically includes Schwann cells, fibroblasts, perineurial-like cells, and mast cells. Although NF1 loss of heterozygosity has been reported in subsets of PNs, it remains uncertain which cell type(s) harbor these alterations. Using a dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry technique, we studied NF1 gene status in S-100 protein-positive and -negative cell subpopulations in archival paraffin-embedded specimens from seven PNs, two atypical PNs, one cellular/atypical PN, and eight MPNSTs derived from 13 patients, seven of which had neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 loss was detected in four of seven PNs and one atypical PN, with deletions entirely restricted to S-100 protein-immunoreactive Schwann cells. In contrast, all eight MPNSTs harbored NF1 deletions, regardless of S-100 protein expression or NF1 clinical status. Our results suggest that the Schwann cell is the primary neoplastic component in PNs and that S-100 protein-negative cells in MPNST represent dedifferentiated Schwann cells, which harbor NF1 deletions in both NF1-associated and sporadic tumors.
STUDIES OF SOME HINDERED 2,2′-BITHIENYLS AND 3,3′-BRIDGED 2,2′-BITHIENYLS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR UV SPECTRA AND OXIDATION POTENTIALS

Abstract Some hindered bithienyl derivatives have been synthesized by cross-coupling reaction of Grignard reagents using NiCl2(dppp)(dppp = Ph2PCH2CH2CH2PPh2) or by reductive dimerization in the presence of Zn/NiCl2(PPh3)2. Their UV spectra and oxidation potentials are discussed in terms of their coplanarity and of the inductive effect of the substituent.
Temperature dependence studies of the EFG at 111 Cd probes located in some intermetallic compounds

The temperature dependences of the electric field gradient (EFG) at111Cd probes in nickel-indium and indium-tellurium intermetallic compounds have been studied by means of the time differential perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (TDPAC). The room temperature interaction frequencies (e 2 Qq/h) in each case were determined as In2Te5 (136 MHz), Ni3In (13.8 MHz), NiIn (252 and 337 MHz) (two sites), and Ni2In3 (162 and 266 MHz) (two sites). The TDPAC pattern of111Cd in NiIn did not agree with the previous assignment of the crystal structure. A general discussion of the results related to other temperature dependence studies of the EFG is presented and a general trend is discerned.
Electrospinning of complex oxide nanofibers

Abstract Electrospinning is a versatile process for drawing fibers of diverse materials including polymers, ceramics, and composites. We demonstrate here its application in the synthesis of complex ceramic oxide materials. The phase formation and morphology of BaTiO 3 nanofibers synthesized via electrospinning is investigated as a function of heat treatment conditions. Fully crystallized BaTiO 3 nanofibers with the perovskite structure are obtained after annealing at 750 °C and show an average grain size of about 30 nm. Tetragonal crystal structure of the fibers is indicated by XRD peak splitting (calculated c / a ratio=1.007), and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the advancement in heat treatment of the electrospun fibers yields single crystalline BaTiO 3 nanofibers with 50 nm in diameter and lengths up to 1 μm.
The observation of energetic protons in coincidence with pion-induced double charge exchange on 12C and 48Ca

Abstract Angular distributions of recoil protons in coincidence with the scattered pions from the reaction ( π + , π − p) on targets of 12 C and 48 Ca are reported. The measurements were made at an incident pion energy of 250 MeV, for a scattered pion angle of 80° and energy of 139 MeV. The angular distribution of recoil protons is broader than expected from a model in which the reaction is assumed to proceed by two sequential pion charge-exchange scatterings from nucleous in a Fermi gas.
Scheduling online advertisements to maximize revenue under variable display frequency

Abstract The online advertising industry realized annual revenues estimated at over $26 billion, in the United States alone, in 2010. Banner advertising accounts for an estimated 23% of all online advertising revenues. Publishers of banner advertisements face a scheduling optimization problem on a daily basis. Several papers in the literature have proposed mathematical models and solution approaches to address a publisher's banner advertisement scheduling problem and the problem has been shown to be NP-hard. In this paper we propose a new model variation for the problem, which incorporates variable display frequencies. We find that the variable-display frequency model provides significantly improved space utilization relative to the fixed-display frequency model and consequently higher revenues for the publishers.
Purification of a protein phosphatase from chloroplast stroma capable of dephosphorylating the light-harvesting complex-II.

A protein phosphatase was purified from the stroma of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) chloroplasts that is capable of dephosphorylating synthetic phosphopeptides. Following chromatographic purification of greater than 400-fold, two-dimensional electrophoresis indicated that the stromal protein phosphatase is a 29-kD protein. A similar molecular size was determined for the protein-phosphatase activity using gel-permeation chromatography, indicating that the stromal protein phosphatase is probably a monomer. The purified enzyme was able to dephosphorylate synthetic phosphopeptides, which mimic the thylakoid light-harvesting complex-II (LHC-II) N terminus, as well as LHC-II in thylakoid membranes, but did not dephosphorylate the major 64-kD phosphoprotein in the stroma. The stromal protein phosphatase did not discriminate between dephosphorylation of phosphothreonine and phosphoserine residues in synthetic peptide substrates, providing further evidence that this enzyme is distinct from the protein phosphatase localized in thylakoid membranes. The exact physiological role of the stromal protein phosphatase has yet to be determined, but it may function in the dephosphorylation of LHC-II.
The lifetime of conditioned diffusions associated with some degenerate elliptic operators

Abstract We prove that the expected lifetime of the conditioned diffusions associated with some elliptic operators degenerating at the boundary of a C2 domain is finite.
Spin-lattice relaxation and ODMR linenarrowing of the photoexcited triplet state of pyrene in polycrystalline Shpol'skii hosts and glassy matrices

Abstract Phosphorescence and ODMR linewidths, and spin-lattice relaxation (SLR) rates were measured at pumped helium temperatures for the triplet excited state of pyrene doped in several n-alkane polycrystalline hosts as well as in 3-methylpentane (3-MP) glass, in order to test the expectation that the optimum Shpol'skii matrix for pyrene should lead to the slowest SLR rates. Among the series of n-alkanes, n-hexane showed the best Shpol'skii effect for pyrene in terms of the narrowest phosphorescence and weakest guest–host phonon coupling. The 2| E | and | D + E | ODMR linewidths for pyrene were minimized in n-hexane as well. Microwave saturated phosphorescence decay and fast passage methods were used to measure the SLR rates in the range 1.75–4.2 K. SLR appeared to be slowest in n-octane rather than n-hexane, but was significantly faster in n-decane and 3-MP. A marked anisotropy was observed in all hosts, in which the in-plane ( x ⇄ y ) relaxation rate was 20–40 times the other rates. While this was suggestive of a mechanism in which SLR occurs by means of thermal promotion to a local phonon state with rotated spin axes, the observed activation energy was too small (2–3 cm −1 ) to be consistent with such a mechanism. In n-hexane, the relaxation appears to proceed by means of a direct process (rate α T 1 ) in this temperature range. In the 3-MP glass, relaxation was faster than in the polycrystalline hosts, and followed a power law temperature dependence with an exponent of 2.4±0.2, in agreement with earlier studies of naphthalene derivatives in the same host, indicating that a direct two-level-system phonon mechanism is important in this glassy host.
Renal replacement therapy in the United States: Data from the United States renal data system

This report is a summary of the discussion on the United States Renal Data System and its data contents, as presented at the Symposium on World Renal Registries on December 10, 1993. The United States Rental Data System is a national database that collects and analyzes information on the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, as well as the modalities of therapy of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the United States. The database is funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. Data on the patients are provided by the Health Care Financing Administration Medicare Program. The coordinating center for the database, operated through a contract mechanism, was formerly at the Urban Institute in Washington, DC, but is currently located at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. The data system contains information on over 462,000 patients with more than 4 million dialysis records, 2.3 million inpatient records, 94,000 transplant reports, and more than 290,000 follow-up reports. The incidence rate of ESRD is approximately 180 per million population. However, the rate is higher in African-Americans (430) and Native Americans (281) than in whites (153) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (133). The gross mortality rate of the entire ESRD population is approximately 168 deaths per 1,000 patient-years at risk. The death rate is higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic ESRD patients. It is also higher in ESRD patients older than 65 years (357) than in patients in the 45- to 64-year-old age group (158) or those in the 20- to 44-year-old age group (62).
Log Design for Accountability

Accountability is a requirement to be included in the initial design phase of systems because of its strong impact on log architecture implementation. As an illustration, the logs we examine here record actions by data controllers handling personally identifiable information to deliver services to data subjects. The structures of those logs seldom consider requirements for accountability, preventing effective dispute resolution. We address the question of what information should be included in logs to make their a posteriori compliance analysis meaningful. Real-world scenarios are used to show that decisions about log architecture are nontrivial and should be made from the design stage on. Four categories of situations for which straightforward solutions are problematic are presented. Our contribution shows how log content choices and accountability definitions mutually affect each other and incites service providers to rethink up to what extent they can be held responsible. These different aspects are synthesized into key guidelines to avoid common pitfalls in accountable log design. This analysis is based on case studies performed on our implementation of the PPL policy language.
Prediction of Extravascular Burden of Carbon Monoxide (CO) in the Human Heart

Clinically significant myocardial abnormalities (e.g., arrhythmias, S-T elevation) occur in patients with mild-to-severe carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. We enhanced our previous whole body model [Bruce, E. N., M. C. Bruce, and K. Erupaka. Prediction of the rate of uptake of carbon monoxide from blood by extravascular tissues. Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 161(2):142-159, 2008] by adding a cardiac compartment (containing three vascular and two tissue subcompartments differing in capillary density) to predict myocardial carboxymyoglobin (MbCO) and oxygen tensions (P(c)O2) for several CO exposure regimens at rest and during exercise. Model predictions were validated with experimental data in normoxia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. We simulated exposure at rest to 6462 ppm CO (10 min) and to 265 ppm CO (480 min), and during three levels of exercise at 20% HbCO. We compared responses of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO), MbCO and P(c)O2 to estimate the potential for myocardial injury due to CO hypoxia. Simulation results predict that during CO exposures and subsequent therapies, cardiac tissue has higher MbCO levels and lower P(c)O2's than skeletal muscle. CO exposure during exercise further decreases P(c)O2 from resting levels. We conclude that in rest and moderate exercise, the myocardium is at greater risk for hypoxic injury than skeletal muscle during the course of CO exposure and washout. Because the model can predict CO uptake and distribution in human myocardium, it could be a tool to estimate the potential for hypoxic myocardial injury and facilitate therapeutic intervention.
Contingent feature analysis in speech perception

A contingent adaptation effect is reported for speech perception. Experiments were conducted to test the effects of an alternating sequence of two adapting syllables, [da] and [thi], on the perception of two series of synthetic speech syllables, [ba]-[pha] and [bi]-[phi]. Each of the test series consisted of 11 stimuli varying in voice onset time, a cue which distinguishes voiced from voiceless stop consonants in word-initial position. The [da]-[thi] adapting sequence produced opposite shifts in the loci of the phonetic boundaries for the two test series. For the [ba]-[pha] series, listeners made fewer identification responses to the [b] category after adaptation, while for the [bi]-[phi] series, listeners made more responses to the [b] category. The opposing shifts indicate that the perceptual analysis of voicing in stop consonants is carried out with respect to vowel environment.
Sildenafil Improves Coronary Artery Patency in a Canine Model of Platelet-Mediated Cyclic Coronary Occlusion After Thrombolysis

Sildenafil Improves Coronary Artery Patency in a Canine Model of Platelet-Mediated Cyclic Coronary Occlusion After ThrombolysisGregory D. Lewis, Christian Witzke, Pedro Colon-Hernandez, J. Luis Gue...
Bringing a Critical Structural Frame to Person-Centered Care

Vikki Entwistle and Ian Watt (2013) offer an account of some missteps in the interpretation of person-centered care as it is employed in contemporary health systems and offer an alternative capabil...
Bosak, Dauphas, Fiore, Maloof, and Schoof receive 2011 James B. Macelwane medals: Response from Adam C. Maloof

Tanja Bosak, Nicolas Dauphas, Arlene M. Fiore, Adam C. Maloof, and Christian Schoof were awarded the 2011 James B. Macelwane Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 7 December 2011 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “significant contributions to the geophysical sciences by an outstanding young scientist.”
A first course in engineering design combining just-in-time CAD instruction within a horizontally integrated design project

First year design courses in the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum typically intend to familiarize students with the use of a CAD software package in preparation for future design or CAE coursework. Learning outcomes of these introductory courses often focus on the mechanics of generating the models using the software of choice. While most students find CAD modeling interesting, the focus on learning the software, as imparted in these traditional first or second semester CAD courses, often does not allow experiencing the role of the software tools within the design process, becoming an exercise in modeling rather than design. At the University of Maine's Brunswick Engineering Program (BEP), an engineering studio course has been developed that shifts the focus from learning the software mechanics to learning and experiencing the engineering design process; CAD software skills are conveyed "in passing", with just-in-time instruction to support students in completing the design portion of a common integrated project. Survey results after two iterations of the course indicate high levels of perceived learning and student satisfaction. This is supported by the formative and summative course assessment, and initial results of a post-test Purdue Spatial Visualization Test — Rotations.
Mobile elements in plants

Before beginning this review of transposable elements in plants, a few comments on general concepts are appropriate. The collective feature that encompasses this review is variegation in plants (Figure 1 A, B, C, and D). This variegation has been tied to genetic elements (sequences of small pieces of DNA) intimately integrated into genes, whose mobility (transposition) in and out of genes yields the variegated phenotype. Any particular variegation that one sees, e.g., the colored spots in Figure 1A or in Figure 10, is the outward expression (phenotype) of the mobility (excision) of these transposing elements, and for any one variegated phenotype it is one particular element in one gene. Without this association of the element with a specific gene that monitors the element, variegation would not be obvious. Any gene could have one of these elements integrated and any one of many different kinds (systems) of elements could be integrated into any one gene. Thus far, no gene is known to be immune to “visitati...
The immediate and long-term effects of the herbicide MCPA on soil arthropods

Plots on arable land in southern England that had received an annual application of MCPA herbicide for 10 out of 13 years between 1951 and 1963, and similar untreated plots, were sampled to see whether there were any long-term or short-term effects on the arthropod fauna. Samples were taken before and after spring sowing, before and after spray application of the herbicide, and about a month later when weed counts were made. The fauna was divided into orders or suborders initially, and no differences between treated and untreated plots were detected either at the beginning of the season, as a residual effect from previous years, or in the period immediately following spraying. The Acari population was then analysed in more detail for possible qualitative differences between treatments, and the recorded numbers of 12 common species and two genera in treated and control plots were examined. No effect that could be attributed to the use of MCPA was found. The density of the fauna is discussed in relation to other soil arthropod surveys, and the wealth of Acari species is commented on. A list of the species of Acari and Collembola collected is appended.
A Pragmatic Recipe for the Treatment of Hindered Rotations in the Vibrational Averaging of Molecular Properties

A computational protocol for the treatment of hindered rotations in the vibrational averaging of molecular properties is described. As examples, the specific rotations [α] D of (R)-methyloxirane, (1S)-methylnorbornanone, and (S)-epichlorohydrin and the spin-spin coupling constant J HD for [Ir(Cp)(PMe 3 )H 2 ] + are investigated. For each of the four molecules, the relaxed and unrelaxed potential energy surfaces along the rotational coordinate of interest are used to solve the nuclear Schrodinger equation using a pseudospectral method. Analysis of the results demonstrate that the vibrational averaging for low-frequency modes that represent hindered rotations can lead to unphysical behavior at high temperatures while simply neglecting the rotational contributions is also not desirable. The method described in this work connects the (an)harmonic oscillator behavior at low temperatures with the free rotor-like behavior at high temperatures.
In Vitro Studies of Host-Parasite Relationships of Some Plant-Parasitic Nematodes 1)

The feeding habits and parasitism of ectoparasitic nematodes of several genera were simultaneously studied in vitro. This method also was used to assay resistance of thirteen plants to attack by several nematode species. Hemicycliophora similis, Trichodorus christiei and Tylenchorhynchus claytoni fed on most of the thirteen plants tested. Feeding in vitro is indicative of the parasitic habit of the nematode under natural conditions. No significant difference was observed between accumulation of H. similis around roots of host and non-host seedlings. Feeding by two species of Tylenchur is described.
Modulation of GEF‐H1 Induced Signaling by Heparanase in Brain Metastatic Melanoma Cells

Mechanisms of brain metastatic melanoma (BMM) remain largely unknown. Understanding the modulation of signaling pathways that alter BMM cell invasion and metastasis is critical to develop new therapies for BMM. Heparanase has been widely implicated in cancer and is the dominant mammalian endoglycosidase which degrades heparan sulfate chains of proteoglycans (HSPG) including syndecans (SDCs). Recent findings also indicate that heparanase possesses non-enzymatic functions in its latent form. We hypothesized that extracellular heparanase modulates BMM cell signaling by involving SDC1/4 carboxy terminal-associated proteins and downstream targets. We digested BMM cell surface HS with human recombinant active or latent heparanase to delineate their effects on cytoskeletal dynamics and cell invasiveness. We identified the small GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) as a new component of a SDC signaling complex that is differentially expressed in BMM cells compared to corresponding non-metastatic counterparts. Second, knockdown of GEF-H1, SDC1, or SDC4 decreased BMM cell invasiveness and GEF-H1 modulated small GTPase activity of Rac1 and RhoA in conjunction with heparanase treatment. Third, both active and latent forms of heparanase affected Rac1 and RhoA activity; notably increasing RhoA activity. Both forms of heparanase were found to mediate the expression and subcellular localization of GEF-H1, and treatment of BMM with latent heparanase modulated SDC1/4 gene expression. Finally, treatment with exogenous heparanase downregulated BMM cell invasion. These studies indicate the relevance of heparanase signaling pathways in BMM progression, and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating HSPG signaling in response to exogenous heparanase.
Further remarks on Darwinian selection and “altruism”

Abstract In a recent note, Maynard Smith (Theor. Pop. Biol., in press) has claimed that there are certain difficulties in applying the method developed by us (Theor. Pop. Biol. 14, 268–280) which incorporates the evolution of altruism into the population genetic theory of frequency-dependent selection. Of the four examples presented by Maynard Smith, the case of alarm calls was shown to have a natural expression in our multiplicative framework, and to produce conclusions different from those expected under the usual additive assumptions. We show here that the examples of the sterile worker, and of parental care are both simply expressible in terms of our conditional probability approach. The fourth example, the case of incest taboos, will be discussed elsewhere. Using Maynard Smith's examples important differences between the results for the additive and multiplicative fitness constructions are revealed. It is concluded that the heuristic approach using “inclusive fitness” offers no substantive advantages over exact population genetic modelling.
Preparation and condensation of 1-lithiomethyl-3-methylisoquinoline and its 6,7-dimethoxy derivative

Abstract 1,3-Dimethylisoquinoline and 6,7-dimethoxy-1,3-dimethylisoquinoline have been conveniently metalated by n-butyllithium and lithium diisopropylamide in ethers/hexane and by sodium amide in liquid ammonia to afford only the 1-alkalimethyl derivatives. Although the isomeric 3-alkalimethyl-1-methylisoquinolines could not be obtained by metallation of the parent dimethylisoquinolines, 3-lithiomethyl-1-methylisoquinoline was prepared by reduction of 3-methoxymethyl-1-methylisoquinoline with lithium metal. The 1-alkalimethylisoquinoline derivatives were condensed with a variety of electrophiles to give alcohols, enols, enamines, and alkyl compounds in good to excellent yeilds. Isomerizations between 1-lithiomethyl-3-methylisoquinoline and 3-lithiomethyl-1-methylisoquinoline were not observed.
INDUCTION MACHINE MODELS NEAR VOLTAGE COLLAPSE

ABSTRACT A steady-state stability criterion based on the concept of synchronizing torque coefficient is presented for induction machines and various first-order models of small and large induction machines are derived near voltage collapse. In large induction machines, dynamic structural changes occur in the vicinity of voltage collapse, leading to a stronger interaction between speed and voltage variables. Two modified first-order voltage models characterizing the dominant behavior of large induction machines are derived near voltage collapse.
S0MAT0STATIN-28tl-12)-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE RAT

The distribution of the newly characterized peptide somatostatin-28(1-12) was determined in rat tissues using a radioimmunoassay in which the immune plasma is directed against the C-terminus of the dodecapeptide. In the central nervous system, somatostatin-28(1-12)-like immunoreactivity is highly concentrated in the hypothalamus and the amygdala. In the digestive system, the highest levels of immunoreactivity are found in the stomach, the pancreas and the colon. The immunoreactive material measured in different tissues is the heterogenous: in addition to the dodecapeptide, two N-terminally extended somatostatin-28(1-12) peptides of 4,400 and 8,000 mol wt are also detected by the immune plasma. However, the dodecapeptide itself usually accounts for the majority (66 to 75%) of the total somatostatin-28(1-12)-like immunoreactivity present in those tissues.
LSST camera control system

The LSST Camera Control System (CCS) will manage the activities of the various camera subsystems and coordinate those activities with the LSST Observatory Control System (OCS). The CCS comprises a set of modules (nominally implemented in software) which are each responsible for managing one camera subsystem. Generally, a control module will be a long lived "server" process running on an embedded computer in the subsystem. Multiple control modules may run on a single computer or a module may be implemented in "firmware" on a subsystem. In any case control modules must exchange messages and status data with a master control module (MCM). The main features of this approach are: (1) control is distributed to the local subsystem level; (2) the systems follow a "Master/Slave" strategy; (3) coordination will be achieved by the exchange of messages through the interfaces between the CCS and its subsystems. The interface between the camera data acquisition system and its downstream clients is also presented.
Invasion Jitters, Napoleonic Period

Aubin utilizes seven pamphlets in the Rutgers Library and published in 1802 and 1804 to illustrate the British fear on an invasion by French soldiers of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Differential Modulation of Proliferation in the Neocortical Ventricular and Subventricular Zones

Recent studies have implicated the classical neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate in the regulation of neural progenitor proliferation. We now show that GABA and glutamate have opposite effects on the two neural progenitor populations in the ventricular zones (VZs) and subventricular zones (SVZs) of the embryonic cerebrum. Application of either molecule to organotypic slice cultures dramatically increases proliferation in the VZ by shortening the cell cycle, whereas proliferation in the SVZ is decreased. These disparate effects, measured both by bromodeoxyuridine uptake and the expansion of retrovirally labeled progenitor clones, are mimicked by the application of specific GABA and glutamate agonists and are blocked by antagonists. Thus, the relative contributions of the VZ and SVZ to neocortical growth may be regulated by differential responsiveness to GABA and glutamate.