cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimization of projectile motion under linear air resistance

This article concerns the problem of maximizing the horizontal range of a projectile that is launched from atop a tower and is subject only to gravity and linear air resistance. Here the surface to which the projectile is launched is represented by a continuous function whose intersection with every flight path is a single point. In this general setting, tools from real analysis need to be employed to gain detailed information about the shape of the graph and the maximum of the distance function. In particular, the article provides geometric insight into the maximal lateral displacement of the projectile and the corresponding optimal launch angle.
Non-compliance in the Emergency Department: is There a Difference Between the Reasons Medical and Psychiatric Patients Use the Emergency Department?

Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if there are any, differences between medical and psychiatric non-compliant patients with regard to their use of the Emergency Department (ED) and the reasons for their non- compliance. Methods A random sample of patients who presented to the ED for medical or psychiatric illnesses who stated that they were non-compliant with their medical protocols were given the National Health Access Survey. The survey asked about sources of medical care, drug compliance and reason for non-compliance, such as access and cost of health care and medication. Results There were a total of 303 participants in the study. There was no significant difference in the reasons the two groups gave for being non- compliant with their medications that resulted in their ED visit. Each group cited cost as the number one reason for not taking their medication as prescribed. The psychiatric participants, who were more likely (50%), to get admitted, stated that they could not afford mental health care (40%), were not able to get care from other places, and used the ED for their psychiatric care (60%). Conclusion There was no difference between the two populations with regards to their reasons for non- compliance that brought them to the ED. But non-compliance of the psychiatric patients led to a higher admission rate than that seen in the non-compliant medical patient population.
Structured Finance for Development – Outlook for New Applications

The chapter offers a glimpse into the future of structured finance for development based on the evolution of securitisation in emerging markets, using recent experiences in structured microfinance as a showcase. It charts possible terrain to be covered by further innovation in structured development finance regarding conceptual foundations, exogenous and endogenous determinants. In particular, the chapter discusses the current use and future potential of new asset classes, such as Islamic microfinance, renewable energy certificates, emission allowances, tuition fees, and other financial assets and future flows.
Surface Plasmon Resonance-Induced Stiffening of Silver Nanowires

We report the results of a computational, atomistic electrodynamics study of the effects of electromagnetic waves on the mechanical properties and specifically the Young’s modulus of silver nanowires. We find that the Young’s modulus of the nanowires is strongly dependent on the optical excitation energy, with a peak enhancement occurring at the localized surface plasmon resonance frequency. When the nanowire is excited at the plasmon resonance frequency, the Young’s modulus is found to increase linearly with increasing nanowire aspect ratio, with a stiffening of nearly 15% for a 2 nm cross section silver nanowire with an aspect ratio of 3.5. Furthermore, our results suggest that this plasmon resonance-induced stiffening is stronger for larger diameter nanowires for a given aspect ratio. Our study demonstrates a novel approach to actively tailoring and enhancing the mechanical properties of metal nanowires.
Neurologic Complications of Anthrax

The literature on neurologic complications of infection by Bacillus anthacis is reviewed at the Dent Neurologic Institute, Buffalo, NY.
A psychological screening test form for children suspected of mental retardation.

A form to be used for summarizing psychological data gathered in screening clinics for mental retardation is described.
The use of animal models in research on dental implants.

The use of animal models in the study of dental implants has contributed greatly to our present understanding of the many different devices in use today. Animal testing plays a major role in assessing the safety and efficacy of dental implants. Standardized tests for determination of the toxicity and general biocompatibility responses of dental implants have been developed by the American Dental Association, the American National Standards Institute, and the Federation Dentaire Internationale. To date, animal testing has shown the nature of soft tissue attachment to implants and the types of interfacial tissues within bone sites. There have been increased studies correlating animal tests with in vitro analysis and human studies. Additional development of testing remains to be accomplished to show the effects of function on host tissue and the long-term safety of dental implants.
An assessment model for energy efficiency program planning in electric utilities: Case of Northwest U.S.

Abstract Energy efficiency stands out with its potential to address a number of challenges that today’s electric utilities face. These challenges include increasing and changing electricity demand, shrinking operating capacity, and reducing system reliability and flexibility. Being the least expensive and risky resource, share of energy efficiency programs in utilities’ energy portfolios has been on the rise since 1980 s and its increasing importance is expected to continue in the future. Despite holding great promise, ability to select and invest only the most prospective program alternatives plays a key role in successful use of energy efficiency as a utility wide resource. This issue becomes even more significant doe to the vast number of available potential energy efficiency programs, rapidly changing business environment, and the existence of multiple stakeholders. This paper introduces a hierarchical decision modeling framework which was used for the case of 13 high priority emerging energy efficiency program alternatives identified in the Northwest U.S. The results of the study revealed that energy savings potential (35.6%) is the most important program management consideration in selecting emerging energy efficiency programs. Market dissemination potential (25.7%) and program development and implementation potential (24.6%) are the second and third most important, whereas ancillary benefits potential (14.1%) is the least important program management consideration. Results imply that program value considerations (49.7%); comprising of energy savings potential and ancillary benefits potential; and program feasibility considerations (51.3%); comprising of program development and implementation potential and market dissemination potential; have almost equal impact on assessment of emerging energy efficiency programs.
A placebo-controlled crossover study of iloperidone augmentation for residual anger and irritability in major depressive disorder:

Background:Even when patients experience remission with antidepressants, many continue to report anger attacks and excessive irritability despite continued treatment. Iloperidone antagonizes 5-HT-2...
Effects of serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3 on insulin resistance and bone metabolism in late pregnancy

Objective To explore the effects of serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3 on insulin resistance and bone metabolism in late pregnancy. Methods A total of 84 women in late pregnancy who received prenatal examination in our hospital from February 2012 to January 2013 were selected as research subjects. They were assigned to diabetes group in late pregnancy and healthy group in late pregnancy according to their physical conditions. TG, LDL-c, HDL-c and FBG levels in the two groups of patients were examined via automatic biochemical analyzer. FINS, serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3, PTH and BALP levels were tested via automated luminescent immunoassay. Correlation analysis was also carried out between serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin and HOMA-IR, PTH and BALP. Results TG, LDL-c and HDL-c were compared between the two groups, and the differences were not statistically significant(P0.05). FBG and FINS in the diabetes group were(5.83±0.68) mmol/L and(24.93±2.07) U/L respectively; FBG and FINS in the healthy group were(4.96±0.57) mmol/L and(17.67±1.83) U/L respectively. Based on the results above, FBG and FINS in the diabetes group were significantly higher than those in the healthy group, and the differences were statistically significant( P0.05). 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3, HOMA-IR, PTH and BALP were(24.93±3.23) nmol/L,(0.80±0.08),(183.69±12.34) ng/Land(30.04±10.23) μg/L in diabetes group respectively, while 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3, HOMA-IR, PTH and BALP were(39.74±5.86) nmol/L,(0.43±0.04),(165.24±13.07) ng/L and(24.75±9.68) μg/L in the healthy group respectively.25-hydroxyl vitamin D3, HOMA-IR, PTH and BALP between the two groups were compared, and the differences were statistically significant(P0.05). 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3 was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, PTH and BALP(r =-0.479, P 0.01; r =-0.283, P 0.05; r =-0.354, P 0.05). Conclusion Insufficient serum 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3 in late pregnancy is negatively correlated with insulin resistance and has negative effects on bone metabolism.
Community-based Strategies for Immunizing the “Hard-To-Reach” Child: The New York State Immunization and Primary Health Care Initiative

The 1989–1991 measles epidemic in New York City drew attention to the low immunization coverage rates found in urban neighborhoods. This article describes a joint initiative of the New York State Department of Health and the Columbia University School of Public Health to mobilize parents to fully immunize their children. Eleven community-based organizations (CBOs) used a variety of outreach strategies to identify and enroll underimmunized children in primary care. They enrolled 4,555 children, of whom 75% needed at least one basic vaccine dose to be up-to-date for their age. Enrolled children were followed by CBOs to ensure compliance with appointments. After nine months of program operation, 73% of children in an evaluation sample were up-to-date for age for their immunizations. Immunization coverage increases were greatest for the youngest children, for whom coverage rates more than doubled in the first nine months of program operation. Ninety-one percent of these “hard to reach” children were tracked successfully by CBOs. This article compares the strategies used by the community organizations and concludes with suggestions for improvements of future community-based mobilization programs.
Persistence of dysphagia and odynophagia after mediastinal radiation and chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer or lymphoma.

Summary Esophageal symptoms are common during radiation and chemotherapy. It is unclear how often these symptoms persist after therapy. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 320 adults treated for nonmetastatic breast cancer (84), lung cancer (109), or Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (127) who were disease-free at 10–14 months after therapy. Treatment included chemotherapy with or without nonmediastinal radiation therapy (150 patients), chemotherapy plus sequential mediastinal radiation therapy (MRT) (48 patients), chemotherapy plus concurrent MRT (61 patients), or non-MRT only (61 patients). Proton pump inhibitor use was documented. All treatment groups had similar prevalence of the esophageal symptom of heartburn before therapy. Rates were higher during treatment in those who received MRT with or without chemotherapy, but declined by 10–14 months after treatment. However, low baseline rates of dysphagia (4%) and odynophagia (2%) increased significantly after combined chemotherapy and MRT to 72% for dysphagia and 62% for odynophagia (P < 0.01) during treatment and stayed significantly elevated over baseline with 27% of the patients having dysphagia and 11% having odynophagia at 10–14 months after treatment. The use of proton pump inhibitors by patients who had MRT with chemotherapy was significantly increased during and after treatment (P = 0.002). Dysphagia, odynophagia and the use of proton pump inhibitors were significantly more common both during and after treatment than before treatment in patients who received both chemotherapy and mediastinal radiation. Our data highlight the important challenge for clinicians of managing patients with lung cancer and lymphoma who have persistent esophageal problems, particularly dysphagia and odynophagia, at approximately 1 year after treatment.
True Intermediates and Spectators in Reaction Mechanisms : A Kinetic and Spectroscopic Study

An in-depth study of the mechanism of acetone oxidation with ozone was carried out using in situ laser Raman spectroscopy to follow the surface coverages of species derived from the oxidant and the reductant. The catalyst employed was silica-supported manganese oxide (MnO x /SiO 2 ) because of the well-known activity of manganese oxide as a complete oxidation catalyst. Simultaneous measurements of rate and coverage in transient and steady-state mode allowed determination of the role of the adsorbed species in the reaction. Two main surface intermediates were identified, a peroxide species derived from ozone, with a band at 890 cm and an adsorbed species with intact C-H bonds derived from acetone, with a band at 2930 cm -1 A mechanism is proposed involving the migration of the adsorbed acetone intermediate from the silica support to the manganese centers where it reacts with atomically adsorbed oxygen species to form complete oxidation products. Transient experiments, conducted for both acetone and ozone, were used to separately measure the rate of reactant adsorption and the rate of reactant removal (desorption plus reaction) to and from the catalyst surface. By setting the rate of adsorption equal to the rate of removal, steady-state rates for both acetone and ozone reaction as well as coverages for both the acetone and peroxide intermediates were calculated. The coverages obtained through the transient experiments compared favorably to those obtained from in situ Raman spectroscopy measurements under steady-state conditions. However, only the steady-state rate of acetone reaction obtained through the transient experiments compared favorably to the results obtained under steady-state conditions. Thus, the adsorbed peroxide species was determined to be a spectator in the acetone oxidation reaction. The mechanism was proposed to involve the reaction between an adsorbed acetone species and an adsorbed atomic oxygen species to initiate the formation of complete oxidation products.
Casimir self-stress on a perfectly conducting spherical shell

Abstract The Casimir stress on a perfectly conducting uncharged sphere, due to occurrence of fluctuations in the electromagnetic field, is calculated using a source theory formulation. Two independent methods are employed: we compute (1) the total Casimir energy inside and outside the sphere, and (2) the radial component of the stress tensor on the surface. It is necessary to exercise care in allowing the field points to overlap; a correct limiting procedure supplies a “cutoff” in the frequency integration. In spite of numerous technical improvements, the result of Boyer, that the self-stress is repulsive (and not attractive as Casimir hoped), is confirmed unambiguously. The magnitude of the Casimir energy of a sphere of radius a is found, by numerical and analytic techniques, to be E = ( h c 2a )(0.09235) , also in agreement with the very recent result of Balian and Duplantier.
Economic and statistical perspectives on traffic safety in Louisiana, 2005-2015.

Abstract Introduction This study examines and applies recent empirical evidence from Mississippi and Alabama on fatal crashes and its relationship with gasoline prices and alcohol consumptions using the Louisiana Crash Data Reports between January 2005 and December 2015. Method The negative binomial models is the preferred specification for the Louisiana Crash Data. The marginal effects and related elasticities were calculated to facilitate the interpretation of the results. Results Findings suggest that higher gasoline prices reduce fatalities among young drivers. A fewer number of young drivers on the roads are believed to reduce the likelihood of fatal crashes. Underage drinking is still prominent in Louisiana. Extreme temperatures are positively associated with youth and other types of fatal crashes. Practical Applications This study highlights a huge toll on society in terms of social and economic costs, wealth destruction, and unfulfilled potential of the deceased or incapacitated.
Observational Assessment in the Febrile Infant

* Abbreviations: SBI — : serious bacterial infection UCS — : unstructured clinical suspicion YOS — : Yale observation scale Febrile infants 10; of the 23 infants with meningitis assessed by UCS, only 11 had high scores. The YOS was developed to capture the instinctive clinical judgments that pediatricians make through observation to assess a child’s degree of illness.2 In analyzing 186 domains (eg, motor behavior) of observation data used to formulate these scales, ∼60% focused on the child’s response to stimuli.3 To accurately … Address correspondence to Paul L. McCarthy, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520. E-mail: paul.mccarthy{at}yale.edu
Bernstein Global Wealth Management: From One Generation to the Next

Family business as a topic has grown to constitute a major segment of the U.S. and global economies. In many regions of the world, family companies dominate the economy. Running a family business can be especially challenging when considering the complexity of working with and managing family members. This field-based case offers a disguised situation between first- and third-generation family members around an investment opportunity. A supplemental spreadsheet allows students an opportunity to do some simple forecast calculations and figure out the demand the opportunity would put on the family portfolio.This case was successfully used in a second-year elective course on global family enterprises in a class focusing on asset management. Excerpt UVA-F-1713 Jun. 16, 2014 BERNSTEIN GLOBAL WEALTH MANAGEMENT: FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT As the time approached midnight on a Thursday in late February 2014, the workday was not yet over for Cam Jones, an adviser at Bernstein Global Wealth Management. A new client, Magnus Karlsson, had recently hired the firm to develop a new long-term investment strategy for his family office. Although Karlsson had built a successful retail chain in Europe, he was finding the transition from a single-revenue-source business to a more diversified family office much more difficult than expected. After two meetings with the client, Jones and his colleague Stuart Smith, managing director at Bernstein, had begun to understand their client's objectives, needs, and attitude toward risk. Two days earlier, Jones had received a potentially game-changing phone call: Karlsson had found a new investment opportunity. If his family invested in this business, it would tie up a lot of capital and require radical changes to the family's wealth management plan. A day later, Karlsson called to let Jones know he would be in New York the next afternoon; he wanted to have a meeting at the Bernstein office to hear his advisers' views on this investment opportunity. Although it was common for Bernstein clients to schedule meetings on short notice, this one would be especially challenging because it could involve a significant transformation of the client's liquid-asset portfolio composition. There was additional pressure because Karlsson had been referred to Bernstein by his lawyer, who mentioned that, if things went well, he could set up introductions with more of his clients. . . .
Announcing the Digital Edition of AI Magazine

As tablets and other mobile devices have become preva- lent, AI Magazine has been investigating methods for making the magazine available in digital form in addition to printed form, to serve varied reader preferences and provide new capabilities. I am delighted to announce that this project has come to fruition with the launch of the digital edition of AI Magazine.
Between Stalin and Dionysus: Bakhtin's Theory of the Carnival

The essay by Russian American philologist Boris Groys and nine commentaries followed by Groys’ reply to them in this special issue: “Deconstructing Bakhtin, Carnival with Evil”, present a provocative discussion about Bakhtin’s conceptual work and legacy for education and beyond. Boris Groys argued that Bakhtin embraced a dangerous play with Stalin’s totalitarianism through fusing art and life, prioritizing cosmic carnival over human rights and by being mesmerised by dionysian passions. The following nine commentaries, written by educationalists and non-educationalists, present a diverse spectrum of reactions to Groys’ criticism of Bakhtin: from passionate rejections to sympathetic acceptance seriously considering implications of Groys’ charges. The biggest implication for education is the relationship between the teacher and the student, specifically whether the teacher authors the student and the student’s education or not. The first commentary, written by Caryl Emerson provides a brilliant overview of all these diverse positions, in education and beyond. – DPJ Editors: Eugene Matusov and Ana Marjanovic-Shane
Serial processing in the somatosensory system of macaques

Electrophysiological, anatomical and immunocytochemical evidence for serial processing in the macaque somatosensory system is reviewed. The results from these studies are then compared with similar or dissimilar results obtained in other animal species. It is argued that the bulk of the current evidence strongly supports the view that the input supplying the major somatic drive to the second somatosensory area is from postcentral somatosensory cortex.
KV7 Channel Pharmacological Activation by the Novel Activator ML213: Role for Heteromeric KV7.4/KV7.5 Channels in Guinea Pig Detrusor Smooth Muscle Function

Voltage-gated KV7 channels (KV7.1 to KV7.5) are important regulators of the cell membrane potential in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) of the urinary bladder. This study sought to further the current knowledge of KV7 channel function at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels in combination with pharmacological tools. We used isometric DSM tension recordings, ratiometric fluorescence Ca2+ imaging, amphotericin-B perforated patch-clamp electrophysiology, and in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) in combination with the novel compound N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxamide (ML213), an activator of KV7.2, KV7.4, and KV7.5 channels, to examine their physiologic roles in guinea pig DSM function. ML213 caused a concentration-dependent (0.1-30 µM) inhibition of spontaneous phasic contractions in DSM isolated strips; effects blocked by the KV7 channel inhibitor XE991 (10 µM). ML213 (0.1-30 µM) also reduced pharmacologically induced and nerve-evoked contractions in DSM strips. Consistently, ML213 (10 µM) decreased global intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in Fura-2-loaded DSM isolated strips. Perforated patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed that ML213 (10 µM) caused an increase in the amplitude of whole-cell KV7 currents. Further, in current-clamp mode of the perforated patch clamp, ML213 hyperpolarized DSM cell membrane potential in a manner reversible by washout or XE991 (10 µM), consistent with ML213 activation of KV7 channel currents. Preapplication of XE991 (10 µM) not only depolarized the DSM cells, but also blocked ML213-induced hyperpolarization, confirming ML213 selectivity for KV7 channel subtypes. In situ PLA revealed colocalization and expression of heteromeric KV7.4/KV7.5 channels in DSM isolated cells. These combined results suggest that ML213-sensitive KV7.4- and KV7.5-containing channels are essential regulators of DSM excitability and contractility.
Testing and Treating Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Reduces Symptoms in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Common mechanisms against small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), including an intact ileocecal valve, gastric acid secretion, intestinal motility, and an intact immune system, are compromised in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and therefore, a relatively high incidence of SIBO has been reported in this population. We aimed to determine whether an improvement in IBD clinical activity scores is seen after testing and treating SIBO. A retrospective cohort study of 147 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who were referred for SIBO breath testing from 1/2012 to 5/2016 was performed. Characteristics of SIBO positive and treated patients were compared to SIBO negative patients, including the changes in Partial Mayo Score or Harvey Bradshaw Index (HBI), using Student’s t test for continuous variables and Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. 61.9% were SIBO positive and treated, and 38.1% were SIBO negative. In Crohn’s disease, the median HBI decreased from 5 to 3 and 5 to 4, in the SIBO positive and negative groups, respectively (p = 0.005). In ulcerative colitis, the Partial Mayo Score decreased from 2 to 1.5 and 2 to 1, respectively (p = 0.607). This study examines the clinical effect of testing and treating for SIBO in an IBD population. We see a significant reduction in HBI after testing for and treating SIBO. Future prospective studies are necessary to further investigate the role of SIBO in the evaluation and management of IBD.
Economic comparison of oxy-coal carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) with pre- and post-combustion CCS

Abstract: Oxy-coal steam electric plants are a third option for capturing CO 2 , an alternative to air-fired combustion with post-combustion CO 2 capture, and gasification/combined cycle power plants with pre-combustion CO 2 capture. The decision on which technology to deploy will largely be made on a comparative cost basis. Comparable costs estimates for the three technology options indicate that oxy-coal with CO 2 capture may out-perform the other two options on capital cost, levelized cost of electricity, and cost of CO 2 emissions avoided. The analysis must be tempered by the fact that costs for oxy-coal steam electric power plants embody significant uncertainties associated with scaling the air separation and CO 2 purification technologies and with designbasis specification for CO 2 purity delivered to CO 2 transport/storage.
Tissue-Specific Mass Changes During Fasting: The Protein Turnover Hypothesis

Phenotypic flexibility in organ size is common in animals during fasting and is especially remarkable in birds during their migrations. This phenotypic flexibility is often explained in relation to changes in functional demands in response to environmental change. A new hypothesis suggests that the rate of tissue-specific degradation during fasting is related to the tissue-specific rate of protein turnover. This hypothesis predicts allometric scaling of tissue-specific protein turnover rate across species and so provides estimates of the rate of tissue degradation for a specific tissue in relation to other tissues within a given animal. We used carbon isotopic incorporation rate as a proxy for protein turnover and then predicted that organ size changes during fasting in migratory birds would occur in the following rank order from most to least reduced: small intestine, liver, kidney, gizzard, heart, flight, and leg muscles. Furthermore, the hypothesis that protein turnover determines the degree of tissue-specific mass loss during fasting predicts that rate of change is independent of activity levels of tissues. In the following contribution we discuss the proposed hypothesis in the context of other competing hypotheses and review its support given the existing data on tissue turnover and mass change.
Emerging Issues in Academic Library Cataloging & Technical Services

The changes happening within the field of cataloging, both within and without, can at times be difficult to quantify. Much of the current climate was captured in the Library of Congress Working Gro...
Growth-Promoting Endophytic Fungi of Forest Trees

This chapter focuses on the relatively new field of research on endophytic fungi of trees that directly improve plant growth. Endophytic fungi of Scots pine and Norway spruce enhance root development of seedlings and cuttings. Endophytic yeast strains isolated from poplar trees can increase overall growth of not only poplar but also of crop plants. Both groups of endophytic fungi were shown to produce plant hormones. This chapter provides a brief review of these few cases in which endophytic fungi of trees were shown to directly increase plant growth and it serves as a call for more research into this important area.
Hospitalization rates of people living with HIV in the United States, 2009.

Objectives.We determined hospitalization rates and disparities among people with HIV, which may have been underestimated in previous studies, as only those in medical care were included.Methods.We ...
Cost-effectiveness of a combination strategy to enhance the HIV care continuum in Swaziland: Link4Health.

Introduction Link4Health, a cluster-RCT, demonstrated the effectiveness of a combination strategy targeting barriers at various HIV continuum steps on linkage to and retention in care; showing effectiveness in achieving linkage to HIV care within 1 month plus retention in care at 12 months after HIV testing for people living with HIV (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.19–1.96, p = 0.002). In addition to standard of care, Link4Health included: 1) Point-of-care CD4+ count testing; 2) Accelerated ART initiation; 3) Mobile phone appointment reminders; 4) Care and prevention package including commodities and informational materials; and 5) Non-cash financial incentive. Our objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a scale-up of the Link4Health strategy in Swaziland. Methods and findings We incorporated the effects and costs of the Link4Health strategy into a computer simulation of the HIV epidemic in Swaziland, comparing a scenario where the strategy was scaled up to a scenario with no implementation. The simulation combined a deterministic compartmental model of HIV transmission with a stochastic microsimulation of HIV progression calibrated to Swaziland epidemiological data. It incorporated downstream health costs potentially saved and infections potentially prevented by improved linkage and treatment adherence. We assessed the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Link4Health compared to standard care from a health sector perspective reported in US$2015, a time horizon of 20 years, and a discount rate of 3% in accordance with WHO guidelines.[1] Our results suggest that scale-up of the Link4Health strategy would reduce new HIV infections over 20 years by 11,059 infections, a 7% reduction from the projected 169,019 cases and prevent 5,313 deaths, an 11% reduction from the projected 49,582 deaths. Link4Health resulted in an incremental cost per infection prevented of $13,310 and an incremental cost per QALY gained of $3,560/QALY from the health sector perspective. Conclusions Using a threshold of <3 x per capita GDP, the Link4Health strategy is likely to be a cost-effective strategy for responding to the HIV epidemic in Swaziland.
“Creative Control: Navigating Foreign Presence in Contemporary Dominican and Cuban Narrative and Film”

This article participates in debates surrounding the ethics of international travel through analysis of contemporary short fiction by Dominican writer Aurora Arias, and Cubans Alberto Guerra Naranjo and Mylene Fernandez Pintado. Through characters who are local and foreign writers and scholars, these works highlight the ethics and politics of mobility existing in transnational encounters, and the ramifications for the creative process of Caribbean cultural workers. I examine what these works communicate about the struggle of Caribbean cultural workers to be recognized and heard by their counterparts based in North America and Europe, as well as a broader readership. Arias and Guerra employ metafictional elements to critique and challenge feelings of illegitimacy, while all three writers use humor to turn the tables on power relations and inspire reflection on the possibility of ethical encounters, and even collaboration, between local and foreign intellectuals.
MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE | Transport Circulation

This article is a revision of the previous edition article by W A Norton, volume 3, pp 1353–1358, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Decolonial Theory and Disability Studies: On the Modernity/Coloniality of Ability

This paper applies a decolonial approach to hegemonic psychological science by engaging marginalized knowledge perspectives of Disability Studies (DS) to reveal and disrupt oppressive knowledge formations associated with standard understandings of ability. In the first section of the paper, we draw upon mainstream DS scholarship to challenge individualistic orientations to disability (evident in the medical model and positive psychology perspectives) that pervade psychological science. The purpose of this approach is to normalize disability by thinking through disabled ways of being as viable and valuable. In the second section of the paper, we draw upon critical race and global disability perspectives to denaturalize hegemonic accounts of ability. Rather than essential properties of human bodies and minds, the capabilities of the modern subject reflect technological and ideological investments that enable a privileged few, while disabling the marginalized global majority. We conclude by discussing implications of decolonial theory for DS and ways in which considerations of disability subjectivity can inform the decolonial project.
The Benefits of Employing Individuals with Autism

The integration of individuals with ASD into the workplace offers numerous benefits to individuals with autism, their families and caregivers, the organizations that employ them, and society as a whole. This chapter examines these benefits at the individual, organizational, and societal levels. While research on this topic is in the early stage, preliminary results suggest that a wide spectrum of benefits are incurred when Generation A is included in the workforce.
Stochastic Stress Jumps Due to Soliton Dynamics in Two-Dimensional van der Waals Interfaces.

The creation and movement of dislocations determine the nonlinear mechanics of materials. At the nanoscale, the number of dislocations in structures become countable, and even single defects impact...
Forecasting Truck Parking Using Fourier Transformations

AbstractTruck-based transportation is the predominant mode used to transport goods and raw materials within the United States. While trucks play a major role in local commerce, a significant portio...
Medical Mistrust, Discrimination, and the Domestic HIV Epidemic

General medical mistrust and HIV-specific medical mistrust (i.e., conspiracy beliefs about HIV’s origin and treatment) stem from historical and ongoing experiences of structural and interpersonal discrimination, and contribute to racial/ethnic HIV disparities in the United States. Medical mistrust is more prevalent among people of color than White Americans and is associated with HIV prevention and treatment outcomes. We propose a multilevel model in which structural discrimination generally and healthcare specifically lead to the development, spread, and maintenance of medical mistrust in communities and social networks, which in turn affects HIV outcomes through a reluctance to engage with healthcare. Mistrust, conceptualized as a survival mechanism to cope with discrimination and to protect individuals from future mistreatment, can be a resilience resource that motivates individuals and communities to work toward structural change. Research is recommended on multilevel approaches that engage healthcare providers to address discrimination and empower communities to channel mistrust into advocacy.
New insight into microbial degradation of mycotoxins during anaerobic digestion

Abstract Anaerobic digestion represents an interesting approach to produce biogas from organic waste materials contaminated by mycotoxins. In this study a shotgun metagenomic analysis of lab-scale bioreactors fed with mycotoxin-contaminated silage has been carried out to characterize the evolution of microbial community under the operating conditions and the key enzymatic activities responsible for mycotoxin degradation. The study was conducted at two different level of contamination for fumonisins and aflatoxin B1. After 15 days biogas production was not influenced by the presence of mycotoxins. Metagenomic analysis revealed that a high contamination rate of mycotoxins interfere with microbial diversity. Degradation of mycotoxins accounted in about 54% for aflatoxin B1 and 60% for fumonisins. The degradation activity of fumonisins resulted in the presence of partially hydrolyzed forms in both tested contamination levels. Accordingly, metagenomic functional analysis revealed the presence of two new carboxylesterase genes belonging to D. bacterium and P. bacterium putatively involved in fumonisin degradation.
Disabled futures: a framework for radical inclusion: MILO W. OBOURN, 2020 philadelphia. Temple university press 170 pp., $99.50 hardcover, $29.95 paperback ISBN 978-1-4399-1730-5 hardback, 978-1-4399-1731-2 paperback

Can we seek liberation through histories of oppression and marginalization? What can wounds, injuries, and suffering expose about power relations? How can we resist dominant narratives and create m...
Title 18 Insider Trading

This Note advances a general theory of insider trading liability under the fraud prohibitions of the U.S. Criminal Code. For half a century, federal prosecutors have pursued insider trading convictions by charging defendants with willfully violating the securities laws. But the resulting doctrine has long been viewed as incoherent, inefficient, unpredictable, and unjust. I articulate and defend a Title 18 insider trading framework independent of the classic tests of Rule 10b-5. Doctrinally, I translate the traditional axes of insider trading liability into the lexicon of federal criminal law. And as a normative matter, I argue that the well-established elements of federal criminal fraud better anchor insider trading’s legal forms to its conceptual foundations. Once detached from the law of Rule 10b-5, a standalone Title 18 model charts a viable path out of insider trading’s doctrinal quagmire—crucially, without requiring further legislative reform. It also rationalizes the Second Circuit’s recent landmark holding in United States v. Blaszczak, which securities scholars have largely regarded as an aberration. That case has returned to the Second Circuit after grant, vacatur, and remand by the Supreme Court, and a new decision is still pending as of the time this Note is being finalized for print. In the short run, the Title 18 approach recasts the offense as embezzlement from a nonconsenting information owner, and it streamlines proof of the elements in criminal insider trading prosecutions. But in the long run, Title 18 can meaningfully insulate insider trading doctrine from the specter of prosecutorial and judicial overreach.
Distinct immune trajectories in patients with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and immune-mediated diseases.

Background Identification of biomarkers associated with immune-mediated diseases in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is an evolving field. Objectives We sought to use a carefully phenotyped cohort to study immune parameters associated with autoimmunity and atopy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome to define biomarkers associated with immune-mediated disease in this syndrome. Methods Chart review validated autoimmune disease and atopic condition diagnoses. Laboratory data were extracted for each subcohort and plotted according to age. A random-effects model was used to define statistical significance. Results CD19, CD4, and CD4/45RA lymphocyte populations were not different from the general cohort for patients with atopic conditions. CD4/45RA T cells were significantly lower in the subjects with immune thrombocytopenia compared with the general cohort, and CD4 T-cell counts were lower in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Conclusions The mechanisms of autoimmunity in cytopenias may be distinct from those of solid-organ autoimmunity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. This study identifies potential biomarkers for risk stratification among commonly obtained laboratory studies.
Emerging topics in dementia care and services

Author(s): Wolff, Jennifer L; Benge, Jared F; Cassel, Christine K; Monin, Joan K; Reuben, David B | Abstract: BackgroundThe National Institute on Aging (NIA), in conjunction with the Department of Health and Human Services as part of the National Alzheimer's Project Act (NAPA), convened a 2020 Dementia Care, Caregiving, and Services Research Summit Virtual Meeting Series. This review article summarizes three areas of emerging science that are likely to grow in importance given advances in measurement, technologies, and diagnostic tests that were presented at the Summit.ResultsDr. Cassel discussed novel ethical considerations that have resulted from scientific advances that have enabled early diagnosis of pre-clinical dementia. Dr. Monin then summarized issues regarding emotional experiences in persons with dementia and their caregivers and care partners, including the protective impact of positive emotion and heterogeneity of differences in emotion by dementia type and individual characteristics that affect emotional processes with disease progression. Finally, Dr. Jared Benge provided an overview of the role of technologies in buffering the impact of cognitive change on real-world functioning and their utility in safety and monitoring of function and treatment adherence, facilitating communication and transportation, and increasing access to specialists in underserved or remote areas.ConclusionsNational policy initiatives, supported by strong advocacy and increased federal investments, have accelerated the pace of scientific inquiry and innovation related to dementia care and services but have raised some new concerns regarding ethics, disparities, and attending to individual needs, capabilities, and preferences.
Improving Students’ Oral Communication Skills Through an Interdisciplinary Problem-Based Learning Opportunity in a Sport Management Course

This study adopted several pedagogical foundations to determine if an interdisciplinary, problem-based learning (PBL) opportunity applied to teaching sport marketing would improve student’ individual and group oral communication skills. Faculty from two departments collaborated to create an assignment that was a hands-on class project designed around formative assessment, lecture intervention, and final PBL deliverable. The PBL and interdisciplinary design addressed the need for enhanced communication skills in the sport management industry. The study results indicate a successful development of the students’ data analysis and presentation skills. Findings confirm an interdisciplinary approach to PBL by implementing communication skill development across disciplines.
Using the Theory of Reasoned Action to examine grandparent and maternal substance use on the cannabis use of children of teen mothers.

Abstract Background Parental cannabis use is associated with increased risks of cannabis use among offspring, yet few studies have explored the mechanisms influencing intergenerational continuity in cannabis use. To understand the mechanism by which intergenerational cannabis use is influenced, this work explores cannabis use across three generations using a family expansion of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). Methods Data come from the Young Women and Child Development Study which began when teen mothers were pregnant and followed mother-child dyads for 17 years (N = 240). Constructs include cannabis use of grandparents, mothers, and teens, and TRA constructs of behavioral and normative beliefs, intention, and behavior. Hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling. Results Grandfather’s cannabis use was significantly linked to mother’s normative beliefs (β = .22, p = .006), but not attitudes (β = .12, p = .182). Teen mothers’ attitude was associated with intention (β = .79, p Discussion Parents play an influential role in the cannabis use behaviors of adolescents. Future work should consider interventions that target both parent and adolescents, increasing knowledge and skills related to parent-child communication, parental monitoring, and positive parental role modeling to reduce intergenerational continuity of cannabis use.
How to Prepare a Poster

Posters offer a critical introduction to scientific research in any field. There are numerous media resources available to help researchers with the technical details needed to create effective poster presentations to communicate their data to their scientific community. This chapter will focus on major principles associated with designing and presenting a poster at a scientific meeting. First, there will be an introduction to the purpose and relative importance of posters in academic settings. Next, the qualities of an effective poster and common pitfalls associated with an ineffective poster will be described. Finally, this chapter will present a systematic approach to preparing and presenting a poster in a scientific setting.
Scaling Function and Wavelet Preconditioners for Second Order Elliptic Problems

Abstract In this paper we present a theoretical framework and numerical comparisons for multilevel solution procedures associated with both scaling functions and wavelets of second order elliptic boundary value problems for a simple class of bounded domains. In particular, we consider a multiwavelet formulation using AFIF elements. The advantage is in the simplicity of the boundary modification, and relatively small masks representing the differential operators, in contrast to other wavelet-based methods. A brief comparison to conventional finite element methodologies is included.
Migration and Remittances

(2005). Migration and Remittances. Problems of Economic Transition: Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 54-83.
ISAR imaging of rotating blades with an UWB radar

ISAR imaging is performed on a 3 bladed rotating target with a low cost UWB Radar. Design constraints and radar parameters are referenced. A difference scheme is introduced to reduce the scattering from indoor clutter. Range-Doppler images are generated and compared between raw data processing and difference data processing. Time-varying target characteristics can be clearly observed from the resulting images.
Introduction to Food Regulation in the United States

This introduction provides a historical background that gives insight into the public policy decisions in food regulation. A general explanation of the US legal system, regu­latory law in general, and the legal basis of food regulation in the United States are included.
Spectra and structure of phosphorus-boron compounds: Part XXII. Infrared and Raman spectra, vibrational assignment and conformational analysis for ethylphosphine-borane

Abstract The infrared (3200-50 cm−1) and Raman (3200-10 cm−1) spectra of CH3CH2PH2BH3, CH3CH2PD2BH3, CH3CH2PH2BD3 and CH3CH2PD2BD3 in the solid phase at 77 K have been recorded. Additionally, the mid-IR spectra of the gaseous phase and the Raman spectra and polarization of the liquid phase at room temperature have been recorded. Both gauche and trans rotational isomers have been observed in the fluid states and the spectra have been interpreted on the basis of Cs molecular symmetry for the more stable trans conformer. Values of ΔH and ΔS for the conformational equilibrium in the liquid phase have been calculated to be 586 cal mol−1 and 3.6 eu, respectively. A vibrational assignment of the 36 normal modes of the four isotopic species of ethylphosphine-borane has been made based on IR band contours, Raman depolarization values and group frequencies. These results are compared to similar quantities for some corresponding molecules.