cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therms-Up!: DIY Inflatables and Interactive Materials by Upcycling Wasted Thermoplastic Bags

We introduce a DIY method of creating inflatables and prototyping interactive materials from wasted thermoplastic bags that easily found at home. We used a inexpensive FFF 3D printer, without any customization of the printer, to heat-seal and patterning different types of mono and multilayered thermoplastic bags. We characterized 8 different types of commonly-used product package’s plastic film which are mostly made of polypropylene and polyethylene, and provided 3D printer settings for re-purposing each material. In addition to heat-sealing, we explored a new design space of using a 3D printer to create embossing, origami creases, and textures on thermoplastic bags, and demonstrate examples of applying this technique to create various materials for rapid design and prototyping. To validate the durability of the inflatables, we evaluated 9 different thermoplastic air pouches’ heat-sealed bonding strength. Lastly, we show use-case scenarios of prototyping products and interface, and creating playful experience at home.
In situ hyridization.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the various protocols that are developed for localizing gene transcripts in both sectioned and whole-mount Xenopus tissue. Because of its wide application, the methods used for in situ hybridization continue to evolve as protocols for hybridizing nucleic acid probes to tissue are refined and improved. Many of these improvements can be incorporated directly into the protocols used for in situ hybridization to frog tissue. Nonetheless, there are several special modifications that are made to the Xenopus protocols which are essential for success, particularly when the technique is applied to oocytes and early embryos. These modifications were introduced to solve the problems that stem from the high yolk content and unusually large size of oocytes, eggs, and cells in early embryos. Another special consideration in applying in situ hybridization to Xenopus is that the density of gene transcripts in oocytes, eggs, or cells in the early embryos is decreased by the displacement of the cytoplasm with yolk granules. This decrease in transcript density effectively reduces the hybridization signal in a situation where the detection of rare transcripts is already at the limit of the technique.
Using Graded Peer Evaluation to Improve Students' Writing Skills, Critical Thinking Ability, and Comprehension of Material in a Principles of Public Relations Course.

This peer-evaluation assignment encouraged students to think critically, synthesize information and write about public relations course material rather than incorporate surface information into written assignments. Because peer reviewers can improve the grades on their final papers by offering concrete suggestions to the original authors, students tended to report that the peer-evaluation process improved their writing skills, critical thinking ability, and their understanding of public relations concepts and theories. This research demonstrates how peer evaluation can be a positive learning exercise that prompts students to develop higher-order cognitive skills and to improve their writing skills while learning discipline-specific course concepts.
On the Expressive Power of CCS

In the context of structured operational semantics, a useful measure of the expressive power of a process algebra \(\mathcal{P}\)is the class of operator specifications definable in \(\mathcal{P}\)up to a given equivalence. Our goal in this study is to characterize this class of operators for CCS up to strong and branching bisimulation. We use our results to motivate modifications to CCS to eliminate awkward constraints on expressiveness. In particular, we present a strong case for adding a checkpointing operator.
Social Support and Positive Health Practices in Black Late Adolescents: The Role of Mediating Variables

This study constructed and tested models using the mediators of resilience and self-efficacy to help explain the relationship between social support and positive health practices (PHPs) in Black la...
Examining the construct of depression in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

Abstract Background and purpose Depression is commonly reported by patients suffering from Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAS). We used the factor structure of the Beck Depression Inventory–2nd edition (BDI-II) to examine the unique contributions of OSAS severity and obesity to depressive symptoms in OSAS. We predicted that the Somatic and Cognitive dimensions of the BDI-II would be more strongly associated with apnea severity and obesity, respectively. Patients and methods Ninety-three moderate to severe OSAS patients (61 men, 32 women) were seen for psychological testing prior to initiating CPAP treatment. They completed the BDI-II and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Measures of apnea severity (RDI, percent of sleep time below 90% oxygen saturation) and BMI were also collected. Results RDI was significantly related to BMI and BDI-II total score, but not to ESS score. BMI was related to BDI-II total score and ESS score. Partial correlations indicated that RDI was independently related to the Somatic dimension on the BDI-II. By contrast, BMI was uniquely associated with the Cognitive dimension. Although there was no difference in depression scores between men and women, the relationship between the Somatic factor and apnea severity was significant in men, whereas obesity and the Cognitive factor were significantly associated in women. Conclusions OSAS severity and obesity contribute differentially to symptoms of depression in OSAS. In addition, symptoms of depression in OSAS manifest differently in men than in women.
Structural characterization of the sulfur-capped triangulo cluster, Cp2W2Fe(CO)7(S)

Abstract Cp 2 W 2 (CO) 4 (W) reacts with Fe 2 (CO) 6 (μ-S 2 ) to give Cp 2 W 2 Fe(CO) 7 (μ 3 -S) ( 1 ) (10%) and Cp 2 W 2 Fe 2 (CO) 8 (μ 3 -S) 2 (5%). Spectral properties, cyclic voltammetry, and the structure of 1 are reported. Cluster 1 is a triangulo cluster [CpW(CO) 2 ] 2 (Fe(CO) 3 )(μ 3 -S), with bond lengths: W-W 3.036(1) A, W-Fe 2.80(2) (avg.) W-S 2.36(1) A, and Fe-S 2.204(7) A. Crystallographic data: a , b , c 16.212(4), 12.657(6), 20.236(8) A; β 113.25(3)°; V 3815(2) A 3 ; Z = 8; ϱ c 2.72 g/cm 3 ; R 1 = 0.070; R 2 = 0.10 on 4060 reflections. A qualitative EHMO scheme is used to rationalize the lack of contraction of the metal-metal bonds which is usually observed when such bonds support bridging sulfide ligands.
Observed velocity fluctuations in monodisperse droplet generators

On-chip monodisperse droplet generation and analysis is ideal for low concentration and single molecule applications because it enables reagents to be partitioned into identical nanoliter or smaller reactor volumes while allowing real-time optical interogation. Typically, these systems operate in a continuous droplet generation mode to maximize sample throughput. We have observed that on-chip droplet production for water-in-oil emulsions causes downstream droplet velocity fluctuations similar to those reported for gas-in-liquid emulsion systems with a periodicity equivalent to the droplet generation rate. This phenomenon can affect the accuracy of data collection due to variation in photon integration times as the moving droplets are observed. Here we perform high speed imaging and frequency domain analysis to describe the periodic velocity fluctuations due to monodisperse droplet generation.
A utility approach to the analytic hierarchy process

Abstract This paper attempts to examine the utility foundation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It identifies the conditions under which the selection of an alternative is consistent with the maximization of an underlying utility function, or more precisely, the conditions under which the AHP-recommended choice corresponds with the solution attained from maximizing the respondent's utility function.
Multipoint moment matching model for multiport distributed interconnect networks

We provide a multipoint moment matching model for multiport distributed interconnect networks. We introduce a new concept: integrated congruence transform which can be applied to the partial differential equations of a distributed line and generate a passive finite order system as its model. Moreover, we also provide an efficient algorithm based on the L/sup 2/ Hilbert space theory so that exact moment matching at multiple points can be obtained.
An automatic seed identification technique for interstitial implants using three isocentric radiographs.

A technique for the automatic reconstruction of the spatial coordinates of seeds in an interstitial implant has been developed. Seed coordinates from three isocentric radiographs, an anterior--posterior film, and an orthogonal pair of films taken at gantry angles of +- 45/sup 0/ from the anterior--posterior direction are digitized and recorded in a random sequence. From this, the three-dimensional coordinates of the seeds in the implant are computed by matching the values of common coordinates along the axis of rotation. This rotate and match technique leads to an accurate and consistent identification and reconstruction of seeds with 90% of them within 2 mm of their actual location. These new computer routines have been added to an existing treatment planning system (AECL TP-11 treatment planning system, version 5A). We present our algorithm and technique along with clinical examples.
How to prepare and deliver a great talk

Giving a talk—for many—is a high-anxiety, high-stakes experience. Though physicians are frequently called upon to give talks to medical and other audiences, formal training in this area is uncommon. Surprisingly little information is written in the medical education literature or discussed during medical training about this critical skill in communication and teaching. When done well, an effective and engaging presentation can be a truly educational and memorable experience for both speakers and audience members. The goal of this contribution is to serve as a succinct primer on how to create and deliver an effective, engaging presentation. Key “pearls” on preparing and organizing the talk, on creating slides, and on optimizing delivery will be reviewed (Table 1). Ultimately, we believe that giving a great presentation is a learnable skill, but one that can only be achieved through ongoing practice and a commitment to selfimprovement. The skills necessary to give effective presentations are invaluable not only for making impactful speeches in the academic setting, but also for enhancing communication with patients and colleagues alike.
Flow visualization studies for optimization of OMVPE reactor design

Abstract Gas flow visualization studies have been performed in a vertical reactor tube incorporating a rotating disk susceptor. Smoke particles of TiO 2 transported in a stream of He gas are illuminated by a sheet of laser light. This technique permits detailed observation of gas flow patterns. To study the influence of the method of gas injection, the gas was injected through (1) a vertical pipe inlet coaxial with the tube, (2) four inlets tangential to the tube and (3) a radial inlet above a porous plug. The method of injection was found to have a critical effect on vortex formation, which is minimized by using the porous plug. Disk rotation can be effective in creating a uniform boundary layer at the disk surface. When the susceptor is heated, the flow is strongly perturbed by thermally induced convection, which can be reduced by lowering the operating pressure.
STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH - STRENGTH CONCRETE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE

The authors have presented a useful overview of the properties of high strength concrete that are of concern to structural engineers and the design profession. They state in their conclusions that "at the material level, high strength concrete is less ductile than normal strength concrete, but at the sectional level for reinforced concrete elements, if the ratio p/ pb is kept constant, the deflection ductility is essentially independent of the strength of concrete. • This conclusion is perhaps a little optimistic and needs some further clarification and caution. An extensive parametric evaluation was conducted by the discussor 3tl using a computerized nonlinear analysis and the same stress-strain curves for concrete (of compressive strength between 5 to 13 ksi) as those used by the authors. Sectional duc-
Mitogenic responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes from pregnant and ovarietomized heifers and their modulation by serum

Lymphocyte-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) were obtained concurrently from a group of gestating heifers at intervals throughout pregnancy and from a group of ovariectomized heifers of the same age. The cells were suspended in media containing either ovariectomized heifer sera or sera from heifers at the homologous stage of pregnancy, and incubated with various concentrations of Concanavalin A (Con A), Pokeweed Mitogen (PWM) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Their mitotic response to the lectins was then assessed by determining [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. The response of PBL from pregnant heifers gradually increased as pregnancy progressed when compared with the response of PBL from ovariectomized heifers. The increased response continued until parturition but was not detectable at two weeks postpartum. This pattern was demonstrated for all three mitogens, although the effect was more pronounced with Con A and PWM and PHA. Sera from mid-trimester pregnant animals suppressed the mitotic response of PBL from both pregnant and ovariectomized heifers. This suppressive effect was not detectable in sera from pregnant animals in early or late stages of pregnancy.
Modeling performance using sensor simulation and image metrics

This paper presents an image-based model for target identification performance. This model is intended as an alternative to existing linear models such as NVThermIP. The image-based model allows arbitrary non-linear image processing to be applied to actual images which are compared using a human perception model. This model simulates an image from a given sensor and compares the simulated image to a reference high-quality image. For a given target set, the imagebased model generates a confusion matrix which is used to calculate the average probability of identification. The perception metric used to compare the images is a multiscale version of the SSIM. The output of the image-based model is reasonably close to the output of the NVThermIP theory when tested on a standard linear sensor system. The output also agrees well with data from a human perception test.
Ultraviolet light-induced yellowing of dental restorative resins.

6. Craig RG: Restorative Dental Materials, ed 6. St. Louis, 1980, The CV Mosby Co. Council on Dental Materials and Devices: Revised American Dental Association specification No. 19 for non-aqueous, elastomeric dental impression materials. J Am Dent Assoc 94:733, 1977. Webber RL, Ryge G: The determination of tear energy of extensible materials of dental interest. J Biomed Mater Res 2:281, 1968. Keck SC, Douglas WH: Tear energy of non-aqueous impression materials. J Dent Res 63:155, 1984. Yeh CL, Powers JM, Craig RG: Properties of addition-type silicone impression materials. J Am Dent Assoc 101:482, 1980.
Synthesis of two rigid diacylglycerol analogues having a bis-butyrolactone skeleton

Abstract The stereoselective synthesis of two rigid diacylglycerol analogues starting from protected D-apio-L-furanose (apiose) is described. The construction of the desired bis-butyrolactone bicyclic structure was accomplished via an intramolecular radical cyclization.
Exploring stakeholder emotional intelligence

Purpose – This research proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the causal factors influencing conflicts that evolve in highly regulated industries. The stakeholder emotional intelligence framework assesses two critical factors – emotional intensity and stakeholder power – that influence how an issue gets defined in the general public and ultimately resolved with policymakers over the lifecycle of the issue.Design/methodology/approach – The framework presented outlines a methodology for assessing conflicts in the alcohol, tobacco, firearms and gambling industries, identifying factors influencing policy outcomes. An important objective of the framework was increasing the understanding of how the key stakeholders in each industry engaged in discourse, particularly when emotional intensity in the industry was high.Findings – The framework indicated that emotional intensity and stakeholder power did impact the level of authentic discourse surrounding policy conflicts in each of the highly regulated ...
Organizational Anomie and Worker Consent

The normative basis of organizational life is often overlooked in contemporary workplace studies. Current models of the workplace more frequently stress forms of workplace control as determinants o...
Zinc Effects on NMDA Receptor Gating Kinetics

Zinc accumulates in the synaptic vesicles of certain glutamatergic forebrain neurons and modulates neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity by multiple poorly understood mechanisms. Zinc directly inhibits NMDA-sensitive glutamate-gated channels by two separate mechanisms: high-affinity binding to N-terminal domains of GluN2A subunits reduces channel open probability, and low-affinity voltage-dependent binding to pore-lining residues blocks the channel. Insight into the high-affinity allosteric effect has been hampered by the receptor's complex gating; multiple, sometimes coupled, modulatory mechanisms; and practical difficulties in avoiding transient block by residual Mg2+. To sidestep these challenges, we examined how nanomolar zinc concentrations changed the gating kinetics of individual block-resistant receptors. We found that block-insensitive channels had lower intrinsic open probabilities but retained high sensitivity to zinc inhibition. Binding of zinc to these receptors resulted in longer closures and shorter openings within bursts of activity but had no effect on interburst intervals. Based on kinetic modeling of these data, we conclude that zinc-bound receptors have higher energy barriers to opening and less stable open states. We tested this model for its ability to predict zinc-dependent changes in macroscopic responses and to infer the impact of nanomolar zinc concentrations on synaptic currents mediated by 2A-type NMDA receptors.
Models for evaluating information updating intervals

Abstract Management scientists studying the decision-making process are in agreement that information and decision making are closely tied together. Unfortunately, improvements in information technology have not included methodologies which capture this interdependence. This paper is concerned with treating this interdependence in an aspect of systems design termed the “information updating interval.” Three evaluation models are presented, along with a special-case model for estimating related probability distributions.
Introduction: Geographies of Fear and Hope

We live in a world of growing fearfulness, one in which interrogating deployments of both fear and of hope become ever more necessary. Fear and hope are powerful emotions that shape human actions i...
Impact of Concurrent Chemoradiation on T Cell Populations in Patients With Advanced-Stage Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

site reactions and fatigue established the 3.0 mg/m dose as most tolerable. Serum biomarkers were consistent with TLR8 activation. Ex vivo analysis of NK cells collected preand post-dose demonstrated enhanced NK cell mobilization and activation. In 8 response-evaluable patients, one partial response, 4 stable disease and 3 disease progression were observed. Results of this ongoing study will be updated. Conclusions: Cetuximab and VTX-2337 in combination is tolerable and active in SCCHN patients. Clinical data and serum biomarkers demonstrating immunostimulation with marked NK cell activation provide rationale for further study in SCCHN. A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial comparing cetuximab + platinum + 5-FU +/VTX-2337 has been initiated. Author Disclosure: L.Q.M. Chow: E. Research Grant; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. K.D. Eaton: None. C. Baik: None. B. Goulart: None. C. Morishima: E. Research Grant; Merck. M.L. Disis: E. Research Grant; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. G. Consultant; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. K. Manjarrez: A. Employee; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. L. Stock Options; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. G. Dietsch: A. Employee; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. L. Stock Options; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. R. Hershberg: A. Employee; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. L. Stock Options; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. Q. Leadership; VentiRx Pharmaceuticals. R.G. Martins: None.
Finding the optimal picture archvingand communciation system(PACS)architecture: A comparison of three PACS designs

Purpose: At present, there are two basic picture archiving and communication system (PACS) architectures: centralized with a central cache and controller, and distributed with a distributed cache and central controller. A third architecture proposed here is an autonomous one with a distributed cache and no controller. This report will investigate the performance (as measured be central processing unit [CPU] and networkload, scalability, and examination retrieval and display latency) of these three types.Methods: The distributed PACS architecture will be simulated using an IM PAX R3.5 (AGFA, Ridgefield Park, NJ) PACS, while the centralized design will be simulated using an IMPAX R4 (AGFA) PACS. The autonomous system will be designed and implementedin-house. The autonomous system consists of two types of entities: basic components such as acquisition gateways, display stations, and long-term archives, and registry servers, which store global state information about the individual PACS components. The key feature of the autonomous system will be the replacement of the central PACS controller by the registry servers. In this scenario the registry servers monitor the interactions between the components, but do not directly govern them. Instead each component will contain the application logic it requires and will use the state information from the registry servers to take the appropriate action, such as routing images, prefetching studies, and expiring images from near line cache. In addition the routing of examinations will be optimized to reduce the duplication of image data. Display stations will be categorized by specialty (neuroradiology, pediatrics, chest, etc) and will retrieve studies for display on demand from intermediate servers dedicated to the corresponding specialty. Studies will be routed only to the intermediate servers and not to display stations.Results: By distributing the application logic, an autonomous PACS architecture can provide increased fault tolerance and therefore increased uptime. In addition, the lack of a central controller and the use of intermediate servers improve the scalability of the system, as well as reduce CPU and network loads.
Impaired Modulation of Hepatic Glucose Output Overnight after a 72-h Fast in Normal Man*

We have previously reported a 25% fall in glucose utilization (Rd) and glucose production (Ra) in normal volunteers during an overnight fast, when glycogenolysis accounts for approximately 70% of hepatic glucose output (HGO). This reduction in Ra and Rd was positively correlated with reductions in glycerol and FFA. To determine if a similar fall in HGO occurs after a prolonged fast when HGO depends solely upon gluconeogenesis, seven normal male volunteers were fasted for 72 h. Glucose kinetics were then assessed overnight using a [3-3H]glucose infusion from 2200-0800 h. Plasma glucose (3.6 +/- 0.1 mM), immunoreactive insulin (2.7 +/- 0.4 mU/L), C-peptide (0.22 +/- 0.03 nmol/l), Rd (1.30 +/- 0.03 mg/kg.min), and Ra (1.28 +/- 0.03 mg/kg.min) were suppressed, and plasma glucagon (98.8 +/- 13.2 pmol/L) was elevated compared to values obtained during the overnight fast, but none of these parameters changed overnight after the 3-day fast. Plasma lactate (0.98 +/- 0.09 mmol/L) and alanine (0.18 +/- 0.03 mmol/L) levels were also unchanged throughout the night. Plasma glycerol (0.14 +/- 0.03 mmol/L) and FFA (0.98 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) were significantly elevated compared to values during the overnight fast, but failed to fall during the study as had been observed during a 14-h fast. We conclude that the modulation of HGO observed during an overnight fast does not occur during prolonged fasting. The lack of nocturnal modulation of HGO when plasma FFA and glycerol levels are fixed at elevated concentrations supports a role of FFA and/or glycerol in the modulation of HGO during an overnight fast.
Immunity to Rhodococcus equi.

Abstract Rhodococcal pneumonia is an important, life threatening disease of foals and immunosuppressed humans. Increased knowledge of the mechanisms of protective immunity are required in order to develop an effective immunoprophylaxis strategy for horses and immunotherapeutic regiments for people. Both humoral and cellular components of the immune system may be involved in immune clearnace of R. equi . The susceptibility of foals less than 4–6 months of age is postulated to reflect waning maternal antibody, and passive transfer of hyperimmune plasma can provide protection on endemic farms. However, effective clearance is likely to require appropriate cellular responses, including the secretion of cytokines. In murine models, both CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes can reduce bacterial counts in the lung. CD4 + cells appear to be both required and sufficient, and IFN-gamma is a primary mediator. Clearance appears to be a type 1 immune response while type 2 responses may lead to a failure to clear and lesion development. It remains to be determined how the cellular immunity experiments reported in mice relate to horses and humans. Likewise, the role of specific R. equi antigens in protective immunity has not been determined.
The Question Of Reliable Knowledge: The Irony And Tragedy Of Positivist Research

(1984). The Question Of Reliable Knowledge: The Irony And Tragedy Of Positivist Research. The Professional Geographer: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 216-218.
Studies in Pacific Rubiaceae: VI-VIII

These studies deal with HawaiianHedyotis andGouldia, and withCoprosma in Juan Fernandez. The speciesCoprosma oliveri is described as new, as isGouldia terminalis (Hook. & Arn.) Hillebr. var.pubistipula, and three forms ofHedyotis acuminata (Cham. & Schlecht.) Steud.
Application of molecular mechanics to the structure of 1,6-anhydropyranoses

Abstract Empirical force-field calculations have been applied to eight 1,6-anhydropyranoses, the crystal structures of which have been studied by single crystal X-ray, or neutron, diffraction analysis. The theoretical calculations reproduce closely the variations in conformation, between 1 C 4 and E 0 , which are observed for the pyranoid rings. The smaller conformational differences in the five-membered anhydro ring are not so well predicted. The calculated CC bond lengths agree with those observed within 1.2 pm. with one exception. The CO bond lengths show a larger deviation, 2.7 pm. The non-hydrogen atom valence angles agree within 1.9°.
Democracy and the Problem of Free Speech

Should state or federal governmental units regulate pornography? Are existing constitutional standards clear enough to create and enforce restrictions on printed materials? In this article the author posits that the federal government should not attempt to curb offensive sexually explicit speech or printed works. However, he argues that the government has the authority to craft regulations addressing narrow issues related to materials combining sex with violence or coercion.
Derivatives of 2,5-anhydroallitol and 2,5-anhydroaltritol☆

Abstract Two routes to protected derivatives of 2,5-anhydroallitol were investigated. The first route, involving a two-step reduction of 2,5-anhydro-6- O -benzoyl-3,4- O -isopropylidene- D -allonitrile (4) , gave a mixture of 2,5-anhydro-6- O -benzoyl-3,4- O -isopropylidene- D -altritol (7) and a lesser amount of the desired 2,5-anhydro-6- O -benzoyl-3,4- O -isopropylidene- D -allitol (6) . Isomerization was shown to occur in the first reduction step—treatment of the nitrile 4 with Raney nickel, sodium hypophosphite, and acetic acid. The second route gave isomerically pure 2,5-anhydro-3,4,6-tri- O -benzyl- D -allitol (21) via reduction of the corresponding ethyl allonate (18) .
Distinguishing androgen receptor agonists and antagonists: distinct mechanisms of activation by medroxyprogesterone acetate and dihydrotestosterone.

Natural and pharmacological androgen receptor (AR) ligands were tested for their ability to induce the AR NH2-terminal and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction in a two-hybrid protein assay to determine whether N/C complex formation distinguishes in vivo AR agonists from antagonists. High-affinity agonists such as dihydrotestosterone, mibolerone, testosterone, and methyltrienolone at concentrations between 0.1 and 1 nm induce the N/C interaction more than 40-fold. The lower affinity anabolic steroids, oxandrolone and fluoxymesterone, require concentrations of 10–100 nm for up to 23-fold induction of the N/C interaction. However no N/C interaction was detected in the presence of the antagonists, hydroxyflutamide, cyproterone acetate, or RU56187, at concentrations up to 1 μm, or with 1μ m estradiol, progesterone, or medroxyprogesterone acetate; each of these steroids at 1–500 nm inhibited the dihydrotestosterone-induced N/C interaction, with medroxyprogesterone acetate being the most effective. In transient ...
Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Tuberculous Pleurisy: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Study

A prospective, double-blind, randomized study of the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of tuberculous pleurisy was performed in 40 patients. All patients received adequate antituberculosis chemotherapy (isoniazid, 300 mg/day; rifampin, 450 mg/day; ethambutol, 20 mg/kg/day) for more than nine months. They were randomly assigned to take prednisolone 0.75 mg/kg/day orally or placebo for the initial treatment, which was tapered gradually for the next two to three months. Twenty-one were treated with steroids and 19 were given a placebo. The two groups were identical with regard to age, sex, duration from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, and initial amount of pleural effusion. The mean duration from symptoms (fever, chest pain, dyspnea) to relief was 2.4 days in the steroid-treated group, and 9.2 days in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). Complete reabsorption of pleural effusion occurred an average of 54.5 days in the steroid-treated group and 123.2 days in the placebo group (p less than 0.01). The development of residual pleural thickening was not influenced by the administration of corticosteroids. No serious side effects were noted during the treatment in either group. We conclude that the administration of corticosteroids, in conjunction with antituberculosis chemotherapy, will resolve the clinical symptoms more quickly and hasten the absorption of pleural effusion in patients with tuberculous pleurisy.
Magnetization reversal dynamics in the media of magneto‐optical recording

Domain wall dynamics in thin films of amorphous rare‐earth–transition‐metal alloys are investigated using numerical integration of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation. A two‐dimensional square lattice of dipoles with nearest‐neighbor exchange interaction and random axis anisotropy is simulated and the structure of domain walls (with and without Bloch lines) is determined. The motion of domain walls under applied fields is then considered and the effects of random spatial variations of magnetic parameters upon wall mobility are discussed.
Work schedule, work schedule control and satisfaction in relation to work‐family conflict, work‐family synergy, and domain satisfaction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of work schedules on work‐family conflict and synergy using the job demands‐resources (JD‐R) and conservation of resources models. The impact of resources including supervisor support, work schedule control and satisfaction, as well as the moderating effects of work schedules on conflict (synergy) and domain satisfaction are examined.Design/methodology/approach – This quantitative study examined responses from organizationally‐employed respondents (n=2,810) from the 2002 National Study of the Changing Workforce using MANOVA and multiple regressions.Findings – Work schedules were significantly related to work‐interfering with family (WIF) and work‐family synergy (W‐FS) but not for family interfering with work (FIW). Perceived supervisory support was significantly related to employee work schedule control and work schedule satisfaction. Perceived control of work schedule and work schedule satisfaction were significantly related to work‐family conf...
Interaction of fastigial pressor response and depressor response to nasal perfusion

Abstract The fastigial nucleus pressor response (FPR) and the nasal-perfusion diving response were elicited alone and simultaneously to observe the net effect on cardiovascular variables. The fastigial nucleus was electrically stimulated in 14-chloralose-urethane anesthetized dogs and the FPR was characterized by a transient tachycardia with sustained elevations in arterial pressure, left ventricular pressure and maximal dP/dt. The tachycardia was buffered by baroreceptor reflexes during the elevated arterial pressure of the FPR. All variables of the FPR, however, were reduced by superimposition of the diving response upon the FPR. Heart rate was most sensitive to depression by the nasal perfusion which elicited a bradycardia as much as 70 beats/min below the control rate. The nasal-evoked diving response was discussed with respect to the trigeminal depressor response which results from direct stimulation of the spinal trigeminal complex. Algebraic cancellation of the FPR and dive responses is considered along with anatomical and electrophysiological evidence which suggests that these two responses, as well as the baroreceptor reflex, could be integrated at a common site. This site may be the medullary nucleus of the solitary tract which receives projections from trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves and from the fastigial nucleus.
NONSPECIFICITY OF THE MECHANISM THAT ELICITS MYOCARDIAL NECROSES IN HUMORALLY CONDITIONED RATS

Following pretreatment with 2-methyl-9(α)-chlorocortisol and NaH2PO4, massive, multiple myocardial necroses can be precipitated by a variety of stressor agents; hence, this eliciting mechanism is considered to be largely nonspecific. A brief period of neuromuscular effort regularly precipitates multiple myocardial necroses in rats pretreated with small doses of 2-methyl-9(a)-chlorocortisol (Me-Cl- COL) and an excess of NaH PO.t (1). We wished to determine whether such infarct-like foci can also be elicited by other stressors in suitably pretreated rats. One hundred and forty female Sprague-Dawley rats, with a mean initial body weight of 96 gm. (range: 90–108 gm.), were subdivided into 14 equal groups (Table 1). The rats of all groups were conditioned by treatment during five days withMe-Cl- COL (microcrystals of the acetate at the daily dose of 50 μg. in 0.2 ml. of water, subcutaneously) and NaH2PO4 (15% aqueous solution, 2 ml., twice daily, by stomach tube).
Effect of sputtering sequence on the properties of Ag-Cu-In-Ga metal precursors and reacted (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se 2 films

The addition of Ag to Cu-Ga-In precursors for reaction to form (AgCu)(InGa)Se 2 has shown benefits including improved adhesion, greater process tolerance and potential for improved device performance. In this study, sequential layer sputtering of Ag-Ga, Cu-Ga, and In targets with different layer sequences is characterized. Ag/(Cu+Ag) and (Ag+Cu)/(Ga+In) ratios were fixed at 0.25 and 0.9, respectively. The most uniform morphology is achieved in Ag-Ga/Cu-In-Ga co-sputtered precursors. No metallic In phase was found in this case, and only the Ag(In,Ga) 2 phase was detected. Varying the sputtering sequence for stacked layers results in dissimilar morphologies and structural phases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal that the Ag-Ga and In layers intermix when they are in contact, forming a Ag(In,Ga) 2 phase. Incorporating a Cu-Ga layer between the Ag-Ga and In layers prevents the formation of such a phase. Finally, solar cells fabricated from the Cu-Ga/In/Ag-Ga metal precursor sequence showed the highest overall performance.
Role of bond-strain in the chemistry of hydrogen on the Si(100) surface

Abstract A scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) study of the chemistry of hydrogen on the Si(100) surface is presented. The structure and stability of the hydrogenated 2 × 1, 3 × 1 and 1 × 1 surfaces are studied. The 2 × 1 and 3 × 1 surfaces are shown to be well ordered and stable in the presence of atomic hydrogen under their respective formation conditions. In contrast, the 1 × 1 structure is poorly ordered and susceptible to spontaneous etching by hydrogen atoms. No uniform 1 × 1 dihydride phase was observed under any conditions. The existence of this intermediate 3 × 1 phase and the susceptibility of the 1 × 1 structure to etching are both shown to be due to the strain associated with the dihydride units on the 1 × 1 surface. The repulsive steric interaction between dihydride units on this surface weakens the Si-H bonds and stabilizes the 3 × 1 surface observed at 400 K. The Si-Si backbonds of these dihydride units are also strained, resulting in a lower barrier to reaction which is responsible for the etching observed on the 1 × 1 surface.
Peritoneo-Venous Shunting in Patients With Cirrhotic Ascites and End-Stage Renal Failure

End-stage renal failure supervened in two cirrhotic patients with ascites, necessitating maintenance hemodialysis therapy. One patient had a functioning LeVeen peritoneo-jugular shunt (Becton-Dickinson, Rutherford, NJ) in place at the time that hemodialysis was initiated. In the other patient, a LeVeen shunt was inserted 8 months after beginning hemodialysis, after extracorporeal ultrafiltration had failed to resolve his ascites. Both patients achieved control of their ascites and enjoyed relatively long survival. Our results suggest that, in patients with cirrhotic ascites who develop end-stage renal failure, successful long-term management can be obtained using a combination of peritoneo-venous shunting and maintenance hemodialysis.
Effects of content of verbal aggression on future verbal aggression: A field experiment

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of expression of verbal aggression on subsequent verbal aggression of angered and nonangered subjects. Subjects who were being laid off their jobs (angry subjects), and subjects who were leaving their jobs for “other reasons” (nonangry subjects), were induced to aggress verbally against the company, their supervisor, themselves, or to discuss neutral topics. In a factorial design, the subjects then filled out one of three “aggression” questionnaires: one concerned the company; another, their supervisors; and the third, themselves. The results indicated that when angered subjects directed verbal aggression at a specific target, their subsequent verbal aggression increased only when it was directed at the same target. However, self-criticism by angered subjects decreased subsequent self-derogation.
Facial translocation for cranial base surgery.

The complexity of cranial base surgery is a reflection of skull base anatomy as well as technical demands for maximum visualization, control of essential structures, adequate tumor resection and/or reconstruction. Facial translocation has been developed as a new approach to cranial base. It consists of extensive modular facial disassembly which includes displacement of composite facial soft tissue flap and craniofacial skeleton. It creates surgical field with epicenter in nasopharynx and infratemporal fossa allowing easy expansion into sphenoid bone and cranial fossae as well as craniovertebral junction. Recon-struction is functional and esthetic. Versatility of this approach permits expansion into neighboring craniofacial regions. During a 14-month period (11/88-12/89), this facial translocation approach to cranial base was utilized in 20 patients. The approach provided excellent visualization of the involved cranial base permitting oncological as well as reconstructive procedures. All patients healed primarily. Two patients were reoperated on at 4 and 6 months postoperatively; one for a bone graft infection and the other for tumor recurrence. The facial translocation approach offers favorable exposure of the critical zones of cranial base resulting in increased surgical safety and benefit of cranial base surgery.
Tensions and Concessions: The Empirical Confirmation of Belief Systems About Soviet Behavior

the need for relatedness. He supports this recommendation by citing "the widespread feelings of isolation, abandonment and consequent demoralization likely to develop when there are millions of small, scattered shelter units," and "the stronger feelings of security and support in large groups."14 The strength of family ties is, of course, a positive and important factor in any crisis but, in a nuclear age, this factor may not be sufficient. Interfamily communication and helpfulness may become more essential than ever before. The value of mutual aid is not fully appreciated by the public in periods of stability but this lack of insight may be rectified if the crisis deepens. Quite possibly the hypothetical projection of the future deliberately selected in the foregoing analysis will never become reality. It does seem reasonable, however, to expect crises to continue and tensions to fluctuate accordingly. As a recent report on emergency planning puts it:
The Frequency Dependence of Critical-Velocity Behavior in the Oscillatory Flow of Superfluid 4He Through a 2 × 2-μm Aperture in a Thin Foil

The critical-velocity behavior of oscillatory superfluid 4He flow through a 2 × 2-μm aperture in a 0.1-μm-thick metal foil has been studied from 0.36 to 2.10 K at frequencies from less than 50 Hz up to above 1880 Hz. The pressure remained less than 0.5 bar. In early runs during which the frequency remained below 400 Hz, the critical velocity was a nearly-linearly decreasing function of increasing temperature throughout the region of temperature studied. In runs at the lowest frequencies, isolated 2π phase slips could be observed at the onset of dissipation. In runs with frequencies higher than 400 Hz, downward curvature was observed in the decrease of critical velocity with increasing temperature. In addition, above 500 Hz an alteration in supercritical behavior was seen at the lower temperatures, involving the appearance of large-energy-loss events. These irregular events typically lasted a few tens of half-cycles of oscillation and could involve hundreds of times more energy loss than would have occurred in a single complete 2π phase slip at maximum flow. The temperatures at which this altered behavior was observed rose with frequency, from ~ 0.6 K and below at 500 Hz, to ~ 1.0 K and below at 1880 Hz.
Terrestrial spreading centers under Venus conditions: evaluation of a crustal spreading model for Western Aphrodite Terra

Abstract Assessment of terrestrial spreading centers under Venus environmental conditions indicates that the major difference between Earth and Venus would be the influence of the enhanced surface temperature on upper mantle temperatures on Venus and the resulting increase in crustal thickness and elevation of isostatically compensated topography. Crust on Venus produced at average spreading centers would be about 15 km thick, in contrast to the average crustal thickness on Earth of about 5 km. We have used this model and the Pioneer Venus altimetry and gravity data to test the hypothesis of Head and Crumpler (1987) [6] that Western Aphrodite Terra represents the location of crustal spreading on Venus. The topographic data are processed such that all points within equally spaced 100 km wide bins parallel to the proposed axis are stacked together and the average value of topography in each bin is calculated providing average profiles out to a distance of 2000 km on either side of the axis. The topography is shown to be very symmetric about the axis with data points less than 1000 km from the axis providing a fit to thermal boundary layer topography comparable to that seen in spreading centers on Earth. At 1000 km on either side of the axis, steep topographic slopes exist; this change in topography could be explained by variations of about 15 km in crustal thickness with the crust being thicker in the central domain, by a ridge jump, or by mechanisms unrelated to crustal spreading. For processing line-of-sight (LOS) acceleration data, we first show that static and dynamic calculations give the same results for track numbers 427–449. This allows us to determine a synthetic orbit track parallel to the cross-strike dis-continuities (CSD's) and to compare it with observed LOS accelerations. Gravity data for this domain were then processed in a manner similar to that for topography. Models give a reasonable fit to the data for half-spreading rates between 0.3 and 0.5 cm/yr. We conclude that a spreading center model for Ovda Regio could account for the observed topography and LOS gravity anomalies if it had the following characteristics: a central domain with a 30 km thick crust that has been spreading at about 0.5 cm/yr for the last 200 Myr over a mantle whose temperature is about 1600°C. At about 200 Myr ago a change in upper mantle temperature of about 100°C is required; prior to this time, the decreased upper mantle temperature would have produced a thinner crust averaging about 15 km at the spreading center. This thinner crust would now lie on the flanks of Ovda Regio at distances greater than 1000 km from the spreading center, and would be in excess of 200 Myr old. On the basis of our analysis, we conclude that the hypothesis that Ovda Regio in Western Aphrodite Terra is the site of crustal spreading on Venus is consistent with the topography and gravity data.
Pediatric Heel Pain

Heel pain is a common complaint among young children and adolescents. It has many causes, including trauma, overuse injuries, and tumors, and therefore a thorough clinical examination is warranted. This article outlines some common causes of pediatric heel pain.
Towards seamless integration of digital archives with source systems (Part 1)

The ingest of records and their metadata from electronic records management applications has been a crucial topic for archives in the last decades. Due to the growing amount of records created, new ways need to be found to make the process faster, more efficient and at the same time provide sufficient quality and discoverability for the future users. This paper introduces a solution from the National Archives of Estonia which aims to automate the task of reusing records management metadata for archival purposes. The principles and tools developed rely on an automated metadata mapping solution which allows standardizing different metadata sets used in agencies into the central metadata model applied in the digital repository. The paper presents practical experiences and problems of such a model. These are additionally discussed in Part 2 of the current paper.