cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genus-one stable maps, local equations, and Vakil-Zinger's desingularization

We describe an algebro-geometric approach to Vakil–Zinger’s desingularization of the main component of the moduli of genus one stable maps to \({\mathbb{P}^{n}}\) (Vakil and Zinger in Res Announc Am Math Soc 13:53–59, 2007; Geom Topol 12(1):1–95, 2008). Our approach is based on understanding the local structure of this moduli space; it also gives a partial desingularization of the entire moduli space. The results proved should extend to higher genera.
Calculation of the expansion rate of the three-volume measure in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

Abstract In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions the local three-volume measure is expanding in the longitudinal and transverse directions. This is similar to the Hubble-expansion of the universe, except that the former is not locally isotropic. As an example the expansion rate is calculated assuming that the energy-momentum tensor in the central region is that of an ideal fluid, undergoing Bjorken flow in longitudinal direction, and with initial conditions as expected for BNL-RHIC energy. While the longitudinal expansion of three-volume is independent of the energy density of the fluid, in case of 3+1 dimensional expansion the form of the hydrodynamical solution (rarefaction wave or deflagration shock) affects the three-volume expansion rate on the hadronization hypersurface. As a consequence the average expansion rate on that surface depends on the transverse size of the system. This may reflect in an impact-parameter dependence of the formation probability of light nuclei and of the freeze-out temperature of the strong interactions in the system.
Development of a straw tube chamber with pickup-pad readout

Abstract We have developed a straw tube chamber with pickup-pad readout. The mechanism for signal pickup, the size of the pickup signal, and the distribution of signals among neighboring pads are discussed. We have tested a prototype chamber in a beam test at Brookhaven National Laboratory and have measured chamber efficiencies in excess of 99%.
Geometrical and Electronic Structure of the Pt7 Cluster: A Density Functional Study

We present a study on the structural and electronic properties of the Pt7 cluster by using density functional theory within the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange and correlation. The structures, relative stabilities, and vibrational frequencies of various isomers are calculated and compared with the well-studied Au7 cluster. The ground state of the Pt7 cluster favors a three-dimensional geometrytwo-dimensional local minima are not locatedwhereas for its neighbor, gold heptamer, a two-dimensional geometry is favored. The most stable isomer of Au7 is found to be an edge-capped rhombus structure and an edge-capped tetrahedron structure is found to be the most stable three-dimensional local minimum. The ground state of the Pt7 cluster is found to be a coupled tetragonal pyramid structure with the quintet state in contrast to a pentagonal bipyramid structure obtained by semiempirical molecular dynamics calculation. The natural orbital analysis shows that the overall charge transfer is from 6s...
Pattern selection and instability in nonlinear wave equation-an aspect of soliton and chaos

Pattern selection problems are found in a variety of phenomena. Fluid dynamical systems and nonlinear diffusion phenomena give typical examples of pattern formation problems in dissipative systems. In some cases the dissipation reduces the effective dimension of the system, and this fact leads to several strikingly universal behaviors which were initially found in simple model systems with a few degrees of freedom. Nonlinear wave equations themselves, however, describes systems without dissipation in which the situation is more complicated. In spite of this complexity, many completely integrable systems are known in nonlinear wave equations, where neither ergodicity nor chaos is expected. With addition of small perturbation to completely integrable systems, one can see the growth of instability and the role of coherent structures in the pattern selection problem. Two aspects are briefly discussed in the following sections.
Evidence of significant covalent bonding in Au(CN)(2)(

The Au(CN)2− ion is the most stable Au compound known for centuries, yet a detailed understanding of its chemical bonding is still lacking. Here we report direct experimental evidence of significant covalent bonding character in the Au−C bonds in Au(CN)2− using photoelectron spectroscopy and comparisons with its lighter congeners, Ag(CN)2− and Cu(CN)2−. Vibrational progressions in the Au−C stretching mode were observed for all detachment transitions for Au(CN)2−, in contrast to the atomic-like transitions for Cu(CN)2−, revealing the Au−C covalent bonding character. In addition, rich electronic structural information was obtained for Au(CN)2− by employing 118 nm detachment photons. Density functional theory and high-level ab initio calculations were carried out to understand the photoelectron spectra and obtain insight into the nature of the chemical bonding in the M(CN)2− complexes. Significant covalent character in the Au−C bonding due to the strong relativistic effects was revealed in Au(CN)2−, consiste...
Deterministic Micro Asperities on Bearings and Seals Using a Modified LIGA Process

Deterministic micro asperities show potential for enhancement of lubrication in conformal contacts as found in many bearing and seal designs. Several manufacturing methods have been proposed for deterministic micro asperities. Of these, laser texturing has emerged as the most viable option. This paper proposes the LIGA MEMs manufacturing method as an alternative. Using LIGA, surfaces with patterned micron sized surface features of arbitrary cross section (cylindrical, hex, triangular, etc.) can be fabricated from electroplated nickel, gel-cast silicon nitride, or plastic. The resulting asperities can be positive (protuberances) or negative (recesses) and can have heights (depths) from 1-1000 microns and be patterned over surface areas up to about 150 mm X150 mm. In this paper, the LIGA method is used to fabricate a sample thrust bearing surface with a hexagonal array of positive asperities. The resulting asperities are 550 μm in average diameter, 165 μm in edge-to-edge spacing and have heights of 3-100 μm. Surface metrology indicates submicron accuracy of form and 13 nm Ra roughness on the asperity tops (land). Tribology testing in a nonpressurized oil bath indicates full film conditions and shows a 14-22% reduction in friction coefficient for a thrust surface covered with the micro asperities. A model confirms the experimental trends and indicates the potential to further reduce the friction coefficient by about 60% through optimization of the asperity geometry and layout.
(Cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonylmethyliron ((η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2CH3, FpMe), a Seminal Transition-Metal Alkyl Complex: Mobility of the Methyl Group†

A review is presented of the chemistry of (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)2CH3 (1), with emphasis upon reactions in which the Fe−methyl bond is broken, e.g. insertions, eliminations, and migrations, including the capacity of 1 to be a useful catalyst.
Transchromatic twisted character maps

In this paper we construct a refinement of the transchromatic generalized character maps by taking into account the torus action on the inertia groupoid (also known as the Fix functor). The relationship between this construction and the geometry of p-divisible groups is made precise.
Electronic conduction in oxides at elevated temperatures

Abstract A brief discussion of the defect models and experimental techniques used to characterize the electrical conductivity of insulating and semiconducting oxides are presented. Emphasis is on the electronic conduction at elevated temperatures, where the oxide may be equilibrated with the ambient atmosphere. Where appropriate, typical examples of oxides are selected to emphasize (1) how information about defect structures and transport properties of the defects in oxides may be obtained from a combined analysis of different types of experimental data, and (2) some of the experimental and theoretical problems which are limiting our understanding of the electronic conductivity of insulating and semiconducting oxides and their application to technology.
Optical-Field-Induced Birefringence and Freedericksz Transition in a Nematic Liquid Crystal

Optical-field-induced birefringence in nematic 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl was measured with cw pump and probe beams, and the optical-field-induced Freedericksz transition was observed for the first time. The results are in quantitative agreement with the theoretical prediction.
Eigenvalue dynamics and the matrix chain

We introduce a general method for transforming the equations of motion following from a Das-Jevicki-Sakita Hamiltonian, with boundary conditions, into a boundary value problem in one-dimensional quantum mechanics. For the particular case of a one-dimensional chain of interacting N∗ x N hermitian matrices, the corresponding large N boundary value problem is mapped into a linear Fredholm equation with Hilbert-Schmidt-type kernel. The equivalence of this kernel, in special cases, to a second-order differential operator allows us recover all previously known explicit solutions for the matrix eigenvalues. In the general case, the distribution of eigenvalues is formally derived through a series of saddle-point approximations. The critical behaviour of the system, including a previously observed Kosterlitz-Thouless transition, is interpreted in terms of the stationary points. In particular we show that a previously conjectured infinite series of sub-leading critical points are due to expansion about unstable stationary points and consequently not realized.
Optimality of Orthogonal Access for One-Dimensional Convex Cellular Networks

It is shown that a greedy orthogonal access scheme achieves the sum degrees of freedom (DoF) of all one-dimensional (all nodes placed along a straight line) convex cellular networks (where cells are convex regions) when no channel knowledge is available at the transmitters except the knowledge of the network topology. In general, optimality of orthogonal access holds neither for two-dimensional convex cellular networks nor for one-dimensional non-convex cellular networks, thus revealing a fundamental limitation that arises when both one-dimensional and convex properties are simultaneously enforced. The result also establishes the sum capacity of the corresponding class of index coding problems.
Symbolic and Structural Representation of Melodic Expression

Abstract A method for expressive melody synthesis is presented seeking to capture the structural and prosodic (stress, direction, and grouping) elements of musical interpretation. The interpretation of melody is represented through a hierarchical structural decomposition and a note-level prosodic annotation. An audio performance of the melody is constructed using the time-evolving frequency and intensity functions. A method is presented that transforms the expressive annotation into the frequency and intensity functions, thus giving the audio performance. In this framework, the problem of expressive rendering is cast as an estimation of structural decomposition and the prosodic annotation. Examples are presented on a dataset of around 50 folk-like melodies, realized both from hand-marked and estimated annotations.
On the Spectral Skewness of a Narrow-Band Gaussian Process

This correspondence discusses techniques for estimating the spectral skewness of the baseband spectrum of the complex envelope of a narrow-band Gaussian process from its undistorted and distorted (by memoryless nonlinear devices) in-phase and quadrature components. Some applications of the spectral skewness in communication theory are also mentioned.
A dynamic migration model with uncertainty.

We study a dynamic version of the Harris-Todaro migration model where a finite population of infinitely-lived Bayesian agents choose consumption and migration decision rules as a function of their histories. The agents do not know the production functions in the two sectors and learn about them through wage draws that they receive from the stochastic production functions. The government knows the true production functions but is uninformed about the agents' beliefs, and the actual wage draws they observe. The government maximizes its welfare function using wage subsidies in the two sectors, and a migration tax. We solve the agents' dynamic programming problem, and then use the solution to solve the government's dynamic programming problem. We study the effects of government policies on the population distribution, and illustrate the model by numerically solving a particular parametric example.
Olefinic ester and diene ring-closing metathesis using a reduced titanium alkylidene.

This manuscript describes the use of a reduced titanium ethylidene reagent in olefinic ester cyclization reactions and diene RCM reactions.
On the absence of localized curvature in the weak coupling phase of quantum gravity

Abstract In the weak field expansion of euclidean quantum gravity, an analysis of the Wilson loops in terms of the gauge group, SO(4), shows that the correspondent statistical system does not develop any configuration with localized curvature at low temperature. Such a “non-local” behavior contrasts strongly with that of usual gauge fields. We point out a possible relation between this result and those of the numerical simulations of quantum Regge Calculus. We also give a general quantum formula for the static potential energy of the gravitational interaction of two masses, which is compatible with the mentioned vacuum structure.
Measuring dark energy spatial inhomogeneity with supernova data

The gravitational lensing distortion of distant sources by the matter in the Universe has been extensively studied. In contrast, very little is known about the effects due to the large-scale distribution of dark energy. We discuss the use of Type Ia supernovae as probes of the spatial inhomogeneity and anisotropy of dark energy. We show that a shallow, almost all-sky survey can limit rms dark energy fluctuations at the horizon scale down to ~ 10−3 of the energy density.
Coherence retention during rotationally inelastic collisions of selectively excited diatomic sulfur

Abstract Hanle effect broadening rates have been measured for selectively excited S 2 (B 3 Σ − u , υ′ = 4, N ′ = 40, J ′ = 41) with a variety of collision partners. In the cases of N 2 and the rare gases, a comparison with previously determined rotational and vibrational energy transfer rates shows that coherence is retained throughout transfer collisions. This is confirmed by direct observation of the Hanle effect in nearby rotational levels populated by collision, using a monochromator to disperse the fluorescence. These results indicate that collisions which change the magnitude of the rotational angular momentum (even by several quanta) do not severely alter its orientation.
Polymorphism in binary rare-earth metal germanides. Synthesis, structure and properties of the new hexagonal forms of Tb3Ge5 and Dy3Ge5

Abstract Reported are the synthesis, crystal structure determination and magnetic properties of new polymorphic forms of the rare-earth metal germanides Tb3Ge5 and Dy3Ge5. Both compounds are isostructural and crystallize with the hexagonal space group P 6 ¯ 2 c (No. 190, Z = 2) with unit-cell parameters a = 6.861(2) A; c = 8.339(6) A for Tb3Ge5 and a = 6.8387(10) A; c = 8.293(2) A for Dy3Ge5, respectively. The structures are derivatives of the ubiquitous AlB2 type and can be regarded as its 6-fold superstructure (a′ = a × 31/2 and c′ = c × 2), arising from the long range ordering of Ge vacancies. They are therefore best described as flat Ge-layers, stacked in a hexagonal close-packed manner along the crystallographic c-axis, which are separated by layers of rare-earth metal atoms. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal that both Tb3Ge5 and Dy3Ge5 exhibit antiferromagnetic order at temperatures below 23 K and 9 K, respectively.
Real-time detection of optical transients with RAPTOR

Fast variability of optical objects is an interesting though poorly explored subject in modern astronomy. Real-time data processing and identification of transient, celestial events in the images is very important, for such study as it allows rapid follow-up with more sensitive instruments, We discuss an approach which we have chosen for the RAPTOR project which is a pioneering close-loop system combining real-time transient detection with rapid follow-up. Our data processing pipeline is able to identify and localize an optical transient within seconds after the observation. We describe the challenges we met, solutions we found and some results obtained in our search for fast optical transients. The software pipeline we have developed for RAPTOR can easily be applied to the data from other experiments.
Meta‐Regression Methods for Detecting and Estimating Empirical Effects in the Presence of Publication Selection*

This study investigates the small‐sample performance of meta‐regression methods for detecting and estimating genuine empirical effects in research literatures tainted by publication selection. Publication selection exists when editors, reviewers or researchers have a preference for statistically significant results. Meta‐regression methods are found to be robust against publication selection. Even if a literature is dominated by large and unknown misspecification biases, precision‐effect testing and joint precision‐effect and meta‐significance testing can provide viable strategies for detecting genuine empirical effects. Publication biases are greatly reduced by combining two biased estimates, the estimated meta‐regression coefficient on precision (1/Se) and the unadjusted‐average effect.
The convergence of the Kohn variational method

Abstract A theorem about the convergence of the Kohn variational method in the case of s -wave single-particle scattering in a well-behaved potential is proved. We show that, provided we use enough expansion functions, the estimated value of the phase shift can be made as near as we please to the correct result for all E within a range ( a, b ) except for a set whose measure will approach zero. The expansion functions χi used must form a core, which means that the two sets of all finite linear combinations of ( T ± i ) χi must each be dense, where T is the kinetic energy operator.
A novel excitonic mechanism for high temperature superconductivity

Abstract We propose a novel mechanism for superconductivity, based on intra and interband Cu⇔O charge transfer excitations in oxide superconductors. The dynamic polarizability of the environment surrounding CuO2 planes plays an important role in enhancing Tc. The “sandwich” structure in which CuO2 planes are separated by a highly polarizable medium is ideally suited for this mechanism. Our proposal is consistent with a variety of available data, and suggests several new experimental directions.
Two-state free Brownian motions

In a two-state free probability space (A,φ,ψ), we define an algebraic two-state free Brownian motion to be a process with two-state freely independent increments whose two-state free cumulant generating function Rφ,ψ(z) is quadratic. Note that a priori, the distribution of the process with respect to the second state ψ is arbitrary. We show, however, that if A is a von Neumann algebra, the states φ, ψ are normal, and φ is faithful, then there is only a one-parameter family of such processes. Moreover, with the exception of the actual free Brownian motion (corresponding to φ=ψ), these processes only exist for finite time.
A Tale of Two Teachers: Learning to Teach Over Time.

By contrasting the experiences of two new teachers, the author identifies key factors that make the difference between failure and success in the profession.
Measurement of a Recirculating, Two-Dimensional, Turbulent Flow and Comparison to Turbulence Model Predictions. II: Transient Case

Mesure par anemometrie laser Doppler du champ de vitesse moyenne, de l'energie cinetique turbulente et des contraintes de Reynolds. Comparaison aux simulations numeriques a l'aide des modeles de turbulence a deux equations K-e et K-σ
Gas-Phase Production of NHD2 in L134N

We show analytically that large abundances of NH2D and NHD2 can be produced by gas-phase chemistry in the interiors of cold dense clouds. The calculated fractionation ratios are in good agreement with the values that have been previously determined in L134N and suggest that triply deuterated ammonia could be detectable in dark clouds. Grain-surface reactions may lead to similar NH2D and NHD2 enhancements but, we argue, are unlikely to contribute to the deuteration observed in L134N.
AGES AND METALLICITIES OF EARLY-TYPE VOID GALAXIES FROM LINE STRENGTH MEASUREMENTS

We present spectroscopic observations of 26 galaxies of type E and S0, based on their blue morphologies, located in voids by the study of Grogin and Geller in 1999. Measurements of redshift, velocity dispersion, and four Lick line indices, Mg{sub b}, Fe5270, Fe5335, and H{beta} with their errors are given for all of these galaxies, along with H{beta}, [O III], H{alpha}, and [N II] emission line strengths for a subset of these objects. These sources are brighter than M* for low-density regions and tend to be bluer than their counterpart early-type objects in high-density regions. Using the models of Thomas et al., developed in 2003, gives metal abundances and ages with a median {alpha} enhancement, [{alpha}/Fe] = +0.13, and median metal abundance, [Z/H] = +0.22, values comparable to those found for E and S0 galaxies in clusters, but with a wider spread in [Z/H] toward low values. If the emission line subsample is interpreted as younger, the proportion of young objects is higher than for early types in higher-density regions. There is a significant incidence of sources in the sample with emission lines in their spectra (46% with H{beta} and [O III] and 69% with H{alpha} or [N II]) asmore » well as shells and rings in their morphologies (19%). The diagnostic log [N ii]/H{alpha}, log [O iii]/H{beta} diagram places 10 of 12 emission line galaxies in or near the star-forming and liner region and two among the Seyferts. The H{alpha} fluxes indicate star-formation rates of 0.2-1.0 M{sub sun} yr{sup -1}. The percentage of these early-type void galaxies undergoing star formation appears to be higher compared to their cluster counterparts and the range of ages wider.« less
Dividends, Share Repurchases, and Tax Clienteles: Evidence from the 2003 Reductions in Shareholder Taxes

ABSTRACT: This study jointly evaluates firm-level changes in investor composition and shareholder distributions following a 2003 reduction in the dividend and capital gains tax rates for individuals. We find that directors and officers, but not other individual investors, rebalanced their portfolios to maximize after-tax returns in light of the new tax rules. We also find that firms adjusted their distribution policy (specifically, dividends versus share repurchases) in a manner consistent with the altered tax incentives for individual investors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ simultaneous equations to estimate both shareholder and managerial responses to the 2003 rate reductions. We find that the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimates are substantially stronger than OLS estimates, consistent with our expectation that investor and manager responses are simultaneously determined. Failure to estimate systems of equations may account for some of the weak and conflicting results fr...
Discovery of a relationship between spiral arm morphology and supermassive black hole mass in disk galaxies

We present a relationship between spiral arm pitch angle (a measure of the tightness of spiral structure) and the mass of supermassive black holes (BHs) in the nuclei of disk galaxies. We argue that this relationship is expected through a combination of other relationships, whose existence has already been demonstrated. The recent discovery of AGN in bulgeless disk galaxies suggests that halo concentration or virial mass may be one of the determining factors in BH mass. Taken together with the result that mass concentration seems to determine spiral arm pitch angle, one would expect a relation to exist between spiral arm pitch angle and supermassive BH mass in disk galaxies, and we find that this is indeed the case. We conclude that this relationship may be important for estimating evolution in BH masses in disk galaxies out to intermediate redshifts, since regular spiral arm structure can be seen in galaxies out to z 1.
Non-Universal Pairing Symmetry and Pseudogap Phenomena in Hole- and Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors

Experimental studies of the pairing state of cuprate superconductors reveal asymmetric behaviors of the hole-doped (p-type) and electron-doped (n-type) cuprates. The pairing symmetry, pseudogap phenomenon, low-energy spin excitations and the spatial homogeneity of the superconducting order parameter appear to be non-universal among the cuprates, which may be attributed to competing orders. We propose that the non-universal pseudogap and nano-scale variations in the quasiparticle spectra may be the result of a charge nematic (CN) phase stabilized by disorder in highly two-dimensional (2D) p-type cuprates. The CN phase is accompanied by gapped spin excitations and competes with superconductivity (SC). In contrast, gapless spin excitations may be responsible for the absence of pseudogap and the presence of excess sub-gap spectral weight in the momentum-independent quasiparticle spectra of n-type cuprates. The physical implications and further verifications for these conjectures are discussed.
Atomistic Study of Doped BaCeO3: Dopant Site-Selectivity and Cation Nonstoichiometry

Rare earth (or yttrium) doped BaCeO₃ has been widely investigated as a proton conducting material. Usually, the trivalent dopants are assumed to occupy the Ce⁴⁺-site, which introduces oxygen vacancies into the perovskite structure and furthers the protonic conductivity. Recent studies indicate the possibility of dopant incorporation on the Ba²⁺-site, which is unfavorable for protonic conductivity. In this work atomistic simulation techniques, especially the supercell approach, have been developed to investigate the questions of dopant site-selectivity and cation nonstoichiometry in doped BaCeO₃. Our calculations predict that, on energetic grounds, Ba²⁺-site deficiency shifts trivalent dopant incorporation onto the Ba²⁺-site. These results confirm that the dopant partitioning or site-occupancy of trivalent dopants will be sensitive to the precise Ba/Ce ratio, and hence to the experimental processing conditions. The relative energies explain the experimentally observed "amphoteric" behavior of Nd with significant dopant partitioning over both Ba and Ce sites. Such partitioning reduces the concentration of oxygen vacancies, which, in turn, lowers proton uptake and decreases proton conductivity relative to dopant incorporation solely on the Ce⁴⁺ site.
Vacuum energy in the bag model

The vacuum energy of the Yang-Mills field is examined for the conditions of the bag model. The dominance of high frequency effects results in a vacuum energy that decomposes naturally into a volume energy, a surface energy and higher shape energies. These quantities are identified with the parameters of the bag model. The imposition of confining boundary conditions for all frequencies is shown to be inconsistent since this would result in the bag constant and certain of the shape tensions being infinite. The manner in which the boundary conditions should be relaxed at high frequency is discussed. The most naive procedure for relaxing the boundary conditions, which is to apply confining conditions only on modes of frequency less than some cutoff frequency, results in a negative bag constant and surface tension and would render the vacuum unstable against the spontaneous breaking of Poincare invariance. Consideration of the manner by which the interacting electromagnetic field avoids a similar instability suggests that a more realistic way to relax the boundary conditions on the bag surface is to endow the vacuum exterior to the bag with a frequency dependent dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.
Magnetoelasticity of highly deformable thin films: Theory and simulation☆

Abstract A non-linear two-dimensional theory is developed for thin magnetoelastic films capable of large deformations. This is derived directly from the three-dimensional theory. Significant simplifications emerge in the descent from three dimensions to two, permitting the self-field generated by the body to be computed a posteriori. The model is specialized to isotropic elastomers and numerical solutions are obtained to equilibrium boundary-value problems in which the membrane is subjected to lateral pressure and an applied magnetic field.
Thick-skinned 3-manifolds

We show that if the totally geodesic boundary of a compact hyperbolic 3-manifold M has a collar of depth \({d \gg 0}\) , then the diameter of the skinning map of M is no more than Ae−d for some A depending only on the genus and injectivity radius of \({\partial M}\) .
Face recognition with pose and illumination variations using new SVRDM support-vector machine

Face recognition with both pose and illumination variations is considered. In addition, we consider the ability of the classifier to reject nonmember or imposter face inputs; most prior work has not addressed this. A new SVRDM (support-vector representation and discrimination machine) classifier is proposed, and initial face recognition-rejection results are presented.
Chemokines and cancer.

The chemokines are a superfamily of 41 human ligands and at least 18 receptors (Zlotnik and Yoshie 2000). They have been divided into inflammatory and homeostatic chemokines depending on their expression patterns. The inflammatory chemokines are generally those that are produced by cells of the immune system upon activation. The homeostatic chemokines are those whose expression is constitutive and are generally produced by nonimmune cells. The chemokines by and large have been considered to be important in the regulation of leukocyte traffic in the body. This has been shown most dramatically in the case of a few chemokine receptors, including CCR7 and CXCR5. CCR7 has two ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, whose expression is eliminated in a natural mutant mouse called the paucity of lymph node T cells (PLT) mouse. This is a mouse that arose naturally and was identified in an animal facility in Japan (Gunn 1998). As its name indicates, this mouse does not have many T cells in its lymph nodes. Careful analysis of the gene expression in this mouse showed that both CCL19 and CCL21 are not expressed in the lymph nodes of these mice (Gunn 1998).
Vacuum Energy and Extension to Machian Space-Time Physics by Linkage of Gravitons (Today) with Gravitinos (Ew Era) as Answer to Volovik’S Vacuum Energy, Myths and Reality Document Questions

We summarize first the highlights of the paper by Volovik, 2006 as to Vacuum energy and afterwards state that the non applicabillty of “Fjortoft theorem” for defining necessary conditions for instability solves certain problems raised by Volovik. The Myths and Realitites of Vacuum energies as stated by Volovik in particular state that there can be no (local?) perturbations of the quantum vacuum leading to a nonzero vacuum energy. Our paper applies the non applicability of “Fjortoft theorem” as another mechanism which could lead to a nonzero vacuum energy. We apply this theorem to what is called by Padmanabhan a thermodynamic potential which could show inititial conditions implying (structual) instability if conditions for the applications of “Fjortoft’s theorem” hold. In our case, there is no instability, so a different mechanism exists.for constructing vacuum energy. We appeal to Machians physics to account for the behavior of massive Gravitons with DE, in sync with extending answers to Volovick’s questions and identifying vacuum energy with DE. Then use Branes-Anti branes to create DE. Key point also is in the uniformity of Planck’s constant in cosmology, too as to preserve consistency of physical evolution.
Total Synthesis of (−)-Apicularen A

Complete details of an asymmetric synthesis of apicularen (1) are described. The synthesis has been accomplished using a highly diastereo- and enantioselective [4 + 2] annulation for the assembly of the functionalized pyran core. An underdeveloped lactonization method involving an NaH promoted transesterification of an advanced intermediate bearing an aryl cyanomethyl ester was used for the macrolactonization step.
Dialing for Documents: An Experiment in Information Theory

Abstract Standard telephone keypads are labeled with letters of the alphabet, enabling users to enter textual data for a variety of possible applications. However, the overloading of three letters on a single key creates a potential ambiguity as to which character was intended, which must be resolved for unambiguous text entry. Existing systems all use pairs of keypresses to spell out single letters, but are extremely cumbersome and frustrating to use. Instead, we propose single-stroke text entry on telephone keypads, with the ambiguity resolved by exploiting information-theoretic constraints. We develop algorithms capable of correctly identifying up to 99% of the characters in typical English text, sufficient for such applications as telephones for the hearing-impaired, E-mail without a terminal and advanced voice-response systems.
Electroweak bubble wall friction: analytic results

We present an entirely analytic, leading log order determination of the friction an electroweak bubble wall feels during a first order electroweak phase transition. The friction is dominated by W bosons, and gives a wall velocity parametrically ~ αw, and numerically small, ~ .01÷0.1 depending on the Higgs mass.
Double affine Hecke algebras for the spin symmetric group

We introduce a new class (in two versions) of rational double affine Hecke algebras (DaHa) associated to the spin symmetric group. We establish the basic properties of the algebras, such as PBW and Dunkl representation, and connections to Nazarov's degenerate affine Hecke-Clifford algebra and to a new degenerate affine Hecke algebra introduced here. We formulate a Morita equivalence between the two versions of rational DaHa's. The trigonometric generalization of the above constructions is also formulated and its relation to the rational counterpart is established.
Crisis modeling of the criminal justice system

A crisis triggered procedure is applied to analysis of the criminal justice system of the United States; in particular, the develop ment of a "crisis triggered" computer simulation model of the criminal justice system is reported. The model is then used to identify potential major crises that have occurred or are ex pected to occur in the criminal justice system, to simulate them, and to study alternative regimes or patterns of recovery that the system may undergo.
Atmospheric neutrino challenges

We briefly review the improvements in the predictions of atmospheric neutrino fluxes since the NOW2000 workshop. In spite of the great progress of the calculational technique the predictions are still not exact because of the uncertainties in the two major sets of input - cosmic ray flux and hadronic interactions on light nuclei.
Vitamin D in Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and the Utility of Treatment

CKD is associated with decreased vitamin D metabolites, both the storage form 25(OH)D and the active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This contributes to hyperparathyroidism, and increased levels of PTH mobilize minerals from the skeleton and increase the risk for fractures. Treatment with vitamin D sterols efficiently reduces secondary hyperparathyroidism of CKD. Observational studies suggest survival and other potential benefits of vitamin D treatment in the CKD population. These observations need to be verified with controlled prospective trials.
Network coding-based link failure recovery over large arbitrary networks

Network coding-based link failure recovery techniques provide near-hitless recovery and offer high capacity efficiency. Diversity coding is the first technique to incorporate coding in this field and is easy to implement over small arbitrary networks. However, its capacity efficiency is restricted by its systematic coding and high design complexity even though it has lower complexity than the other coding-based recovery techniques. Alternative techniques mitigate some of these limitations, but they are difficult to implement over arbitrary networks. In this paper, we propose a novel non-systematic coding technique and a simple design algorithm to implement the diversity coding-based (or network coding-based) recovery over arbitrary networks. The design framework consists of two parts. An ILP formulation for each part is developed. The simulation results suggest that both the novel coding structure and the novel design algorithm lead to higher capacity efficiency for near-hitless recovery. The new design algorithm is able to achieve optimal results in large arbitrary networks.
The Boundaries of Trust and Risk: The Quadratic Moderating Role of Institutional Structures

A prevalent assumption in the literature is that trust and risk are always relevant in online marketplaces, and that there is always a need to build trust and reduce risk irrespective of context. Challenging this assumption, this study seeks to identify the boundaries of the effects of trust and risk on transaction activity in the context of institutional structures in online marketplaces. The perceived effectiveness of institutional structures (PEIS), defined as the extent buyers believe that appropriate conditions are in place to facilitate transactions with sellers, sets the boundaries of trust and risk by moderating their effects on transaction activity in a quadratic (inverted-U) fashion. Specifically, at the lower boundary condition of PEIS (among buyers who believe institutional structures are ineffective), the high situational uncertainty they perceive should make these buyers unwilling to become vulnerable to sellers, thus rendering trust and risk immaterial to their decision making. Trust and risk should also be immaterial at the higher boundary condition of PEIS (among buyers who believe institutional structures are very effective), because the insufficient situational uncertainty makes trust and risk irrelevant to these buyers' decision making because of a lack of vulnerability. Only between these two boundary conditions (among buyers who perceive moderate levels of PEIS), and thus a moderate degree of situational uncertainty and vulnerability in the marketplace, should trust and risk have a significant effect on transaction activity. Data from 398 buyers on eBay's and Amazon's online marketplaces support the quadratic moderating role of PEIS on the effect of risk on transaction activity, but not on the effect of trust. Theoretical and practical implications on specifying the boundaries of the effects of trust and risk and understanding the direct and moderating role of institutional structures are discussed.
Thiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Indoles to Pyrones: Alkaloid Cores with Quaternary Carbons

We report the development of a catalytic method for the enantioselective addition of indoles to pyrone-derived electrophiles. Arylpyrrolidino-derived thioureas catalyze the addition with high stereoselectivity in the presence of catalytic quantities of an achiral Bronsted acid. The indole–pyrone adducts feature a quaternary stereocenter and represent an unusual class of indolines bearing structural resemblance to the hybrid natural product pleiocarpamine.
Nonuniform vote aggregation algorithms

We consider the problem of non-uniform vote aggregation, and in particular, the algorithmic aspects associated with the aggregation process. For a novel class of weighted distance measures on votes, we present two different aggregation methods. The first algorithm is based on approximating the weighted distance measure by Spearman's footrule distance, with provable constant approximation guarantees. The second algorithm is based on a non-uniform Markov chain method inspired by PageRank, for which currently only heuristic guarantees are known. We illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms on a number of distance measures for which the optimal solution may be easily computed.
Early (and later) LHC search strategies for broad dimuon resonances

Resonance searches generally focus on narrow states that would produce a sharp peak rising over background. Early LHC running will, however, be sensitive primarily to broad resonances. In this paper we demonstrate that statistical methods should suffice to find broad resonances and distinguish them from both background and contact interactions over a large range of previously unexplored parameter space. We furthermore introduce an angular measure we call ellipticity, which measures how forward (or backward) the muon is in η, and allows for discrimination between models with different parity violation early in the LHC running. We contrast this with existing angular observables and demonstrate that ellipticity is superior for discrimination based on parity violation, while others are better at spin determination.
Hardware fault detection

One of the most pressing problems currently confronting the design automation specialist is that of the automatic generation of component failure detection and diagnostic test sequences. This problem is made more difficult due to the new LSI circuits where we may have hundreds of components on a chip with only a few accessible input/output terminals.
An air and thermally stable one- component catalyst for the amination of aryl chlorides.

In this paper we report a new, highly efficient palladacyclic precatalyst that is air, moisture, and thermally stable and obviates the need to employ a glovebox. We have developed a convenient one-component precatalyst for the amination of aryl chlorides that overcomes many of the limitations of those previously described.
Ocular diseases of nasal origin

This account deals especially with follicular conjunctivitis, phlyctenular conjunctivitis and keratitis, orbital cellulitis and inflammatory involvement of the deeper tunics of the eye. Cavernous sinus thrombosis is also referred to. Read before the Western Section of the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Colorado Springs, Feb. 26, 1921.
Observation of two-stage crystallization of poly(ether ether ketone) by thermal mechanical analysis

Abstract We report the application of thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) to study the crystallization behavior of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). We are able to show that the two crystallization stages of PEEK are clearly distinguished by measuring the variation of film thickness with time during isothermal crystallization. These two crystallization stages can not be readily distinguished by DSC. The distinction by TMA becomes less clear with increasing crystallization temperature due to overlap of these two crystallization stages.
Sneutrino cold dark matter with lepton-number violation

Abstract The tau sneutrino is proposed as a candidate for galactic halo dark matter, and as the cold dark matter (CDM) component of the universe. A lepton-number-violating sneutrino mass, ν ν , splits the tau sneutrino into two mass eigenstates: ν → ν ± . The absence of a Z ν − ν − coupling implies that the lighter mass eigenstate, ν − , does not annihilate via the s-channel Z-exchange to a low cosmological abundance, and furthermore, halo sneutrinos do not scatter excessively in Ge detectors. For the majority of the relevant parameter space, the event rate in Ge detectors is ≥10−2 events/kg/day. The lepton number violation required for sneutrino CDM implies that the tau neutrino mass is mντ≳5 MeV, large enough to be excluded by B factory experiments. Events of the form l + l − E / or jj E / , with low mll or mjj, may be observed at LEP2. A seesaw mechanism is investigated as the origin for the lepton number violation, and several other cosmological and particle physics consequences of sneutrino CDM are discussed.
Separated flow about lifting bodies and impulsive flow about cylinders.

The analogy between the impulsive flow over circular cylinders and flat plates and the separated flow about slender bodies moving at high angles of attack in the subsonic to moderately supersonic-velocity range is discussed. The cross-flow drag and normal force coefficients are determined experimentally as a function of the relative displacement of fluid in time-dependent two-dimensional flow. The evolution with time of the body-wake characteristics are determined from high-speed motion pictures. The results show that during the growth of symmetrical vortices, the laminar flow drag coefficients of the test bodies reach a value about 25% higher than their corresponding steady flow values. In the supercritical range, records for the drag show considerable disagreement, except that the drag coefficient lies between 0.25 and 0.40.
High Performance Molybdenum Disulfide Amorphous Silicon Heterojunction Photodetector

One important use of layered semiconductors such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) could be in making novel heterojunction devices leading to functionalities unachievable using conventional semiconductors. Here we demonstrate a metal-semiconductor-metal heterojunction photodetector, made of MoS2 and amorphous silicon (a-Si), with rise and fall times of about 0.3 ms. The transient response does not show persistent (residual) photoconductivity, unlike conventional a-Si devices where it may last 3–5 ms, thus making this heterojunction roughly 10X faster. A photoresponsivity of 210 mA/W is measured at green light, the wavelength used in commercial imaging systems, which is 2−4X larger than that of a-Si and best reported MoS2 devices. The device could find applications in large area electronics, such as biomedical imaging, where a fast response is critical.
Explicit and Unconditionally Stable Time-Domain Finite-Element Method with a More Than “Optimal” Speedup

AbstractThe “optimal” speedup of an explicit and unconditionally stable time-domain method, without sacrificing accuracy, is the ratio of the time step required by accuracy to the time step determined by stability. In this work, by significantly accelerating the explicit time-marching-based revealing of the stable modes for any given time step, it is demonstrated that it is feasible to achieve a more than optimal speedup.
3-Oxo- and 3-imino-4-substituted-1,2,5-thiadiazolidine 1,1-dioxides: synthesis, spectral properties, and selected chemistry

Les composes du titre sont prepares a partir de sulfamide, de cyanure de sodium ou de potassium et d'aldehydes; leur structure cristalline est determinee par RX et leurs reactivites vis-a-vis de la benzylamine et de l'iodomethane en milieu basique sont etudiees
Syntheses of the female sex pheromones of Matsucoccus pine scales using the [2,3]-wittig rearrangement of a bisallylic tertiary ether

Abstract A convergent, general synthesis of (2E,4E)-4,6,10,12-tetramethyltrideca-2,4-dien-7-one (matsuone, 1) and five closely related analogs (2–6), which serve as sex pheromone components of female Matsucoccus pine scales, is described. The aldehydes 8a and 8b were obtained via a reaction sequence in which the key step is a [2,3]-Wittig sigmatropic rearrangement of the oxazoline ether of bisallylic tertiary alcohol 11. Coupling of 8 with the appropriate nucleophilic reagents, followed by oxidation of the resultant secondary alcohols, afforded the pheromone components 1–6.