cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electron Binding upon the Magnitude of the Compton Shift

Precision measurements of the Compton shift for ninety degree scattering of the wave-lengths 0.435A, 0.496A and 0.631A by carbon and by beryllium have been performed, using the ring-target x-ray tube and a double spectrometer, under the assumption that the mean shift for two mutually supplementary angles of scattering equals the ninety degree shift. In all cases the observed shift is less than $\frac{h}{\mathrm{mc}}$, the value required by the Compton formula, the maximum percentage discrepancy being 2.4 percent, observed in the case of $\ensuremath{\lambda}0.631\mathrm{A}$ scattered from carbon. These observations fulfill the predictions inherent in Wentzel's theory of scattering by bound electrons, and are consistent with the explicit shift formula previously deduced by the present authors, as regards dependence of the shift upon wave-length and upon ionization energy of the scatterer. They are also in satisfactory quantitative agreement with the theoretical shift formulas of F. Bloch.
A Death in the Family: Death as a Zen Concept

This study is based on original research that explored family reaction to the death of an elderly husband and father. We interviewed 34 families (a family included a widow and two adult biological children) approximately 6 to 10 months after the death. In one-on-one interviews, we discussed family members' initial reaction to the death, how the family is coping with the loss, and the changes that occurred in family relationships. In this article we focus on family solidarity after the loved one's death and discuss one extended case from the larger study. In reviewing our data, we find that a Zen perspective is useful in understanding the effect of the death on family relationships because this perspective incorporates a focus on the paradoxes of life and death. As death forces the family into the "present in its fullness," the contradictions of intimacy and distance, past and future, and life and death, emerge. Members of the family explore existential questions about life, death, and intimacy, in order to find meaning in: 1) the life and death of the loved one; 2) their own lives; and 3) the family.
Predictors of Family Involvement in Residential Long-Term Care

Abstract While much of the gerontological literature emphasizes the institutionalization of an older adult as an endpoint of family care, research has emerged illustrating the continued involvement of family members in the lives of residents. The purpose of the present study was to determine how resident setting, family context, resident background, staff background, and resident function influence the provision of family involvement in three long-term care environments: nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and family care homes. Five nursing homes, five assisted living facilities, and 16 family care homes and residents (N= 112) in the state of Kentucky were randomly selected. Results showed that type of facility was less important in accounting for different dimensions of family involvement than family context, family orientation of facilities, or resident need. The findings demonstrate the complex process of family involvement across the long-term care landscape, and have several research and prac...
Martin Rhonheimer and Some Disputed Issues in Medical Ethics: Masturbation, Condoms, Craniotomies, and Tubal Pregnancies

Abstract Martin Rhonheimer has written extensively on disputed issues in medical ethics: the use of condoms to prevent HIV, contraception, masturbation to provide semen for analysis, and at length on "vital conflicts" in medical ethics that arise in a pregnancy in which the lives of both the mother and the child are seriously threatened. If nothing is done, both will die, but if a medical intervention is performed, the child will die but the mother has a chance of living. After offering his interpretation of relevant magisterial documents on the difference between "direct" and "indirect" killing and of St. Thomas's teaching on the lawfulness of killing in self-defense and the principle of double effect, Rhonheimer proposes to solve conflicts of this kind by an ethical analysis based on what he calls a "virtue-based ethics" concerned with rendering justice to both mother and child. Using this approach he justifies craniotomy, salpingectomy, and salpingo(s)tomy as morally permissible ways of saving the mo...
The Formation of Chips in the Penetration of Elastic-Brittle Materials (Rock)

An analysis is presented for the formation of chips in a 2-dimensional, isotropic, elastic-brittle solid, due to to the penetration of rigid wedge. The analysis can be viewed in 3 parts. It is first necessary to obtain the static stress field due to a prescribed traction on the boundary. An integral method is used for this which is particularly convenient for the present problem. With the stresses known, the field is searched to determine where fracture is initiated. Fracture is assumed to satisfy a Coulumb-Mohr fracture criterion. It is found that for certain realistic parameter ranges fracture initiation is somewhat insensitive to the details of traction distribution and wedge angle but is dependent on the material parameters. An approximate fracture path is proposed for stable fracture growth takes place at the inflection point of the fracture function vs. fracture path length plot. Arguments are based on the Griffith theory of fracture and experimental data on crack velocity. (19 refs.)
Is more always better? Risk trade-offs among internationalizing new ventures

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how ventures manage the negative returns associated with higher levels of internationalization. Many new ventures are internationalizing to fully exploit new innovations and/or gain access to larger markets. Yet at some point the rising costs associated with internationalization outweigh any benefits, resulting in an inverted U-shaped relationship between internationalization and performance. Design/methodology/approach – New ventures are theorized to better manage high levels of internationalization by limiting exposure to other sources of risk. This can be achieved by leveraging greater size and/or limiting simultaneous diversification efforts on product innovation. To test the hypotheses, a regression using Heckman selection was run using a sample of 210 US-based, publicly held ventures in high-technology industries. Findings – The results confirm that when higher levels of internationalization are coupled with either a low emphasis on product innov...
Experimental and Computational Studies of Chaotic Stirring in Complex 3D Flows

Recent progress in experimental and computational studies of complex chaotically advected 3D flows is reviewed for the confined swirling flow in a cylindrical container with a rotating bottom and the open flow in a helical static mixer. The concept of Lagrangian averaging along particle paths, whose theoretical foundation stems from ergodic theory, is proposed as a powerful tool for constructing Poincare maps in numerical studies of confined flows. The same concept has also been employed to develop the first non-intrusive experimental technique for constructing Poincare maps in complex 3D flows. The potential of these ergodic concepts is demonstrated in computational and experimental studies for the confined swirling flow. Numerical computations for the helical mixer flow show that increasing the Reynolds number from Re = 100 to 500 leads to the appearance of unmixed islands in the flow. The mechanism that leads to the formation of such islands is shown to be linked to the growth of coherent helical vortices in the flow.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
The ADAM gene family: surface proteins with adhesion and protease activity.

Abstract An ADAM is a transmembrane protein that contains a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain and, therefore, it potentially has both cell adhesion and protease activities. Currently, the ADAM gene family has 29 members, although the function of most ADAM gene products is unknown. We discuss the ADAM gene products with known functions that act in a highly diverse set of biological processes, including fertilization, neurogenesis, myogenesis, embryonic TGF-α release and the inflammatory response.
Infrared surface pasteurization of Turkey frankfurters

A new intervention method has been developed using infrared heating to pasteurize the surface of turkey frankfurters contaminated with potentially fatal Listeria monocytogenes prior to final packaging. A laboratory infrared heating device was constructed to treat turkey frankfurters coated with approximately 106–7 cells/cm2 of a four-strain mixture of freshly prepared L. monocytogenes. The surface temperature of frankfurters was increased from refrigerated conditions to a final temperature of 70, 75 and 80 °C, achieving an average of 3.5±0.4, 4.3±0.4 and 4.5±0.2 (mean±S.E.) log-reductions in bacterial counts. No noticeable physical damage to the heat-treated samples was observed. Although the heat-treated samples were slightly browner than the control by visual observation, the measured color attributes (L*, a* and b*) were not significantly different from the control after a few hours of refrigerated storage. Experimental results of this study suggested that infrared surface pasteurization potentially could be use as an intervention technology to kill L. monocytogenes contaminated on the surface of frankfurters immediately prior to final packaging and reduce the risk of foodborne listeriosis caused by these products.
Design of a printed spectrum using modified Neugebauer halftone equations

The method used in the design of a printed reproduction of the spectrum of white light is described. This differs from most previous reproductions in that the relative saturation and darkness of the spectral colors were taken into account. The method was (1) the saturations and darknesses of the spectral colors and of the colors of maximum saturation that can be produced by the printing inks were calculated; (2) the desired darkness and saturation curves, representing a compromise between the spectral colors and the ink colors, were drawn; (3) the dot areas required to produce the desired colors were computed by means of modified Neugebauer halftone equations; (4) the exposure distribution required for the continuous-tone positives was calculated, taking into account the tone-reproduction characteristics of the process; (5) a set of templates was made to produce the required exposure distribution; (6) the positives were exposed by means of these templates; (7) halftone negatives were made from the positives; (8) offset printing plates were made from hard-dot duplicates of these.
in vitro NMR characterization of mammalian myocardium: Effect of specimen integrity on relaxation times†

We systematically evaluated three different methods of preparing canine myocardium for NMR relaxometry: using whole specimens, specimens sliced into approximately 2-mm3 pieces, and specimens minced into pieces less than 2 mm3. NMR relaxation times were determined at 20 MHz. T1 relaxation time and water content were not different among the three methods. However, T2 values differed significantly between whole and sliced samples (mean +/- SEM = 51.2 +/- 2.2 ms (whole) vs 54.3 +/- 2.7 ms (sliced): P less than 0.05). Minced myocardium showed a similar increase that was not statistically significant. We conclude that tissue preparation methods must be controlled when performing NMR relaxometry studies.
A simple method of canine pancreatic islet isolation and intrahepatic transplantation.

Clinical pancreatic islet transplantation has been impeded by the inability to isolate an adequate mass of functional tissue that will ameliorate diabetes. A simplified method of canine islet isolation was developed that allowed for either intrasplenic or intrahepatic transplantation. Following total pancreatectomy, parenchymal digestion was accomplished by intraductal collagenase perfusion and stationary incubation. The digested tissue was dispersed by filtration through a steel mesh (400 μm), washed, and separated on a discontinuous dextran density gradient. Enhanced islet tissue (2–4 ml) was recovered from the uppermost interface of the gradient and autotransplanted. The islet isolation procedure was tested in two series of dogs undergoing either intrasplenic or intrahepatic engraftment. Immediate and sustained normoglycemia (plasma glucose <200 mg%) was obtained in 5 of 8 dogs (63%) in the intrasplenic group and 6 of 8 dogs (75%) in the intrahepatic group. The mean fasting plasma glucose concentration 2 weeks after transplantation was 102.8 ± 6.4 mg% in the intrasplenic group and 103.3 ± 8.4 mg% in the intraportal group. The mean IVGTT K-values 2 weeks after transplantation were −1.41 ± 0.35% and −1.21 ± 0.13%, respectively. On the basis of insulin content, the islet yield was 33.0 ± 3.7% of the total pancreas in the intrasplenic group and 33.0 ± 3.1% in the intrahepatic group. Islet mass was enhanced 10.2 ± 1.5 and 20.0 ± 6.2 fold, respectively, on the basis of insulin/amylase ratios. The success rate in this canine model compared favorably with previously published results from other laboratories. This procedure, including surgery, was routinely performed within 4 hr, allowed for transplantation the same day without the requirement of overnight incubation, and utilized an inexpensive dextran density gradient, furthering efforts toward human clinical trials.
FACTOR SHARES IN AGRICULTURE: THE CANADA‐U.S. EXPERIENCE

The class shares of income in the Canadian economy and public policy developments are closely related. A comparison of the levels and trends in functional income shares with those in the United States economy generates a number of testable hypotheses. In this paper, the functional shares in all Canadian agriculture and agricultural regions are also observed and compared to US. agriculture and adjacent type of fanning regions. The analysis indicates a marked similarity in the total economy income shares despite dissimilar factor supply functions. In both countries there has been a slight upward trend in the labor share over time. The rate and pattern of growth has also been similar in the two countries; however, a serious divergence has developed in recent years. In contrast to the total economies, declining farm labor income shares characterize both agricultures. Real estate shares also have followed a similar pattern in the two countries, with the past two decades witnessing a reversal in the historical decline. Nevertheless, there are a number of differences between factor shares in Canadian and United States agriculture. In part, these can be explained by comparing adjacent regions. It is clear, however, that the different impact of technological change and economic growth has bad a great impact on regional shares. The operation of capital and labor markets within Canadian agriculture also contribute to the differences in agricultural factor shares between the two countries.
Contemporary Mother’s Day and Father’s Day Greeting Cards A Reflection of Traditional Ideologies of Motherhood and Fatherhood?

Mother’s and Father’s Day greeting cards were analyzed for (a) ideologies of motherhood and fatherhood in the themes and objects/pictures; (b) color palette, color, and lettering; and (c) the impact of the sender’s gender and relationship to the recipient. The sample consisted of 442 cards on the Hallmark website. Ritualized holidays tend to support the status quo, and traditional ideologies of motherhood and fatherhood, namely a nurturing role for mothers and an instrumental role for fathers, were reflected in the themes and the objects/pictures on the cards. A pastel color palette, pink and purple, and script lettering characterized Mother’s Day cards, whereas a bold color palette, blue, tan, black, brown and red, and whimsical lettering characterized Father’s Day cards. There were variations across the cards that revealed the salience of the sender’s gender and relationship to the recipient. The limitations of this research and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Development of a capillary gel electrophoresis method for monitoring disulfide isomer heterogeneity in IgG2 antibodies

A CGE method for monitoring the disulfide isomer distribution characteristic of IgG2 MAbs is presented. Disulfide heterogeneity of MAbs has been studied using various chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. Although CGE operates using a different selectivity mechanism from that of sorption chromatographic techniques, similar trends are present in the data, which allow the CGE method to be used as a complementary method for studying disulfide isomer distribution. This article focuses on the optimization of a capillary-based gel electrophoresis method that can be used to support antibody development including bioprocess optimization, antibody characterization, release, and formulation stability assessment.
Natural Image Statistics and Low-Complexity Feature Selection

Low-complexity feature selection is analyzed in the context of visual recognition. It is hypothesized that high-order dependences of bandpass features contain little information for discrimination of natural images. This hypothesis is characterized formally by the introduction of the concepts of conjunctive interference and decomposability order of a feature set. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the feasibility of low-complexity feature selection are then derived in terms of these concepts. It is shown that the intrinsic complexity of feature selection is determined by the decomposability order of the feature set and not its dimension. Feature selection algorithms are then derived for all levels of complexity and are shown to be approximated by existing information-theoretic methods, which they consistently outperform. The new algorithms are also used to objectively test the hypothesis of low decomposability order through comparison of classification performance. It is shown that, for image classification, the gain of modeling feature dependencies has strongly diminishing returns: best results are obtained under the assumption of decomposability order 1. This suggests a generic law for bandpass features extracted from natural images: that the effect, on the dependence of any two features, of observing any other feature is constant across image classes.
A NOTE ON THE ETIOLOGY OF EPIDEMIC POLIOMYELITIS

The globoid bodies, or minute microorganisms, cultivated from the central nervous organs of human beings and monkeys that have succumbed to poliomyelitis, may be detected in the incubated brain tissues of infected monkeys in forms indicating post-mortem multiplication. Incubating the poliomyelitic tissues in kidney-ascitic fluid culture medium and then crushing them is a more certain method for obtaining cultures of the organism. Identical bodies have been detected in blood films prepared on the twelfth day of the acute attack, from a paralyzed poliomyelitic monkey inoculated intraspinously. The same organism has been cultivated from the blood of a monkey that had received intravenously a large dose of a Berkefeld filtrate of poliomyelitic virus. No other microorganisms were detected either in the sections of the brain or in film preparations of the blood. These observations tend therefore to confirm the etiological relationship between the minute microorganism and epidemic poliomyelitis suggested by the successful cultivation and inoculation experiments reported by Flexner and Noguchi.
On the Physics of Improved Confinement During Pulsed Poloidal Current Drive in MST Reversed-Field Pinch

Reduction of core-resonant magnetic fluctuations and improved confinement in the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed-field pinch (MST RFP) have been routinely achieved by applying the surface poloidal electric field. The created inductive poloidal electric field drives current in plasma which leads to the improved confinement. To study the effect we developed a relatively simple 1-D model in cylindrical geometry which assumes poloidal and axial symmetry during the drive. We use resistive magnetohydrodynamics model with realistic plasma parameters and assume that there is a vacuum gap between plasma boundary and conducting wall of the vessel. Evolution of plasma density is taken into account and plasma boundary moves self-consistently with momentum equation. We start from an initial unstable equilibrium and examine stability of plasma configuration at intermediate moments of time during the drive. For this we calculate the growth rates of unstable eigenmodes in the plasma. Our results show that the modifications to the plasma current profile during the drive are stabilizing. The initial stabilization is due to the direct modification of the current profile near the edge. It enhances later in time due to the flattening of λ profile in the core region as plasma and magnetic field compress inward during the drive.
Autoimmune phenomena in untreated and treated marginal zone lymphoma

Introduction: Current literature suggests an association between various autoimmune conditions and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). However, these autoimmune conditions have not been comprehensively systematized to date. As a result, their clinical implications remain largely unknown. Areas covered: The authors provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on various autoimmune abnormalities documented in the course of MZL, as well as on autoimmune alterations induced by certain MZL therapies. Expert opinion: The course of MZL is accompanied by a variety of hematologic and non-hematologic autoimmune disorders. Whereas some of them could be secondary and related to the course of the MZL, others may be primary and might even favor the development of MZL itself. In addition, authentic autoimmune conditions have been documented with the use of rituximab as a single agent and the nucleoside analogs. Therefore, we believe caution should be exerted with the use of these agents in MZL patients with evide...
“Relationships So Loving and So Hurtful” The Constructed Duality of Sexual and Racial/Ethnic Intimacy in the Context of Violence in Asian and Pacific Islander Lesbian and Queer Women’s Relationships

Intimate partner violence (IPV) in Asian, Pacific Islander, and Native Hawaiian (APINH) queer women's and lesbian relationships was examined through interviews with 24 APINH respondents. Seven major themes were uncovered in the dynamics of intimate violence: (a) control, intimidation, and instilling fear; (b) "deep" emotional intimacy; (c) first, early, or rebound relationships; (d) sexual jealousy and possessiveness; (e) shame as a barrier; (f) limited social and potential partner networks; and (g) crossing/intersecting gender in the "butch" as victim. Study implications include expanding research on same-sex IPV focusing on the intersection of ethnicity, gender, and sexual identity.
A note on "Realization of digital filters using input-scaled floating-point arithmetic"

In [1] and [2], a theoretical Bode plot with experimental data points is shown. The experimental data points on the Bode plot are not correct.
SELENIUM‐RUBY AND OTHER GLASSES COLORED BY SELENIUM

Data are presented on the development and production of ruby and other colors in glass by employing selenium as one of the colorants. The addition of 0.25% of powdered selenium and 0.30% of metallic cadmium with 0.055% of silicon as the reducing agents in a zinc-free glass produced good ruby color. The addition of both oxidizing and reducing agents showed that conditions most favorable for the retention of selenium had an adverse affect on the retention of cadmium. The results of day-tank trials embodying the principles found in this work are listed.
Reactivation of Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy Following Trauma with Intraorbital Foreign Body

A 63-year-old female with mild, bilateral, stable thyroid-associated orbitopathy sustained trauma resulting in glass foreign bodies embedded on the left ocular surface and left lateral orbital extraconal and intraconal space. After 2 orbitotomies including a failed attempt to remove the intraconal foreign body and poor response to oral steroids, she developed severe, progressive left periorbital edema and 9 mm of relative proptosis. Serial, post-operative imaging demonstrated worsening inflammatory changes along the surgical tract, which slowly improved over several months, with simultaneously worsening proptosis and enlargement of the left inferior and medial rectus muscles consistent with worsening thyroid orbitopathy. She subsequently underwent unilateral 3-wall orbital decompression with improvement in her symptoms. Periorbital trauma with orbital foreign bodies and related surgical trauma may result in reactivation of thyroid-associated orbitopathy.
Decreasing the CHANCE of Stroke

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are often referred to as “mini-strokes.” They were once thought of as “near miss” events, but it has become clear that there is nothing small about the significance or impact of TIAs. After a TIA, the risk of a full-blown stroke is high, with ~10 to 20% of patients having a stroke within 3 months after the index event, and most within the first 2 days. The role of antiplatelet therapy for preventing additional strokes in patients who have already suffered a first event is well established. However, it is unclear whether dual antiplatelet therapy is beneficial in the setting of TIA or minor stroke (NIH stroke scale score of 3 or less; scores range from 0 to 42, with higher scores signifying greater deficits). The Clopidogrel in High-Risk Patients with Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events (CHANCE) study by Wang et al . addresses this question. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at 114 centers in China, the investigators randomly assigned 5170 patients within 24 hours of a minor ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA to 3 months of combination therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin, or to treatment with aspirin plus placebo. The primary outcome—stroke within 90 days—was assessed with a Cox proportional-hazards model in an intention-to-treat analysis. The authors found an 8.2% stroke rate in the clopidogrel–aspirin group, compared with an 11.7% rate in the aspirin–placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.81; P < 0.001). The incidence of hemorrhagic stroke was 0.3% in each group. Despite fears of hemorrhagic complications with the use of dual antiplatelet therapy, this study demonstrates that the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin decreases the risk of stroke and does not increase the risk of complications when compared with aspirin alone after a TIA or minor stroke. A limitation of this investigation is the generalizability of results to countries aside from China, where stroke subtypes and prescribed methods for secondary prevention may differ somewhat from those presented in the study. Nevertheless, these results suggest that it is time to recognize that “more is more” in the medical management of TIAs and that an aggressive treatment approach is warranted in the setting of what was once thought to be a “near miss” event. Y. Wang et al. , Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. N. Engl. J. Med. 369 , 11–19 (2013). [[Abstract] ][1] [1]: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23803136
A rapid colormetric test for alcohol and aldehyde concentrations in peanuts.

.The acidic potassium dichromate-silver nitrate reagent has been evaluated as a rapid colormetric test for alcohol and aldehyde concentrations in peanuts. Increased levels of alcohols and aldehydes have previously been related to off-flavor in peanuts. The acidic potassium dichromate-silver nitrate color-metric test was found to give a linear response for peanut samples which had been spiked with known ethanol concentrations between 10 and 100 nL/g. Peanut samples (200 g) may be assayed in seven minutes thus the method is applicable to the rapid analysis of large numbers of samples. Fortyfour samples from commercial lots of peanuts were analyzed and 20 samples were determined to have above background concentrations of alcohols and aldehydes. Aroma response analysis and subsequent statistical analysis showed a curvilinear relationship between alcohol-aldehyde concentrations and aroma response and thus confirms the previously published reports on the alcohol-off-flavor relationship. The application of this method to quality control in peanut samples could be of significant value in improving the quality of peanuts being marketed and thus those being processed into consumer products.
Soybean row spacing and weed emergence time influence weed competitiveness and competitive indices

Abstract Weed competitiveness can be quantified with the concept of competitive index (CI), a relative scale of weed competitiveness. Field studies were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in northeastern and southeastern Nebraska to evaluate the influence of soybean row spacing and relative weed emergence time on the competitiveness of major weed species in soybean. Ten weed species were seeded in soybean spaced 19 and 76 cm apart at the planting, emergence, and first trifoliate leaf stages of soybean. Total weed dry matter (TDM), weed plant volume, and percent soybean yield loss were arbitrarily selected as a base for determining the CI for each weed species. Soybean yield loss was the least variable parameter used to quantify weed competitiveness and rank their CIs. In general, weeds grown with soybean planted in 19-cm rows produced less TDM, plant volume, and reduced soybean yield less than weed species grown in 76-cm rows. Later-emerging weeds produced less TDM, plant volume, and reduced soybean yield less th...
Analyticity of the Cauchy problem for an integrable evolution equation

In this paper we consider the periodic Cauchy problem for the Camassa-Holm equation with analytic initial data and prove that its solutions are analytic in both variables, globally in space and locally in time.
A scalable delay based analytical framework for CSMA/CA wireless mesh networks

We present an analytical framework for the performance analysis of CSMA/CA based wireless mesh networks. This framework can provide an accurate throughput-delay evaluation for both saturated and unsaturated cases. An efficient algorithm that determines the collision domain for each node based on both the interference range and routing in the network is presented. As another important application of this framework, we develop an analytic model that enables us to obtain closed form expressions for delay in terms of multipath routing variables. A flow-deviation algorithm is used to derive the optimal flow over a given set of routes for any number of classes. The model takes into account the effects of neighbor interference and hidden terminals, and tools are provided to make it feasible for the performance analysis and optimization of large-scale networks. Numerical results are presented for different network topologies and compared with simulation studies.
Temperature dependence of the coercivity of Fe films sputtered on nanochannel alumina

The morphology, magnetic microstructure, and temperature dependence of the magnetic coercivity of Fe films sputter deposited on commercial nanoporous substrates has been examined. Images obtained using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed that the films grow in the form of a contiguous ferro-magnetic network of small interconnected grains on the walls that separate the nanopores. Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) showed a very complex domain structured with magnetic clusters much larger than the grain size. This complexity in the magnetic structure is not unexpected if the network-like shape of the films is considered. The coercivity of all films increases as the temperature is decreased, the largest variation occurring for a film 5 nm thick. Maximum coercivities H/sub c//spl sim/1800 Oe at 30 K were obtained in as-deposited 5 mn films. The temperature variation of H/sub c/ for the thinner films was found to be qualitatively similar to that found in Fe particles covered with an oxide shell.
Neurocognitive and psychological correlates of metabolic syndrome in childhood

A considerable amount of research has been conducted in recent years concerning metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Even though many studies have found that components of the metabolic syndrome cluster in children and adolescents, few have examined the role of psychosocial and neurocognitive factors in risk factor clustering. The purpose of this chapter is to review findings related to psychosocial and neurocognitive functioning in children identified as having metabolic syndrome.
The Accumulation of Acetylcholine Receptors at Nerve—Muscle Synapses in Culture

We are studying the formation of synapses between embryonic chick ciliary-ganglion neurons and muscle fibers maintained in cell culture. Our assumption is that certain rules that govern synapse formation can be best understood by observing the behavior of individual cells in a controlled environment over periods of time that range from seconds to days. This observation is difficult if not impossible to achieve in intact embryos. The ability to visualize and manipulate growing neurons in vitro is a major advantage in this regard. In addition, cell cultures provide convenient and relevant bioassays that might lead to an understanding of the phenomenology of synapse formation on a molecular level. In this summary report, we describe some recent experiements in our laboratory concerning the early release of acetylcholine (ACh) from presynaptic terminals and the initial accumulation of ACh receptors (AChR) in the postsynaptic muscle membrane.
Searchlight: enabling integrated search and exploration over large multidimensional data

We present a new system, called Searchlight, that uniquely integrates constraint solving and data management techniques. It allows Constraint Programming (CP) machinery to run efficiently inside a DBMS without the need to extract, transform and move the data. This marriage concurrently offers the rich expressiveness and efficiency of constraint-based search and optimization provided by modern CP solvers, and the ability of DBMSs to store and query data at scale, resulting in an enriched functionality that can effectively support both data- and search-intensive applications. As such, Searchlight is the first system to support generic search, exploration and mining over large multi-dimensional data collections, going beyond point algorithms designed for point search and mining tasks.Searchlight makes the following scientific contributions:• Constraint solvers as first-class citizens Instead of treating solver logic as a black-box, Searchlight provides native support, incorporating the necessary APIs for its specification and transparent execution as part of query plans, as well as novel algorithms for its optimized execution and parallelization.• Speculative solving Existing solvers assume that the entire data set is main-memory resident. Searchlight uses an innovative two stage Solve-Validate approach that allows it to operate speculatively yet safely on main-memory synopses, quickly producing candidate search results that can later be efficiently validated on real data.• Computation and I/O load balancing As CP solver logic can be computationally expensive, executing it on large search and data spaces requires novel CPU-I/O balancing approaches when performing search distribution.We built a prototype implementation of Searchlight on Google's Or-Tools, an open-source suite of operations research tools, and the array DBMS SciDB. Extensive experimental results show that Searchlight often performs orders of magnitude faster than the next best approach (SciDB-only or CP-solver-only) in terms of end response time and time to first result.
Process of designing a hydraulics laboratory in rural Kenya for a non-profit engineering student project

This paper describes the issues to consider when designing a laboratory to be constructed in a rural environment in Kenya. The paper bases its details on a project currently underway by a team of volunteer engineers, students and graduates of a non-profit organization. The project includes the construction of a hydraulic flume, a piping network, and a pumping system at a university in Kenya.
Alternative Strategies for Resolving Libel Claims Quickly

The article begins with a discussion of the findings of an empirical study that found a disjunction between the underlying assumptions and goals of media libel law, on the one hand, and the real interests of the parties and what the system actually accomplishes, on the other. The research also indicated that an alternative process would be consistent with the interests of a majority of libel plaintiffs and defendants by providing a more straightforward, less intrusive, and quicker resolution of the dispute. The article describes an experimental, voluntary, nonlitigation alternative program that was created as one potential solution to the problems of the libel litigation system.
Relationship of low-density lipoprotein particle size and measures of adiposity.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if obesity measures are related to measures of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size and LDL subfractions in a population of Mexican-Americans with high prevalence of obesity. METHODS: LDL size phenotypes, based on nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and staining for cholesterol (using Sudan black B), were determined for 313 unrelated Mexican-American participants in the San Antonio Family Heart Study. LDL size measures included predominant particle diameter, median diameter (particle diameter, where half the LDL absorbance is on larger and half on smaller LDLs) and cholesterol level in various LDL subfractions. Adiposity traits included two measures of general body fatness (body-mass index (BMI) and fat mass determined with bioimpedance) and three measures of regional fat deposition (waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference and subscapular-triceps skinfold ratio (STR)). RESULTS: Gender and diabetes were significantly associated with most LDL size measures. In addition, BMI, WHR, waist circumference and STR were significantly (P< 0.05) associated with several LDL size measures. Stepwise regression analysis (including adjustment for age, gender and diabetes status) showed that in every case, the strongest adiposity correlate of LDL size, was WHR, which reflects deposition of visceral fat. If triglyceride (TG) concentration was also included in the models, no fat measure was independently correlated with LDL size, suggesting that elevation of TG, associated with increased adiposity, was more directly correlated with LDL size. Supporting this interpretation, we found that WHR was also the strongest correlate of TG among adiposity measures. Regression analysis of the LDL particle size cholesterol profile expressed in 0.1 nm increments revealed a positive correlation of WHR and LDLs in the interval 25.9 ‐ 26.3 nm (P< 0.05) and a negative correlation of BMI with LDLs in the interval 27.3 ‐28.1 nm (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that different adiposity measures, reflecting different aspects of fat deposition, are related to specific LDL size intervals. We speculate that increased deposition of fat, particularly visceral fat, is associated with increased TG, which in turn is associated with decreases in LDL particle size.
Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase in the Developing Human Liver:

SummaryG-6-PD was studied in human liver at various stages of development. Distinct differences were observed in specific activity, pH optimum, and thermal stability of the fetal enzyme compared to newborn and adult enzyme. In contrast, no differences were observed in Michaelis-Menten constants or electrophoretic mobility.These studies were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R.R. 05475-08 and HD 00036) and the National Foundation—March of Dimes (CRS-61). Henry L. Nadler is the Given Research Professor of Pediatrics.
Workers’ Participation in Training and Import Competition: Evidence from the USA

Merging industry-level data on imports into the NLSY79 cohort data, we examine the relationship between rising imports and the amount of time workers in the US manufacturing sector spend in training events. A simple theoretical model shows the effect of foreign competition may depend on the type of training. Controlling for both industry and individual fixed effects, we find that rising imports lead workers to spend less time in training for the purpose of career advancement. There is some evidence this effect is stronger for less educated and lower ability workers.
CPM Detection Algorithm based on PSP Equaliation

A detection algorithm based on PSP( per-survivor processing) equalization for continuous phase modulation over time-varying frequency-selective fading channels is proposed. In the proposed receiver, initial channel impulse( CIR) is estimated with a training sequence. PSP provides a general framework for the detection of CPM signal whenever the presence of unknown parameters prevents the precise use of classical Viterbi algorithm. FDE has a very wide range of application because it provides a solution to multipath interference with low complexity. However the algorithm couldn't be used in tracking time-varying channels. It is found that the bit-error-rate performance of PSP decoder without channel state information( CSI) is better than that of the frequency domain equalization algorithm in multipath fading channels.
Marriage trends among Americans with childhood-onset disabilities, 1997-2013.

Abstract Background People with disabilities are less likely to marry than people without disabilities. Trends in marriage and assortative mating among people with disabilities have not been investigated. Hypothesis This study tested if marriage likelihood converged between adults with childhood-onset disabilities and their peers, and if married adults with childhood-onset disabilities became more likely to have a spouse without disabilities. Methods U.S. data from annual National Health Interview Surveys were used to identify adults ages 18–44 surveyed between 1997 and 2013 (N = 562,229). Childhood-onset disability was defined by self-report of physical conditions limiting the respondent's activities since age Results Across survey years, the decline in odds of having ever married was stronger among adults with childhood-onset disabilities (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.95; p Conclusions The American retreat from marriage has been accelerated among adults with childhood-onset disabilities, with high rates of in-marriage to other people with disabilities persisting in this group.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Acute optic neuritis (ON) is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). ON is the first clinical demyelinating event in MS for about 20 % of patients. In the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT), the overall cumulative probability of developing clinically-definite MS, defined as a second clinical event, was 50 % by 15 years after the onset of acute ON. Furthermore, those patients with a positive brain MRI consistent with demyelination had a far greater risk of developing of MS compared to those with a normal baseline MRI (72 % vs. 25 %). The subsequent development of MRI-based diagnostic criteria for MS has led to a paradigm shift in our clinical approach to patients with ON as a first clinical demyelinating event. In those patients with MRI scans consistent with demyelination, platform MS therapies have become standard treatment for patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), including ON. Our ability to diagnose MS with a single MRI scan has allowed us to more expeditiously establish the diagnosis of MS while advances in OCT (optical coherence tomography) has provided us an opportunity to better resolve the visual dysfunction that occurs in this disorder. OCT permits the correlation of structural aspects of anterior visual pathway axonal and neuronal loss with visual function in ON. It is now known that patients with MS have thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL, axons) and ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL, neurons) even in the absence of a history of acute ON. Such patients have clinically meaningful worsening of vision and quality of life (QOL). Furthermore, OCT is useful in patients with MS for distinguishing macular disease from ON, and for monitoring patients for macular edema associated with use of fingolimod. In this chapter, we summarize the data and current concepts for use of OCT in the evaluation and monitoring of patients with MS. Importantly, we will highlight how OCT has expanded our thinking about the pathogenesis of visual pathway dysfunction, and how RNFL and GCL+IPL thickness may serve as structural markers for monitoring disease in our patients.
A PHYSICAL MODEL FOR THE OBSERVED DEPENDENCE OF THE METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR WORK FUNCTION DIFFERENCE ON SUBSTRATE ORIENTATION

The metal-semiconductor work function difference O ms in the Al—SiO2—Si system has been measured using capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements, and it was found to be orientation dependent, with the (100) orientation having a O ms larger than that of (111) by — 0.250 V. This result is in agreement with previous studies which showed that O ms is both orientation and processing dependent. These observations are interpreted in terms of the contribution of dipole moments resulting from partial charge transfer in interface bonds to the O ms . Such charge transfer takes place in bonds at the Si—SiO2 and gate—SiO2 interfaces and in their vicinity. The contribution of these dipole moments to the measured O ms has been calculated from first principles, and the results predict the orientation dependence of O ms , and provide a physical model for further investigating its processing dependence. Measurements and process modeling of charge components in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices will be discussed.
The First Amendment Right to Record Images of Police in Public Places: The Unreasonable Slipperiness of Reasonableness & Possible Paths Forward

Analyzing federal cases through May 2015, this Article examines the current, contested terrain of the emerging, yet qualified, First Amendment right to record police performing duties in public venues. The Article argues that multiple First Amendment interests, ranging from the watchdog role of the press to discovery of truth under the marketplace of ideas theory, mandate that the reasonable-restrictions standard, which is now deployed by most courts to decide if this nascent right may permissibly be abridged, be jettisoned in favor of a more rigorous, speech-friendly approach. Specifically, the Article advocates a form of judicial review akin to strict scrutiny. It also proposes a framework of analysis—a “Continuum of Necessity”—for adding consistency and teeth to this tack. The Article concludes by calling on the Supreme Court to quickly consider a right-to-record case to establish two key points: (1) the existence of a clearly established First Amendment right in 2015 to record police performing their duties in public places; and (2) any restrictions imposed on this right are permissible only if they are so narrowly tailored that no viable alternatives exist that would allow for greater ability to record police under the circumstances.