cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neonatal cholestasis: opportunities to increase early detection.

Abstract Objective To describe primary care management of early and prolonged jaundice in otherwise-healthy term infants to identify opportunities to increase early diagnosis of cholestasis. Methods Community-based pediatricians in St Louis, Missouri completed a mailed, anonymous, 29-item survey to assess practice demographics, timing of routine newborn office visits, and the management of early and prolonged neonatal jaundice. Results A total of 108 of 230 (47%) of eligible physicians responded (mean years in practice, 15.3, SD, 9.4). More respondents were very familiar with national guidelines for management of early (49%) than prolonged (16%) neonatal jaundice. Eighty-six percent reported all newborns were checked with transcutaneous bilirubin before hospital discharge. For transcutaneous bilirubin results at 48 hours of 7, 10, 12 and 15 mg/dL, 1%, 26%, 70%, and 74% of respondents, respectively, would order a fractionated bilirubin. Although the first routine visit usually occurred in the first week after discharge, 25% of physicians reported the 2nd visit was routinely scheduled after 4 weeks of age. Ninety-four percent reported they would obtain a fractionated bilirubin for infants jaundiced beyond 4 weeks of age. If cholestasis was identified at 6 weeks of age, 32% would obtain additional testing without referral to a subspecialist. Conclusions Management of early and prolonged neonatal jaundice is variable. Current practices appear to miss opportunities for early diagnosis of cholestasis and referral that are unlikely to be addressed without redesigning systems of care.
SIP application composition framework based on business rules

This paper presents a new SIP application composition framework, which can enable service operators to manage SIP application compositions using intuitive business rules. The framework supports complex conditions and feature interaction management when making application composition decisions. The requirements of SIP application composition is studied from service operator's point of view, and possible extensions to current JSR 289 SIP application composition mechanism are discussed. We give example implementations to illustrate how the rule-based framework can be integrated to SIP servlet environment.
Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes.

The neuropeptide galanin is widely expressed in the periphery and the central nervous system and mediates diverse physiological processes and behaviors including alcohol abuse, depression and anxiety. Four genes encoding galanin and its receptors have been identified (GAL, GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3). Recently we found that GAL haplotypes were associated with alcoholism, raising the possibility that genetic variation in GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3 might also alter alcoholism risk. Tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by genotyping SNP panels in controls from five populations. For the association study with alcoholism, six GALR1, four GALR2 and four GALR3 SNPs were genotyped in a large cohort of Finnish alcoholics and non-alcoholics. GALR3 showed a significant association with alcoholism that was driven by one SNP (rs3091367). Moreover, the combination of the GALR3 rs3091367 risk allele and GAL risk haplotypes led to a modestly increased odds ratio (OR) for alcoholism (2.4) as compared with the effect of either GAL (1.9) or GALR3 alone (1.4). Likewise, the combination of the GALR3 and GAL risk diplotypes led to an increased OR for alcoholism (4.6) as compared with the effect of either GAL (2.0) or GALR3 alone (1.6). There was no effect of GALR1 or GALR2 on alcoholism risk. This evidence suggests that GALR3 mediates the alcoholism-related actions of galanin.
Toward a microscopic basis for mechanical behaviour

Abstract Based upon our previously developed microscopic model of intergranular embrittlement in A3B L12 intermetallic compounds, it is shown that a plot of A versus B s-orbital electronegativity leads to a clear discrimination between ductile and brittle materials. A structure-property relationship is uncovered by constructing the associated structure map using phenomenological Mendeleev numbers, which exhibits a topology identical to the ductile-brittle property map.
Coloured Places and Pigmented Holidays: Racialized Leisure Travel

This paper deals with race, space and leisure travel. It enquires into the differences between African-American and White travel behaviour while challenging existing theoretical explanations for these differences. This work aims to extend previous research on racialized leisure through utilizing a multi-method, multiple data sources approach to illustrate and then elucidate racial differences in behaviour. The findings of the study suggest that racialization of space is the primary factor influencing African-American travel behaviour.
A synthetic heparan sulfate oligosaccharide library reveals the novel enzymatic action of D-glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotransferase-3a

Heparan sulfate (HS) glucosaminyl 3-O-sulfotranferases sulfate the C3-hydroxyl group of certain glucosamine residues on heparan sulfate. Six different 3-OST isoforms exist, each of which can sulfate very distinct glucosamine residues within the HS chain. Among these isoforms, 3-OST1 has been shown to play a role in generating ATIII-binding HS anticoagulants whereas 3-OST2, 3-OST3, 3-OST4 and 3OST-6 have been shown to play a vital role in generating gD-binding HS chains that permit the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 into cells. 3-OST5 has been found to generate both ATIII- and gD-binding HS motifs. Previous studies have examined the substrate specificities of all the 3-OST isoforms using HS polysaccharides. However, very few studies have examined the contribution of the epimer configuration of neighboring uronic acid residues next to the target site to 3-OST action. In this study, we utilized a well-defined synthetic oligosaccharide library to examine the substrate specificity of 3-OST3a and compared it to 3-OST1. We found that both 3-OST1 and 3-OST3a preferentially sulfate the 6-O-sulfated, N-sulfoglucosamine when an adjacent iduronyl residue is located to its reducing side. On the other hand, 2-O-sulfation of this uronyl residue can inhibit the action of 3-OST3a on the target residue. The results reveal novel substrate sites for the enzyme actions of 3-OST3a. It is also evident that both these enzymes have promiscuous and overlapping actions that are differentially regulated by iduronyl 2-O-sulfation.
Reflow of AlCu into Vias during CVD TiN barrier deposition

A novel Via failure mechanism for a 0.35 /spl mu/m technology is analyzed in this work. Failure analysis of the failed Vias reveal an anomalous layer at the bottom of the Via hole. Electron diffraction spectra (EDS) of this layer confirms that the main component is AlCu with clusters of titanium aluminide; fluorine is also detected. The root cause of this failure was AlCu extrusion into the Via during the preheat step prior to CVD TiN deposition. It was also found that an improved Ti barrier step coverage can reduce the occurrence of Al extrusions.
Characterization of two distinct chloride channels in cultured dog pancreatic duct epithelial cells

Cl- secretion by pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDEC) regulates cellular HCO3- secretion, an important component of the exocrine pancreas. In cystic fibrosis, for example, impaired function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel results in decreased pancreatic secretion and secondary pancreatic insufficiency. Studies of ion transport by PDEC have been hindered by the lack of a practical in vitro model. We have successfully cultured nontransformed dog PDEC on Vitrogen-coated permeable membranes overlying a feeder layer of myofibroblasts and report the characterization of Cl- channels in these cells. Cl- conductance, assessed through efflux of 125I from PDEC, was stimulated by agents acting via adenosine 39,59-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or cytosolic Ca2+. The Cl- conductances activated by cAMP and Ca2+ were distinct, since they were differentially inhibited by 4,49-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,29-disulfonic acid and, to a lesser extent, by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid and diphenylamine-2 carboxylate. Patch-clamp studies confirmed the presence of Cl- channels activated by cAMP and Ca2+, with differential inhibition by 4,49-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,29-disulfonic acid. The presence of CFTR Cl- channels in PDEC was confirmed by immunoblotting. These cultured PDEC are an optimal model for studies of pancreatic duct secretion.
Extent of surgery for papillary thyroid cancer is not associated with survival: an analysis of 61,775 patients.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, with an estimated incidence of 60,220 in 2013 in the United States.1 Papillary thyroid cancer represents more than 90% of all thyroid cancer cases, and is the most indolent form of the disease.2 Prognosis is excellent, with 20-year survival surpassing 90% when appropriate therapy is undertaken.3 The mainstay of treatment for papillary thyroid cancer is surgical resection. The current American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommend total or near-total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancers >1 cm.4 This recommendation was supported by an analysis of population-level data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) by Bilimoria et al. of 52,173 patients who either underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy for papillary thyroid cancer between 1985 and 1998. They found that total thyroidectomy was associated with better overall survival for papillary thyroid cancers tumors ≥1 cm, whereas extent of thyroid resection did not impact survival in patients with tumors <1 cm.5 However, a subsequent analysis of 22,724 papillary thyroid cancer patients (1988–2001) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database showed no survival difference between thyroid lobectomy vs. total thyroidectomy.6 These conflicting findings have reopened the debate regarding the issue of extent of surgery. Others have pointed out concerns with Bilimoria et al.’s multivariable analysis, as it did not account for potentially important factors such as comorbidities, multifocality, extrathyroidal extension, and completeness of resection.7, 8 Therefore, we sought to examine the association between extent of surgery and overall survival in relation to tumor size in a more contemporary NCDB cohort (1998–2006), while adjusting for patient demographic, clinical, and pathologic factors, including those that may have been confounders in prior studies.
NLP for text mining and decision making

Complex decisions involve, of necessity, large amounts of complex data containing a broad range of information types - a situation that makes clarity in decision-making a challenge. Coupled with this is the added difficulty that much of the information needed for making decisions exists in non-structured, textual files. To resolve this situation, recent advances in Natural Language Processing-based information access and analytic technologies have been coupled with clarifying visualization techniques to produce systems that can facilitate advanced text-mining capabilities to support decision-making.
Cystoscopy and intravesical bacille Calmette–Guérin therapy in antibiotic-naïve patients with bladder cancer with asymptomatic bacteriuria: An update

Urologists often insist on sterile urine before invasive outpatient urological procedures, and urine culture and antibiotics are usually given before cystoscopy or instillation of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy, especially in patients who have positive urine cultures. Our experience suggests that cystoscopy and induction BCG therapy can be performed safely, even in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria, without pretreatment or prophylactic antibiotics. The rate of subsequent febrile urinary tract infection is <4% in both infected and uninfected patients. Pretreatment antibacterial therapy does not appear to be necessary before these two outpatient urological procedures in patients with bladder cancer. Such strategy facilitates timely interventions and reduces the possibility of antibiotic resistance.
'Felon Power': Prison Gerrymanders, the 3/5 Clause, and the Incarceration of Democracy

In keeping with the 2016 conference theme, “Black Power-Black Lives,” I explore a problem that political science largely overlooks: the political implications of mass incarceration on democracy and representation in America. Focusing on prison-based gerrymandering — the practice of counting inmates at their prison address when apportioning populations and drawing electoral districts — I will illuminate the subversions of democracy that stem from this practice. A disproportionate number of prisoners are black and Latino, and tend to come from urban communities. Prisons tend to be located in rural communities. Prison gerrymanders thus tend to enhance the representation of communities that house prisons while diminishing a) the representation of urban communities of color, and b) neighboring communities without prisons. In particular, the practice conflicts with Section Two of the Voting Rights Act, the principle of “one-person-one-vote”, and the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment. Ultimately, it reincarnates the Three-Fifths clause, this time at a ratio of one-to-one. I conclude that this practice, along with mass incarceration in general, imprisons not just people but democracy as well.
Computationally Efficient Adjustment of FACTS Set Points in DC Optimal Power Flow With Shift Factor Structure

Enhanced utilization of the existing transmission network is a cheaper and paramount alternative to building new transmission lines. Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices are advanced technologies that offer transfer capability improvements via power flow control. Although many FACTS devices exist in power systems, their set points are not frequently changed for power flow control purposes, which is mainly due to the computational complexity of incorporating FACTS flexibility within the market problem. This paper proposes a computationally efficient method for adjustment of variable impedance-based FACTS set points, which is also compatible with existing market solvers. Thus, the method can be employed by the existing solvers with minimal modification efforts. This paper models FACTS reactance control as injections to keep the initial shift factors unchanged. Next, the paper formulates a dc optimal power flow that co-optimizes FACTS set points alongside generation dispatch. The resulting problem, which is in a nonlinear program, is then reformulated to a mixed-integer linear program. Finally, an engineering insight is leveraged to further reduce the computational complexity to a linear program. Simulation studies on IEEE 118-bus and Polish 2383-bus test cases show that the method is extremely effective in finding quality solutions and being very fast.
Santa Claus Rally and Firm Size

Purpose – Several articles in the popular press have detailed an end-of-year anomaly known as the Santa Claus Rally, a period best defined as the last five trading days of December and the first two trading days of January. The purpose of this paper is to examine US stock market returns over this period from 1926 to 2014. Design/methodology/approach – The authors examine the Santa Claus Rally by relating it to firm size in the stock markets of the USA. The Santa Claus Rally consists of the last five trading days in December and the first two in January. The authors use t-tests, non-parametric test and regression analysis to determine if investors in small firms get superior returns over the period 1926-2014. Findings – The authors find that returns are generally higher during the period and that the effect is considerably stronger for small-firm portfolios relative to large capitalization portfolios. The authors also provide convincing evidence that the three most important trading days (especially for sm...
Dynamic Verilog-A Model of a Magnetoresistive Spin Valve

A behavioral model for a magnetoresistive spin valve device implemented in Verilog-A is presented. The model realizes the complete static, single-domain magnetic hysteresis response as well as a damped transient response based on Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert dynamics. The model will facilitate the design and analysis of complex spintronic or hybrid spintronic-electronic circuits in a simulation environment that is familiar to most circuit designers. The utility of the spin valve model is demonstrated in the analysis of a MRAM cell.
Process and Variance Modeling: Linking Research Questions to Methods in Family Business Research

Models are an important component of research design that serve as intermediaries between theories and data, often directing decisions about methods and statistics. This article discusses the basic...
Socioeconomic Cost of Diabetic Retinopathy and Therapy

Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly impacts quality of life [8, 16, 48] with affected patients unable to manage their diabetes as well when they are visually impaired [6]. Vision impairment compromises quality of life by limiting physical activity, promoting social isolation, and causing dependence on others for the performance of many of life’s necessary functions [43]. Patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) also have higher rates of healthcare utilization (doctors’ visits, hospitalizations, diagnostic testing, treatments, and medications) compared to diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy [20, 26, 44]. A US health quality study reported that diabetes is associated with a utility of 0.53, whereas blindness has a utility of only 0.38, with only major stroke (0.31) and end-stage renal disease (0.35) ranking lower [19]. By identifying patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), physicians are frequently able to stabilize and improve vision, thereby improving the quality of patients’ lives. Improvement in visual acuity often enables patients to resume driving and obtain gainful employment.
AI education: machine learning resources

In this column, we focus on resources for learning and teaching three broad categories of machine learning (ML): supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. In our next column, we will focus specifically on deep neural network learning resources, so if you have any resource recommendations, please email them to the address above.
Understanding intended behavior using models of low-level signals

As software systems increase in complexity and operate with less human supervision, it becomes more difficult to use traditional techniques to detect when software is not behaving as intended. Furthermore, many systems operating today are nondeterministic and operate in unpredictable environments, making it difficult to even define what constitutes correct behavior. I propose a family of novel techniques to model the behavior of executing programs using low-level signals collected during executions. The models provide a basis for predicting whether an execution of the program or program unit under test represents intended behavior. I have demonstrated success with these techniques for detecting faulty and unexpected behavior on small programs. I propose to extend the work to smaller units of large, complex programs.
Synthesis-Free Phase-Selective Gelator for Oil-Spill Remediation

A new deep eutectic solvent (DES) was developed as a phase-selective gelator for oil-spill remediation. The newly designed nonionic DES is based on a combination of an amide (N-methylacetamide) and a long chain carboxylic acid (lauric acid) and does not require any synthetic procedure besides mixing. Our studies show that the DES works as gelator by forming a gel between lauric acid and the hydrocarbon, whereas the amide serves to form the DES and dissolves in water during the gelation process. In addition, the DES material has gelation properties comparable to those considered as state-of-the-art. Overall, the newly developed material shows a promising future in oil recovery methodologies.
Close Watch of a Distant Manager: Multi-surveillance by Transnational Clients in Indian Call Centres

While much emphasis in the surveillance literature is on the role of employers, other actors are gaining influence given the transnationalization of work and expanding capacities of technology. Through the example of Indian call centres, this chapter shows how clients the ones who contract the services of outsourcers, from their position in the US—take on roles as virtual managers. I present a framework of multi-surveillance to complicate our understanding of these dynamics in the global service economy. Clients, like many participants in Indian call centres, observe many groups at once, and in turn experience the gaze of all those groups. Consequently, rather than a uniform and unidirectional process, surveillance by clients is fractured, multiplied and interconnected with that of other groups.
Macroalgal and Seagrass Diets Alter Epibiotic Bacterial Communities on the Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus and the American Lobster Homarus americanus

ABSTRACT Bacteria in the genus Vibrio can be opportunistic pathogens for organisms in marine and estuarine systems. Consumption of seagrass by the blue crab Callinectes sapidus or macroalgal kelp by the lobster Homarus americanus reduced epibiotic bacteria in the Vibrio genus. Bacterial Vibrio spp. densities were estimated by colony growth on thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agar. Nonspecific epibiotic bacterial densities were estimated by colony growth on nonselective agar or by direct counting under a fluorescence microscope. Consumption of the seagrass Ruppia maritima, but not the aquatic plant Stukenia pectinata or a control diet, reduced Vibrio spp. densities on blue crabs. A diet containing the kelp Saccharina latissima reduced Vibrio spp. densities on lobsters compared with a control diet. Results for nonspecific bacterial densities were mixed. A reduction was observed when cultured colonies were counted but not when cells were counted directly. The results suggest that diets containing seagrass or...
Malignant Pericardial Disease

Metastases to the pericardium are far more common than primary tumors. Tumor may involve the pericardium by one of three pathways: retrograde lymphatic extension, hematogenous spread, or direct contiguous extension. The predominant route is retrograde spread through lymphatic channels in the mediastinum to the heart, producing small tumor implants on the epicardial surface of the heart. For most cancers, involvement of the pericardium indicates distant metastases, or M1 disease. The presence of a malignant pericardial effusion is associated with a poor prognosis, with survival times less than a year in most cases. The clinical presentation of malignant pericardial effusion is variable, with the majority of patients presenting with gradual onset of dyspnea and chest pain rather than with the acute onset of tamponade. Malignant tamponade implies a poor prognosis with a median survival of 150 days. In a patient with a known malignancy, the finding of a pericardial effusion should prompt further investigation. The pericardial effusion may be related to previous treatment, including both radiation therapy and chemotherapy, infection or inflammation, or may occur as a result of local invasion, hematogenous or lymphatic spread of tumor. Relief of symptoms may be achieved through pericardiocentesis, or creation of a pericardial window. A combination of local and systemic therapy may offer a survival benefit in some patients.
Conclusion and Future Research Directions

Processing of speech and language inputs has been studied under a statistical point of view for quite some time. Data-driven methods pioneered by speech recognition researchers such as Rabiner [8] and Jelinek [2] in the late 1970s were applied to natural language understanding only in the early 1990s [5]. It is only a decade ago that dialogue management has benefited from statistical modeling and data-driven methods [3]. Following this trend, this book described the recent advances in statistical data-driven methods for spoken dialogue systems, especially within the European CLASSiC project funded under the seventh framework program. The aim of this project, as reflected by this book, was to produce generic methods for statistical optimization from end to end of a spoken dialogue system, starting with speech recognition and ending with speech synthesis. Machine learning techniques, such as reinforcement learning, were expected to provide useful approaches to this problem because of their ability to solve sequential decision-making problems but also because they rely on a strong mathematical background and on interpretable optimization criteria. Reinforcement learning has thus been applied for optimizing dialogue management and natural language generation (NLG) but also, to some extent, to produce user simulation techniques. Other machine learning methods, such as support vector machines (SVM) or Bayesian networks, were also integrated to make a fully operational system. This book summarized the technical and practical results obtained during this project.
Role of the elastic protein projectin in stretch activation and work output of Drosophila flight muscles.

We examine how the stretch activation response of the Drosophila indirect flight muscles (IFM) is affected by the projectin mutation bent Dominant . IFM from flies heterozygous for this mutation (bent D / +) produce ~85% full length projectin and ~15% truncated projectin lacking the kinase domain and more C-terminal sequences. Passive stiffness and power output of mutant fibers is similar to that of wild-type (+/+) fibers, but the amplitude of the stretch activation response (delayed tension rise) was significantly reduced. Measurement of actomyosin kinetics by sinusoidal analysis revealed that the apparent rate constant of the delayed tension rise (2πb) increased in proportion to the decrease in amplitude, accounting for the near wild-type levels of power output and nearly normal flight ability. These results suggest that projectin plays a crucial role in stretch activation, possibly through its protein kinase activity, by modulating crossbridge recruitment and kinetics
The Nutritional Dynamics of the Burrowing Mayfly, Hexagenia Limbata

Aspects of the nutritional dynamics of the burrowing mayfly, Hexagenia limbata, were examined. Freshly deposited detritus and surface sediments were analyzed (organic, carbon, nitrogen, caloric contents) and compared with gut material from two size-classes of naiads (< 15 and ≥ 15 mm). Both the chemical analysis and ATP-biomass carbon estimates suggest a higher nutritive potential for detritus. In both size-classes the ingested material consisted primarily of fine inorganic particles, and of the organic gut material, over 90% consisted of detrital aggregates. Analysis of the structure of the mouthparts and observations of feeding behavior were used to develop a description of the feeding process.
Stimulation-induced structural changes at the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of hippocampal neurons.

Neurons exhibit stimulation-induced ultrastructural changes such as increase of thickness and curvature of the postsynaptic density, decrease in contact area between subsurface cistern and plasma membrane, and formation of CaMKII clusters and synaptic spinules. These structural characteristics help in identifying the activity state of the neuron and should be taken into consideration when interpreting ultrastructural features of the neurons. Here in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures where experimental conditions can be easily manipulated, two additional features are documented in forebrain neurons as reliable benchmarks for stimulation-induced structural changes: (1) The neuronal nucleus showed conspicuous clustering of dark chromatin, and (2) the endoplasmic reticulum formed stacks with a uniform gap of ~ 13 nm filled with dark materials. Both structural changes progressed with time and were reversible upon returning the slice cultures to control medium. These stimulation-induced structural changes were also verified in dissociated hippocampal neuronal cultures and perfusion-fixed brains. In hippocampal slice cultures, the neuronal chromatin clustering was detectable within 30 s of depolarization with high K+ (90 mM) or treatment with NMDA (50 μM). In contrast, the formation of ER cisternal stacks did not become apparent for another 30 s. Importantly, in dissociated neuronal cultures, when the extracellular calcium was chelated by EGTA, treatment with high K+ no longer induced these changes. These results indicate that the stimulation-induced chromatin clustering and formation of ER stacks in neurons are calcium-dependent. Additionally, mitochondria in neuronal somas of tissue culture samples consistently became swollen upon stimulation. However, swollen mitochondria were also present in some neurons of control samples, but could be eliminated by blocking basal activity or calcium influx. This calcium-dependent structural change of mitochondria is specific to neurons. These structural changes may bring insights to the neuron’s response to intracellular calcium rise upon stimulation.
Metodologia Ativa: Sala de Aula Invertida e suas Práticas na Educação Básica

This study proposes an investigation about the active methodology called "inverted classroom" and its practices in basic education, problematizing how they occur. In the introduction, we justify the importance of the topic as an investigative focus. Methodologically, it is a qualitative study, it was used a bibliographical review in dissertations produced in a national scope that included the active methodology methodology, inverted classroom, and the search of the data was carried out in the period from 2014 to 2018, in the database of the thesis and dissertations captions from the descriptors "active methodology" and "inverse classroom." Preliminary results indicated 36 dissertations, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria, being 6 masters scrito sensu and 02 professional masters, the others were excluded because they did not establish an adequate dialogue and in line with the theme. The conclusions pointed out that when thinking of the inverted classroom as a practice we must consider the fundamental role of technology as well as the changing role of the teacher who becomes the mediator of the process and we understand that the inverted classroom fits like a teaching-learning strategy. However, basic education demands new formats of student-teacher-student interaction, and it seems that active methodologies are gaining space, but still require appropriation by teachers and others involved in academic processes.
Tissue Factor Facilitates Wound Healing in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

Background Tissue factor (TF) canonically functions as the initiator of the coagulation cascade. TF levels are increased in inflamed airways and seem to be important for tumor growth and metastasis. We hypothesized that airway epithelia release TF as part of a wound repair program. Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate whether airway epithelia release TF in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli and to investigate roles of TF in cell growth and repair. Methods Airway epithelial cells were exposed to 10 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide or 1 ng/mL of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). TF and TGF-β messenger RNA and protein were measured in cell lysate and culture media, respectively. Signaling pathways were evaluated by using selective agonists and inhibitors. Airway epithelia were mechanically injured in the presence of TF and tissue factor pathway inhibitor to investigate their roles in wound repair. Results TF protein levels increased in cell media after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (P Conclusions Growing airway epithelia release TF when exposed to lipopolysaccharide or TGF-β. TF reduces wound-healing time in airway epithelia and therefore may be important to airway recovery after injury.
Physics-Based Computational Design for Digital Fabrication

Physics-based simulation models have been long studied in computer graphics. The current trend is to capture complex physical phenomena that have multi-physics, multi-scale, and multi-modality. Meanwhile, the advent of digital manufacturing techniques is also striking. The barrier of making objects with complex geometries and materials constantly lowers down. The confluence of numerical simulation models and powerful digital fabrication inspires us to rethink the design of objects that can be digitally manufactured. In this paper, I will present our work on physics-based simulation models and their use in various design tasks. I will show that seamless integration of simulation models into the design process opens the door to optimal, unrealized, and even unconventional product designs.
Art of the Sale: Recommendations for Sharing Research With Mainstream Media and Senior Leaders

Research collaborations are two-way streets. To obtain support from organizations, academics must communicate the value of their research projects to the stakeholders. In their focal article, Lapierre et al., (2018) described this process as the academic “sales pitch”, one that must be “short yet attention grabbing” (p.20). Academic research in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology, however, is rooted in esoteric jargon (e.g., validity and reliability) and unconvincing evidence (e.g., r and r2) (Highhouse, Brooks, Nesnidol, & Sim, 2017; Rynes, 2009). These concepts are difficult for non-academics to understand and may even undermine the value of our work (Brooks, Dalal, & Nolan, 2014; Kuncel & Rigdon, 2012; Mattern, Kobrin, Patterson, Shaw, & Camara, 2009). CEOs and other senior leaders often have limited time, attention, and expertise to process your pitch: A bad one could effectively derail the collaboration before it even began.
Real-Time Light Field Processing for Autonomous Robotics

Typical autonomous robotics systems incorporate multiple cameras, LIDAR sensors and sophisticated computing resources. In this paper we present a software framework for utilizing any array of multiple cameras with sufficient field-of-view (FOV) overlap as a light field imaging system. We show that the typical linear arrays that exist on autonomous cars are sufficient to capture stable time resolved light fields even when moving at highway speeds. We elaborate on the potential pitfalls associated with such a technique namely loss of calibration between cameras due to high frequency vibrations and sudden shocks associated with driving over potholes and highlight a method that can compensate for such effects. We demonstrate that the light fields collected by simple linear arrays can be processed in real time for a wide variety of useful applications including occlusion removal, for signal enhancement in featureless images captured in very low light, for reflection removal and for improved visibility in extreme conditions associated with snow and heavy rain.
Characterization of antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in experimental cerebral malaria

Malaria remains a major global health concern, infecting more than 200 million individuals and resulting in almost a half a million deaths per year. Most malaria-associated deaths are caused by cerebral malaria (CM). Due to ethical limitations of human experimentation, an experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model is used to further our understanding of the pathogenesis of CM. C57BL/6 mice are susceptible to ECM upon Plasmodium berghei ANKA live sporozoite (spz) or infected RBC (iRBC) infection. CD8 T cells are required for ECM symptoms as depletion of CD8 T cells inhibits disease. Despite the known role of CD8 T cells in the pathogenesis of ECM, the kinetics, phenotype and function of antigen-specific response have not been described. Here, we characterize the antigen-specific CD8 T cell phenotype after spz or iRBC infection and correlate with parasitemia levels and development of ECM. Using surrogate activation markers to identify antigen-specific CD8 T cells, the frequency of CXCR3 expressing activated CD8 T cells decreased initially and subsequently increased during onset of ECM symptoms. Higher parasitemia levels and frequency of activated CD8 T cells correlated with ECM development in both spz and iRBC infection models. Based on these data, we hypothesize that ECM develops in a goldilocks-principle manner. If a specific threshold of parasitemia and activated CD8 T cells are reached at the same time, ECM develops, but should the CD8 T cell response occur too early or late, ECM does not develop and mice will eventually succumb to hyperparasitemia and severe anemia.
Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell with Significantly Enhanced Catalysis

Author(s): Wang, R; Dogdibegovic, E; Lau, GY; Tucker, MC | Abstract: High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is a promising hydrogen production technology and has attracted substantial research attention over the last decade. While most studies are conducted on hydrogen electrode-supported type cells, SOEC operation using metal-supported cells has received minimal attention. The development of metal-supported SOECs with performance similar to the best conventional SOECs is reported. These cells have stainless steel supports on both sides, 10Sc1CeSZ electrolyte and electrode backbones, and nano-structured catalysts infiltrated on both hydrogen and oxygen electrode sides. Samarium-doped ceria (SDC) mixed with Ni is infiltrated as a hydrogen electrode catalyst, and the effect of ceria:Ni ratio is studied. On the oxygen electrode side, catalysts including lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM), lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite (LSCF), praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11), and their composite catalysts with SDC (i.e., LSM-SDC, LSCF-SDC, and Pr6O11-SDC) are compared. Using the materials with highest catalytic activity (Pr6O11-SDC and SDC40-Ni60) and optimizing the catalyst infiltration processes, excellent electrolysis performance of metal-supported cells is achieved. Current densities of −5.31, −4.09, −2.64, and −1.62 A cm−2 are achieved at 1.3 V and 50 vol% steam content at 800, 750, 700, and 650 °C, respectively.
Three-month pancreas graft function significantly influences survival following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in type 2 diabetes patients.

Successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) improves quality-of-life and prolongs kidney allograft and patient survival in type-1 diabetic (T1DM) patients. However, the use of SPK in type-2 diabetic (T2DM) patients remains limited. We examined a national transplant registry for 35 849 T2DM kidney disease patients who received transplant between 2000 and 2016 and survived the first 3 months with a functioning kidney, and categorized as: deceased-donor kidney transplant alone (DD-KA, 68%), living-donor kidney transplant alone (LD-KA, 30%), or SPK (2%). Among SPK recipients, 6% had pancreas allograft failure within 3 months (SPK,P-) and 94% had a functional pancreas (SPK,P+). Associations of transplant type with kidney allograft failure and death (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 95%LCL aHR95%UCL ), over follow-up through December 2018, were quantified by multivariable inverse probability of treatment weighted survival analyses. SPK recipients had better kidney graft and patient survival than LD-KA or DD-KA recipients. Compared to SPK,P+, DD-KA, or LD-KA recipients had significantly higher risk of kidney allograft failure (DD-KA: aHR 1.53 2.203.17 ; LD-KA: aHR 1.29 1.872.71 ) and death (DD-KA: aHR 2.12 3.255.00 ; LD-KA: aHR 1.54 2.353.59 ). SPK,P- recipients had significantly higher risk of death (aHR 1.68 3.306.50 ). Similar to T1DM, T2DM patients with SPK have a survival benefit compared to those with kidney transplant alone, but this benefit depends upon successful early pancreas function.
Voltage Does Not Drive Prestin (SLC26a5) Electro-Mechanical Activity at High Frequencies Where Cochlear Amplification Is Best

Cochlear amplification denotes a boost to auditory sensitivity and selectivity that is dependent on outer hair cells from Corti's organ. Voltage-driven electromotility of the cell is believed to feed energy back into the cochlear partition via a cycle-by-cycle mechanism at very high acoustic frequencies. Here we show using wide-band macro-patch voltage-clamp to drive prestin, the molecular motor underlying electromotility, that its voltage-sensor charge movement is unusually low pass in nature, being incapable of following high-frequency voltage changes. Our data are incompatible with a cycle-by-cycle mechanism responsible for high-frequency tuning in mammals.
Surgical Techniques in Management of Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis in Children.

Background Multiple techniques exist for the repair of supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), but given the lesion’s rarity, analyses comparing the efficacy of each repair have been limited. Methods A retrospective review of all children at a single institution who underwent repair of SVAS from June 1995 to May 2019 was performed. Anatomic and physiologic measurements across time points were compared between 2 predominant surgical techniques. Time-to-event outcomes were compared using the log-rank test. Results SVAS was repaired in 89 patients, by using a single-patch in 31 (35%) and the Doty repair in 58 (65%). Median age at operation was 2.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 1.0 to 6.8 years), with median follow-up of 5.8 years (IQR, 1.8 to 10.7 years). Reoperation was required in 8 (9%) patients at a median of 1.5 years postoperatively (IQR, 0.3 to 4.8 years). There was 1 death after multiple reinterventions. The change from the preoperative to the postoperative sinotubular junction z-score was greater for patients after Doty repair (median change +2.5; IQR, 1.5, 4.1) than for patients after single-patch repair (median change +0.8; IQR, −0.1, 2.1; P = .001). Freedom from reoperation was longer for patients after Doty repair than after the single-patch technique (P = .008). Conclusions The Doty repair provides longer freedom from reoperation after supravalvular aortic stenosis repair compared with a single-patch technique, likely through a greater increase in the sinotubular junction at the time of initial operation.
Myelopoiesis during Solid Cancers and Strategies for Immunotherapy

Our understanding of the relationship between the immune system and cancers has undergone significant discovery recently. Immunotherapy with T cell therapies and checkpoint blockade has meaningfully changed the oncology landscape. While remarkable clinical advances in adaptive immunity are occurring, modulation of innate immunity has proven more difficult. The myeloid compartment, including macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, has a significant impact on the persistence or elimination of tumors. Myeloid cells, specifically in the tumor microenvironment, have direct contact with tumor tissue and coordinate with tumor-reactive T cells to either stimulate or antagonize cancer immunity. However, the myeloid compartment comprises a broad array of cells in various stages of development. In addition, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells at various stages of myelopoiesis in distant sites undergo significant modulation by tumors. Understanding how tumors exert their influence on myeloid progenitors is critical to making clinically meaningful improvements in these pathways. Therefore, this review will cover recent developments in our understanding of how solid tumors modulate myelopoiesis to promote the formation of pro-tumor immature myeloid cells. Then, it will cover some of the potential avenues for capitalizing on these mechanisms to generate antitumor immunity.
Team-based instructional change in undergraduate STEM: characterizing effective faculty collaboration

Team-based instructional change is a promising model for improving undergraduate STEM instruction. Teams are more likely to produce sustainable, innovative, and high-quality outcomes than individuals working alone. However, teams also tend to involve higher risks of failure and can result in inefficient allocation of valuable resources. At this point, there is limited knowledge of how teams in the context of STEM higher education should work to achieve desirable outcomes. In this study, we collect semi-structured interview data from 23 team members from a total of 4 teams at 3 institutions across the USA. We analyze the results using a grounded theory approach and connect them to the existing literature. This study builds upon the first part of our work that developed a model of team inputs that lead to team outcomes. In this part, we identify the mechanisms by which input characteristics influence teamwork and outcomes. Team member data expand this initial model by identifying key aspects of team processes and emergent states. In this paper, we present five team processes: strategic leadership, egalitarian power dynamics, team member commitment, effective communication, and clear decision-making processes, that shape how teams work together, and three emergent states: shared vision, psychological safety, and team cohesion, that team members perceived as important aspects of how teams feel and think when working together. This work furthers our understanding of how instructional change teams can be successful. However, due to the highly complex nature of teams, further investigation with more teams is required to test and enrich the emerging theory.
Yesterday, today, and tomorrow: A plea for change in the practice of historical archaeology

Historical archaeology, since its very beginnings, has been shaped more by the manner in which research is funded than by the intellects of its practitioners. Prevailing research and management approaches today are examined critically and argued to be maladaptive for continued growth and evolution of the discipline in the future.
Molecular profiling of triple negative breast cancer.

Abstract Advances in high-throughput technology and bioinformatics have made it possible to analyze tumors in an unbiased manner at the genomic level. These techniques aim to produce novel prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and most importantly, mechanistic insights that can be translated into ground-breaking therapeutic hypotheses. Genome-wide analysis is particularly relevant to the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), as effective targeted therapy would make a considerable impact. At the transcriptome level, TNBC most frequently overlaps the intrinsic subtype referred to as "Basal-like''. However other less common subtypes, including "Claudin-low", "HER2-enriched but without HER2 gene amplification", "Luminal B", "Luminal A" and "Molecular apocrine'' subtypes have also been described in TNBC. Additionally TNBC tumors that arise in the setting of a germ-line BRCA1 mutation may be considered a separate entity because of their potential susceptibility to poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor therapy. With the advent of whole genome sequencing, we envision further classification of TNBC that is based on genetic abnormalities linked to targeted therapeutics.
Automatic Acquisition of Robot Motion and Sensor Models

For accurate self-localization using probabilistic techniques, robots require robust models of motion and sensor characteristics. Such models are sensitive to variations in lighting conditions, terrain and other factors like robot battery strength. Each of these factors can introduce variations in the level of noise considered by probabilistic techniques. Manually constructing models of noise is time-consuming, tedious and error-prone. We have been developing techniques for automatically acquiring such models, using the AIBO robot and a modified RoboCup Four-Legged League field with an overhead camera. This paper describes our techniques and presents preliminary results.