cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract W P196: Utility of Echocardiography in the Evaluation of Transient Ischemic Attack Patients

Background: Current guidelines recommend that patients presenting with transient ischemic attack (TIA) undergo echocardiography to evaluate for a cardiac source. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in TIA patients evaluated as part of an emergency department observation unit (EDOU) protocol. Methods: Prospectively identified TIA patients presenting to the Emory University Hospital EDOU from January 1, 2011 to July 31, 2013 were eligible for this analysis if they had a final discharge diagnosis of TIA. Baseline patient characteristics, diagnostic test results, and clinical outcome at 3 months were retrospectively collected. An abnormal TTE was defined as an ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 45%, significant regional wall motion (RWM) abnormality, significant diastolic dysfunction (DD), valvular mass, presence of clot, or positive bubble study. Results: Of 236 patients discharged with a diagnosis of TIA during the study period, mean age was 62 ±15 years, 68% were female, 57% were African American, 17% had a history of prior stroke, 27% had history of cardiac disease, and mean ABCD2 score was 3.8 ±1.5. Overall, 19 (8%) patients had an abnormal bedside cardiac exam, 44 (19%) patients had an abnormal ECG, and 51 (22%) patients had an abnormal TTE including 18 with EF ≤ 45%, 6 with significant RWM abnormality, 9 with significant DD, 2 with clot, and 32 with positive bubble study; no valvular masses were seen. At 3 months, there was no significant difference in outcomes among patients with and without abnormalities on TTE (stroke 1.5% vs 1.8%, p=1.0; myocardial infarction 0 vs 1.2%, p=1.0). Among the 125 patients with no history of stroke or coronary artery disease and normal cardiac exam and ECG, TTE identified 5 (4%) patients with EF ≤ 45%, 17 (14%) patients with positive bubble study and no patients with significant RWM abnormalities, diastolic dysfunction, valvular mass, or clot; at 3 months, 2 (1.6%) of these patients had a stroke and no patients had a myocardial infarction. Conclusion: Among TIA patients with no history of stroke or coronary artery disease, normal cardiac exam, and normal ECG, TTE has a low yield.
Verifying Component-Based Software: Deep Mathematics or Simple Bookkeeping?

Anecdotal experience constructing proofs of correctness of code built from reusable software components reveals that they tend to be relatively trivial bookkeeping exercises: they rarely require a substantive mathematical deduction. A careful empirical analysis of hundreds of verification conditions (VCs) for a library of component-client code shows the level of sophistication each proof requires, and suggests how to use the results to characterize a notion of mathematical "obviousness."
Analysis of a Programmed Backoff Method for Parallel Processing on Ethernets

In many parallel processing applications, task times have relatively little variability. Accordingly, many nodes will complete a task at approximately the same time. If the application is run on an Ethernet, the near-simultaneity of the task completion times implies that when the tasks attempt to communicate with some central task manager, they will bump into each other. This in turn can cause a major slowdown in communication, as the Ethernet hardware generates unnecessarily long backoff times. The work here will analyze a solution to this problem.
Penicillin as a Plant Hormone

IN the course of investigations on the effects of some antibiotics on plant tissues in vitro, it was discovered that commercial penicillin sodium (Squibb) has a potent effect on the growth of excised fragments of sunflower stem tissue cultured on White's sucrose mineral agar. A concentration of 500 units per c.c. of this substance caused great proliferation of the cambial tissue without production of visible roots (Fig. a). 5 units per c.c. also caused proliferation of cambial tissue accompanied by an abundant production of roots (Fig.b). Stem tissue cultured in the absence of the antibiotic showed neither proliferation nor root production (Fig. c). As cambial proliferation and production of roots are both induced in sunflower stem tissue by indole acetic acid, fragments of stem tissue were also cultured in the presence of pure penicillins. The reactions of such stem fragments to different concentrations of these substances as well as to commercial penicillin and indole acetic acid are given in the accompanying table.
Control-Oriented Modeling of a Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell Stack Using an LPV Model Structure

For efficient operation, as well as to avoid operating conditions that can cause damage, fuel cells require a control system to balance fuel and air supply and electrical load. The need to maintain signal constraints during operation, combined with importance of unmeasured variables such as internal stack temperature or fuel utilization, indicate the need for control-oriented models that can be used for estimation and model predictive control. In this paper, we discuss the development of a control-oriented dynamic model of a solid oxide fuel cell stack. Using a detailed physical model as a starting point, we demonstrate the utility of a linear parameter varying (LPV) model structure as a mechanism for model reduction. A novel feature is a non-parametric method for determining the scheduling functions in this model.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Electrodeposition—A viable coating alternative

Abstract In this paper the metals and alloys which can be produced by electrodeposition are reviewed. Then, using copper as an example, the wide variation in properties that can be obtained with one metal are discussed.
Analysis and Design of a 0.6- to 10.5-GHz LNTA for Wideband Receivers

A low-noise transconductance amplifier (LNTA) for wideband receivers based on a $g_{m} $ -boosted current mirroring topology that operates over 0.6- to 10.5-GHz is presented. $g_{m}$ boosting relaxes the $G_{m}$ and $S_{11} $ bandwidth (BW) tradeoff and the noise figure (NF) and input matching tradeoff. The active feedback synthesizes a second-order input impedance profile that further extends the $S_{11}$ BW. Despite the high $G_{m} $ obtained over large BW, high linearity is maintained through the predistortion inherent in the current mirroring topology. The LNTA is used in a 65-nm CMOS wideband channelizing iterative downconversion receiver targeting spectrum and signal analysis for cognitive radio and performs active signal splitting across two paths with a total postlayout simulated $G_{m} $ of 242 mS (170 and 72 mS in paths 1 and 2, respectively). $S_{11}$ BW and $G_{m} $ BW both exceed 10.5 GHz. Minimum LNTA NFs simulated in the two paths are 4 and 4.8 dB, respectively. Simulated wideband IIP3 and blocker P1dB are +6 and +1.5 dBm, respectively. Measurements of a direct conversion receiver in path 2 closely match simulations.
TruSSCom: proposal for trustworthy service representation, selection and negotiation for integrating software systems

Integrating a distributed software system using publically available software services saves effort, time, and cost. One key step in this process is the service selection which identifies a relevant set of services for this integration. In an open service marketplace, it is hard to judge the trust of software services using a static view (consisting of service specifications) published by their developers. Instead, the concepts of trust in the context of services needs to be properly quantified, specified, negotiated, and then used in the selection process. Prevalent service selection and negotiation approaches do not consider the trust aspect of services. Trustworthy service representation, selection, and negotiation are challenging tasks due to the subjective and temporal nature of trust, lack of standards, and associated uncertainty. This proposal defines the trust of a service, quantifies the trust by monitoring and aggregating various evidences, represents the trust in the service specification and improves the service selection and negotiation process using this representation. Publically available software objects (from Java collection framework library) and mobile app services (from the Android marketplace) are used as datasets to empirically evaluate this proposal.
Thermoplastic elastomers via radical polymerization. I

Thermoplastic elastomers were synthesized using a method for preparation of block copolymers introduced by Tobolsky and Rembaum. A hydroxy-terminated polyester or polyether was chain extended with tolylene diisocyanate and capped with cumene hydroperoxide. The high molecular weight peroxycarbamate was used as initiator for polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate, or acrylonitrile monomer. Their physical properties were investigated by modulus–temperature curves. The effect of composition on modulus was also examined.
In vivo metabolite- antimetabolite relationships in antitumor therapy.

Abstract It is clear that the study in vivo of metabolite-antimetabolite relationships in the whole animal is feasible, and employing the methods of inhibition analysis it may provide an important approach to investigation of biochemical and pharmacological mechanisms. In the whole animal it is possible to obtain important evidence concerning the action of drugs with respect to the host-tumor relationship and to link these studies with both in vitro and in vivo fundamental biochemical investigations. The host-tumor relationship is subject to manipulation by the employment of combinations of metabolites and antimetabolites and the application of knowledge pertaining to how best to use such combinations. This may lead to improvement of antitumor therapy via the control of factors such as host toxicity and tumor cell resistance and the augmentation of specific antitumor action. Vigorous investigation of in vivo metabolite-antimetabolite relationships in antitumor therapy is indeed warranted.
On Understanding Grammar

Buku ini berkaitan dengan pemahaman terhadap bahasa dan tempatnya dalam kehidupan manusia. Sementara persoalan pokok yang dibahas adalah bagaimana struktur bahasa berperan dalam pengembangan bahasa itu sendiri; seperti misalnya mengenai metodologi, grammar dan fungsi, tentang logika versus bahasa, kasus semantik dan fungsi pragmatik, dll.nLebih jauh, buku ini juga mengkaji bagaimana perubahan bahasa bisa terjadi serta bagaimana keterkaitan bahasa dengan disiplin seperti filogeni dan ontologi.
The aberrant millipede genus Pteridoiulus and its position in a revised molecular phylogeny of the family Julidae (Diplopoda:Julida)

A phylogenetic analysis of 62 species (32 genera) of the Palaearctic millipede family Julidae, including the aberrant alpine genus Pteridoiulus Verhoeff, 1913, was made based on partial sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA (16S) gene and the nuclear 28S rRNA (28S) gene, respectively. The two datasets (16S rDNA and 28S rDNA) were analysed in combination but treated as different partitions using direct optimisation as implemented in POY. The 16S rDNA and the 28S rDNA sequences vary from 410 to 449 bp and from 467 to 525 bp in length, respectively. All searches were performed under six different gap opening costs, an extension gap cost of 1, and a substitution cost of 2. Based on previous investigations the optimal gap opening cost was set to 4, and the robustness of different gap opening costs ranging from 1 to 6 investigated. Additionally, the two data partitions were aligned individually using MAFTT and run in TNT both with gaps treated as a fifth state, and as missing, and finally the alignments were used as input in a maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. The order Julida and the family Julidae were recovered as monophyletic under all weight sets in POY, as well as in the TNT and ML analyses. Likewise, in all analyses Pteridoiulus was found to be sister to another monotypic alpine genus, Heteroiulus Verhoeff, 1897. The Pteridoiulus + Heteroiulus clade is robust to parameter changes but lacks morphological support. The distribution pattern of the clade, Pteridoiulus in the eastern Alps (mainly Austria), Heteroiulus in the southern Alps (Italy) seems unique, since similar patterns all involve very similar, closely related species pairs.
Intracellular Ca2+ regulates responsiveness of cardiac L-type Ca2+ current to protein kinase A: role of calmodulin

The goal of this study was to determine whether the protein kinase A (PKA) responsiveness of the cardiac L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) is affected during transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ conce...
Cloning and analysis of the HaeIII and HaeII methyltransferase genes.

The HaeIII methyltransferase (MTase) gene from Haemophilus aegyptius (recognition sequence: 5'-GGCC-3') was cloned into Escherichia coli in the plasmid vector pBR322. The gene was isolated on a single EcoRI fragment and on a single HindIII fragment. Clones carrying additional adjacent fragments were found to code also for the HaeII restriction endonuclease and HaeII modification MTase (recognition sequence: 5'-PuGCGCPy-3'). The sequence of the HaeIII modification gene was determined. The inferred amino acid sequence of the protein was found to share extensive similarity with other sequenced m5C-MTases. The central 'non-conserved' region of the M.HaeIII MTase, thought to form the nucleotide sequence-specificity domain, is almost identical to that of the M.BsuRI, M.BspRI and M.NgoPII MTases, which also recognize the sequence 5'-GGCC-3'.
Theory of gas sensors

Abstract A first-principles model describing the electrical response of metal oxide gas sensors is presented. The model is applied to the operation of the electrochemical ZrO2 sensor.
Towards scalable graph computation on mobile devices

Mobile devices have become increasingly central to our everyday activities, due to their portability, multi-touch capabilities, and ever-improving computational power. Such attractive features have spurred research interest in leveraging mobile devices for computation. We explore a novel approach that aims to use a single mobile device to perform scalable graph computation on large graphs that do not fit in the device's limited main memory, opening up the possibility of performing on-device analysis of large datasets, without relying on the cloud. Based on the familiar memory mapping capability provided by today's mobile operating systems, our approach to scale up computation is powerful and intentionally kept simple to maximize its applicability across the iOS and Android platforms. Our experiments demonstrate that an iPad mini can perform fast computation on large real graphs with as many as 272 million edges (Google+ social graph), at a speed that is only a few times slower than a 13” Macbook Pro. Through creating a real world iOS app with this technique, we demonstrate the strong potential application for scalable graph computation on a single mobile device using our approach.
Reevaluation of the criterion for interatrial block.

The importance of the interatrial block has often been overshadowed by the debate on the appropriate cutoff to define its excessively wide P waves. However, by far, most publications have accepted P waves of ≥110 ms to represent abnormal interatrial conduction on the electrocardiogram. These “guidelines” have been structured on anachronistic electrocardiographic standards mostly determined from references to earlier textbooks and other publications that often did not involve original work. As such, reevaluation of the top normal value for the P-wave duration in adults is probably long overdue. We reevaluated the prevalence of interatrial block in our previously published series of 500 outpatients using existing standards for normal P-wave values and compared these results with the previous known prevalence of interatrial block to generate this present report. In conclusion, the frequency of the mode duration for P waves (120 ms) suggests electrophysiologic reevaluation of the normal range.
Model structure adequacy analysis: selecting models on the basis of their ability to answer scientific questions

Models carry the meaning of science. This puts a tremendous burden on the process of model selection. In general practice, models are selected on the basis of their relative goodness of fit to data penalized by model complexity. However, this may not be the most effective approach for selecting models to answer a specific scientific question because model fit is sensitive to all aspects of a model, not just those relevant to the question. Model Structural Adequacy analysis is proposed as a means to select models based on their ability to answer specific scientific questions given the current understanding of the relevant aspects of the real world.
Evaluating Antarctic sea ice variability and its teleconnections in global climate models

This study evaluates simulated Antarctic sea ice edge (SIE) variability and its teleconnections in three global coupled climate models (GISS, NCAR and GFDL) against the observations. All models do a reasonable job in simulating the seasonal advance and retreat of the Antarctic sea ice fields. The simulated GISS and NCAR SIE distributions are in agreement with observations in summer and autumn, whereas the GFDL model does best in spring and winter. A common problem is the poor simulation of the observed SIE in the Weddell Sea. All models are not particularly good at simulating the observed regionally varying SIE trends. A comparison of dominant empirical orthogonal function modes of surface air temperature (SAT) variability in each model associated with observed modes show that the models generally capture features of the more prominent covarying spatial patterns such as an El Ni˜ no–southern oscillation (ENSO)-like pattern in the tropical Pacific. The simulated teleconnection patterns between detrended Antarctic SIE anomalies and detrended global SAT anomalies in each model are evaluated for comparison with observed teleconnection patterns. All models capture the ENSO-like phenomenon to some degree. Also, the GISS and NCAR models capture the Antarctic dipole pattern and meridional banding structure through the Pacific. The Antarctic SIE regions showing the strongest extrapolar teleconnections differ among the models and between the models and observations. Almost all models miss the observed polar–extrapolar teleconnections in the central Indian, western extreme of the tropical and southern Pacific, and over the tropical continents. Copyright  2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
New coordinatively unsaturated acyliridium(III) compounds including a new pyruvoyl complex. Synthesis, kinetics and thermochemistry

The reaction of acyl chlorides with trans-[IrCl(N2)(PPh3)2] has been used to prepare new examples of coordinatively unsaturated acyliridum(III) complexes, {IrCl2[C(O)R](PPh3)2} (R = CH2Cl, CH2OPh, C(O)OEt, CH2CH2C(O)OMe or C(O)CH3). In the case of ethyl malonyl chloride a chelated complex is obtained: {IrCl2[C(O)CH2C(O)OEt](PPh3)2}. All of these complexes undergo a spontaneous migration reaction to give the coordinatively saturated product [IrCl2R(CO)(PPh3)2]. The coordinatively unsaturated pyruvoyl complex behaves atypically. Exposure of the solid to light yields the acetyl complex, {IrCl2[C(O)CH3](CO)(PPh3)2}, while heating the solid in the dark yields the methyl complex, [IrCl2(CH3)(CO)(PPh3)2]. A coordinatively saturated pyru- voyl complex is obtained by addition of pyruvoyl chloride to Vaska's complex. The rates of migration of CH2Cl, CH2OPh and C(O)OEt were determined in ethylene dichloride solution and the ground state enthalpy change for the migration of these groups was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry as was that for conversion of {IrCl2[C(O)C(O)CH3](PPh3)2} to [IrCl2(CH3)(CO)(PPh3)2] + CO.
Harnessing environmental contingencies to enhance social skills: The case of Mike J.

This article presents a clinical case conceptualization and possible treatment plan for a 13-year-old Caucasian male currently residing at the Boys Town treatment facility. The youngster's presenting problems are conceptualized using a behavioral/cognitive-behavioral model. An assessment plan employing functional analyses of behavior, as well as data gathered from rating scales and self-report instruments, is recommended to evaluate the presence and nature of the youth's behavior problems (social-skills deficits, potential attentional problems, and anxiety). An intervention based on a contextualized framework of social-skills assessment, treatment, and generalization is suggested, and adjunctive interventions for unique features of the case are offered. Potential problems of comorbidity and failure to generalize are discussed, and realistic expectations for outcome addressed.
Response ofZea mays andLycopersicon esculentum to the ethylene precursors, L-methionine and L-ethionine applied to soil

Glasshouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of L-methionine (L-MET) and L-ethionine (L-ETH) added to soil on the growth of corn (Zea mays L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), respectively. The application of L-MET and L-ETH stimulated C2H4 production in soil by 299- and 313-fold, respectively, over an unamended control. An L-MET treatment of 1.85 mg kg−1 soil was the most effective in increasing shoot height, shoot fresh weight, internodal distance, and stem diameter in two corn cultivars, Kandy Korn and Miracle, while shoot and root dry weights, leaf width, uppermost leaf collar base distance and resistance to stem breaking were increased in the case of Kandy Korn only. A significant epinastic response was observed in the second and third leaves of tomato plants when soil was treated with L-ETH. An L-ETH treatment of 0.2 mg kg−1 soil resulted in the maximum fresh fruit yield, while 0.02 and 2.0 mg kg−1 gave the most fruit and greater average weight of fresh fruit, respectively. Concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 2.0 mg L-ETH kg−1 soil initiated early fruit formation. Early fruit ripening was observed with an application rate of 20 mg L-ETH kg−1 soil. The mechanism of action of these chemicals could either be attributed to i) substrate-dependent C2H4 production in soil by the indigenous microflora, ii) uptake directly by plant roots followed by metabolism within the tissues, and/or iii) a change in the balance of rhizosphere microflora affecting plant growth.
Why do developing countries resist global trade agreements

Abstract Although the Doha Development Round was launched with much promise for developing countries in 2001, the global trade negotiations have collapsed. One of the reasons for the lack of progress in the negotiation is the developed countries' unwillingness to reduce their enormous farm domestic subsidies and massive agricultural trade distortions. The developing countries' economies are characterized by heavy dependence on farm sector, labor-intensive agriculture, and persistent unemployment. Consequently, rich nations' unfair agricultural policies are detrimental to the well-being of poor exporting countries. This study develops a model incorporating developed countries' domestic and trade policies and developing countries' economic characteristics to illustrate the adverse effects of rich countries' policies on poor countries. We show that elimination of developed countries' policies will increase the world prices of agricultural commodities, which will benefit the farm-dependent developing countries.
SYNTAX OF WHY-IN-SITU: MERGE INTO (SPEC,CP) IN THE OVERT SYNTAX*

This paper proposes that ‘why’ in wh-in-situ languages (Korean, Japanese, and Chinese) is directly merged into [Spec,CP] of the clause it modifies. This proposal not only captures long-standing issues regarding the peculiarity of ‘why’, as opposed to other wh-phrases, but also accounts for previously unnoticed asymmetries among why-constructions. In particular, I argue that due to its initial merge position, ‘why’ in an interrogative clause is licensed with external merge while ‘why’ in a declarative clause must undergo LF-movement. This argument is supported by the non-uniform behavior of ‘why’ with respect to the Intervention Effect in Korean and Japanese (cf. Beck and Kim 1997) and is further confirmed by the question-marker drop phenomenon in Japanese. Under this proposal, a puzzling divergence between Chinese and Korean/Japanese in why-constructions is reduced to the fact that Chinese disallows A′-scrambling. The proposal also captures a syntactic parallelism between ‘why’ in wh-in-situ languages and ‘why’ in wh-fronting languages, like Italian and Irish. Among the theoretical consequences of this paper is a demonstration that a subject may scramble (cf. Saito 1985) and that string-vacuous scrambling is responsible for judgment variations concerning the Intervention Effect.
An early intervention program for developmentally at-risk toddlers and their mothers

This study explores a program devised to enhance the normal development of toddlers whose psychological development was jeopardized by their mothers' emotional difficulties. Theory about separation-individuation suggests that mothers who are depressed or narcissistically preoccupied will be unable to participate in required ways in their toddlers' development. It was hoped that as the mothers' concerns about separation-individuation were addressed within a time-limited group, the mothers would be enabled to handle more adequately their toddlers' separation and individuation. A six-month course of weekly meetings with five mother-toddler dyads brought about significant changes in the developmental progress of the toddlers and enhanced the mothers' participation in the separation-individuation process.
A Tubal Cyst in the Domestic Fowl

Abstract While obstruction of the oviduct in the domestic fowl is fairly common, the resulting cyst in the present case was so large as to merit a passing note. The hen from which the mass was taken was brought to the writer on October 26, 1917, by a student in the State University. This hen, a White Leghorn, was thought to be four years old. Up to the time when she was killed for cooking purposes she was perfectly healthy, and all of her other organs, when examined, had the appearance of perfect health. Her appetite was good. Her owner stated that, for some time, a hen, probably this one, in his small flock had been occasionally laying, usually from the perch, a long slender, soft-shelled egg without yolk. The photograph shows the ovary, oviduct, etc., as they appeared when removed from the body; the six-inch rule gives an idea of . . .
Can a machine outperform a clinician in interpreting ultrasound images

This paper deals with a method of detecting and estimating the scatterer spacing between the regularly spaced resolvable coherent scatterers in tissue. Scatterer spacing has been successfully used in classifying tissue structure, in differentiating between normal and cirrhotic liver, and in detecting diffuse liver disease. This paper presents a Wold decomposition of the radio frequency (rf) field into its diffused and coherent components from which maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) or minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimates of the scattering spacing are easily computed. The MLE are efficient and for relatively long record are unbiased. They result in accurate estimates in low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios. Unfortunately, they require nonlinear minimization and knowledge of the probability density associated with the rf backscatter echo. The MMSE estimates, on the other hand, are computational simple, yield unique closed form solutions, do not require a priori knowledge of the probability distribution function of the backscatter echo, and result in accurate estimates in low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios. The paper also presents an unbiased decision rule to detect whether or not an rf echo exhibits any specular scattering relative to the wavelength of the interrogating ultrasonic pulse. The approach has been tried on simulations as well as on in vivo scans of liver data, and appears to perform well.
Different weighting approaches for performing heterogeneous correlation

In this paper we introduce three weighting algorithms for performing shift-invariant heterogeneous phase-restricted correlation filters that are capable of identifying an object as belonging to a certain class while rejecting any object that is not a member of that class. We compare the performance of these highly discriminative filters to the performance of the phase-only filter, and the non- discriminative matched correlation filter, in similar circumstances. Even when the proposed filters achieved proper classification, the intensities of the correlation from heterogenous targets were much smaller than those from homogeneous targets. To increase the intensities of these hetero-correlation peaks relative to the autocorrelation peaks, we also introduced a fractional power law into the filter's transfer function, thereby controlling the rejection capability of the filter.
Embodying Women's Stories for Community Awareness and Social Action.

This article highlights four concepts related to embodied knowledge for community awareness: possibilities, risk, collective engagement, and performance.
Hypertrabeculation vs Left Ventricular Noncompaction on Echocardiogram: A Reason to Restrict Athletic Participation?

Importance Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare cause of progressive cardiomyopathy thought to result from incomplete myocardial development. It has been associated with an increased risk of sudden death, especially in those with a depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. Thus, the current recommendation for patients with this diagnosis is restriction from participation in competitive sports. Observations An asymptomatic 18-year-old African American collegiate football player had a murmur on his preparticipation physical examination. Subsequent cardiology workup revealed hypertrabeculation vs LVNC. Second and third opinions were sought from national experts in the field: one gave the diagnosis of LVNC and recommended restriction; the other gave the diagnosis of hypertrabeculation. After a family meeting including the player, mother, team physician, and consulting cardiologist, the player was permitted to participate in football. Conclusions and Relevance Distinguishing between pathologic LVNC and physiologic hypertrabeculation is a diagnostic challenge and is becoming increasingly commonplace with enhanced echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging modalities. Given the limited data on such patients, careful workup and discussion between patient and providers is required.
Fermi surface of white tin from magnetoacoustic measurements

Abstract Magnetoacoustic measurements have been made on single crystals of white tin at several frequencies in the range 10–100 Mc/s. From the magnetoacoustic oscillations some dimensions of the Fermi surfaces of tin have been deduced. The results are in agreement with experimental data obtained by other investigators, and they agree to some extent with the surface suggested by the free electron approximation. It is suggested that the hole surface in zone 4 has a main open direction along [110] and a secondary one along [100]. The high field attenuation was also studied, and the results are consistent with the topology of the surface indicated by the magnetoacoustic oscillations.
Single quantum dot (QD) imaging of fluid flow near surfaces

We introduce the use of quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles for near-surface velocimetry and provide preliminary data to demonstrate its feasibility. Evanescent wave illumination is used to image the motion of water-soluble (CdSe)ZnS QDs with a core size of 6 nm within a region of order 100 nm of a surface . Results are presented for the two in-plane components of the velocity field.
Progress in the development of parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) methodology for analyzing propulsive jet mixing problems

A brief review of 2D PNS methodology is first presented which describes the specialized features of supersonic shock-capturing and subsonic pressure-split models required for the analysis of aircraft, rocket and scramjet jet mixing problems. These features include techniques for dealing with various types of embedded and interfacing subsonic regions, the inclusion of finite-rate chemistry and the direct-coupling with potential flow solutions. Preliminary 3D extensions of this PNS methodology geared to supersonic and subsonic rectangular free jet mixing problems are also reviewed. New 3D PNS work will be described which includes the development of a hybrid supersonic/subsonic free jet mixing model, and, a supersonic model geared to the analysis of turbulent mixing and combustion processes occurring in scramjet combustor/nozzle flowfields.
NMR chemistry analysis of red blood cell constituents in normal subjects and lithium-treated psychiatric patients

Red blood cells from 18 lithium carbonate-treated patients with bipolar affective disorder and 12 normal volunteers were analyzed using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The spectra were analyzed for alanine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), choline, 2,3-diphosphoglycerol, glucose, glutathione, glycine, and lactate. Significant elevations of choline and lactate were found in the lithium-treated patients compared with normal, unmedicated subjects. The elevation of lactate due to anaerobic metabolism in the red blood cells was further investigated via fluorometric analysis and appears to be caused by blood standing at room temperature. The observed increases in red blood cell choline are sufficiently high and statistically significant to warrant additional studies on the dramatic effects of lithium on this red cell metabolite, which might be important for an understanding of its mechanism of action in psychiatric disorders.
Addition of Soybeans or Methionine Analog to High-Concentrate Rations for Dairy Cows

Abstract Twelve lactating cows were used in two trials with a 3×3 Latin square design. In each trial, control rations were compared with the addition of methionine analog or ground soybeans. In Trial l the concentrate-to-roughage ratio was 3:1 whereas in Trial 2 it was 2:1. In Trial 1 the addition of soybeans resulted in a significant decrease in milk production (18.3 versus 15.4kg/day) and milk fat percentage (2.5 versus 1.8%). Weight percentages of rumen acetate and butyrate were significantly decreased while those of propionate increased significantly. There was a marked increase in the unsaturation of circulating lipids as well as milk fat. Some scouring and feed refusals occurred during soybean feeding. Feeding methionine decreased butyric acid concentration in the rumen; no other tested component was altered. In Trial 2, feeding soybeans slightly increased milk fat percentage compared to controls (3.8 versus 3.6%). Soybeans did not alter milk yield or rumen volatile fatty acid patterns. No deleterious side effects were observed. Methionine analog had no significant effect on milk fat test, yield, circulating lipids, or rumen volatile fatty acid percentages.
Prevention of Plutonium Deposition by Desferrioxamine- B

IN selecting chelating agents to test their ability to remove internally deposited metals, the magnitude of the stability constant of the complex is an obvious criterion. Schubert1 rightly points out that a more practical guide is the ratio of the stability constant of the chelate, KML, to that for omnipresent calcium, KCaL. This situation is illustrated in Table 1 for Fe (III) and Ca (II).
Reflections on the “right to be informed”

Abstract In this article, the author uses a passage from Bernard Fry's 1978 NCLIS report as a point of departure for defending the public's “right to be informed” in light of tumultuous recent issues surrounding public policy in the dissemination of government information. The author treats, in turn, the U.S. Government Printing Office's reluctance to disseminate machine-readable government information through the depository library program, the federal government's historically poor performance in the timely dissemination of its information, the current administration's abridgement of government publishing and information dissemination, and the effect of recent budget cutbacks on the government's statistical programs.
Expression of the DisA amino acid decarboxylase from Proteus mirabilis inhibits motility and class 2 flagellar gene expression in Escherichia coli

In Proteus mirabilis, a putative phenylalanine decarboxylase (DisA) acts in a regulatory pathway to inhibit class 2 flagellar gene expression and motility. In this study, we demonstrate that DisA expression in Escherichia coli blocked motility and resulted in a 50-fold decrease in the expression of class 2 (fliA) and class 3 (fliC) flagellar genes. However, the expression of flhDC encoding the class 1 activator of the flagellar cascade was unchanged by DisA expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels. Phenethylamine, a decarboxylation product derived from phenylalanine, was able to mimic DisA overexpression and decrease both motility and class 2/3 flagellar gene expression. In addition, both DisA overexpression and phenethylamine strongly inhibited biofilm formation in E. coli. DisA overexpression and exogenous phenethylamine could also reduce motility in other enteric bacteria, but had no effect on motility in non-enteric Gram-negative bacteria. It is hypothesized that phenethylamine or a closely related compound formed by the DisA decarboxylation reaction inhibits the formation or activity of the FlhD(4)C(2) complex required for activation of class 2 genes.
Large amounts of extinct Al-26 in interstellar grains from the Murchison meteorite

It is reported here that interstellar graphite and SiC grains recovered from the Murchison CM2 chondritic meteorite have large abundances of Mg-26 from the decay of extinct Al-26. The deduced initial Al-26/Al-27 ratios range up to 0.06 in graphite and 0.2 in SiC. This is 1200 to 4000 times the maximum values found in refractory inclusions in primitive meteorites. All proposed stellar sources of carbonaceous dust also produced Al-26, but the highest Al-26/Al-27 ratios found in these grains seem to rule out Wolf-Rayet stars and supernovae. The aluminum abundance correlates with that of nitrogen, suggesting that the aluminum condensed as aluminum nitride.
Influence of uncertainties on the response and reliability of self-adaptive composite rotors

Abstract Advanced composite structures are becoming increasingly popular because of their high specific strength and stiffness, as well as ability to provide improved performance through passive morphing via intrinsic bend–twist deformation coupling. Self-adaptive composite structures tend to be more susceptible to geometric, material, and loading uncertainties because of their complex configuration, manufacturing process, and dependence on fluid–structure interaction (FSI) response. The objective of this work is to quantify the effects of material, geometric, and loading uncertainties on the response of self-adaptive composite propellers and overall system reliability. A fully-coupled, 3-D boundary element method–finite element method is used to compute the dynamic FSI response. Variability in propeller performance is estimated by considering variations in operating conditions, as well as blade geometry and stiffness. Modeling uncertainties are considered by employing various mechanistic-based failure initiation models. Random variations in material strengths are implemented and an estimate of the structural reliability is determined. The results indicate that adaptive composite structures that depend on FSI are more sensitive to natural, random variations than equivalent rigid, isotropic structures. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the effects of material, geometric, and loading uncertainties on the responses, safe operating envelopes, and reliability of self-adaptive composite structures.
Family and Professional Considerations for Adoptive Parents of Children with Special Needs

Parenting a child with a disability can be a source of stress and strain on marital and family relationships. Early research focused on the pathology or maladjustment in families raising a child with a disability. More recent research identified positive adjustment in families and uncovers potential difference factors when comparing adoptive and birth families raising children with special needs. Identifying specific parent and family characteristics that contribute to the adjustment to parenting a child with a disability and distinguishing between parents and families who purposely chose to adopt a child with special needs and parents and families who rear a birth child with special needs are critical for educating professionals working with expectant parents, adoptive parents, and families. Identification of these characteristics can inform professionals regarding services or interventions that may help families experiencing difficulty adjusting to a child with special needs and can also support familie...
Effects of acute behavioral stress and LPS-induced cytokine release on growth and energetics in mice

We examined the biological cost of a single episode of acute restraint stress on the growth and energetics of mice, and compared these effects with the effects of stress associated with LPS injection and the total cost of experiencing both stressors simultaneously. We monitored growth and energetics over a 24-h period in 31-day-old mice exposed to either 4 h of restraint stress (R), i.p. injection of 0.45 mg/g of lipopolysaccharide (L), or restraint plus L injection (RL). Compared to controls, either restraint or L significantly (p 100% lower than controls) body weight change. However, when applied in concert, the effect of restraint and LPS on growth, energy deposition, and feed intake did not summate. All stressors significantly increased circulating corticosterone (p < 0.05) at 1 and 4 h following the initiation of treatment, and there was no difference between the R, L, or RL treatments. Only L and RL increased (p < 0.05) circulating IL-1b at 1 and 4 h. LPS injection elevated (p < 0.05) IL-1b. Although a single episode of behavioral stress altered growth and energy partitioning, LPS-induced cytokine release inhibited energy deposition and growth to a greater extent than behavioral stress (p < 0.05), and no further suppression of energy deposition or growth occurred when the two stresssors were combined over 24 h.
Involvement of Protein Kinase C in Regulating Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Stimulated Progesterone Production in Rat Preovulatory Follicles in Vitro*

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) increased progesterone production in preovulatory rat follicles in vitro. More than 1 h in the presence of TNF was needed to enhance progesterone secretion, which was only seen after 24 h of culture. Neither cAMP nor cGMP levels in media and follicles increased either at short (5–20 min) or long periods (6–24 h) after TNF stimulation. The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, H-7, blocked TNF-stimulated progesterone in a dose-dependent manner (1–300 mM), with 50% inhibition corresponding to 5.2 μM H-7, it also blocked LH-stimulated progesterone production, but higher doses were needed (50% inhibition corresponding to 54.5 nM H- 7). However, the cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, HA1004, did not block TNF stimulated progesterone. The PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), increased progesterone maximally at 32 nM and above. Low doses of PMA in combination with TNF increased progesterone levels above that stimulated by PMA alone; however with the high...
Historical Mercury Releases from Commercial Products: Global Environmental Implications

The intentional use of mercury (Hg) in products and processes (“commercial Hg”) has contributed a large and previously unquantified anthropogenic source of Hg to the global environment over the industrial era, with major implications for Hg accumulation in environmental reservoirs. We present a global inventory of commercial Hg uses and releases to the atmosphere, water, soil, and landfills from 1850 to 2010. Previous inventories of anthropogenic Hg releases have focused almost exclusively on atmospheric emissions from “byproduct” sectors (e.g., fossil fuel combustion). Cumulative anthropogenic atmospheric Hg emissions since 1850 have recently been estimated at 215 Gg (only including commercial Hg releases from chlor-alkali production, waste incineration, and mining). We find that other commercial Hg uses and nonatmospheric releases from chlor-alkali and mining result in an additional 540 Gg of Hg released to the global environment since 1850 (air: 20%; water: 30%; soil: 30%; landfills: 20%). Some of this...
Development, distribution, and lipid content of diet-induced atherosclerotic lesions of rhesus monkeys.

Abstract Twenty-two rhesus monkeys were fed an atherogenic diet containing 1 mg of cholesterol/kcal for 4, 6, or 18 months. Serum total cholesterol, glycerides, and lipoprotein cholesterol were estimated at various intervals. At the end of each study period the monkeys were killed and the extent and severity of atherosclerosis were evaluated at necropsy and histopathologically. Specimens of normal-appearing aorta, fatty streaks, and atheromatous plaques from within each dietary group were pooled and aorta cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, and lipid phosphorous were measured. Four rhesus monkeys fed monkey food were examined similarly for comparison. All but one monkey fed the atherogenic diet had serum total cholesterol in excess of 600 mg/100 ml without hypertriglyceridemia. Betalipoproteins transported 95% of the serum total cholesterol. Thoracic aorta fatty streaks predominated in monkeys fed 4 or 6 months and abdominal aorta plaques were seen only in monkeys fed 18 months. Grossly visible coronary artery plaques were seen in 2 of 4 monkeys fed the diet 4 months, all 6 monkeys fed 6 months, and 11 of 12 monkeys on diet 18 months. Coronary artery atherosclerosis affected only the epicardial main coronary arteries. The concentration of aorta cholesterol of control monkeys was 2.1 mg/gm wet aorta, with 30% being cholesteryl esters, and the phospholipid cholesterol ratio was 2.41:1. Cholesterol accumulated in the aorta of cholesterol-fed monkeys to about 7 to 8 mg/gm before fatty streaks were visible to the unaided eye. The major alterations in lipid concentrations consisted of increases in total aorta cholesterol with a marked increase in cholesteryl esters which, in some pooled samples, exceeded the concentration of unesterified cholesterol. Phospholipids also accumulated in fatty streaks and plaques but to a lesser extent than cholesterol so that the decrease in phospholipid cholesterol ratio was greatest in aortic plaques.
Monte Carlo simulation study of an Ising superlattice structure

Abstract A simple model of a compositionally modulated magnetic material with superlattice structure is studied using mean-field theory and Monte Carlo simulations. A comparison of the results obtained by these two methods is discussed. The model has nearest-neighbour Ising interactions which are modulated to reflect a superlattice structure. Phase diagrams are obtained for two and three dimensional lattices and in the case of two dimensions are compared with exact results. The magnetization profile is obtained as a function of temperature.