cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cognitive changes associated with endocrine therapy for breast cancer

Endocrine therapy in the setting of breast cancer has undoubtedly advanced clinical outcomes in this disease, but treatment with endocrine therapy is accompanied by a wide spectrum of side effects. It is of prime importance to understand and characterize these toxicities to facilitate clinical decision-making. Somewhat surprisingly, there is a relative paucity of data pertaining to cognitive changes associated with endocrine therapy. In this article we review cognitive associated with two classes of endocrine therapy: (1) selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs; tamoxifen and raloxifene) and (2) aromatase inhibitors (AIs; anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane). Companion studies to the Multiple Outcome of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE), the Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) and National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) P-1 trials provide relevant data to understand the effect of SERMs on cognition. In contrast, substudies of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination (ATAC), Tamoxifen and Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) and Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 trials juxtapose cognitive effects of AIs against those of tamoxifen. These and other studies are examined herein to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of endocrine therapy on cognition.
Taro Cropping Systems in the Southeast Asian-Pacific Region: Archaeological Evidence

Question One The recency of detailed prehistoric archaeological research in the region compared to areas such as Europe and the Middle East is an oft-reported and laboured point. This does mean, however, that particular forms of analysis bearing on the prehistory of plant use which have been utilized extensively elsewhere are only now being or have yet to be applied in the area. While it is true that grain crops such as rice are easier to detect in the archaeological record than are the remains of tuberous crops, the search for the latter is by no means as hopeless a cause as has been assumed by various archaeologists. Much more research could be
High Risk Behaviors and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Men in Tanzania

We assessed the association between risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men. We interviewed 794 men randomly selected from Moshi district of Tanzania. Blood and urine samples were tested for STIs. About 46% of the men tested positive for at least one STI including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), herpes simplex virus (HSV-2), syphilis, chlamydia, trichomonas, and mycoplasma infection. Multiple sexual partners, casual sex, alcohol abuse, and older age were associated with higher odds of having an STI. Effective STI prevention programs in sub-Saharan Africa should have components aimed at addressing modifiable risk behaviors in men.
GALL BLADDER DISEASE (GBD) IN CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL DISEASE (SS)

The present study was carried out to determine the incidence and clinical manifestations of GBD in children with SS. Thirty-two SS patients ranging in age from 2 to 17 years (mean 9.3) had oral cholecystography (OC) performed and in addition 6 of these had sonography. On OC 6 patients aged 17, 16, 16, 13, 6 and 3 years had evidence of GBD. Two had non-opaque and one opaque stones and in 3 there was no visualization after repeat OC with a double dose of telepaque. Of the 6 patients who had sonography 2 were normal and 4 had abnormal gall bladders consistent with chronic choleystitis without demonstrating cholelithiasis. OC on these 6 patients revealed that 2 had normal gall bladders, 3 had non-functioning gall bladders and 1 had non-opaque stones. GBD in these patients did not seem to correlate with the incidence of painful abdominal crises. The incidence of GBD in this series was 18% which is higher than that previously reported in children with SS. Since the incidence of severe symptoms and/or complications of cholelithiasis is about 50$ with an overall mortality of 2.7% within the first five years in unoperated patients (Lund, J.: Ann. Surg. 151:153, 1960) the presence of gallstones in children with SS is an indication for elective cholecystectomy.
Preparation of monoclonal antibody-ferritin conjugates of high specific activity

125I-monoclonal IgG anti-gamma chain antibodies were conjugated to ferritin using glutaraldehyde as a bifunctional reagent. The molar ratio of IgG:ferritin:glutaraldehyde resulting in the highest yield was determined. Free IgG was separated from IgG bound to ferritin by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation; free ferritin was separated from antibody-ferritin conjugates by differential salt precipitation. The IgF:ferritin molar ratio of the resulting product was 1∶1.4, contained over 90% ferritin-IgG “monomers”; 70–90% of the 125I activity bound immunospecifically to sepharose-IgG or aggregated human globulin (AHG). The product was used as an immunologic EM marker for AHG. Monoclonal antibody-ferritin conjugates prepared by this method should prove useful for quantitative ultrastructural analysis of surface antigens.
Numerical solution of stochastic differential equations with Poisson and Lévy white noise.

A fixed time step method is developed for integrating stochastic differential equations (SDE's) with Poisson white noise (PWN) and L\'evy white noise (LWN). The method for integrating SDE's with PWN has the same structure as that proposed by Kim et al. [Phys. Rev. E 76, 011109 (2007)], but is established by using different arguments. The integration of SDE's with LWN is based on a representation of L\'evy processes by sums of scaled Brownian motions and compound Poisson processes. It is shown that the numerical solutions of SDE's with PWN and LWN converge weakly to the exact solutions of these equations, so that they can be used to estimate not only marginal properties but also distributions of functionals of the exact solutions. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the applications and the accuracy of the proposed integration algorithms.
Children's attributions of intentions to an invisible agent.

Children ages 3–9 years were informed that an invisible agent (Princess Alice) would help them play a forced-choice game by “telling them, somehow, when they chose the wrong box,” whereas a matched control group of children were not given this supernatural prime. On 2 unexpected event trials, an experimenter triggered a simulated unexpected event (i.e., a light turning on/off; a picture falling), and children’s behavioral response to these events (i.e., moving their hand to the opposite box) was coded. Results showed a significant Age Group Experimental Condition interaction; the only children to reliably alter their behavior in response to the unexpected events were the oldest children (M 7 years 4 months), who were primed with the invisible agent concept. For children’s posttest verbal explanations, also, only these children saw the unexpected events as being referential and declarative (e.g., “Princess Alice did it because I chose the wrong box”). Together, these data suggest that children may not regularly begin to see communicative signs as embedded in unexpected events until they are around 7 years of age.
Autofluorescence as a confound in the determination of calcium levels in hippocampal slices using fura-2AM dye

Recent publications have reported calcium level determinations in slices of brain using imaging techniques and the dye fura-2AM. In general these studies ignore or deal only perfunctorily with the problem of autofluorescence in slices. This confound, which is a result of the pyridine nucleotides that are normally present in tissue, has been previously reported to interfere with Ca2+ measurements in slices. Because these pyridine compounds are involved in cell metabolism, the fluorescence intensity is labile over time following experimental manipulations. We were studying Ca2+ levels in hippocampal slices using standard imaging techniques. We found significant and variable autofluorescence at the wavelengths used for calcium determination which interfered with data interpretation in fura-treated slices. The intensity of this autofluorescence is an additive effect and is not large enough to be observed when imaging monolayers. In this paper we present a method for conducting experiments and analyzing data that decreases interference from autofluorescence. Experiments were carried out on both slices bulk loaded with fura-2AM and slices loaded with control buffer. A point to point subtraction of the control slice values gave representative calcium fluorescence values. Hippocampal slices were challenged with sodium cyanide or kainic acid. The metabolic response, seen in the fura-free slices, and the calcium response varied within and between these two treatments. Regional differences in the hippocampal sub fields were also demonstrated in response to the two treatments. These corresponded to known regional vulnerabilities to cyanide and kainate. We conclude that autofluorescence in slices need be considered when determining calcium concentrations using fura-2AM.
The Gootter registry. Guiding our outcomes to terminal electrical rhythms - A CMR study of ICD events

Introduction Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major health problem, accounting for nearly 1000 deaths in the US daily. Clinical trials have proved a survival benefit with ICD implantation in patients with a LVEF <30-35%. However, it has been estimated that of the 2 million ICD's currently implanted, only 5% ever fire to correct a deadly arrhythmia. Also, many patients who would benefit from a prophylactic ICD are not considered candidates for implantation suggesting our criteria are inaccurate. Clearly, an accurate predictor of deadly cardiac arrhythmias has yet to be identified.
Design principles: crowdfunding as a creativity support tool

Creativity supports societal and economic prosperity. As such, HCI researchers have been concerned with creating technologies to support creativity. Crowdfunding offers a new type of creativity support tool where creators rely on the crowd to collect, create, relate, and donate creative work. With the rapid growth of crowdfunding platforms, design principles are needed to guide platform development. This paper presents design principles informed by Shneiderman's Genex Framework for creativity support tools in order for designers to answer the call from Human Computer Interaction (HCI) to empower more people to be more creative.
On the origin of size-dependent and size-independent crystal growth: Influence of advection and diffusion

Crystal growth experiments were conducted using potassium alum and calcite crystals in aqueous solution under both non-stirred and stirred conditions to elucidate the mechanism for size-dependent (proportionate) and size-independent (constant) crystal growth. Growth by these two laws can be distinguished from each other because the relative size difference among crystals is maintained during proportionate growth, leading to a constant crystal size variance (β 2 ) for a crystal size distribution (CSD) as the mean size increases. The absolute size difference among crystals is maintained during constant growth, resulting in a decrease in size variance. Results of these experiments show that for centimeter-sized alum crystals, proportionate growth occurs in stirred systems, whereas constant growth occurs in non-stirred systems. Accordingly, the mechanism for proportionate growth is hypothesized to be related to the supply of reactants to the crystal surface by advection, whereas constant growth is related to supply by diffusion. Paradoxically, micrometer-sized calcite crystals showed proportionate growth both in stirred and in non-stirred systems. Such growth presumably results from the effects of convection and Brownian motion, which promote an advective environment and hence proportionate growth for minute crystals in non-stirred systems, thereby indicating the importance of solution velocity relative to crystal size. Calcite crystals grown in gels, where fluid motion was minimized, showed evidence for constant, diffusion-controlled growth. Additional investigations of CSDs of naturally occurring crystals indicate that proportionate growth is by far the most common growth law, thereby suggesting that advection, rather than diffusion, is the dominant process for supplying reactants to crystal surfaces.
Diving behaviour of an immature Kemp's ridley turtle ( Lepidochelys kempii ) from Gullivan Bay, Ten Thousand Islands, south-west Florida

We report on the first successfully deployed time-depth recorder on an immature Kemp's ridley turtle in a coastal foraging habitat in south-west Florida. The turtle exhibited three distinct dive patterns interpreted as: post release stress (26 h) post release transition (8 h) and normal (>34 h). The normal pattern consists of short periods on the surface followed by longer periods on the bottom in 2–3 m of water which we speculate is foraging behaviour. Overall, the turtle spent 94% of the time submerged during the normal period. The turtle spent significantly more time submerged at night than during the day, suggesting the turtle was resting. Night dives were consistently longer than dawn, day or dusk dives.
Collapsing losses of peak signal integrators

Collapsing losses are computed for systems in which the peak return of K samples of noise plus one sample of signal-plus-noise are integrated over N looks. The statistical approach, collapsing losses, and an application are described. The peak integrator is found to have substantially lower collapsing losses than conventional systems in which the average, not the peak, is integrated. >
The Use of the Theory of Planned Behavior to Assess Predictors of Intention to Eat Fruits Among 9th-Grade Students Attending Two Public High Schools in Eastern North Carolina

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify specific beliefs regarding eating two cups of fruits among ninth-grade youth attending public high schools in easternNorth Carolinautilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Methods: A preliminary open-ended questionnaire was used to elicit beliefs about fruits. These beliefs along with statements adopted from the literature tailored toward fruit intake were used to develop a survey instrument. This survey was subsequently used to measure the variables of the TPB. There were 157 students (103 girls [65.6%], mean ±SD age =14.69 ±0.79 and 54 boys [34.4%], mean ±SD age = 14.74 ±0.89) from two schools who completed the final copy of the survey. Results: Attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control significantly predicted intention to eat fruits, accounting for 55% of variance. Conclusion: The findings of this research suggest that peer leaders may have a significant influence on intentions to eat fruits.
Multipole expansion calculation of slow viscous flow about spheroids of different sizes

The multipole representation technique of Gluckman, Pfeffer & Weinbaum for slow, viscous, axisymmetric motion has been applied to a system of two spheroids. The two particles may have different shapes and volumes. The limitations of this method have been studied through calculations of the drag forces and velocities of particles with aspect ratios from 0·1 to 10 and relative volumes V from 1 to 103. The multipole-expansion convergence is quite slow for large relative volumes and requires on the order of multipoles. Wild fluctuations in the drag as the number of multipoles increases were found for large oblate spheroids. Relative velocities are given quite accurately for separations of the centres greater than 1·02 times the minimum separation. Comparisons are made with previous results and approximate theories for two spheres, for non-identical particles at large separation, and for a sphere near a large spheroid.
Internet congestion: a laboratory experiment

Human players and automated players (bots) interact in real time in a congested network. A player's revenue is proportional to the number of successful "downloads" and his cost is proportional to his total waiting time. Congestion arises because waiting time is an increasing random function of the number of uncompleted download attempts by all players. Surprisingly, some human players earn considerably higher profits than bots. Bots are better able to exploit periods of excess capacity, but they create endogenous trends in congestion that human players are better able to exploit. Nash equilibrium does a good job of predicting the impact of network capacity and noise amplitude. Overall efficiency is quite low, however, and players overdissipate potential rents, i.e., earn lower profits than in Nash equilibrium.
Microvascular Techniques in Breast Reconstruction

lute increase in the number of women smokers and the epidemic rise of obesity, particularly in the USA. This presents interesting challenges for the reconstructive breast team and forces surgeons into considering free tissue transfer more frequently than might have been the case in the preceding decade
A new bonding technique for microwave devices

Over the past five years, a great deal of work has been done to perform semiconductor die attach with AuSn alloys. Successful die attach has recently been achieved using Au and Sn multilayers evaporated onto the die or the host substrate. However, bonding techniques with thin (below 5 /spl mu/m) AuSn layers for very thin semiconductor devices have not yet been reported. The increasing demand for more advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits has created the need to bond materials having different lattice constants (e.g., GaAs on Si). In this paper we report a new way for the bonding of epitaxial liftoff (ELO) devices onto host substrates. Three of the multilayer structures investigated in this work produce a AuSn alloy bond with approximately 84 wt.% gold, but can be bonded with a peak temperature below 280/spl deg/C. The bonded samples were investigated with several standard surface analysis techniques: Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). We conclude that much thinner bonding layers can be attained than thus far reported. The results of our research allow us to optimize the layer structure and bonding parameters.
State, Power, Anarchism: A Discussion of The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia

The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia. By James C. Scott. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009. 464p. $35.00.The book under discussion is James C. Scott's latest contribution to the study of agrarian politics, culture, and society, and to the ways that marginalized communities evade or resist projects of state authority. The book offers a synoptic history of Upland Southeast Asia, a 2.5 million–kilometer region of hill country spanning Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Burma, and China. It offers a kind of “area study.” It also builds on Scott's earlier work on “hidden transcripts” of subaltern groups and on “seeing like a state.” The book raises many important theoretical questions about research methods and social inquiry, the relationship between political science and anthropology, the nature of states, and of modernity more generally. The book is also deeply relevant to problems of “state-building” and “failed states” in places like Afghanistan, Iraq, and Somalia. As Scott writes, “The huge literature on state-making, contemporary and historic, pays virtually no attention to its obverse: the history of deliberate and reactive statelessness. This is the history of those who got away, and state-making cannot be understood apart from it. This is also what makes it an anarchist history” (p. x).In this symposium, I have invited a number of prominent political and social scientists to comment on the book, its historical narrative, and its broader theoretical implications for thinking about power, state failure, state-building, and foreign policy. How does the book shed light on the limits of states and the modes of resistance to state authority? Are there limits, theoretical and normative, to this “anarchist” understanding of governance and the “art of being governed”?—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
On-Line Computer Monitoring and Optimization of a Multiple Target Proton Beam Line

Operation, tuning and monitoring of the multiple target external proton beam (EPB) at the Zero Gradient Synchrotron (ZGS) is described. Instrumentation presently installed permits continuous, nondestructive, quantitative, on-line computer monitoring of beam spot size, position, and intensity at each experimenter's target or any desired location. The capability of a rapid emittance measurement also is provided. This measurement serves as input to computer programs, described elsewhere, which calculates the emittance and the necessary quadrupole settings for required beam profiles along the beam line. As a check, the resulting beam profiles are instantly measurable at appropriate locations and any necessary final adjustments to provide more exact required conditions are then accomplished.
Perceived risks and management actions: differences in end-user application development across functional groups

Essentially unaddressed in prior end-user computing (EUC) research is an important context factor: the functional department of the end-user. Just as individual employees vary in their EUC tool and management support needs, we propose that not all functional departments in the same firm will use EUC tools for the same tasks, perceive the same EUC risks, and have the same management control needs. This article reports on an exploratory study designed to investigate potential differences across functional groups in the same organization for three factors: application tasks, policies to minimize risk and perceived EUC benefits. Based on the data collected from semi-structured interviews and questionnaires from IS and IC management, functional managers, and end-users, significant differences across functional groups can exist. This suggests that the workgroup is an important contextual factor. That should be taken into account in future EUC research. A research model is provided based on the results of this exploratory study.
Setting the Record Straight: A Response to “Sage-Grouse at the Crossroads”

since the early part of the twentieth century1 and significant range-wide population declines have been documented.1-3 As a result, extensive research has been conducted on sage-grouse populations, behavior, and habi tats1'4'5 and a large body of literature now exists describing the species' biology and conservation issues. Despite this wealth of available information on sage-grouse populations and habitats, a review article by Brunner6 was recently published that was replete with ambiguous or misleading information on sage-grouse population biology and habitat.
Late Cenozoic tephrostratigraphy of deep sediment cores from the Bonneville Basin, northwest Utah

Five deep sediment cores from the Bonneville Basin contain a rich tephra record encompassing the past 3.3 m.y. Twenty-two chemically distinct tephra layers were found, 15 of which correlate with previously described tephra from the western United States. Two of the remaining seven tephra layers are in the Glenns Ferry Formation of southwestern Idaho. The tephrostratigraphic framework of the Bonneville Basin provides a spatial and temporal framework for the sediments in this basin. Age-depth curves allow calculation of sediment accumulation rates (range: 8.9-27 cm/k.y.) and age estimates of the previously undescribed tephra layers. The Burmester core, which contains the longest and most complete record, has rates of sediment accumulation ranging from 1.7 to 20.9 cm/k.y.
The influence of student status on student interactions and experiences during a sport education unit

Background: Curriculum models that include group work and allow student decision-making and responsibility within physical education classes have become increasingly popular. Models such as Sport Education are likely to facilitate different and potentially better quality experiences for students. One of the underlying premises of Sport Education is that it requires social interaction among students during group activities because of the many roles and responsibilities involved. Elizabeth Cohen has extensively studied group work in classroom curriculum models. Although group work is widely viewed as a strategy for teaching that promotes learning, Cohen found disparities in participation and achievement of students during group work relative to student status. Aims: Given the proliferation of curriculum models utilizing group work in physical education and the research from classroom settings on the role of status in group work, the purpose of this study was to explore students' social interactions and thei...
A Piecewise-Diffusion Model of New-Product Demands

The Bass Model (BM) is a widely-used framework in marketing for the study of new-product sales growth. Its usefulness as a demand model has also been recognized in production, inventory, and capacity-planning settings. The BM postulates that the cumulative number of adopters of a new product in a large population approximately follows a deterministic trajectory whose growth rate is governed by two parameters that capture (i) an individual consumer’s intrinsic interest in the product, and (ii) a positive force of influence on other consumers from existing adopters. A finite-population purebirth-process (re)formulation of the BM, called the Stochastic Bass Model (SBM), was proposed recently by the author in a previous paper, and it was shown that if the size of the population in the SBM is taken to infinity, then the SBM and the BM agree (in probability) in the limit. Thus, the SBM “expands” the BM in the sense that for any given population size, it is a well-defined model. In this paper, we exploit this expansion and introduce a further extension of the SBM in which demands of a product in successive time periods are governed by a history-dependent family of SBMs (one for each period) with different population sizes. A sampling theory for this extension, which we call the Piecewise-Diffusion Model (PDM), is also developed. We then apply the theory to a typical product example, demonstrating that the PDM is a remarkably accurate and versatile framework that allows us to better understand the underlying dynamics of new-product demands over time. Joint movement of price and advertising levels, in particular, is shown to have a significant influence on whether or not consumers are “ready” to participate in product purchase. Subject classifications: marketing: new products, buyer behavior, pricing; probability: diffusion; inventory/production: stochastic, nonstationary demand. Area of review: Manufacturing, Service, and Supply Chain Operations. History: Received August 2003; revision received September 2004; accepted July 2005.
A Cross-Sectional Developmental Study of the Social Relations of Students Who Enter College Early

Sixty-three students who had entered college at age 14 or younger supplied data on the number and ages of their friends, time spent together in various activities, number of times various sensitive topics were discussed, and degree of shared intimacy. Striking differences appeared during the first and second years between the proportions of the friendship investment with agemates and older university classmates. By junior year, and thereafter, however, early entrants appeared to have established relations with older students of breadth and depth at least equivalent to those already existing with agemates. Young college graduates were pronouncedly more invested in relationships with older individuals. These findings suggest that early entrants support each other during the first and second years at the university and use these relations as a base for developing fulfilling friendships with older students as upperclasspersons and graduates.
Solvent Detection and Water Monitoring With a Macroporous Silicon Field-Effect Sensor

Integration of electrical and fluidic systems for the design and fabrication of a system-on-chip (SOC) capable of sensing various liquid phase solvents is reported. A monolithic integration strategy makes use of macroporous silicon (MPS) as a gateway to interface the electrical and fluidic domains. In this application, the MPS material, acting as a sensing membrane, is used in a flow-through structure to transport an analyte from fluidic channels on one side of the chip to sensing electrodes on the other. A fluid-oxide-semiconductor interface results in the modulation of a space charge region in the semiconductor where real-time measurements are used to detect and distinguish between the presences of various solvents. The fluidic system has delivered sample volumes as small as 2 mul. Selected test solvents (i.e. acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, and toluene) have generated a measured change in capacitance up to 11%. A practical application of this sensor was demonstrated by monitoring various concentrations of isopropyl alcohol in a water supply. Undiluted samples provide characteristic responses that can be used for signature identification. The sensing device has a high degree of reusability and does not require heating or other solvent removal methods often necessitated in other sensing devices
A new genus for the American Tree Sparrow (Aves: Passeriformes: Passerellidae).

The genus Spizella (Bonaparte) contains seven species of North American sparrows in the recently resurrected family Passerellidae (Bock 1994; Barker et al. 2013), formerly placed in the Emberizidae, and includes a few of the region's most common and familiar bird species. Spizella sparrows occupy more or less open habitats; most species are at least partially migratory and form small flocks when not breeding. On the basis of their similar morphology and behavior, they have long been treated as a natural group (Ridgway 1901; American Ornithologists’ Union 1998).
Fixing Globalization Institutionally: US Domestic Politics of International Trade

What are the origins of neoliberal and globalizing policies? The most common sociological explanation for the emergence of neoliberalism draws on the importance of institutional legacies. This article focuses, instead, on the fundamental role of institutional innovations. Rather than extant institutions, it was a new institutional context, itself an outcome of political struggles between supporters and critics of neoliberalism, which allowed for the emergence of neoliberal policies. The article investigates the case of trade liberalization in the US, showing that supporters of liberal trade defeated protectionists by challenging extant legacies, replacing old institutions with new ones. Internationalists managed to change protectionist policies by shifting decision-making authority from US Congress to quasi-judicial bodies in the executive and to judicial proceedings at the World Trade Organization.
Review of Methods for the Identification of Zygomycetes With an Emphasis on Advances in Molecular Diagnostics

Zygomycosis is a rapidly emerging fungal infection caused by the zygomycetes. The identification of specific species in the clinical laboratory using phenotypic methods is difficult. This article provides a generalized review on the current classification and diagnostic aspects of the zygomycetes with an emphasis on the application of molecular techniques for identification. * CBS : Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures ITS : internal transcribed spacer NCBI : National Center for Biotechnology Information PCR : polymerase chain reaction RFLP : restriction fragment length polymorphism
Re-designing Permission Requirements to Encourage BYOD Policy Adherence

Many corporations and organizations support a Bring Your Own Device BYOD policy, which allows employees to use their personal smartphones for work-related purposes. Access to proprietary company data and information from an employee's smartphone raises serious privacy and security concerns. Companies are vulnerable to data breaches if employees are unable to discern which applications are safe to install. Situating privacy requirements ought to encourage safer application install decisions and decrease risker ones. This study examines the use of context-relevant warning messages, which alert employees to be cautious when the company's BYOD policy may be violated. We also explore the impact of presenting permission requirements before and after making the install decision. We provide evidence that the presence of warnings, despite the timing of when they were presented, facilitated a lower number of risky installations. In situations when it was safe to install an application, warning messages presented before the install decision drastically encouraged installations compared to when there were no warnings. Interestingly, the opposite pattern was found when warning messages were presented after the decision. Overall, better privacy and security decisions will be made if permission requirements are displayed with relevant warning messages. In addition, safe installations will be encouraged through the placement of these meaningful warnings on the description page of a mobile application before a user has decided to install it.
The Dynamics of Cell Motility

Cell-matrix adhesions function as structural anchor points for the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Integrin engagement regulates the activity of several members of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), which mediate rapid changes in cytoskeletal dynamics. The activity of Rho GTPases is principally controlled by the balance between the binding of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) or GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Three family members—Rac, Rho, and Cdc42—are well-studied regulators of cell motility. Rac induces the assembly of focal complexes and actin polymerization during the formation of lamellipodia. Rho induces the formation of stress fibers, whereas Cdc42 induces actin polymerization for the formation of filopodia. The Rho family of small GTPases conveys unique biological effects through distinct effector proteins that act through different signaling pathways. These GTPases also play pivotal roles in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell movement in invading cancer cells. Perhaps Rho GTPases play a role in regulating the ability of the physical microenvironment and mechanical forces to drive cancer? This chapter provides an overview of the research being done to characterize the role that the physical and genetic drivers of cell motility play in cancer development and progression.
The pink bollworm sex attractant.

The sex attractant of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) was isolated from mixed sexes and from females only by chromatographic purification of the alcohol precursor and its acetylated product. Studies on the structure of the pheromone confirm a previous report that it is a mixture of (Z, Z) - and (Z, E) -7, 11-hexadecadien-1-ol acetate in roughly equal amount. All 4 geometric isomers of 7, 11-hexadecadien-1-ol acetate were synthesized and characterized. Electroantennogram response was determined for the 4 isomers and hexalure. Moth captures in traps were determined for the following: the 4 isomers individually and all together; 2-component mixtures of the isomers; the 1:1 mixture of the pheromonal isomers plus small amounts of the other 2 isomers; a series of concentrations of the pheromone (1:1 isomer ratio) with and without trioctanoin as keeper; and the pheromone plus candidate inhibitors (which were found in the extract), synergists, and a stabilizer.
Qualitative Robust Systems Engineering Analysis of Apollo Concepts and Architechtures

A conceptual analysis of the original Apollo systems has been performed using a qualitative robust design approach. Mission systems were broken down into their basic requirements and then reconstructed to provide a comprehensive understanding of their fundamental architectures. Using tools such as qu ality function deployment diagraphs and morphological matrices, feasible alternatives to the original Apollo baseline were generated. These alternatives were then evaluated and compared to the baseline using a series of Pugh matrices and a TOPSIS evaluatio n allowing the best mission architecture to be selected.
Can an α-anomer of the trinitro form of D-glucopyranose be more easily hydrolyzed in alkaline environment than the β-anomer? A detailed theoretical analysis.

Comprehensive computational investigations of detailed alkaline hydrolysis reaction pathways of the α-anomeric form of nitrocellulose monomer (2,3,6-trinitro-α-d-glucopyranose) in the 4C1 chair conformation within the SN2 framework in the gas phase and in bulk water solution are reported. Geometries of reactant complexes, transition states, intermediates, and completely denitrated product were optimized at the density functional theory (DFT) level using the B3LYP functional and the 6-311G(d,p) basis set both in the gas phase and in the bulk water solution. The effect of bulk water was modeled using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) approach. The nature of the potential energy surface of the local minima and transition states was ascertained through vibrational frequency analysis. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations were also performed to validate the computed transition state structures. Effect of electron correlation on computed energies was considered through a single point energy calcu...
Casein and factor 3 in dietary necrotic liver degeneration; concentration of factor 3 from casein.

Summary1. Samples of crude and “vit. Free,” alcohol-extracted casein, and also enzymatic casein digests, were found to contain considerable amounts of factor 3, which protects against dietary necrotic liver degeneration. This explains why the deficiency does not develop on customary vit. E free casein diets. 2. A method is described for the concentration of factor 3 from an enzymatic casein hydrolysate, affording a 30-fold purification in 3 steps, with an over-all recovery of about 38%. This concentrate is being used for the further purification of factor 3.
Long-term interactions with empathic social robots

We investigated the effects of an adaptive empathic model in repeated interactions between users and social robots. The proposed model includes an online learning decision-making mechanism that allows the robot to select the most appropriate supportive behaviors based on the impact that similar behaviors had in keeping the user in a positive affective state.
Negotiating time and space on a study abroad program in South India

This paper investigates the context of student learning in study abroad programs, drawing on ethnographic research on a semester long study abroad program in South India. We show how students use multiple constructions of time and space as a framework for understanding cultural differences and for understanding what it means for them to “experience” India. We argue that students' conceptualization of space and time in the study abroad location also impacts what kinds of activities they consider to count as valuable forms of learning. Students' ideas about India shape their expectations of what the pace, workload, and activities of the study abroad program in India should entail. Their concepts of Indian time and space lead them to privilege “experience”-based learning over classroom-based or scholarship-based learning. In conclusion, we show how these insights have implications for study abroad pedagogy. Here, we suggest that student learning that is entirely based on “experience” outside the classroom is...
Mehr Augenbeschwerden durch Bildschirmarbeit

This study investigated six VDT operators during two full working days. Looking for more than 80% of the time at the screen when all the information was displayed on the screen (split screen) as compared to less than 40% when working with a hard copy resulted only in small or no additional increases in the ocular discomfort scores.
A Phenomenological Model for Prediction of Critical Heat Flux under Highly Subcooled Conditions

The theory previously developed for slightly subcooled and low-quality critical heat flux (CHF) has been extended to highly subcooled conditions. The revised model is shown to predict CHF values un...
Unca Eliza Winkfield and the Fantasy of Non-Colonial Conversion in The Female American

The anonymously authored The Female American; or, The Adventures of Unca Eliza Winkfield occupies several different liminal spaces. Authorship is attributed to a female first-person narrator named ...
Analyzing Severity of Vehicle Crashes at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings: Multinomial Logit Modeling

The purpose of this paper is to develop a nominal response multinomial logit model (MNLM) to identify factors that are important in making an injury severity difference and to explore the impact of such explanatory variables on three different severity levels of vehicle-related crashes at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) in the United States. Vehicle-rail and pedestrian-rail crash data on USDOT highway-rail crossing inventory and public crossing sites from 2005 to 2012 are used in this study. A multinomial logit model is developed using SAS PROC LOGISTICS procedure and marginal effects are also calculated. The MNLM results indicate that when rail equipment with high speed struck a vehicle, the chance of a fatality resulting increased. The study also reveals that vehicle pick-up trucks, concrete, and rubber surfaces were more likely to be involved in more severe crashes. On the other hand, truck-trailer vehicles in snow and foggy weather conditions, development area types (residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional), and higher daily traffic volumes were more likely to be involved in less severe crashes. Educating and equipping drivers with good driving habits and short-term law enforcement actions, can potentially minimize the chance of severe vehicle crashes at HRGCs.
Molecular Mechanisms in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Hematologic malignancies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that include neoplasms derived from cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. These malignancies can be categorized in many ways, but the most commonly used classification today is the World Health Organization’s Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (WHO classification). This chapter will focus on the underlying pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disorders with some reference on how that information can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Because an in-depth discussion of the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disorders is enough to fill several textbooks, a select group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas will be reviewed with particular attention to how the pathogenetic mechanisms can be used to classify, diagnose, and in some cases serve as a potential therapeutic targets. Finally, there will be a brief discussion of molecular profiling and microRNAs, two areas in which our understanding of lymphomagenesis stands to grow a great deal in the coming years.
Pain acceptance potentially mediates the relationship between pain catastrophizing and post-surgery outcomes among compensated lumbar fusion patients

PURPOSE Chronic low back pain is highly prevalent and often treatment recalcitrant condition, particularly among workers' compensation patients. There is a need to identify psychological factors that may predispose such patients to pain chronicity. The primary aim of this study was to examine whether pain acceptance potentially mediated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and post-surgical outcomes in a sample of compensated lumbar fusion patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients insured with the Workers Compensation Fund of Utah and who were at least 2 years post-lumbar fusion surgery completed an outcome survey. These data were obtained from a prior retrospective-cohort study that administered measures of pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, mental and physical health, and disability. RESULTS Of the 101 patients who completed the outcome survey, 75.2% were male with a mean age of 42.42 years and predominantly identified as White (97.0%). The majority of the participants had a posterior lumbar interbody fusion surgery. Pain acceptance, including activity engagement and pain willingness, was significantly correlated with better physical health and mental health, and lower disability rates. Pain catastrophizing was inversely correlated with measures of pain acceptance (activity engagement r=-0.67, p<0.01, pain willingness r=-0.73, p<0.01) as well as the outcome measures: mental health, physical health, and disability. Pain acceptance significantly mediated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and both mental and physical health and also the relationship between pain catastrophizing and disability. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the relationship between pain catastrophizing and negative patient outcomes was potentially mediated by pain acceptance. Understanding this mediating relationship offers insight into how pain acceptance may play a protective role in patients' pain and disability and has potential implications for pain treatments.
VISAR Analysis in the Frequency Domain

VISAR measurements are typically analyzed in the time domain, where velocity is approximately proportional to fringe shift. Moving to the frequency domain clarifies the limitations of this approximation and suggests several improvements. For example, optical dispersion preserves high-frequency information, so a zero-dispersion (air delay) interferometer does not provide optimal time resolution. Combined VISAR measurements can also improve time resolution. With adequate bandwidth and reasonable noise levels, it is quite possible to achieve better resolution than the VISAR approximation allows.
Enhanced nonlinear frequency conversion and Purcell enhancement at exceptional points

Exceptional points (EPs) were recently predicted to modify the spontaneous emission rate or Purcell factor of narrow-band emitters embedded in resonant cavities. We demonstrate that EPs can have an even greater impact on nonlinear optical processes like frequency conversion by deriving a general formula quantifying radiative emission from a subwavelength emitter in the vicinity of a triply resonant ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(2)}$ cavity that supports an EP near the emission frequency and a bright mode at the second harmonic. We show that the resulting frequency up-conversion process can be enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude compared to nondegenerate scenarios and that, in contrast to the recently predicted spontaneous-emission enhancements, nonlinear EP enhancements can persist even when considering spatial distributions of broadband emitters, provided that the cavity satisfies special nonlinear selection rules. This is demonstrated via a two-dimensional proof-of-concept PhC designed to partially fulfill the various criteria needed to approach the derived bounds on the maximum achievable up-conversion efficiencies. Our predictions suggest an indirect but practically relevant route to experimentally observe the impact of EPs on spontaneous emission, with implications to quantum information science.