cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrochlorothiazide and cutaneous T cell lymphoma: Prospective analysis and case series

BACKGROUND: Mycosis fungoides (MF) and leukemic Sezary syndrome (SS) are the most common cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL), but their etiology remains unknown. After patients were observed with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-associated CTCL, HCTZ was examined as a putative chronic antigen in a cohort of prospectively staged patients. METHODS: Demographic and drug exposure data was examined from 1443 confirmed MF and SS patients. Hypertensive CTCL patients were divided into HCTZ users or nonusers for statistical analysis by chi-square and t tests. Causality in a case series was rated by the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. RESULTS: A total of 815 of 1443 MF and SS patients (56.5%) were hypertensive; 205 (25.2%) were taking HCTZ at initial staging. Comparing stage of patients who were using or not using HCTZ, the most significant difference was between stage I and stage IV (odds ratio of 0.45; 95% confidence interval of 0.25-0.78, P = .003), demonstrating reduced likelihood of being stage IV in patients who were on HCTZ. Seventy-seven percent of the MF patients on HCTZ were stage I. A total of 125 patients of 196 (63.8%) started HCTZ prior to developing CTCL lesions, and 35 of 121 (28.0%) started within 1 year of first skin rash. Thirty-six of 125 patients (28.8%) experienced complete or partial remissions after discontinuing HCTZ. A monoclonal T cell receptor rearrangement was detected more frequently in the hypertensive stage I patients not taking HCTZ as compared with those who were (55.3% vs 69.1%, P = .032). Three patients were rechallenged and developed MF lesions that resolved or improved with discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: HCTZ is commonly prescribed and may be a putative antigen in a small subset of early MF patients. Careful drug histories and a trial off medication are warranted. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Designing pleasurable products and interfaces

Many of you are joining us from past exchanges at the International Conference on Affective Human Factors Design (CAHD), held in Singapore 2001. Others will have participated in the growing number of exciting venues addressing issues of affective and emotional factors in product design, including Design and Emotion in Loughborough, England, in 2002. Some of you may be introducing yourselves for the first time.We are pleased to have all of you here as part of a community of researchers, students and professionals from design, human factors, human-computer interaction, and the social sciences, contributing to the advancement of this exciting topic area. We look forward to three days of dynamic activities, dialogue and intellectual debate on emerging theories, methods, and tools. Your participation in dppi03 will have a major impact on the ongoing understanding of affective and emotional factors for a new generation of product design.
Native American youths and cancer risk reduction. Effects of software intervention.

Abstract Purpose: Toward developing attractive and effective means to reduce cancer risks faced by Native American people, this study developed and tested interactive computer software to improve dietary choices and prevent tobacco use among Native American adolescents. Methods: Based on a legend of the Seneca Nation, a cancer prevention lesson was developed and programmed for software. A sample of 368 Native American adolescents were divided randomly into intervention and control arms. Youths in both arms were pre-tested, youths in the intervention arm interacted with the software, and all youths were post-tested. Pre-test and post-test measures covered information and attitudes about cancer risks from dietary practices and tobacco use. Results: Pre-test scores differed between the two arms on youths' age and on one outcome variable. Relative to their counterparts in the control arm, youths in the intervention arm increased their post-test scores on 8 of 12 outcome measurement variables. Process data gathered during intervention delivery indicated that nearly all youths were involved with the interactive software and lesson. Conclusion: Interactive computer software holds promise for delivering cancer risk reduction intervention aimed at modifying dietary habits and preventing tobacco use among Native American youth.
Induction of Enzymes Associated with Lysigenous Aerenchyma Formation in Roots of Zea mays during Hypoxia or Nitrogen Starvation

Either hypoxia, which stimulates ethylene biosynthesis, or temporary N starvation, which depresses ethylene production, leads to formation of aerenchyma in maize (Zea mays L.) adventitious roots by extensive lysis of cortical cells. We studied the activity of enzymes closely involved in either ethylene formation (1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase [ACC synthase]) or cell-wall dissolution (cellulase). Activity of ACC synthase was stimulated in the apical zone of intact roots by hypoxia, but not by anoxia or N starvation. However, N starvation, as well as hypoxia, did enhance cellulase activity in the apical zone, but not in the older zones of the same roots. Cellulase activity did not increase during hypoxia or N starvation in the presence of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ACC synthase, but this inhibition of cellulase induction was reversed during simultaneous exposure to exogenous ethylene. Together these results indicate both the role of ethylene in signaling cell lysis in response to two distinct environmental factors and the significance of hypoxia rather than anoxia in stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis in maize roots.
A Qualitative Study of Community–University Partnerships That Support Psychosocial Occupational Therapy

Community partner voices are important to understand because they provide the contexts in which occupational therapy (OT) students research community-identified needs and together, create evidence-based occupation-focused programs while developing clinical reasoning skills in a natural context. The purpose of this study is to understand how community partners experienced partnerships that support community-based research in psychosocial settings. This retrospective study explores the perspectives of community partners that hosted OT students for two-semester service-learning project over 3 years. Findings revealed partners value effective communication with faculty and students, spending time observing, listening, and developing meaningful relationships with clients and staff.
Extrusion of defatted soy flour-hydrocolloid mixtures

Summary Defatted soy flour containing low levels of added hydrocolloid (either sodium alginate or methylcellulose) was thermoextruded in a laboratory single-screw extruder, and the effect of operating parameters on selected textural properties (maximum peak force, determined in an Ottawa Measuring (OTMS) cell, and chewiness) and physical properties (bulk density and water absorption capacity) were studied. Adding sodium alginate generally increased OTMS peak force, chewiness and water absorption capacity and increased bulk density. Extruding at a feed moisture content of 22% w/w resulted in the best properties, regardless of the levels of other independent variables. Maximum force and chewiness were positively correlated while bulk density and water absorption capacity were negatively correlated to each other.
Measurement of rat brain tumor kinetics using an intravascular MR contrast agent and DCE-MRI nested model selection

Dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is being increasingly used in various clinical trials involving brain tumors. It allows characterization of the vascular microenvironment in tumors by measurement of a range of parameters, such as Ktrans (forward transfer constant), kep (reverse transfer constant), ve (volume of the extravascular extracellular space), and vp (blood plasma volume) (1,2). These parameters reflect specific physiologic characteristics and hence relate to various aspects of tumor biology. One of the hurdles in obtaining these quantitative metrics is a lack of robust methods for approaching the problem of parametric estimation using multicompartmental pharmacokinetic models (3). Another issue is that current Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved extravascular contrast agents (CAs) used for the assessment of vascular parameters in solid tumors are relatively small (molecular weight <1 kDa) (4). Thus, their transfer rates from the vasculature to the extravascular extracellular space (EES) are often very high in solid tumors. This generates a need for rapid sampling of the dynamic behavior of the CA in both tissue and arterial system, and also raises the possibility that the delivery of CA to tissue may be flow-limited in portions of very aggressive tumors. Intravascular or blood pool CAs are being studied for many clinical applications. For example, gadofosveset has been recently approved by the FDA for MR angiographic application in aorto-iliac disease (5). Gadofosveset is a blood pool agent that binds reversibly to serum albumin, distributes primarily in the intravascular space, exhibiting a prolonged plasma half-life and increased T1 relaxivity at 1.5 T. Since the albumin-gadofosveset compound has an effective molecular weight in excess of 6 kDa, the dynamics of the bound fraction will therefore be slow compared to an extravascular agent, making the delivery of larger CA permeability limited rather than flow-limited. Experience with intravascular or blood pool MR CAs in intracranial tumors is limited. One study by Adzamli et al (6) at 1.5 T demonstrated that small-molecule, albumin-binding blood pool CAs increased dose effectiveness and lengthened contrast enhancement in an intracranial mouse glioma model. A study by Essig et al (7) showed that gadofosveset produced greater, longer-lasting contrast enhancement compared to conventional agents in a variety of human brain tumors. To our knowledge, gadofosveset has not been used to quantitatively estimate tumor kinetics using a DCE-MRI nested model selection (NMS) procedure in rat gliomas. The purpose of our study was to measure and compare the parameters of vascular physiology such as vp, Ktrans, and ve in a rat model of human glioma using two different kinds of CAs: a primarily intravascular or blood pool CA (gadofosveset) and an extravascular CA (gadopentetate dimeglumine) using NMS and DCE-MRI.
Elements of Structural Dynamics

Modern aerospace vehicles have become larger, lighter, and more flexible, where the effects of dynamic loading can produce large structural oscillatory responses leading to potential catastrophic failures. It is imperative that practicing aerospace engineers are knowledgeable of the system variables that can be used to control (or limit) these large dynamic oscillations as well as understanding the analytical tools that can be used to model these systems and predict the system response. These tools range from approximate single- and multidegree of freedom lumped mass models to large-scale finite element models, where to keep the problem tractable a limited number of vibration modes are used in the response predictions. In addition, closed-form solutions provide valuable insight into the trends of this complex behavior, as well as providing benchmark cases for validating approximate solutions. In this chapter, the analytical tools are reviewed for both approximate and closed-form approaches, where numerous results are presented that highlight techniques for controlling the system response. Keywords: beams; damping; finite elements; Hamilton's principle; Lagrange's equation; structural dynamics; variational principles; vibration
Statistical Analysis of DNA Microarray Data

Not too long ago, geneticists dealt with only one or two genes simultaneously. Microarray technology is the first of its kind by which scientists were able to study the expressions of thousands of genes in a single experiment. However, owing to its novelty and its capability of measuring such a large volume of information, it has gone through several stages of perfection at every stage of data analysis starting from data normalization to gene annotation. Statisticians and computational biologists made significant contributions toward these. Earlier, we have provided a very brief summary of some of the important statistical work in the field. Keywords: microarray; RankAggreg; cDNA; mRNA; clustering; classification
1037 PROSTAGLANDIN-MEDIATED LYMPHOCYTE SYPPRESSION AFTER PRIMARY EBV INFECTION

Primary Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection alters the host's immune system. We examined lymphocyte(PBL) function in 12 young adults for 5 months after infectious mononucleosis(IM) by measuring specific PBL blastogenesis to 7 heat-killed viral antigens. We tested prostaglandin(PG)E2-mediated suppression of these reactions by adding indomethacin(IDH) in vitro. The % enhancement (higher cpm) of antigen + PBL cultures with IDM compared to those without IDM represented the abrogation of PG suppression(A)(100% = no enhancement). The number of antigens (of 7)showing enhancement were averaged(B). Serum content of the PG precursor, arachidonic acid(AA) was measured by gas-liquid chromatography from total lipid extractions (C). We compared these values to those of age-matched normals without IM : PGEg-mediated functional suppression, a minor part of normal im-munoregulation, is markedly increased 5-12 weeks after IM. Total serum AA appears consistent with high PG metabolism. The role of PG in the control of EBV infection merits investigation.
GIS analysis of U.S. patent data: examining local innovation patterns

Current patent data in the United States provides limited spatial analysis capabilities within GIS applications. Most U.S. government data sources assign Federal Information Processing System (FIPS) codes or postal zip codes which facilitate GIS data input. However, neither the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office nor the National Bureau of Economic Research assign location codes, or geocodes, in patent records or patent applicant data. Instead, patent records contain postal town or city place-names provided along with U.S. state locations. Place-names may not be unique within certain states and data from large cities can only be attributed over a wide area. This has resulted in most patent research to be analyzed only at the state scale of analysis. This paper presents a method for data structures and geocoding that allows for geographical analysis of patents at the local (town, city and/or county) scale. This method is applied for data in Ohio from 2002 to 2006---the five most recent years of available data. The results show significant variability of data at the local scale. This variability is shown in terms of total patents, patenting by economic sector and for patent data standardized for the per capita labor force. The results also show the predominance of general manufacturing patents across the state, by comparison to specialized sectors. The results also illustrate two distinct innovation regions, along the I-75 corridor and in Northeast Ohio.
Extracting information ASAP

Designing I/O systems capable of scaling up to deal with the next generation of extreme scale scientific environments is a significant challenge. Scientific applications already strain the capabilities of current filesystems and storage systems. This work presents a middleware-based approach that generalizes from previous work on staging areas to focus more generally on staging resources. Exploiting the steady increase of the ratio of compute capability to I/O bandwidth, the EnStage middleware system allows for metadata characterization and I/O processing to occur when as where appropriate. This includes in reserved staging areas, buffered memory, and even in the writing processes' execution context. Using the EnStage extension to previous work, we find a 1.4% increase in runtime due to additional functionality resulted in I/O time in the staging area dropping to only 16% of the non-reduced output.
Parallel-plate electrostatic dual-mass resonator

A surface-micromachined two-degree-of-freedom system that was driven by parallel-plate actuation at antiresonance was demonstrated. The system consisted of an absorbing mass connected by folded springs to a drive mass. The system demonstrated substantial motion amplification at antiresonance. The absorber mass amplitudes were 0.8 - 0.85 micrometer at atmospheric pressure while the drive mass amplitudes were below 0.1 micrometer. Larger absorber mass amplitudes were not possible because of spring softening in the drive mass springs. Simple theory of the dual-mass oscillator has indicated that the absorber mass may be insensitive to limited variations in strain and damping. This needs experimental verification. Resonant and antiresonant frequencies were measured and compared to the designed values. Resonant frequency measurements were difficult to compare to the design calculations because of time-varying spring softening terms that were caused by the drive configuration. Antiresonant frequency measurements were close to the design value of 5.1 kHz. The antiresonant frequency was not dependent on spring softening. The measured absorber mass displacement at antiresonance was compared to computer simulated results. The measured value was significantly greater, possibly due to neglecting fringe fields in the force expression used in the simulation.
Exploring the influence of workplace relationships on work-related attitudes and behaviors in the hospitality work environment

Abstract Food servers are an important resource in generating revenue and insuring customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry. Some important issues facing managers in the hospitality industry include role stress and its effects on performance and job satisfaction among tipped food servers. This paper explores how the work environment can influence employee attitudes and outcomes. Findings generally support a diverse collection of previously researched dimensions. This study represents the first such published attempt at validation of the proposed model. Implications for management are discussed in relation to the various relationships that were examined in the model.
The pre-mild cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive impairment stage of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Background Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) has been a common, but poorly understood condition, frequently occurring in older persons. Methods The past and the emerging literature on SCI and synonymously named conditions is reviewed. Results Findings include: (1) There is support from at least one longitudinal study for a long-standing concept of SCI as a pre–mild cognitive impairment (MCI) condition lasting ∼15years. (2) There are complex relationships between SCI and depression and anxiety. (3) Differences in SCI subjects from age-matched non-SCI persons are being published in terms of cognitive tests, hippocampal gray matter density, hippocampal volumes, cerebral metabolism, and urinary cortisol levels. Psychometric and dementia test score differences between SCI and MCI subjects have long been evident. (4) Predictive electrophysiologic features of subsequent decline in SCI subjects are being published. Conclusions Studies of therapeutic agents in SCI treatment and resultant Alzheimer's disease prevention appear to be feasible. These trials are also necessary from a public health perspective.
Characterization of Binding and Electron Transfer Between Shewanella Cytochrome C Peroxidase and its Monoheme Electron Donor C5

Bacterial diheme cytochrome c peroxidases are a critical part of the detoxification pathways in the periplasmic space that convert hydrogen peroxide to water. The turnover of peroxide requires a two-electron reduction, and these reducing equivalents must be delivered to the peroxidase by soluble electron transfer proteins. This study focuses on the diheme cytochrome c peroxidase from Shewanella oneidensis (So CcP). We have shown previously that a monoheme electron transfer protein from Shewanella oneidensis, So c5, is capable of both activating and turning over the So CcP protein during in vitro peroxidase assays. The nature of the protein-protein interface is not known, especially since two different molecules of So c5 must bind So CcP, either sequentially or simultaneously, during the catalytic cycle. We postulate that for efficient in vivo activity, oxidized So CcP should preferentially bind to the reduced So c5, and the interaction should weaken substantially once the electron has been transferred. In our current work, we show that charge-reversal amino acid mutations on the putative protein-protein interface failed to substantially change the Km for So c5 in peroxidase activity assays. However, surface charge-reversal mutations did have subtle effects consistent with changes in the electron transfer pathways as measured by protein film voltammetry. We further investigated the interaction between So c5 and So CcP using a surface acoustic wave binding method. Binding between So CcP and So c5 is very weak, with observed dissociation constants around 20 μM, and the interaction can be modulated by surface charge-reversal mutations. However, the rate of dissociation of oxidized So CcP from oxidized So c5 is surprisingly slow, suggesting our current models of the in vivo catalytic cycle of So CcP may need to be revisited.
The issue: Sex equity and sexuality in education

(1987). The issue: Sex equity and sexuality in education. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 64, Sex Equity and Sexuality in Education, pp. 1-12.
Obesity potentiates the growth and dissemination of pancreatic cancer

Background Obesity is an independent risk factor for pancreatic cancer development and progression, although the mechanisms underlying this association are completely unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of obesity on pancreatic cancer growth using a novel in vivo model. Methods Lean (C57BL/6 J) and obese (LepDb and LepOb) mice were inoculated with murine pancreatic cancer cells (PAN02), and studied after 5 weeks of tumor growth. Tumor histology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, cellular proliferation was assessed by 5-bromodeoxyuridine, and apoptosis was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling assay. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and insulin levels were assayed. Results Obese mice developed larger tumors, and a significantly greater number of mice developed metastases; mortality was also greater in obese mice. Tumor apoptosis did not differ among strains, but tumors from both obese strains had greater proliferation relative to those growing in lean animals. Serum adiponectin concentration correlated negatively and serum insulin concentration correlated positively with tumor proliferation. Intratumoral adipocyte mass in tumors from both obese strains was significantly greater than that in tumors of lean mice. Conclusion Data from this novel in vivo model suggest that the altered adipokine milieu and insulin resistance observed in obesity may lead directly to changes in tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting pancreatic cancer growth and dissemination.
Computerized diagnosis of breast lesions on ultrasound

We present a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) method for breast lesions on ultrasound that is based on the automatic segmentation of lesions and the automatic extraction of four features related to the lesion shape, margin, texture, and posterior acoustic behavior. Using a database of 400 cases (94 malignant lesions, 124 complex cysts, and 182 benign solid lesions), we investigate the marginal benefit of each feature in our CAD method and the performance of our CAD method in distinguishing malignant lesions from various classes of benign lesions. Finally, independent validation is performed on our CAD method. Eleven independent trials yielded an average Az value of 0.87 in the task of distinguishing malignant from benign lesions.
Field development in change management: how information systems contribute to the process of organisational change

This paper discusses various fields, including existing and newly developed research areas in Information Systems (IS) and change management. The historical view of the organisational change study is illustrated to show the need of information system integration into such important research discipline. This paper also indicates several newly developed and integrated research contents in this important field.
Effect of the Antioxidant 2‘‘-O-Glycosylisovitexin from Young Green Barley Leaves on Acetaldehyde Formaton in Beer Stored at 50 °C for 90 Days

Beer samples were stored at 50 °C for 90 days, and the amount of acetaldehyde in the samples was measured periodically by gas chromatography. Acetaldehyde in the beer sample was derivatized to 2-me...
Problem solving within a word-frequency hierarchy

Subjects attempted to guess the correct word among five words varying in frequency of occurrence in the language. It was found that words at the extreme frequencies (high or low) were easier to guess than words of intermediate frequencies. This effect was most pronounced when Ss had been instructed concerning the frequency dimension, but also occurred in the absence of such instructions.
The use of a new wire in a 6‐year‐old coronary artery occlusion: The Jagwire ™ recanalization guidewire

Chronic total occlusions are difficult to treat, usually because they cannot be crossed with a guidewire or dilating catheter. A variety of angioplasty systems designed to facilitate coronary angioplasty of chronic total occlusions have been used. We report the case of a 6-year-old occlusion of the right coronary artery that was treated with the Jagwire, a new guidewire designed for use in challenging lesions. This device successfully crossed the lesion and resulted in a successful angioplasty. The patient's angina dramatically improved following the procedure. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interdomain Interactions of Radixin in Vitro

We have assayed the domains of the ERM protein radixin for binding activities in vitro. Affinity columns bearing the amino-terminal domain of radixin selectively bound a small subset of the proteins of the chicken erythrocyte cytoskeleton. Two of those proteins were identified as radixin itself and band 4.1. In contrast, the carboxyl-terminal domain of the molecule bound neither protein, and full-length radixin did not bind band 4.1 (binding of full-length radixin to itself was not evaluated). Columns bearing a mixture of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains of radixin also failed to bind radixin and band 4.1. These results suggested that the amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences can interact with one another either in cis or in trans, and so interfere with radixin's interactions with other ligands. Using affinity co-electrophoresis, we confirmed a direct interaction in solution between the two radixin domains; the data are consistent with the formation of a 1:1 complex with a dissociation constant of approximately 5 x 10(-8) M. Competition between intramolecular and intermolecular interactions may help to explain the provocative and dynamic localization of ERM proteins within cells.
Federal R&D 1974–1984

The federal government distinguishes three types of activity under the title Research and Development (R&D), which was budgeted at $ 45.8 billion for 1984: basic research, applied research, and development. According to the National Science Foundation, the 1984 federal R&D obligation is 3 times the 1974 level. While the apparent 10-year growth of the R&D budget was about 10.2% per year in current dollars, real annual growth averaged only 2.5%. Moreover, averages themselves are misleading because most of the growth has taken place since 1981, mostly in defense programs. The basic research portion of the 1984 R&D budget is $ 6.6 billion, one-third of which is allocated to biomedical research areas administered through the National Institutes of Health. However, the Department of Health and Human Services budget showed a real-dollar decline in 1984 of 3%. By contrast, the National Science Foundation budget, a portion of which also is granted for biological research, showed a less rapid rate of growth between 1974 and 1983, but had a real-dollar increase in the 1984 budget of 12%.
1H MRSI of normal appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis.

The primary goal of this study was to determine if differences in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals exist between normal appearing white matter (NAWM) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and white matter of control subjects. Water suppressed proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was used to determine the signal intensities of N-acetylated moieties (NA, predominantly N-acetylaspartate (NAA) the putative neuronal marker), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr), and cholines (Ch) in 19 MS patients (15 relapsing-remitting and four secondary progressive) and 19 age matched control subjects. NA/Cr was significantly reduced (P < 0.00 1) in MS NAWM (1.8 ± 0.2; x ± s.d.) distant from MRI detected lesion areas compared to white matter of control subjects (2.1 ± 0.2). This reduction was due to an increase in Cr from 0.39 ± 0.04 (arbitrary units) in controls to 0.45 ± 0.05 in MS patients. There was no significant change in NA or Ch in MS NAWM compared to controls. NA/ Cr, distant from MRI lesion, wa...
CO adsorption on Pd(111) : the effects of temperature and pressure

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) has been used to study the adsorption of carbon monoxide on a Pd(111) surface. IRAS spectra were collected at temperatures from 100 to 1000 K and at pressures from 1.0 × 10−7 to 10.0 Torr. The IRAS data at temperatures > 250 K showed the coverage versus temperature behavior anticipated from the data acquired under UHV conditions. However, at temperatures < 250 K, multiple CO adsorption structures were observed which were dependent upon the adsorption temperature and pressure. The low temperature/low pressure adsorption data extrapolate to the high temperature/high pressure regime only if appropriate adsorption conditions are employed.
Biological effects of the human complement fragments C5a and C5ades Arg on neutrophil function

Abstract The biological activity of human C5a was compared to its anaphylatoxin inactive form, C5ades Arg, using highly purified components. C5a was isolated from yeast-activated human serum and was converted to C5ades Arg by treatment with porcine carboxypeptidase B immobilized on Sepharose 6B. Both purified C5 fragments were homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled peptides and by immunologic techniques. C5a caused increased vascular permeability in guinea pig skin with as little as 2 ng of injected material, whereas no detectable effect was seen with as much as 5000 ng of C5ades Arg. Both C5a and C5ades Arg stimulated cytochalasin B-treated human neutrophils to release the granule constituents myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and β-glucuronidase, but not the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase. However, 85- to 175-fold more C5ades Arg was required to give the same amount of release. A similar dichotomy of biologic effectiveness was seen for generation of the oxygen metabolite, superoxide anion, O2−, with or without cytochalasin B pretreatment of the cells. In contradistinction to earlier reports, C5ades Arg was chemotactic for human neutrophils in the absence of added serum between 100 to 10, 000 ng/ml, whereas C5a was active from 3 to 500 ng/ml. A 24-fold lower concentration of C5a was required to obtain a peak chemotactic response as measured by a leading front technique (5 ng/ml) as compared to a two-filter assay (120 ng/ml). In the absence of a gradient of the peptides, C5a and C5ades Arg induced enhanced random migration, i.e., exhibited chemokinetic activity. Both C5a and C5ades Arg desensitized neutrophils to further stimulation by C5a, as measured by granule secretion and chemotaxis. However, 25-to 50-fold more C5ades Arg than C5a was required for desensitization. The ability of C5ades Arg to cross-desensitize neutrophils suggests that C5ades Arg binds to the same neutrophil receptor as C5a but at a lower binding affinity. The studies reported here show that C5ades Arg is capable of interacting with neutrophils in a manner similar to that of C5a and that the difference between the two polypeptides is quantitative, not qualitative. Thus, the biologic activity of C5ades Arg and the presence of the serum carboxypeptidase B, which converts C5a to C5ades Arg, as well as the recently described helper factor for enhanced C5ades Arg chemotaxis combine to suggest that C5ades Arg may be an important phlogistic mediator in vivo.
ADAPTATION OF A BROOKFIELD (HBTD) VISCOMETER FOR MIXER VISCOMETRY STUDIES

A low cost mixer viscometer system was developed using a Brookfield viscometer interfaced to a Hewlett Packard (HP) digital cassete drive. Tests were conducted in a Brookfield Small Sample Adapter with a specially designed flag type, mixer impeller. The system was tested for two power law type products (apricot puree and guar gum) with results being comparable to those obtained using a Rheometrics Fluids Spectrometer.
Imaging 'intact' myofibrils with a near-field scanning optical microscope

Fluorescently labelled myofibrils were imaged in physiological salt solution by near-field scanning optical microscopy and shear-force microscopy. These myofibrils were imaged in vitro, naturally adhering to glass while retaining their ability to contract. The Z-line protein structure of the myofibrils was antibody labelled and easily identified in the near-field fluorescence images. The distinctive protein banding structure of the myofibril was also seen clearly in the shear-force images without any labelling requirement. With the microscope in the transmission mode, resolution of the fluorescence images was degraded significantly by excessive specimen thickness (> 1 micron), whereas the shear-force images were less affected by specimen thickness and more affected by poor adherence to the substrate. Although the exact mechanism generating contrast in the shear-force images is still unknown, shear-force imaging appears to be a promising new imaging modality.
Experimental and analytical evaluation of damage processes in thermal barrier coatings

Abstract Progressive damage evolution was evaluated using microscopy on samples subjected to a series of different thermal cycle profiles. Fick’s law was used to describe the thermally grown oxide (TGO) buildup during early cycles. A correlation of damage thickness and oxide thickness for different thermal cycle profiles was established. The importance of this correlation is that, for a given thermal cycle profile and number of cycles, the oxide thickness can be calculated analytically using Fick’s law, and from this thickness one can determine the interlayer separation (damage thickness). Both oxidation kinetics and interlayer separation (delamination) appear to have significant roles with respect to spallation. As early microcracks coalesce to form major delamination cracks or interlayer separation, the susceptibility for coating buckling is increased. The delamination cracks finally consume the TGO layer. Progressive microcrack linking is a possible mechanism to develop such critical delamination crack lengths. Physical evidence of buckling was found in specimens prior to complete spallation.
Impact of agricultural development on regional drainage in the lower Santa Cruz valley, Arizona, U.S.A.

The development of irrigation agriculture on valley floors in the southwestern United States has substantially altered natural drainage systems. This study discusses five anthropogenic factors that have altered the hydrologic function of a dryland basin floor in south-central Arizona. These factors are: (1) upstream urbanization and channel entrenchment, (2) dam construction, (3) artificial diversion of drainage, (4) obstruction of flow by transportation routes, and (5) stream channelization. The first two factors have altered hydrologic inputs to the basin floor, the third and fourth factors have changed regional and local patterns of flooding, and the fifth factor has resulted in channel instability and reduced flood attenuation. These five factors, along with a recent increase in the frequency of incursions of tropical moisture into southern Arizona, have enhanced flow variability and the potential for devastating flooding on the basin floor. This research demonstrates the need for basin-wide approaches to stream management in drylands and illustrates the importance of basing management decisions on geomorphic information concerning fluvial forms and processes.
Shaping Statistics for Success in the 21st Century: The Needs of Industry

Abstract Some key trends in industry are categorized according to one taxonomy (e.g., design, engineering, validation, manufacturing, and so on) and used to highlight challenges and opportunities for the statistical profession. The major emphasis is on delineating trends and needs with respect to industry. These needs may or may not coincide with the needs of academia or government. The key driving force for industry over the near future will be shortening of product development lead-time. The major enabler to meet this challenge will be information technology. The article concludes with some recommendations on how to enhance an academic statistical program.
Consultation in Palliative Medicine

Palliative medicine is an emerging medical discipline in the United States, modeled after similar efforts in Great Britain, Australia, and Canada. Increasingly, academic medical centers are starting clinical programs in palliative medicine including inpatient consultation services. A description of the essential components of a palliative medicine consultation is presented, based on the author's experience of more than 600 patient encounters at the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee. A palliative medicine consultation consists of 6 features: assessment and management of physical symptoms; assisting patients to identify personal goals for end-of-life care; assessment and management of psychological and spiritual needs; assessment of the patient's support system; assessment and communication of estimated prognosis; and assessment of discharge planning issues. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157:733-737
Brain electrophysiology reveals intact processing of speech sounds in deformational plagiocephaly

Background:The prevalence of deformational plagiocephaly has risen dramatically in recent years, now affecting 15 percent or more of infants. Prior research using developmental scales suggests that these children may be at elevated risk for developmental delays. However, the low positive predictive
PEG10 Is a c-MYC Target Gene in Cancer Cells

The product of the imprinted gene paternally expressed gene-10 (PEG10) has been reported to support proliferation in hepatocellular carcinomas, but how this gene is regulated has been an open question. We find that MYC knockdown by RNA interference suppresses PEG10 expression in Panc1 pancreatic carcinoma and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and that knockdown of PEG10 inhibits the proliferation of Panc1, HepG2, and Hep3B cells. Conversely, PEG10 was up-regulated by inducing c-MYC expression in a B-lymphocyte cell line. Chromatin immunoprecipitation from Panc1 cells showed c-MYC bound to an E-box-containing region in the PEG10 first intron and site-directed mutagenesis showed that the most proximal E-box is essential for promoter activity. In a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-MYC transgenic mouse model of breast cancer, most but not all of the mammary carcinomas had strongly increased Peg10 mRNA compared with normal mammary gland. By immunohistochemistry, normal human breast and prostate epithelium was negative for the major isoform [reading frame-1 (RF1)] of PEG10 protein, but this cytoplasmic protein was strongly expressed in a subset of breast carcinomas in situ and invasive ductal carcinomas (∼30%) and in a similar percentage of prostate cancers. As in the mouse model, we found positive, but not absolute, correlations between PEG10 and c-MYC in tissue arrays containing 161 human breast cancers (P
Japan's growing economic activities and the attainment patterns of foreign-born Japanese workers in the United States, 1979 to 1989.

This study examines the impact of the economic activities of Japan in the United States on the socioeconomic attainments of foreign-born Japanese male workers in 1979 and 1989. It demonstrates that working in wholesale trade finance and manufacturing industries three major sectors of Japanese investment in America provided foreign-born male Japanese workers with the highest likelihood of assuming managerial positions. Moreover the managerial occupation in turn provided the Japanese workers with the highest earnings returns. This pattern is consistent over time and by length of residence. The results suggest the importance of Japans economic globalization since the 1970s in explaining the socioeconomic attainment patterns of foreign-born Japanese workers in the United States. (EXCERPT)
Improved weight attainment of extremely low-gestational-age infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

To determine whether changes in neonatal practice and morbidity since 2000 have improved the growth attainment of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We compared the respective z-scores of the weight, length and head circumference of extremely low-gestational-age infants (aged <28 weeks) with BPD at birth, 40 weeks and 20 months corrected age (CA) during two time periods, namely period I, 1996–1999 (n=117) and period II, 2000–2003 (n=105), and examined the effects of significant changes in neonatal practice, morbidities and neurosensory outcome on 20-month growth outcomes. During the most recent period (2000–2003), there was a significant increase in mean weight z-scores (−1.60 vs −1.22) and decrease in rates of subnormal weight (40 vs 21%), P<0.05 at 20 months CA but not in those of length or head circumference. Significant predictors of the 20-month weight z-score included time period (period I vs II), duration of ventilator dependence and 20-month neurosensory abnormality (all P<0.05). Despite an improvement in weight since 2000, poor growth attainment remains a major problem among infants with BPD.
Wages and profits: A comment

Abstract Clark's (1979) model for the levels of aggregate wages and profits is respecified and reestimated using modern econometric techniques. One result is a more efficient estimate of the capital-labor substitution elasticity. In addition, the presence of very strong positive autocorrelation in one of the equations sheds doubt on Clark's assertion that a model for the levels of these variables is more appropriate than a model for their year-to-year changes.
Temperature dependence of piezoresistance of composite Fermions with a valley degree of freedom

Abstract We report transport measurements of composite Fermions at filling factor ν = 3 / 2 in AlAs quantum wells as a function of strain and temperature. In this system the composite Fermions possess a valley degree of freedom and show piezoresistance qualitatively very similar to electrons. The temperature dependence of the resistance ( R ) of composite Fermions shows a metallic behavior ( d R / d T > 0 ) for small values of valley polarization but turns insulating ( d R / d T 0 ) as they are driven to full valley polarization. The results highlight the importance of discrete degrees of freedom in the transport properties of composite Fermions and the similarity between composite Fermions and electrons.
Flow-topography interactions in the northern California Current System observed from geostationary satellite data

[1] Data from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites are used to study the seasonal evolution of temperature fronts in the northern California Current System (CCS), focusing on the interactions with topographic features. Fronts first appear close to the coast in response to upwelling winds, moving offshore with the continuous input of energy to the system. Late in the upwelling season (after July), the upwelling front is persistently found over deeper waters south of Heceta Bank, Oregon, than north of it, suggesting that the equatorward jet separates from the shelf at Heceta Bank. Inshore of the upwelling front, weak gradients are found on the Bank. The interaction of the equatorward flow with Heceta Bank and Cape Blanco, Oregon, farther south, substantially increases the mesoscale activity and oceanic frontal habitat downstream to the south in the CCS, where fronts are persistently found greater than 100 km from the coast.
Initial results from the Los Alamos photoinjector-driven free-electron laser

Abstract We report initial results on the APEX (APLE prototype experiment) photoinjector-driven infrared free-electron laser (FEL). The APEX FEL is operating in support of a Boeing Aerospace and Electronics/Los Alamos National Laboratory collaboration to build the average power laser experiment (APLE). Our system uses a high quantum efficiency (3–7%) multi-alkali photocathode, illuminated with a frequency-doubled Nd:YLF mode locked laser at 21.7 MHz. The photocathode is located in this first cell of a six-cell 1.3 GHz, 6 MeV photoinjector that feeds a linac with a final energy up to 40 MeV. Because the illuminating laser pulse on our photocathode is short (10 ps), no pulse compression is required in the linac. Emittance measurements made after the second linac tank at 15 MeV have shown that a normalized emittance (for 90% of the particles) of less than 50π mm mrad can be achieved at a peak micropulse current of 300 A. Our initial lasing has been at a wavelength of 3.6 μm over a 30 μs macropulse with an electron beam energy of 35 MeV and a 2.7 cm period permanent magnet wiggler. We are continuing to characterize and optimize our system, with particular emphasis on understanding and minimizing electron beam emittance-growth mechanisms, and subsequently improving the quality of the beam delivered to the wiggler.
Gluconeogenesis and effect of nutritional status on TCA cycle activity in the insect Manduca sexta.

Gluconeogenesis from isotopically substituted (3-13C)alanine (Ala) was demonstrated in the last larval instar of an insect, Manduca sexta, when maintained on low carbohydrate diets. 13C was incorporated into all carbons of the blood sugar trehalose (Tre), but enrichments of C1 and C6, and C2 and C5 were greatest. Relative to the amount of [3-13C]Ala metabolized, larvae maintained on a low carbohydrate diet supplemented with casein displayed the greatest enrichment of Tre. Very little de novo synthesis of Tre was observed in larvae maintained on a complete-balanced diet containing calorically equivalent amounts of sucrose and casein. Starvation failed to induce gluconeogenesis and 13C was not incorporated into Tre in starved insects. Activity of the TCA cycle contributed approximately 10% of the 13C incorporated into Tre in larvae on low carbohydrate diets, while the TCA cycle contribution in larvae on the complete diet approached 70%. The pattern of 13C enrichment of glucose in larvae on the low carbohydrate diets indicated that cytoplasmic carboxylation, possibly due to ‘malic enzyme’-like activity, contributed significantly to the synthesis of Tre. The pentose phosphate pathway was evidenced in insects on all diets. Glucose labelling ratios indicated a pentose cycling flux of 10 to 20% in insects on the low carbohydrate diets and 50% in larvae on the complete diet. Glutamine together with lesser amounts of glutamate and glutathione were also products of the labelled Ala. The distribution of label in these products under different dietary conditions demonstrated shifts in the relative contribution of pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities for providing substrate to the TCA cycle. In the expected fashion starved insects and insects on the low carbohydrate diets incorporated a greater proportion of 13C into the TCA cycle via carboxylation while incorporation by the two pathways was similar in insects on the complete diet. The significance of these findings with regard to the regulation of gluconeogenesis in M. sexta and comparison of the present results with those obtained from studies of hepatic gluconeogenesis are discussed.