cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classical dynamics of the quantum harmonic chain

The origin of classical predictability is investigated for the one dimensional harmonic chain considered as a closed quantum mechanical system. By comparing the properties of a family of coarse-grained descriptions of the chain, we conclude that local coarse grainings in this family are more useful for prediction than nonlocal ones. A quantum mechanical system exhibits classical behavior when the probability is high for histories having the correlations in time implied by classical deterministic laws. But approximate classical determinism holds only for certain coarse grainings and then only if the initial state of the system is suitably restricted. Coarse grainings by the values of the hydrodynamic variables (integrals over suitable volumes of densities of approximately conserved quantities) define the histories usually used in classical physics. But what distinguishes this coarse graining from others? This paper approaches this question by analyzing a family of coarse grainings for the linear harmonic chain. At one extreme in the family the chain is divided into local groups of N atoms. At the other extreme the N atoms are distributed nonlocally over the whole chain. Each coarse graining follows the average (center of mass) positions of the groups and ignores the ``internal'' coordinates within each group, these constituting a different environment for each coarse graining. For an initial condition where long wavelength modes are excited and short wavelength modes are distributed thermally we find that the coarse-grained positions obey deterministic equations of motion accompanied by noise. The noise is greater the more nonlocal the coarse graining. Further, the deterministic equations require more time steps to evolve over a given time interval for the nonlocal coarse grainings than for the local ones. A continuum limit is possible only for the near local coarse grainings. For parameters of the model characteristic of realistic situations these features strongly favor the local coarse grainings over the nonlocal ones for prediction. Each of these differences can be traced to the approximate conservation of the local center of mass momentum. We then consider the chain quantum mechanically and show that, for realistic parameters, all the coarse grainings decohere rapidly compared to dynamical time scales. We conclude that noise, decoherence, and computational complexity favor locality over nonlocality for deterministic predictability.
Ways of looking: the creation and social use of urban guidebooks in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century China

This article explores the intricate relationship between guidebooks and place-making in an early modern Chinese city, Nanjing. Despite all apparent similarity to a modern guidebook, the seventeenth-century guidebook Jinling tuyong (Illustrated Odes on Nanjing) offers no information regarding shopping, dining or lodging; instead, it catalogues all the possible experiences of sites in and around the city. Such a concentrated focus on spatial experiences brings to light an important change in the social role of guidebooks in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century China. As landscape appreciation developed into an important venue for status performance and social networking, the representation of space became an integral element to the construction of urban communities. In the case of Tuyong, its images even supplied a critical source of cultural continuity for Nanjing-neses during transition between the Ming and Qing empires, a finding that sheds a new light on the links between urban space and empire and serves as a useful entry for cross-cultural comparison.
Stratigraphic Completeness of Carbonate-Dominated Records From Continental Interiors Versus Continental Margins: Stratigraphic Thinning Occurs Via Condensation and Omission At Multiple Scales

Abstract Over Phanerozoic time scales, stratigraphic records from continental interiors, or cratons, are dramatically thinner and are generally assumed to be relatively incomplete, with more numerous and longer-duration hiatuses, compared to records from more rapidly subsiding continental margins. However, this assumption need not be true for the shorter time scales (i.e., several 106 years and shorter) over which accumulation of the preserved stratigraphic record on the continental interior actually takes place. This study compares carbonate-dominated sedimentary records from the Devonian continental interior (Iowa) and continental margin (Nevada) to evaluate whether the continental-interior record is (1) miniaturized, i.e., thinner, but equally complete; (2) comparable in thickness and quality where the sedimentary record is preserved, but certain portions of the record are notably absent, i.e., omitted or truncated; or (3) so invariably preserved that equivalent stratigraphic packages cannot be recognized compared to the continental-margin record. This study finds that fourth- to fifth-order cycles in Iowa are, on average, approximately half as thick and half as numerous compared to the continental margin of Nevada. Moreover, the stratigraphic record on the continental margin of Nevada is dominated by cycles that are composed of tidal-flat and shallow subtidal lithofacies, capped by simple flooding surfaces, and exhibit catch-up or keep-up depositional styles. The continental-interior record in Iowa is dominated by cycles that are composed of subtidal lithofacies, capped by a range of bounding surfaces, and exhibit catch-down or give-up depositional styles. These findings suggest that the thin record in Iowa is largely a result of low sedimentation rates associated with suppressed carbonate production in this epeiric-sea setting, rather than minimal subsidence rates and an increased potential for subaerial exposure and associated loss of record.
DISCOVERY FACTORS OF ECONOMIC FREEDOM: Respondence, epiphany, and serendipity

Economists place a heavy emphasis on equilibrium model building, and this emphasis leads them to think of economic freedom as the freedom to choose in a neatly characterized setting. Three other facets of economic freedom, facets that tend to be eclipsed by model building, are the freedom to respond flexibly to opportunities (which I associate with Coase), the freedom to discover opportunities by epiphany (associated with Kirzner), and the freedom to discover opportunities by serendipity (associated with Alchian). Neglect of these discovery factors tends toward an under-appreciation of freedom.
Adding Bankruptcy to Models of Investment

Tests for liquidity constraints typically rely on investment models which do not fully incorporate bankruptcy risk. By explicitly adding bankruptcy risk to a model of investment I show that prior findings of liquidity constraints may instead be finding bankruptcy risk. Empirically, bankruptcy risk appears to be both a statistically and economically significant determinant of investment.
On the influence of protein-DNA register during homologous recombination

Homologous recombination enables the exchange of genetic information between related DNA molecules and is a driving force in evolution. Using single-molecule optical microscopy we have recently shown that members of the Rad51/RecA family of recombinases stabilize paired homologous strand of DNA in precise 3-nt increments. Here we discuss an interesting conceptual implication of these results, which is that the recombinases may actively sense and reorganize their alignment register relative to the bound DNA sequences to ensure optimal base triplet pairing interactions during the early stages of recombination.
Late Pleistocene regional extension rate derived from earthquake geology of late Quaternary faults across the Great Basin, Nevada, between 38.5°N and 40°N latitude

Maps showing Quaternary deposits and active fault traces, paleoseismic trenches, scarp diffusion analyses, and soil characteristics in displaced alluvial surfaces are combined with previous paleoseismic studies to examine the character of late Pleistocene earthquake recurrence and estimate the net extension rate across the interior of the Great Basin of the western United States at the latitude of ~39°N. The study area includes faults bounding the Desatoya, Toiyabe, Monitor, Simpson Park, Toquima, Antelope, Fish Creek, Butte, Egan, and Schell Creek Ranges. The rate of earthquake recurrence is documented to be significantly less than observed within the Walker Lane–Central Nevada seismic belt and along the Wasatch, which respectively define the western and eastern boundaries of the interior of the Great Basin. Late Pleistocene extension across the interior of the Great Basin is calculated to equal ~1 mm/yr across the 450 km transect and is consistent with rates defined by recent geodetic studies. The agreement in extension rate estimates over different time scales indicates that tectonic deformation in the Great Basin has been characterized by relatively slow and consistent extension through the late Pleistocene to the present. The internal deformation of the Great Basin and the pattern of strain release may reflect a broad transition zone from northwest-directed shear in the west to extension along the eastern edge of the Pacific–North American plate boundary.
Study of Plasma Liner Driven Magnetized Target Fusion Via Advanced Simulations

The feasibility of the plasma liner driven Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) via terascale numerical simulations will be assessed. In the MTF concept, a plasma liner, formed by merging of a number (60 or more) of radial, highly supersonic plasma jets, implodes on the target in the form of two compact plasma toroids, and compresses it to conditions of the fusion ignition. By avoiding major difficulties associated with both the traditional laser driven inertial confinement fusion and solid liner driven MTF, the plasma liner driven MTF potentially provides a low-cost and fast R&D path towards the demonstration of practical fusion energy. High fidelity numerical simulations of full nonlinear models associated with the plasma liner MTF using state-of-art numerical algorithms and terascale computing are necessary in order to resolve uncertainties and provide guidance for future experiments. At Stony Brook University, we have developed unique computational capabilities that ideally suite the MTF problem. The FronTier code, developed in collaboration with BNL and LANL under DOE funding including SciDAC for the simulation of 3D multi-material hydro and MHD flows, has beenbenchmarked and used for fundamental and engineering problems in energy science applications. We have performed 3D simulations of converging supersonic plasma jets, their mergermore » and the formation of the plasma liner, and a study of the corresponding oblique shock problem. We have studied the implosion of the plasma liner on the magnetized plasma target by resolving Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in 2D and 3D and other relevant physics and estimate thermodynamic conditions of the target at the moment of maximum compression and the hydrodynamic efficiency of the method.« less
The effects of oral contraceptives on respiration

The effect synthetic progestins found in current oral contraceptives may exert on respiratory function has not been thoroughly investigated. This study monitored potential changes in respiratory parameters 3 and 6 months subsequent to beginning administration. Static and timed spirometric maneuvers showed significant increases in only tidal volume (P = 0.01). Ventilatory response to treadmill exercise monitored the oxygen uptake, CO2 elimination (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), and respiratory exchange ratio at each of four workloads. An analysis of the covariance (ANCOVA) for the slopes revealed no significant variation between test periods. The ANCOVA for the means showed increases in VE and VCO2. These results suggest a stimulatory role for synthetic progestins, although ventilatory performance in response to moderate exercise does not appear compromised.
The Nationalists of 1781–1783 and the Economic Interpretation of the Constitution

IN spite of such leaders as George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Robert Morris, and others who were later enrolled among the Founding Fathers, the Nationalist movement of 1781-1783 has not made a distinct impression on historical interpretations of the early national period. Surprisingly, it is seldom brought into disputes over the economic background of the Constitution-a matter to which it is precisely relevant.' It should make a difference to historians that constitutional revision and Hamiltonian funding were first linked together not in 1787, not in 1790, but in the closing years of the Revolution. The movement to reorganize the central government was started by the Nationalists of 1781-1783. They coupled economic with political objectives, formulated a program, and lined up a body of actual and potential supporters for whom such a program had a special appeal. The merger of political and economic goals was organic, and the essential elements of Hamiltonian funding were adopted with the Constitution. The effort to strengthen Congress began in 1780, in many ways the most discouraging year of the war, when military defeats and the depreciation of paper money seriously undermined patriot morale. Congress, convinced that any further output of Continental currency would destroy what little value it still had, ended emissions late in 1779-a courageous act, but one that left it without funds. As long as Continental currency had value, Congress
A Macrocyclic Chelator with Unprecedented Th4+ Affinity

A novel macrocyclic octadentate ligand incorporating terephthalamide binding units has been synthesized and evaluated for the chelation of Th4+. The thorium complex was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and in solution with kinetic studies and spectrophotometric titrations. Dye displacement kinetic studies show that the ligand is a much more rapid chelator of Th4+ than prevailing ligands (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid). Furthermore, the resulting complex was found to have a remarkably high thermodynamic stability, with a formation constant of 1054. These data support potential radiotherapeutic applications.
Two-Color Picosecond Measurements on Electron-Hole Plasmas Close to the Melting Phase Transition

We demonstrate a novel technique to study in detail the picosecond dynamics of semiconductors close to the melting phase transition. A variable-energy IR pulse (1.06 μm) is used to melt Si or GaAs samples via free carrier absorption (FCA) in the dense and hot electron-hole plasma (EHP) produced by a preceding visible (532 nm) pulse. By varying the delay between the pulses and their relative intensities, we are able to verify the Lietoila-Gibbons model for pulsed laser heating, and to measure in detail important parameters of the EHP over a wide range of experimental conditions.
Runway performance following changes in sucrose rewards

Three groups of rats (N = 21) received 43 runway trials for 400 licks of a 20% solution, 400 licks of a 3% solution, or 20 licks of a 3% solution (Stage 1), all followed by 36 trials at 20 licks, 3% (Stage 2).Stage 1 response speeds were determined by both concentration and number of licks. Speeds in Stage 2 changed less rapidly than has been observed in previous studies; the group shifted in both number and concentration remained above the control level for the duration of the experiment.
Class Size Effects on Fourth-Grade Mathematics Achievement: Evidence from TIMSS 2011.

ABSTRACTClass size reduction policies have been widely implemented around the world in recent years. However, findings about the effects of class size on student achievement have been mixed. This study examines class size effects on fourth-grade mathematics achievement in 14 European countries using data from TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) 2011. We employ quasi-experimental methodology (i.e., instrumental variables and regression discontinuity) to facilitate causal inferences of class size effects. Although we find some evidence of class size effects in Romania and the Slovak Republic, overall there are no systematic patterns of class size effects across countries. The results indicate that in most European countries class size reduction may not improve mathematics achievement in fourth grade.
Transcriptional regulation of human inducible nitric oxide synthase gene in an intestinal epithelial cell line

The inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed during inflammation of the intestine and may contribute to tissue injury. We have examined iNOS transcriptional regulation in DLD-1 cells, a human intestinal epithelial line that produces large amounts of nitric oxide and iNOS mRNA in response to a combination of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Levels of iNOS mRNA are extremely low in unstimulated DLD-1 cells but increase dramatically after cytokine treatment. Nuclear run-on analyses demonstrated that transcriptional activation, which accounts for a portion of this increase, is dependent on both IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma and requires de novo protein synthesis. Transfection of DLD-1 cells with reporter constructs containing deletions of the iNOS promoter showed that sequences located between 8.7 and 10.7 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site are necessary for cytokine responsiveness. This region contains potential binding sites for several cytokine-induced transcription factors and was shown to function in either orientation when placed upstream of a basal iNOS promoter segment terminating at-1.1 kb. The extremely distal location of the cytokine-responsive region contrasts with the reported positions of elements involved in the regulation of iNOS transcription in other cell types. Our data also suggest that posttranscriptional events could play a significant role in regulating iNOS gene expression in human intestinal epithelia.
Combustion Optimization for 1 000 MW Ultra-supercritical Tower Boiler

The coking problem of 1 000 MW ultra-supercritical tower boilers which exists for a long time is solved effectively by combustion optimization tests.Meanwhile,the reheating steam temperature is significantly increased.The power consumption of forced and induced draft fans and the NOX emission concentration are reduced and the margins of these draft fans are greatly increased.Therefore the overall safety and economy of boilers are improved.
Resistance Inheritance of Five Cultivars to Rice Blast Races IB-1,IE-1k and IG-1 of USA

In order to research the inheritance of rice blast(Magnaporthe grisea) resistance of five cultivars to three major races of IB-1,IE-1k and IG-1,four American cultivars,Katy,Mars,LaGrue,and Newbonnet,and one Chinese cultivar,Teging in a complete diallel design was conducted in University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff,USA in 2008 and 2009.The parents,F1 and F2 were inoculated with these three races separately to test blast responses in the greenhouse of Rice Research Center in Stuttgart,Arkansas,USA in 2008 and 2009.Results: Teqing was resistant to all the three races.Katy was resistant to IB-1 and IG-1,but not to IE-1k.Mars was resistant to IE-1k,but susceptible to the other two.LaGrue was susceptible to all the three races.Newbonnet was susceptible to IB-1 and IE-1k,but resistant to IG-1.Experimental data showed six types of segregation ratio in the F2 progenies of the complete diallel crosses: 1) 63 R∶1 S indicated three dominant genes independently responsible for blast resistance;2) 15 R∶1 S suggested two dominant genes independently responsible for blast resistance;3) 7 R∶9 S suggested two genes working dominantly and complementarily resulting in blast susceptibility;4) 3 R∶1 S fitted in the single dominant gene model controlling blast resistance;5) 1 R∶0 S indicated allelic genes in two resistant parents;6) 0 R∶1 S indicated allelic genes in two susceptible parents.In most cases,resistant gene(s) was dominant over susceptible regardless of parents and blast races with only one exception.Susceptible F1 derived from resistant Mars with susceptible Katy,LaGrue and Newbonnet,respectively,indicated that the resistant gene(s) to race IE-1k in Mars was recessive.The recessive resistant gene model was verified by the segregation ratio of 7 R∶9 S in all F2 progenies from those F1 hybrids.Further more,this segregation ratio suggested that the two genes were complementarily involved.No differences of blast segregation between reciprocal crosses from any cultivars to any blast race were observed.Therefore,cytoplasm was not involved in the inheritance of blast in rice.
Study on overweight and obesity status and its influencing factors among civil servants in Xicheng District of Beijing

[Objective]To understand overweight and obesity status and its influencing factors among civil servants in Xicheng District of Beijing.[Methods]All of the civil servants of 2 government agencies,which were randomly selected in Xicheng District of Beijing,were investigated by the questionnaire designed by Chinese center for health education.[Results]The prevalence rate of overweight and obesity was 44. 5% among respondents. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of overweight and obesity included excess salt and greasiness diet( OR = 1. 767),40 ～ 60 years old( OR = 2. 183),physical exercise( OR value is 2. 065 when people takes physical exercise 3 to 4 times a week,OR value is 3. 082 when people takes physical exercise over 5 times a week),and female( OR = 0. 245). [Conclusion]The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high among civil servants in Xicheng District of Beijing. In future,the intervention of overweight and obesity should be strengthened.Meanwhile,it is necessary to pay more attention to healthy population to reduce the incidence rate of overweight and obesity.
Pancreatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study of Epidemiology, Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Outcomes.

ObjectivesSquamous metaplasia is commonly detected in pancreatic parenchyma; however, primary pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare malignancy with unknown incidence and unclear prognosis.MethodsSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries were examined identifying panc
Hormonal Regulation of Calcium Metabolism

In terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, maintenance of adequate concentrations calcium ion in the extracellular fluid requires the activity of two hormones, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and a derivative of vitamin D called calcitriol. In primitive vertebrates living in a marine environment, guarding against excessively high concentrations of calcium requires another hormone, calcitonin, which appears to have only vestigial activity in humans. Calcium enters into a wide range of cellular and molecular processes. Changes of its concentration within cells regulate enzymatic activities and fundamental cellular events such as muscular contraction, secretion, and cell division. Normally, adults are in calcium balance; that is, on average, daily intake equals daily loss in urine and feces. The cellular mechanisms by which extracellular calcium regulates PTH secretion are poorly understood. In addition to the primary endocrine regulators of calcium balance, it is apparent that many other endocrine and paracrine factors influence calcium balance. Many of the systemic hormones directly or indirectly have an impact on calcium balance. All of the hormones that govern growth—namely, growth hormone, the insulin-like growth factors, and thyroidal and gonadal hormones—directly or indirectly influence the activity of bone cells and calcium balance. Defects in calcium metabolism are also seen in hyperthyroidism and in conditions of excess or deficiency of adrenal cortical hormones.
Matrix-Isolated Infrared Absorption Spectrum of CH2IOO Radical

The bromomethylperoxy radical, CH_2BrOO, has been generated in cryogenic matrices. Six fundamental bands for CH_2BrOO have been observed in an argon matrix at 5 K. The experimental frequencies (cm^(−1)) are: ν_4 = 1274.3, ν_5 = 1229.4, ν_6 = 1086.7, ν_7 = 961.8, ν_8 = 879.9, and ν_(10) = 515.4, two of which are detected for the first time. Ab initio calculations have been performed employing coupled-cluster methods. The experimental frequencies are shown to be in good agreement with the computation as well as the four bands (ν_4, ν_6, ν_7 and ν_8) observed by Huang and Lee in the gas phase.
Hot Water Epilepsy

The clinical and electroencephalographic features of 21 patients with hot water epilepsy (HWE) have been analysed at the University of Istanbul, Turkey.
Stabilizing traffic with a single autonomous vehicle: WiP abstract

This work focuses on technologies for cyber-physical systems (CPS) to mitigate traffic instabilities that adversely affect fuel consumption (e.g., stop-and-go waves) via precise velocity control of a small number of autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the highway. The main finding is that even a single autonomous vehicle may substantially reduce undesirable traffic waves in its vicinity when properly controlled. The general approach is to use AVs and their sensors to detect congestion events, and then close the loop by carefully following prescribed velocity controllers that are demonstrated to reduce the fuel consumption of the overall traffic flow.
Effect of Temperature on Counting Measurements in a Uranium Enrichment Monitor Based on a NaI(Tl) Spectrometer and Transmission Source

We have studied the stability of a NaI(T1) scintillation detector and a commercial, general-purpose, digital, multichannel analyzer (MCA) used in uranium enrichment monitoring and have evaluated their combined sensitivity to temperature. The method used to calculate enrichment is very sensitive to any error that may be introduced by the instrument when measuring the intensity of the transmission peak corrected by the dead time (DT). An error as small as 0.1% in the attenuation of the transmission-peak count rate results in about a 3% error in the enrichment calculation. The demand for such an unusually high level of accuracy challenges the capabilities of an off-the-shelf instrument. The experimental data show that a variation of +/-10degC in the room temperature can cause a 0.4% change in the count rate of the transmission peak, even though the gain stabilization system holds the transmission peak at a specified channel. We have observed that the temperature changes the MCA's pileup rejector efficiency and, thus, the DT correction. This is because the shapers in the fast and slow channels have different temperature characteristics. We have utilized a custom-designed detector preamplifier that stabilizes the preamplifier pulse shape over the working temperature range.
An open trial of cognitive behavioral therapy with contingency management for hoarding disorder

Abstract Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for hoarding disorder (HD) has resulted in statistically significant improvements in hoarding symptoms, but gains have been modest and most participants continue to have clinically significant symptoms at post treatment. Contingency management, an empirically-supported intervention for substance use, may be effective in overcoming barriers to effective treatment of HD, such as fluctuating motivation and insight. The objective of the current open trial was to examine the potential effectiveness of contingency management for HD in the context of a cognitive-behavioral group therapy. Twenty-two patients completing 16-week CBT groups for HD were administered monthly contingency payments based on independent evaluator-rated reductions in overall in-home clutter. Mixed effects models suggested significant reductions in hoarding symptoms as measured by the Saving Inventory-Revised (SI-R; Frost, Steketee, & Grisham, 2004) and the Clutter Image Rating Scale (CIR; Frost, Steketee, Tolin, & Renaud, 2008), with SI-R reductions resulting in a large effect size (Cohen's d =2.59) that surpassed those obtained previously in trials of CBT for HD. Mean total earning per patient was $139, and ranged from $0 to $270. These preliminary results suggest that contingency management shows promise as a cost-efficient adjunctive intervention to boost gains in CBT for HD.
Ticagrelor for Neuroendovascular Procedures: A Case Series.

Background:The development of thromboembolism is one of the most common complications of neuroendovascular procedures. Although several small studies have deemed clopidogrel safe and effective in t...
Comicellization of Binary PEO–PPO–PEO Triblock Copolymer Mixtures in Ethylammonium Nitrate

The micellization of dilute solutions of Pluronic block copolymers P123 (EO20–PO70–EO20) and F127 (EO106–PO70–EO106) and comicellization of binary mixtures in partially deuterated ethylammonium nitrate (d3EAN, a protic ionic liquid) are studied by small-angle neutron scattering. The average Pluronics composition in micelles shows a linear dependence on the bulk Pluronic composition. The mole ratio between P123 molecules in the micelles to those existing as unimers in solvent increases with temperature and P123 concentration. At a fixed F127/P123 ratio, the micelle core radius, the micelle corona thickness, and the aggregation number decrease with increasing temperature, while the total micelle volume fraction increases. At a fixed temperature, increasing P123 content in the binary mixtures leads to a weak minimum in micelle core size and aggregation number and a weak maximum in micelle corona thickness and total volume fraction of micelles. The comicellization behavior in d3EAN resembles that in aqueous s...
Subendocardial Ischemia in the Absence of Coronary Artery Disease

When people with coronary atherosclerosis develop angina pectoris or do strenuous exercise, their electrocardiograms frequently show in the left precordial leads ST segment depression that is generally ascribed to subendocardial ischemia. Similar electrocardiographic changes have been seen in patients with severe aortic stenosis or incompetence, or severe right ventricular hypertension, even when the coronary arteries are normal. In 1955 Marquis and Logan showed that patients with congenital aortic stenosis and electrocardiographic signs of subendocardial ischemia had subendocardial necrosis and fibrosis in the left ventricle, and suggested that the damage was ischemic in origin. Their findings have been confirmed many times since then (Moller, Nakeb and Edwards, 1966; Schwarz, Flameng, Schaper et al., 1978; Cheitlin, Robinowitz, McAllister et al., 1980).
Home Safety Fall and Accident Risk Among Prematurely Aging, Formerly Homeless Adults.

Objective Homelessness prematurely ages people. A large subgroup of formerly homeless adults between ages 40 and 64 yr have health conditions similar to or worse than people categorized as elderly. Little is known about the impact of this group's chronic health conditions on their ability to safely function in supportive housing. Method Home safety visits were carried out with 25 formerly homeless adults, ages 40-64 yr, now residing in supportive housing. Results Participants had physical, cognitive, and mental health problems that significantly interfered with their ability to perform daily life skills, safely function in an apartment, and manage chronic health conditions. Home safety hazards included cluttered walking paths, the presence of steps, and the lack of grab bars and nonskid flooring. Conclusion The homeless population would benefit from aging specialists, such as occupational therapists, who could help people to maintain and function more safely in their homes. Without such services, this population may be at risk for home safety events leading to hospitalization and mortality.
Mapping Dante: A Digital Platform for the Study of Places in the Commedia

This essay presents Mapping Dante, a project for the study of the geography of the Divine Comedy through a digital map visualizing all the place-names mentioned in the text. First, the project background is sketched out by a concise overview of the history of the reception and visualization of Dante’s geography, of the constellation of digital Dante projects, and of GIS literary mapping. Second, specific stages and issues of Mapping Dante are discussed: the making of the dataset and its categories, the heterogeneity of medieval geography, the structure of the map with layers and pop-up cards. Conceived as a repository of Dante’s encyclopedic use of geography in the Commedia, the map is also an experiment in connecting text and cartography through the possibilities offered by GIS technology. By exploring different visualizations of a set layers based on textual, cultural and rhetorical categories, users can search for patterns in the distribution of Dante’s geographical references, and can retrieve information relevant to each passage in which a place is mentioned.
Modeling coupled hydro-bio-mechanical processes in bioreactor landfills: Framework and validation

Bioreactor landfills using leachate recirculation in municipal solid waste (MSW) undergo complex interrelated hydraulic, mechanical, and biochemical processes. In this study, the authors present a mathematical framework that combines and solves together a hydraulic model, a biodegradation model, and a mechanical model to simulate and predict the coupled hydro-bio-mechanical behavior of MSW in bioreactor landfills. The mathematical framework was implemented in Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC), a finite difference code. The hydraulic model was a two-phase flow model where the fluid flow was governed by Darcy’s law while the saturated–unsaturated hydraulic behavior was governed by a soil-water retention model. The mechanical behavior of the MSW was evaluated by a plane-strain explicit formulation of the Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model, which accounted for concurrent changes in the MSW properties as a result of the MSW degradation. The MSW decomposition was modeled as a first-order decay kinetics biodegradation model similar to the LandGEM model used by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The coupled mathematical framework was validated with a published large-scale laboratory experiment and a field-scale experiment. It was applied to simulate the coupled behavior of a typical bioreactor landfill cell undergoing hydro-bio-mechanical interactions. Overall, the study shows that the proposed mathematical framework accounted for both the spatial and temporal changes in the geotechnical properties of the MSW, including the extent of degradation, and predicted the landfill settlement and MSW stabilization time for a typical bioreactor landfill configuration subjected to coupled hydro-bio-mechanical processes. In addition, some of the limitations and key challenges associated with the numerical model are highlighted.
METABOLIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PREDICTORS OF WEIGHT REGAIN AMONG BEHAVIORAL WEIGHT LOSS PARTICIPANTS

Robert A. Carels, Ph.D., Advisor Obesity may soon surpass smoking as the leading contributor to preventable death in the United States. While weight loss treatment outcomes have improved over time, weight loss maintenance following treatment is a significant problem. The present study explored metabolic, psychological and behavioral predictors of weight regain among 40 obese adults 6 months following completion of a 6-month behavioral weight loss program (BWLP). Predictor variables were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and the 6 month follow-up. Multiple regression analyses revealed statistical trends for higher post-treatment and follow-up resting metabolic rate (RMR) to be associated with superior weight loss maintenance from post-treatment to follow-up (but not from pre-treatment to follow-up) after controlling for fat-free mass (FFM) and fat-mass (FM). In addition, a higher follow-up RMR was significantly associated with superior weight loss maintenance after controlling for FFM, FM, and caloric intake. At follow-up, lower levels of dietary disinhibition and binge eating, greater levels of cognitive dietary restraint, greater internal locus of control, and less of a tendency to attribute weight to medical factors were all significantly correlated with superior weight loss maintenance. However, the psychological variables did not mediate the relationship between RMR and weight loss maintenance. Greater physical activity at post-treatment and follow-up was correlated with superior weight loss maintenance, but calorie and fat intake were not. The results suggest that RMR assessed at some point after a BWLP is generally associated with weight loss maintenance following treatment and that it is important to control for body size and caloric intake in such analyses. Therefore,
On approximating rough curves with fractal functions

Fractal functions are explored as a representation for rough data in computer graphics. Two new techniques for using fractal interpolation functions to approximate rough functions and curves are introduced. The first is based on a Hough transform of fractal function transformation parameters. The second is based on previous techniques in fractal image compression. These techniques are then demonstrated on the task of recovering the parameters of a fractal function, approximating a rough function and approximating the boundary of a leaf.
Charged Particles in Medical Diagnosis

Conventional x-ray radiography is based on the detection of normal and diseased states by recording the attenuation of photons. The attenuation of photons is dependent upon both the electron density and atomic number integrated through the x-ray path. Although the use of contrast agents is of considerable help, one of the important limitations of x-ray radiography has been to detect the size, shape, and position of soft tissue tumors accurately. This is due in part to the similar atomic composition of soft tissue tumors and normal surrounding tissue. Prior to CT x-ray imaging, the presence of large abdominal masses was frequently determined by the extent of distortion and displacement of adjacent anatomical structures filled with contrast media rather than by direct imaging of the mass.
Momentum and Long-Run Risks

I model the cross section of equity securities inside a long-run risks economy of Bansal and Yaron (2004). Consistent with the implications of the model, I show a new empirical stylized fact: momentum portfolios have time-varying long-run consumption betas and time-varying expected returns. The time variation is driven by interactions between security-level expected returns, long-run risk factor realizations during the formation period and the momentum selection mechanism. Adjusting portfolio realized returns for model-implied time-varying expected returns eliminates the majority of momentum profits. Simulations of a firm-level model produce a substantial momentum effect while simultaneously generating a large equity premium and matching other relevant moments of the data such as transitions of securities across momentum portfolios.
Blood Clot: gaming to reinforce learning about disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Background The game, Blood Clot, is an educational tool to reinforce learning following a lecture about disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Method The game was implemented as an educational update for thirty Registered Nurses in a hospital setting. Results The game reinforced learning of lecture material and stimulated group involvement and communication. Conclusion The self-report evaluations indicate Blood Clot enhanced communication within the group and application of lecture material to solve problems.
Wann zahlt sich vertikale Integration aus

Fur viele Geschaftseinheiten haben Entscheidungen uber die „vertikale Spannweite“ ihres Betriebes entscheidende strategische Bedeutung.1 In einigen Situationen, so wird behauptet, ist ein angemessener Grad der vertikalen Integration (Wertschopfungstiefe) sogar uberlebenswichtig. Hierfur ein Beispiel: Mitte der 70er Jahre war die Bowmar Instrument Company, Marktfuhrer im Bereich Taschenrechner, von Texas Instruments, einem Konkurrenten, hinsichtlich der Lieferungen von integrierten Schaltkreisen abhangig. Die Tatsache, das Bowmar fur diese wichtigen Bauteile hohere Kosten ansetzen muste sowie ihr Unvermogen, an ausreichende Mengen zu kommen, um saisonbedingte Nachfrageverschiebungen auszugleichen, waren wichtige Faktoren, die zum spateren Ende des Unternehmens fuhrten. Im umgekehrten Fall haben viele Beobachter einen Teil der Schwierigkeiten, in denen sich die amerikanische Automobilbranche befindet, auf ubermasige vertikale Integration zuruckgefuhrt. Robert Hayes und William Abernathy meinten dazu: „Bei der Entscheidung, ruckwarts zu integrieren (eigene Produktion verschiedener Bauteile) aufgrund scheinbarer kurzfristiger Gewinne, beschneiden Manager sehr oft spatere innovative Moglichkeiten.“2 So rechtfertigte z. B. bis vor kurzem General Motors seine extensive vertikale Integration mit der Behauptung, man „spare den Gewinn der Zulieferer ein, indem man seine Komponenten selber fertige.“3 Im Dezember 1986 verkundete General Motors jedoch die Schliesung einer ihrer Produktionsstatten. Da hies es, man hoffe das Werk weiterhin als unabhangigen Zulieferer zu halten und somit niedrigere Kosten zu erzielen.
Abstract SY24-02: Improving radio-sensitivity in cervical cancer by targeting tumor metabolism

Our group has previously shown that cervical cancers that take up large quantities of glucose, as defined by pretreatment 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging, are resistant to standard-of-care treatment (cisplatin plus concurrent pelvic irradiation). In this session, we will review the clinical evidence that supports this finding, and translational studies that support a connection between aberrant PI3K/AKT signaling and increased glucose uptake in tumors. We will then detail recent preclinical evidence that supports simultaneous inhibition of glycolysis and redox metabolism as an effective and safe alternative treatment strategy for highly glycolytic, radiation-resistant cervical cancers. Ongoing efforts to identify, characterize, and validate biomarkers to guide this strategy will be discussed. Citation Format: Julie K. Schwarz. Improving radio-sensitivity in cervical cancer by targeting tumor metabolism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY24-02.
Clinician versus patient: Who gets it right when assessing function in palliative care?

40Background: The Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) is an important prognostic indicator in cancer care. Additionally, patient-reported outcomes are increasingly incorporated into clinical care and are validated in cancer patients with the NIH’s Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). However, little is known about the concordance of the provider-rated KPS and patient-rated PROMIS measures. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with advanced cancer who underwent implantation of an intrathecal pump for refractory pain. We compared KPS and PROMIS scores recorded within 1 week of each other. PROMIS scores included an average score and 3 domains: physical function, fatigue, and pain interference. We divided each measure into 3 previously-described categories (Functionally Independent, Needs Limited Assistance, and Functionally Dependent) and assessed categorical concordance within each measure. The association of patient-related demographic and clinical characteristics were anal...
Structural Characterization of Biomolecules through Atomistic Simulations Guided by DEER Measurements.

Summary Double electron-electron resonance (DEER) is a popular technique that exploits attached spin labels to probe the collective dynamics of biomolecules in a native environment. Like most spectroscopic approaches, DEER detects an ensemble of states accounting for biomolecular dynamics as well as the labels’ intrinsic flexibility. Hence, the DEER data alone do not provide high-resolution structural information. To disentangle this variability, we introduce a minimally biased simulation method to sample a structural ensemble that reproduces multiple experimental signals within the uncertainty. In contrast to previous approaches, our method targets the raw data themselves, and thereby it brings forth an unbiased molecular interpretation of the experiments. After validation on the T4 lysozyme, we apply this technique to interpret recent DEER experiments on a membrane transporter binding protein (VcSiaP). The results highlight the large-scale conformational movement that occurs upon substrate binding and reveal that the unbound VcSiaP is more open in solution than the X-ray structure.
Predicting Classifier Performance with Limited Training Data: Applications to Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Breast and Prostate Cancer

Clinical trials increasingly employ medical imaging data in conjunction with supervised classifiers, where the latter require large amounts of training data to accurately model the system. Yet, a classifier selected at the start of the trial based on smaller and more accessible datasets may yield inaccurate and unstable classification performance. In this paper, we aim to address two common concerns in classifier selection for clinical trials: (1) predicting expected classifier performance for large datasets based on error rates calculated from smaller datasets and (2) the selection of appropriate classifiers based on expected performance for larger datasets. We present a framework for comparative evaluation of classifiers using only limited amounts of training data by using random repeated sampling (RRS) in conjunction with a cross-validation sampling strategy. Extrapolated error rates are subsequently validated via comparison with leave-one-out cross-validation performed on a larger dataset. The ability to predict error rates as dataset size increases is demonstrated on both synthetic data as well as three different computational imaging tasks: detecting cancerous image regions in prostate histopathology, differentiating high and low grade cancer in breast histopathology, and detecting cancerous metavoxels in prostate magnetic resonance spectroscopy. For each task, the relationships between 3 distinct classifiers (k-nearest neighbor, naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine) are explored. Further quantitative evaluation in terms of interquartile range (IQR) suggests that our approach consistently yields error rates with lower variability (mean IQRs of 0.0070, 0.0127, and 0.0140) than a traditional RRS approach (mean IQRs of 0.0297, 0.0779, and 0.305) that does not employ cross-validation sampling for all three datasets.
On the Ethical Criteria for Health-Promoting Nudges: The Importance of Conceptual Clarity.

In his article “Ethical Criteria for Health-Promoting Nudges: A Case-by-Case Analysis,” Bart Engelen (2019) synthesizes a growing literature on the ethics of nudging and outlines nine criteria for ...