cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pluria Marshall, Jr. And the Wave Community Newspapers

Pluria Marshall, Jr., president of Marshall Media, is offered an opportunity to purchase a chain of 13 newspapers called the Wave Community Newspapers. The Los Angeles Times had decided to pass on the deal, which bothers Marshall. He had thought that the Times' strategy was to merge the Wave with the Times' own weekly neighborhood paper to better serve the ethnically diverse and segregated neighborhoods of greater Los Angeles. The trigger issue focuses on whether Marshall Media is capable of competing against the resources of the much larger Los Angeles Times to capture the market share of L.A.'s Latino and African American communities. This case allows an exploration of the challenge of creating and sustaining entrepreneurship in the very competitive newspaper industry. The case also affords a discussion of techniques for managing costs in urban environments.
Development of a track in global and humanitarian health for neurology residents.

Neurology trainee interest in global health is rapidly increasing, but few neurology residency programs have formal opportunities for residents to pursue training in global health.1 Residents who participate in rotations abroad are at times inadequately prepared or insufficiently supported, which can lead to a detrimental burden on the host institution and negatively impact residents' experiences.2 We report the development of a track in global and humanitarian health aimed to provide a structured curriculum in the practice of neurology in resource-limited settings for neurology residents. The authors thank Dr. Farrah J. Mateen and Dr. Kate Brizzi for comments on this manuscript.
Cyclin D1 suppresses retinoblastoma protein-mediated inhibition of TAFII250 kinase activity.

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein has been shown to bind directly and inhibit a transcriptionally-important amino-terminal kinase domain of TATA-binding protein-associated factor TAFII250. Cyclin D1 also is able to associate with the amino terminus of TAFII250 in a region very similar to or overlapping the Rb-binding site. In this study, we have examined whether cyclin D1 affects the functional interaction between Rb and TAFII250. We observed that when cyclin D1 is co-incubated with Rb and TAFII250, the ability of Rb to inhibit TAFII250 kinase activity is effectively blocked. However, cyclin D1 by itself has no apparent effect on TAFII250 kinase activity. We further found that the Rb-related protein p107 can inhibit TAFII250 kinase activity, and this inhibition is likewise alleviated by cyclin D1. Cyclin D1 prevents the kinase-inhibitory effect of an Rb mutant unable to bind to D-type cyclins, indicating that it is acting through its association with TAFII250 and not with Rb. However, we found no evidence of TAFII250-binding competition between Rb and cyclin D1 in vitro. The adenovirus E1A protein, which also binds to both Rb and TAFII250, exhibited a suppressive effect on Rb-mediated kinase inhibition similar to that seen with cyclin D1. Our results suggest a novel means by which cyclin D1 may be able to independently regulate the activity of Rb.
Noise Mitigation in High Speed and High Reynolds Number Jets Using Plasma Actuators

*† ‡ § This work is part of our ongoing research in the development and application of localized arc filament plasma actuators (LAFPA) to control high-speed and high Reynolds number jets for noise mitigation. The jet in the current work is an axisymmetric Mach 0.9 jet with a Reynolds number based on the nozzle exit diameter of 7.6x10 5 . We increased the number of actuators, distributed azimuthally inside the nozzle, near the nozzle exit, from 8 to 12, enabling us to excite higher azimuthal modes of the jet (m=0 to 5 and m=±1, ±2, ±3, and ±6) over a large frequency range (StDF of 0.1 to 5.0). Time-resolved pressure measurements, PIV measurements along with the Galilean decomposition of the velocity field, and far-field acoustic measurements were used to investigate the growth and decay of perturbations and instability waves in the flow, to visualize large-scale structures and the effects of control on the turbulence field, and to evaluate the control effects on the radiated noise field. Excitations with lower frequencies coupled to the flow, and the instability waves grew slowly, saturated farther downstream, stayed saturated for a longer time, and then gradually decayed, similar to the reported results in the literature using other techniques. The saturation and decay of instability waves moved upstream as the excitation frequency increased. Instability waves with higher azimuthal modes exhibited faster decay. Excitation of the jet around the jet preferred mode Strouhal number produced robust and coherent large-scale structures, similar to those in much lower speed and lower Reynolds number jets. The structures became smaller and less coherent in higher Strouhal number excitation. Far-field acoustic results show a significant noise increase when the jet is excited around the jet preferred mode Strouhal number (StDF=0.2-0.5), with larger increase from the shallower angle to the jet axis (30°) to the larger angle (90°), in agreement with the results in the literature. Noise reduction is observed over a large excitation frequency range - this reduction seems to peak around StDF =1.0 to 2.0 at 30°, but around StDF =3.0 to 3.5 at 90°. While forcing the jet with higher azimuthal modes (limited to m=0 to 5 in the current experiments, extended from m=0 to 3 in our previous work) is advantageous for noise mitigation at 30° and lower frequencies, the effect is not as clear in higher forcing frequencies and at 90°.
A Response to “Key Issues and Research Agendas in Lone Wolf Terrorism”

In “Key Issues and Research Agendas in Lone Wolf Terrorism,” published in Issue 3 of 2015, Ramon Spaaij and Mark S. Hamm (hereafter SH) mount an extended critique of the field of lone wolf terroris...
A Longitudinal Investigation of Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Psychosocial Mediators of Allostatic Load in Midlife Women: Findings From the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis research sought to assess racial and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in level and change in allostatic load (AL) over time in midlife women and to test whether psychosocial factors mediate these relationships. These factors were discrimination, perceived stress, and hos
Cognitive spatial-motor processes. 2. Information transmitted by the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and by neuronal populations in primate motor cortex and area 5.

We measured the amount of information transmitted by the direction of two-dimensional (2-D) arm movements of human subjects, and by neuronal populations in the motor cortex and area 5 of monkeys. We also compared the information transmitted by a motor cortical population when the predictability of the direction of movement was varied, i.e. when the target of the movement was the same, or different, in successive trials. The information transmitted by a neuronal population was measured using the "population vector" code (Georgopoulos et al. 1983, 1986) as the stimulated directional output of the population. We found the following. (a) The information transmitted per movement increased in all cases with input information but more slowly than the maximum possible. No asymptote had been reached at 6.64 bits of input information; the best human performance at that level was 4.5 bits. (b) The average information transmitted by a motor cortical population (N = 253 cells) was approximately 0.5 bits higher than that of best human performance at all levels of input information. These findings indicate that whereas information loss at the level of motor cortex, and during stages preceding it, increases with increasing input information, this loss remains constant at all levels of input information during processes intervening between motor cortex and movement. (c) The information transmitted by the neuronal population at a constant level of input information increased with the number of cells in the population and had not plateaued at the population size of 253 cells used in this study. (d) Consistently higher amounts of information were transmitted by motor cortical than by area 5 populations at all levels of input information (up to 7 bits) examined. The difference was approximately 0.16 bits. (e) Finally, the information transmitted by a motor cortical population was slightly higher (by 0.07 bits) when the movement was more than less predictable. Although this difference was small, it was consistent at all levels of input information (3-7 bits) and was statistically highly significant (p less than 0.005, paired t test). These results establish the information theoretical approach as a useful method for comparing (a) behavioral and neural data, (b) neural data between different brain areas, and (c) neural data obtained under different behavioral manipulations.
Microstructure of Impurity Induced Disordering at The GaAs/InGaAIP Interface

We present results on the analysis of the interdiffusion process of discrete GaAs layers into a semiinfinite InGaAIP halfspace using Si doping as an agent for enhanced interdiffusion. Very strong segregation and preferential bonding phenomena are observed, resulting in extensive defect formation and loss of lattice match at the virtual interface.
On the Selection Rules for the Identification of “Special” Interfaces

It is demonstrated that the most important geometrical parameter governing the identification of “special” interfaces is the interplanar spacing of the lattice planes parallel to the interfacial plane and not, as often assumed, the inverse density of coincident-site lattice points, Σ. A simple geometrical selection rule for the identification of “special” or “favored” boundaries is formulated on the basis of the interplanar lattice constant.
RENAL DENERVATION IMPROVES POST-INFARCTION REMODELING AND HEMODYNAMICS THROUGH MODULATION OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE PLASMA PEPTIDES

Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. We investigated the effects of renal denervation (RDN) on left ventricular (LV) function and natriuretic peptide levels in a rodent model of ischemic heart failure. Spontaneously hypertensive
Evaluation and management of the febrile infant in the emergency department.

Treating the febrile infant strikes fear in all of us. The source of fever in a very young infant may be a serious bacterial infection. A thorough physical examination is just the beginning of a complete evaluation of a febrile infant. This article discusses appropriate testing, treatment, and disposition of these patients. Within the age group addressed in this article, diagnosis and treatment of febrile neonates (i.e. age < 1 month) are the least controversial. Febrile neonates warrant thorough evaluation, complete diagnostic testing, and aggressive inpatient treatment with i.v. antibiotics. Management of infants between 1-3 months of age may be guided by clinical evaluation and laboratory investigations. In infants above 3 months of age, the clinical assessment can direct regarding laboratory testing and treatment in most of the cases.
Qohelet and the Marks of Modernity: Reading Ecclesiastes with Matthew Arnold and Charles Taylor

The biblical book of Ecclesiastes is often claimed as a harbinger of modernity. In this essay, I compare Ecclesiastes with two overlapping constructions of modernity, taken from Matthew Arnold and Charles Taylor, focusing especially on Taylor’s motifs of inwardness, narrativity, meaninglessness, and ordinary life. I suggest that the likeness to modernity in Ecclesiastes is a complex bundle of emphases held in tension, which remains hospitable to pre-modern understandings and commitments.
Implementation Considerations in Very High Level Languages

Although very high level languages offer advantages in expressivity, their naive implementations frequently suffer from run-time inefficiencies. In this paper we review some of the work aimed at improving the execution characteristics of such languages.
Brown Responds: Why Hillary Clinton Is Wrong and Bernie Sanders Is Right

The author reflects on why U.S. Democratic Presidential Candidate Hillary Clinton is incorrect in her arguments about Senator and presidential candidate Bernie Sanders' single-payer health care proposal. He admits the Affordable Care Act has had positive results and represents true progress. He suggests that if Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump becomes the Republican nominee, a Sanders campaign would have a powerful grassroots element that could remove Republicans from Congress.
A W-band silicon based phased array for helicopter operations

This talk will discuss a millimeter-wave defense application of SiGe-based phased arrays. The unique advantage of this technology is its ability to deliver large wafers with high yield and low-cost, coupled with acceptable RF performance such as NF and output power for 94 GHz applications. System-level considerations will be described as the basis for understanding the suitability of the technology.
Analysis of mesh reflector antennas with complex mesh surfaces using physical optics combined with periodic method of moments

In this paper, mesh reflector antennas with complex mesh reflecting surfaces are numerically analyzed by using the extended physical optics technique. Past method applies wire-grid or strip-aperture model to represent the local planar mesh surface on the curved reflector, which provides satisfactory results for cases of simple mesh wire structures. The method in this study applies the periodic method of moments with Rao, Wilton, and Glisson basis and testing functions, which simulates the current on realistic, complex shape of the planar mesh. Analysis for the mesh reflectors with two different mesh reflecting surfaces showed the difference in their far-field patterns especially in cross-polarization levels for circular polarization cases. This means that it is important to choose proper mesh weaving structure to obtain acceptable performance for mesh reflector antennas, and that this technique is useful in accurate performance prediction of mesh reflector antennas.
FRI0428 Epidemiology of Ankylosing Spondylitis in Taiwan: A Nationwide Population Study

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease and there are few nationwide estimates for prevalence and incidence in Taiwan. Objectives The aim of this study was to determine trends in the incidence and prevalence of AS between 2005 and 2010 among general population of Taiwan. Methods The National Health Insurance Research Database was used to identify gout patients and to estimate the prevalence and incidence of AS for each year from 2005 to 2010. To determine the trends in prevalence, incidence and management of AS, we calculated age- and sex-standardised prevalence and incidence of gout in each calendar year from 2005 to 2010 with the population structure in year 2010 as the reference. Results A total of 54,857 cases with an AS diagnosis alive in December 2010 was identified. Men had a higher prevalence (0.28% versus 0.19%) and incidence (0.51 versus 0.33 per 1,000 person-year) of AS than women. The standardised prevalence of AS had decreased from 0.30% in 2005 to 0.24% in 2010. The incidence of AS is between 0.42 and 0.50 per 1,000 person-years during 2005 and 2010. The incidence of AS in men was low in individuals younger than 19 years of age, peaked rapidly in the ages 20 to 24 years and decreased gradually. The incidence and prevalence of regions in 2010 highest in the town of Tainan (0.6% and 1.79 per 1,000 person-years) and Ilan (1.17% and 1.52 per 1,000 person-years) than other regions. Conclusions AS is a common rheumatic disease in Taiwan with a similar prevalence to rheumatoid arthritis. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Book Review: Unequal Justice: Lawyers and Social Change in Modern America, by Jerold S. Auerbach

In Unequal Justice, Jerold S. Auerbach attempts to prove that the legal profession has failed to adequately pursue equality of justice. He finds little evidence that the legal profession or its dominant factions have made an adequate effort to assure the provision of legal services according to need. On the contrary, most of the historical evidence presented in this book leads one to believe that the legal profession has accepted profit as its real goal. The author contends that, because the legal profession is responsible for formulating and applying law in a very legalistic society, it serves a very important societal function, and therefore must stand ready to resist periodic popular movements. Particularly, he believes the legal profession must stand against movements, such as “McCarthyism,” that are bent upon depriving “unpopular” citizens of their legal rights. Additionally, Auerbach asserts that lawyers must be ready to work for the realization of constitutional principles when society is ignoring or refusing to act upon existing deprivations, such as the civil rights movement of the sixties. Auerbach insists that what is necessary is the correction of law, by lawyers and judges, so as to rapidly provide justice for minority groups. He assumes his liberal view of justice is the only valid one, and that the main hindrance to its immediate realization is the legalistic emphasis on “neutral” standards which masks a conservative preference for the status quo. This assumption causes a serious weakness of the book. Auerbach would have judges making direct value choices without resort to legalisms, and wrongly argues the law must relax its adherence to the pursuit of neutral standards. Whatever the imperfections in the adherence to neutral standards, this obligation stands as the only force in law, independent of popular opinion, working toward clarification and realization of equal justice.
Demo Abstract: Event Tracker Using Social Networks

In this demo we present a tool that allows us to visualize the real world events on a map interface using the contents shared by users on Twiter and Instagram. We incorporate a novel algorithm that analyzes the data from both Twitter and Instagram for fusing the contents corresponding to the same event thereby enhancing the corroboration of the event detection techniques for the individual networks. Such a service enables tracking of events using explanation from both the social networks to give a rich experience to the users.
Good Ol’ Country Boys Playin’ on the Farm: Online Articulations of Rural Masculinity by Men Who Have Sex with Men

This study seeks to fill existing gaps in the literature about the lives of rurally-situated men who have sex with men (MSM). Much work in this field grapples with identity construction and the unique contexts faced by queer, gay, or MSM in rural areas. This study explores the ways in which this population utilizes Craigslist as a means to articulate and perform rural masculinity. Findings suggest that MSM located within rural topographies often deploy culturally contingent masculine traits specific to rural cultural and geographic locations. The relationship that rural MSM have with the Internet is complex and dialectical in nature. The present study leads the author to conceptualize rural MSM’s relationship to both rurality and same-sex sexual behavior in two primary ways: (1) to queer or fetishize the rural, and similarly, (2) to ‘ruralize’ the queer.
COMBINED HEART AND KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: IS THERE A PROTECTIVE EFFECT AGAINST CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY USING INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND?

Combined (compared to single) organ transplants have been associated with less rejection (rejn), suggesting altered immune response to the multi-organ allograft milieu. Combined heart and kidney transplantation (HKTx) has significantly increased in recent years. It is not known if kidney Tx has a
Contra-STEAM: On the Value of the Autonomy of Art

While recognizing the educational and ultimately societal values of STEM initiatives to confront gender imbalance in science and technical fields early on, as well as the virtues of interdisciplinary and collaborative problem-solving associated with STEAM, this chapter will tease out and call into question some of the assumptions and possible impacts of including art in that mix of disciplines, from the standpoint of a longstanding split in the theorization of art between utilitarian and non-utilitarian conceptions of aesthetic practice. While incorporating art into STEM has many potential benefits, does it ultimately undermine the societal value of art as an independent, autonomous sphere, that sits outside of the practical utilitarian framework of STEM? Does it sacrifice art’s potential to serve as a critical mirror of society, or as an escape from the practical, to put it in service to the ideology of “creative problem-solving?”
AO Institutes: Research, CDID, ‘Trauma University,’ and a Publishing House

In the AO’s original charter, the founders put emphasis on four pillars. Three of those pillars, namely Teaching, Documentation, and Research have remained central to the Foundation and were assigned specialized Institutes, each with their own mandates (the fourth pillar is Instrumentation).
Ensemble of fast learning stochastic gradient boosting

Boosting is one of the most popular and powerful learning algorithms. However, due to its sequential nature in model fitting, the computational time of boosting algorithm can be prohibitive for big...
Rural Intersections, Social Challenges, and Innovation: The Collaborative Home Alternative Medication Program (CHAMP)

This paper details how innovative collaboration can break down barriers to service for opioid-affected families in a rural northern state, addressing the medical needs of infants receiving care as ...
Professional Networks Within U.S. Higher Education: Avenues to Foster Career and Institutional Success

Within the United States, higher education is a ladder up to greater socioeconomic status. In spite of this fact, today’s students need to focus on more than just completing their education. This scholarly essay focuses on the value of professional networks, in conjunction with institutions of higher learning, in career advancement and upward movement in socioeconomic levels. This essay emphasizes the role that professional networks play in enhancing the value of a bachelor’s degree and provides evidence that students and institutions benefit from the development of professional networks both in support of the advancement of students’ careers and in the engagement of alumni. The essay also demonstrates the benefits to academic institutions themselves when alumni engagement is fostered to a greater degree.
Linear Transformations and Linear Systems

Machine learning algorithms work with data matrices, which can be viewed as collections of row vectors or as collections of column vectors. For example, one can view the rows of an n × d data matrix D as a set of n points in a space of dimensionality d, and one can view the columns as features. These collections of row vectors and column vectors define vector spaces. In this chapter, we will introduce the basic properties of vector spaces and their connections to solving linear systems of equations. This problem is also a special case of the problem of linear regression, which is one of the fundamental building blocks of machine learning.
Some aspects of studying the health risk of members of crews of marine vessels

Purpose : to study the acceptability of health risk factors of members of crews for shipbuilding purposes. Materials and methods . The data on occupational pathology of seafarers over the period 2009–2018 were analyzed. The primary incidence of the adult population of nine coastal regions was studied. A survey was conducted on discomfort of working conditions, habitability factors of 174 crew members of vessels of 3 types. Results and discussion . There is no records about occupational diseases of sailors over the past decade. The procedure for conducting a survey on the levels of discomfort of crew members is proposed. Conclusion . In a simplified model of the vessel operation, it is possible to use the average discomfort values of the prototypes of crew members as preliminary indicators of the object’s effectiveness in terms of habitability.
Religion Around Billie Holiday: Tracy Fessenden. 2018. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press. 280 pp., ISBN 978-0-271-08095-6

A quote attributed to the African American vocalist Ella Fitzgerald (1917–96) states that when she was performing at the Apollo Theater, she ventured over to the Harlem Opera House between sets and...
Facilitating reproducible research through direct connection of data analysis with manuscript preparation: StatTag for connecting statistical software to Microsoft Word.

Objectives To enhance reproducible research by creating a broadly accessible, free, open-source software tool for connecting Microsoft Word to statistical programs (R/R Markdown, Python, SAS, Stata) so that results may be automatically updated in a manuscript. Materials and methods We developed StatTag for Windows as a Microsoft Word plug-in using C# and for macOS as a native application using Objective-C. Source code is available under the MIT license at https://github.com/stattag. Results StatTag links analysis file(s) (R/R Markdown, SAS, Stata, or Python) and a Word document, invokes the statistical program(s) to obtain results, and embeds selected output in the document. StatTag can accommodate multiple statistical programs with a single document and features an interface to view, edit, and rerun statistical code directly from Word. Discussion and conclusion StatTag may facilitate reproducibility within increasingly multidisciplinary research teams, improve research transparency through review and publication, and complement data-sharing initiatives.
Using ‘big data’ to disentangle aging and COVID-19

Arthur et al. leverage different types of big data, either generated in house from cohorts of healthy aging and COVID-19, or downloaded from the ever-increasing public data archives, to disentangle the distinct cellular and proteomic mechanisms of COVID-19 and aging.
Major Publications of Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker

This selected bibliography relies on these available detailed bibliographies of the publications of Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker:
Nuclear Power for Good: Articulations in Japan's Nuclear Power Hegemony

The Fukushima nuclear meltdown in March 2011 led the majority of the Japanese to support a phase-out of nuclear power. Yet, nuclear energy has become so interwoven with the social, economic, and political fabric of the Japanese society that its termination requires considerable structural and ideological changes to the society and the culture of Japan. This article examines 4 articulations that helped to shape Japan's pronuclear discourse and maintain its hegemonic status. I discuss the ways in which a variety of discursive practices were deployed to articulate nuclear power as virtuous, absolutely safe, necessary, and environmentally friendly.
Chapter 17 Bay scallop and calico scallop fisheries, culture and enhancement in eastern North America

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of calico and bay scallop fisheries, aquaculture, and enhancement efforts in eastern North America. Scallops are commercially important shellfish worldwide with the average total catch between 1988 and 1997 at 522,894 pounds of meats. Five species––namely, sea, bay, Icelandic, weathervane, and calico scallop contribute to the major wild fisheries in North America with minor fisheries for two other species. Bay scallops in the eastern United States are considered as a delicacy, especially in the local markets where the fresh product is consumed. Its high demand in these markets guarantees a continued high value. Loss of habitat through the decline of seagrass beds and the degradation of habitat through algal blooms such as “brown tide” may contribute to the decline of bay scallop stocks. The success of bay scallop aquaculture is influenced by stringent, governmental leasing regulations, grow-out problems such as fouling, and market development. The annual landings of the calico scallop fishery will probably continue at relatively low levels compared to 1984. The calico scallop has less value than the bay scallop; the continued landings ensure its place in the scallop market.
Tourism in the Caribbean Competitiveness, Upgrading, Linkages and the Role of Public Private Partnerships (PPP) and Public Policy

The main purpose of this paper is to explore and analyze the contributions that public-private partnerships and public policy have made in the development of tourism in the Caribbean as tools for enhancing competitiveness in the Caribbean tourism industry. The paper explores these contributions mainly in the context of the upgrading strategies that Caribbean countries have pursued over the past 15 years or so and using the lens of the tourism value chain and tourism cluster approach. The paper also analyzes the potential roles that public-private partnerships and public policy will continue to play in the future especially in the process of building linkages between the tourism sector and other sectors in order to increase net benefits from tourism to the Region. This paper is divided into five sections. In Section I, we define public-private partnerships (PPP) and describe the areas in tourism where PPP are most widely used, the tools used to implement PPP in tourism and the various forms of PPP. Economic arguments are then laid to motivate PPP as a determinant of tourism competitiveness using the tourism value-chain and tourism cluster approach. Specific case examples illustrating the contributions of PPP and public policy towards increasing tourism competitiveness are provided at a regional level and for specific areas in Sections II and III respectively. Section IV summarizes findings from the previous two sections and discusses ways to enhance the effectiveness of PPP and public policy in Caribbean tourism for increased competitiveness. Section V analyzes a few of the challenges that the Caribbean tourism sector is facing. The final section proposes new areas of intervention for PPP and public policy as tools for enhancing competitiveness in the Caribbean tourism sector in order to assist the region in addressing these challenges.
Assessing students' value for science & math education: What's valuable about computer science? conference workshop

For students to be truly literate in math and science they must value the nature and processes of these disciplines. Otherwise, their education will have little life-long impact. With extensive participation from Missouri State University faculty and students, we developed the Math and Science Value Inventories to measure the importance of these areas in students' lives. Our database strongly supports our four-component model: students value math or science if these subjects have interest and utility for them, if they care about academic achievement in these areas, and if they find the costs reasonable. Data show that value can be affected by instruction, and we believe our model has strong implications for gauging instructional effectiveness at all levels and in all disciplines. Our existing instruments are aimed at general education students, and we are developing on-line versions of these tools and new instruments for measuring the value STEM students place on math and science.
Co-training Using Prosodic and Lexical Information for Sentence Segmentation

We investigate the application of the co-training learning algorithm on the sentence boundary classification problem by using lexical and prosodic information. Co-training is a semisupervised machine learning algorithm that uses multiple weak classifiers with a relatively small amount of labeled data and incrementally uses unlabeled data. The assumption in cotraining is that the classifiers can co-train each other, as one can label samples that are difficult for the other. The sentence segmentation problem is very appropriate for the co-training method since it satisfies the main requirements of the cotraining algorithm: the dataset can be described by two disjoint and natural views that are redundantly sufficient. In our case, the feature sets are capturing lexical and prosodic information. The experimental results on the ICSI Meeting (MRDA) corpus show the effectiveness of the co-training algorithm for this task. Index Terms: co-training, sentence segmentation, prosody, self-training, Boosting
Organizational foundations of export performance: The case of the Turkish apparel industry

To provide an overview of the organizational changes Turkish apparel firms have undertaken in the 1990s and early 2000s and to show how these changes affect sector's export performance. Designed as a case study that uses interview and archival data. Interviews with company representatives, conducted in Turkey and Germany during 1996‐2001, are primary sources of information. As in all case study research, the interviews are supplemented by archival data, including statistical reports published by host country governments, annual company reports, company Web sites, industry magazines, research reports prepared by the local industry associations, articles appearing in the mass media including the Internet. While Turkey has historically been dependent on the EU market and this dependence has helped Turkish manufacturers develop new capabilities, recent organizational trends in the industry point to a struggle by manufacturers to break out of this dependence and expand in new markets. Three overarching organizational trends stand out: the increasing creation of backward and forward linkages, both domestic and foreign, the relocation of production to cheaper sites, both inland and overseas, and the increase in the scale and scope of partnerships formed with US companies. These partnerships not only create a new set of relationships, but also transform the existing ones. Relies on the respondents’ knowledge of past and present events and documentary data to make inferences about process and change in the industry. Not based on a random sample and oversamples large firms. A useful overview of organizational changes that presents firm‐level data. May provide insight into how export growth in apparel may be sustained beyond 2004.
Sanitary Landfill Settlement Rates

Observed post-construction settlement records of three large sanitary landfills in Los Angeles County, California, are analyzed to identify the interrelationships between settlement rates and fill depth, length of construction period, and elapsed time measured as median fill age. The field data are then used for comparision with published field and model studies by other investigators. Preliminary conclusions of this analysis indicate the following: (1) The rate of settlement appears to decrease linearly with logarithmic median fill age; and(2) settlement rate increases with fill depth in general. However, there seems to exist a limiting depth. Greater than this limiting depth, there is no significant increase in settlement rate with further increase in depth. This depth for the cases studied is about 100 ft (30.5m).
Knowledge Extraction from Databases: Design Princiles of the INLEN System

The architecture of a large-scale system for the discovery of knowledge from facts, INLEN, is described. INLEN combines database, knowledge base, and machine learning methods within a uniform user-oriented framework. Data and various forms of knowledge are managed in a uniform way by using various operators. The system's knowledge is stored as knowledge segments, which are structures that link relational tables with rules, equations and/or hierarchies. A variety of machine learning programs are incorporated into the system to serve as high-level knowledge generation operators. These operators are used for generating various kinds of knowledge about the properties and regularities existing in the data. For example, such operators can hypothesize general rules from facts, determine differences and similarities among groups of facts, propose new variables, create conceptual classifications, determine equations governing numeric variables and the conditions under which the equations apply, and determine a variety of statistical characteristics of the data. The management and discovery operators may be combined into macros or programs for repeated applications or automatic branching.
X-ray Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Dust A High Spectral Resolution (Re)View and Look to the Future

High spectral resolution X-ray instruments on powerful X-ray satellites (e.g. Chandra, XMM-Newton) pointed through dust and gas at bright black holes and neutron stars can be used to study dust and intervening material in unique ways. With the new subfield of Condensed Matter Astrophysics as its goal, I will discuss current efforts to combine techniques and knowledge from condensed matter physics and astrophysics to determine the species-specific quantity and composition of interstellar gas and dust in the ISM and ionized environments. Prospects for improving on this work in future X-ray missions with higher throughput and spectral resolution are also presented in the context of spectral resolution goals for gratings and calorimeters.
NOSOLOGICAL CODING OF CAUSE OF DEATH

Death certificates representing 766 decedents who had participated in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program (1973-1979) at one of 14 US centers were given to three nosologists for purposes of coding underlying cause of death. Analyses examined interobserver variability among the three nosologists as well as intraobserver variability for each of the three nosologists. All three nosologists agreed on a three-digit International Classification of Diseases, Adapted (ICDA) code in 90.2% of the cases and at least two out of three agreed in 99.7% of the death certificates examined. Agreement rates improved when disease codes were collapsed into broader categories utilized in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program. When particular disease classifications (e.g., cerebrovascular, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and neoplasms) were examined, three out of three agreement rates were highest for neoplasms (97.8%) and lowest for myocardial infarction (86.5%). Similarly, two out of three agreement was highest for neoplasms (98.5%) and lowest for myocardial infarction (88.0%). Intranosologist agreement rates were based on a recoded 20% sample of death certificates. Agreement rates for three-digit ICDA codes ranged from 94.8% to 96.1% for the three nosologists. The agreement rates for the general disease categories ranged from 96.7% to 97.4%.
Calculation of Emission Wavelengths and Binding Energies of K ( 5 s ) Xe N Polyatomic Exciplexes

A simple model proposed by Baylis for treating the interaction of excited and ground-state alkali-metal atoms with multiple rare-gas perturbers has been applied to the calculation of peak wavelengths in the band emission of $\mathrm{K}(5s){\mathrm{Xe}}_{N}$ exciplexes observed by Yabuzaki et al. In addition, the binding energies of these exciplexes have been calculated and compared with experiment.
Channels with nosy "noise"

Coding over channels whose state can depend non- causally on the entire transmitted codeword and message are studied. The channel model is a variation on the arbitrarily varying channel (AVC) with state constraints. The randomized coding capacity of this channel is shown to be equal to the randomized coding capacity Cr in the case where the jammer does not know the codeword, and common randomness of O (log n) bits is sufficient to achieve this capacity.
Complex of human apolipoprotein C-1 with phospholipid: thermodynamic or kinetic stability?

Thermal unfolding of discoidal complexes of apolipoprotein (apo) C-1 with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) reveals a novel mechanism of lipoprotein stabilization that is based on kinetics rather than thermodynamics. Far-UV CD melting curves recorded at several heating/cooling rates from 0.047 to 1.34 K/min show hysteresis and scan rate dependence characteristic of slow nonequilibrium transitions. At slow heating rates, the apoC-1 unfolding in the complexes starts just above 25 °C and has an apparent melting temperature Tm ∼ 48 ± 1.5 °C, close to Tm = 51 ± 1.5 °C of free protein. Thus, DMPC binding may not substantially increase the low apparent thermodynamic stability of apoC-1, ΔG(25 °C) < 2 kcal/mol. The scan rate dependence of Tm and Arrhenius analysis of the kinetic data suggest an activation enthalpy Ea = 25 ± 5 kcal/mol that provides the major contribution to the free energy barrier for the protein unfolding on the disk, ΔG* ≥ 17 kcal/mol. Consequently, apoC-1/DMPC disks are kinetically but no...
A Real-Time Instruction Cache with High Average-Case Performance

Cache memories, while useful for improving the average-case performance for general-purpose applications, are not suitable for real-time systems due to the time unpredictability. In this paper, we propose a Performance Enhancement Guaranteed Cache (PEG-C) to ensure performance improvement in the worst case while achieving as good average-case performance as a regular hardware-controlled cache. We design and evaluate an instruction PEG-C as a proof-of-concept. Our experiments indicate that with a small number of preloaded instructions, the PEG instruction cache can achieve the same performanceas a regular instruction cache, and outperform cache locking significantly.
Maternal Emotional Signals, Social Referencing, and Infants' Reactions to Strangers.

Young children's emotional reactions are often affected by the emotional reactions of those around them. Empathy may account for the phenomenon of social referencing.
Polyamine–salt aggregate assembly of capsules as responsive drug delivery vehicles

Responsive capsular delivery systems that can partly mimic the complexity of cellular systems hold great promise for the future of medicine. Simple self-assembled systems like liposomes are already in clinical use and others like polymeric micelles are under clinical trials. Unlike these self-assembled systems, the greater flexibility and versatility offered by template-based routes will likely drive the development of sophisticated capsules. The focus of this review is to introduce one such template-based route, which is based on polyamine–salt aggregate or ‘PSA’ assembly. The basic synthesis premise involves the assembly of cationic polymer (like poly-L-lysine) by ionic crosslinking with multivalent anionic salts (like citrate) into metastable templates for cargo encapsulation and shell material deposition. The technique offers several benefits: (i) the synthesis procedure involves simple mixing at ambient conditions, (ii) the capsule size is easy to control in the sub-100 nm to micron range, and (iii) a wide range of formulations is readily available with the use of different polymer, salt, cargo, and shell-forming precursors. In this review, the current state of this technique, the materials chemistry of the capsule assembly, and the demonstrated applications, including photothermal therapy, MRI contrast agent development and protease-responsive NIR imaging, will be discussed.
Signal detection modeling of Japanese listeners’ /r/–/l/ labeling behavior in a one‐interval identification task

This study tested the validity of applying a signal detection model to Japanese listeners’ /r/–/l/ labeling behavior in a one‐interval identification task, and the hypothesis that Japanese listeners estimate each token’s goodness of fit to Japanese /r/ in labeling it as /r/ or /l/. The identification data obtained by manipulating subjects’ response criteria fit the signal detection model. The performance in the identification task was highly predictable based on the goodness of fit judgment, indicating that category goodness information contained in /r/ and /l/ is utilized in deriving underlying sensory decision variables. The data, however, also suggested that these variables are not a direct consequence of the goodness of fit judgment. Various implications of the signal detection model in the investigation of Japanese perception of /r/ and /l/ are discussed.
Electron excitation of Na(3S) and Na(3P) atoms to the Na(3D) state.

The cross sections for electron-impact excitation of Na(3S) and Na(3P) atoms to the 3D state have been measured from threshold to 1000 eV, with approx.0.3 eV resolution. The 3P-state atoms are produced in the m/sub l/ = 1, m/sub s/ = (1/2) level by optical excitation, and 3D..-->..3P fluorescence is detected at 90/sup 0/ to the quantization axis. The resulting polarization anisotropies are considered, and included along with cascade effects in the high-energy normalizations to the Born approximation. The 3S..-->..3D and 3P..-->..3D excitation cross sections both rise very abruptly at threshold, and are indistinguishable from a step function with our energy resolution.
1388 EFFECT OF PHENOBARBITAL ON CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE NEWBORN BEAGLE

Phenobarbital sodium (PBS) in anticonvulsant dosage has been administered to high risk newborn prematures in an effort to prevent intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). The hypothesis has been that PBS may prevent increases in arterial blood pressure (ABP) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Using radioactive microspheres, we have assessed the effect of PBS at serum concentrations of 24.9 ± 5.0 ug/ml on regional CBF during steady state (SS), during hypovolemic hypotension (HH), during blood reinfusion (RE), and during phenylephrine induced hypertension (PH) in ketamine anesthetized beagle puppies from 24-84 hours of age. There were no significant differences for CBF in steady state with or without PBS (n=9, n=8), or during moderate HH (ABP decreased 35-40%) with or without PBS (n=9, n=8). With PBS blood flow increased to all regions during RE (significant in all but cortex and white matter, n=8); controls had similar increases in all regions during RE, significant in all but the thalamus (n=9). Blood flow during PH increased in all regions with or without PBS (n=5, n=8). Steady state ABP was 64.2 ± 9.8 mmHg. ABP after PBS was 42.5 ± 8.3 mmHg (p < .01). Thus, in the newborn puppy, PBS at anticonvulsant concentrations reduced arterial blood pressure but did not alter the response of cerebral blood flow. Its effect on the incidence of periventricular hemorrhages in the newborn beagle is under current study.
Identification of the ν 3 NO 2 Band in the Solar Spectrum observed from a Balloon Borne Spectrometer

SINCE the detection of HNO3 in the atmosphere1, it has been expected that oxides of nitrogen, such as NO2, should also be present. In fact, in a previous paper by some of us1 a tentative identification of NO2 absorption was made. The most intense vibration–rotation band of NO2 is the ν3 fundamental, centred at 1,618 cm−1, near the centre of the ν2 H2O band.
Ionic liquids: Ion mobilities, glass temperatures, and fragilities

We combine old, unpublished data on ionic liquids containing quaternary ammonium cations with new data on salts of aromatic cations containing a variety of anions, to demonstrate the existence for ionic liquids of an unexpectedly wide range of liquid fragilities. The pattern is one now familiar for other liquids. Here, the pattern is important in determining the relative fluid properties at ambient temperatures. We find that the optimization of ionic liquids for ambient temperature applications requiring low-vapor-pressure fluid phases involves the proper interplay of both cohesive energy and fragility factors. The cohesive energy is discussed in terms of the coulomb and van der Waals contributions to the attractive part of the pair potential. On the basis of the relation between the glass-transition temperature and the molar volume for salts with less-polarizable anions, we find evidence for a broad minimum in the ionic liquid cohesive energy at an internuclear separation of ca. 0.6 nm. This minimum lies...