cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Convex envelopes for edge-concave functions

Deterministic global optimization algorithms frequently rely on the convex underestimation of nonconvex functions. In this paper we describe the structure of the polyhedral convex envelopes of edge-concave functions over polyhedral domains using geometric arguments. An algorithm for computing the facets of the convex envelope over hyperrectangles in ℝ3 is described. Sufficient conditions are described under which the convex envelope of a sum of edge-concave functions may be shown to be equivalent to the sum of the convex envelopes of these functions.
The Development of an Undergraduate Study Abroad Program: Nicaragua and the Psychology of Social Inequality

In its recent report outlining principles for teaching undergraduate students in psychology, the American Psychological Association Board of Educational Affairs recommended including experiential learning in the curriculum and identified study abroad opportunities as being particularly valuable. Unfortunately, although American universities offer hundreds of faculty-led study abroad programs, only a handful of the programs offer coursework in psychology. In this article, I describe a program in Nicaragua on the psychology of social inequality I developed and have been leading for the past 10 years. I begin by describing the structure of the program and discuss my pedagogical approach and goals for the program. I then discuss research related to the value of short-term study abroad and provide evidence for the success of the Nicaragua program. Finally, I outline some initial steps in the program development process and urge faculty members to consider designing new study abroad programs in psychology.
Emerging alternatives to the impact factor

Purpose – This paper aims to document the proliferating range of alternatives to the impact factor that have arisen within the past five years, coincident with the increased prominence of open access publishing.Design/methodology/approach – This paper offers an overview of the history of the impact factor as: a measure for scholarly merit; a summary of frequent criticisms of the impact factor's calculation and usage; and a framework for understanding some of the leading alternatives to the impact factor.Findings – This paper identifies five categories of alternatives to the impact factor: measures that build upon the same data that informs the impact factor; measures that refine impact factor data with “page rank” indices that weight electronic resources or web sites through the number of resources that link to them; measures of article downloads and other usage factors; recommender systems, in which individual scholars rate the value of articles and a group's evaluations pool together collectively; and a...
Liquid chromatographic method for determining added folic acid in fortified cereal products.

Abstract Reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was coupled with detection by UV absorption (280 nm) for separation and quantitation of added folic acid (FA) in fortified cereal based foods. A simple and rapid liquid–solid extraction method, combined with enzymatic digestion, to recover FA from the sample matrices is also presented. The quantitation of added FA was achieved in products including corn (maize), wheat-, rice- and oat-based cereal breakfastfoods fortified at 25% and 100% of the reference daily intake (RDI). The retention time for FA was ca. 15 min, and the detection limit was 2 ng/20 μl injection for standard FA. When FA was added to unfortified samples of wheat flour at concentrations of 3.08 or 20.0 μg/g, recoveries were 93% and 96%, respectively. Comparison of HPLC results with those of a standard microbiological assay has shown quite good agreement ( r =0.998). A solid-phase extraction clean-up procedure has also been developed for use with samples fortified with low levels of FA, where interferences may otherwise hinder quantitation.
Chevalier Jackson: the father of American bronchoesophagoscopy

Chevalier Jackson was involved with bronchoesophagoscopy from the late 1800s until shortly before his death in 1958. A pioneer in the field, he developed numerous instruments used in peroral endoscopy and taught their safe and effective use. Most of the next generation of leaders in the field of bronchoesophagoscopy were trained in his clinics in Pittsburgh and in Philadelphia, where he held academic appointments at the six leading medical institutions of these cities. He was a keen observer, inventor, prolific writer, and humanitarian.
Narrow vs broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for children hospitalized with pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: The 2011 Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) guideline recommends narrow-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for most children hospitalized with CAP. However, few studies have assessed the effectiveness of this strategy. METHODS: Using data from 43 children’s hospitals, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to compare outcomes and resource utilization among children hospitalized with CAP between 2005 and 2011 receiving either parenteral ampicillin/penicillin (narrow spectrum) or ceftriaxone/cefotaxime (broad spectrum). Children with complex chronic conditions, interhospital transfers, recent hospitalization, or the occurrence of any of the following during the first 2 calendar days of hospitalization were excluded: pleural drainage procedure, admission to intensive care, mechanical ventilation, death, or hospital discharge. RESULTS: Overall, 13 954 children received broad-spectrum therapy (89.7%) and 1610 received narrow-spectrum therapy (10.3%). The median length of stay was 3 days (interquartile range 3–4) in the broad- and narrow-spectrum therapy groups (adjusted difference 0.12 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.02 to 0.26). One hundred fifty-six children (1.1%) receiving broad-spectrum therapy and 13 children (0.8%) receiving narrow-spectrum therapy were admitted to intensive care (adjusted odds ratio 0.85, 95% CI: 0.27 to 2.73). Readmission occurred for 321 children (2.3%) receiving broad-spectrum therapy and 39 children (2.4%) receiving narrow-spectrum therapy (adjusted odds ratio 0.85, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.63). Median costs for the hospitalization were $3992 and $4375 (adjusted difference –$14.4, 95% CI: –177.1 to 148.3). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical outcomes and costs for children hospitalized with CAP are not different when treatment is with narrow- compared with broad-spectrum therapy.
Charged dust currents on the surface of Mars

We describe a proposed Dust Charge Probe (DCP) experiment to characterize the dust loaded photoelectron sheath on the surface of Mars. DCP can provide measurements of the photoelectric sheath, as well as the charge, size and velocity distribution of the wind-entrained dust particles. Here we discuss the expected physical properties of the photoelectron sheath, the detection technique and the engineering design of the experiment.
Copepod diversity in a subtropical bay based on a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene

Copepod communities in lagoons and embayments on subtropical islands in the Pacific Ocean are geographically isolated from other populations along continents and other islands. Nevertheless, taxonomic identifications suggest that many of these species are cosmopolitan. The genetic diversity of planktonic copepod species in a subtropical embayment, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii, was investigated by pairing morphological identification of the species with sequencing a 710 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (mtCOI) gene. DNA sequences were obtained for six calanoid and three cyclopoid copepod species. The sequences of two oceanic species found in the bay, Undinula vulgaris and Paracalanus parvus, were � 3.0% divergent from conspecifics in the coastal western Pacific Ocean. In contrast, sequences from the more estuarine, Parvocalanus crassirostris and Bestiolina similis specimens were � 16.0% divergent from conspecifics of the western Pacific Ocean. The Labidocera sp. and Acartia sp. were � 16.0% divergent from all congeners, while three Oithona species differed by � 26.5% from congeners. These results suggest significant genetic isolation of the more estuarine species, although more sequence data for Hawaii and elsewhere will be needed to understand the population and genetic structure of coastal island copepod populations.
The mnemonic advantage of processing fitness-relevant information

Nairne, Thompson, and Pandeirada (2007) proposed that our memory systems serve an adaptive function and that they have evolved to help us remember fitness-relevant information. In a series of experiments, they demonstrated that processing words according to their survival relevance resulted in better retention than did rating them for pleasantness, personal relevance, or relevance to moving to a new house. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the advantage of survival processing could be replicated, using a control condition that was designed to match the survival processing task in arousal, novelty, and media exposure—the relevance to planning a bank heist. We found that survival processing nonetheless yielded better retention on both a recall (Experiment 1) and a recognition (Experiment 2) test. This mnemonic advantage of survival processing was also obtained when words were rated for their relevance to a character depicted in a video clip (Experiment 3). Our findings provide additional evidence that the mnemonic benefit of survival processing is a robust phenomenon, and they also support the utility of adopting a functional perspective in investigating memory.
Thumb Infection Caused by Streptococcus pseudoporcinus

Streptococcus pseudoporcinus, a recently described organism found in the genitourinary tract of women, was isolated from a thumb wound in a male patient subsequent to trauma. This case describes a rarely reported non-genitourinary tract clinical isolate of S. pseudoporcinus.
Descriptor systems: Decomposition into forward and backward subsystems

It is shown that a decomposition of the descriptor space with certain properties induces a decomposition of the descriptor system into forward and backward subsystems. Different decompositions correspond to different apportionments of the required boundary conditions between initial and final times. Applications include several different but equivalent methods for solving the descriptor system and a clarification of the relations between some previously known methods of solution.
Impacts of a Poultry Processing Plant on the Diversity of Escherichia coli Populations and Transferability of Tetracycline Resistance Genes in an Urban Stream in South Carolina

Poultry feed is often supplemented with low dosages of antibiotic to promote growth, making farms and animal processing facilities potential point sources of antibiotic-resistant fecal bacteria to aquatic ecosystems. In 2010 and 2011, we detected high concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in effluent released from a poultry processing plant into a headwater stream in Greenville, South Carolina. The FIB pollution became undetectable in 2012 with the plant under new management. To determine the plant’s impacts on the stream, we compared the genetic variations of Escherichia coli populations from upstream and downstream of the plant and from reference streams in the same watershed by classifying each isolate into an E. coli reference collection (ECOR) phylogenetic group. For tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates, we analyzed the resistance genes, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), gene transferability, and plasmid incompatibility groups (Inc). Distributions of ECOR groups upstream and downstream of the plant differed significantly in 2011 but not in 2012. The resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) were prevalent, with tet(A) more likely to be found on the promiscuous IncP plasmid. A higher percentage of isolates having both tet(A) and tet(B) was found downstream in 2011 than in 2012. Dual-gene isolates did not have higher MICs than single-gene isolates but were more likely to transfer tet(A) on IncP. We propose that the processing plant acted not only as a point source of FIB but also as a factor influencing gene transferability. Additionally, given the results from 2012, the FIB impacts of the processing plant appeared to be reversible.
Size-dependent strength of dental adhesive systems

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to explain the influence of peripheral interface stress singularities on the testing of tensile bond strength. The relationships between these theoretically predicted singularities and the effect of specimen size on the measured bond strength are evaluated. Methods Finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM) analyses of microtensile bond strength test specimens were performed and the presence of localized high stress concentrations and singularities was analyzed. The specimen size effect predicted by the models was compared to previously published experimental data. Results FEM analysis of single-material trimmed hour-glass versus cast cylindrical specimens showed different theoretical stress distributions, with the dumbbell or cylindrical specimens showing a more homogeneous distribution of the stress on the critical symmetry plane. For multi-material specimens, mathematical singularities at the free edge of the bonded interface posed a computational challenge that resulted in mesh-dependence in the standard FEM analysis. A specialized weighted-traction BEM analysis, designed to eliminate mesh-dependence by capturing the effect of the singularity, predicted a specimen size effect that corresponds to that published previously in the literature. Significance The results presented here further support the attention to specimen dimensions that has already broadened the empirical use of the microtensile test methods. FEM and BEM analyses that identify stress concentrations and especially marginal stress singularities must be accounted for in reliable bonding strength assessments. Size-dependent strength variations generally attributed to the effects of flaw distributions throughout the interfacial region are not as relevant as the presence of singularities at bonded joint boundaries – as revealed by both FEM and BEM analyses, when interpreted from a generalized fracture mechanics perspective. Furthermore, this size-dependence must be considered when evaluating or designing dental adhesive systems.
Cladistics of the bryopsidales: a preliminary analysis

The Bryopsidales contains some of the most species rich and ecologically dominant algae in tropical ecosystems. However, the evolutionary relationships among the 29 genera and several hundred species of this order remain poorly resolved. Because of a lack of known reproductive characters for many taxa, evolutionary hypotheses grouped genera by similarities in morphological characters. To apply standard cladistical analyses to further our understanding of this group, this study presents the first comprehensive compilation of reported morphological, reproductive, and subcellular characteristics for genera in the Bryopsidales. Computer-assisted cladistical analyses ultimately identified phylogenetically informative and uninformative characters. Although the topology of the trees generated in this study is expected to change as additional data are added to this matrix, many traditional groupings and recent groupings based on molecular data were supported.
A Sequence-Specific RNA-Binding Protein Complements Apobec-1 To Edit Apolipoprotein B mRNA

The editing of apolipoprotein B (apo-B) mRNA involves the site-specific deamination of cytidine to uracil. The specificity of editing is conferred by an 11-nucleotide mooring sequence located downstream from the editing site. Apobec-1, the catalytic subunit of the editing enzyme, requires additional proteins to edit apo-B mRNA in vitro, but the function of these additional factors, known as complementing activity, is not known. Using RNA affinity chromatography, we show that the complementing activity binds to a 280-nucleotide apo-B RNA in the absence of apobec-1. The activity did not bind to the antisense strand or to an RNA with three mutations in the mooring sequence. The eluate from the wild-type RNA column contained a 65-kDa protein that UV cross-linked to apo-B mRNA but not to the triple-mutant RNA. This protein was not detected in the eluates from the mutant or the antisense RNA columns. Introduction of the mooring sequence into luciferase RNA induced cross-linking of the 65-kDa protein. A 65-kDa protein that interacted with apobec-1 was also detected by far-Western analysis in the eluate from the wild-type RNA column but not from the mutant RNA column. For purification, proteins were precleared on the mutant RNA column prior to chromatography on the wild-type RNA column. Silver staining of the affinity-purified fraction detected a single prominent protein of 65 kDa. Our results suggest that the complementing activity may function as the RNA-binding subunit of the holoenzyme.
An iterative route to “decorated” ethylene glycol-based linkers

Iterative copper-catalyzed cycloadditions of azides to alkynes were used to join functionalized triethylene glycol molecules to give "linkers" of defined lengths equipped with several different end-group functionalities.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Large-Scale Carbon Nanotubes on a Shared-Memory Architecture

Carbon nanotubes are expected to play a significant role in the design and manufacture of many nano-mechanical and nano-electronic devices of future. It is important, therefore, that atomic level elastomechanical response properties of both single and multiwall nanotubes be investigated in detail. Classical molecular dynamics simulations employing Brenner's reactive potential with long range van der Waals interactions have been used in mechanistic response studies of carbon nanotubes to external strains. The studies of single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes under compressive strains show the instabilities beyond elastic response. Due to inclusion of non-bonded long range interactions, the simulations also show the redistribution of strain and strain energy from sideways bucklng to the formation of highly localized strained kink sites. Bond rearrangements occur at the kink sites, leading to formation of topological defects, preventing the tube from relaxing fully back to it's original configuration. Elastomechanic response behavior of single and multiwall carbon nanotubes to externally applied compressive strains is simulated and studied in detail. We will describe the results and discuss their implication towards the stability of any molecular mechanical structure made of carbon nanotubes.
Emerging therapeutic strategies for chronic pain

Chronic pain affects a high percentage of the general population. Traditional therapies based upon non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids and co-analgesic therapies, such as antidepressant or anti-epileptic drugs, are often relatively ineffective in treating chronic pain. In addition, the low therapeutic indexes and, in particular, the often-intolerable side effect profiles of conventional compounds, limit their usefulness, especially in the elderly population. Despite intensive research, until recently there was little change in the classes of drugs available to treat chronic pain clinically. This was partly due to a failure to understand which physiological processes are important in mediating clinical chronic pain. Recently, however, greater understanding of the neurophysiology critical to chronic pain development has lead to the development of numerous alternative pharmacological strategies. This review article outlines the physiological processes occurring in chronic pain, highlights...
TRUST: THE CONNECTING LINK BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL THEORY AND PHILOSOPHICAL ETHICS

Numerous researchers have proposed that trust is essential for understanding interpersonal and group behavior, managerial effectiveness, economic exchange and social or political stability, yet according to a majority of these scholars, this concept has never been precisely defined. This article reviews definitions from various approaches within organizational theory, examines the consistencies and differences, and proposes that trust is based upon an underlying assumption of an implicit moral duty. This moral duty—an anomaly in much of organizational theory—has made a precise definition problematic. Trust also is examined from philosophical ethics, and a synthesis of the organizational and philosophical definitions that emphasizes an explicit sense of moral duty and is based upon accepted ethical principles of analysis is proposed. This new definition has the potential to combine research from the two fields of study in important areas of inquiry.
Effects of Nordic walking and walking on spatiotemporal gait parameters and ground reaction force.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Nordic walking and walking on spatiotemporal gait parameters and ground reaction force. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were 30 young adult males, who were divided into a Nordic walking group of 15 subjects and a walking group of 15 subjects. [Methods] To analyze the spatiotemporal parameters and ground reaction force during walking in the two groups, the six-camera Vicon MX motion analysis system was used. The subjects were asked to walk 12 meters using the more comfortable walking method for them between Nordic walking and walking. After they walked 12 meters more than 10 times, their most natural walking patterns were chosen three times and analyzed. To determine the pole for Nordic walking, each subject’s height was multiplied by 0.68. We then measured the spatiotemporal gait parameters and ground reaction force. [Results] Compared with the walking group, the Nordic walking group showed an increase in cadence, stride length, and step length, and a decrease in stride time, step time, and vertical ground reaction force. [Conclusion] The results of this study indicate that Nordic walking increases the stride and can be considered as helping patients with diseases affecting their gait. This demonstrates that Nordic walking is more effective in improving functional capabilities by promoting effective energy use and reducing the lower limb load, because the weight of the upper and lower limbs is dispersed during Nordic walking.
Information grounds and the use of need-based services by immigrants in Queens, New York: a context-based, outcome evaluation approach

We elaborate on Pettigrew's (1998, 1999) theory of information grounds while using an outcome evaluation approach enriched by its focus on context to explore the use of need-based services by immigrants in New York City. Immigrants have substantial information and practical needs for help with adjusting to life in a new country. Because of differences in language, culture, and other factors such as access, new immigrants are a difficult population to study. As a result, little research has examined their predilections from an information behavior perspective. We report findings from a qualitative study of how literacy and coping skills programs are used by and benefit the immigrant customers of the Queens Borough Public Library (QBPL). From our interviews and observation of 45 program users, staff, and other stakeholders, we derived a grand context (in Pettigrew's terms) woven from three subcontexts: the immigrants of Queens, New York; the QBPL, its service model, and activities for immigrants; and professional contributions of QBPL staff. Our findings are discussed along two dimensions: (a) building blocks toward information literacy, and (b) personal gains achieved by immigrants for themselves and their families. We conclude that successful introduction to the QBPL-as per its mission, programming, and staff-can lead immigrants to a synergistic information ground that can help in meeting broad psychological, social, and practical needs.
Targeted Therapies in Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET): Clinical Trial Challenges and Lessons Learned

In the past 3 years, we have witnessed the completion of four randomized phase III studies in neuroendocrine tumors and the approval of two new drugs, everolimus and sunitinib, for the treatment of patients with well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. These studies demonstrate a shift from case series and single-arm studies toward prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials and evidence-based therapy in the neuroendocrine tumor field. However, the clinical development of these agents also highlights the potential challenges awaiting other new drugs in this area. Herein, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the most recent phase II and phase III neuroendocrine tumor studies and discuss how limitations inherent in current trial design can lead to potential pitfalls. We also discuss how trial design can be improved, with the hope of increasing the number of drugs successfully developed to treat patients with neuroendocrine tumors.
Deamidation of calmodulin at neutral and alkaline pH: Quantitative relationships between ammonia loss and the susceptibility of calmodulin to modification by protein carboxyl methyltransferase

Measurements of ammonia release provide the first direct evidence that calmodulin becomes extensively deamidated during incubations at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4 or pH 11. A stoichiometry of 0.5 mol of NH3 released/mol of calmodulin is observed after 2 h at pH 11 or after 8-9 days at pH 7.4. These treatments also increase the ability of calmodulin to serve as a substrate for the isoaspartate-specific protein carboxyl methyltransferase from bovine brain. The stoichiometries of methylation are highly correlated with the stoichiometries of ammonia release. Deamidation and increased methyl-accepting capacity also occur in parallel for seven other proteins (aldolase, bovine serum albumin, cytochrome c, lysozyme, ovalbumin, ribonuclease A, and triosephosphate isomerase) upon incubation at pH 11. However, in comparison to calmodulin, these other proteins show very little deamidation and increased methylation capacity following incubation at pH 7.4. Deamidation of calmodulin at pH 7.4 is unaffected by the addition of 10(-7) M Ca2+; however, at 4 X 10(-6) M Ca2+, the rate of deamidation is inhibited by approximately 70%. The Ca2+-protection effect is consistent with the suggestion (B. A. Johnson, N. E. Freitag, and D. W. Aswad, (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 10913-10916) that deamidation occurs preferentially at Asn-60 and/or Asn-97, each of which resides in a distinct Ca2+-binding domain.
General behavior and shear center location of advanced composite beams via power series

The behavior of a tip-loaded anisotropic cantilever beam with an arbitrary cross section is studied using Saint-Venant's semiinverse method along with a power series solution for the local in-plane and out-of-plane deformation warping functions. The power series coefficients are determined by solving a set of variationally derived linear algebraic equations. Using the resulting 3D displacement solutions, the shear deformation associated with applied tip loads is investigated as well as the shear center location. Two different definitions of the shear center are presented for anisotropic beams by extending existing approaches developed for isotropic sections. Both of the extended definitions reveal the linear dependency of the shear center location with beam-length. (Author)
Create learning communities to enhance success for students with diverse academic preparation background

Learning communities have been demonstrated to improve student success, particularly for first-time, first-year students making the transition from high school to college. At Western Michigan University (WMU) College of Engineering and Applied Sciences (CEAS), the challenge to creating learning communities is the diverse academic preparation background of the first-time, first-year students, as indicated in the first-semester mathematics placement. Another challenge to creating learning communities is the lack of a common first-year engineering curriculum or core for the 15 undergraduate engineering and applied sciences programs. In addition to student learning communities, the WMU-CEAS program to improve student success and retention includes a faculty learning community and revision of several first-year science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses. In this paper, the details of the process for creating learning communities for students with diverse academic backgrounds will be presented, and the improvement in first-year STEM courses will be described. Preliminary results indicate CEAS students placed in learning communities have a higher successful course completion rate (grade=/>C) of first-year STEM courses than the comparison group of non-learning community students, and the second-year and third-year retention rates to CEAS have improved by about 10% above the historic retention rates of the college.
Episodic memory updating: The role of context familiarity

We previously demonstrated that spatial context is a powerful reminder that can trigger memory updating (Hupbach, Hardt, Gomez, & Nadel in Learning & Memory, 15, 574–579 2008). In the present study, we asked whether the familiarity of the spatial context modulates the role of spatial context as a reminder. Since context familiarity can be easily manipulated in children, we chose 5-year-olds as study participants. In two experiments, we demonstrated robust memory-updating effects in children. Spatial context triggered incorporation of new information into old memories only when the context was unfamiliar. In highly familiar spatial environments (children’s homes), spatial context did not initiate memory updating. Other reminders (the experimenter and a reminder question) became highly effective in familiar contexts. These findings shed further light on the specific conditions that trigger memory updating and support the view that the mechanisms underlying it are similar in children and adults.
Relation of Heart Rate Response to Exercise With Prognosis and Atherosclerotic Progression After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

Impaired heart rate response to exercise is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in healthy adults and those with established coronary artery disease. It is unclear whether this association persists in subjects who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In this study, 920 subjects enrolled in the Post CABG trial who had undergone CABG with patent saphenous vein grafts at baseline and known to have discontinued β blockers before exercise were studied. A maximal symptom-limited exercise treadmill test was performed on study entry. Chronotropic variables were measured at peak exercise. Participants were followed for a composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or revascularization. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at follow-up and compared with baseline angiography, with prespecified angiographic end points of the substantial progression of graft disease and complete occlusion. In multivariate analysis, a low chronotropic index was strongly associated with an increased risk for the composite clinical end point (p for trend = 0.04) and angiographic complete occlusion (p for trend = 0.007) but only weakly associated with angiographic substantial progression (p for trend = 0.07). In conclusion, impaired chronotropic response to exercise identifies subjects at risk for clinical outcomes and graft occlusion, even after revascularization with CABG.
LBA14MOLECULAR SUBTYPE AND CHEMOTHERAPY-RELATED TOXICITY IN STAGE 3 COLON CANCERS: NCCTG N0147

ABSTRACT Aim: The association of pathway-based colon cancer subtypes with treatment-related adverse events (AEs) was examined in 2,381 stage 3 patients from a randomized trial of FOLFOX +/- cetuximab. Methods: Tumors were categorized into 5 subtypes using DNA mismatch repair (MMR) status and mutually exclusive mutations in BRAFV600E or KRAS. Three subtypes had proficient (p) MMR: mutant BRAF, mutant KRAS, or without either mutation. Two subtypes had deficient (d) MMR: sporadics with mutant BRAF or hypermethylation of MLH1, or familial without BRAF mutation or MLH1 hypermethylation. Association between grade 3+ AEs and subtypes was determined by Chi-squared test (univariate) and logistic regression (multivariate, interactions). Results: Subtype distribution was similar between treatment arms (p = .62). Among sporadic dMMR patients, 77% completed > 6 treatment cycles vs 87 -91% of patients in other subtypes (age adjusted p = .029). Overall grade 3+ AEs among patients receiving 70 yrs were similar among subtypes (p = .60). Odd ratios (ORs) for comparison of sporadic dMMR to other subtypes are shown (Table). Only the association of distal tumor location with higher AE rates for sporadic dMMR patients was statistically significant by multivariable analysis (p = .011). Univariate associations between overall grade 3+ AEs and molecular subtypes. Completed Distal tumor location Subtype & frequency % OR (95% CI) P OR (95% CI) P Non mutant KRAS, BRAF pMMR (55%) .41 (.21-.79) 0.008 .41 (.08-199) 0.268 Mutant KRAS pMMR (27%) .41 (.21-.84) 0.014 .46 (.09-2.25) 0.336 Mutant BRAF pMMR (7.9%) .56 (.23-1.38) 0.21 .14 (.03-0.77) 0.024 Familial dMMR (2.7%) .16 (.05-.53) 0.003 .23 (.03-1.77) 0.158 Sporadic dMMR (7.5%) ref ref Conclusions: Differences in treatment-related toxicity were found by tumor subtype with sporadic dMMR patients receiving fewer treatment cycles and experiencing greater toxicity, especially among distal cancers after adjustment for covariates. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Erratum to: Threshold Boolean form for joint probabilistic constraints with random technology matrix

This note reports a correction and clarifies the results presented in [2]. The third author of this corrigendum is not an author of the paper [2]. In the original publication, Theorem 28 (Sect. 4.2.1, p. 410) states that “The probabilistically constrained problem PMRTM can be reformulated as the quadratic integer optimization problem QDE.” This statementmust be corrected, since problemQDE is in fact an inner approximation of the chance-constrained problem PMRTM, and the equivalence between QDE and PMRTM can only be claimed under the specific settings presented below in the modified Theorem 28. In part (ii) of Theorem 28 in [2, p. 411], it is shown that any feasible solution for the chance-constrained problem PMRTM defined by a p-sufficient recombination ωk is also feasible for the reformulated problem QDE. While that statement is correct, this, along with the fact any feasible solution of QDE is feasible for PMRTM (part
Integration of High-Resolution Optical Mapping and 3-Dimensional Micro-Computed Tomographic Imaging to Resolve the Structural Basis of Atrial Conduction in the Human Heart.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common arrhythmias, but its mechanisms remain unclear because of the complex human atrial structure and pathology of this disease.1,2 High-resolution optical mapping3 and 3-dimensional (3D) structural imaging of the atria in ex vivo animal models4 have provided a wealth of information for better understanding of AF.1 However, these high-resolution techniques cannot currently be performed in patients to directly uncover the important role of atrial anatomic substrates in pathophysiological conduction.3 For the first time in the intact human heart, this study integrates functional data collected by high-resolution near infrared optical mapping with the 3D atrial structure of the same heart obtained by novel micro-computed tomographic (CT) imaging to investigate the structural basis for conduction during sinus rhythm, atrial pacing, and sustained atrial flutter (AFL) and AF. An intact explanted human heart (unused donor, 63-year-old woman, chronic hypertension, heart weight 608 g) from the Lifeline of Ohio Organ Procurement Organization was obtained in the operating room at the time of cross-clamp and immediately preserved with cold cardioplegic solution (1–3°C) in accordance with The Ohio State University Institutional Review Board. Whole intact atria were dissected from ventricles and coronary-perfused with oxygenated Tyrode solution at constant pressure (55–60 mm Hg) and temperature (37°C). Subepicardial optical mapping of the whole coronary-perfused atria was conducted with near-infrared voltage-sensitive dye di-4-ANBDQBS3 to detect and map atrial activations during sinus rhythm, posterior left atrium pacing, and pacing-induced sustained AFL and AF (Figures 1–3). A high spatial (100×100 pixels, 1.16×1.16 mm2) and temporal (1 frame/ms) resolution Ultima-L CMOS camera (SciMedia, Japan) was focused on both atria from the epicardial surface (Figure 1A). After functional mapping, the human atria was formalin-fixed for 48 hours, and then washed with PBS and incubated at 4°C …
Writing Cuisine in the Spanish Caribbean: A Comparative Analysis of Iconic Puerto Rican and Cuban cookbooks

AbstractPuerto Rico and Cuba, linked by a common colonial history, culture, and tropical environments, have similar cuisines. The islands’ shared historical trajectories have been increasingly divergent in the last century, especially since the 1959 Cuban Revolution. This paper analyzes the concurrent social changes since the 1950s in these two contexts, through the work of two iconic cookbook writers, Carmen Valldejuli (Puerto Rico) and Nitza Villapol (Cuba). Writing and publishing during the second half of the twentieth century, these women’s books became an important part of the culinary imagination in their respective islands and diaspora communities. This article analyzes how their work reflects their personal stories and changing social contexts by comparing the earliest and latest editions of their books. Differences between Puerto Rican and Cuban cuisines, as portrayed in the cookbooks, are assessed and contextualized in their respective sociopolitical contexts. This analysis of the production and...
Basic Issues Confronting Recreation

(1957). Basic Issues Confronting Recreation. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 37-38.
Robot-assisted approach to a retrorectal lesion in an obese female

Background: Often detected incidentally, retrorectal tumors frequently require resection secondary to possibility of malignancy, development of infection, and localized growth with compression. The surgical approach is summarized to abdominal, posterior or a combination, depending on the location of the retrorectal mass and its relationship to the pelvic sidewall. Laparoscopic transabdominal resection of retrorectal tumors has shown safety and efficacy. Robot technology offers a stable platform with superb optics, and endo-wristed instruments that can facilitate dissection in the narrow pelvis. We present the emerging new technique of robot-assisted minimally invasive approach to a retrorectal mass in an obese female. Methods: An obese 35-year-old female, body mass index (BMI) 41 kg/m 2 , with an incidental 2 cm cystic retrorectal lesion involving the pelvic sidewall was taken to the operating room for a robot-assisted minimally invasive resection of the mass. Results: Total operative time was 2 hours and 30 minutes, and total robotic dissection at 70 minutes. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2. Final pathology revealed a benign Mullerian type cyst, 2.2 cm in greatest dimension. Conclusions: Robot-assisted minimally invasive resection of a retrorectal mass is safe and feasible. This method can be particularly useful in the narrow pelvis and with obese patients.
Interaction Between the d Shells in the Transition Metals

It is assumed (1) that the interaction between the incomplete $d$ shells of the transition elements is insufficient to disrupt the coupling between the $d$ electrons in the same shells, and (2) that the exchange interaction between adjacent $d$ shells always has the same sign irrespective of distance of separation. The direct interaction between adjacent $d$ shells then invariably leads to a tendency for an antiferromagnetic alignment of $d$ spins. The body-centered cubic structure of the transition metals V, Cr, Cb, Mo, Ta, and W is thereby interpreted, as well as more complex lattices of certain alloys. It is demonstrated that the spin coupling between the incomplete $d$ shells and the conduction electrons leads to a tendency for a ferromagnetic alignment of $d$ spins. The occurrence of ferromagnetism is thereby interpreted in a much more straightforward manner than through the ad hoc assumption of a reversal in sign of the exchange integral. The occurrence of antiferromagnetism and of ferromagnetism in various systems is readily understood, and certain simple rules are deduced for deciding which type of magnetism will occur in particular alloys.
On the Validation of a Differential Variational Inequality Approach for the Dynamics of Granular Material

The validation of a DVI approach for the dynamics of granular material focuses on comparing the experimental and simulation results of granular flow for two tests in the Chrono::Engine simulation environment. A macro scale validation was previously carried out through examination of granular flow in PBR reactors [1]. For this work, an aluminum rig was designed and fabricated to measure the flow rate of a given amount of micro scale granular material flowing due to gravity through a slit. The flow was initiated by using a Newport UMR8.25 translational stage and Newport LTA-HL precision linear actuator to open and close the slit steadily. Once the slit was open, the weight of the granular material was transmitted to the processor via a router connected to a Cooper LFS242 Tension/Compression Cell (Serial No. 286284) and graphed over time. A model of the flow meter was created in Chrono::Engine and the results were matched to experimental runs by changing the friction coefficient between particles. After the friction coefficient of the particles was determined to be 0.15, several experimental runs with differing slit sizes were run. These flow rates were compared to the weight versus time data that Chrono::Engine output for the corresponding slit size. Runs for gap sizes of 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm and 3.0mm were performed with 0.0624 N of granular material, which amounted to approximately 39,000 spheres with 500μm in diameter. These gap sizes corresponded to an experimental flow rate of 1.41E-2 N/s, 2.59E-2 N/s, 4.00E-2 N/s, and 4.44E-2 N/s, and a simulated flow rate of 1.40E-2 N/s, 2.62E-2 N/s, 4.05E-2 N/s, and 4.48E-2 N/s, respectively. Based on this experiment, Chrono::Engine had less than a 2% error in calculating the flow rate of the granular material through a slit. In addition to comparing flow rates, the pile repose angle from the experimental runs was compared to the simulation results. A description of the GPU execution model along with its memory spaces is provided to illustrate its potential for parallel scientific computing. The equations of motion associated with the dynamics of many rigid bodies are introduced and a solution method is presented. The solution method is designed to map well on the parallel hardware, which is demonstrated by an order of magnitude reductions in simulation time for large systems that concern the dynamics of granular material.© 2010 ASME
Changing Circulation Policies at an ARL Library

This article examines the technique of using peer institution data as a basis for forming and proposing changes in circulation policies at an ARL Library. Peer institutions for the University of Arizona Library were surveyed in respect to their circulation policies. The data were compared to other academic library circulation policy surveys and used to recommend specific changes in the graduate loan period, the fines structure, telephone renewals and fees for non-university borrowers. The process of using peer institution data focused discussion and proved to be an effective catalyst for changing policies. Most important, it was a process considered relevant by library and campus administrators.
The Immature Stages of Aclerda tillandsiae (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Aclerdidae)

The 3 immature female stages and the second-stage male Aclerda tillandsiae Howell are described and illustrated. modification of McConnell's key (1953) is included to separate the first-stage nymph from other Aclerda species. Characters of the intermediate stages useful in species identification are also mentioned.
Ideas for Blue Growth Strategies

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a systematic categorization of blue growth strategies. Companies often use different growth strategies—even if they are all blue—in different stages of the product life cycle. The key is to understand that all these strategies are available. The five strategies are: mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, establish a market niche and develop a brand, extend products and services to new markets, and develop new products and services. In addition, another source of blue product innovation is the change in the key-value driver of the growth strategy that may be caused by shifts in market demand conditions. These shifts are due to changes in consumer preferences or new technologies. Time and again, highly successful companies are caught off guard by such shifts. When value driver shifts, growth strategy needs to be adapted. This may require changes in products and services or sometimes fundamental changes.
Die Entwicklung der Kontinente

Nahezu zwei Drittel der Erdoberflache – und damit die gesamte ozeanische Kruste – sind im Laufe der vergangenen 200 Mio. Jahre durch Seafloor-Spreading entstanden, in einem Zeitraum, der lediglich vier Prozent der Erdgeschichte umfasst. Wenn wir also verstehen wollen, wie sich die Erde seit ihren gluhend heisen Anfangen entwickelt hat, mussen wir uns den Kontinenten zuwenden, denn dort finden wir Gesteine, die ein Alter von mehr als vier Milliarden Jahren aufweisen.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension After Surgical Treatment of Cushing Disease: Case Report and Review of Management Strategies.

Background Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in patients with Cushing disease (CD), after treatment, is rarely described, in adults. The cause is believed to be multifactorial, potentially related to a relative decrease in cortisol after surgical resection or medical treatment of a corticotroph pituitary adenoma. We investigate our center's CD database (140 surgically and 60 medically [primary or adjunct] treated patients) for cases of IIH, describe our center's experience with symptomatic IIH, and review treatment strategies in adults with CD after transsphenoidal resection. Case Description We present the case of a 22-year-old woman who presented with worsening headache, nausea, vomiting, blurry vision, diplopia, visual loss, and facial numbness 14 weeks after surgical resection of adrenocorticotropic hormone-positive pituitary adenoma. Her CD had been in remission since surgery, with subsequent adrenal insufficiency (AI), which was initially treated with supraphysiologic glucocorticoid replacement, tapered down to physiologic doses at the time the IIH symptoms developed. Conclusions Symptomatic IIH is rare in adult patients but can be severe and result in permanent vision loss. A high index of suspicion should be maintained and a fundus examination is necessary to exclude papilledema, whenever there are suggestive symptoms that initially may overlap with AI. It is possible that some cases of mild IIH are misdiagnosed as GC withdrawal or AI; however, further studies are needed. Treatment consists of reinitiation of higher steroid doses together with acetazolamide with or without cerebrospinal fluid diversion and the priority is to preserve vision and reverse any visual loss.