cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ornstein-Zernike decay in the ground state of the quantum Ising model in a strong transverse field

We consider the quantum mechanical Ising ferromagnet in a strong transverse magnetic field in nay number of dimensions,d. We prove that in the ground state the power law correction to the exponential decay of the two point function isd/2. The proof begins by writing the ground state as a classical system in one more dimension. (Thus the classical Ornstein-Zernike power of (d-1)/2 becomesd/2). We then develop a convergent polymer expansion and use the techniques of Bricmont and Frohlich [5].
Optical dephasing of paramagnetic ions: Er3+ : YLiF4 — experiments and computer simulations

Abstract At high magnetic fields and low temperatures, 0.02% YLiF4:Er3+ is observed to show strongly non-exponential two photon echo decay which becomes independent of the field above 27 kG. We describe the optical dephasing using a computer simulation which takes into account the mutual spin flips of 3000 F host nuclei. The highly nonexponential echo decay results from the “frozen core” of nuclear spins near the large Er3+ magnetic moment, whose spin flip rates are greatly slowed down compared to the unperturbed spins. The simulations predict the echo decay shape and provide a means to estimate the nuclear spin flip rates. The simulation results are compared with theories for the electron spin and photon echo decay.
The Influence of Routine Completion Arteriography on Outcome following Carotid Endarterectomy

= 69) normal; Group B (n= 29), abnormal, severe defects; Group C (n= 56), abnormal, mild–moderate defect. RCA detected 32 defects in Group B: 10 internal carotid (ICA), seven endpoint flaps, two kinks, one dissection; 16 external carotid (ECA), 10 severe endpoint defects and six total occlusion; six common carotid (CCA), five irregular proximal shelfs, one web. Thirty of 32 defects were successfully repaired as confirmed by normal repeat RCA studies; one ECA defect was not repaired and the ICA dissection was irreparable. In Group C, 67 mild–moderate defects were identified, but not corrected. These included 50% restenosis rate of 7% (11/154). The yield from routine carotid completion arteriograms was significant, with 19% of studies identifying a severe defect that required repair. Although the difference in stroke rates and restenosis between the different groups did not reach statistical significance, patients with normal intraoperative arteriograms initially or after correction of a significant RCA defect had no early carotid occlusion (p= 0.05, Fisher's exact test) compared to patients with residual RCA defects. All early carotid occlusions occurred in patients with unrepaired defects. We conclude that RCA is an important method of quality control after CEA and exerts a subtle, but real, reduction in postoperative complications.
Video Intervention for Child and Caregiver Distress Related to the Child Sexual Abuse Medical Examination: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

Children who disclose child sexual abuse are often referred for a comprehensive medical exam to ensure physical well-being and gather evidence. This study examined a brief, developmentally appropriate, psychoeducational video designed to instruct children and caregivers about the exam procedures and coping strategies to be used during the exam. Sixty-nine children ages 4–15 and their caregivers were randomly assigned to view the psychoeducational video (n = 35) or to receive standard practice (n = 34). Distress before, during, and after the exam was assessed in both children and caregiver, as were measures of satisfaction and knowledge about the investigation process and coping strategies. Consistent with hypotheses, results indicated that the video intervention was well-received by families, increased caregiver knowledge, and decreased stress during the examination. Caregiver and child distress decreased from pre to post examination across both conditions, and, unexpectedly, there were no significant differences in these decreases between groups. Overall results from this pilot study are promising in supporting a cost-effective and brief early intervention approach at the time of the medical examination for child sexual abuse for children and their caregivers.
Inflammatory pseudotumour of the post-bulbar duodenum

SUMMARY The cases of five patients with upper gastrointestinal barium examination findings suggestive of a post-bulbar duodenal tumour are presented. Further investigations failed to confirm evidence of a neoplasm, but instead identified post-bulbar duodenal ulceration or scarring. Possible causes for these findings, technical considerations for avoiding this pitfall, and the importance of appropriate further investigations are discussed.
Nashville and America in one dimension

The movie Nashville continues to be a prime topic of conversation among New York writers half a year after its release, according to John Leonard of the New York Times news service. Impressive for any movie, what accounts for the staying power of this musical set among the denizens of country music city? One of the fascinations is surely the film's structure. In it a large number of characters act out their parts without ever once interacting. No one character touches another; none learns from experience. Like two-year-olds in a sand box, they only coact. Since the great engine drama in Western society from soap opera to grand opera is character development, the coaction strategy of Nashville is singularly arresting. The coacting strategy is strongly reminiscent of King Kong. In that 1933 minor classic it is an artistic device intended to facilitate the action; in the 1975 film coaction has become a representation of how people re-
Venoarterial versus venovenous ECMO for neonatal respiratory failure

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) continues to be an important rescue therapy for newborns with a variety of causes of cardio-respiratory failure unresponsive to high-frequency ventilation, surfactant replacement, and inhaled nitric oxide. There are approximately 800 neonatal respiratory ECMO cases reported annually to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization; venoarterial ECMO has been used in approximately 72% with a cumulative survival of 71% and venovenous has been used in 28% with a survival of 84%. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is now the most common indication for ECMO. This article reviews the development of the two types of extracorporeal support, venoarterial and venovenous ECMO, and discusses the advantages of each method, the current selection criteria, the procedure, and the clinical management of neonates on ECMO.
Kinetic simulations of 3-D reconnection and magnetotail disruptions

The effects of a full 3-D geometry on collisionless reconnection are still basically unknown. Large scale 3-D particle-in-cell simulations are used to investigate the role of internal instabilities associated with the third dimension on the reconnection process and to examine the effect of boundary conditions which are imposed on a localized reconnection region by the large scale system. For an idealized current sheet of the Harris type the internal instabilities are found not to substantially alter the structure of the 2-D diffusion region. A convection electric field localized near midnight drives a magnetotail configuration to reconnect with the formation of a thin, electron dominated current sheet and a region 2 sense field-aligned current system in the reconnection region. These processes, however, do not appear to exhibit the characteristics associated with substorm onset.
Studies of Urocanic Acid: Intermediate Products in the Enzymatic Degradation of Urocanic Acid

Studies of Urocanic Acid: Intermediate Products in the Enzymatic Degradation of Urocanic Acid
Nucleotide composition of ribonucleoprotein particles from Escherichia coli

The nucleotide composition of the four principal nucleotides is the same in the three different kinds of ribonucleoprotein particles from E. Coli, with sedimentation constants of 30 S, 50 S and 70 S.
Decalcification of the crowns of teeth in situ

With a history of pain in the left tonsillar region of fourteen months’ duration, a white man, 62 years of age, on examination by the Section on Laryngology, Oral and Plastic Surgery of the Mayo Clinic, presented a large firm mass which involved the left tonsil, the base of the tongue, and the lateral wall of the hypopharynx. Biopsy of a specimen from the tongue revealed the lesion to be a squamous cell epithelioma, Grade 3 (Broders’ method). Irradiation was prescribed and the patient returned home for treatment..
Perfect Happiness and the Resurrection of the Body

Although not a great deal has been said about heaven in the Christian tradition, it is part of the traditional notion of heaven that the blessed are in a condition of perfect happiness. In this life we can be happy to a certain degree, but mixed with earthly happiness is disappointment, frustration, and even sorrow. In heaven, by contrast, there is no sadness, nothing is lacking, happiness is complete. The usual way of explaining this perfect happiness is in terms of the ‘beatific vision’ – the face to face relationship of knowing and loving God which the blessed enjoy. On earth we experience only finite objects; nothing that we come to know ever completely satisfies our desire to know, and nothing that we love ever completely satisfies our will. But in the beatific vision we shall be in a direct relationship with the infinite God, who in his boundless perfection will completely ‘fill up’ our capacities to know and love. As the completely adequate object of these capacities, God will make us perfectly happy. As Aquinas puts it, ‘…But if God alone were seen, who is the fount and source of all being and of all truth, he would so fill the natural desire for knowledge that nothing else would be desired, and the seer would be completely happy.’
Reactions of beginning counselors to situations involving death and dying

It has commonly been assumed by thanatologists that client problems centering on death and dying are particularly demanding and difficult for the mental health professional. The present study tested this assumption by asking 81 beginning counselors to rate their degree of comfort with 15 counseling scenarios, 5 of which involved death or loss (e.g., terminal illness, suicide, AIDS, grief) and 10 of which concerned other focal issues (e.g., rape, marital problems). As predicted, counselors rated situations involving death and dying as substantially more uncomfortable than other presenting problems. However, counselors' levels of experience and personal death threat were unrelated to their response to death situations, leaving the cause of their discomfort with such situations unexplained.
Neuroimaging studies in CNS drugs approved from 1995 to 2004

Background/Aims The objective of this project is to evaluate the use of the imaging modalities in development of Neuropharmacological drugs. Neuroimaging (NI) has the potential to link pharmacokinetics (PK) with pharmacodynamics (PD) and could therefore be an important aid in understanding mechanisms of action and adverse effects of drugs, as well as in identifying mechanisms for variability in drug response. Imaging can be an effective tool in optimizing Neuropharmacological drug development. Methods NDAs approved from 1995 to 2004 in the Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products were evaluated using a survey type approach. Information collected included the stated purpose of imaging study, PK, imaging, and PD results, and whether the study was used to support dosing or the proposed indication. Evaluation included review of the NDA submission, the final label, the FDA reviews and published literature. Results There were 98 NDAs approved in the Neuropharmacology division out of which 77 have thus far been surveyed. Twelve of the 77 submissions included NI studies. Four of these NDAs had receptor occupancy studies and 3 were used to support the proof of concept. The receptor occupancy results are in reasonable agreement with the final selected doses. Conclusions A database capturing characteristics of NI studies in drug development has been initiated. Future efforts will focus on identifying those NI characteristics in the literature and in IND/NDAs that can be used to optimize drug development. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P99–P99; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.01.007
Electrocatalytic conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons in O2− and H+ solid electrolytic cells: Electrokinetics and mass transport limitations☆

Abstract As a fundamental approach to the electrocatalytic dimerization of methane in a proton-conducting solid electrolyte cell, the electrokinetics for the Ag|SCY|Ag cell, where SCY is ytterbia-doped strontia-ceria, was examined at 600–700°C for 100% H 2 . Exchange currents, limiting currents, and their dependence on temperature were measured.
In vitro binding of bile acids by rice bran, oat bran, wheat bran, and corn bran

ABSTRACT The in vitro bile acid binding by rice, oat, wheat, and corn brans was determined using a mixture of bile acids normally secreted in human bile at a physiological pH of 6.3. The objective of the study was to relate bile acid binding of cereal brans to health promoting properties. Three experiments were conducted testing substrates on an equal weight (dry matter) basis, an equal total dietary fiber (TDF) basis, and an equal TDF and equal fat basis. Each experiment was repeated to validate the results (for a total of six experiments). The relative in vitro bile acid binding of the cereal brans on an equal TDF basis considering cholestyramine as 100% bound was rice bran 51%, wheat bran 31%, oat bran 26%, and corn bran 5%. The data suggest that cholesterol lowering by rice bran appears to be related to bile acid binding. The primary mechanism of cholesterol lowering by oat bran may not be due to bile acid binding by soluble fiber. Bile acid binding did not appear to be proportional to the soluble fib...
Localization of a mutant p53 response element on the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 promoter: Mutant p53 activities are distinct from wild-type

Missense mutations in the p53 gene have been observed in greater than 60% of all human tumors. Recent evidence indicates that some mutations in p53 arise as the cancer progresses from a benign tumor to a metastatic tumor and that these mutations in p53 actively contribute to the process of cancer progression. Previously, we reported that the expression of the gene encoding the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) is repressed in cells expressing codons 248 and 281 mutant p53 alleles. The ability of tumor-derived p53 mutants to inhibit TIMP-3 expression provides a novel mechanism for understanding how p53 mutations might contribute to tumorigenesis. Since mutant p53 is often expressed at elevated levels in a variety of cancers, the generation of cells in a tumor carrying certain mutations in p53 would cause inappropriately reduced expression of TIMP-3 and lead to elevated matrix metalloproteinase activity. We present the results of experiments that begin to determine the mechanism by which mutant p53 represses TIMP-3 gene expression. By generating deletion derivatives of the TIMP-3 promoter and testing them for expression and by performing DNA protein binding assays on the regions determined to be required for repression, we have identified elements that are essential for mutant p53-mediated transcriptional repression. These elements respond specifically to mutant but not wild type p53. While mutant p53 itself does not bind to the TIMP-3 promoter, we provide evidence for the presence of DNA binding proteins whose activity is enhanced in the presence of mutant p53.
Elliptic curve cryptography: Java implementation

The use of Java in developing commercial Internet applications is growing very rapidly. A major requirement for e-commerce applications is the provision of security. In this work we consider Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) because of the high level of security it provides with small key sizes. ECC is ideal for use on constrained environments such as pagers, personal digital assistants, cellular phones and smart cards. We implement the ECC algorithms approved by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Java on the Dell Inspiron 7500. The speeds of the various ECC algorithms are provided.
Utilizing mythic criticism in contemporary narrative culture: Examining the “present‐absence” of shadow archetypes in spider‐man

This paper conducts a reading of the popular film Spider‐Man by examining the use of shadow archetypes in the portrayal of the Green Goblin. The Gram Goblin character provides a complex representation of villainy in a modem popular narrative. Utilizing cultural definitions of shadow in mythology, this paper discerns that the Goblin incorporates two traditional portals of access to the shadow, the mirror and the mask. These two symbols allow the audience access to the shadow, but at the same time allow the shadow to remain elusive. Ultimately, I argue for the use of polysemic analysis, particularly hermeneutic depth, in mythological criticism. By positioning mythic criticism as a way of understanding polysemy in contemporary narrative, we are able to ascertain patterns of mythic context rather than mythological retellings in narratives.
Two- and Three-Dimensional van Krevelen Diagrams: A Graphical Analysis Complementary to the Kendrick Mass Plot for Sorting Elemental Compositions of Complex Organic Mixtures Based on Ultrahigh-Resolution Broadband Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Measurements

Ultrahigh-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry has resolved and identified the elemental compositions of over 10 000 organic constituents of coal and petroleum crude oil. A plot of Kendrick mass defect versus Kendrick nominal mass sorts compounds into homologous series according to compound class (i.e., numbers of N, O, and S heteroatoms), type (number of rings plus double bonds), and degree of alkylation (number of CH2 groups), to yield unique elemental assignments from ultrahigh-resolution mass measurements in the 200−900 Da range. Interpretation of such a vast compilation requires a simple (preferably graphical) means to differentiate between complex organic mixtures of different origin or processing. In an extension of the recently revived van Krevelen plot, each elemental composition is projected onto two or three axes according to its H/C, O/C, and/or N/C atomic ratios. The H/C ratio separates compounds according to degree of saturation, wher...
Surgical management of popliteal aneurysms. Trends in presentation, treatment, and results from 1952 to 1984.

Abstract Graft replacement was performed for 123 (77%) of 160 popliteal aneurysms evaluated at The Cleveland Clinic from 1952 to 1984, employing autogenous saphenous vein in 58 (36%), polytetrafluoroethylene in 19 (12%), and of historic interest, Dacron (12%) or arterial homograft (16%) in 46. The 10-year cumulative patency (CP) rate was 56% and the limb salvage (LS) rate was 83% following graft replacement, but late results were superior in patients who received vein bypass (CP, 94%; LS, 98%), in those who underwent revascularization before ischemic complications had occurred (CP, 92%; LS, 96%), and in those who recovered both pedal pulses (CP, 64%; LS, 96%). Long-term asymptomatic limbs were restored in 96%, 92%, and 89% of these subsets, respectively, compared with 65% of those receiving other graft materials (p = 0.00003), 59% of those with preoperative ischemic symptoms (p = 0.00001) and 68% of those regaining only an isolated popliteal pulse (p = 0.0326). These data indicate that popliteal aneurysms should be corrected by vein bypass to a patent tibioperoneal segment before spontaneous thrombosis or embolization eliminates the critical outflow bed. (J VASC SURG 1986;3:125-34.)
Phase-transition behavior in a random-anisotropy system.

The character of the magnetic transition is studied for a magnetic glass with strong random-anisotropy and ferromagnetic interactions. Field-dependent ac susceptibility measurements are presented near the ordering temperature of ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{64}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{16}$. The data are analyzed with a scaling theory for the singular susceptibility. An excellent collapse of the $H$, $T$ data is obtained for reduced temperatures in the range 0.002-0.13. These results, which are compared with recent theoretical work, provide strong evidence for a true phase transition in a random-anisotropy system.
Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Brood Adults: Reverse Emergence

The emergence of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) brood adults from the inner surface of removed Pinus taeda L. bark is described. It is well known that bark beetles normally emerge through the outer bark. The parent adults bore the so- called "ventilation holes" (Melnikova 1964, Payne 1980), while the brood adults bore the more frequent "exit holes." However, Miller and Keen (1960) reported that when bark was removed from trees infested with the western pine beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis LeCompte 1876, the adults reversed their normal direction of emer- gence and emerged through the inner surface. If the bark were kept in a container with light excluded, the beetles emerged from both the outer and inner bark surfaces. This note reports similar behavior for the southern pine beetle, D. frontalis Zimmermann 1868.
Power-up calibration techniques for double-sampling ΔΣ modulators

Two new start-up DAC calibration techniques are proposed for double-sampling ΔΣ modulators. The first one is a modification of the existing calibration technique, while the second technique is proposed specifically for double-sampling ΔΣ modulators. Dynamic element matching is used to eliminate ‘intra-DAC’ mismatches, and digital correction for the remaining ‘inter-DAC’ mismatches.
Light and electron microscopy of Sondermann's channels in the human trabecular meshwork.

Channels identified as Sondermann's “inner canaliculi” were found in the trabecular meshwork of both infant and adult eyes of the human by means of light and electron microscopy. They were lined by endothelia, and were located in the endothelial meshwork. They clearly opened into Schlemm's canal. The structure of these channels has been described. Conclusive information, with respect to the relation of these channels to the intertrabecular spaces and, therefore, the anterior chamber, has not been obtained. However, study of serial electron micrographs strongly suggests that the channels communicated with such spaces.
Role of the Cochaperone Tpr2 in Hsp90 Chaperoning

rhe molecular chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 are highly regulated by various cochaperones that participate in the activation of steroid receptors. Here we study Tpr2 (also called DjC7), a TPR domain-containing type III J protein implicated in steroid receptor chaperoning. We propose that Tpr2 plays a role in the Hsp90-dependent chaperoning of the progesterone receptor (PR). Tpr2 overexpression or knockdown resulted in slight reductions in PR transcriptional activity in HeLa cells. Immunoprecipitation and pulldown experiments indicated that Tpr2 associates with Hsp90 and Hsp70 complexes, some of which also contain the PR. Tpr2 can bind Hsp90 and Hsp70 simultaneously, which is also a property of the cochaperone Hop. However, unlike Hop, Tpr2 binding to Hsp70 in the presence of Hsp90 is ATP-dependent, and Tpr2 cannot replace Hop in Hsp90 chaperoning in vitro or in vivo. While Tpr2 was not detected as a component of PR heterocomplexes in cell lysates, purified Tpr2 bound the PR readily. Surprisingly, Tpr2 replaced type I and II J proteins in the Hsp90-dependent chaperoning of the PR and the protein kinase, Chkl. Unlike other J proteins, Tpr2 promoted the accumulation of Hsp70 in PR heterocomplexes in the presence of Hsp90. Thus, Tpr2 has the potential to regulate PR chaperoning.
Self-Q-switched diode-end-pumped Cr,Nd:YAG laser with polarized output

We report self-Q-switching operation of a miniature diode-end-pumped Cr,Nd:YAG laser in which the chromium ions act as a saturable absorber for the Nd3+ laser emission at 1064 nm. The laser output is highly polarized, with an extinction ratio of 600:1. The use of laser host crystal doped with saturable absorber can lead to the development of monolithic Q-switched solid-state lasers.
Phorbol esters induce two distinct changes in GH3 pituitary cell adenylate cyclase activity

Phorbol esters alter cyclic AMP levels in a number of tissues, including the anterior pituitary. We report that membrane preparations from GH3 cells exposed to phorbol esters exhibit decreased vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-stimulated and enhanced forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. The responsiveness of adenylate cyclase activity to NaF, guanylyl-imidodiphosphate, and Mn2+ was also reduced by phorbol ester treatment. The ability of somatostatin to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was reduced while phorbol ester exposure had no apparent effect on somatostatin inhibition of VIP-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. We suggest that protein kinase C alters at least two distinct components of the adenylate cyclase system. One modification disrupts hormone receptor-Gs interaction (lowering VIP efficacy) and the second perturbation augments the activity of the adenylate cyclase catalytic subunit.
Calcium-Binding Proteins in Serum of Chickens: Vitellogenin and Albumin

Abstract Two Ca-binding proteins of hen serum were resolved by gel filtration in45Ca buffer and were named CaBP(l) and CaBP(2). The major calcium-binding protein, CaBP(l), had a molecular size of 6.0 X 105 daltons and appears to be vitellogenin. Deeley et al. (1975) described vitellogenin as the precursor of lipovitellin and phosvitin, the Ca-binding proteins of egg yolk. The present paper demonstrates that “native” vitellogenin is a calcium-binding protein in the serum of laying chickens. The CaBP(2) co-eluted with and was immunologically identical to chicken serum albumin which also bound 45Ca. Data from elution profiles and phosphorus assays indicated that CaBP(l) and CaBP(2) were different from phosvitin and the Ca-binding proteins of the duodenum and uterus.
Middleton & Rowley: Forms of Collaboration in the Jacobean Playhouse

This review considers Middleton & Rowley: Forms of Collaboration in the Jacobean Playhouse .
Continuous spore disruption using radially focused, high-frequency ultrasound.

We report on the development of a novel, continuous-flow, radially focused ultrasonic disruptor capable of lysing Bacillus spores in the absence of added chemical denaturants, enzymes, or microparticles. Greater than 99% disruption was achieved for Bacillus globigii spores and Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells with sample residence times of 62, 12, and 12 s, respectively. Microscopic and SEM images indicated that at equivalent power levels, the incidence of cell death or loss of viability typically exceeded the efficiency of (visible) cell lysis. However, semiquantitative PCR showed up to a 1000-fold increase in intracellular DNA availability from ultrasonically disrupted spores, and liberated DNA was intact and available for subsequent detection.
The CT Halo Sign

The presence of a halo of ground-glass attenuation is usually associated with hemorrhagic nodules (2). This CT appearance was described by Kuhlman et al (1) in patients with invasive aspergillosis. In severely neutropenic patients, the CT halo sign is highly suggestive of infection by an angioinvasive fungus, most commonly Aspergillus. Vascular invasion by this fungus results in thrombosis of smallto medium-sized vessels, which causes ischemic necrosis (3). At pathologic examination, the nodules represent foci of infarction, and the halo of groundglass attenuation results from alveolar hemorrhage (2,4). Although it is less common, the halo sign may also be observed in nonhemorrhagic nodules, in which case either tumor cells or inflammatory infiltrate account for the halo of ground-glass attenuation (2). Nonetheless, in the appropriate clinical setting, the halo sign is considered early evidence of pulmonary aspergillosis even before serologic tests become positive (5), and it warrants the administration of systemic antifungal therapy (6).
Multiple [35S]t-Butylbicyclophosphorothionate Binding Sites in Rat and Chicken Cerebral Hemispheres

Specific binding of [35S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS) to membranes from cerebral hemispheres of adult rat and chicken was determined over a range of radioligand concentrations from 0.25 to 500 nM. Scatchard plots of these data were curvilinear and nonlinear regression analysis indicated binding to two sites that differ in affinity. For rat cerebrum, KD(1) = 1.15 nM, Bmax(1) = 0.085 pmol/mg; KD(2) = 232 nM, Bmax(2) = 16.9 pmol/mg. For chicken cerebrum, KD(1) = 1.39 nM, Bmax(1) = 0.111 pmol/mg; KD(2) = 166 nM, Bmax(2) = 17.6 pmol/mg. This multiplicity of [35S]TBPS binding was further confirmed when unlabeled TBPS or picrotoxinin displaced radioligand. The displacement curves were biphasic and yielded Hill coefficients from 0.65 to 0.70. These displacement curves were also resolved into two components with distinct IC50 values for unlabeled TBPS (rat, 1.55 and 271 nM; chicken, 2.40 and 224 nM). The IC50 values were similar to the dissociation constants obtained from equilibrium binding measurements.
Ionic polymerization of mono-olefinic hydrocarbons at low temperatures. A review of proposed mechanisms

The mechanism presented constitute proposals made in attempts to portray the role that electrophilic halides play in catalyzing the polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons. All of these halides require the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst in the reaction mixture and differ primarily in the interpretation of what constitutes the active factor in the initiation, propagation, and cessation steps. Mechanisms involving a thermal activation and dehydrohalogenation are discussed briefly and rejected as rather improbable. On the other hand, mechanisms involving a cationoid complex intermediate and a carbonium ion are extensively reviewed, especially in light of the recent findings of British investigators regarding the function of the so-called third component or cocatalyst. Attention is called to the rather marked specificity of reactions involving water or other polar cocatalysts, and, in addition, it is pointed out that, although cocatalysts appear to be necessary prerequisities for activation in a number of cases, the phenomenon is not a general one, since systems exist in which proton-supplying cocatalysts have not been proved necessary to initiate growth. To date, no single mechanism seems to satisfy all of the qualitative observations and known data. It is intended that the present discussion summarize available facts in terms of possible mechanisms, and, in addition, evaluate their plausibility in the light of present knowledge.
Grindelane derivatives by microbial transformation

Abstract The microbial transformation of grindelic acid by a culture of Aspergillus niger produced 3-ketogrindelic acid and the known grindelanes: 18-hydroxygrindelic acid, 7α,8α-epoxygrindelic acid and methyl-3-β-hydroxygrindelate.
Study of the cation exchange properties of bentonite with application to the assay of pharmaceuticals

An acid activated bentonite fraction was exchange saturated with gentian violet, and this complex is used for the study of exchange reactions employing organic cations. The effects of time, temperature, pH, concentration, ratio of solution to exchanger, solvent, and the nature of the cation are studied. An assay procedure is proposed wherein the amount of dye released from an exchange complex would indicate the concentration of cation or organic solvent in solution. The exchange of organic cations is compared for a few different exchange materials.
Genetic disruption of protein kinase Cδ reduces endotoxin-induced lung injury

The pathogenesis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome is characterized by sequestration of leukocytes in lung tissue, disruption of capillary integrity, and pulmonary edema....
Visual fatigue effects on vergence dynamics in asymptomatic individuals.

Purpose To evaluate objectively changes in vergence dynamics following intentional visual fatiguing tasks using congruent (C) and non-congruent (NC) vergence stimulus demands. Methods Pre- and post-task vergence dynamics to a 10.3° disparity stimulus were recorded objectively in 12 adult, asymptomatic individuals for both convergence and divergence. There were two fatigue-inducing tasks: Congruent or C-task: Subjects altered bifixation (50 cycles) between reduced Snellen charts at 2 m and at 20 cm every 3 s. Non-congruent or NC task: Subjects performed 50 cycles of vergence flipper (7Δ BO/BI), while bifixating a reduced Snellen chart at 40 cm. Pre- and post-task mean amplitude, time constant, peak velocity, and steady-state response variability were compared. Results There was a significant increase in mean post-task, steady-state response variability for both the C and NC tasks. However, there were no significant group differences for either convergence or divergence between the pre- and post-mean amplitude, time constant, and peak velocity parameters for both the C and NC tasks, although post-task peak velocity was consistently reduced. Conclusions Steady-state vergence response variability was found to be the critical objective parameter to demonstrate significant fatigue effects in the group. Peak velocity was also consistently reduced to a small extent in the NC task. We speculate that these fatigue effects are of a central, and not of peripheral, origin.
Light and Reproduction in the Rat: Effect of Lighting Schedule on Ovulation Blockade

The purpose of this study was to define the critical period of luteinizing hormone (LH) release under 3 different light-dark (L-D) ratios--12:12 14:10 and 16:8. This was done to determine what aspect of the light-dark cycle acts as the cue. In each lighting schedule pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) was administered to between 10 and 20 rats at 1 2 3 or 4 PM on the day of proestrus. The animals were killed the next day and examined for the presence of ova. Although the time the lights went on and off in the 3 lighting schedules was different the time of maximum ovulation blockage always occurred at 14 hours after midnight (midpoint of dark) or 2 hours after noon (midpoint of light) which corresponds to 2 PM in each group. When animals were studied in 12 hours of light per day with the lights going on and off 3 hours earlier than in the other control groups the peak of ovulation blockade also occurred 3 hours earlier. It appears that the onset of the "critical period" for LH release is not timed by the onset of light on dark but by the midpoint of either dark or light.
Maternal choline intake alters the epigenetic state of fetal cortisol-regulating genes in humans

The in utero availability of methyl donors, such as choline, may modify fetal epigenetic marks and lead to sustainable functional alterations throughout the life course. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates cortisol production and is sensitive to perinatal epigenetic programming. As an extension of a 12-wk dose-response choline feeding study conducted in third-trimester pregnant women, we investigated the effect of maternal choline intake (930 vs. 480 mg/d) on the epigenetic state of cortisol-regulating genes, and their expression, in placenta and cord venous blood. The higher maternal choline intake yielded higher placental promoter methylation of the cortisol-regulating genes, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH; P=0.05) and glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1; P=0.002); lower placental CRH transcript abundance (P=0.04); lower cord blood leukocyte promoter methylation of CRH (P=0.05) and NR3C1 (P=0.04); and 33% lower (P=0.07) cord plasma cortisol. In addition, placental global DNA methylation and dimethylated histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) were higher (P=0.02) in the 930 mg choline/d group, as was the expression of select placental methyltransferases. These data collectively suggest that maternal choline intake in humans modulates the epigenetic state of genes that regulate fetal HPA axis reactivity as well as the epigenomic status of fetal derived tissues.
The Semantics of Imperatives within a Theory of Clause Types

The contrast between imperatives and promissives brings out the issue well. These two types are functionally very similar: An imperative places a requirement on the addressee, while a promissive places a requirement on the speaker. Yet imperatives are apparently universal (and at least extremely common), while promissives are extremely rare. It does not seem easy to give a functional explanation for this contrast, and so in is reasonable to inquire into whether an explanation in terms of syntactic or semantic theory is possible. Clauses may of course be categorized in a wide variety of ways, and so it is a necessary precondition to the study of clause type systems to have a definition which makes clear which types of types we have in mind. Sadock & Zwicky ( 1 985) provide a suitable definition. According to them, clause types are universal, form a closed system, and are associated with a specific force. We should understand the property of universality in terms of ( 1 ) above; the major types are universal , whereas the others have noteworthy typological properties. Saying that clause types form a closed system is to say that every sentence is a member of one and only one type. This implies , for example, that the indicative mood is not a clause type in the relevant sense, since root declaratives and interrogatives are typically both declarative/interrogative and indicative. The concept of force most frequently invoked, especially in the syntax literature, is that of illocutionary force, but this is not accurate. Illocutionary force is a communicative-intentional concept, so that (2), used in its stereotypical way, has the force of requesting, not asking.
Influence of biochemical composition on endplate cartilage tensile properties in the human lumbar spine

The structural integrity of the cartilaginous endplate is critical to intervertebral disc health. Proper endplate integrity is important for resisting certain disc herniations1–4 and tears,5 maintaining a uniform intradiscal stress distribution,6 and regulating the transport of disc nutrients and metabolites.7–9 Importantly, failure of the endplate to perform these functions is hypothesized to accelerate disc degeneration.6,9 Endplate integrity is also critical for vertebral bone health; endplate cartilage damage significantly associates with inner-vated bone marrow lesions,10–13 which are suspected to be the pain generator in 30–40% of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).14,15 Consequently, elucidating the factors that influence endplate cartilage integrity is fundamental to understanding the cause of disc degeneration and chronic LBP and could help establish new targets for diagnosis and treatment. Several factors may influence endplate integrity, including loading conditions5 and disc behavior.16,17 The biochemical composition of the cartilage matrix is also presumed essential because the composition determines the material properties of the cartilage, which affect its ability to resist load or deformation. Since excessive load or deformation can damage the tissue, any changes in endplate biochemical composition that diminish its material properties could heighten the risk of damage. Although the composition of the endplate cartilage deteriorates dramatically with age,18,19 quantitative relationships between composition and material properties are unavailable. We sought to determine this relationship, being the first to report elastic and viscoelastic tensile properties of human endplate cartilage and to relate the presence of endplate cartilage damage to variation in composition and properties.
Preparing for medical emergencies: the essential drugs and equipment for the dental office.

ABSTRACT Background Acute medical emergencies can and do occur in the dental office. Preparing for them begins with a team approach by the dentist and staff members who have up-to-date certification in basic life support for health care providers. The ability to react immediately to the emergency at hand, including telephoning for help and having the equipment and drugs needed to respond to an emergency, can mean the difference between successful management and failure. Overview The purpose of this article is to provide a vision of the training, basic and critical drugs, and equipment necessary for staff members in general dental offices to manage the most common and anticipated medical emergencies. Conclusions and Clinical Implications Completion of annual continuing education courses and office medical emergency drills ensure a rapid response to emergency situations. It is the combination of a knowledgeable and skilled dental team with the equipment for basic airway rescue and oxygenation, monitoring equipment, an automated external defibrillator and a basic drug emergency kit that make the dental office a safer environment for patients and enhance dental professionals' capability to render competent and timely aid.
Space and Landscape Geochemistry

Chapter 3 noted that field investigations may occur at the local, regional, or global scale of detail; this chapter describes common ways in which studies of environmental geochemistry are carried out in space. Although the examples selected for inclusion are not formally involved with landscape geochemistry, they include approaches which can be applied directly to our discipline.
Stochastic Preplanned Household Activity Pattern Problem with Uncertain Activity Participation SHAPP

The so-called activity-based approach to analysis of human interaction with the social and physical environments dates back to the original time-space geography works of Hagerstrand and his colleagues at the Lund School in 1970. Despite their obvious theoretical attractiveness, activity-based approaches to understanding and predicting travel behavior have suffered from the absence of an analytical framework that unifies the complex interactions among the resource allocation decisions made by households in conducting their daily affairs outside the home while preserving the utility-maximizing principles presumed to guide such decisions. In this paper, we develop a computationally tractable system, based on an extension and modification of some rather well-known network-based formulations in operations research, to model human dynamics in uncertain environments. The research builds on the mathematical programming formulation of the household activity pattern problem by embedding stochastic elements in the planned household activity schedule decision process that capture the uncertainty of the need for rescheduling.
A portable device for quantification of forearm muscle tone.

The ability to objectively quantify muscle tone is important in the assessment of theeffectiveness of therapeutic intervention in persons with spasticity and other conditionsassociatedwithuppermotorneurondisorders.Spasticityisdeﬁnedasavelocity-dependenthypertonia caused by an abnormally high involuntary contraction of a muscle or group ofmuscles due to a rate-dependent reﬂex mechanism [1,2]. Tone, or resistance to externalstretch, can be modeled mathematically with the use of viscoelastic parameters when onemeasuresthetorqueanddisplacementofaperturbation.Inthisbriefreport,wedescribethedesignandinitialimplementationofanoveldirect-driveroboticdevicethatprovidesawiderange of displacement trajectories for the identiﬁcation of limb viscoelastic parameters.Current assessments of tone, such as the Ashworth Scale [3], are subjective andqualitativeinnatureandhavebeenshowntobeunreliable[4,5].Newmethodsareneeded.[2,5-7]. Although electromyography (EMG) measurements are useful for monitoring thetimingofreﬂexresponsestests,theyarenotidealforquantifyingmuscletonebecauseEMGsignals can be extremely “noisy.” Although electromyography (EMG) measurements areuseful for monitoring the timing of reﬂex responses, they are not ideal for quantifyingmuscle tone, because EMG signals can be extremely noisy. EMG magnitude is correlatedwith the active force produced by the muscle. However, the exact relationship is complexand can vary among subjects due to electrode placement and the nature of the contraction[5,7], particularly when the magnitude of the noise is similar to that of the EMG.
Flooding and surface connectivity of Taxodium-Nyssa stands in a southern floodplain forest ecosystem.

An understanding of the factors controlling the permanent and episodic links between the main stem of a river and the ecosystems of its alluvial floodplain is necessary for evaluating the influence of modern river processes on floodplain ecology and habitat diversity and for the successful implementation of flow regimes that meet human needs for water in a manner that sustains the ecological integrity of affected systems. In this study, we examined relationships between river hydrology and lateral hydrological connectivity, which is crucial to directing fluxes of water, material, and organisms into and across a floodplain. We did so by translating measures of river discharge for the Congaree River into high resolution maps of flood conditions for the floodplain at Congaree National Park using a 2D flood inundation model. Utilizing a graph network approach, we then analyzed the connectivity of a key wetland ecosystem, Taxodium-Nyssa forested swamps, to the main stem river and to each other under different flows. Our results underscore that floodplain connectivity is initiated at sub-bankfull discharges and does not depend on levee overtopping, while also clarifying that various sources of connectivity are triggered at different flow levels in specific reaches. Further, our findings demonstrate the sensitive and non-linear response of floodplain connectivity to river flows and provide useful information to facilitate the management of flood processes in the Congaree River watershed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (Whistling face)

The diagnosis of Freeman-Sheldon syndrome was made by ultrasonographic evaluation of a 20-week fetus with a positive family history. The ultrasonographic features were abnormalities of the extremities and mouth.