cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A theory for the streamwise turbulent fluctuations in high Reynolds number pipe flow

A new theory for the streamwise turbulent fluctuations in fully developed pipe flow is proposed. The theory extends the similarities between the mean flow and the streamwise turbulence fluctuations, as observed in experimental high Reynolds number data, to also include the theoretical derivation. Connecting the derivation of the fluctuations to that of the mean velocity at finite Reynolds number as introduced by Wosnik, Castillo & George (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 421, 2000, pp. 115-145) can explain the logarithmic behaviour as well as the coefficient of the logarithm. The slope of the logarithm, for the fluctuations, depends on the increase of the fluctuations with Reynolds number, which is shown to agree very well with the experimental data. A mesolayer, similar to that introduced by Wosnik et al., exists for the fluctuations for 300 > y(+) > 800, which coincides with the mesolayer for the mean velocities. In the mesolayer, the flow is still affected by viscosity, which shows up as a decrease in the fluctuations.
Software - Implemented Self-healing System

The term “Self-healing” denotes the capability of a software system in dealing with bugs. Fault tolerance for dependable computing is to provide the specified service through rigorous design whereas self-healing is meant for run-time issues. The paper describes various issues on designing a self-healing software application system that relies on the on-the-fly error detection and repair of web application or service agent code and data. Self-Healing is a very new area of research that deals with fault tolerance for dynamic systems. Self-healing deals with imprecise specification, uncontrolled environment and reconfiguration of system according to its dynamics. Software, which is capable of detecting and reacting to its malfunctions, is called self-healing software. Such software system has the ability to examine its failures and to take appropriate corrections. Self-Healing system must have knowledge about its expected behavior in order to examine whether its actual behavior deviates from its expected behavior in relation of the environment. A fault-model of Self-Healing system is to state what faults or injuries to be self-healed including fault duration, fault source such as, operational errors, defective system requirements or implementation errors etc. Self-healing categories of aspects include fault-model or fault hypothesis, System-response, System-completeness and Design-context. Based on many important literatures, this paper aims also to illustrate critical points of the emergent research topic of Self – Healing Software System.
Identification and model approximation for continuous-time systems on finite parameter sets

Almost-sure convergence of the maximum likelihood and the maximum a posteriori probability estimates of unknown parameters of continuous-time stochastic dynamical linear time-invariant systems is investigated. The unknown parameter set is assumed to be finite. The situation where the ture parameter does not belong to the unknown parameter set is considered, as well as the situation where the true model is included in the unknown parameter set.
Controlled Synthesis and Stability of Co@SiO2 Aqueous Colloids

Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as an important class of functional nanostructures with potential applications of magnetic resonance imaging, drug targeting, and bio-conjugation. We have developed a modified sol–gel approach to synthesize stable and well-dispersed magnetic Co@SiO2 nanoparticles with improved control over shell thickness and larger core diameters. These well-defined Co@SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles exhibit useful magnetic properties, and the protective silica shell allows them to be surface modified for bioconjugation for various biomedical applications. The core–shell nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, elemental mapping, and the line compositional analyses to demonstrate that uniform individually isolated core–shell nanoparticles are obtained through the improved synthetic route.
Volcanic arc emplacement onto the southernmost Appalachian Laurentian shelf: Characteristics and constraints

In the southernmost Appalachians, the Hillabee Greenstone, an Ordovician volcanic arc fragment, lies directly atop the outermost Laurentian Devonian-earliest Mississip- pian(?) shelf sequence at the structural top of the greenschist facies Talladega belt, the frontal metamorphic allochthon along this orogenic segment. The Hillabee Greenstone was emplaced between latest Devonian and middle Mississippian time. It and the upper- most Laurentian section were later repeated together within a series of map-scale imbri- cate slices of a postmetamorphic, dextral, transpressional, Alleghanian thrust duplex system that placed the high-grade eastern Blue Ridge allochthon atop the Talladega belt. Geochemical and geochronologic (U-Pb zircon) studies indicate that the Hillabee Greenstone's interstratifi ed tholeiitic meta- basalt and calc-alkaline metadacite/rhyolite formed within an extensional setting on con- tinental crust ca. 460-470 Ma. Palinspastic reconstructions of the southern Appalachian Ordovician margin place the Hillabee Green- stone outboard of the present position of the Pine Mountain terrane and suggest links to Ordovician plutonism in the overlying east- ern Blue Ridge, and possibly to widespread K-bentonite deposits within Ordovician plat- form units. The tectonic evolution of the Hil- labee Greenstone exhibits many unusual and intriguing features, including: (1) premeta- morphic emplacement along a basal cryptic thrust, which is remarkably concordant to both hanging wall and footwall sequences across its entire extent (>230 km), (2) forma- tion, transport, and emplacement of the arc fragment accompanied by minimal deforma- tion of the Hillabee Greenstone and under- lying outer-margin shelf rocks, (3) emplace- ment temporally coincident with the adjacent collision of the younger, tectonically indepen- dent Ouachita volcanic arc with southeastern Laurentia. These features highlight strong contrasts in the Ordovician-Taconian evolu- tion of the southern and northern parts of the Appalachian orogen.
Doing Family, Doing Gender, Doing Religion: Structured Ambivalence and the Religion‐Family Connection

The relationships among family, gender ideology, and religion appear more heterogeneous and tenuous than family scholars have expected, with conservative religious belief not necessarily translating into conservative familial behavior. In this article, I suggest the perspective of structured ambivalence as a theoretical framework for better understanding how religion may affect family life. I discuss conceptual and methodological issues as well as recommendations for future research on the religion-family connection. Language: en
Improvement in the light fastness of dyed and pigmented materials. 3 – The effect of antioxidants on the photostabilisation of dyes and pigments in some polymeric media

The effect of some added antioxidants on the photostabilisation of a quinophthalone dye (C. I. Solvent Yellow 33) and C. I. Pigment Red 38 in polymeric media such as chlorosulphonated polyethylene (CSM rubber), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polyethylene has been examined. The effects varied according to the type of antioxidant used. For example, the addition of 2, 6–di–t–butyl–4–methylphenol, an effective radical scavenger, afforded little protection against photodegradation, whilst the singlet oxygen quenching of antioxidants such as bis(l, 2–diaryl or dialkyl–l, 2–ethylenedithiolato) nickel, nickel dialkyldithiocar–bamate, nickel bis(mesitylenesulphonate), and nickel (N–n–dodecylsalicylaldimine) conferred improved resistance towards photodegradation.
A long-range attraction between aggregating 3T3 cells mediated by near-infrared light scattering.

Abstract At what range can a mammalian cell sense the presence of another cell and through what medium? To approach these questions, the formation of aggregates of a 3T3 cell variant (3T3x cells) grown on solid substrates was studied. Each of the aggregates consisted of cells that, at the time of their seeding, were single and located randomly. Yet somehow they seemed to detect each other within a certain range (R a) and move together to form aggregates. The article describes a simple assay to measure the value of R a. When applied to 3T3x cells with altered intensities of near-infrared light scattering (I sc) the assay showed that (i) R a was much larger than one cell diameter, and (ii) R a was directly related to I sc. The results suggest that near-infrared light scattering by the cells mediate a long-range attraction between them, which does not require physical contact and enables them to detect each other's presence. aggregation cell sorting
The Effects of Employment Protection for Obese People

This paper uses a 1993 court case, Cook v. Rhode Island, in conjunction with the implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to estimate the impact of employment protection on the labor market outcomes of obese people. In Cook, a federal appeals court ruled for the first time that obesity can be covered under the ADA. Using data from 1988 to 1999, I estimate that Cook increased employment for obese women and men relative to those whose weight was in the recommended range on the order of four and two percentage points, respectively. The results provide new evidence that obesity has important labor market implications.
How Should Congress React to Bush's Tax Proposals?

In this report, Thompson argues that Congress should reject many of President Bush's February 2007 tax proposals and instead (1) return to the pre-2002 rate structure for high-bracket taxpayers, while making permanent tax relief for low- and middle-income taxpayers, (2) provide permanent relief from the alternative minimum tax for middle-income taxpayers by adding 45 percent and 50 percent brackets for taxpayers with super-high levels of income, (3) tax dividends at ordinary income rates with appropriate relief for low-bracket taxpayers, (4) reinstate the maximum 20 percent rate for capital gains of high-bracket taxpayers, (5) reinstate the estate tax with a $4 million exemption and an increase in the marginal rates for large estates, (5) codify the economic substance doctrine, and (6) adopt a current imputation system of taxation for controlled foreign corporations.
Commentary on: Six things every plastic surgeon needs to know about teamwork training and checklists.

Recently, I performed a seemingly uneventful inframammary breast augmentation, something that could be considered a “routine case.” Two hours later, I was called to the recovery room and discovered a major, painful swelling of the left breast. I took the patient back to the operating room for revision, drained 350 mL of hematoma, and found a small pulsating artery, which was easily cauterized. The patient recovered well, with no further complications, and is now happy with the result. In a meeting with the team after the operation, we discussed several factors that could have contributed to this complication. Among them were pressure to finish the case before the staff change at 4 pm and a moment of low systolic pressure just before closing the wound. However, what struck me the most during this meeting was when the nurse told me that the bleeding was exactly where she had expected it, because she had seen some minor bleeding there before we finished the first operation. When I asked her why she hadn't told me about it then, she said she had been afraid because she was new to our center and it was the first time she had worked with me. Also, she was sure that I had seen the bleeding and thought I had not been concerned about it. This clinical example can teach us several important lessons:
A Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of the Core Courses in an Engineering Curriculum

THE PROBLEM of selecting students for univer sity and college admittance is pervasive and ever present and considerable attention has been devoted to developing effective selection procedures. How ever, most research efforts in this area have con centrated on the predictor segment of the prediction equation and have paid very little attention to the cri terion side. Most often the criterion used for eval uating the worth of a selection instrument is fir s t term or first year total grade point average and not much effort has been devoted to examining what di mensions or ''factors" might explain the total vari ance of this global type measure for various cur ricula. The present study attempts, by means of a step wise hierarchical cluster analysis, to break down this global measure in the most meaningful manner possible so as to provide information relevant to what factors of course content account for the vari ation in the total GPA, which predictors in the bat tery predict which course clusters best, and what content factors need better predictors to account for their variance.
Why Public Nutrition

Good food security and nutrition of the population is an important objective for all those involved in public health, social welfare, and socio-economic development. Although the practice and study of public nutrition is well established, it has been defined by a myriad of names, such as “public health nutrition,” “community nutrition,” and “international nutrition.” The result has tended to constrain practitioners or confuse the range of their work. The need for a new name that embodies the complex ideas and multitudes of activities of “public nutrition” is explained. Such a construct, in order to escape the fuzziness of jargon, should lead to clearer thinking and better action, that is, it should help develop better practice to improve the well-being of all populations, and the training and research to support that practice.
Partners in the Warburg effect

Cells that surround tumors produce vesicles that supply nutrients to cancer cells and, more surprisingly, also impair the generation of energy in these cancer cells.
Modeling extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations in ovarian cancer by multiphoton excited fabrication of stromal models (Conference Presentation)

A profound remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in human ovarian cancer but it unknown how this affects tumor growth, where this understanding could lead to better diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. We investigate the role of these ECM alterations by using multiphoton excited (MPE) polymerization to fabricate biomimetic models to investigate operative cell-matrix interactions in invasion/metastasis. First, we create nano/microstructured gradients mimicking the basal lamina to study adhesion/migration dynamics of ovarian cancer cells of differing metastatic potential. We find a strong haptotactic response that depends on both contact guidance and ECM binding cues. While we found enhanced migration for more invasive cells, the specifics of alignment and directed migration also depend on cell polarity. We further use MPE fabrication to create collagen scaffolds with complex, 3D submicron morphology. The stromal scaffold designs are derived directly from “blueprints” based on SHG images of normal, high risk, and malignant ovarian tissues. The models are seeded with different cancer cell lines and this allows decoupling of the roles of cell characteristics (metastatic potential) and ECM structure and composition (normal vs cancer) on adhesion/migration dynamics. We found the malignant stroma structure promotes enhanced migration and proliferation and also cytoskeletal alignment. Creating synthetic models based on fibers patterns further allows decoupling the topographic roles of the fibers themselves vs their alignment within the tissue. These models cannot be synthesized by other conventional fabrication methods and we suggest the MPE image-based fabrication method will enable a variety of studies in cancer biology.
Improving Assessments of Fake and Substandard Drugs in the Field

Substandard and counterfeit drugs can be lethal to patients and accelerate drug resistance across at-risk populations. This is a major problem for diseases like malaria with few high-quality treatments available. Some African governments, notably Nigeria and Ghana, have responded to this challenge, often with help from donors, and have deployed an array of technologies to assist them.
Clinical motion analyses over eight consecutive years in a child with crouch gait: a case report

This case report provides a unique look at the progression of crouch gait in a child with cerebral palsy over an 8-year time period, through annual physical examinations, three-dimensional gait analyses, and evaluation of postural balance. Our patient received regular botulinum toxin-A injections, casting, and physical therapy but no surgical interventions. A white American boy with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy was evaluated annually by clinical motion analyses, including physical examination, joint kinematics, electromyography, energy expenditure, and standing postural balance tests, from 6 to 13 years of age. These analyses revealed that the biomechanical factors contributing to our patient’s crouch gait were weak plantar flexors, short and spastic hamstrings, moderately short hip flexors, and external rotation of the tibiae. Despite annual recommendations for surgical lengthening of the hamstrings, the family opted for non-surgical treatment through botulinum toxin-A injections, casting, and exercise. Our patient’s crouch gait improved between ages 6 and 9, then worsened at age 10, concurrent with his greatest body mass index, increased plantar flexor weakness, increased standing postural sway, slowest normalized walking speed, and greatest walking energy expenditure. Although our patient’s maximum knee extension in stance improved by 14 degrees at 13 years of age compared to 6 years of age, peak knee flexion in swing declined, his ankles became more dorsiflexed, his hips became more internally rotated, and his tibiae became more externally rotated. From 6 to 9 years of age, our patient’s minimum stance-phase knee flexion varied in an inverse relationship with his body mass index; from 10 to 13 years of age, changes in his minimum stance-phase knee flexion paralleled changes in his body mass index. The motor deficits of weakness, spasticity, shortened muscle-tendon lengths, and impaired selective motor control were highlighted by our patient’s clinical motion analyses. Overall, our patient’s crouch gait improved mildly with aggressive non-operative management and a supportive family dedicated to regular home exercise. The annual clinical motion analyses identified changes in motor deficits that were associated with changes in the child’s walking pattern, suggesting that these analyses can serve to track the progression of children with spastic cerebral palsy.
Speciation and Determination of Dissolved Iodide and Iodine in Environmental Aqueous Samples by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Total dissolved iodide (I - ) and iodine (I 2 ) are determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) using iodine vapor generation. I - is determined directly after filtration. It is oxidized in situ to I 2 with potassium nitrite in sulfuric acid in a simplified continuous-flow manifold. A standard nebulizer separates I 2 , which is quantitated by ICP-AES at 206.16 nm. The instrument detection limit for I - is 0.04 μg/mL. Recoveries from seawater, saltwater, and freshwater standard reference materials ranged from 86.5 to 118.6%, averaging 98.2%. I 2 is analyzed by ICP-AES without the iodine vapor generation reagents. For samples containing both I 2 and I - , total iodine is determined with oxidizing reagents, I 2 alone is determined without oxidizing reagents, and I - is calculated from the difference. The analysis is specific for the 2 species (I - and I 2 ). Stability of I 2 in environmental samples was briefly investigated. This method demonstrates good accuracy and precision for samples of environmental interest and is especially well suited to small samples. It requires no additional apparatus for iodine generation or sample introduction.
Solvency, Liquidity, Asset-Backed Paper, and the Carry Trade

Regulators, members of the board of directors, and the public must be confident that the capital requirements of a credit institution are determined in a way that enhances safety and soundness, not only of the company itself but of the banking system as a whole. While capital adequacy regulations should neither penalize banks nor artificially distort the competitive playing field, they should assure the bank’s survival in case of crisis — precisely when core capital is the most important. In terms of capital adequacy, banks suffer from two catastrophic risks: Insolvency, and Illiquidity.
A Measure of Regional Mammographic Masking Based on the CDMAM Phantom

Detectability of invasive cancerous lesions in mammography is diminished in breasts with dense and complex fibroglandular tissue. If masking were locally quantified in mammograms, radiologists could potentially use this information to clear the region using targeted adjuvant screening techniques. We present a method to quantify localized masking using a model observer to detect virtual objects of varying thickness and size convoluted into the clinical mammogram. Contrast detail curves are used to create an Image Quality Factor IQF at high resolution throughout the breast. We report on preliminary findings of how IQF is related to measures of breast density and textural complexity in a cohort of women who experienced screening detected and interval masked cancers. This measure of masking using a localized contrast detail curve approach should provide a means to target adjuvant screening resources for faster and more effective determination of cancer status for women with dense breast.
For Their Money and Votes: Farmers, Distributors, and Builders

National power in a democratic system depends on a political party’s ability to gain more votes during elections than its opponents. Winning enough votes, however, depends on many important factors. Money is clearly essential in every system to varying degrees; the more money in a political party’s coffers, the more opportunity to use it to sell the party’s candidates to the voters by paying for the candidate’s travel expenses, building a small army of election campaign workers, buying expensive mass-media campaigns, and, in some systems, paying off the leaders of key voting blocks. Organizing and coordinating such efforts are almost as important as having the money to pay for them. And of course, money and organization will be useless unless a political party promises most voters what they want to hear. Once in office, performance becomes as important as money, organization, and promises to maintaining the party in power. A party in power does not have to fulfill all its promises; it simply has to convince most voters that it has done a better job in office under the circumstances than its opponents would have done. Voters do not have to actually be better off than they were before the previous election, they simply have to be made to believe that they are either better off, or less badly-off than if the opposition had lead the government.
Speech and Language Development in ADHD

Speech discrimination and phonological working memory were examined in children with ADHD (N=9), ADHD plus developmental coordination disorder (ADHD+DCD) (N=13), and 19 age-matched controls, in a study at the Neuropediatric Unit, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Direct Observation of Electron–Phonon Coupling and Slow Vibrational Relaxation in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites

Quantum and dielectric confinement effects in Ruddlesden-Popper 2D hybrid perovskites create excitons with a binding energy exceeding 150 meV. We exploit the large exciton binding energy to study exciton and carrier dynamics as well as electron–phonon coupling (EPC) in hybrid perovskites using absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. At temperatures 75 K, excitonic absorption and PL exhibit homogeneous broadening. While absorption remains homogeneous, ...
Imaging of Hydrogel Microsphere Structure and Foreign Body Response Based on Endogenous X-Ray Phase Contrast

Transplantation of functional islets encapsulated in stable biomaterials has the potential to cure Type I diabetes. However, the success of these materials requires the ability to quantitatively evaluate their stability. Imaging techniques that enable monitoring of biomaterial performance are critical to further development in the field. X-ray phase-contrast (XPC) imaging is an emerging class of X-ray techniques that have shown significant promise for imaging biomaterial and soft tissue structures. In this study, XPC imaging techniques are shown to enable three dimensional (3D) imaging and evaluation of islet volume, alginate hydrogel structure, and local soft tissue features ex vivo. Rat islets were encapsulated in sterile ultrapurified alginate systems produced using a high-throughput microfluidic system. The encapsulated islets were implanted in omentum pouches created in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes. Microbeads were imaged with XPC imaging before implantation and as whole tissue samples after explantation from the animals. XPC microcomputed tomography (μCT) was performed with systems using tube-based and synchrotron X-ray sources. Islets could be identified within alginate beads and the islet volume was quantified in the synchrotron-based μCT volumes. Omental adipose tissue could be distinguished from inflammatory regions resulting from implanted beads in harvested samples with both XPC imaging techniques. Individual beads and the local encapsulation response were observed and quantified using quantitative measurements, which showed good agreement with histology. The 3D structure of the microbeads could be characterized with XPC imaging and failed beads could also be identified. These results point to the substantial potential of XPC imaging as a tool for imaging biomaterials in small animal models and deliver a critical step toward in vivo imaging.
Lessons from the Space Between Languages: Notes on Poetry and Ethnography

Rosaldo’s chapter may be thought of as a companion piece to his essay “Notes on Poetry and Ethnography.” In this essay, he comments on the ethnographic poetry of Yusef Komunyakaa and Naomi Shihab Nye, addressing not only cultural translation but also linguistic translation. As someone familiar with the American racial field, who weighed in the translation of Komunyakaa’s poem on Vietnam into Spanish, he reads Komunyakaa’s poem as a continuation of the civil rights struggle by other means. His chapter in this volume is a meditation on what a poet, translator, and ethnographer may have in common.
Platinum replica electron microscopy: Imaging the cytoskeleton globally and locally.

Structural studies reveal how smaller components of a system work together as a whole. However, combining high resolution of details with full coverage of the whole is challenging. In cell biology, light microscopy can image many cells in their entirety, but at a lower resolution, whereas electron microscopy affords very high resolution, but usually at the expense of the sample size and coverage. Structural analyses of the cytoskeleton are especially demanding, because cytoskeletal networks are unresolvable by light microscopy due to their density and intricacy, whereas their proper preservation is a challenge for electron microscopy. Platinum replica electron microscopy can uniquely bridge the gap between the “comfort zones” of light and electron microscopy by allowing high resolution imaging of the cytoskeleton throughout the entire cell and in many cells in the population. This review describes the principles and applications of platinum replica electron microscopy for studies of the cytoskeleton.
Bladder Regeneration Using Multiple Acellular Scaffolds with Growth Factors in a Bladder

Introduction: Tissue engineering may become an alternative to current bladder augmentation techniques. Large scaffolds are needed for clinically significant augmentation, but can result in fibrosis and graft shrinkage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of multiple scaffolds instead of one large scaffold, to enhance bladder tissue regeneration and bladder capacity. Second, acellular collagen, collagen–heparin, and collagen–heparin scaffolds with growth factors (GFs) were used and the biological activity of the different scaffolds was compared in a large animal model. Materials and Methods: Scaffolds were made of bovine type I collagen with or without heparin (O = 3.2 cm). Collagen–heparin scaffolds were loaded with GFs, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF). Three identical scaffolds prepared from collagen (COL-group), collagen with heparin (COLHEP-group), or collagen–heparin with growth factors ...
Coal miner participation in a job transfer program designed to prevent progression of pneumoconiosis, United States, 1986-2016.

The Part 90 program was designed to prevent progression of pneumoconiosis in U.S. coal miners by establishing their right to transfer to a less dusty job in the mine. We calculated the proportion of Part 90-eligible miners who participated during 1986–2016, examined participation by region, and compared characteristics of miners by participation status. Of the 3,547 eligible miners, 14.4% exercised their Part 90 option. Miners working in states outside central Appalachia, and those with more severe pneumoconiosis, were more likely to participate. The primary goal of respiratory health surveillance of coal miners is early detection of disease so that preventive action can be taken. Future studies should seek to better understand factors influencing Part 90 program participation.
Do Emerging Adults Learn What They Live? The Frequency and Importance of Childhood Family Faith Activities on Emerging Adults’ Prosocial Behavior Toward Family, Friends, and Strangers

Since most religions emphasize helping others and childhood family experiences contribute to emerging adults’ behavior, we explored how childhood family religious socialization was related to future emerging adults’ self-reported prosocial behavior after accounting for their current self-reported prosocial behavior. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which emerging adults’ (NT1=551) retrospective views of how frequent (FAITHS-Freq) and important (FAITHS-Importance) their childhood family faith activities were related to their future self-reported prosocial behavior toward family (PBFa), friends (PBFr) and strangers (PBSt) one year later (T2). After accounting for PB-T1 behaviors, FAITHS-frequency T1 significantly predicted T2 self-reported prosocial behavior towards strangers (PBSt), but not future (T2) PBFa or PBFr. The same pattern emerged for FAITHS-importance T1: after accounting for T1 PBs, it was only a significant predictor of T2 PBSt. Thus, for emerging adults both FAITHS-frequency and im...
Fine-scale heterogeneity drives forest use by spring migrant landbirds across a broad, contiguous forest matrix

ABSTRACT Much of our understanding of en route landbird habitat use comes from research performed at local scales, ignoring effects at larger spatial scales. We used a multiscale approach to investigate stopover habitat use by landbirds using transect surveys in 68 forested sites in southwestern Michigan, USA, during the springs of 2002 and 2003. We modeled relationships of bird density and arthropod abundance with broad-scale spatiotemporal factors (year, day of year, geographic location) and local landscape (forest composition and structure, presence of open water) as well as site-scale factors (bird density and arthropod abundance, which exchanged roles as predictor and response variables). We found migrant densities to be most influenced by fine-scale factors, such as the abundance of other avian taxa and substrate arthropods, followed by broader-scale factors, such as forest structure and location, within the local and broader surrounding landscape. We found that migrant habitat associations either d...
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION SIMULATION BASED TRAINING FOR GENERAL CARDIOLOGY FELLOWS: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

Cardiac catheterization training for general fellows comes with a steep learning curve. Simulation training outside of the cardiac cath lab in a protected environment provides an alternative arena for general fellows to gain better experience before entering the cardiac cath lab with actual patients
Linked elbow replacement: a salvage procedure for distal humeral nonunion. Surgical technique.

ABSTRACT FROM THE ORIGINAL ARTICLE BACKGROUND: Nonunion is a challenging and not uncommon complication of distal humeral fractures. Our long-term experience with linked semiconstrained total elbow arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for patients with distal humeral nonunion not amenable to internal fixation was investigated. METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive patients (ninety-two elbows) underwent total elbow arthroplasty for the treatment of a distal humeral nonunion, and the results were reviewed at a mean of 6.5 years postoperatively. Patients9 charts and anteroposterior and lateral radiographs made prior to and immediately after the joint replacement and at the time of the latest follow-up were reviewed to identify intraoperative and postoperative complications, and radiographic evidence of loosening or bushing wear. The outcome measures consisted of prosthetic survival, with implant removal as the end point for failure, and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). RESULTS: At the time of the most recent follow-up, joint stability had been initially restored in all patients, including nine who had had a grossly flailed elbow. Sixty-seven (74%) of the patients had no pain or mild pain at the time of the latest follow-up, whereas seventy-nine patients (87%) had had moderate or severe pain prior to the surgery. While 85% (seventy-seven) of the ninety-one patients rated the outcome as better or much better, twenty patients (22%) had a fair or poor MEPS. A total of forty-four complications occurred in forty elbows, and there were thirty-two reoperations, twenty-three of which involved implant revision or removal. Factors that increased the risk of implant failure were a patient age of less than sixty-five years, two or more prior surgical procedures, and a history of infection. The rate of prosthetic survival without removal or revision for any reason was 96% at two years, 82% at five years, and 65% at both ten and fifteen years. CONCLUSIONS: Linked semiconstrained total elbow arthroplasty is a salvage procedure that can provide pain relief and restore motion and function in patients with a distal humeral nonunion that is not amenable to internal fixation. Substantial risk factors for failure include an age of less than sixty-five years, multiple previous surgical procedures, and any history of infection. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION: “Linked Elbow Replacement: A Salvage Procedure for Distal Humeral Nonunion” (2008;90:1939-50).
Introduction: Cell Cooperation in Antibody Production — A Perspective with Questions

My job is to introduce the session on lymphoid cell interactions. It is not to review it — that would take too long and that has also been done frequently and at great length in the recent literature.
The Incomplete Gamma Function

This table contains values of \(F(x;\alpha ) = \int_0^x {{1 \over {\Gamma (\alpha )}}{y^{\alpha -1}}{e^{ -y}}dy.} \)
A Method of Regularization of the Hypersingular Integral Contained in the Traction Boundary Integral Equation for the Stokes Flow Problem

Several methods have been developed in the past several years to evaluate the hypersingular integrals appearing in certain boundary element formulations. These methods include numerical quadrature, analytic evaluation, and regularization. The numerical quadrature methods have met with only limited success. The analytic evaluation methods can be prohibitive in terms of the amount of algebra required in their derivation and are limited primarily to flat boundary elements. On the other hand, regularization methods can appear to be a collection of opaque mathematical tricks. In this paper, we describe a method of regularization for the hypersingular integral contained in the traction boundary integral equation for the Stokes flow problem. Although the integrand containing three hypersingular terms appears complex, we show that the same general methodology which can be applied for simpler potential problems can also be applied for the Stokes flow problem. We demonstrate the validity of our method of regularization by considering two example problems.
A Pulsational- Wave Model of Time for Theories and Therapies of Aging

One's conception of time has a direct influence upon one's understanding of aging processes. The Newtonian conceptual model predominates within the social sciences. This article highlights a variety of difficulties that natural scientists, philosophers, and social scientists have identified with this model and provides an alternative for understanding temporality. The Pulsational-Wave model provides a context within which a more descriptively accurate and prescriptively useful understanding of time/aging would be available to thinkers, researchers, and practitioners. The model achieves these purposes because it provides temporal characteristics that reflect the variety of levels, types of experiences, and cultural dimensions of time/aging related to groups and to individuals. The article highlights a variety of issues, both theoretical as well as applied, that this model helps to clarify. This clarification can lead to a better understanding of aging processes and more effective prescriptive measures for aging successfully.
Impact of early life adversity on the stress biobehavioral response during nicotine withdrawal

Abstract Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased subsequent risk for addiction and relapse. We examined changes in psychobiological responses to stress in dependent smokers and nonsmoking controls and evaluated how history of early adversity may exacerbate acute changes during nicotine withdrawal and acute stress. Smokers were randomly assigned to one of two conditions; 24 h withdrawal (66 smokers) from smoking and all nicotine-containing products or smoking ad libitum (46 smokers) prior to an acute laboratory stress induction session; and 44 nonsmokers provided normal referencing. The laboratory session included a baseline rest, stress and recovery periods. Plasma and saliva samples for the measurement stress hormones and cardiovascular and self-report mood measures were collected multiple times during the session. Multivariate analysis confirmed that all groups showed stress-related increases in negative mood, cardiovascular measures and stress hormones, particularly smokers in the withdrawal condition. Individuals with high ELA showed greater adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), but lower plasma and salivary cortisol levels, than those with low ELA. Cortisol differences were abolished during tobacco withdrawal. These findings demonstrate that ELA moderates the effects of withdrawal on stress-related biobehavioral changes.
Evaluation of the Survey of Professional Forecasters in the Greenbook’s Loss Function

We aim to find a forecast in the Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) that is closest to the Greenbook forecast of the Federal Reserve Board. To do it, we look for an SPF cross-sectional percentile that is not encompassed by the Greenbook forecast under the Greenbook’s estimated asymmetric quadratic loss function with allowing asymmetry to be time-varying. To evaluate each SPF percentile in terms of the Greenbook’s asymmetric quadratic loss function, we introduce the encompassing test for the asymmetric least square regression (Newey and Powell, Econometrica 55(4):819–847, 1987). From the analysis of the US quarterly real output and inflation forecasts over the past four decades, we find that almost all SPF percentiles are encompassed by the Greenbook forecast in full data period. However there is evidence in sub-periods that many SPF percentiles are not encompassed by Greenbook. Among them, the best SPF percentile that is not encompassed by Greenbook and is closest to Greenbook for real output growth forecast is near the median of the SPF percentiles, while the best SPF percentile for inflation forecast is far below the median in the left tail of the SPF cross-sectional distribution. It indicates that the common practice of using the SPF median can be misleading.
A framework for modeling and assessing system resilience using a Bayesian network: A case study of an interdependent electrical infrastructure system

Abstract This research utilizes Bayesian network to address a range of possible risks to the electrical power system and its interdependent networks (EIN) and offers possible options to mitigate the consequences of a disruption. The interdependent electrical infrastructure system in Washington, D.C. is used as a case study to quantify the resilience using the Bayesian network. Quantification of resilience is further analyzed based on different types of analysis such as forward propagation, backward propagation, sensitivity analysis, and information theory. The general insight drawn from these analyses indicate that reliability, backup power source, and resource restoration are the prime factors contributed towards enhancing the resilience of an interdependent electrical infrastructure system.
Teaching Track Faculty in CS

Many computer science departments have chosen to hire faculty to teach in teaching-track positions that parallel the standard tenure-track position, providing the possibility of promotion, longer- term contracts, and higher pay for excellence in teaching and service. This birds-of-a-feather is designed to gather educators, both experienced and new to teaching track positions, who are currently in such a position to share their experiences as members of the faculty of their departments and schools, and to provide opportunities for schools considering such positions to gather information. In particular, we will discuss how to support for new teaching track faculty, as many CS departments are expanding and adding teaching track positions.
Computation by Symmetry Operations in a Structured Neural Model of the Brain: Music and Abstract Reasoning

Predictions [1,2] from our structured neural model [3-7] of the cortex led us to the hypothesis that music could causally enhance spatial-temporal reasoning. We have shown [8,9]: a) College students scored significantly higher on a spatial-temporal reasoning task after listening to a Mozart Sonata, but not after listening to silence or to minimalist music. b) Preschool children who received private keyboard lessons for 6 months improved dramatically on a spatial-temporal reasoning task while appropriate control groups did not improve significantly [10]. Enhancement a) lasted roughly 10 minutes and established the causal effect, while enhancement b) lasts long enough to have major educational implications. Here we review the model, in particular, the “built-in” ability of the cortex to recognize symmetry relations [7] among the inherent spatial-temporal firing patterns, which we suggest is a crucial feature of the cortical relationship between music and spatial-temporal reasoning. Then, we summarize the striking behavioral results [8-10], and make further predictions relevant to education.
Diseases of the Pericardium

The pericardium is the fibroelastic sac that encases the heart separating it from the surrounding structures in the mediastinum. It is composed of an outer fibrous pericardium and an inner two-layer serous pericardium consisting of the visceral (epipericardium) that is adherent to the myocardium and then layers back on itself forming the parietal layer that lines the outer fibrous sac. The visceral and parietal layers are separated by a potential space that contains <50 mL of a lubricating plasma filtrate. The pericardium helps maintain positioning of the heart within the thoracic cavity and provides a barrier against infection and inflammation. Diseases of the pericardium are relatively common with varied clinical symptoms and features that can result from localized disease or be a manifestation of system illness.
Optimal Grid – Distributed Energy Resource Coordination: Distribution Locational Marginal Costs and Hierarchical Decomposition

We consider radial distribution networks hosting Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), including Solar Photovoltaic (PV) and storage-like loads, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs). We employ short-run dynamic Distribution Locational Marginal Costs (DLMCs) of real and reactive power to co-optimize distribution network and DER schedules. Striking a balance between centralized control and distributed self-dispatch, we present a novel hierarchical decomposition approach that is based on centralized AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) interacting with DER self-dispatch that adapts to real and reactive power DLMCs. The proposed approach is designed to be highly scalable for massive DER Grid integration with high model fidelity incorporating rigorous network component dynamics and costs and reflecting them in DLMCs. We illustrate the use of an Enhanced AC OPF to discover spatiotemporally varying DLMCs enabling optimal Grid-DER coordination incorporating congestion and asset (transformer) degradation. We employ an actual distribution feeder to exemplify the use of DLMCs as financial incentives conveying sufficient information to optimize Distribution Network and DER (PV and EV) operation, and we discuss the applicability and tractability of the proposed approach, while modeling the full complexity of spatiotemporal DER capabilities and preferences.
Gait characterization for patients with orthostatic tremor.

Abstract Introduction Orthostatic tremor (OT) patients frequently report gait unsteadiness with the advancement of disease; however, there is little understanding of its physiology. We sought to examine in OT, the spatial and temporal characteristics of gait, and the relationship with tremor physiology. Methods Gait parameters for OT (n = 16) were recorded with an instrumented Zeno walkway system. All participants complained of gait unsteadiness, especially during slow walking. In a subset of OT, recordings were synchronized with a wireless EMG system for tremor assessment and feet pressure recording. Gait assessments were performed at self-selected habitual, fast, and slow speeds. Results Compared to data available for an age- and sex-matched healthy controls, OT patients had a significantly reduced step length, increased step width, and increased gait variability (p Conclusion OT patients have distinct gait abnormalities similar to cerebellar disorders. Tremor discharges from the non-weight bearing leg in the swing phase suggests that muscle contractions, even when occurring without resistance, contribute to OT generation.