cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling a hospital main cafeteria

Taylor II version 2.0 is a PC based, menu-driven, discrete event simulation modeling software package featuring 2D/3D animation; a user programmable interface-Taylor Language Interface (TLI); graphics and paintbox (drawing) capabilities, distribution curve-fitting; and context-sensitive help. Add-on modules include advanced statistics, a run-time development kit, and shaded animation. When learning a new simulation language, it is helpful to have a frame of reference that delineates at least the minimum programming elements required to formulate a successful model. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Often, examples in the documentation are presented out of the context of a completed model leaving it up to the simulation practitioner to assemble the various pieces. Concepts presented in sample programs included with the package may be difficult to follow and to place in the context of your specific program development effort. The purpose of the paper is to provide the new user with the basics of Taylor II by building a "hard-copy" application step by step. We illustrate the importance of the relationships between various individually presented menus to emphasize the linkage between menu choices and the construction of user-written functions. By providing an overview of the total application development cycle, the user gains perspective on how individual parts are integrated into a working model.
Phonological Constraints on the Assembly of Skeletal Structure in Reading.

Linguistic research suggests that certain skeletal frames (e.g., CVC) are preferred to others (e.g., VCC). We examine whether such preferences constrain reading in the Stroop task. We demonstrate that CCVC nonwords facilitate naming the color black (/blaek/, a CCVC frame) relative to CVC controls. Conversely, CCVC items inhibit red (a CVC frame) relative to CVC controls. These results suggest that readers are sensitive to the congruency between the skeletal structure of color names and printed nonwords. However, various frames are not all equally preferred: the color black is named faster with a VCC frame, an infrequent and ill-formed frame, relative to a CVC frame, a frequent and grammatically preferred frame. These findings suggest that the representation of printed words specifies distinct slots for consonants and vowels, and readers are equipped with preferences (either grammatical or statistical) concerning skeletal frames. These conclusions underscore the contribution of linguistic knowledge to skilled reading.
Tissue and Cell Membrane Lipid Composition in Rats on Adaptation to Highland Conditions

The effects of the physical factors of highland altitudes (3200 m) on the lipid composition of tissues and cell membranes were studied in rats. Adaptation of the animals to highland conditions was accompanied by changes in tissue phospholipid composition. Adaptive phospholipid re-composition was seen in the lungs, brain, liver, and skeletal muscle, and in the microsomal membrane fractions isolated from them, with increases in the quantities of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid. Adaptation at low temperature (+10°C) led to more significant changes in lipid peroxidation and phospholipid composition in tissues and membranes than adaptation in thermally neutral conditions (+30°C). Modification of tissue and cell membrane lipid composition in rats in highland conditions appeared to increase the body’s adaptive potential – the animals showed a tendency to increases in physical work capacity and resistance to hypoxia.
Thermal desorption—tandem mass spectrometry for the detection and identification of formulated products

Abstract A method has been developed to analyze complex formulated materials by means of conventional analytical pyrolysis instrumentation interfaced to an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometer (APCI-MS/MS). Controlled thermal processing with on-line detection and identification was demonstrated with diverse samples, including powders and bulk solids, common to the food, agricultural and consumer product industries. Applications of the rapid method are demonstrated with materials important to the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceuticals, including aspirin, caffeine, pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine and acetaminophen were detected in over-the-counter cold/allergy tablets despite a broad variation (4–80%) in their mixtures and the products' binder/filler matrices. Real-time, sensitive analyses of target ingredients in complex materials are significant capabilities for process monitoring and quality control and assurance operations. Advantages of the general thermal desorption APCI-MS/MS method are speed, minimal sample preparation, and the ability to analyze small (milligram) amounts and varied types of complex samples. This analytical method has the potential to serve as a screening technique for analytes in solid formulations.
On public-key cryptosystems based on combinatorial group theory.

We analyze and critique the public-key cryptosystem, based on combinatorial group theory, that was proposed by Wagner and Magyarik in 1984. This idea is actually not based on the word problem but on another, generally easier, premise problem. Moreover, the idea of the Wagner-Magyarik system is vague, and it is dicult to find a secure realization of this idea. We describe a public-key cryptosystem inspired in part by the Wagner-Magyarik idea, but we also use group actions on words.
Recycling of Polyamide 66 and 6

Thank you for inviting me to participate in this conference. I am pleased to be able to describe to you our program at DuPont directed towards developing a closed-loop recycling technology for nylon. This presentation is based on work completed at the Experimental Station in Wilmington, Delaware and at our Research and Development Centre in Kingston, Ontario.
Can Neural Activity Propagate by Endogenous Electrical Field

It is widely accepted that synaptic transmissions and gap junctions are the major governing mechanisms for signal traveling in the neural system. Yet, a group of neural waves, either physiological or pathological, share the same speed of ∼0.1 m/s without synaptic transmission or gap junctions, and this speed is not consistent with axonal conduction or ionic diffusion. The only explanation left is an electrical field effect. We tested the hypothesis that endogenous electric fields are sufficient to explain the propagation with in silico and in vitro experiments. Simulation results show that field effects alone can indeed mediate propagation across layers of neurons with speeds of 0.12 ± 0.09 m/s with pathological kinetics, and 0.11 ± 0.03 m/s with physiologic kinetics, both generating weak field amplitudes of ∼2-6 mV/mm. Further, the model predicted that propagation speed values are inversely proportional to the cell-to-cell distances, but do not significantly change with extracellular resistivity, membrane capacitance, or membrane resistance. In vitro recordings in mice hippocampi produced similar speeds (0.10 ± 0.03 m/s) and field amplitudes (2.5-5 mV/mm), and by applying a blocking field, the propagation speed was greatly reduced. Finally, osmolarity experiments confirmed the model's prediction that cell-to-cell distance inversely affects propagation speed. Together, these results show that despite their weak amplitude, electric fields can be solely responsible for spike propagation at ∼0.1 m/s. This phenomenon could be important to explain the slow propagation of epileptic activity and other normal propagations at similar speeds.
The Role of the Nurse Navigator in the Management of the Heart Failure Patient

Today's health care systems are faced with challenges to transform health care delivery and provide quality and valued services for the heart failure population. These challenges require collaboration and the development of strategic processes that will redefine best practices. Implementing a multidimensional nurse navigator transition program is one approach to facilitating cross-continuum of care. Such a program has been proven to significantly reduce 30-day all-cause hospital readmissions, enhanced self-management skills, and improved follow-up compliance. This transitional care model can be used to address the needs of all patients with chronic conditions.
Alterations in the Microbial Flora and in the Incidence of Bacteremia at a University Hospital after Adoption of Amikacin as the Sole Formulary Aminoglycoside

Because of the rapid emergence of resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin among isolates of aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacteria at our university hospital, we designed a prospective study to track aminoglycoside resistance, bacteremic episodes, and bacteremia-associated deaths before and after the institution of amikacin as the sole formulary aminoglycoside. From June 1984 through June 1987 (immediately before this policy change), amikacin accounted for only 20% of patient-days of aminoglycoside therapy, and rates of resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin among aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacterial isolates were 12.8%, 10.8%, and 5.9%, respectively. During the next 30 months (immediately after the change in policy), amikacin accounted for 98% of patient-days of aminoglycoside therapy, and rates of resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were 6.3%, 5.0%, and 3.3%, respectively. Furthermore, during the latter 30 months, the incidence of both bacteremia and bacteremia-associated death decreased significantly. Hospitals at which resistance to gentamicin or tobramycin is increasing among the gram-negative flora may benefit from the use of amikacin as the principal aminoglycoside.
Verbal Protocol Analysis in three Experimental Domains Using Shapa

SHAPA is an interactive verbal protocol analysis tool based on Ericsson and Simon's (1984) recommendations for verbal protocol analysis (Sanderson, James, and Seidler, 1989). It provides a “shell” for carrying out protocol analysis. This paper shows how SHAPA has been used in three different domains: (1) the control of a complex continuous process, (2) a task where subjects give navigational information to active or passive listeners, and (3) the control of a simple city transport system. These examples show how SHAPA can help researchers collect data about the frequencies with which certain categories of verbalization occur and determine the patterns into which they fall.
The Analysis of Fromm's Thoughts on Social Psychology

Fromm's thoughts ion social psychology were listed as follows: development of self; social personality; social motive, etc. Fromm's analysis of the development of self mainly followed a thread as below: restraint→freedom→re-restraint→re-freedom. He regarded the process in the individual development of self in a dialectical way. He admitted that individual eventually would develop no matter what factors would affect it. And he knew that the development was not reversible. Social personality was the final effect of the self-development. It determined individual's thoughts, feelings and behaviors in society. It was also affected by some social factors. In Fromm's opinion, there were several needs in the process of individual formation of social personality, which were listed as following: needs of connection; needs of transcending; needs of seeking security; needs of identification and needs of direction. These needs made up of individual social motive.
Distal Hypospadias Repair Without Stents: Is It Better?

Abstract We previously reported the results of the meatal based flap urethroplasty (Mathieu) for distal hypospadias repair. Of 49 patients in whom stents were left indwelling for 2 to 5 days meatal stenosis developed in 1 and there were no fistulas. In view of these good results and to decrease postoperative discomfort from bladder spasms, we performed 37 consecutive meatal based flap repairs without stents. Seven patients (19%) had urinary retention requiring catheterization several hours after surgery, of whom 3 had had a caudal block and 4 a penile block with 0.25% bupivacaine for postoperative pain control. In 5 patients (14%) a urethrocutaneous fistula developed, which required surgical repair. Of the patients with a fistula 2 were also among those who presented with urinary retention and 1 had concomitant meatal stenosis. One child had meatal stenosis only, requiring a meatoplasty after failed dilations. Subsequently, of another 16 children who underwent the Mathieu repair with stents a urethrocutaneous fistula and meatal stenosis developed in 1 (6.2%) and 15 patients had no complications. Overall of 65 patients in whom a stent was used 3 (4.6%) had complications, in contrast with a complication rate of 18.9% in the unstented group, representing a statistically significant difference (p
Application of Markov Mean First-Passage Time Statistics to Sedimentary Successions: A Pennsylvanian Case-Study from the Illinois Basin

Markov chains have been widely used in the statistical analysis of sedimentary successions for the discrimination of non-random transitions between lithologies and the examination of potential cyclic patterns. A lithologic transition probability matrix can also be transformed to a matrix of mean first-passage times that represent the expected number of steps for first occurrences between lithologies or facies. These passage times capture the statistics of multiple transition paths and provide a metric of distances that can be used for comparisons between sections separated stratigraphically or geographically. In addition, systematic long-term elements can be differentiated from the short-term model provided by the limited memory contained within a transition probability matrix. A case-study example is described that demonstrates the use of mean first-passage times to show changes in the interplay of deltaic and marine facies, based on transition matrices from type sections of Pennsylvanian formations in the Illinois Basin.
Histomorphometric Analysis of Bone Remodeling

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the methods used to procure, process, and analyze the biopsy, under which, it considers tetracycline labeling and the surgical procedure. Prelabeling the patient with tetracycline prior to biopsy allows the histomorphometrist to quantify precisely the rate of bone formation at the time of the biopsy. The biopsy should be fixed in 70% ethanol because more aqueous fixatives may leach the tetracycline from the bone. After a fixation period of four to seven days, the biopsy is dehydrated in ethanol, cleared in toluene, and embedded in methyl methacrylate without decalcification. The study then reviews the remodeling process in normal bone and the changes that occur in a number of common disease states, as assessed by bone histomorphometry. Following this, it summarizes and illustrates the changes that occur in histomorphometric indices in common metabolic bone diseases. These changes can include hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, and osteoporosis. Finally, it describes the effects of commonly used osteoporosis drugs, assessed by bone biopsy, considering the drugs under the headings of their two principal mechanisms of action: anticatabolic, also known as antiresorptive, and anabolic.
Prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in paediatric urinary tract infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Summary Objectives We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of paediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), identify predisposing factors and examine their effect on the length of hospital stay (LOS). Methods For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for studies that provide data on the rate of ESBL-PE among paediatric UTIs. Results Out of 1828 non-duplicate citations, 16 studies reporting a total of 7374 cases of UTI were included. The prevalence of ESBL-PE was 14% [(95%CI 8, 21)]. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) [OR = 2.79, (95%CI 1.39, 5.58)], history of UTI [OR = 2.89 (95%CI 1.78, 4.68)] and recent antibiotic use [OR = 3.92, (95%CI 1.76, 8.7)] were identified as risk factors. The LOS was significantly longer among children infected with ESBL-PE, compared to those infected with other uropathogens. [SMD = 0.88, (95%CI 0.40, 1.35)]. Conclusions In the paediatric population, 1 out of 7 UTIs are caused by ESBL-PE. Patients with VUR, previous UTI or recent antibiotic use constitute a high risk group and these pathogens are associated with increased LOS. The significant incidence of ESBL-PE in this population should be taken into consideration in the development of empiric treatment protocols and antibiotic stewardship programmes, especially in high-prevalence areas.
The Scientific Outlook in Financial Economics: Transcript of the Presidential Address and Presentation Slides

This is the transcription of the American Finance Association's Presidential Address of January 7, 2017. The address is based on the paper "The Scientific Outlook in Financial Economics".
Improved reward estimation for efficient robot navigation using inverse reinforcement learning

Robot navigation is a central problem in extraterrestrial environments and a suitable navigation algorithm that allows the robot to quickly but precisely avoid initially unknown obstacles is important for efficient navigation. In this paper, we consider a well-known machine learning-based framework called reinforcement learning for robot navigation and investigate a technique for adaptively adjusting the rewards associated with robot maneuvers or actions within this framework. Most reinforcement learning techniques rely on hand-coded, simplistic reward functions which might not be able to determine the most appropriate actions for the robot when the robot is required to perform tasks with new features. To address this problem, we propose an algorithm called IRL-SMDPT (Inverse Reinforcement Learning in Semi Markov Decision Processes with Transfer) which utilizes an inverse reinforcement learning technique called Distance Minimization Inverse Reinforcement Learning (DM-IRL) to estimate an appropriate reward function so that a robot's navigation in complicated environments is improved. Our experimental results show that IRL-SMDPT can improve robot navigation by estimating rewards of trajectories more accurately in comparison to random and greedy reward variants and is also robust against small errors or noise in scoring trajectories.
Prediction-based Adaptive Robust Control for a Class of Uncertain Time-delay Systems

Abstract This paper presents an integrated control design approach for a class of dynamical systems that satisfy a certain matching condition subject to known input time-delay, unknown parameters, and time-varying disturbances, simultaneously. A novel nonlinear predictor adaptive robust control (PARC) is proposed to track a desired state trajectory. The controller uses predictor-based model compensation to attenuate the effect of input time-delay, gradient type projection with prediction-based learning mechanisms to reduce the parameter uncertainties, and prediction-based nonlinear robust feedback to attenuate the effect of model approximation errors and disturbances, simultaneously. The controller guarantees a prescribed transient performance (with global exponential convergence) and final steady-state tracking error with an ultimate bound proportional to the time-delay, the disturbances, and the switching gain. The effectiveness of the proposed control design is illustrated with a simple tumor growth example.
Ractopamine in particulate matter emitted from beef cattle feedyards and playa wetlands in the Central Plains

Beef cattle in the United States are routinely administered ractopamine, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, to enhance growth. This study is the first to quantify ractopamine in feedyard-emitted particulate matter (PM) and playa wetlands near feedyards. Ractopamine was present in 92% of PM samples, 16% of playa sediment samples, and 3% of playa water samples, at maximum concentrations of 4.7 μg/g, 5.2 ng/g (dry weight), and 271 ng/L, respectively. These data suggest that aerial transmission and deposition of PM is a transport mechanism for ractopamine between feedyards and aquatic systems in the region. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Mapping the energy footprint of produced water management in New Mexico

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) and horizontal drilling have revolutionized the fossil fuel industry by enabling production from unconventional oil and gas (UOG) reserves. However, UOG development requires large volumes of water, and subsequent oil and gas production from both conventional and unconventional wells generate large volumes of produced water (PW). While PW is usually considered a waste product, its reuse may lessen demand for freshwater supplies, reduce costs for transportation and disposal, and reduce the risks for injection-induced seismicity. Whether this water is disposed of or treated and reused, both methods require significant amounts of energy. The objective of this study was to identify the primary energy demands of alternative water management strategies, and to characterize and quantify their geographic variability in four oil and gas producing basins in New Mexico using a single year of production. Results illustrate the importance of each component of each produced water management strategy in determining its total energy footprint. Based on 2015 production and water use data, the energy to extract fresh groundwater for hydraulic fracturing (34 GWh-th yr−1.) exceeds the energy that would be required if the same volume of PW were treated chemically (19 GWh-th yr−1.). In addition, the energy required to transport fresh water and dispose of PW (167 GWh-th yr−1.) is far greater than that required to move treated PW (8 GWh-th yr−1.) to a point of reuse. Furthermore, transportation distances, which contribute significantly to the total energy footprint of a given management strategy, are underestimated by nearly 50% state-wide. This indicates that reuse may be an even more energy efficient way to manage PW, even with energy-intensive treatment strategies like electrocoagulation. Reuse of PW for HF is not only more energy efficient than conventional management techniques, it also reduces both demand for scarce fresh water resources and use of disposal wells. By evaluating components of each management strategy individually, this work illustrates how the energy footprint of regional PW management can be reduced. The advent of UOG recovery in the last decade highlights the need to understand existing water management in the industry, identify opportunities and strategies for improvement, and recognize that these dynamics are likely to change into the future.
Astrocytic modulation of excitatory synaptic signaling in a mouse model of Rett syndrome

Studies linking mutations in Methyl CpG Binding Protein 2 (MeCP2) to physiological defects in the neurological disease, Rett syndrome, have focused largely upon neuronal dysfunction despite MeCP2 ubiquitous expression. Here we explore roles for astrocytes in neuronal network function using cortical slice recordings. We find that astrocyte stimulation in wild-type mice increases excitatory synaptic activity that is absent in male mice lacking MeCP2 globally. To determine the cellular basis of the defect, we exploit a female mouse model for Rett syndrome that expresses wild-type MeCP2-GFP in a mosaic distribution throughout the brain, allowing us to test all combinations of wild-type and mutant cells. We find that the defect is dependent upon MeCP2 expression status in the astrocytes and not in the neurons. Our findings highlight a new role for astrocytes in regulation of excitatory synaptic signaling and in the neurological defects associated with Rett syndrome.
Pulmonary Inhalation Injury

The toxic effects of inhaling smoke were first documented following the Cleveland Clinic disaster in Ohio on 15 May 1929 and later after the Coconut Grove Nightclub Fire in Boston on 28 November 1942.
The laminin B2 chain has a multidomain structure homologous to the B1 chain.

Laminin (Mr = 850,000) is a large basement membrane-specific glycoprotein composed of three chains: A, B1, and B2. Previously, we have reported the primary structure of the B1 chain of mouse laminin deduced from sequencing cDNA clones (Sasaki M., Kato, S., Kohno, K., Martin, G. R., and Yamada, Y. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84, 935-939). Here we report the isolation of overlapping cDNA clones spanning 7642 bases which encode the entire B2 chain. The nucleotide sequence of the clones contains an open reading frame of 4821 bases coding for a protein of 1607 amino acids including 33 amino acids of a presumptive signal peptide. The mRNA for the B2 chain contains 2.5 kilobases of 3′-untranslated region. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates that the B2 chain consists of six distinct domains, including two domains with alpha-helical, coiled-coil structures, two domains with cysteine-rich homologous repeats, and two globular domains. These structural features of the B2 chain are similar to those of the B1 chain. In addition, the amino acid sequences of the B2 and B1 chains demonstrate considerable homology, suggesting that the genes for these two chains arose from a common ancestor.
Chapter 17 – Cellular Therapy

Cellular therapy is quickly becoming an integral part of transfusion medicine practice. Therefore, transfusion medicine professionals are required to be familiar with the practice of manufacturing therapeutic cellular products for clinical use. This chapter is designed with practical questions allowing for comprehension of the fundamental knowledge and important clinical issues in cellular therapy. The topics covered by this chapter include evaluating the manufacturing of various hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) products, reviewing the donor eligibility/suitability for HPCs collections, and also understanding the unique challenges of HPC mobilization/collection. The chapter also provides relevant clinical scenarios, such as specific transfusion support for patients receiving HPC transplantation with ABO-incompatible stem cell graft. Last, the chapter highlights the relevant FDA regulations that are critical in the field of cellular therapy.
Encoding counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically

Abstract In this article, I demonstrate how past time-reference, modality, negation, conditional, and the causal relationship between the protasis and the apodosis work together to generate counterfactuality in Chinese, syntactically. I study two syntactic means that can help construe counterfactuality in Chinese. First, I study the case of the specialized complementizer yaobushi ‘if not for’ based on Ippolito and Su (2009) by arguing that the causal clausal relationship and the overt or covert modality are obligatory in yaobushi counterfactual; in particular, I resort to the inherent negative entailment of the modal adverb cai ‘not until’ that satisfies the exhaustive operator to account for the needed negation in cai apodosis. Second, I propose that a hypothetical conditional clause with a past time-reference guarantees past counterfactuality in Chinese. I extend the morphological past-tense exclusion operator for counterfactuality (Iatridou 2000) to a more general and more pragmatic past time-reference to include tenseless languages like Chinese. I also show the special typological status of past tense and past counterfactual.
The More Things Change the More They Stay the SameVariability in Discrimination after Salient Events

One of the persistent questions in the social sciences is why economic discrimination continues despite legal and social pressure to act in an egalitarian fashion. In this work, we propose and test...
Optimal Minimum Violation Control Synthesis of Cyber-Physical Systems Under Attacks

Temporal logic provides a rigorous and expressive way to model specifications for cyber-physical systems (CPS). Such systems, which are playing increasingly important roles in various domains, are also subject to malicious attacks initiated by intelligent adversaries. Malicious attacks may prevent the system from satisfying the desired specification. In this article, we introduce a control synthesis method to minimize deviations from the desired specification due to adversaries. We consider the scenario where the adversary has limited capability of observing the controller's strategy. We synthesize a minimum violation control strategy for a finite-state stochastic game under cosafe linear temporal logic constraints. We formulate a mixed-integer nonlinear program for computing the optimal controller strategy and present two algorithms. First, we propose an exact algorithm that computes the optimal control strategy with probability one but without guarantees on the convergence rate. Second, we present an approximate algorithm that computes a suboptimal control strategy. The approximate algorithm converges faster compared to the exact algorithm; however, it only returns an optimal solution when the adversary has full observation over the controller's strategy. A numerical case study is presented to evaluate the proposed framework.
An Hourglass Circuit Motif Transforms a Motor Program via Subcellularly Localized Calcium Signaling in Muscle

Neural control of muscle function is fundamental to animal behavior. In many cases, specific muscles can generate multiple distinct behaviors. Nonetheless, individual muscle cells are generally regarded as the smallest units of motor control. Here we report that muscle cells can alter their behavioral output by contracting subcellularly. We previously discovered that noxious tastes reverse the flow of material through the C. elegans pharynx, a neuromuscular pump, resulting in spitting. We now show that spitting is driven by the contraction of subcellular regions of individual muscle cells. Localized calcium signals accompany these contractions. Spitting is controlled by an "hourglass" circuit motif: parallel neural pathways converge onto a single motor neuron that differentially controls multiple muscles and the critical subcellular muscle compartment. In short, we find that subcellular muscle units enable modulatory motor control and propose that subcellular muscle contraction is a fundamental mechanism by which neurons can reshape motor function.
Associations Between Mindfulness and Mental Health Outcomes: a Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment Research

Psychological science has taken up investigations of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) and mechanisms through which people benefit from mindfulness. Reliable and valid psychometric tools are essential components of psychological science, and efforts have been made to produce tools for the accurate measurement of mindfulness as a construct. However, trait measurement methods, which are commonly used, may not adequately assess mindfulness and mental health outcomes in a way that allows for mechanisms to be adequately tested. Intensive longitudinal assessment methods sample behavior and experience multiple times over a brief period of several days or weeks and may be more appropriate methods for testing mechanisms of action. We provide a systematic review of published, peer-reviewed studies that used intensive longitudinal methods to investigate the effects of mindfulness on mental health outcomes. Articles were included in the systematic review if mindfulness measures and/or mindfulness interventions were a part of the study design and if intensive longitudinal methods were used to assess mindfulness or mental health outcomes. Findings consistently demonstrated a positive association between mindfulness and mental health. Only two studies collected both trait and state measurements of either mindfulness or mental health outcomes, and results indicated that EMA produced larger effect sizes between mindfulness and mental health outcomes. Theorized associations between mindfulness and mental health are supported by the current EMA literature. Intensive longitudinal methods may produce more consistent and reliable results through increased sensitivity and ecological validity in that they examine the momentary relationships between mindfulness and mental health outcomes. Thus, intensive longitudinal assessment may be a more appropriate method for investigating hypothesized mechanisms of action in MBPs.
Comprehensive Loss Analysis of Two-level and Three-Level Inverter for Electric Vehicle Using Drive Cycle Models

There is increasing interest in the development of 800V DC bus voltage architecture for long-range electric vehicles (EV). Thus three-level neutral point clamped (3L-NPC) inverter is considered an alternative topology for EV drives. Efficiency is one of the significant benefits because it enables the use of low voltage rated devices. Given this fact, this paper presents a step by step comprehensive loss analysis methodology for the determination of inverter energy loss. Using the proposed approach, the loss results for a GaN-based 3L-NPC inverter is evaluated against a SiC-based two-level (2L) inverter topology. Inverter topology selected and power semiconductor devices used are fed as input to the analytical model. The proposed model then determines the operating points of the inverter based on given motor parameters, typical vehicle-road model, and operating driving schedule. Analytical switching instances are determined, and significant semiconductor losses are computed for the complete torque-speed operating range. Energy loss and efficiency results are presented for the case of standard urban and highway drive cycles.
Dual Mobility and Conventional Bearings Have Comparably Low Dislocation Rates for Anterior-Based Approaches in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Dual mobility (DM) bearings for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have been proposed to reduce the risk of instability in select patients, especially those undergoing revision surgery. The use of DM bearings has not been studied as extensively for use in primary THA. The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes following primary THA with anterior-based approaches between patients receiving DM bearings vs standard bearing hip implants. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients undergoing primary THA through an anterior-based approach. A 3:1 propensity score match was performed between the standard and DM bearing patients to control for possible risk factors for instability. Functional outcomes, dislocations, and aseptic revisions were identified for each patient. The effect of DM on postoperative outcomes was determined using univariate statistical analyses. Results In total, 250 DM bearings were compared to 753 standard bearings. We found no difference in dislocation rate between single bearings and DM bearings (0.53% vs 0.4%). There was 1 DM dislocation occurring in a liner with outer diameter of 38 mm. There were no DM dislocations with outer diameter >38 mm. Aseptic revision surgery was more common in DM. This difference was driven by higher incidence of femoral periprosthetic fracture. There were no differences in functional outcomes. Conclusion Dislocation rates are comparably low between DM bearings and standard bearings for THA done using an anterior approach to the hip. Further investigation is needed to determine if specific patient populations may benefit from DM implants for primary THA when an anterior approach to the hip is being used.
ISM band Integrated Distributed Antenna Systems for Industry 4.0: A Techno-Economic Analysis

Industries are moving towards automated monitoring and maintenance, and a single wireless technology cannot fulfill all the requirements to meet industrial demands. To achieve the desired capacity and coverage, a distributed antenna system -based multi-band heterogeneous network architecture is proposed, comprised of Long-Term Evolution networks; wireless local area networks; and industrial, scientific, and medical-band technologies such as long-range wide area network and radiofrequency identification. The proposed network model would enable industrial applications ranging from low- to high-power, low- to high-frequency, and short- to long-range communication regimes. The technical and economic feasibility of the network is analyzed through techno-economic analysis (TEA) with a nuclear power plant automation case study. Network performance is estimated through an ns-3 simulator for different data transmissions. TEA results showed that the proposed network architecture is feasible and profitable for the cases presented in this paper.
An Artificial Intelligence Technique for Information and Fact Retrieval: An Application in Medical Knowledge Processing

Concepts of information retrieval information retrieval systems natural language systems medical information systems clustering algorithms for information processing design decisions and an overview of the SHRIF system the input/output language processor the knowledge base organization the processes of cluster and plane formation the query handler/search facility the SHRIF system in operation. Appendices: a formal definition of the system language sample nodes in the medical knowledge base excerpts from an interactive session.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real-Time PCR

The PCR technique, developed over 3 decades ago, has revolutionized molecular biology. PCR applications encompass several fields, including genetics, molecular cloning, diagnosis of infectious and hereditary diseases, and forensic sciences. Improvements of the PCR technique have resulted in its expansion to include variants such as reverse-transcription PCR, real-time PCR, and real-time reverse-transcription PCR. This chapter provides an overview of current PCR and PCR variants methods.
The Role of Periaxonal and Perineuronal Spaces in Modifying Ionic Flow Across Neural Membranes

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on ionic concentration changes in spaces and layers adjacent to excitable membranes. The chapter presents a general model system for the analysis of such phenomena. In general, the computations generated by these models indicate that either accumulation or depletion of the change in potassium ion concentration in the medium just outside the squid giant axon membrane [K s ] could be theoretically predicted to occur as a function of the direction, amplitude, and duration of the membrane potential changes that determine the currents flowing across the axon membrane. The chapter theoretically analyzes the changes in ion concentration, potential differences, and volume flow in multicompartmental membrane systems where the ion transference numbers are different at the various interfaces between the subcompartments. The chapter discusses the significance of potassium ion accumulation for axon and neuron behavior. Potassium ion accumulation is found in other neural systems with anatomical features with the properties of constrained extracellular spaces. Some previously unexplained phenomena reported in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) can be explained on the basis of potassium ion accumulation in perineuronal spaces.
CONVERSION IN STRAINS OF HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

Pine, Leo (Duke University, Durham, N. C.) and Robert E. Webster. Conversion in strains of Histoplasma capsulatum. J. Bacteriol. 83:149-157. 1962-Photographs of mycelial elements taken at various time intervals from a single strain of Histoplasma capsulatum have shown the direct conversion of microconidia to yeast cells by polar and nonpolar budding, the formation of yeast cells by budding of hyphal cells, and the probable conversion of hyphal cells to yeast phase by monilial chain formation. In addition, studies of fixed-slide preparations of a second strain have indicated the formation of stalked yeast cells arising in a manner similar to that observed for microconidia formation but, apparently, by-passing the microconidial stage. These observations are discussed briefly in regard to temperature-induced changes in cell-wall synthesis during conversion.
Short term residential load data: measurement and analysis

This paper describes the results of a measurement program that documents the short-term load effects found in typical residential loads. The study shows that residential load, when considered over 20 cycle data windows, the residential load exhibits a large number of rapid load changes. These rapid changes are hidden when the more typical one minute or 15 minute load data are considered. Knowledge of these rapid load changes are important for the development of distributed generation technologies which are currently under development.
Genetic and biochemical studies of a mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase, nmt72pLeu99-->Pro, that produces temperature-sensitive myristic acid auxotrophy.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt1p) is an essential enzyme that transfers myristate from CoA to the amino-terminal glycine residue of at least 12 cellular proteins. Its reaction mechanism is Ordered Bi Bi with myristoyl-CoA binding occurring before binding of nascent polypeptides and release of CoA preceding release of the myristoylprotein product. nmt1-72 is a temperature-sensitive allele, identified by Stone et al. (Stone, D. E., Cole, G. M., Lopes, M. B., Goebl, M., and Reed, S. I. (1991) Genes & Dev. 5, 1969-1981) that causes arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle due to reduced acylation of Gpa1p. We have recovered this mutant allele and determined that it contains a single point mutation resulting in a Leu99 (CTA) to Pro (CCA) substitution. Addition of > or = 500 microM myristate but not palmitate to synthetic or rich media rescues the growth arrest caused by nmt1-72 at 37-39 degrees C, consistent with the observation that purified nmt72p has reduced affinity for myristoyl-CoA and that exogenous myristate but not palmitate increases cellular myristoyl-CoA pools. Metabolic labeling studies in S. cerevisiae and co-expression of nmt72p with several protein substrates of Nmt1p in Escherichia coli indicate that the Leu99-->Pro substitution causes a reduction in the acylation of some but not all protein substrates. Since formation of a myristoyl-CoA.Nmt1p complex appears to be required for synthesis/formation of a peptide binding site, these defects in acylation appear to arise either because Leu99 is a component of the enzyme's functionally distinguishable myristoyl-CoA and peptide recognition sites or because Pro99 alters the interaction between myristoyl-CoA and enzyme in a way that precludes formation of a normal peptide binding site. The reduction in affinity for myristoyl-CoA produced by Leu99-->Pro in nmt72p is less than that produced by the Gly451-->Asp mutation in nmt181p, which also produces temperature-sensitive myristic acid auxotrophy. Isogenic, haploid strains containing NMT1, nmt1-72, and nmt1-181 do not manifest any obvious differences in steady state levels of the acyltransferases during growth at permissive temperatures or in the biosynthesis of long chain saturated acyl-CoAs. The spectrum of cellular N-myristoylproteins whose level of acylation is affected by nmt1-72 and nmt1-181 is distinct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Use of occipital bone graft in pediatric posterior cervical fusion: an alternative paramedian technique and review of the literature

An alternative method of bone grafting for pediatric posterior cervical and occipitocervical fixation is presented in detail. Full-thickness autografts from small craniectomies of the occipital bone are used to augment posterior segmental fusion in pediatric patients. Twelve patients have been treated successfully without bone graft donor site complications. The technical differences from previously reported uses of calvarial autograft in spine fusion are reviewed.
Amorphous semiconductors in photovoltaic and solar thermal conversion

ABSTRACT “I am Vishnu: I am the radiant Sun among the light-givers.” (Bhagavad-Gita) Amorphous semiconductor materials promise to play an important role in solar energy conversion. For photovoltaic applications, acceptable efficiencies η in large-area Schottky cells may be possible if hole transport in a-Si can be improved. Indeed, in very small-area cells (~ 1 mm2) reasonable upper limits η ~ 6% have been reported in the literature. For solar thermal applications, studies on Si1–XBX alloys point toward the realization of solar coatings that are stable at high temperatures, and that satisfy the dual requirement of high solar absorptance aS and low infrared emittance l.
Music preferences of mechanically ventilated patients participating in a randomized controlled trial.

Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving measure and supportive modality utilized to treat patients experiencing respiratory failure. Patients experience pain, discomfort, and anxiety as a result of being mechanically ventilated. Music listening is a nonpharmacological intervention used to manage these psychophysiological symptoms associated with mechanical ventilation. The purpose of this analysis is to examine music preferences of 107 MV patients enrolled in a randomized clinical trial that implemented a patient-directed music listening protocol to help manage the psychophysiological symptom of anxiety. 1 Music data presented heretofore includes the music genres and instrumentation patients identified as their preferred music. Genres preferred include: classical, jazz, rock, country, and oldies. Instrumentation preferred include: piano, voice, guitar, music with nature sounds, and orchestral music. The analysis of three patients’ preferred music received throughout the course of the study is illustrated to demonstrate the details and complexity involved in assessing MV patients, which substantiates the need for an ongoing assessment process.
Absorption of Molecular Forms of Dietary Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Their Potential to Provide DHA to the Brain

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of dietary DHA in the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine (PC) results in greater incorporation of absorbed DHA into the phospholipids of plasma lipoproteins, compared to its presence in triacylglycerol (TG) or in the sn-2 position of PC, because of the positional specificities of the pancreatic enzymes. Micelle containing the DHA either in lyso PC (LPC) form (surrogate for the dietary sn-1 DHA PC) or as free fatty acid (surrogate for dietary DHA TG and sn-2 DHA PC) were infused intraduodenally into lymph fistula rats, and the concentration of DHA in PC and TG of lymph chylomicrons and HDL was determined by GC and LC/MS. The total amount of DHA absorbed was comparable with the two preparations. However the ratio of DHA in PC/TG in lymph was much higher (0.4) after LPC-DHA infusion, compared to free DHA infusion (0.1). Also, more DHA appeared in HDL fraction of lymph after LPC-DHA infusion, and more of the HDL DHA was in PC than in TG. Similar resu...