cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary Carnitine Did Not Influence Performance and Carcass Composition of Broiler Chickens and Young Turkeys Fed Low- or High-Fat Diets

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of supplemental dietary carnitine on performance and carcass composition of young turkeys and broiler chickens. Experiments 1 and 2 were done with poults to 21 d of age and broilers to 45 d of age, respectively. Three dietary concentrations of L-carnitine (0, 50, or 100 mg/kg) were fed in a factorial arrangement with two concentrations of animal-vegetable fat (A-V fat), 2.25 or 8% in Experiment 1 and 1 or 5% in Experiment 2. L-Carnitine did not affect (P > .05) BW gain or feed efficiency in either experiment, irrespective of concentration of dietary fat. Similarly, proximate composition of 21-d-old poults and 45-d-old broilers was not changed by L-carnitine. Increasing levels of fat supplementation improved feed efficiency of poults and improved 45-d BW and feed efficiency of broilers. Carcass fat of poults and broilers was increased (P ≤ .05) by supplemental fat at the expense of carcass water and protein.
Characterizing when R[X] is integrally closed, II

Abstract For an integrally closed reduced ring R it is not always the case that the polynomial ring R [ X ] is integrally closed. In this paper, the question of when R [ X ] is integrally closed is shown to be related to when R is integrally closed in the ring of finite fractions of R , ο . In the main theorem it is shown that if R' is the integral closure of R in ο , then R' [ X ] is the integral closure of R [ X ] in T ( R [ X ]), the total quotient ring of R [ X ]. This result is then used to characterize when R [ X ] satisfies any of the weaker integrality properties of being n -root closed, root closed, or seminormal.
Glancing incidence EUV telescopes - Analysis and comparison

Steps in the derivation of generalized surface equations describing either a Wolter or Wolter-Schwarzschild type II extreme ultraviolet telescope are outlined. These surface equations are incorporated in an optical design program where first-order design parameters are varied to produce a number of different series of type II telescopes. These series are then ray traced to compare and analyze the geometric image quality for different designs in terms of minimum rms angular blur and field curvature. Results of an analysis illustrating the dependence of effective area on first-order design parameters are also presented. The differences and similarities between equivalent Wolter and Wolter-Schwarzschild designs are discussed.
The ability of green tea to alleviate autoimmune diseases: fact or fiction?

Autoimmune diseases are a major health threat affecting 3–8% of the population in the industrialized world. While the etiology of autoimmune diseases is unclear, genetic, infectious and environmental factors are implicated. Nutrition is viewed as a modifiable environmental factor to potentially prevent and/or alleviate autoimmune diseases. Green tea consumption is suggested to have many health benefits, probably owing to its high content of polyphenols, known as catechins, among which epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and biologically active. A limited number of animal studies have demonstrated that green tea/EGCG can, to a varied degree, improve autoimmune diseases. These diseases include, ranking in order of the available information in literature, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Sjogren’s syndrome and Type 1 diabetes (T1D; sharing the same animal model) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, murine model for human multiple sclerosis [MS]). Employing collagen- or adjuvant-induced arthritis rodent models, investigators have observed that administering green tea polyphenols (GTP, mainly EGCG) or EGCG alleviates the disease as demonstrated by reduced disease incidence, severity, pathology, serum autoantibody levels, and production or gene expression of relevant inflammation mediators/markers
Design and performance modeling of component interconnection patterns for distributed software architectures

The ability to estimate the future performance of a large and complex distributed software system at design time, and iteratively refine these estimates at development time, can significantly reduce overall software cost and risk. This paper investigates component interconnection in client/server systems, in particular the design and performance modeling of component interconnection patterns, which define and encapsulate the way client and server components communicate with each other. We start with UML design models of the component interconnection patterns. These designs are performance annotated using an XML-type notation. The performance-annotated UML design model is mapped to a performance model, which allows us to analyze the performance of the software architecture executing on various system configurations.
Practical Aspects of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitors The Experience of the Yale Children's Diabetes Program

Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) provides new dimension to diabetes management. However, there are many challenges to using RT-CGM successfully. This article aims to present how RT-CGM is integrated into diabetes clinical practice at the Yale Children's Diabetes Program (YCDP). The authors provide factors to consider when choosing one of the commercially available RT-CGM systems and a discussion of key strategies for successful use of RT-CGM for families. Careful training and troubleshooting strategies will ensure the most positive experience possible for a family using RT-CGM.
Roles of autocrine TGF-beta receptor and Smad signaling in adipocyte differentiation.

TGF-β inhibits adipocyte differentiation, yet is expressed by adipocytes. The function of TGF-β in adipogenesis, and its mechanism of action, is unknown. To address the role of TGF-β signaling in adipocyte differentiation, we characterized the expression of the TGF-β receptors, and the Smads which transmit or inhibit TGF-β signals, during adipogenesis in 3T3-F442A cells. We found that the cell-surface availability of TGF-β receptors strongly decreased as adipogenesis proceeds. Whereas mRNA levels for Smads 2, 3, and 4 were unchanged during differentiation, mRNA levels for Smads 6 and 7, which are known to inhibit TGF-β responses, decreased severely. Dominant negative interference with TGF-β receptor signaling, by stably expressing a truncated type II TGF-β receptor, enhanced differentiation and decreased growth. Stable overexpression of Smad2 or Smad3 inhibited differentiation and dominant negative inhibition of Smad3 function, but not Smad2 function, enhanced adipogenesis. Increased Smad6 and Smad7 levels blocked differentiation and enhanced TGF-β–induced responses. The inhibitory effect of Smad7 on adipocyte differentiation and its cooperation with TGF-β was associated with the C-domain of Smad7. Our results indicate that endogenous TGF-β signaling regulates the rate of adipogenesis, and that Smad2 and Smad3 have distinct functions in this endogenous control of differentiation. Smad6 and Smad7 act as negative regulators of adipogenesis and, even though known to inhibit TGF-β responses, enhance the effects of TGF-β on these cells.
Nitrogen budget for fescue pastures fertilized with broiler litter in major land resource areas of the southeastern US

The southeast US produces a tremendous number of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus), which in turn produce massive quantities of litter (manure and bedding materials). In the Southeast, litter is most often disposed of via land application to pastures, however, the ultimate fate of much of the applied nitrogen (N) is not known. We have constructed N budgets for three sites across the southeastern U.S. in an effort to determine how much of the applied N is useful for plant production and how much is left to be absorbed by the environment. Study sites were located in the Coastal Plain (Alabama), Piedmont (Georgia), and Cumberland Plateau (Tennessee) Major Land Resource Areas (MLRA) of the southeastern US. Litter was applied in the Spring of two consecutive years at a rate to supply 70 kg of available N ha−1. The total amount of N applied ranged from 103 to 252 kg N ha−1 depending on site and year. Nitrogen fluxes monitored in this study were broiler litter N, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, denitrification, plant uptake, and leaching. Plant uptake represented the largest flux of applied N, averaging 43% of applied N. Losses due to NH3 volatilization and denitrification combined were only 6% of applied N on average. Loss of N due to NO3-N leaching appeared to be significant only at the Coastal Plain site where NO3-N concentrations in the groundwater peaked at 38 mg N l−1. We believe the majority of excess N shown in these budgets is likely accounted for by leaching losses and soil accumulation. Regardless of these assumptions and low gaseous losses, it is apparent that on average, 57% of applied N is destined for a fate other than plant uptake. The results of this study indicate that land-application of broiler litter at currently recommended rates has the potential for negative impacts on the environment of the southeastern U.S. in the long-term.
Multichannel adaptive least squares-relating the 'Kalman' recursive least squares (RLS) and least squares lattice (LSL) adaptive algorithms

A multichannel adaptive lattice algorithm is derived that provides a least-squares estimate of a primary signal in terms of the last p samples of m reference signals. The recursions developed are optimized for multichannel use and provide an algorithm with computational complexity O(pm/sup 2/). In the single reference channel case (m=1), the algorithm simplifies to the O(p) least-squares lattice (LSL) algorithm. In the single filter tap case (p=1), the algorithm simplifies to the O(m/sup 2/) 'Kalman' recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm. Hence, the general multichannel least-squares lattice (MLSL) presented provides an explicit relationship between, and common derivation of, both the LSL and RLS algorithms. >
Decontamination of nitrate polluted water

Abstract Nitrate can be extracted from water at any pH below 10 by a water-insoluble quaternary ammonium 2, 4, 6-tri-methylphenate or N-benzyl-H-methylbenzenesulfonamidate dissolved in trioctylphosphate (TOP). Membranes were prepared by taking up TOP solutions of the quaternary ammonium bases in porous polypropylene (CelgardR-2400). These membranes were used in a modified dialysis cell to transfer N03 − from near-neutral water to stripping solutions of pH, 12–14. Specific rate constants, k, in excess of 10−4 cm s−1 were observed for nitrate removal under a wide variety of loading and stripping conditions. This is sufficient to project a practical device for the decontamination of nitrate-polluted water. When the hydrodynamic resistances in both the feed and the strip are removed by pumping these solutions through static mixers adjacent to the membrane, K is reduced by making the stripping solution less basic or by increasing its nitrate concentration. These observations suggest that the disassembly of the...
Operational Experience with SLAC's Beam Containment Electronics

Considerable operating experience has been accumulated at SLAC with an extensive electronic system for the containment of high power accelerated beams. Average beam power at SLAC can approach 900 kilowatts with the potential for burning through beam stoppers, protection collimators, and other power absorbers within a few seconds. Fast, reliable, and redundant electronic monitoring circuits have been employed to provide some of the safeguards necessary for minimizing the risk to personnel. This paper describes the electronic systems and discusses the design philosophy and operating experience.
Incorporating cores into system-level specification

We describe an approach for incorporating cores into a system-level specification. The goal is to allow a designer to specify both custom behavior and pre-designed cores at the earliest design stages, and to refine both into implementations in a unified manner. The approach is based on experience with an actual application of a GPS-based navigation system. We use an object oriented language for specification, representing each core as an object. We define three specification levels, and we evaluate the appropriateness of existing inter-object communication methods for cores. The approach forms the specification basis for the Dalton project.
Improving Electrical Ground Support Equipment development for satellite testing

This paper examines the basic test method employed with Electrical Ground Support Equipment; evaluates the technical merits associated with enhanced capabilities and compares the relative cost of these enhancements. In addition, the paper explores the pros and cons of replacing current manual operations with integrating automated test methods. This study is not intended to be a precise cost analysis but is intended to provide a comparison of technical enhancements along with a basic measure of cost. This paper will provide some practical examples to support the premise that automated test methods give rise to a more thoroughly tested spacecraft, reduced test times and potential cost savings.
Neurobehavioral Outcomes of Cardiac Surgery

Since the inception of cardiac surgery, postoperative neurobehavioral complaints have prompted intensive studies of neurologic and cognitive outcomes. There is now a wealth of information on the incidence of stroke, delirium, depression, and cognitive outcomes after car diac procedures. Stroke risk models have been devel oped to identify patients at high risk. Delirium, although much less objectively studied, still occurs frequently in the immediate postoperative period, but its relationship to long-term cognitive outcome has not been resolved. Postoperative depression may not be as common as was previously thought, and may be related to mood status before surgery. Cognitive decline may be short- term for some aspects of brain function, but more prolonged or delayed in others. Despite these extensive studies, it is not clear whether some of these outcomes are related to the surgical procedure itself, rather than the use of general anesthesia in an older population of patients with extensive atheroscleroti...
Inducible Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota

To maintain intestinal health, the immune system must faithfully respond to antigens from pathogenic microbes while limiting reactions to self-molecules. The gastrointestinal tract represents a unique challenge to the immune system, as it is permanently colonized by a diverse amalgam of bacterial phylotypes producing multitudes of foreign microbial products. Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that inflammatory bowel disease results from uncontrolled inflammation to the intestinal microbiota. However, molecular mechanisms that actively promote mucosal tolerance to the microbiota remain unknown. We report herein that a prominent human commensal, Bacteroides fragilis, directs the development of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with a unique “inducible” genetic signature. Monocolonization of germ-free animals with B. fragilis increases the suppressive capacity of Tregs and induces anti-inflammatory cytokine production exclusively from Foxp3+ T cells in the gut. We show that the immunomodulatory molecule, polysaccharide A (PSA), of B. fragilis mediates the conversion of CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+ Treg cells that produce IL-10 during commensal colonization. Functional Foxp3+ Treg cells are also produced by PSA during intestinal inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling is required for both Treg induction and IL-10 expression. Most significantly, we show that PSA is not only able to prevent, but also cure experimental colitis in animals. Our results therefore demonstrate that B. fragilis co-opts the Treg lineage differentiation pathway in the gut to actively induce mucosal tolerance.
Cytologie der Bakterien

Das Auflosungsvermogen eines Lichtmikroskopes betragt unter idealen Bedingungen etwa die Halfte der Wellenlange des benutzten Lichtes. Das Auflosungsvermogen ist gegeben durch den Abstand, den zwei punktformige Lichtquellen besitzen mussen, um als zwei getrennte Bilder erkannt zu werden. Mit gelbem Licht einer Wellenlange von 0,4 tm ist der kleinste trennbare Durchmesser somit 0,2 µm. Als forderliche Vergroserung eines Mikroskopes bezeichnet man diejenige Vergroserung, die die kleinsten noch aufzulosenden Partikel sichtbar macht. Die in der Bakteriologie im allgemeinen verwendeten Mikroskope besitzen eine 100fach vergrosernde Objektivlinse und eine 10fach vergrosernde Ocularlinse, somit vergrosern sie das Objekt 1000fach. Partikel mit einem Durchmesser von 0,2 µm werden hiermit auf etwa 0,2 mm vergrosert und damit eindeutig sichtbar. Eine starkere Vergroserung wurde keine weitere Auflosung von Details bringen, sondern lediglich das ubersehbare Gebiet (Feld) einschranken.
The zero-voltage-switching parallel-resonant DC link (PRDCL) inverter with minimized conduction loss

This work presents a parallel-resonant DC link (PRDCL) circuit for soft switching main power devices with a single auxiliary power device for low conduction loss in single or three-phase inverter and converter applications. The proposed resonant network with one auxiliary power device is activated whenever it is needed to change the status of power devices connected to a DC link. The proposed resonant network is designed to force the DC link voltage to drop to zero before any power devices in the DC link are turned on. The auxiliary switch in the proposed resonant network is also turned on in a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition. Therefore, the switching losses caused in all power devices in a full-bridge converter and resonant circuit can be effectively eliminated. In addition, there is no conduction loss in the auxiliary power device because the resonant circuit is not activated if there is no status change in the power devices connected in the DC link. Furthermore, the resonant swing voltage in the DC link is well restricted within a predefined voltage level so that the required voltage rating of all power devices in the DC link is nicely constrained. The detailed modes of operation and experimental results are provided to verify the operation.
Links between through-bond interactions and assembly structure in simple piperidones

3,5-Disubstituted piperidones provide an opportunity to explore donor–acceptor through-bond interactions in the context of molecular and supramolecular structure. The crystal structure of cis-3,5-dibenzyl-1-phenylpiperidin-4-one 3 is disordered and the lattice accommodates a ∼3 : 1 ratio of the N-Ph equatorial (3-eq) and N-Ph axial (3-ax) epimers, based on refined values of occupancy factors. The fortuitous result allows a side-by-side comparison of the two configurations with respect to their donor–acceptor through-bond interactions. The energy difference between 3-ax and 3-eq (ΔEax–eq) has been evaluated in the gas phase using extensive first principles calculations, and for many levels of theory this difference parallels the experimentally-observed configurational ratio in the solid state (where the epimers share nearly identical packing environments). The calculations further show a difference in the through-bond stabilization for 3-ax and 3-eq, with larger contributions for 3-ax. Natural bond order (NBO) analysis quantifies the delocalization of the donor nitrogen lone pair into the adjacent carbon–carbon bonds and carbonyl acceptor for the 3-axepimer. The work concludes that molecular-level structural perturbations that arise from or otherwise influence through-bond donor–acceptor interactions have consequences on solid-state and supramolecular assembly structure.
A stochastic convolution/superposition method with isocenter sampling to evaluate intrafraction motion effects in IMRT

Current methods to calculate dose distributions with organ motion can be broadly classified as 'dose convolution' and 'fluence convolution' methods. In the former, a static dose distribution is convolved with the probability distribution function (PDF) that characterizes the motion. However, artifacts are produced near the surface and around inhomogeneities because the method assumes shift invariance. Fluence convolution avoids these artifacts by convolving the PDF with the incident fluence instead of the patient dose. In this paper we present an alternative method that improves the accuracy, generality as well as the speed of dose calculation with organ motion. The algorithm starts by sampling an isocenter point from a parametrically defined space curve corresponding to the patient-specific motion trajectory. Then a photon is sampled in the linac head and propagated through the three-dimensional (3-D) collimator structure corresponding to a particular MLC segment chosen randomly from the planned IMRT leaf sequence. The photon is then made to interact at a point in the CT-based simulation phantom. Randomly sampled monoenergetic kernel rays issued from this point are then made to deposit energy in the voxels. Our method explicitly accounts for MLC-specific effects (spectral hardening, tongue-and-groove, head scatter) as well as changes in SSD withmore » isocentric displacement, assuming that the body moves rigidly with the isocenter. Since the positions are randomly sampled from a continuum, there is no motion discretization, and the computation takes no more time than a static calculation. To validate our method, we obtained ten separate film measurements of an IMRT plan delivered on a phantom moving sinusoidally, with each fraction starting with a random phase. For 2 cm motion amplitude, we found that a ten-fraction average of the film measurements gave an agreement with the calculated infinite fraction average to within 2 mm in the isodose curves. The results also corroborate the existing notion that the interfraction dose variability due to the interplay between the MLC motion and breathing motion averages out over typical multifraction treatments. Simulation with motion waveforms more representative of real breathing indicate that the motion can produce penumbral spreading asymmetric about the static dose distributions. Such calculations can help a clinician decide to use, for example, a larger margin in the superior direction than in the inferior direction. In the paper we demonstrate that a 15 min run on a single CPU can readily illustrate the effect of a patient-specific breathing waveform, and can guide the physician in making informed decisions about margin expansion and dose escalation.« less
Hermies-III: A step toward autonomous mobility, manipulation and perception

HERMIES-III is an autonomous robot comprised of a seven degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator designed for human scale tasks, a laser range finder, a sonar array, an omnidirectional wheel-driven chassis, multiple cameras, and a dual computer system containing a 16-node hypercube expandable to 128 nodes. The current experimental program involves performance of human-scale tasks (e.g., valve manipulation, use of tools), integration of a dexterous manipulator and platform motion in geometrically complex environments, and effective use of multiple cooperating robots (HERMIES-IIB and HERMIES-III). The environment in which the robots operate has been designed to include multiple valves, pipes, meters, obstacles on the floor, valves occluded from view, and multiple paths of differing navigation complexity. The ongoing research program supports the development of autonomous capability for HERMIES-IIB and III to perform complex navigation and manipulation under time constraints, while dealing with imprecise sensory information.
Charting the Future of Journalism Education at HBCUs: Finding a Place for Multimedia in the Curricula

The author surveyed 240 journalism educators and department chairs at 51 Historically Black Colleges and Universities to learn how they were coping with possible changes in journalism curricula as a result of the growing popularity of multimedia journalism. Out of the 93 who completed the survey, 97% agreed that all students in a journalism program should be required to take multimedia courses. But they disagreed over who should take the lead for making changes in the curricula. Other obstacles included (a) lack of faculty training in multimedia techniques, and (b) lack of financial resources to buy and maintain the equipment needed to teach multimedia. The study also compares obstacles HBCUs face in adding multimedia to the curricula to studies that examined the stumbling blocks predominately white colleges and universities (PWCUs) have faced in adding multimedia to their journalism curricula.
A Gap Between Ambition and Effectiveness - A Response to John Clark's 'Civil Society in the Age of Crisis'

John Clark explains in his essay that the crisis of civil society today is driven by a number of external causes, including the recent financial crisis and the re-assertion of state power, but their negative consequences are amplified by an inability of activists to articulate appropriate solutions to global problems. We argue here, primarily from the perspective of US-based transnational non-governmental organizations (NGOs), that Clark describes mostly symptoms of two larger, structural developments driving the civil society sector over the past two decades. First, the fragmentation of civil society did not start with the three crises, but has been an endemic problem for some time, resulting from the equally splintered funding structures and growing competition.Second, we argue that the lack of solutions provided by civil society actors has to be understood in the context of increasingly ambitious goals of CSOs which have moved beyond limited strategies such as letter-writing campaigns or ‘aid as charity’ to address in a more holistic way complex problems such as global poverty, the global food crisis, or climate change.
Executive Summary of Cal Poly/NASA Extreme Short Takeoff and Landing (ESTOL) Work

As part of an ongoing relationship with NASA Ames Research Center, a team of Cal Poly aerospace engineering students has continued to analyze the viability of expanding current national air transportation to include Extreme Short Takeoff and Landing (ESTOL) vehicles. NASA Ames Research Center coined the Cal Poly team, Students With ATtitude (SWAT), as they were impressed with the team's ability to tackle challenging problems at a moments notice. Specific areas of analysis address extreme high lift generation, noise considerations, Simultaneous Non-Interfering (SNI) approach flight simulation, passenger ride quality, and airport operational and ground geometry considerations. In each area of analysis, the primary focus was to develop analytical methodologies that could be incorporated into modular tools for use in the assessment of new innovative ESTOL concepts. With regard to vehicle design, a standard British Aerospace 146-200 was selected as the official ESTOL baseline configuration in 2003. Several envelope-pushing vehicle concepts have been proposed by Cal Poly as viable solutions to the ESTOL SNI concept including the Model 114/EBF featuring a scaled-down C-17 wing, BAe 146-200 fuselage and empennage, and externally blown flaps (EBF); the Model 114/CCW featuring the aforementioned but with twin engines and a circulation control wing instead of EBF; and EMAX featuring a forward swept wing, distributed propulsion, and thrust vectoring. This paper represents an executive summary of the detailed technical work performed by the Cal Poly SWAT Team from 2000 to the present.
Optimal heat transport solutions for Rayleigh–Bénard convection

Steady flows that optimize heat transport are obtained for two-dimensional Rayleigh–Benard convection with no-slip horizontal walls for a variety of Prandtl numbers and Rayleigh number up to . Power-law scalings of are observed with , where the Nusselt number is a non-dimensional measure of the vertical heat transport. Any dependence of the scaling exponent on is found to be extremely weak. On the other hand, the presence of two local maxima of with different horizontal wavenumbers at the same leads to the emergence of two different flow structures as candidates for optimizing the heat transport. For , optimal transport is achieved at the smaller maximal wavenumber. In these fluids, the optimal structure is a plume of warm rising fluid, which spawns left/right horizontal arms near the top of the channel, leading to downdraughts adjacent to the central updraught. For at high enough , the optimal structure is a single updraught lacking significant horizontal structure, and characterized by the larger maximal wavenumber.
Microestimation of Fibrinogen with a Semimicro Modification Applicable to Icteric Plasma

The sulfite precipitation technic for fibrinogen has been modified to assay micro-volumes of plasma and eliminate interference from bilirubin. The precipitated fibrinogen is dissolved in urea and reacted with a modified biuret reagent. The resulting biuret complex may be read at 320 or 540 mµ. Bilirubin interference is eliminated by an oxidation step employing NaOCl and citric acid. The values obtained by the modified technics compare favorably with each other and with the macroprocedure.
Evolution in the Treatment of Delayed Postpancreatectomy Hemorrhage: Surgery to Interventional Radiology.

Objectives We summarized a single center's evolution in the management of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) from surgical toward endovascular management. Methods Between 2003 and 2013, 337 patients underwent Whipple procedures. Using the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) consensus definition, patients with PPH were identified and retrospectively analyzed for the presentation of hemorrhage, type of intervention, and 90-day mortality outcome measures. Results Management evolved from operative intervention alone, to combined operative and on-table angiographic intervention, to endovascular intervention alone. The prevalence of PPH was 3.0%. Delayed PPH occurred with a mean of 13.8 days. On angiography, visceral arteries affected were the gastroduodenal artery, hepatic artery, jejunal branches of the superior mesenteric artery, pancreaticoduodenal artery, and inferior phrenic artery. Ninety-day mortality for PPH was 20%. From early to recent experience, the mortality rate was 100% for operative intervention alone, 25% for combined operative and on-table angiographic intervention, and 0% for endovascular intervention alone. Conclusions Our 10-year experience supports current algorithms in the management of PPH. Key considerations include the recognition of the sentinel bleed, the presence of a pancreatic fistula, and the initial operative role of a long gastroduodenal artery stump with radiopaque marker for safe and effective embolization should PPH occur.
Solvent-Induced Frequency Shifts of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Deduced via Infrared Spectroscopy and ab Initio Calculations

Solvent-induced frequency shifts (SIFS) of the carbonyl stretching vibration ν(C═O) of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were measured in protic, polar aprotic, and nonpolar solvents. The Gutmann acceptor number (AN) was found to correlate with the measured frequency shifts. The SIFS in six solvents were investigated using ab initio electronic structure calculations, treating the solvent implicitly and with an explicit solvent ligand interacting with the carbonyl. The conductor-polarizable continuum model (CPCM) of solvation predicted that ν(C═O) shifted according with the dielectric constant as (e – 1)/(2e + 1), in agreement with the analytical predictions of the Kirkwood–Bauer–Magat (KBM) theory for a dipole in a dielectric continuum, but in disagreement with the experimental trend. The experimental SIFS were best predicted using gas-phase complexes of HMF and explicit solvent–ligand. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and Bader’s atoms in molecules theory were used to investigate the electronic structure of the...
Queen Developmental Time as a Factor in the Africanization of European Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Populations

The development times of daughter queens from African and European matrilines mated to both African and European drones were recorded. Regardless of the matriline, African patriline queens completed their development and emerged 8–12 h before those with European paternity. A probability distribution function derived from the emergence time data indicated that because of differences in development times between patrilines, the probability that an African patriline queen will emerge 1st can be 2–3 times greater than the proportion of the African patrilines in the colony population. Because the 1st queen to emerge has the best chance of becoming the colony's new queen, differences in queen development times between Africanand European patrilines might be a factor contributing to the asymmetrical gene flow between African and European honey bee, Apis mellifera L., populations, and the eventual loss of European nuclear markers and behavioral attributes in European honey bee populations where African bees have migrated.
Identity in political context: lesbian/gay representation in the public sphere.

Abstract Discourses constructed to represent lesbians and gay men in the public sphere generate an essentialist identity which is both necessary and damaging. Legislative debate illustrates the production of a constrictive and homogeneous identity rejected by many gay/lesbian scholars and activists. Discussion of the rhetorical power of identity claims has produced alternative stances toward variant sexuality. This discussion can be advanced by challenging dominant constructions of civil rights and the public Sphere.
Aftereffects of low intensity UHF radiation

Thirty naive male albino rats were used as Ss in an experiment designed to determine possible behavioral aftereffects of UHF radiation. Fifteen experimental Ss were exposed to UHF of low frequency (500 MHz) and low intensity (.43-. 15 mW) for 38 consecutive days. For Days 39–55, UHF was not presented to experimental Ss. UHF rats were less active than nonUHF rats and continued to be less active for a short period of time after UHF termination.
Modernity and Technical Rational Criticism on Existential Domain

The Existential ways and conditions of people in different age reflect the characteristics of times.Modernity as the overall features of modern society displays the same living conditions and situations.Technical rational criticism in terms of the survival crisis is undoubtedly the root causes.This fully demonstrates the Symbiotic to modernity.In other words,all kinds of modern dilemma of human existence have a direct correlation with modern technology rational criticism.In a sense,technology rational criticism has been widely infiltrated into highly developed industrialized,capitalist system,cultural dimensions,and so on.From the domain of the Existentialism to examine and torture,all various crises in today are the inevitable results caused by the dominant factors in modernity,in the title of the technology rational criticism which has been praised highly.
A Comparison of Clinical Course with Blood Group Antigen Testing by Specific Red Cell Adherence and Immunoperoxidase in Ureteral and Renal Pelvic Tumors

AbstractSpecimens of transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter and renal pelvis from 20 patients were tested for blood group antigenicity using immunoperoxidase and specific reel cell adherence methods. The results of antigen testing were correlated with tumor stage and grade as well as the subsequent clinical course of the patients. The specific red cell adherence test was negative in 80 per cent and the immunoperoxidase test was negative in 40 per cent of all tumors. Of the 4 patients with positive specific red cell adherence tests 3 had high grade (II to III), invasive tumors as did 7 of 12 with tumors that were positive by immunoperoxidase testing. Blood group antigen testing did not prove helpful in predicting the clinical course of our patients. In addition, a careful review of previously published data does not support the conclusion that blood group antigen testing is a valuable predictor of upper tract tumor aggressiveness.
Kalman filter-based INS monitor to detect GNSS spoofers capable of tracking aircraft position

In this work, we propose an innovation-based INS spoofing monitor that utilizes a tightly-coupled INS-GNSS integration in a Kalman filter. The performance of the monitor is evaluated when a spoofer tracks and estimates the aircraft position. To create the worst case spoofing conditions, we analytically derive a Kalman filter-based worst-case sequence of spoofed GNSS measurements. Utilizing this worst-case spoofing attack scenario during a Boeing 747 (B747) final approach, we prove that unless the spoofer's position-tracking devices have unrealistic accuracy and no-delay, the proposed INS monitor performance is highly effective in detecting spoofing attacks.
Continuous Venous Access in Children with Urological Diseases

AbstractThe placement of multipurpose silicone right atrial catheters for continuous venous access in children with complex urological diseases has become increasingly necessary. Between September 1985 and September 1987, 26 children with a variety of urological diseases required long-term central venous access, primarily for delivery of chemotherapy and blood products in 13 patients with malignancies, hemodialysis access in 7 undergoing renal transplantation, total parenteral nutrition in 5 (2 of whom were born with cloacal exstrophy), and fluid and antibiotic administration in 1 with dermatomyositis and acute pyelonephritis. Patient age at catheter placement ranged from 1 day to 15 years. A total of 11 complications was encountered during 4,500 catheter days: 10 were mechanical and 1 was infectious in nature. These complications led to replacement of the catheter in 3 patients and the remainder were managed successfully nonoperatively.The surgical techniques involved in placement of these catheters are ...
Acute Respiratory Distress

Better filtration of banked blood, good general pulmonary care, and precautions against aspiration are noted as important preventive measures. Prevention and treatment of sepsis, both pulmonary and nonpulmonary, are major factors. Indiscriminate and prolonged use of broad spectrum antibiotics as “prophylaxis” may only add to the problem with superinfection by resistant organisms.
Targeting the Ca2+ Sensor STIM1 by Exosomal Transfer of Ebv-miR-BART13-3p is Associated with Sjögren's Syndrome

Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that is associated with inflammation and dysfunction of salivary and lacrimal glands. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying this exocrinopathy is not known, although the syndrome has been associated with viruses, such as the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). We report herein that an EBV-specific microRNA (ebv-miR-BART13-3p) is significantly elevated in salivary glands (SGs) of pSS patients and we show that it targets stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1), a primary regulator of the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) pathway that is essential for SG function, leading to loss of SOCE and Ca(2+)-dependent activation of NFAT. Although EBV typically infects B cells and not salivary epithelial cells, ebv-miR-BART13-3p is present in both cell types in pSS SGs. Importantly, we further demonstrate that ebv-miR-BART13-3p can be transferred from B cells to salivary epithelial cells through exosomes and it recapitulates its functional effects on calcium signaling in a model system.
Using a Multidimensional Pairwise Preference Measure of Personality to Predict Training Success of Air Traffic Control Specialists

Studies have shown that cognitive ability relates to success in training as an air traffic control specialist (ATCS). The relationship between measures of personality and success in ATCS training is less clear. An area of concern is that personality tests are susceptible to faking and that job applicants may respond in a socially desirable manner to increase their odds of being hired (Paulhus, 2002). Personality measures that use a multidimensional pairwise preference item format tend to be fake-resistant (Underhill, Bearden, & Chen, 2008), leading to renewed interest in the use of personality assessments in personnel hiring. We report an initial assessment of one such measure, the Tailored Adaptive Personality Assessment System-Federal Aviation Administration for predicting success of ATCS trainees in Academy training. We found personality facets to account for an additional three to four percent of the variance in training success of individuals over a measure of cognitive ability.
3D printing of thermoplastics with higher strength using SWIR-supercontinuum laser

Hydrocarbon based thermoplastics used in 3D printing can be sintered using a supercontinuum laser operating between 2–2.5μm. We sinter 11 different materials and fabricate rods with strengths up to 5× of that from CO 2 lasers.
Domain wall fringe field coupled spin logic

A class of spin logic devices based on the spin-orbit induced spin-transfer torques requires magnetic coupling between electrically isolated ferromagnetic elements. Here we use micromagnetic modeling to study the magnetic coupling induced by fringe fields from chiral domain walls in perpendicularly magnetized nanowires. These domains can be displaced using spin-orbit torques from a proximal heavy metal layer. For a 16 nm width wire that is 1 nm thick, we find that spin-orbit torques induced domain wall propagation can reliably switch a proximal 16 nm diameter 1 nm thick nanomagnet. These results show a promising means of implementing spin logic with spin-orbit torques using elements with perpendicular magnetization, which does not require an applied magnetic field.
Abstract B46: Prostate cancer incidence and race in eight southeastern states

Background: Significant racial disparities in prostate cancer incidence have been noted. Poverty may be an important factor contributing to these disparities. Methods: State cancer registry data on prostate cancer incidence (143,829 cases) from Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and Alabama were geocoded to the Census tract and county level. The annualized, age-adjusted incidence rates for African Americans and whites were calculated and crude and smoothed maps of these rates were generated. Prostate cancer incidence was statistically modeled as a function of area-based measures of poverty, median household income, education, rural status, and percent of households headed by females. Results: At the Census tract level, poverty was associated with decreased prostate cancer incidence among whites and had no effect upon such incidence among African Americans. However, increased median household income was associated with increased prostate cancer incidence for both populations, as was increased levels of higher education. An increased proportion of the population with lower educational levels was associated with decreased prostate cancer incidence rates for African Americans but showed no effect upon rates among whites. Rural status decreased the incidence rate among African Americans, whereas prostate cancer incidence increased among rural whites. For both African Americans and whites, prostate cancer incidence increased as the percentage of households headed by females increased. Statistical modeling at the county level resulted in findings that were contradictory to those at the Census tract level. However, he goodness of fit of the statistical models at the Census tract level were better than at the county level. Conclusion: Area-based measures of poverty do not explain the increased incidence of prostate cancer among African Americans. Other factors, such as dietary practices, may help explain the disparity in prostate cancer incidence between African Americans and whites.
Toward a Richer Theory of Feminist Pedagogy: A Comparison of “Liberation” and “Gender” Models for Teaching and Learning:

This essay articulates two distinct sources for the set of teaching practices that have come to be called “feminist pedagogy.” The separate contributions of liberation pedagogy and of feminist theo...
Secondary Intraocular Lenses by the Retinal Surgeon: from Sclerotomies to Sutures

In an eye without capsular support, there are several options for the ophthalmologic surgeon including anterior chamber IOLs (ACIOLs), iris-sutured IOLs, scleral-sutured posterior chamber IOLs (SSIOLs), and sutureless scleral-fixated posterior chamber IOLs (SFPCIOLs). This review aims to discuss the advent and advancement of each of these devices along with the newest techniques for the retinal surgeon to use when specifically placing SSIOLs and SFPCIOLs. Surgical comfort limits the use of newer SSIOLs and SFPCIOLs but they are equally successful in addressing aphakia in eyes without capsular support when compared to earlier ACIOLS and iris-sutured IOLs. Modern techniques have propelled the use of SSIOLs and SFPCIOLs especially amongst retinal specialists, but all lenses can be used effectively in the appropriate clinical situations.
Em busca de legitimidade: os estudiosos pentecostais norte-americanos e os dilemas da carreira acadêmica

No tempo presente, os estudiosos pentecostais estao comecando dar notaveis contribuicoes para os campos mais amplos da Teologia, Historia da Igreja e estudos biblicos. Embora muitos desses estudiosos ainda permanecam na periferia da academia americana, eles formam a espinha dorsal de uma subcultura intelectual florescente. Este artigo utiliza os metodos quantitativo e qualitativo para reunir dados sobre algumas das vozes mais formativas dessa subcultura. Argumenta-se que muitos desses individuos parecem ocupar um espaco intersticial repleto de apreensao e incerteza, onde cada um deve negociar como buscar maior legitimidade no bojo da comunidade academica sem, de alguma forma, perder parte da sua identidade pentecostal. O artigo conclui refletindo sobre o que o sociologo Peter Berger denominou como estruturas de plausibilidade - um quadro teorico que possa conduzir a alguns insights sobre o futuro da comunidade academica pentecostal nos Estados Unidos e alhures.
Plenoptic background oriented schlieren imaging

The combination of the background oriented schlieren (BOS) technique with the unique imaging capabilities of a plenoptic camera, termed plenoptic BOS, is introduced as a new addition to the family of schlieren techniques. Compared to conventional single camera BOS, plenoptic BOS is capable of sampling multiple lines-of-sight simultaneously. Displacements from each line-of-sight are collectively used to build a four-dimensional displacement field, which is a vector function structured similarly to the original light field captured in a raw plenoptic image. The displacement field is used to render focused BOS images, which qualitatively are narrow depth of field slices of the density gradient field. Unlike focused schlieren methods that require manually changing the focal plane during data collection, plenoptic BOS synthetically changes the focal plane position during post-processing, such that all focal planes are captured in a single snapshot. Through two different experiments, this work demonstrates that plenoptic BOS is capable of isolating narrow depth of field features, qualitatively inferring depth, and quantitatively estimating the location of disturbances in 3D space. Such results motivate future work to transition this single-camera technique towards quantitative reconstructions of 3D density fields.