cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Biology and Therapeutic Approaches

Although prostate cancer was not historically considered to be a particularly immune-responsive cancer, recent clinical trials have demonstrated that immunotherapy for prostate cancer can lead to improvements in overall survival (OS). These studies include randomized controlled trials with sipuleucel-T and another with PROSTVAC-VF, both of which rely on stimulating the immune system to target prostate proteins. This review discusses the most promising developments over the past year in immune-based therapy for prostate cancer and the opportunities that lie ahead. Recent randomized immunotherapy trials in prostate cancer have demonstrated improvements in OS but without the concomitant improvements in progression-free survival. This uncoupling of survival from clinical response poses challenges to clinical management, because conventional measures of objective response cannot be used to identify patients benefiting from treatment. There is a significant need to identify immunologic or clinical surrogates for survival so that clinical benefit can be assessed in a timely manner. Immunotherapy is now an established treatment approach for prostate cancer, with multiple clinical trials demonstrating improvements in OS. Significant challenges to this modality remain, including determining best clinical setting for immunotherapy, identifying patients who benefit, and defining relevant clinical and immunologic end points. Nevertheless, the broader availability of novel immunotherapies will provide opportunities not only to target different components of the immune system but also to combine immunotherapies with other treatments for improved clinical efficacy.
Numerical methods for modeling computer networks under nonstationary conditions

Numerical techniques for modeling computer networks under nonstationary conditions are discussed, and two distinct approaches are presented. The first approach uses a queuing theory formulation to develop differential equation models which describe the behavior of the network by time-varying probability distributions. In the second approach, a nonlinear differential equation model is developed for representing the dynamics of the network in terms of time-varying mean quantities. This approach allows multiple classes of traffic to be modeled and establishes a framework for the use of optimal control techniques in the design of network control strategies. Numerical techniques for determining the queue behavior as a function of time for both approaches are discussed and their computational advantages are contrasted with simulation. >
Platelet activation in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare syndrome of unknown etiology. It is characterized by platelet microthrombi in small vessels, which results in tissue dysfunction and a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Activation of coagulation is not a prominent feature of TTP. It is not known whether the process which results in platelet aggregate formation might also activate platelets. Using GMP-140 as a marker of activation, we examined the activation state of circulating platelets in seven TTP patients and three normal controls, as well as the ability of purified platelets from three TTP patients and three controls to be activated in vitro. There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of activated platelets circulating in patients and controls (4% vs. 2%). Both TTP and control platelets increased GMP-140 expression and procoagulant activity after stimulation with thrombin or the calcium ionophore A23187. Thus, we conclude that TTP patients do not have a significantly increased proportion of circulating activated platelets, and their platelets can be activated normally by thrombin or a calcium ionophore.
Lethal thalassemia after insertional disruption of the mouse major adult beta-globin gene.

Abstract Thalassemias are hereditary anemias caused by mutations that disturb the normal 1:1 balance of alpha- and beta-globin chains that form hemoglobin. We have disrupted the major adult beta-globin gene (b1) in mouse embryonic stem cells by using homologous recombination to insert selectable sequences into the gene. Mice homozygous for this insertional disruption of the b1 gene (Hbbth-2/Hbbth-2) are severely anemic and die perinatally. In contrast, approximately 60% of mice homozygous for deletion of the same gene (Hbbth-1/Hbbth-1) survive to adulthood and are much less anemic [Skow, L. C., Burkhart, B. A., Johnson, F. M., Popp, R. A., Goldberg, S. Z., Anderson, W. F., Barnett, L. B. & Lewis, S. E. (1983) Cell 34, 1043-1052]. These different phenotypes have implications for the control of beta-globin gene expression.
Positive Interactions in Community Organisation

Positive interactions are ubiquitous in ecological communities and can be facultative or obligate mutualisms or commensalisms. Recent decades of work have developed a framework for understanding positive interactions and their role in community structure and function. The stress-gradient hypothesis was the first conceptual model developed to explain positive interactions and predicted that the frequency of positive interactions increases at physical and biological stress extremes. More recent work has expanded this perspective to habitat-forming foundation species and the hierarchical organisation of communities. Currently positive interactions are being incorporated into the most utilised models in ecology – niche theory and the Menge–Sutherland Model – expanding the accuracy and predictive value of these models. Simultaneously, the role of positive interactions is being recognised and incorporated into evolutionary theory. Key Concepts Positive interactions are ubiquitous under stressful conditions in communities Mechanistically, positive interactions alleviate physical and biotic stresses Positive interactions are slowly being incorporated into community models Foundation species often provide multiple positive interactions to communities Physical and biotic stresses select for the evolution of mutualisms Evolutionary biology has more proactively incorporated positive interactions into their theoretical framework than community ecology Keywords: stress-gradient hypothesis; positive interactions; facilitation cascades; foundation species; niche theory; Menge–Sutherland Model; community organisation
Group Summary: Simulation III

Simulation III is the third group that is related to the numerical simulation of transition related physics. In this group, topics ranged from incompressible flows in complex geometries, to high speed compressible flow in more standard configurations. With the exception of one member, the entire group was here for the duration of the workshop, and interacted with the other members.
Deuda externa: ¿por qué nuestros gobiernos no hacen lo obvio?

La actual relacion de fuerzas, y la ecuacion de disuasion que se sustenta en el encierro de los paises latinoamericanos en el dilema del prisionero —mas alla de tiras y aflojas, de acuerdos y de ventajas temporales para algunos—entranan costos altisimos para ellos. Sin embargo, los impasses que resultan de seguir tironeando de una cuerda que nos ahoga a todos obedecen a una poderosa logica que es sumamente dificil quebrantar para instaurar otra mas compatible con los intereses fundamentales de nuestros paises. Pero el autor sostiene que no es imposible; una condicion necesaria para lograrlo es reconocer la situacion a la que estamos alxxados, la logica que la estructura, y las estrategias basicas que de ella derivan para deudores y acreedores. Lo demas podria ser cuestion —nada mas y nada menos—de la vision, audacia y capacidad de los liderazgos politicos de nuestros paises para presentara sus pueblos las verdaderas opciones, asi como los costos y riesgos de cada una de ellas. En estos momentos de durisima crisis economica y social ocurre el hecho nada insignificante que la mayoria de los liderazgos, en el gobierno y en la oposicion, son democraticos. Entre otras cosas, esto da una capacidad de dialogo enteramente ausente hasta hace poco. Ese dialogo, basado en la busqueda patriotica e inteligente para romper el dilema en que estamos todos encerrados, constituirla un importante primer paso.
Unpacking the Idea of a Judicial Center

This article describes the evolution of the various ways in which the term judicial center has been articulated, with special emphasis on the connections between shifting versions of the idea and the jurisprudential perspectives driving commentary on the Supreme Court by political scientists, journalists, and legal scholars. It then seeks to explain, in light of that description, why the idea of a judicial center is currently perceived by many commentators as an important point of reference for their observations on the dynamics of the current Court. It concludes with some observations about how an understanding of the idea of a judicial center might be sharpened by further scholarly investigations. The article's methodology, which emphasizes the unpacking and historicizing of terms and concepts in American constitutional jurisprudence and commentary, is intended to blend historical analysis with observations on contemporary constitutional issues. It assumes that evocative labels and concepts in American constitutional jurisprudence, such as judicial liberalism, conservatism, or centrism, have universal and contextual dimensions that need to be unraveled before they can be meaningfully employed. It also assumes that such labels and concepts have dominant meanings in particular periods of time which are replaced by other dominant meanings. Techniques of intellectual history can help demonstrate the precise contextual meaning of evocative labels and concepts in given historical periods.
Delivering health education messages for part-time farmers through local employers

ABSTRACT Fifty-nineper cent of principal farm operators in Kentucky work at jobs off the farm. These job settings can be a conduit for dis semination of health education and in jury prevention messages. The Community Partners for Healthy Farming Pro ject initiated a tractor Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) pro motion campaign and through employ ers dissem inated materials on the risks of tractor over turns and benefits of ROPS. Eight businesses participated in this effort. A case report de scribes one employer's activities in detail.
A study of the lead-lag relationship between price change and trading volume in futures markets using high-frequency data

This paper uses high-frequency, tick-level data to examine the causal relationship between price change, trading volume and volatility in the S&P 500 index futures market. Based on 327,860 observations during the pre-2008 financial crisis period of 2005 through 2007, we find significant evidence of a bidirectional impact at up to three to four lags, in minutes, at the return level. Prior research that used daily data could not have captured this impact. At the volatility level, we find that volume has predictive power to forecast return volatility starting at lag three, which is consistent with the sequential information arrival hypothesis.
Changes in cytokine production and T cell subpopulations in experimentally induced zinc-deficient humans

We have utilized an experimental model of human zinc deficiency for study of cytokines production by TH1 and TH2 cells. Additionally, we determined ratios of CD4+ to CD8+ and CD4+ CD45RA+ to CD4+CD...
Training School Psychologists to Identify Specific Learning Disabilities: A Content Analysis of Syllabi

Abstract. Approximately 2.4 million children receive special education services for specific learning disabilities (SLDs), and school psychologists are key contributors to the SLD eligibility decis...
From victorious rebels to strong authoritarian parties: prospects for post-war democratization

ABSTRACTIn a number of cases, rebel movements that won civil wars transformed into powerful authoritarian political parties that dominated post-war politics. Parties whose origins are as victorious insurgent groups have different legacies and hence different institutional structures and patterns of behaviour than those that originated in breakaway factions of ruling parties, labour unions, non-violent social movements, or identity groups. Unlike classic definitions of political parties, post-rebel parties are not created around the need to win elections but rather as military organizations focused on winning an armed struggle. Key attributes of victorious rebel movements, such as cohesive leadership, discipline, hierarchy, and patterns of military administration of liberated territory, shape post-insurgent political parties and help explain why post-insurgent parties are often strong and authoritarian. This article seeks to identify the mechanisms that link rebel victory in three East African countries (U...
Earthquake slip rise time and rupture propagation: Numerical results of the quantum earthquake model

Abstract We continue to investigate the properties of an earthquake model that is based on the physically reasonable assumption that some small section of the fault, referred to as a quantum, must have the same failure criteria (Sacks and Rydelek, 1995). In the simplest case studied to date, the failure criteria is controlled by the physics of Coulomb failure. When this section fails, there is a redistribution of the stress drop onto nearest neighbors. These neighboring quanta, if already near failure, may produce further rupture and so forth for neighbors of neighbors. For larger events comprised of many failed quanta, this cascade process produces a rupture front of limited width and with a variable rate of propagation. In the rupture front, there can be multiple reactivation (i.e., the cycle of fracturing and healing), which governs the duration of the rise time; this rise time is found to be of much shorter duration than the total rupture time of the event. In addition, even though the failure parameters of the quanta are somewhat similar (within 20%), the chaotic behavior of the faulting process and the stress redistribution from numerous smaller events leading up to a large event can give rise to apparent nonphysical asperities, i.e., subregions with larger than average slip. That such characteristics are observed in real earthquakes lends support to the underlying physics that governs our model.
Analysis of water quality in red layer in Nanchuan district of Chongqing

Objective To understand the quality of groundwater in Nanchuan district,ensure the safety of drinking water,and provide basis for protection of groundwater environment. Methods Sixty water samples were collected from 1200 groundwater wells digged in 2012 by 5% sampling,and 14 water samples were collected from groundwater wells digged in 2011. The 74 water samples were detected according to GB / T5750-2006 " Standard examination method for drinking water",and the detection results were evaluated in accordance with grade Ⅲ source water standard in GB14848-93 " Quality standard for groundwater environment". Results The 74 water samples were all clean for use. In term of cleanness levels,31 samples showed better water quality,accounting for 41. 89%,while 43 samples showed poor water quality,accounting for 58. 11%. Conclusion In Nanchuan district,red layer groundwater can basically meet the drinking water standard,but serious microbial contamination,excessive level of iron and manganese are still the hidden danger to residents,not suitable for direct drinking.
Development and experimental result analysis of the magnetic flux leakage testing instrument

Based on the high magnetic permeability of the ferromagnetism material, we have developed the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing instrument for φ89mm pipeline. This paper introduces the structures of this instrument and theories of the magnetic flux leakage (MFL). A variety of effect factors, such as lift value, speed of inspection and thickness of pipeline are analyzed through experiment. Experimental data show that the instrument can detect the inside and outside defects of a pipeline, the defect part of which is in excess of 20% of the pipe thickness.
Roles of Cadherins and Catenins in Cell−Cell Adhesion and Epithelial Cell Polarity

A simple epithelium is the building block of all metazoans and a multicellular stage of a nonmetazoan. It comprises a closed monolayer of quiescent cells that surround a luminal space. Cells are held together by cell-cell adhesion complexes and surrounded by extracellular matrix. These extracellular contacts are required for the formation of a polarized organization of plasma membrane proteins that regulate the directional absorption and secretion of ions, proteins, and other solutes. While advances have been made in understanding how proteins are sorted to different plasma membrane domains, less is known about how cell-cell adhesion is regulated and linked to the development of epithelial cell polarity and regulation of homeostasis.
Effects of transportation and electrolyte administration on lamb, pig, and calf behavior, distress, and performance traits

Abstract The effects of electrolytes and transportation on lamb, pig, and calf production and behavior traits were evaluated in three twice-replicated trials. In all trials, animals were randomly allotted to three treatment groups stratified by sex, weight, and breed: 1) not transported, water (CW); 2) transported, electrolyte (TE); and 3) transported, water (TW). Comparisons of CW vs TW resulted in the determination of the effects of transportation when water was used; comparisons of TE vs TW allowed the determination of the effects of electrolyte use in transported animals. Each trial consisted of two transportation days 1 wk apart (transports 1 and 2). Each transportation day consisted of a 4-h rest period between two separate 80-km transports. Seventy-two Dorset lambs (average 105 d; 51 ewes and 21 wethers), 72 Yorkshire weaned pigs (average 51 d; 15 barrows and 57 gilts), and 39 Angus x Simmental cross heifers (average 265 d) were used. In the lamb trial, for transports 1 and 2, weight loss was not different (P>0.05) for TE vs TW; CW lost less (P 0.05) for TE vs TW; CW lost less (P
Cotranslational signal-independent SRP preloading during membrane targeting

Ribosome-associated factors must properly decode the limited information available in nascent polypeptides to direct them to their correct cellular fate. It is unclear how the low complexity information exposed by the nascent chain suffices for accurate recognition by the many factors competing for the limited surface near the ribosomal exit site. Questions remain even for the well-studied cotranslational targeting cycle to the endoplasmic reticulum, involving recognition of linear hydrophobic signal sequences or transmembrane domains by the signal recognition particle (SRP). Notably, the SRP has low abundance relative to the large number of ribosome-nascent-chain complexes (RNCs), yet it accurately selects those destined for the endoplasmic reticulum. Despite their overlapping specificities, the SRP and the cotranslationally acting Hsp70 display precise mutually exclusive selectivity in vivo for their cognate RNCs. To understand cotranslational nascent chain recognition in vivo, here we investigate the cotranslational membrane-targeting cycle using ribosome profiling in yeast cells coupled with biochemical fractionation of ribosome populations. We show that the SRP preferentially binds secretory RNCs before their targeting signals are translated. Non-coding mRNA elements can promote this signal-independent pre-recruitment of SRP. Our study defines the complex kinetic interaction between elongation in the cytosol and determinants in the polypeptide and mRNA that modulate SRP–substrate selection and membrane targeting.
Will strict limits on opioid prescription duration prevent addiction? Advocating for evidence-based policymaking.

In 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued the first national guideline in the United States regarding opioid prescribing for pain.1 The guideline included the recommendat...
NEW INSIGHTS INTO THE REGULATION OF DOPAMINE RECEPTOR SUBTYPES AND THEIR ROLES IN BEHAVIOR

Previous research has demonstrated the existence of two distinct dopamine receptor subtypes (Kebabian & Calne, 1979; Creese et al. 1983), possessing unique pharmacologic and biochemical properties. D1 dopamine receptors stimulate adenylate cyclase activity, while D2 dopamine receptors inhibit this enzyme and may well have other second messenger systems. However both receptor subtypes co-exist in many tissues making the determination of their respective physiological and behavioral roles difficult. All neuroleptics, commonly used drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia, have been shown to be either mixed D1/D2 receptor antagonists or selective D2 receptor antagonists. These drugs, when administered to animals, induce profound motoric effects, termed catalepsy, which are characterized by the inability to initiate movement. This drug-induced behavioral syndrome is similar to some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Indeed, when administered to man, a similar spectrum of “extrapyramidal motor effects” are induced — which are ameliorated by anti-par-kinsonian drugs such as anticholinergics. Thus the behavioral effects of neuroleptics mimic some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease which are probably mediated by identical underlying biochemical substrates. D2 receptors have been implicated as the site mediating both the antipsychotic and the antidopaminergic, extrapyramidal motoric effects of neuroleptics (Creese et al., 1976; Seeman et al., 1976). By inference, D2 receptors have been considered to be the mediators of dopaminergic agonists’ behavioral effects. These behavioral effects are also motoric — agonists such as L-DOPA, apomorphine or amphetamine stimulating motor activity at low doses, while dyskinesias and stereotyped motor responses occur at higher doses in both animals and man. However, all of these agonists activate both D2 and D1 receptors.
Acute effects of unilateral static stretching on handgrip strength of the stretched and non-stretched limb.

To determine the effects of an acute bout of unilateral static stretching on handgrip strength of both the stretched and non-stretched limb. It was reasoned that if the non-stretched limb experienced a decrease in force output, further evidence for a neural mechanism to explain a post-stretch force reduction would be obtained as no mechanical adaptation would have occurred. Thirty participants performed maximum voluntary unilateral handgrip contractions of both limbs before and after stretching the finger flexors of the strength-dominant side only. Each trial was assessed for peak force, muscle activity (iEMG), and rate of force generation. Following the stretching bout, peak force and iEMG decreased by 4.4% (p = 0.001) and 6.4% (p = 0.000) respectively in the stretched limb only. However, rate of force generation was significantly impaired in both the stretched (− 17.3%; p = 0.000) and non-stretched limbs (− 10.8%; p = 0.003) 1 min post-stretch, and remained similarly depressed for both limbs 15 min later. Acute stretching negatively impacts rate of force generation more than peak force. Moreover, a reduced rate of force generation from the non-stretched limb indicates the presence of a cross-over inhibitory effect through the nervous system, which provides additional evidence for a neural mechanism.
ASSOCIATION OF VERY HIGH CORONARY CALCIUM SCORE WITH MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS

Coronary artery calcification scores (CACS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. Prior studies had only a small number of patients with very high calcium scores. We assessed the risk association with very high CACS. Consecutive asymptomatic patients referred computed
Targeted Implementation of CUSP to Achieve Zero Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections

An estimated 31,000 avoidable deaths occur each year due to Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSIs). The Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program (CUSP) is designed to eliminate hea...
Bevacizumab for Epistaxis in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: An Evidence-based Review:

Objective Epistaxis is a primary complaint in 90% to 96% of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Numerous surgical and medical treatments aim to decrease the frequency and severity of epistaxis in this patient population. Bevacizumab is a recombinant, humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor, an angiogenic factor elevated in HHT. It has been used in several forms to treat epistaxis in HHT but thus far, evidence-based recommendations are limited. Study Design Systematic review with evidence-based recommendations. Methods A systematic review of the literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was performed using Embase, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process/Epub, and Cochrane databases. English language abstracts were reviewed for relevance. Results Eleven manuscripts met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Submucosal injection, submucosal injection plus laser coagulation, intravenous (IV), and topical formulations of bevacizumab were evaluated for their therapeutic impact on epistaxis in patients with HHT. Three randomized controlled trials failed to show topical bevacizumab to be more effective in controlling epistaxis than saline or other moisturizers. Conclusions The use of submucosal and IV bevacizumab shows promise, but further study is necessary to determine the true efficacy in the treatment of epistaxis as only grade C level exists currently. Based on the available literature, the use of topical bevacizumab is not recommended (grade B).
Feasibility of using neutrino intensity interferometry to measure protoneutron star radii

It has recently been demonstrated analytically that the two-point correlation function for pairs of neutrinos may contain information about the size of the protoneutron star formed in a Galactic core-collapse supernova. The information about the size of the source emerges via the neutrino equivalent of intensity interferometry originally used by Hanbury-Brown and Twiss with photons to measure the radii of stars. However the analytic demonstration of neutrino intensity interferometry with supernova neutrinos made a number of approximations: that the two neutrinos had equal energies, that the neutrinos were emitted at simultaneous times from two points and that they were detected simultaneously at two detection points that formed a plane with the emission points. These approximations need to be relaxed in order to better determine the feasibility of neutrino intensity interferometry for supernovae neutrinos in a more realistic scenario. In this paper we further investigate the feasibility of intensity interferometry for supernova neutrinos by relaxing all the approximations made in the earlier study. We find that, while relaxing any one assumption reduces the correlation signal, the relaxation of the assumption of equal times of detection is by far the largest detrimental factor. For neutrino energies of order $\ensuremath{\sim}15\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ and a supernova distance of $L=10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{kpc}$, we show that in order to observe the interference pattern in the two-point correlation function of the neutrino pairs, the timing resolution of a detector needs to be on the order of $\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}$ if the initial neutrino wave packet has a size of ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{x}\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{cm}$.
In vitro plant regeneration from immature embryo axis and cotyledons of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Phaseolus vulgaris L. is the most important economic species within the genus Phaseolus. It is grown in all parts of the world. Genetic improvement by conventional breeding has met considerable success, although production of hybrids between species within the genus has been limited due to sexual incompatibility. Recent advances in tissue culture have offered the opportunity to produce cultivars, which could not be obtained by conventional breeding methods. The use of tissue culture and genetic engineering is viewed as a logical approach to improve bean production. Gene transfer techniques will have a great impact on legumes. Although the concept of cell totipotency is widely proved, in vitro morphogenesis has not yet been achieved for a large number of cultivated beans. Regeneration protocols are strongly influenced by the genotype. In tissue and cell culture of beans, the factors controlling shoot morphogenesis and somatic embryogenesis are still unknown. The reported data suggest a possible way for future research.
Prevalence of epithelial abnormalities and high-risk human papilloma virus in cervicovaginal Pap smears of population subgroups as a guide toward evidence-based best practice.

Background The 2012 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Consensus Guidelines provide information for managing abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. According to these guidelines for Pap smear diagnosis of Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, reflex high risk (HR) human papilloma virus (HPV) genotyping is required among women 21 years of age or older. Whereas, in women of 30 to 65 years of age, HR-HPV can be ordered by the clinicians as part of co-testing with any diagnosis and every 5 years with a negative Cervico-Vaginal Pap test (CVPT). Methods A retrospective review of the CoPath database of the Pathology Department at the University of Florida, College of Medicine Jacksonville, FL, was performed to identify North Florida (NF) women who underwent CVPT and HR-HPV testing between 2006 and 2014. The women were stratified by race and age, respectively. Results The study included 19,933 CVPTs. Significant differences in the outcomes' distributions were found among age and race groups, respectively. Highest prevalence of HPV positivity was found in African American women, and in 14- to 20-year-old women, respectively. Twenty- to 30-year-old women had the highest percentage (59%) of epithelial abnormality. The most common HR-HPV genotypic distribution was other HR-HPV. Conclusions This study underscores the importance of using both HR-HPV and CVPT for screening for cervical cancer, and confirms the need for special focus on managing high-risk populations subgroups, such as African American women, and women of ages 14 to 20 years especially in high-risk populations.
Sulfur heat transfer behavior in vertically-oriented isochoric thermal energy storage systems

Abstract Elemental sulfur is a promising medium for moderate to high-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) systems due to its low cost and excellent chemical stability up to very high temperatures (1200 °C). Previous studies show that vertically-oriented tubes of isochorically contained thermal storage media (i.e., supercritical CO2) can exhibit higher heat transfer rates than horizontal tubes. Storing thermal storage media in vertical tubes in a TES system also has some potential system-level advantages related to exergy capacity, operation and maintenance, and cost. This paper investigates the heat transfer behavior and performance of sulfur contained in vertically-oriented tubes between room temperature (25 °C) and 600 °C. Experimental and computational analyses show that the natural convection heat transfer behavior for sulfur in a vertically-oriented tube is strongly dependent on the sulfur viscosity, which varies greatly over the range of temperatures used in this study. Validated Nusselt number correlations for vertical tubes of lengths between 0.5 and 3 m and diameters between 5.5 and 21.2 cm are developed for use in parametric studies and designs. In comparison to the horizontally-oriented tube, the vertical tube can have better heat transfer performance with some ranges of tube length and diameter. Therefore, the selection of the tube orientation strongly depends on the tube dimensions and application needs. The results from the current study provide important quantitative and qualitative design bases for sulfur-based TES (SulfurTES) systems.
Does a Care Bundle Reduce Racial Disparities in Postcesarean Surgical Site Infections

Objective To examine the effect of a care bundle on racial disparities in surgical site infections (SSIs). Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing cesarean delivery at ≥23 weeks' gestation. The care bundle included routine antibiotics (both cefazolin and azithromycin), chlorhexidine skin preparation, clippers, vaginal cleansing, placental removal by cord traction, subcutaneous tissue closure, suture skin closure, dressing removal in 24 to 48 hours, and postoperative chlorhexidine soap. Our primary outcome was SSI (superficial incisional, deep incisional, and organ/space) occurring up to 6 weeks. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated, adjusting for predefined covariates. Results Of 2,696 women, 1,947 were black (1,014 in the preimplementation period and 933 in the postimplementation period) and 749 were nonblack (370 in the preimplementation period and 379 in the postimplementation period). Regardless of race, women in the postimplementation period had lower rates of SSI compared with those in the preimplementation period (black: 2.9 vs. 5.2%, aOR: 0.53 [95% CI: 0.33–0.85]; nonblack: 1.1 vs. 3.5%, aOR: 0.28 [95% CI: 0.09–0.89]). There was no interaction by race (p for interaction = 0.94). Conclusion The care bundle decreased SSI in both black and nonblack women but did not reduce racial disparities.
Peri-anal Langerhans cell histiocytosis

A two-year-old boy presented with prolonged constipation and a perianal rash. His perianal painful lesion (figure 1), which precipitated his constipation, resembled a fungal infection, which was treated with antifungals without success. He had developed nail lesions (figure 2), palatal and gum hypertrophy and lesions suggestive of seborrheic dermatitis. He was treated for mucocutaneous candidiasis with zinc supplements, but the excoriation persisted. He had …
Demystifying Cancer Immunotherapy for Lay Audiences

Immunotherapy is now mainstream. Advertisements are ubiquitous in print and visual media for immune based-therapies for various conditions and diseases. Smaller companies that develop novel immunotherapies are often quickly acquired by larger companies. More and more clinical trials are open for immune-based therapies, particularly for immune checkpoint blockades. As such, immunologists need to engage the public in conversations about the strengths and limitations of immunotherapy, and the necessity of research in propelling the field further. In this article, we discuss approaches we have taken to convey key concepts in immunology and cancer immunotherapy to non-scientists and health care professionals without expertise in immunology. Although the devil is always in the details, basic concepts in immunology and immunotherapy can be readily conveyed using stories and analogies, some of which we present here.
Between Surveillance and Sousveillance: Or, Why Campus Police Feel Vulnerable Precisely Because They Gain Power:

Utilizing historical and ethnographic data, this article explicates a thesis that involves a paradox—campus police feel vulnerable as the “surveyed” precisely because they gain power as the “survey...
Effects of Biomass Burning on Stratocumulus Droplet Characteristics, Drizzle Rate, and Composition

This study reports on airborne measurements of stratocumulus cloud properties under varying degrees of influence from biomass burning (BB) plumes off the California coast. Data are reported from five total airborne campaigns based in Marina, California, with two of them including influence from wildfires in different areas along the coast of the western United States. The results indicate that subcloud cloud condensation nuclei number concentration and mass concentrations of important aerosol species (organics, sulfate, nitrate) were better correlated with cloud droplet number concentration (N_d) as compared to respective above‐cloud aerosol data. Given that the majority of BB particles resided above cloud tops, this is an important consideration for future work in the region as the data indicate that the subcloud BB particles likely were entrained from the free troposphere. Lower cloud condensation nuclei activation fractions were observed for BB‐impacted clouds as compared to non‐BB clouds due, at least partly, to less hygroscopic aerosols. Relationships between N_d and either droplet effective radius or drizzle rate are preserved regardless of BB influence, indicative of how parameterizations can exhibit consistent skill for varying degrees of BB influence as long as N_d is known. Lastly, the composition of both droplet residual particles and cloud water changed significantly when clouds were impacted by BB plumes, with differences observed for different fire sources stemming largely from effects of plume aging time and dust influence.
What you See Is What you Get? Investigating how Survey Context Shapes the Association between Media Consumption and Attitudes about Crime

Research on the relationship between media consumption and perceptions of or feelings about crime often relies on survey data. This research, however, rarely if ever contextualizes the content of that media within the analyses. This study explored how media type, frequency of use, and content are related to measures of beliefs about crime. Using survey data from four different years, we tested the relationship between media consumption, perceptions of the crime rate, worry about crime, and anger about crime. We used regressions to investigate what types of media are associated with public opinions on crime, and to examine how these relationships differ across years. We then contextualized our findings by highlighting both local and national news stories about crime that occurred leading up to and during the time that each of these surveys was in the field. Results indicated that local news had the most consistent effect on the three outcomes across years, and other types of media were important when high-profile cases and political debates were in the news cycle. In order to tell a fuller story about the effects of media on beliefs about crime and justice, we argue that future research should consider mixed-methods approaches to place surveys into social context.
Quarter Wavelength Transmission Line Synthesis from an Asymmetric Network

A quarter wavelength transmission line is a symmetric structure and therefore prima facie it seems that it cannot be synthesized using any asymmetric network. In fact, in the existing literature, replacing a quarter wavelength transmission with an asymmetric equivalent has been deemed fundamentally incorrect. This paper presents a counter example to demonstrate that it is quite possible to do so and there is nothing fundamentally wrong in it.
Mg decorated Boron doped Graphene for Hydrogen Storage

First principles based DFT calculations performed to insight structural and electronic properties of Boron doped Magnesium atom decorated graphene sheet for application of hydrogen storage. The four H2 molecules stably binds magnesium atom with Boron doped graphene sheet. The average binding energy extracted in the range-0.566 to -0.687 eV/H2.Partial density of states of complex system shows s and d orbitals of H2 molecule and Mg atom at -0.1eV overlaps of main peaks indicates strong hybridizing and binding of s and d orbitals of H2 and Mg atom respectively. The gravimetric capacity of studied complex system reaching approximately 8.26 wt% hydrogen. HOMO & LUMO study shows stability of complex system.DOS investigation reveals the electronic density of states of complex system.
Refractory Lymphatic Ascites After Radical Prostatectomy.

Abstract Lymphatic ascites after pelvic lymphadenectomy is a rare complication and is rarely reported after urologic surgery. We report a case of delayed and refractory lymphatic ascites following robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.
A Review on Strategies for Data Collection, Reflection, and Communication in Eating Disorder Apps

Eating disorders (EDs) constitute a mental illness with the highest mortality. Today, mobile health apps provide promising means to ED patients for managing their condition. Apps enable users to monitor their eating habits, thoughts, and feelings, and offer analytic insights for behavior change. However, not only have scholars critiqued the clinical validity of these apps, their underlying design principles are not well understood. Through a review of 34 ED apps, we uncovered 11 different data types ED apps collect, and 9 strategies they employ to support collection and reflection. Drawing upon personal health informatics and visualization frameworks, we found that most apps did not adhere to best practices on what and how data should be collected from and reflected to users, or how data-driven insights should be communicated. Our review offers suggestions for improving the design of ED apps such that they can be useful and meaningful in ED recovery.
Interpenetrating Lattices with Tailorable Energy Absorption in Tension

Abstract This paper introduces the chain lattice, a hierarchical porous structure comprising two interpenetrating cellular solids. One constituent toughens the material and prevents catastrophic localized failure while the other serves as a porous matrix which densifies to absorb energy during tensile loading. Through tension testing, we demonstrate 3D-printed plastic chain lattices that exhibit delocalized damage and an order of magnitude increment in strain-to-failure over the fully dense base material. These experiments validate a micromechanics-based model of tensile specific energy absorption, which we then use in a parametric study on the effects of chain geometry and matrix properties on tensile behavior. We find that ceramic chain lattices can achieve an order of magnitude improvement in tensile specific energy absorption over the fully dense material, in line with the improvement seen when forming monolithic ceramics into fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites. The experiments and analysis highlight the ability of the chain lattice to impart damage-tolerance to 3D-printable materials that are normally brittle and flaw-sensitive.
Psychometric Analysis of the Arabic Translation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.

Background Social support has been related to postpartum depression (PPD) among immigrant women. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) has been translated to Arabic (MSPSS-AW) but not validated among postpartum women. Purpose To further replicate and refine the already existing MSPSS-AW to determine: (a) reliability and construct validity of the MSPSS-AW in immigrant Arab American postpartum women, and (b) relationship of dimensions of social support and PPD. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 115 Arab American immigrant postpartum women completed demographic questionnaire, MSPSS-AW, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Results Confirmatory factor analysis replicated three- factor model for social support (Family, Friends, and Husband). Internal consistency reliability coefficients for the three subscales ranged from .65 to .79. The MSPSS-AW subscales were related to PPD symptoms controlling for years of education, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy. Conclusion The MSPSS-AW is reliable and valid for use with immigrant Arab American postpartum women.
Distance images and intermediate-level vision

Early vision is dominated by image patches or features derived from them; high-level vision is dominated by shape representation and recognition. However there is almost no work between these two levels, which creates a problem when trying to recognize complex categories such as "airports" for which natural feature clusters are ineffective. We argue that an intermediate-level representation is necessary and that it should incorporate certain high-level notions of distance and geometric arrangement into a form derivable from images. We propose an algorithm based on a reaction-diffusion equation that meets these criteria; we prove that it reveals (global) aspects of the distance map locally; and illustrate its performance on airport and other imagery, including visual illusions.
Old Constitutions and New Issues: National Lessons from Vermont's State Constitutional Case on Marriage of Same-Sex Couples

The Vermont Supreme Court's 1999 ruling in Baker v. State was a watershed decision, holding that same-sex couples in Ver111011t were entitled to the same benefits and protections as opposite-sex married couples. While Baker is extremely important as a matter of substantive law, and as a contribution to the national discussion of the issues surrounding marriage of same sex-couples, it also provides an excellent lens through which to consider principles of state constitutional law and the New Judicial Federalism. This Article demonstrates how Baker is illustrative of major themes in state constitutional law, including the use of state constitutional history and textual analysis, distinctions between federal equal protection approaches and independent state constitutional equality doctrines, and plaintiffs' choice of state forum and state constitutional claims. The Article also shows how Baker highlights the application of a new, developing state constitutional rights jurisprudence.
Prophylactic penicillin during labor in infection-prone patients.

Abstract Although penicillin given during labor should theoretically give protection against infection, there are as yet only a few reports which present reliable data indicating actual results. In the present experiment 100 obstetrical patients with premature rupture of the membranes for at least 20 hours, labor for 20 hours or more, or both were given prophylactic penicillin at regular intervals before delivery; whereas a like number of controls were untreated. Taking into account the differences in the two groups (as shown by comparisons of the length of labor, lapse of time after premature rupture of the membranes, incidence of antepartum fever, inflammation of the placenta, etc.) there was demonstrated a considerable protection against puerperal infection in such patients from the use of penicillin during labor. However, welcome as is this protection, the prevention was so far from complete in these infection-prone patients as to suggest only a very cautious extension of the indications for delivery by cesarean section in such difficult cases. In agreement with Keettel, Scott, and Plass, there was some reason to believe that the use of larger prophylactic doses of penicillin should be expected further to reduce the occurrence of puerperal infection. On theoretical grounds it has been suggested that the fetus should receive some protection against antenatal infection from the penicillin given to the mother before delivery, though factual evidence regarding this seems to be largely lacking. In the present series the gross results, as well as an analysis of the figures, failed to indicate any advantage to the child from prophylactic antepartum treatment of the mother.