cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Severe bladder contracture in patient receiving intravesical mitomycin C for superficial bladder cancer

Intravesical mitomycin C is an effective agent for treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A 60 to 70 per cent overall response rate has been reported. Its side effects have been minor. We present a case of severe bladder contracture after intravesical therapy with mitomycin C.
An avian sodium-hydrogen exchanger

Intestinal sodium transporters, such as the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) are important for Na+ conservation in land birds. In mammals, at least five isoforms of the exchanger, NHEs 1-5, have been cloned, with NHE-1 occurring in epithelial basolateral and nonepithelial cell membranes and NHE-3 being restricted to epithelial apical/brush border membranes. We had demonstrated earlier that chicken intestinal brush border membranes possess NHE activity that functionally resembles mammalian NHE-3. In this study, we used mammalian NHE-1 and NHE-3 probes to examine if chicken enterocytes possess these transporters. Antisera against rat NHE-3 recognized a 97 kDa protein in chicken intestinal brush border membrane, while a NHE-3 cDNA probe failed to recognize any transcript. A NHE-1 antibody failed to recognize any protein in brush border or basolateral membrane, while a NHE-1 cDNA probe recognized a 3.9 kb transcript. Thus, there is more than one NHE isoform in chicken intestine, and our results suggest a novel avian NHE family.
Interactive graphic editor for analysis and enhancement of medical images

We have developed an interactive graphic editor to define subregions within a volume of medical images arranged in serial sections. The editing methods include tracing and automatic growing of connected components defined by the gray level range. The editor performs a statistical analysis of the signal contained in each subvolume and is used in studies of magnetic resonance (MR) signal in medical images. The graphic editor is also used for creating 3D views from MR images based on the new volume-rendering algorithm. The editor transforms the volume of images by remapping their gray levels and by multiplanar cuts. The ability to suppress regions having the same signal intensity as the region of interest is important in generating an unobstructed view of the anatomical structures.
Development of Electromagnetic Induction Systems for Powering “Smart” Actuation Systems

The primary goal of this project is to design and test of a novel electromagnetic induction (EMI) system that is capable of converting ambient vibration energy into valuable electric energy for use in powering "smart" actuation systems. The principle of the EMI system is based on the Faraday's Law of Induction: the magnitude of the electromotive force (emf) induced in a circuit is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux that cuts across the circuit. The converted electric energy (i.e., emf) from the EMI system will power a semi-active damping control device called a Magnetorheological (MR) damper. The project has been separated into two phases: (1) Optimal design of EMIs, (2) Performance evaluation of MR-EMIs. To identify an "optimal" EMI configuration, several prototype EMIs were designed and constructed. The performance of each EMI was then experimentally evaluated using a spring-mass system. The effects of the number of turns, coil length, number of phases and type of phase connection of the EMIs were evaluated by comparing maximum output voltages. Analysis of the output voltages revealed that generally increases in the number of turns and the number of phases causes an increase in the output voltage while increases in length caused decreases in voltage. In the second phase of the project, a prototype was built that integrated the EMI systems with an existing MR damper, making an MR-EMI system. The dynamic performance of the MR-EMI was experimentally evaluated using a dynamic force frame and a load cell. The results revealed that the current EMI design generated a force equivalent to that produced by a 2 volt battery.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The Scaling Behavior of a Self-Affine Fractal Interface in a Paper Tearing Experiment

The scaling behavior of a self-affine fractal interface is examined in a paper tearing experiment. A sheet of heavy duty construction paper, 30 cm × 23 cm, is torn lengthwise across the grain of the paper, and the tear line is scanned and digitized to obtain the interface height h(x) as a function of position x. From these, the interface width w(L) is determined as a function of system size L. It is found that the interface width scales with system size L as w(L) ~ Lα, with α=0.66±0.02. The result is assessed in comparison with other relevant experimental and theoretical results.
Large-scale phosphorylation analysis of mouse liver

Protein phosphorylation is a complex network of signaling and regulatory events that affects virtually every cellular process. Our understanding of the nature of this network as a whole remains limited, largely because of an array of technical challenges in the isolation and high-throughput sequencing of phosphorylated species. In the present work, we demonstrate that a combination of tandem phosphopeptide enrichment methods, high performance MS, and optimized database search/data filtering strategies is a powerful tool for surveying the phosphoproteome. Using our integrated analytical platform, we report the identification of 5,635 nonredundant phosphorylation sites from 2,328 proteins from mouse liver. From this list of sites, we extracted both novel and known motifs for specific Ser/Thr kinases including a "dipolar" motif. We also found that C-terminal phosphorylation was more frequent than at any other location and that the distribution of potential kinases for these sites was unique. Finally, we identified double phosphorylation motifs that may be involved in ordered phosphorylation.
A new species of Jubelina (Malpighiaceae) from Central America

The first species of Jubelina known from Central America is namedJubelina wilburi, described, illustrated, and compared with its nearest relative,J. uleana of Peru.
Together and Apart: The Russian Orthodox Church, the Russian Empire, and Orthodox Missionaries in Alaska, 1794–1917

Addressing Russian Orthodox missions in the Alaskan periphery of the Russian Empire, this article discusses the flexibility of Russian Orthodox missionaries in adapting concepts of Orthodoxy and Russianness to the circumstances of their mission in Alaska and to their individual experiences there. Consulting a range of missionary writings from 1794–1917, including reports, journals, letters, and articles in church periodicals, Murray assesses varying interpretations and methods of promoting the civilizing mission, christianization, and russification over the long nineteenth century. Efforts in education and promoting moral standards were vital to the missions but always incorporated respect for the native culture. Recognizing the importance of this periphery even after the sale of Alaska to the United States in 1867, the missionaries continued to perceive the converted Alaskan communities as tied to Russian Orthodox culture and identity and their educational and moral efforts as essential to the construction of good citizens for the new political power.
Guidelines for the use of systematic workload estimation

Abstract This report covers a step-by-step guide for training observers in conducting studies for which an estimation of the time-weighted average metabolic heat production of workers is crucial. The estimation is made by coding the work activities according a schema and, then, the codes are converted into their caloric values.
Stimulated Raman scattering crosstalk in massive WDM systems under the action of group velocity dispersion

We provide a theoretical model that can accurately describe the evolution of stimulated Raman scattering crosstalk in high-speed massive wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems. Our model takes into account channel walk-off effects due to group-velocity dispersion and directly involves the bit-1 probability and the duty cycle of the modulation sequence. Our analytical predictions are found to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations carried out using pseudo-random bit patterns in a return-to-zero format. These results are also applicable even in the case of amplified WDM systems. Pertinent examples are provided.
SMS Fiber Sensor Utilizing a Few-Mode Fiber Exhibits Critical Wavelength Behavior

We experimentally demonstrate the existence of a critical wavelength in the 1.4-1.6-μm optical communication window for the single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) fiber sensor utilizing a few-mode fiber (FMF). Peaks near the critical wavelength exhibit higher sensitivity to temperature or strain. A theoretical analysis of this SMS structure shows that the critical wavelength behavior is mainly governed by the fiber refractive index (RI) profile with no significant effect from material dispersion. There is only one critical wavelength in the range where the LP02 mode of the FMF is supported. Small alterations of the fiber RI profile can tune the critical wavelength.
Sharing verbal and visuospatial resources in working memory.

Abstract A digit memory task and a delayed visual aiming task were used in a test of resource capacity theories. These tasks were run either singly, with short- or long-retention intervals, or in pairs. In the dual-task conditions, the short version of one was inserted into the longer version of the other. Delay by itself had no effect on retention, but the dual-task combinations showed asymmetrical interference: Inserting verbal memory into the visual-motor delay had little effect on either task, but inserting the motor task into the verbal retention interval disrupted both. These results thus support neither single nor multiple resource models, but can be explained with reference to component processes in working memory.
NAB2: A Transcriptional Brake for Activated Gene Expression in the Vessel Wall?

Gene expression is regulated by a hierarchy of control mechanisms that transmit signals from the cell exterior to the nucleus. These mechanisms include precision-controlled signal transduction cascades such as protein kinases that modify the location and activity of DNA-binding transcription factors. Other proteins stabilize or destabilize the expression and activity of DNA-binding transcription factors. Finally, changes in chromatin structure determine the accessibility of DNA to activated transcription factors. A great deal of knowledge has accumulated regarding the role of DNA-binding transcription factors in mediating general and cell-specific gene expression. Comparatively less is known about the proteins that function as transcriptional brakes by competitively inhibiting DNA binding of transcriptional activators or by physically associating with the transcriptional activator to decrease transactivation potential. The latter class of proteins, referred to as corepressors, do not bind DNA directly. Instead, corepressors physically associate with DNA-binding transcription factors at evolutionarily conserved domains that are thought to act as molecular bridges between the DNA-binding transcription factor and the preinitiation complex. In this Commentary, we will briefly review the early genetic response of the vessel wall to injury, then discuss how a new class of corepressors that Silverman et al have studied and now report in this issue of The American Journal of Pathology 1 may function to counterbalance the activity of a transcription factor that appears to be a nodal point for injury-induced vascular gene expression.
Regression Analysis for Categorical Variables with Outcome Subject to Nonignorable Nonresponse

Abstract We develop a log-linear model for categorical response subject to nonignorable nonresponse. The paper differs from Fay (1986) in its focus on estimation and hypothesis testing in a regression setting, as opposed to imputation in a multivariate setting. We present several new results concerning the existence of solutions on the boundary of the parameter space and the construction of confidence intervals for estimates. We illustrate the method by estimating the proportion of voters preferring Truman in a 1948 preelection poll (Mosteller, Hyman, McCarthy, Marks, and Truman 1949). Results may depend strongly on the model assumed for nonresponse; goodness-of-fit tests are available for comparing alternative models.
The effects of pre-enucleation irradiation on the development of metastases from intraocular Greene melanoma in hamsters.

Using intraocular Greene melanoma in a hamster model, we studied the effect of pre-enucleation irradiation on the development of melanoma metastases. One group (No. = 111) was treated with 1,210 to 1,600 rads of cobaltous chloride Co 60 gamma irradiation before enucleation and the second group (No. = 100) received no irradiation. The groups did not differ with respect to presence of metastases in the 106 days after tumor implantation (chi 2 = 3.05; P = .08). However, Kaplan-Meier survival curves gave a longer time to melanoma-related death in the irradiated animals compared with the controls (log rank test, P = .0008).
New A-15 phases☆

Abstract The lattice parameters and the x-ray intensity data of two new A-15 compounds (Ti4Tl and Zr4Tl) are reported. In connection with searching for possible superconducting transitions in these compounds, four others (V3Pd, Ti3Au, Ti3Hg and Zr3Hg) have been reinvestigated. All six compounds remain non-superconducting down to 0.35°K.
The nature of interparental conflict of married and divorced parents: implications for young adolescents

While research has demonstrated that interparental conflict is associated with poor child and adolescent functioning, studies have not yet addressed the characteristics of such conflict. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to report reliability and validity data of a questionnaire, the Interparental Conflict Questionnaire (ICQ), designed to assess the nature of interparental conflict more thoroughly than has been done previously, and (2) to compare the nature of such conflict in a married and divorced sample. Fifty-five married and 46 divorced parents, all of whom had a young adolescent, participated by completing two questionnaires: the O'Leary-Porter Scale and the ICQ. Validity (e.g., correlation with the O'Leary-Porter Scale) was generally acceptable for the ICQ, whereas test-retest reliability tended to be moderate to low. Additional findings indicated that heated arguments rarely occurred. Furthermore, in comparing married and divorced parents, the former discussed issues more and, to some extent, the latter argued more. However, one of the most striking aspects of the findings was the similarity of the married and divorced samples in terms of their conflict. Implications of the findings for understanding and explaining the role of interparental conflict in child and adolescent functioning are explored.
The rate of progression of Alzheimer's disease in the later stages: evidence from the Severe Impairment Battery.

This study describes changes in cognitive function in patients who are typically excluded from longitudinal studies due to their inability to complete most standardized batteries. Thirty-three patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease were assessed by means of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and measures of functional status. Follow-up evaluations were conducted, and annual rates of change were calculated. Patients with severe cognitive impairment demonstrated rates of progression similar to patients who were moderately impaired at initial evaluation. Rates of decline on the SIB were unrelated to baseline cognitive function, and annual rate of decline in Year 1 was not correlated with disease progression in the subsequent year. This study demonstrates that, with appropriate assessments, severely impaired patients can exhibit a range of performance and rates of decline that are comparable to those of moderately impaired patients. ( JINS , 1998, 4 , 512–516.)
Responses of neurons in the caudal medullary raphe nuclei of the cat to stimulation of the vestibular nerve.

In the decerebrate cat, recordings were made from neurons in the caudal medullary raphe nuclei to determine if they responded to electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve and thus might participate in vestibulo-sympathetic reflexes. Many of these cells projected to the upper thoracic spinal cord. The majority (20/28) of raphespinal neurons with conduction velocities between 1 and 4 m/s received vestibular inputs; 13 of the 20 were inhibited, and 7 were excited. Since many raphespinal neurons with similar slow conduction velocities are involved in the control of sympathetic outflow, as well as in other functions, these cells could potentially relay vestibular signals to sympathetic preganglionic neurons. The onset latency of the vestibular effects was long (median of 15 ms), indicating the inputs were polysynaptic. In addition, 34 of 42 raphespinal neurons with more rapid conduction velocities (6–78 m/s) also received long-latency (median of 10 ms) labyrinthine inputs; 26 were excited and 8 were inhibited. Although little is known about these rapidlyconducting cells, they do not appear to be involved in autonomic control, suggesting that the function of vestibular inputs to raphe neurons is not limited to production of vestibulosympathetic reflexes. One hypothesis is that raphe neurons are also involved in modulating the gain of vestibulocollic and vestibulospinal reflexes; this possibility remains to be tested.
Refractive index of Irtran 2 as a function of wavelength and temperature.

Data are presented for the refractive index of Irtran 2, a hot-pressed microcrystalline compact of ZnS, made by the Eastman Kodak Company, from 1 μm to 15 μm and from 93 K to 283 K. The values range from 2.35 at both high temperatures and short wavelengths to 2.12 at the opposite extremes. The average value of dn/dT is about 4 × 10−5 K−1 at 104 K for all wavelengths, with a value of 2 × 10−7 K−2 for the temperature variation of dn/dT.
Competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists block the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine, but not to selective μ or δ opioid agonists in mice

N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists have been shown to block the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine. Assessment of the effects of NMDA antagonists on development of antinociceptive tolerance to selective opioid mu (mu) and delta (delta) agonists, however, has not been reported. In these experiments, selective mu and delta receptor agonists, and morphine, were repeatedly administered to mice either supraspinally (i.c.v.) or systemically (s.c.), alone or after pretreatment with systemic NMDA antagonists. Antinociception was evaluated using a warm-water tail-flick test. Repeated i.c.v. injections of mu agonists including morphine, fentanyl, [D-Ala2, NMePhe4, Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) and Tyr-Pro-NMePhe-D-Pro-NH2 (PL017) or [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin, a delta agonist, or s.c. injections of morphine or fentanyl, produced antinociceptive tolerance as shown by a significant rightward displacement of the agonist dose-response curves compared to controls. Single injections or repeated administration of MK801 (a non-competitive NMDA antagonist) or LY235959 (a competitive NMDA antagonist) at the doses employed in this study did not produce behavioral toxicity, antinociception or alter the acute antinociceptive effects of the tested opioid agonists. Consistent with previous reports, pretreatment with MK801 or LY235959 (30 min prior to agonist administration throughout the tolerance regimen) prevented the development of antinociceptive tolerance to i.c.v. or s.c. morphine. Neither NMDA antagonist, however, affected the development of antinociceptive tolerance to i.c.v. fentanyl, DAMGO, or [D-Ala2, Glu4]deltorphin. Additionally, MK801 pretreatment did not affect the development of antinociceptive tolerance to i.c.v. PL017 or to s.c. fentanyl. Further, MK801 pretreatment also did not affect the development of tolerance to the antinociception resulting from a cold-water swim-stress episode, previously shown to be a delta-opioid mediated effect. These data lead to the suggestion that the mechanisms of tolerance to receptor selective mu and delta opioids may be regulated differently from those associated with morphine. Additionally, these findings emphasize that conclusions reached with studies employing morphine cannot always be extended to 'opiates' in general.
WHEN NOBODY LISTENS Assessing the Political Success of Radio Martí

All of the media flows in Latin America described previously in this volume are motivated primarily by profit-making commercial interests. In contrast, Radio Marti is a U.S. propaganda broadcasting operation intended to bring about political effects among the people of Cuba. The plan for Radio Marti ignores (1) past communication research showing that the mass media seldom have direct effects, and (2) the ineffectiveness of previous U.S. radio propaganda aimed at Cuba. If broadcasting to Cuba will not be effective in changing the attitudes of Cuban audiences, why is the U.S. government spending $14 million annually on Radio Marti? This article views Radio Marti as a system's response prompted by (1) a shift in inter-American relations, and (2) Cuban exiles and politically conservative groups in the United States who influenced the Reagan Administration to launch this project as a political symbol. Thus Radio Marti can be understood best as a political effect rather than as a cause of audience effects.
Modeling the Potential Effect of Additives on Enhancing the Solubility of Aromatic Solutes Contained in Gasoline

The potential effect of two common gasoline additives, ethanol and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), on enhancing the solubility of the aromatic solutes benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene, was examined using a computer model, ARSOL. Aqueous solute systems containing cosolvents ethanol and MTBE at 0, 0.1, 1, and 4.3 percent were modeled for both ethanol and MTBE systems. Five- and 10-percent ethanol systems were also modeled. Little solubility enhancement was predicted by modeling at cosolvent levels less than 1 percent. At cosolvent levels greater than 1 percent, predicted solute solubility increased curvilinearly with an increase in percent cosolvent; a 10 percent cosolvent system increased aromatic hydrocarbon solubility by approximately 100 percent. According to the model predictions, MTBE enhanced solute solubility more than ethanol, with enhancement by MTBE being approximately 10 percent greater than enhancement by ethanol at 4.3 percent cosolvent. Other concerns regarding gasoline additives are the observed reduction in partitioning of solutes to soils and sediments and the contamination of water supplies due to the high water solubility of the additives.
Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication Using a Mutated tRNALys-3 Primer

Cellular tRNALys-3 serves as the primer for reverse transcription of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). tRNALys-3 interacts directly with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, is packaged into viral particles and anneals to the primer-binding site (PBS) of the HIV-1 genome to initiate reverse transcription. Therefore, the priming step of reverse transcription is a potential target for antiviral strategies. We have developed a mutant tRNALys-3 derivative with mutations in the PBS-binding region such that priming specificity was re-directed to the highly conserved TAR stem-loop region. This mutant tRNA retains high-affinity binding to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, viral encapsidation, and is able to prime at both the targeted TAR sequence and at the viral PBS. Constitutive expression of mutant tRNA in T-cells results in marked inhibition of HIV-1 replication, as determined by measurements of viral infectivity, syncytium formation, and p24 production. Inhibition of retroviral replication through interference with the normal process of priming constitutes a new anti-retroviral approach and also provides a novel tool for dissecting molecular aspects of priming.
Localization of a Nod Factor-Binding Protein in Legume Roots and Factors Influencing Its Distribution and Expression

The roots of the legume Dolichos biflorus contain a lectin/nucleotide phosphohydrolase (Db-LNP) that binds to the Nod factor signals produced by rhizobia that nodulate this plant. In this study we show that Db-LNP is differentially distributed along the surface of the root axis in a pattern that correlates with the zone of nodulation of the root. Db-LNP is present on the surface of young and emerging root hairs and redistributes to the tips of the root hairs in response to treatment of the roots with a rhizobial symbiont or with a carbohydrate ligand. This redistribution does not occur in response to a non-symbiotic rhizobial strain or a root pathogen. Db-LNP is also present in the root pericycle where its level decreases upon initiation of nodule formation. Maximum levels of Db-LNP are found in 2-d-old roots, and the expression of this root protein is increased when the plants are grown in the absence of NO 3 − and NH 4 + . These results support the possibility that Db-LNP is involved in the initiation of the Rhizobium legume symbiosis.
Technological advances and the next 50 years of cardiology

The fiftieth anniversary of the ACC and the end of the twentieth century are arbitrary points in time, yet they seem to coincide with a true watershed. The last 50 years have brought a rush of new techniques and understandings that have, for the first time, given cardiovascular specialists real tools to prevent and fight cardiovascular disease. Only now, for the first time, has science begun to understand exactly what happens when plaque forms in an artery, when heart muscle fibers cross-link and weaken, when an atrial chamber fibrillates, and when heart muscle cells die en masse after a heart attack. We are beginning to track down the actual chemical, mechanical, and electrical pathways by which the heart is damaged or dies. When we can interfere with those pathways and stop the chain of events, we will have defeated heart disease. Imagination is rapid, but progress is often both uncertain and slow because of the many constraints of cost, regulation, and time needed to test and evaluate new developments. Yet we can now foresee a future in which medical science might actually defeat cardiovascular disease the way it has defeated polio, smallpox, and other serious scourges of the past.
Residual amplitude modulation in laser electro-optic phase modulation

An important practical limitation to the sensitivity of frequency-modulation spectroscopy arises because of imperfect phase modulation of the laser beam. This imperfection manifests itself as residual amplitude modulation (RAM), and we present data from a careful series of experiments designed to elucidate its origin. Experimentally, we find two components to the RAM, one that depends for its intensity on the laser frequency and one that does not. We present a model that correctly accounts for the intensity and rf phase and frequency behavior of the laser-frequency-dependent component. We are unable to offer a plausible explanation for the laser-frequency-independent component.
Protons act as a transmitter for muscle contraction in C. elegans.

SUMMARY Muscle contraction is normally mediated by the release of neurotransmitters from motor neurons. Here we demonstrate that protons can act as a direct transmitter from intestinal cells to stimulate muscle contraction. During the C. elegans defecation motor program the posterior body muscles contract even in the absence of neuronal inputs or vesicular neurotransmission. In this study, we demonstrate that the space between the intestine and the muscle is acidified just prior to muscle contraction and that the release of caged protons is sufficient to induce muscle contraction. PBO-4 is a putative Na + /H + ion exchanger expressed on the basolateral membrane of the intestine, juxtaposed to the posterior body muscles. In pbo-4 mutants the extracellular space is not acidified and the muscles fail to contract. The pbo-5 and pbo-6 genes encode subunits of a ‘‘cysloop’’ proton-gated cation channel required for muscles to respond to acidification. In heterologous expression assays the PBO receptor is half-maximally activated at a pH of 6.8. The identification of the mechanisms for release and reception of proton signals establishes a highly unusual mechanism for intercellular communication.
A flexible framework for automation of single cell and cell-to-cell interaction analyses

In general, a formal specification for hardware-software integration is imperative for systematic design of automated systems. This specification requires a critical understanding of hardware and software systems at various levels of abstraction. The objective of the research we present is to develop a framework that serves as a specification for the implementation of an integrated system for the analysis of cell function - a classic application for laboratory automation. The proposed framework addresses a specific set of integrated system requirements comprising the placement of single cells in analysis locations, the analyses of these cells throughout application of external stimuli, and post stimuli end-point analyses of these same cells. The same framework can be directly extended to automate cell-to-cell and tissue analyses. It has been developed using principles from unified modeling language (UML) to maximize potential for integration with other standard laboratory automation systems. The research presented provides the foundation for efficient use of UML with the proposed framework, and serves as an exemplar for others pursuing similar laboratory automation challenges.
Enantiomeric Metabolic Interactions and Stereoselective Human Methadone Metabolism

Methadone is administered as a racemate, although opioid activity resides in the R-enantiomer. Methadone disposition is stereoselective, with considerable unexplained variability in clearance and plasma R/S ratios. N-Demethylation of methadone in vitro is predominantly mediated by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 and somewhat by CYP2C19. This investigation evaluated stereoselectivity, models, and kinetic parameters for methadone N-demethylation by recombinant CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19, and the potential for interactions between enantiomers during racemate metabolism. CYP2B6 metabolism was stereoselective. CYP2C19 was less active, and stereoselectivity was opposite that for CYP2B6. CYP3A4 was not stereoselective. With all three isoforms, enantiomer N-dealkylation rates in the racemate were lower than those of (R)-(6-dimethyamino-4,4-diphenyl-heptan-3-one) hydrochloride (R-methadone) or (S)-(6-dimethyamino-4,4-diphenyl-heptan-3-one) hydrochloride (S-methadone) alone, suggesting an enantiomeric interaction and mutual metabolic inhibition. For CYP2B6, the interaction between enantiomers was stereoselective, with S-methadone as a more potent inhibitor of R-methadone N-demethylation than R-of S-methadone. In contrast, enantiomer interactions were not stereoselective with CYP2C19 or CYP3A4. For all three cytochromes P450, methadone N-demethylation was best described by two-site enzyme models with competitive inhibition. There were minor model differences between cytochromes P450 to account for stereoselectivity of metabolism and enantiomeric interactions. Changes in plasma R/S methadone ratios observed after rifampin or troleandomycin pretreatment in humans in vivo were successfully predicted by CYP2B6- but not CYP3A4-catalyzed methadone N-demethylation. CYP2B6 is a predominant catalyst of stereoselective methadone metabolism in vitro. In vivo, CYP2B6 may be a major determinant of methadone metabolism and disposition, and CYP2B6 activity and stereoselective metabolic interactions may confer variability in methadone disposition.
Shape Recognition Using a New Spatial Representation and a D.P. Matching Algorithm

We propose a new method for the recognition and retrieval of shapes whose contours are simple closed curves. First, we give a new shape representation by a sequence of 2D-vectors of angles, which is independent of rotation and scaling. Each 2D-vector captures the local shape information around a point in the contour. Next, we apply a dynamic programming method to match the points of two contours and identify the outlier (unmatched) points in each contour with respect to the other. Then, we define the similarity of a pair of contours by the number of unmatched points and the matching cost for the matched points. Finally, the recognition and retrieval are done using the nearest-neighbor method. Our experiments on MPEG-7 database show that the performance of the new algorithm is very similar to that of the best-known algorithms in the literature in spite of its significantly less computational complexity and simplicity.
BioNav: Effective Navigation on Query Results of Biomedical Databases

Search queries on biomedical databases like PubMed often return a large number of results, only a small subset of which is relevant to the user. Ranking and categorization, which can also be combined, have been proposed to alleviate this information overload problem. Results categorization for biomedical databases is the focus of this work. A natural way to organize biomedical citations is according to their MeSH annotations, a comprehensive concept hierarchy used by PubMed. In this paper, we present the BioNav system, a novel search interface that enables the user to navigate large number of query results by organizing them using the MeSH concept hierarchy. First, the query results are organized into a navigation tree. Previous works expand the hierarchy in a predefined static manner. In contrast, BioNav uses an intuitive navigation cost model to decide what concepts to display at each step. Another difference from previous works is that the hierarchy is not strictly displayed level-by-level.
PREPARATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING THICK FILMS OF YBa2Cu3O7 BY DEPOSITION OF A SUPERCONDUCTING PRECURSOR INK

A simple and reliable method of producing good quality superconducting thick films of YBa2Cu3O7 with zero resistance above 87 K is presented. The method consists of dipping, spraying or painting a superconducting precursor ink on a substrate (of arbitrary dimensions) with subsequent sintering in flowing oxygen at temperatures close to the melting temperature of YBa2Cu3O7. Superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) as a function of substrate material, firing temperature and nature of the precursor ink are discussed. BeO was found to be the best substrate for our process.
Stratification: embodied poetry works by high school students

In this art submission we describe a collection of twelve multimedia art works that combine sound, images and animation. These works are the result of collaborative creative practice between media artists and students in the context of two high school Language Arts classes for non-Native English speakers. The works were created, in part, by the students physically acting out aspects of the composition within SMALLab, a mixed reality environment for multimodal composition. We call the works "Embodied Poetry" because of this physical action aspect. The title of the collection, Stratification, refers to the layers of meaning within human language. The theme of the collection is English Idioms and the works incorporate both literal and figurative meanings. Examples of idioms include "bringing home the bacon," "fighting a losing battle", and "cutting through red tape." These works were created in an everyday educational setting, with the goal of improving student learning. Nevertheless, they should be viewed as works of art. For us, the artistic contribution of this work includes the pieces themselves and also the guided creative process by which they were created. Thus, for the exhibit we will showcase the works themselves and a documentary describing the process.
Bacterial uptake of dissolved free and combined amino acids in estuarine waters

The Delaware estuary was sampled at lo-14 stations along the main salinity axis from February to August 1985. Dissolved free and combined amino acid concentrations ranged from 50 nM to 1.4 PM and 0.1 to 8.0 PM, respectively. Combined amino acid concentrations were generally higher than dissolved free amino acids. Highest amino acid concentrations wcrc measured in the lower estuary in early spring. Molecular weight analysis of the dissolved combined amino acids revealed that a high percentage of the pool contained peptidcs of < 1,000 daltons. Uptake of 14C-labeled amino acids and an algal protein were used to estimate the relative importance of these potential bacterial substrates. Laboratory experiments verified that peptidc and protein uptake was nonspecific and that labeled algal protein was a good model substrate. Combined and free amino acid uptake rates ranged spatially and temporally from 15 to 600 nM h-l. Combined amino acid uptake averaged 5 1% of the bacterial amino nitrogen demand. Although studies of amino acid uptake by bacteria in seawater generally focus on monomers (Williams et al. 1976; Dawson and Gocke 1978; Lancelot and Billen 1984; Ferguson and Sunda 1984), the major form in which amino acids are consumed has not been established. Amino acids may be available to bacteria as dissolved free monomers, small peptides, proteins, and in organic particles. In natural aquatic environments, concentrations of dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA) are generally higher than concentrations of dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) (Riley and Segar 1970; Daumas 1976; Lee and Bada 1977; Gardner and Stephens 1978; Cifuentes 1982). The spectrum of amino acids in the DCAA pool is more diverse than that of DFAA, which
Mesenteric lymph flow in adult and aged rats.

The objective of study was to evaluate the aging-associated changes, contractile characteristics of mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLV), and lymph flow in vivo in male 9- and 24-mo-old Fischer-344 r...
Short-term modulation of the exercise ventilatory response in goats: effects of 8-OH-DPAT and MPPI.

Increased respiratory dead space increases the exercise ventilatory response, a response known as short-term modulation (STM). We hypothesized that STM results from a spinal, serotonin (5-HT)-depen...
Organizational sustainability in transportation planning: Evaluation of multi-jurisdictional agency collaboration

Although significant effort is being made in addressing infrastructure design, construction, operations, and maintenance, there is the need for assessing organizational sustainability within transportation planning. Transportation planners have identified coordination and collaboration as fundamental steps in addressing issues related to transportation network planning and sustainability initiatives. This research explores multi-jurisdictional collaboration between agencies using a case study on Pennsylvania Metropolitan/Rural Planning Organizations (MPOs/RPOs) and non-designated areas. The agencies are surveyed and the results are analyzed using a network analysis software, Gephi. In order to compare the collaboration network analysis (survey results) to influential factors, such as geographic adjacency and geographic proximity (reflective of transportation networks), GIS is used in combination with Gephi to complete geographical network analyses. The three analyses are compared using average degree, density, and average path length. The results indicate that the MPOs, RPOs, and non-designated areas within the state of Pennsylvania are collaborating, on average, beyond the geographical adjacency but below the level of geographical proximity network. In addition, email and phone communication forms are the most widely used for high frequency connection while face-to-face meetings are more likely for biannual and annual collaboration. The results of this study serve as a foundation for measuring and monitoring multi-jurisdictional collaboration to promote sustainable organizational planning in transportation.
The Somatic Effects of Fission Products

(1958). The Somatic Effects of Fission Products. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 15-18.
Biologically Inspired Flight Techniques for Small and Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This paper discusses energy extraction from atmospheric turbulence by smalland microuninhabited aerial vehicles. A controller which superimposes a gust-dependent control input on a state-feedback derived control input is proposed, and a genetic algorithm is used to obtain control gains as well as the optimal nominal trim state is described. Control laws are designed for both vertical sinusoidal gust fields as well as vertical and longitudinal Dryden gust fields. The optimal trim state and controller gains are shown to vary with gust intensity, and simulation results show significant energy savings for the gust soaring controller over a feedback-only controller.
A velocity decomposition formulation for 2D steady incompressible lifting problems

Abstract The principle of velocity decomposition is used to efficiently and accurately solve the Navier–Stokes boundary-value problem for lifting flows. The velocity vector is decomposed as the sum of irrotational and vortical components. The irrotational component is represented using a velocity potential which satisfies the Laplace equation with a modified boundary condition that is written in terms of the Navier–Stokes solution. A viscous potential can be found which satisfies the Navier–Stokes problem directly outside of the rotational regions of the fluid such that the fluid domain over which the Navier–Stokes equations must be solved numerically can be greatly reduced. The viscous potential is used as a Dirichlet boundary condition for the total velocity on the boundaries of the reduced fluid domain. The velocity decomposition approach is used to solve for the flow over a 2D NACA0012 foil in both laminar and turbulent regimes.
Parental and staff perspectives of NICU research procedures.

Background There are limited data on parental perception of infant participation in minimal risk and minor increase above minimal risk research focusing on the NICU population. The study objective was to assess parental and NICU staff perceptions concerning minimal risk and minor increase above minimal risk in the NICU setting.
A Brucellosis Outbreak in Zunyi

Objective To provide evidence for the scientific development of the guidance for brucellosis prevention and treatment by investigating one brcellosis outbreak in Wuchuan county of Zunyi in 2011.Methods Field epidemiological investigation was conducted,and serum samples collected from sheep and human were conducted laboratory test with rose bengal plate agglutination test and tube agglutination test.Results Totally 2 comfirmed cases with the disease were reported,those 2 patients were a couple.Blood culture results was Malta Brucella bacteria.In 2008,the county put in the introduction of sheep and goat breeding species for free.These 2 cases were local cases which were due to the contact with newborn lambs or ewes secretion of the birth canal infected material.The brucellosis antibodies were detected in 17.17%(17/99) of the sheep from the village where the patients live,and the positive rate of sheep blood specimens from the patients' home was 85%(17/20).There was no brucellosis case reported in Zunyi by 2010.Conclusion Brucellosis is a zoonotic emerging infectious disease in Zunyi,and there are some areas of brucellosis foci,that should be paid attention.
Linearity vs. Local Linearity

This chapter explores the difference between linearity and local linearity. Linear functions are the easiest functions to work with nonlinear ones are much more difficult. The main idea of differential calculus is that small changes in smooth functions are approximately linear. This chapter presents the formulation of a form of this principle in one independent variable. The formulation of the principle is very important and is used repeatedly. The simplest linear function has the form y = m • x in ( x , y )-coordinates. The parameter m is the slope of the line that graphs the function. This linear function is increasing if m > 0, decreasing if m m = 0. Calculus tells when a nonlinear function y = f [ x ] is increasing by computing an approximating linear function, the differential. The slope of the differential is the derivative. It is easy to tell if the linear function is increasing and the nonlinear function also increases where the approximation is valid.
Cost-driven materials selection criteria for redox flow battery electrolytes

Abstract Redox flow batteries show promise for grid-scale energy storage applications but are presently too expensive for widespread adoption. Electrolyte material costs constitute a sizeable fraction of the redox flow battery price. As such, this work develops a techno-economic model for redox flow batteries that accounts for redox-active material, salt, and solvent contributions to the electrolyte cost. Benchmark values for electrolyte constituent costs guide identification of design constraints. Nonaqueous battery design is sensitive to all electrolyte component costs, cell voltage, and area-specific resistance. Design challenges for nonaqueous batteries include minimizing salt content and dropping redox-active species concentration requirements. Aqueous battery design is sensitive to only redox-active material cost and cell voltage, due to low area-specific resistance and supporting electrolyte costs. Increasing cell voltage and decreasing redox-active material cost present major materials selection challenges for aqueous batteries. This work minimizes cost-constraining variables by mapping the battery design space with the techno-economic model, through which we highlight pathways towards low price and moderate concentration. Furthermore, the techno-economic model calculates quantitative iterations of battery designs to achieve the Department of Energy battery price target of $100 per kWh and highlights cost cutting strategies to drive battery prices down further.
Myxoid Liposarcoma of the Thigh with Metastasis to the Left Ventricle of the Heart: A Case Report.

Case: This report describes a sixty-one-year old man who was diagnosed with a myxoid liposarcoma of the left thigh that was resected and then treated with radiation therapy. He underwent yearly surveillance imaging but presented seventeen years after initial resection with symptoms of heart failure. He was found to have a cardiac abnormality that was first thought to be a pseudoaneurysm but was later shown to be a myxoid liposarcoma, presumably metastatic. Conclusion: Myxoid liposarcoma can present with late metastasis, including to the heart.