cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Class and Care: The Roles of Private Intermediaries in the In-Home Care Industry in the United States and Israel

Worker mistreatment and non-compliance with labor standards are widespread phenomena in the in-home care industry. The women who form the in-home care workforce have little bargaining power, few resources for empowerment, and are vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. In light of the absence of traditional state mechanisms to ensure careworkers' rights, this Article explores the different roles of private market intermediaries in protecting in-home careworkers. Specifically, the article presents original empirical research about private employment agencies that refer careworkers to in-home care jobs in the United States and in Israel. In researching private intermediaries, the goals of the article are twofold. First, by exploring the practices, images, and language that construct the in-home care industry, the article provides insights into the lives of the people, particularly the careworkers, within it. Second, the article aims to illuminate ways in which the working conditions and dignity of careworkers can be improved and their abuse, exploitation, and discrimination prevented, while at the same time elevating the quality of care parents seek for their children. By focusing on private actors within the informal market, I show how new creative structures can be imagined in order to achieve these goals. I argue that although market structures today provide some incentives and mechanisms for private intermediaries to enhance the conditions of careworkers, these market incentives alone are insufficient to protect careworkers from exploitation and discrimination. By illustrating informal mechanisms and ad hoc solutions that private intermediaries such as employment agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), courts, and legislatures use to address the needs of the in-home care industry, the article provides a framework for more formal and comprehensive legal reform. By juxtaposing the two contexts of in-home carework in the United States and in Israel, I demonstrate the problematic, yet important, roles of private intermediaries in shaping the in-home care employment relationship. I show how certain practices of employment agencies actively contribute to the further stratification of women along racial, national, and socio-economic lines in the already secondary, feminized labor market of the care industry. However, at the same time, I argue that employment agencies also serve as potential sources of empowerment and visibility, providing a framework for asserting labor rights, protecting against abuse, developing informal dispute resolution mechanisms, and mobilizing social networking among careworkers.
Risk of end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related death by fibrosis stage in the hepatitis C Alaska Cohort.

Long-term prospective studies of the outcomes associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are rare and critical for assessing the potential impact of HCV treatment. Using liver biopsy as a starting point, we analyzed the development of end-stage liver disease (ESLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver-related death (LRD) according to fibrosis stage among a cohort of American Indian/Alaska Native persons in Alaska. Persons were classified as having no/mild (Ishak = 0,1), moderate (Ishak = 2), or severe (Ishak = 3,4) fibrosis or cirrhosis (Ishak = 5,6). We examined time until development of ESLD, HCC, and LRD and report survival probabilities at 3, 5, 7, and 10 years. Of 407 persons, 39% (n = 150) had no/mild fibrosis, 32% (n = 131) had moderate fibrosis, 22% (n = 88) had severe fibrosis, and 9% (n = 38) had cirrhosis. The average time of follow-up was 7.3 years. Within 5 years of biopsy, 1.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-6.8) of persons with no/mild fibrosis developed ESLD compared with 7.9% (95% CI, 4.0-15.2), 16.4% (95% CI, 9.6-27.2), and 49.0% (95% CI, 33.0-67.7) with moderate, severe fibrosis, and cirrhosis, respectively (P < 0.01). The 5-year outcome of HCC was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.1-7.0), 1.0% (95% CI, 0.1-6.6), 1.1% (95% CI, 0.2-7.7), and 13.4% (95% CI, 4.4-36.7) among persons with no/mild fibrosis, moderate fibrosis, severe fibrosis, and cirrhosis, respectively (P < 0.01). Five years after biopsy, 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0-14.8) of persons with no/mild fibrosis had suffered an LRD compared with 1.0% (95% CI, 0.2-7.5) of persons with moderate fibrosis, 4.7% (95% CI, 1.5-14.1) with severe fibrosis, and 16.3% (95% CI, 7.0-35.1) with cirrhosis (P < 0.01). Conclusion: For prevention of HCC, LRD, and ESLD in the short term, HCV therapy should target individuals who have more than mild fibrosis. (Hepatology 2017;66:37–45).
Evaluation of the productivity of vertical oil wells by using different high shot density (HSD) guns

This work explains how to evaluate the different perforation parameters of the production vertical oil wells by using well test reservoir description and perforation information The necessary data have been collected from Hungarian oil wells including reservoir description data from the MOL Company files Four vertical oil wells have been evaluated The perforating guns data collected from the Schlumberger Company Four perforating HSD guns were used with different charge and explosive load design nbsp In this study calculation method used to determine the perforation depth the influence of the different composite skin effect damage skin factor crushed zone skin factor and the perforation skin factor than we evaluate the flow rate of the different kind of guns We consider the most important parameters influence the productivity of the perforated vertical oil wells We obtained the relationship between the perforation depth and the skin factor the perforation depth and the flow rate the skin factor and the flow rate and we identify the different flow rate After giving the detailed figures and results we evaluate the results of the perforation work In this work we proved that there is calculation method by which the flow rate of the vertical oil well can be estimated before the perforating To have the best flow rate we should choose the right design of the perforation gun Hungarian oil wells will improved their productivity by using high shut density guns Flow rate evaluation needs a good knowledge of rock properties and flow properties
Allele-specific CAPS marker in a Ve1 homolog of Capsicum annuum for improved selection of Verticillium dahliae resistance

Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) is an economically important disease for many high-value crops. The pathogen is difficult to manage due to the long viability of its resting structures, wide host range, and the inability of fungicides to affect the pathogen once in the plant vascular system. In chile pepper (Capsicum annuum), breeding for resistance to Verticillium wilt is especially challenging due to the limited resistance sources. The dominant Ve locus in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains two closely linked and inversely oriented genes, Ve1 and Ve2. Homologs of Ve1 have been characterized in diverse plant species, and interfamily transfer of Ve1 confers race-specific resistance. Queries in the chile pepper WGS database in NCBI with Ve1 and Ve2 sequences identified one open reading frame (ORF) with homology to the tomato Ve genes. Comparison of the candidate CaVe (Capsicum annuum Ve) gene sequences from susceptible and resistant accessions revealed 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and several haplotypes. A homozygous haplotype was identified for the susceptible accessions and for resistant accessions. We developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) molecular marker within the coding region of CaVe and screened diverse germplasm that has been previously reported as being resistant to Verticillium wilt in other regions. Based on our phenotyping using the New Mexico V. dahliae isolate, the marker could select resistance accessions with 48% accuracy. This molecular marker is a promising tool towards marker-assisted selection for Verticillium wilt resistance and has the potential to improve the efficacy of chile pepper breeding programs, but does not eliminate the need for a bioassay. Furthermore, this work provides a basis for future research in this important pathosystem.
Orphan neuropeptides and receptors: Novel therapeutic targets

Neuropeptides are the largest class of intercellular signaling molecules, contributing to a wide variety of physiological processes. Neuropeptide receptors are therapeutic targets for a broad range of drugs, including medications to treat pain, addiction, sleep disorders, and nausea. In addition to >100 peptides with known functions, many peptides have been identified in mammalian brain for which the cognate receptors have not been identified. Similarly, dozens of "orphan" G protein-coupled receptors have been identified in the mammalian genome. While it would seem straightforward to match the orphan peptides and receptors, this is not always easily accomplished. In this review we focus on peptides named PEN and big LEN, which are among the most abundant neuropeptides in mouse brain, and their recently identified receptors: GPR83 and GPR171. These receptors are co-expressed in some brain regions and are able to interact. Because PEN and big LEN are produced from the same precursor protein and co-secreted, the interaction of GPR83 and GPR171 is physiologically relevant. In addition to interactions of these two peptides/receptors, PEN and LEN are co-localized with neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide in neurons that regulate feeding. In this review, using these peptide receptors as an example, we highlight the multiple modes of regulation of receptors and present the emerging view that neuropeptides function combinatorially to generate a network of signaling messages. The complexity of neuropeptides, receptors, and their signaling pathways is important to consider both in the initial deorphanization of peptides and receptors, and in the subsequent development of therapeutic applications.
NeuroSim: A Circuit-Level Macro Model for Benchmarking Neuro-Inspired Architectures in Online Learning

Neuro-inspired architectures based on synaptic memory arrays have been proposed for on-chip acceleration of weighted sum and weight update in machine/deep learning algorithms. In this paper, we developed NeuroSim, a circuit-level macro model that estimates the area, latency, dynamic energy, and leakage power to facilitate the design space exploration of neuro-inspired architectures with mainstream and emerging device technologies. NeuroSim provides flexible interface and a wide variety of design options at the circuit and device level. Therefore, NeuroSim can be used by neural networks (NNs) as a supporting tool to provide circuit-level performance evaluation. With NeuroSim, an integrated framework can be built with hierarchical organization from the device level (synaptic device properties) to the circuit level (array architectures) and then to the algorithm level (NN topology), enabling instruction-accurate evaluation on the learning accuracy as well as the circuit-level performance metrics at the run-time of online learning. Using multilayer perceptron as a case-study algorithm, we investigated the impact of the “analog” emerging nonvolatile memory (eNVM)’s “nonideal” device properties and benchmarked the tradeoffs between SRAM, digital, and analog eNVM-based architectures for online learning and offline classification.
Azure accelerated networking: SmartNICs in the public cloud

Modern cloud architectures rely on each server running its own networking stack to implement policies such as tunneling for virtual networks, security, and load balancing. However, these networking stacks are becoming increasingly complex as features are added and as network speeds increase. Running these stacks on CPU cores takes away processing power from VMs, increasing the cost of running cloud services, and adding latency and variability to network performance. We present Azure Accelerated Networking (AccelNet), our solution for offloading host networking to hardware, using custom Azure SmartNICs based on FPGAs. We define the goals of AccelNet, including programmability comparable to software, and performance and efficiency comparable to hardware. We show that FPGAs are the best current platform for offloading our networking stack as ASICs do not provide sufficient programmability, and embedded CPU cores do not provide scalable performance, especially on single network flows. Azure SmartNICs implementing AccelNet have been deployed on all new Azure servers since late 2015 in a fleet of >1M hosts. The AccelNet service has been available for Azure customers since 2016, providing consistent <15µs VM-VM TCP latencies and 32Gbps throughput, which we believe represents the fastest network available to customers in the public cloud. We present the design of AccelNet, including our hardware/software codesign model, performance results on key workloads, and experiences and lessons learned from developing and deploying AccelNet on FPGA-based Azure SmartNICs.
Testing Polymorphic Behavior of Framework Components

An object-oriented framework is often the key component in building products for a given application area. Given such a framework, an application developer needs only to provide definitions suited to the needs of his or her product for the hook methods. With appropriate initializations, the calls to the hook methods made by the template methods defined in the framework will then be dispatched to the definitions provided by the developer, thus customizing the behavior of the template methods. Specifying and testing such a framework, in particular, specifying and testing its polymorphic behavior that enables such customization, presents some challenges. We discuss these and develop ways to address them.
Acinetobacter: a tale of two genera.

The name Acinetobacter was first applied in 1954 by Brisou and Prevot (5) to nonmotile strains of Achromobacter, the latter group of bacteria representing an earlier classification of gram-negative saprophytes that could be distinguished from other similar bacteria because of their lack of pigmentation (16). In subsequent studies of acinetobacters it was shown that some of them were oxidase-positive and others were oxidase-negative (7). As a result of several investigations of the oxidase-negative acinetobacters an official designation was made of these organisms as species of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (26). The oxidase-positive acinetobacters were then shown to be unrelated to the oxidase-negative acinetobacters (22) and can no longer be considered strains of the genus Acinetobacter. Both groups of acinetobacters contain members that can be manipulated genetically and each will be considered in this discussion.
Multi-scale Imaging Reveals Aberrant Connectome Organization and Elevated Dorsal Striatal Arc Expression in Advanced Age

The functional connectome reflects a network architecture enabling adaptive behavior that becomes vulnerable in advanced age. The cellular mechanisms that contribute to altered functional connectivity in old age, however, are not known. Here we used a multi-scale imaging approach to link age-related changes in the functional connectome to altered expression of the activity-dependent immediate-early gene Arc as a function of training to multi-task. Aged behaviorally-impaired, but not young, rats had a subnetwork of increased connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal striatum. Moreover, the old rats had less stable rich club participation that increased with cognitive training. The altered functional connectome of aged rats was associated with a greater engagement of neurons in the dorsal striatum during cognitive multi-tasking. These findings point to aberrant large-scale functional connectivity in aged animals that is associated with altered cellular activity patterns within individual brain regions.
Management of Lung Cancer

For a nodule that is highly suspicious for lung cancer, a complete patient workup is necessary, which requires adequate staging with imaging and biopsy. Once this is complete, deciding whether or not the patient is a surgical candidate or if the patient would be better treated medically depends on staging and the patient’s functional status. If the patient undergoes surgery, lobectomy is the operation of choice.
Review: Automated mobile phone text messaging increases smoking cessation (moderate evidence)

Source Citation Whittaker R, McRobbie H, Bullen C, et al. Mobile phone text messaging and app-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;10:CD006611. 31638271
Improving preclinical medical student teaching skills through patient education.

Teaching patients is a crucial component of a physician’s work. Effective patient education and patient–physician communication improve health outcomes.1 Patients have reported higher satisfaction in clinical encounters with medical students who have good communication skills.2 Even though medical students are interested in teaching and in learning teaching skills, patient education skills are taught to residents and fellows.3 4 Engagement of preclinical medical students in development of educational presentations for patients may facilitate early professional development. The self-explanation effect describes a phenomenon whereby teachers must have sufficient clarity and grasp of the material through the process of self-explanation before teaching learners, which in turn can improve their own understanding of the material.5 We aimed to apply this phenomenon by engaging preclinical medical students as educators and to assess the effect of early engagement on patient education skills and self-directed learning. Of the 360 preclinical medical students at our institution who were invited to participate, 7 students (n=1 first year, n=6 second …
Psychometric Equivalence of Standard and Prorated Boston Naming Test Scores.

This study compared prorated Boston Naming Test (BNT-P; omitting the noose item) and standard administration (BNT-S) scores in physical medicine and rehabilitation patients (N = 480). The sample wa...
Coalitional Fronting and Shared Ethos Cultivation in the Case of the Council on Religion and the Homosexual

This essay investigates a critical moment of advocacy in San Francisco’s queer history: when police raided the Council on Religion and the Homosexual (CRH) New Year’s Day fundraiser. In response, C...
Hyaluronic Acid Regulates Heart Valve Interstitial Cell Contraction in Fibrin-based Scaffolds.

Abstract Heart valve disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide resulting in hundreds of thousands of heart valve replacements each year. Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) have the potential to overcome the major limitations of traditional replacement valves; however, leaflet retraction has led to the failure of TEHVs in preclinical studies. As native unmodified hyaluronic acid (HA) is known to promote healthy tissue development in native heart valves, we hypothesize that adding unmodified HA to fibrin-based scaffolds common to tissue engineering will reduce retraction by increasing cell-scaffold interactions and density of the scaffolds. Using a custom high-throughput culture system, we found that incorporating HA into millimeter-scale fibrin-based cell-populated scaffolds increases initial fiber diameter and cell-scaffold interactions, causing a cascade of mechanical, morphological, and cellular responses. These changes lead to higher levels of scaffold compaction and stiffness, increased cell alignment, and less bundling of fibrin fibers by the cells during culture. These effects significantly reduce scaffold retraction and total contractile force each by around 25%. These findings increase our understanding of how HA alters tissue remodeling and could inform the design of the next generation of tissue engineered heart valves to help reduce retraction. Statement of significance Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHVs) have the potential to overcome the major limitations of traditional replacement valves; however, leaflet retraction induced by excessive myofibroblast activation has led to failure in preclinical studies. Developing valves are rich in hyaluronic acid (HA), which helps maintain a physiological environment for tissue remodeling without retraction. We hypothesized that adding unmodified HA to TEHVs would reduce retraction by increasing cell-scaffold interactions and density of the scaffolds. Using a high-throughput tissue culture platform, we demonstrate that HA incorporation into a fibrin-based scaffold can significantly reduce tissue retraction and total contractile force by increasing fiber bundling and altering cell–mediated matrix remodeling, therefore increasing gel density and stiffness. These finding increase our knowledge of native HA's effects within the extracellular matrix, and provide a new tool for TEHV design.
Epidemiological investigation on an imported cutaneous anthrax case in Shanghai

Objective: To discuss the challenges and problems of the prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases in Shanghai as a megacities. Methods: An imported case of cutaneous anthrax occurred in Shanghai on May 30, 2019. Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention conducted an epidemiological investigation and treatment of the cases; after this case, the data of patients with cutaneous anthrax were collected, and an epidemiological study was conducted. Meanwhile, the wound and blood samples of the patient were collected for laboratory testing. Results: Of the seven wound samples of the patient, 6 were positive for the Bacillus anthracis nucleic acid test, and the double serological test results showed a 4-fold increase in the titer of anthrax antibodies. Shanghai CDC conducted an epidemiological investigation of the confirmed cases and observed its contacts. After treatment, the patients recovered, and no other issues appeared among the 19 contacts. Conclusions: Shanghai must strengthen the training of clinicians on emerging infectious diseases to achieve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of imported infectious diseases and reduce the incidence, spread, and death of the diseases. At the same time, multi-department joint prevention and control are needed to prevent and control secondary cases.
Charge efficiency of Sealed Nickel-Cadmium aircraft batteries over the temperature range of /spl minus/40/spl deg/C to 70/spl deg/C

Sealed maintenance-free nickel-cadmium batteries are now in production and in use on many air-frames. Life is predicted to be as long as 20 years in some applications. The efficiency of the batteries at different temperatures must be known in order to design proper charge algorithms and to determine suitability and capability. The cyclic charge efficiency of sealed batteries at various charge rates is presented over the temperature range of /spl minus/40/spl deg/C to +70/spl deg/C. These data demonstrate the impressive potential of the sealed nickel-cadmium battery in aircraft applications. >
Convex Approximation Strategies in Structural Optimization

The design optimization problem considered in this paper consists of minimizing some ob-jective function subject to constraints insuring the feasibility of the structural design.
A Review of “The Google Way: How One Company Is Revolutionizing Management as We Know It”

Librarians and other information professionals both love and hate Google for the way it has transformed the information search process. Google has rapidly become an innovation machine with a broad ...
Biological V. Social Definitions of Race: Implications for Modern Biomedical Research:

Misconceptions concerning the concordance of biological and social definitions of race are ongoing in American society. This problem extends beyond that of the lay public into the professional arena, especially that of biomedical research. This continues, in part, because of the lack of training of many biomedical practitioners in evolutionary thinking. This essay reviews the biological and social definitions of race, examining how understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of disease is crucial to addressing ongoing health disparities. Finally it concludes by laying bear the fallacies of “race-specific” medicine.
Epidermal growth factor stimulates the growth of A431 tumors in athymic mice.

Abstract Growth of the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 in vitro is stimulated by low concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF; 0.1–10 pM) and inhibited by high concentrations (0.1–10 nM). This cell also grows as a solid tumor in female athymic mice. Sustained high levels of EGF in vivo can be achieved by the administration of testosterone to female mice via a cholesterol-based pellet inserted subcutaneously. This chronic elevation of EGF levels (serum concentration = 90 ng/ml), however, does not affect growth of the tumor. In contrast, low levels of the growth factor (0.5 μg/g body wt by injection 5 times/week; serum concentration = 8.25 ng/ml) stimulate growth of the tumor. These data suggest that the mechanism(s) involved in the inhibition of A431 cell growth by EGF in vitro does not function in vivo and the physiologically significant effect of EGF in vivo is growth promotion.
Platform for research and education on ground penetrating radar

Current commercial Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems are found at a high cost and allow little interaction between the user and the system. This paper presents a low cost and flexible GPR platform attractive for use in education and research based on the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) developed by Ettus Research. A software application developed in Labview enables users to select and modify fundamental parameters of the transmission and reception stages of a GPR system. Users are able to modify parameters such as sampling and carrier frequencies, waveform shape, amplitude, and bandwidth. The programmability of the USRP in conjunction with the developed software tools provides a user-friendly GPR platform.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization of human sperm – diagnostics, indications, and therapeutic implications

Male factor infertility is a relatively common condition, affecting at least 6% of men of reproductive age. Typically, men with unknown genetic abnormalities resort to using assisted reproductive techniques (ART) to achieve their reproductive goals. Infertile men who father biological children using ART could have a higher incidence of aneuploidy, which is a deviation from the normal haploid or diploid chromosomal state. Aneuploidy can be evaluated using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), a cytogenetic assay that gives an estimate of the frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities. The chromosomes that are generally analyzed in FISH (13, 18, 21, X, and Y) are associated with aneuploidies that are compatible with life. The technique is indicated for various reasons but primarily in [1] men who despite normal semen parameters suffer recurrent pregnancy loss, and [2] men with normal semen parameters, who are undergoing in vitro fertilization but still experiencing recurrent implantation failure. As a screening tool, the technique can help in reproductive and genetic counseling of affected couples, or those who have previously experienced failure of ART. A qualitative analysis of FISH study results allows couples to make informed reproductive choices. Given the increasing clinical use of FISH in various infertility diagnoses, and the development of novel adjunct technologies, one can expect much progress in the areas of preimplantation genetic screening, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
Adhesion molecules in lily pollination.

Adhesion occurs both between pollen tubes and between the pollen tube and transmitting tract epidermis (TTE) in lily. The stylar matrix secreted by the TTE can be isolated and used in an in vitro adhesion assay for pollen tubes. This bioassay was used to isolate two stigma/stylar adhesion molecules in lily: a pectic polysaccharide and a small cysteine-rich, basic protein we named SCA (stigma/stylar cysteine-rich adhesin). Both molecules were purified and used in an adhesion assay. Adhesion in the assay can be disrupted by treatment of the pectin with polygalacturonase and of SCA with proteinase K. The two molecules bind to each other in a pH-dependent fashion, and this binding is necessary for the adhesion assay to work. Antibodies to each of the molecules show their localization at the sites of pollen tube adhesion in the style. Pollen does not produce SCA but does bind this protein in vivo and in vitro. In vivo functional analyses are necessary to establish the roles of these molecules in lily pollination.
Statistical x-ray-computed tomography image reconstruction with beam- hardening correction

This paper describes two statistical iterative reconstruction methods for X-ray CT. The first method assumes a mono-energetic model for X-ray attenuation. We approximate the transmission Poisson likelihood by a quadratic cost function and exploit its convexity to derive a separable quadratic surrogate function that is easily minimized using parallelizable algorithms. Ordered subsets are used to accelerate convergence. We apply this mono-energetic algorithm (with edge-preserving regularization) to simulated thorax X-ray CT scans. A few iterations produce reconstructed images with lower noise than conventional FBP images at equivalent resolutions. The second method generalizes the physical model and accounts for the poly-energetic X-ray source spectrum and the measurement nonlinearities caused by energy-dependent attenuation. We assume the object consists of a given number of non-overlapping tissue types. The attenuation coefficient of each tissue is the product of its unknown density and a known energy-dependent mass attenuation coefficient. We formulate a penalized-likelihood function for this poly-energetic model and develop an iterative algorithm for estimating the unknown densities in each voxel. Applying this method to simulated X-ray CT measurements of a phantom containing both bone and soft tissue yields images with significantly reduced beam hardening artifacts.
Knowing your enemy: understanding and detecting malicious web advertising

With the Internet becoming the dominant channel for marketing and promotion, online advertisements are also increasingly used for illegal purposes such as propagating malware, scamming, click frauds, etc. To understand the gravity of these malicious advertising activities, which we call malvertising, we perform a large-scale study through analyzing ad-related Web traces crawled over a three-month period. Our study reveals the rampancy of malvertising: hundreds of top ranking Web sites fell victims and leading ad networks such as DoubleClick were infiltrated.To mitigate this threat, we identify prominent features from malicious advertising nodes and their related content delivery paths, and leverage them to build a new detection system called MadTracer. MadTracer automatically generates detection rules and utilizes them to inspect advertisement delivery processes and detect malvertising activities. Our evaluation shows that MadTracer was capable of capturing a large number of malvertising cases, 15 times as many as Google Safe Browsing and Microsoft Forefront did together, at a low false detection rate. It also detected new attacks, including a type of click-fraud attack that has never been reported before.
Dietary Supplement Use by Children and Adolescents in the United States to Enhance Sport Performance: Results of the National Health Interview Survey

Dietary supplements may improve sport performance in adults. However, this has not been established in children. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported or parental-reported dietary supplement use to enhance sports performance among the child subset of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) dataset and determine national population estimates for that use. NHIS 2007 Child Alternative Medicine files containing records for children aged\18 years were used. Typical demographic variables were utilized as well as parental presence; parental education level; use of any herb, vitamin, and/or mineral use for sports performance by children; and age. Most (94.5%) who reported using supplements used multivitamin and/or mineral combinations followed by fish oil/omega-3 s, creatine, and fiber. Males were more likely users (OR = 2.1; 95% CI [1.3, 3.3]), and Whites reported greater usage. Mean user age was 10.8 (SD = 0.2) with 57.7%[10 years, indicating some increase in use with higher age categories (p\.001). Most were US born and reported living with both parents. Parents and children report child use of a wide variety of herbal and vitamin/mineral supplements to improve sports performance. Usage could be predicted by age, gender, and level of education but less likely by parent-based demographics.
Body Image and Beliefs About Appearance: Constraints on the Leisure of College-Age and Middle-Age Women

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among body image, beliefs about appearance, and leisure constraints for college-age women and their mothers. The Body-Image Assessment Scale, the Beliefs About Appearance Scale, and a hierarchical leisure constraints scale were used to assess body image concerns, and leisure constraints. A convenience sample of 116 female students at a private American university and 76 of their mothers was utilized. Multiple regression and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Findings suggested that body image and beliefs about appearance pose leisure constraints for college-age and middle-age women. Findings also suggested that mothers' body image and beliefs about appearance were related to daughters' beliefs about appearance.
Asset price modeling: decision aids for scheduling and hedging (DASH) in deregulated electricity markets: a stochastic programming approach to power portfolio optimization

The DASH model for Power Portfolio Optimization provides a tool which helps decision-makers coordinate production decisions with opportunities in the wholesale power market. The methodology is based on a stochastic programming model which selects portfolio positions that perform well on a variety of scenarios generated through statistical modeling and optimization. When compared with a commonly used fixed-mix policy, our experiments demonstrate that the DASH model provides significant advantages over several fixed-mix policies.
Adoption of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in the state of Washington.

Objective To examine state-wide trends in adoption of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). Open radical nephrectomy and LRN confer equivalent long-term oncological outcomes, yet LRN usage has not increased analogous to diffusion of laparoscopy in other fields. Material and Methods From the Washington State Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System, we identified patients who underwent ORN and LRN from 1998 to 2007. Number of LRNs was examined for each hospital state-wide. Length of stay outcomes were examined, and multivariate models were created to examine characteristics of LRN patients and of patients who received care at high-volume LRN hospitals (HiLap). Results The proportion of nephrectomies performed laparoscopically increased 27%. In 1998, 7 hospitals (12%) performed ≥1 LRN compared with 36 hospitals (61%) in 2007. Four HiLap hospitals accounted for 61% of the increase in LRN from 1998-2002, and 36% of the increase overall. Women (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.00-1.33) and healthier patients (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.28-1.82 for patients with Charlson 0 vs ≥2) were more likely to undergo LRN. Mean length of stay for nephrectomies was shorter at HiLap hospitals (P = .04 for 1998-2002, P <.001 for 2003-2007). Conclusions Uptake of LRN in Washington state parallels national trends; however, the proportion of LRN is lower than expected. A handful of hospitals account for the majority of the increase in LRN. The quality of nephrectomy care may be better at these centers. Barriers exist that prevent LRN adoption even after a trial case. Dissemination of the processes or personnel associated with use of LRN may increase the proportion of patients undergoing LRN.
Tetraaqua[2,6-diacetylpyridinedi(acetic acid hydrazone)]yttrium(III) nitrate trihydrate. Synthesis, crystal structure and 89Y, 13C, 1H NMR

The synthesis, crystal structure, and 89Y, 13C, and 1H NMR spectra of tetraaqua[2,6-diacetylpyridinedi(acetic acid hydrazone)]yttrium(III) nitrate trihydrate, [Y(H2dapaah)(H2O4)4]3+ 3NO−3·3H2O (1). the first reported complex of YIII with a planar pentadentate ligand is presented. The YIII ion coordinates to the pyridyl nitrogen, the two hydrazone nitrogens, and the two carbonyl oxygens of the pentadentate ligannd and three water molecules above and one below the ligand plane to give a nine-coordinated complex. The geometry around the YIII is a slightly distorted tricapped trigonal prism. The 89Y chemical shift was determined to provide additional data on the relationship of the chemical shift to the coordination polyhedron for Y complexes since 89Y NMR has been suggested as a probe for biological systems. The 89Y spectrum shows a peak at + 1.53 ppm from the YCl3 standard, one of the smallest chemical shifts relative to the standard reported to date and is the first example where the YIII is coordinated to a neutral ligand.
Spontaneous rupture of an infantile umbilical hernia with intestinal evisceration

Infantile umbilical hernia is a clinically benign condition that resolves spontaneously in majority of cases without surgical treatment. Complications like rupture are exceptionally rare. This report presents a previously healthy 8-month old infant who had spontaneous umbilical hernia rupture with evisceration and identifies the clinical features associated with this complication by including a review of previously reported cases.
Brighter than the sun: Rajni Govindjee at 80 and her fifty years in photobiology

We celebrate distinguished photobiologist Rajni Govindjee for her pioneering research in photosynthesis and retinal proteins on the occasion of her 80th birthday.
A Brine Seep at the East Flower Garden Bank, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Dissolution of Triassic-Jurassic, intrusive salt deposits within 150 m of the sea floor produces a hypersaline brine seep (∼200 0/00) at 71 m water depth on the East Flower Garden Bank. The anoxic, sulfide-rich brine supports large populations of sulfur oxidizing bacteria. Toxic effects of the brine on surrounding epifauna, infauna and fishes are limited to the brine and a very narrow surrounding zone. Leafy algae, coralline algae, foraminifers, sponges, bryozoans, anemones, polychaetes, sipunculids, amphipods and pelecypods live on the hard substratum within 2 cm of the brine-seawater interface. Sixty meters from the brine outflow, at dilutions of 50 to 1, the carbonate sand harbors polychaetes, ostracods, nematodes, amphipods, tanaidaceans, isopods, copepods, pelecypods and gastropods. Certain species of fish momentarily enter the brine and brine-seawater mixtures.
A Model of Melodic Expectation

A model of melodic expectation is proposed. The model assigns ratings to the expectedness of melodic events. The ratings depend on the hierarchic implementation of three primary factors�stability, proximity, and direction�and one secondary factor�mobility. The model explicitly links expectancy ratings to aspects of listeners� experiences of tension in melody. An approach to temporal expectations is discussed but not quantified. The model is situated within a framework for thinking about a type of schematic melodic expectations. This article assesses the position of these expectations within the broader cognitive processes invoked in listening to music. It suggests methods for investigating the expectations empirically. Additionally, it outlines connections between the theorized expectations and the dynamic, affective contours of musical experience.
Control of mechanical behavior in polyolefin composites: Integration of glassy, rubbery, and semicrystalline components

The mechanical properties of a homologous series of polyolefin block copolymers comprised of glassy poly(cyclohexylethylene) (C), elastomeric poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (P), and semicrystalline poly(ethylene) (E) are documented. Monodisperse CPEPC, CPE, and CEPEC with mass fractions wC ∼ 0.39−0.44 and 0 ≤ ξ ≤ 1, where ξ = wE /(wE + wP), were synthesized by sequential anionic polymerization of styrene, isoprene, and butadiene followed by catalytic hydrogenation. These materials hierarchically microphase separate into lamellae, within which templated crystallization-induced segregation occurs. As ξ increases, the unoriented, polydomain CPEPC materials exhibit monotonically increasing elastic moduli and yield stresses, comparable ultimate tensile strengths, and decreasing failure strains. Cold drawing the CPEPC polymers yields high-strength materials, the structures of which are examined by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Drawn CPEPC-70 (ξ = 0.70) exhibits improved toughness with an ultimate tensil...
The effects of cycloheximide and WR-1065 on radiation-induced repair processes: a mechanism for chemoprevention

The effects of cycloheximide (CHX) and 2-[(aminopropyl)-amino]ethanethiol (WR-1065), each alone or in combination, on radiation-induced mutation induction at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus and cell killing were investigated using a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) AA8 cell system. Treatment with CHX, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml administered 30 min prior to irradiation with 7.5 Gy had no effect on cell survival but did reduce the radiation-induced mutation frequency (per 10(6) survivors) from 106.5 +/- 8.8 (SEM) to 36.2 +/- 5.6 (SEM). Exposure of cells to 4 mM WR-1065 reduced the mutation frequency to 44.8 +/- 4.2 (SEM), but the combination of agents afforded no additional protection, that is 41.1 +/- 3.3 (SEM). The mechanism of action attributed to CHX in reducing mutation frequency is its ability to prevent the induction of an error-prone repair system. Split-dose radiation experiments, that is 8 Gy versus 4 Gy + 4 Gy separated by 3 h, were performed to evaluate and contrast the relative abilities of CHX and WR-1065, each alone or in combination, in affecting cell survival. Cycloheximide administered to cells 30 min before the first radiation dose and present throughout the 3 h incubation time prior to the second dose inhibited split-dose repair as evidence by a reduction in surviving fraction by 60% as compared with the value obtained for non-CHX-treated cells that were exposed to two equal doses of 4 Gy. Cells exposed to 4 mM WR-1065 immediately following the first 4 Gy radiation dose and then washed free 2.5 h before exposure to a second Gy dose, which was also followed by a 30 min exposure to WR-1065, increased the surviving fraction by 80% over the value obtained for cells not exposed to WR-1065 during their split-dose radiation treatment. When CHX treatment was combined with WR-1065 was abolished, that is surviving cell fraction was again reduced by approximately 60% as compared with untreated control groups. These results indicate that protein synthesis is required for WR-1065 to affect split-dose related repair processes. Presumably, the inhibition of the induction of an error-phone repair system by CHX would account for its effects on both resultant decreases in mutation frequency and cell survival. In contrast, WR-1065 and/or its disulfide metabolite appear to facilitate the efficacy and fidelity of such a repair system once it is induced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Distinguishing ischemic stroke from the stroke-like lesions of MELAS using apparent diffusion coefficient mapping

Abstract We report two patients with migraine, acute visual field defects and other neurological symptoms who were found to have high T2 signal and FLAIR abnormalities on brain MRI in temporal and parieto-occipital regions. In these patients, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of their lesions was increased, distinguishing these lesions from those of ischemic stroke. Both were ultimately diagnosed with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). We conclude that conventional MRI when used with diffusion-weighted MR imaging may be invaluable in detecting mitochondrial-related CNS dysfunction.
Integration of biochemical, cellular, and animal pharmacology of antineoplastic agents to design new model drug combinations for treatment of acute leukemia

Abstract An attempt was made to integrate the biochemical, cellular, and animal pharmacology of certain antineoplastic agents in order to design a model chemotherapeutic regimen that was based on scientific rationale. The agents that were chosen for this investigation were 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), and β-deoxythioguanosine (TGdR) because the biochemical interactions between these antimetabolites suggested that this drug combination would be synergistic with respect to its antineoplastic activity. The combination FUdR plus BUdR was found to be synergistic with respect to its in vitro cytotoxicity against tumor cells and its in vivo activity in mice with L1210 leukemia. When FUdR, BUdR, and TGdR were used in combination its in vitro cytotoxicity was synergistic. This 3 drug combination was not synergistic in vivo , but did produce a very potent antileukemic effect in the mice. Although more data are needed before it can be determined if this model drug combination has any future clinical application, this overall approach shows that it is possible to integrate the pharmacological data of antineoplastic agents and if used with some of the conventional antileukemic agents may possibly lead to the rational design of some very effective drug combinations for the treatment of acute leukemia.
Effects of Individual Differences on Visual Search Task Performance

Working memory capacity (WMC) is generally referred to as a quantitative measure of the ability to maintain relevant information while performing unrelated tasks (Delaney & Sahakyan, 2007). Althoug...
Stress fracture of the clavicle in a collegiate diver

Purpose This is the first reported case of a stress fracture of the clavicle in a collegiate diver. Case survey A 20-year-old collegiate platform diver developed left clavicular pain after training for several months. Radiographs and radionuclide bone scan supported a diagnosis of a stress fracture of the left midclavicle. Complete fracture healing followed a period of active rest. Discussion A literature review of clavicle stress fractures is discussed. The open-hand diving technique used by this diver for water penetration may have caused repetitive stresses to radiate up the arm to the clavicle. Relevance Stress fractures should be considered in the differential diagnosis of clavicular pain in a diver.
The Seventh Letter and the Unity of Plato's Political Philosophy

Refutant l'interpretation conventionnelle de la «Lettre VII» dans le sens d'un changement radical dans la philosophie politique de Platon, l'A. defend la these selon laquelle le texte de Syracuse retablit l'unite de la politique platonicienne, en soulignant le lien entre l'affirmation du role de la philosophie dans la vie publique, soutenue dans la «Republique», d'une part, et la recherche de la forme legale du meilleur regime politique, entreprise dans les «Lois», d'autre part.