cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
QTN-VQC: An End-to-End Learning framework for Quantum Neural Networks.

The advent of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers raises a crucial challenge to design quantum neural networks for fully quantum learning tasks. To bridge the gap, this work proposes an end-to-end learning framework named QTN-VQC, by introducing a trainable quantum tensor network (QTN) for quantum embedding on a variational quantum circuit (VQC). The architecture of QTN is composed of a parametric tensor-train network for feature extraction and a tensor product encoding for quantum embedding. We highlight the QTN for quantum embedding in terms of two perspectives: (1) we theoretically characterize QTN by analyzing its representation power of input features; (2) QTN enables an end-to-end parametric model pipeline, namely QTN-VQC, from the generation of quantum embedding to the output measurement. Our experiments on the MNIST dataset demonstrate the advantages of QTN for quantum embedding over other quantum embedding approaches.
Hablando Pa’tras: Developing Critical Conscious Bilingual Teacher Education Programs in Mexican-American/Latinophobic Times

This introduction situates the focus of this special issue within the walls of a bilingual education program where the authors examine their pedagogical and curricular practices, trajectories, and ...
Do intensive in-home services prevent placement?: A case study of Youth Villages’ Intercept® program

Abstract In this paper, we describe our assessment of whether Youth Villages’ Intercept program had a demonstrable impact on the likelihood a young person will be placed in out-of-home care given the young person was at risk of placement by virtue of having been the subject of an investigation for maltreatment. Intercept is an integrated approach to intensive in-home parenting skill development that offers a variety of evidence-based and best practices to meet the individualized needs of a family and young person. Intercept staff work with families with children who are at risk of entry into state custody (i.e. foster care) to prevent placement. Using a quasi-experimental design with exact matching, we found that Intercept did reduce the risk of placement into foster care following a maltreatment report. In addition, we found that the treatment effect was particularly strong during the first six months after maltreatment report was made. We also found sustained effects after treatment ended. The findings are considered alongside other evidence that speaks to the efficacy of placement prevention programs.
Sleep and Development: Familial and Socio-cultural Considerations

A biopsychosocial framework has guided much of our research program pertaining to children’s and adolescents’ sleep and development. In this chapter, we first present findings from studies examining sleep parameters (e.g., duration, quality) as predictors and outcomes, as well as vulnerability and protective factors across multiple domains of development (e.g., cognitive functioning, mental and physical health). The importance of transactional models and longitudinal designs is emphasized in our work. Secondly, the multi-faceted ways we have assessed children’s sleep in the context of family processes is illustrated, with a focus on family conflict. Thirdly, the importance of the broader socio-cultural milieu on children’s sleep is highlighted, with a focus on race/ethnicity (African- and European-American) and economic adversity. Finally, open scientific questions and recommendations for moving the field forward, especially those of particular relevance to family studies and child development researchers, are presented.
Tree Trimming: Four Non-Branching Rules for Priest’s Introduction to Non-Classical Logic

In An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic: From If to Is Graham Priest (2008) presents branching rules in Free Logic, Variable Domain Modal Logic, and Intuitionist Logic. I propose a simpler, non-branching rule to replace Priest’s rule for universal instantiation in Free Logic, a second, slightly modified version of this rule to replace Priest’s rule for universal instantiation in Variable Domain Modal Logic, and third and fourth rules, further modifying the second rule, to replace Priest’s branching universal and particular instantiation rules in Intuitionist Logic. In each of these logics the proposed rule leads to tableaux with fewer branches. In Intuitionist logic, the proposed rules allow for the resolution of a particular problem Priest grapples with throughout the chapter. In this paper, I demonstrate that the proposed rules can greatly simplify tableaux and argue that they should be used in place of the rules given by Priest.
Dynamics of success and failure in phage and antibiotic therapy in experimental infections

In 1982 Smith and Huggins showed that bacteriophages could be at least as effective as antibiotics in preventing mortality from experimental infections with a capsulated E. coli (K1) in mice. Phages that required the K1 capsule for infection were more effective than phages that did not require this capsule, but the efficacies of phages and antibiotics in preventing mortality both declined with time between infection and treatment, becoming virtually ineffective within 16 hours. We develop quantitative microbiological procedures that (1) explore the in vivo processes responsible for the efficacy of phage and antibiotic treatment protocols in experimental infections (the Resistance Competition Assay, or RCA), and (2) survey the therapeutic potential of phages in vitro (the Phage Replication Assay or PRA). We illustrate the application and utility of these methods in a repetition of Smith and Huggins' experiments, using the E. coli K1 mouse thigh infection model, and applying treatments of phages or streptomycin. 1) The Smith and Huggins phage and antibiotic therapy results are quantitatively and qualitatively robust. (2) Our RCA values reflect the microbiological efficacies of the different phages and of streptomycin in preventing mortality, and reflect the decline in their efficacy with a delay in treatment. These results show specifically that bacteria become refractory to treatment over the term of infection. (3) The K1-specific and non-specific phages had similar replication rates on bacteria grown in broth (based on the PRA), but the K1-specific phage had markedly greater replication rates in mouse serum.
Rights Assessment for Relational Data

Mechanisms for privacy assurances (e.g., queries over encrypted data) are essential to a viable and secure management solution for outsourced data. On a somewhat orthogonal dimension but equally important, we find the requirement to be able to assert and protect rights over such data.
Prepared Statement of Professor Mike Koehler Before the Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary - 'Examining Enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act'

This prepared statement was in connection with my November 30, 2010 testimony before the Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary in a hearing titled, "Examining Enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act." The following topics are covered: Congressional intent in enacting the FCPA; why FCPA enforcement has changed; the impact of the "new era of FCPA enforcement;" the prosecution of individuals; and FCPA enforcement and deterrence.Despite being a fundamentally sound statute, the FCPA is being enforced in this "new era of FCPA enforcement" in many fundamentally unsound ways. The issue is not whether FCPA enforcement is good or bad for any one constituency, but whether the DOJ is enforcing, in many instances, the FCPA consistent with its provisions and consistent with Congressional intent. The issue is also whether the DOJ''s rhetoric is consistent with its conduct in prosecuting the most egregious instances of corporate bribery so that FCPA enforcement deters and not yield inconsistent results and two tiers of justice. These are the issues that need to be examined and the time to examine these issues is now.
The cholinergic REM sleep induction test with pilocarpine in mildly depressed patients and normal controls

Previous studies suggested that depressed patients enter rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep more quickly than normal controls following the administration of muscarinic agonists such as arecoline or RS 86. We recently reported that pilocarpine, an orally active muscarinic agonist, induced REM sleep and reduced Stage 3 & 4 (Delta) sleep in young normal volunteers. In this study we present preliminary evidence that pilocarpine had similar effects on REM latency, REM percentage, and Delta (Stages 3 & 4) sleep percentage in depressed patients and controls. Pilocarpine, however, decreased stage-4 sleep in controls more than in depressed patients. Because this group of patients were only mildly depressed at the time of the study, had a high frequency of comorbid substance abuse diagnoses, and had normal electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep patterns under placebo conditions, further studies are necessary to test the hypothesis that depressed patients show hypersensitive cholinergic REM sleep induction.
Hepatic lesions presumably secondary to pancreatic lithiasis and atrophy; report of two cases

Experimental and clinical evidence is cited which seems to demonstrate: (1) the occurrence of fatty degeneration of the liver when there is extensive destruction of the pancreas, (2) that the absence of the hormonal substance, lipocaic, may be the inciting factor for these changes in the liver, and (3) that there may be some therapeutic use for this preparation in certain clinical cases of pancreatic disease. If this is not available, the feeding of raw pancreas and diets high in lecithin is suggested. The possible relation of fatty change to the later development of cirrhosis invites speculation.
Hybrid Wave/Mode Active Vibration Control of a Timoshenko Beam

A hybrid approach to active vibration control is described in this paper. It combines elements of both wave and mode approaches to active control and is an attempt to improve on the performance of these approaches individually. In the proposed hybrid approach, wave control is first applied at one or more points in the structure. It is designed on the basis of the local behavior of the structure and is intended to absorb vibrational energy, especially at higher frequencies. Then modal control is applied, being designed on the basis of the modified global equations of motion of the structure-plus-wave-controller. These are now normally non-self-adjoint. Because the higher order modes are relatively well damped, hybrid control improves the model accuracy and the robustness of the system and gives better broadband vibration attenuation performance. Hybrid wave/mode active vibration control is described with specific reference to the control of bending vibrations in a Timoshenko beam. The particular case considered is that of collocated, point force/sensor feedback wave control combined with modal control designed using pole placement. Numerical results are presented.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Assessing the Educational Literature in the Responsible Conduct of Research for Core Content

To determine core content for RCR instruction, content analysis was conducted using key instructional resources for ORI's nine RCR "core instructional areas". Topics discussed in these key RCR resources were identified and their frequency across resources was tabulated. Topics covered most frequently were judged to be core content. Although key educational resources cited a variety of references, specific topics and issues addressed were generally consistent across the materials examined. Nonetheless, key resources varied in organization and depth of coverage for core instructional areas. Recent resources were more systematic and comprehensive than earlier works. This was particularly evident in materials about human participant research, conflicts of interest, and data management and sharing. Key resources presented additional "non-core" issues, such as scientific values, ethical principles, creativity and objectivity, moral reasoning, genetics, epidemiological issues, and scientists' societal roles, suggesting that ORI's core instructional areas should be reconfigured or expanded. Because educational material available on RCR and professionalism was so comprehensive, we recommend that ORI consider research integrity, not research misconduct, as one core instructional area. We also recommend that compliance with research regulations be restored as a core instructional area to accentuate ethical, financial and legal requirements related to acceptance of federal funding.
Ideal and visual-search observers: accounting for anatomical noise in search tasks with planar nuclear imaging

ABSTRACT Model observers have frequently been used for hardware optimization of imaging systems. For model observersto reliably mimic human performance it is important to account for the sources of variations in the images.Detection-localization tasks are complicated by anatomical noise present in the images. Several scanning ob-servers have been proposed for such tasks. The most popular of these, the channelized Hotelling observer (CHO)incorporates anatomical variations through covariance matrices. We propose the visual-search (VS) observeras an alternative to the CHO to account for anatomical noise. The VS observer is a two-step process which rst identi es suspicious tumor candidates and then performs a detailed analysis on them. The identi cation ofsuspicious candidates (search) implicitly accounts for anatomical noise. In this study we present a comparisonof these two observers with human observers. The application considered is collimator optimization for planarnuclear imaging. Both observers show similar trends in performance with the VS observer slightly closer tohuman performance.Keywords: Nuclear Medicine, Planar Imaging, Model Observers, Visual Search, Image Quality, Collimators
Nanoscale functionalization and site-specific assembly of colloids by particle lithography.

Numerous studies have demonstrated the bottom-up assembly of complex structures such as colloidal crystals, close-packed aggregates, and even rings and tetramers. In this paper we produce a simple localized and nanoscale charge distribution on the surfaces of individual colloidal microspheres using our technique of “particle lithography”. In this technique parts of the microspheres are masked off, while polyelectrolytes (or other molecules) cover the remaining portions of the microspheres. The effectiveness of this process is demonstrated by the accurate and reproducible production of colloidal heterodoublets composed of oppositely charged microspheres. These “colloidal molecules” have the potential for significantly higher information content than previous attempts in the literature. The particle lithography technique is advantageous because it is not limited by the resolution of photolithography or by functionalizing chemistries, and the technique opens the door for complex site-specific functionalizati...
Direct optical sensing of underwater sound fields: naval applications

Control of underwater noise radiated by naval vessels relies on two factors. First, ship design for quiet operation, and second, provision of additional control features to monitor and manage the acoustic signature according to operational requirements. While the first is the most crucial factor, the second gains in significance when quiet to ultra-quiet operation is required. Self-monitoring of farfield acoustic signature is inherently problematic because of the difficulty in providing real-time information on radiated sound at large distances from the vessel. A variety of less direct, but currently more effective methods may be employed. However, the one proposed here is based on direct optical sensing of underwater sound through laser Doppler velocimetry in the acoustic nearfield of a vessel. The merits and shortcomings of the technique are discussed, including some of the problems contributing to the presently poor signal-to-noise ratio. While it appears that the technique may be feasible at low frequencies of 10 to less than 1000 Hz, some serious noise limitation such as those due to Brownian diffusive motion need to be overcome first.
The ambiguous nature of clinical training and its impact on the development of student clinicians.

This article, written from the perspective of a graduate-level clinician, examines the ambiguous nature of clinical work with particular focus on the anxiety it creates for psychology graduate students and the role it plays in fostering the development of critical thinking skills and confidence in c
Management of acute coronary syndrome in the hospital: a focus on ACCF/AHA guideline updates to oral antiplatelet therapy.

AbstractThe 3 main clinical manifestations of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are unstable angina, non–ST-segment myocardial infarction, and ST-segment myocardial infarction. Together they comprise a major cause of emergency care and hospitalization in the United States. Consequently, all hospital-based physicians should be familiar with current recommendations regarding the diagnosis and management of ACS. Effective inhibition of platelet activation and aggregation is central to the treatment of ACS, and dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor is recommended in all patients with ACS. Recently, the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation published focused updates to their guidelines for the management of ACS patients. These updates included changes in antiplatelet therapy arising from the introduction of prasugrel and ticagrelor as alternatives to clopidogrel for the P2Y12 inhibitor component of dual antiplatelet therapy. Among the P2Y12 inhibitors recom...
A modeling study of flow and heat transfer in an electric melter

Abstract A three-dimensional mathematical model was used to calculate flow and heat transfer in electric melting of a flint glass in an industrial scale melter. Calculations were performed for side- and bottom-entering electrodes. Results on rate of heat release, velocity, temperature, and residence time distribution were used to examine the influence of electrode orientation. The residence time distribution was obtained by solving the transient response to a step change in the tracer concentration. The results indicate that the electrode orientation had a significant effect on velocity and temperature distribution, mostly in the planes which contained the electrodes. In these planes it was observed that with the bottom-entering electrodes, the downward glass velocity near the wall was 10 to 20 times larger, but the side-entering electrodes resulted in a more uniform temperature distribution. In planes not containing electrodes, the overall flow pattern and temperature distribution were similar. Both cases were characterized by a high level of mixing and had very similar residence time distributions.
Gas turbine regenerators: A method for selecting the optimum plate-finned surface pair for minimum core volume

Abstract A power law approximation for the Kays-London heat exchanger data as modified by Soland is used to derive a closed form solution for sizing counterflow regenerators. This solution is used to develop criteria for obtaining the minimum volume heat exchanger. These criteria are: (1) select a surface with minimum plate spacing for use on the cold side; (2) list other available surfaces with plate spacings approximately equal to the cold side plate spacing; (3) select from this list the surface with the minimum hydraulic diameter for use on the hot side.
Evaluation and interpretation of the crop water stress index for well-watered potatoes

During the 1988, 1989 and 1990 growing seasons, canopy and air temperatures, solar and net radiation, relative humidity and wind speed were measured at 10 minute intervals during daytime hours in a field of wellwatered Russet Burbank potatoes in southeast Idaho. A linear relationship between canopy temperature minus air temperature and vapor pressure deficit (TC-TA = 0.2 -2.0 VPD) was developed for use in the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI). Values of CWSI for well-watered potatoes were generally in the -0.4 to 0.4 range, and exhibited a diurnal trend of decreasing values towards midday and increasing values during the afternoon. Wind speed appeared to increase the CWSI and may account for some of the observed variability.
First-Principles Studies of Ta 2 O 5 Polymorphs

Using density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximations (GGA) and the projector-augmented wave method, we have investigated the structure, energetics, elastic tensors, and mechanical properties of four crystalline forms of Ta${}_{2}$O${}_{5}$ with exact stoichiometry as well as a model amorphous structure. We have also constructed a virtual crystal potential to address partial oxygen occupancy and compared it to models of explicit oxygen vacancies and of the oxygen-rich system. Our calculations show that mechanical properties of these polymorphs are highly anisotropic. By comparison with experimental data, we find that all crystalline phases and the simulated amorphous phase have a Young's modulus higher than the amorphous thin film that is probed experimentally, but the variation among crystalline structures is as high as a factor of 2. Electronic properties of three Ta${}_{2}$O${}_{5}$ polymorphs have been calculated using a hybrid DFT and explicit exchange functional method that improves the gap size compared to that obtained by GGA. We suggest that further experimental measurements on tantala crystals are needed to understand the physical properties of this important material.
Comparison of solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction for analyzing mixtures of polymorphs of neotame

Polymorphism is defined as the ability of a compound to adopt two or more conformations and/or arrangements in its crystalline state. Polymorphism and pseudopolymorphism (i.e., a change in solvatio...
Family-centered care: a resource for social work in end-of-life and palliative care.

Abstract Recent trends in medicine reflect an attempt to be more patient-centered and while this is progress from the disease- or provider-focused model familiar in healthcare, the experiences and contributions of family as caregivers continue to be overlooked in some settings. The family-centered care model, developed most notably in pediatrics, but emerging in HIV, cancer, and aging, is presented as a resource to increase family involvement at the end of life. In this paper, family-centered care is defined, caregiving trends including support needs of formal and informal caregivers are discussed, and barriers to family-centered services are identified. Reintroducing family into the focus of care at the end of life is the primary goal of this paper. The family-centered model of care offers an appropriate framework for understanding the value of family in end-of-life care and fits well with social work perspectives that understand individuals in the context of their family system and greater environment.
Development of a Treatment Process for Electrodialysis Reversal Concentrate with Intermediate Softening and Secondary Reverse Osmosis to Approach 98-Percent Water Recovery

AbstractThe United States Army is constructing a new water-treatment facility for Fort Irwin/National Training Center in the Mojave Desert region of southern California to address existing regulatory requirements and to account for anticipated expansion at the installation. The proposed treatment, electrodialysis reversal (EDR), is anticipated to recover 92% of the influent water. The ultimate goal was to achieve 99% recovery, which required additional recovery of the EDR concentrate. This paper describes laboratory testing of conventional water-treatment methods to achieve water recovery beyond standard practice. The effectiveness of lime softening followed by secondary reverse osmosis (RO) was evaluated to treat the concentrate stream and recover additional water to approach 98%. Partial lime softening at dosages of 500−2,000 mg/L of hydrated lime was capable of removing hardness from simulated EDR concentrate. Adding magnesium chloride to the lime softening step increased silica removal, bringing SiO2...
The mass spectra of 2‐alkyl N‐methyl pyrrolidines

The mass spectra of a series of 2-alkyl N-methyl pyrrolidines have been examined and fragments which may be pyrrole type structures are apparent. These ions are most prominent in the spectra of the long chain alkyl derivatives.
An improved Space-Charge model for flow through charged microporous membranes

The Space-Charge model is modified to better analyze the steady-state electrohydrodynamic behavior of aqueous monovalent electrolytes in charged microporous membranes. The effects of changes in solvent dielectric constant near the wall, ion hydration effects, finite ion sizes, and charge regulating surface effects, are incorporated into the governing electrohydrodynamic equations (i.e., Navier-Stokes (NSE), Nernst-Planck (NPE), and Poisson-Boltzmann (PBE) equations). Their effect on streaming potential, pore conductivity, excess conductivity, and maximum energy conversion efficiency for electro-osmosis is illustrated. It is shown that the dielectric saturation and ion hydration effects cause significant changes in the electric potential field and ion concentration inside the capillary tubes. Quantitative comparisons of model results with measured electrokinetic data reveal better agreement when compared with the existing model.
Quinoline alkaloids from Camptotheca acuminata

Abstract From the seeds of Camptotheca acuminata a biogenetically novel, cytotoxic, quinoline alkaloid 22-hydroxyacuminatine was isolated, its carbon framework established by spectral analysis. 19-Hydroxymappicine was also characterized.
Herpes simplex virus-IgM specific antibodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome and encephalitis.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has veen associated with a variety of inflammatory neurologic disorders. Recently we studied a patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) following acute herpes vaginalis infection. Since IgM virus-specific antibody is thought to be a reliable indicator of acute viral infection, we employed a 2-h serologic assay for serum IgM antibodies to HSV using an indirect immunofluorescent technique. This patient demonstrated high serum IgM titers to HSV type 2 during the acute phase of her neurologic syndrome. The titer dropped substantially as convalescence progressed. A search for similar elevations in HSV-IgM specific antibody was made on sera from more than 70 other GBS patients. No other significant IgM antibody titers to either HSV type 1 or type 2 were found in this GBS series and a large number of neurologic controls. However, sera from two patients with a presumptive diagnosis of acute herpes encephalitis based on clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings were positive, showing high titers in our test. The results of this study suggest that associated acute HSV infection is uncommon in GBS and an immunofluorescent seroassay of the type reported here may be a valuable noninvasive technique enabling the clinical laboratory to rapid confirm a diagnosis of herpes encephalitis.
Operational history of stainless steel, TiC, TiB2, and boron limiters in the ISX-B tokamak☆

Abstract For the past eighteen months a variety of low-Z coatings have been tested for service as limiters in both ohmically-heated and beam-heated ISX-B plasmas. To date TiC, TiB 2 , and B coatings on a graphite substrate have been examined with TiC providing the best results of the three. The history of these materials in ISX-B is reviewed and compared with previously used stainless steel limiters with particular emphasis on machine performance.
Organization and function of the ORIs sequence in the genome of EHV-1 DI particles.

Abstract Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) cultures enriched for defective interfering particles (DIP) mediate oncogenic transformation and persistent infection in permissive hamster embryo fibroblasts. We have recently demonstrated that an origin of replication (ORI) is located within the central portion (map units 0.828 and 0.948) of the inverted repeat sequence (IRs) of the short region of the standard EHV-1 genome. In the generation of the genome of EHV-1 DI particles, sequences from this internal portion of the IRs recombine with sequences at the long region terminus at nucleotides 3244–3251. In this paper we report that the ORI s sequence is precisely conserved in the DIP genome, that direct repeat sequences near the ORI s sequence which may enhance DNA replication are mutated in the DIP genome, and that the ORI sequence of DIP DNA is functional in DNA replication assays.
Inhaled nitric oxide prior to transcatheter embolization of pulmonary AVM in a child with hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Abstract A girl weighing 26 kg came with a one-day history of progressive hypoxia. Physical examination was significant for clubbing, cyanosis, and tachypnea. Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) was administered at 20 ppm to selectively dilate pulmonary vessels as a temporizing treatment for refractory hypoxemia. A chest CT demonstrated a left lower lobe AVM. On the third day of admission, a pulmonary angiogram and embolization was performed by interventional radiology. At the end of the procedure, PaO 2 /FiO 2 increased to 330 from 40, and the angiographic run demonstrated a 70% reduction in the size of the AVM.
Analytical performance and clinical efficacy of three routine procedures for LDL cholesterol measurement compared with the ultracentrifugation–dextran sulfate–Mg2+ method

Abstract The diagnosis and management of adults with hypercholesterolemia in the US are largely based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration. In order to classify someone correctly into the National Cholesterol Education Program cut-points, LDL-C must be measured with a total error of ≤12%. We examined simultaneously the analytical and clinical performance of two homogeneous LDL-C assays (LDL-CRD, Roche Diagnostics and LDL-CGZ, Genzyme) and the Friedewald calculation (LDL-CFried). These assays correlated highly with the ultracentrifugation–dextran sulfate–Mg2+ method (LDL-CRD: r=0.962, y=1.029x−0.48 mmol/l, n=134; LDL-CGZ: r=0.961, y=0.986x−0.12 mmol/l, n=134; LDL-CFried: r=0.960, y=1.017x−0.18 mmol/l, n=115). The total error requirement was met by the LDL-CGZ assay at all clinical decision cut-points, whereas the LDL-CRD assay met this requirement only at LDL-C concentrations of 4.92 mmol/l. The LDL-CFried failed to meet the total error requirement, because the compounded imprecision of the three independent tests required for this calculation was high. Both, the LDL-CGZ and the LDL-CRD assays appeared to be only slightly affected by increasing triglycerides. At the medical decision cut-point range, the LDL-CRD, LDL-CGZ and LDL-CFried assays showed positive predictive values of 89–100, 85–100 and 83–99%, respectively, and negative predictive values of 52–98, 77–98 and 68–98%, respectively. The homogeneous assays provide clinical laboratories with the means to measure LDL-C in hypertriglyceridemic samples and could have a role in the diagnosis and management of hyperlipidemic patients.
Discursive and Somatic Intentionality: Merleau-Ponty Contra ‘McDowell or Sellars’

AbstractHere I show that Sellars’ radicalization of the Kantian distinction between concepts and intuitions is vulnerable to a challenge grounded in Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of embodiment. Sellars argues that Kant’s concept of ‘intuition’ is ambiguous between singular demonstrative phrases and sense-impressions. In light of the critique of the Myth of the Given, Sellars argues, in the ‘Myth of Jones’, that sense-impression are theoretical posits. I argue that Merleau-Ponty offers a way of understanding perceptual activity which successfully avoids both the Myth of the Given and the Myth of Jones. I also argue that Merleau-Ponty’s approach provides an alternative to McDowell’s critique of Sellars. Merleau-Ponty shows, first, that perceptual activity can be characterized as having a unity and structure of its own which is importantly different from that of concepts; secondly, that the unity and structure of perception can be revealed phenomenologically rather than as a theoretical posit.
Approximate method of mask flatness factor in focus deviation

Recent integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing processes require smaller critical dimension (CD) in order to facilitate the development of exposure tools with a higher numerical aperture (NA) and shorter wavelength. Consequently, the depth of focus (DOF) has considerably decreased, and the DOF currently required for 45-nm node devices is approximately 150 nm. Hence, the contribution of mask flatness to the total DOF increases. Inoue et al. systematically and precisely investigated the influence of mask flatness by using a free-standing plate and chucked plate interferometer. 1,2 In this study, we fabricated several back side chrome (BSC) masks for focus monitoring, determined the flatness of these masks by an exposure experiment, and compared the flatness with that directly determined by using a free-standing plate interferometer. Thus, we verified the possibility of predicting the mask flatness component on an image plane by using the mask flatness data obtained using the interferometer.
IMP-8 observations of traveling compression regions: New evidence for near-Earth plasmoids and neutral lines

An examination of IMP-8 tail lobe magnetic field measurements has been conducted to determine whether the traveling compression region (TCR) phenomena detected by ISEE-3 in the distant geotail, and believed to be caused by tailward moving plasmoids, are present closer to the earth. The study produced 16 examples of TCRs at distances of X = -31 to -37 R(E). For two events considered in detail, TCRs were observed in close association with substorm growth phase signatures in the lobes. The lengths of these TCRs are estimated to be 8-12 R(E). The conclusion is that the IMP-8 TCR observations provide new evidence that small plasmoids and, hence, multiple reconnection neutral lines can sometimes exist earthward of X = -35 R(E).
Stress intensity factor approximate formulae for uniform crack arrays in pressurized or autofrettaged cylinders

Abstract The presently available large number of stress intensity factor (SIF) values for uniform arrays of radial cracks, emanating from the bore of partially or fully autofrettaged cylindrical pressure vessels, results from extensive research into the fatigue and fracture processes of these vessels. The data consist of more than 400 values for K I P , the SIF due to internal pressure, for different crack arrays and for a wide range of crack lengths, as well as more than 200 values for K I A , the negative SIF due to the compressive residual stress field induced by the autofrettage process, for different configurations of crack arrays and various levels of autofrettage. A detailed analysis of all the data herein reveals that any of the above results pertains to only one of two possible categories designated “sparse crack arrays”, or “dense crack arrays”. While for sparse arrays both K I P and K I A are directly proportional to the crack length, l , in the dense case, they depend primarily on the inter-crack spacing, d , and are practically crack length independent. Furthermore, the inter-crack aspect ratio, l d , is found to be the sole parameter determining to which of the two categories each case belongs. Based on these results, and using a least-squares approach, SIF approximate formulae for K I P and K I A for sparse and dense crack arrays are developed, yielding simple expressions of very good engineering accuracy which are applicable to the whole gamut of existing results.
Alcohol Use Among Rural Middle School Students: Adolescents, Parents, Teachers, and Community Leaders’ Perceptions*

BACKGROUND: Although rural adolescents use of alcohol is at some of the highest rates nationally, rural adolescent alcohol use has not been studied extensively. This study examines how community attitudes and behaviors are related to adolescent drinking in rural environments. METHODS: Data were gathered in 22 rural communities in the Upper Midwest (North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming). Surveys were collected from 1424 rural sixth- to eighth-grade adolescents and 790 adults, including parents, teachers, and community leaders. Census data were also collected. RESULTS: Drinkers differed from nondrinkers by the following factors: higher perceptions of peer, parental, and overall community drinking, as well as lower levels of parental closeness and religiosity. Factors distinguishing binge and nonbinge drinkers were increased drinking to reduce stress, drinking to fit in, perceptions of peer drinking, and perceived lack of alternatives to drinking. Parents were significantly less likely to perceive adolescent alcohol use as a problem than other community adults; school officials were most likely to perceive it as a problem. Parental perceptions were also the least correlated to actual adolescent use, while adolescent perceptions were the most highly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Community fac tors such as overall prevalence of drinking, community support, and controls against drinking are important predictors of reported use in early adolescence. School officials were more likely to view adolescent alcohol use as a problem than were parents. School officials' perceptions of adolescent use were also more related to actual adolescent use than were parental perceptions of adolescent use. Language: en
Soil Organic Carbon Trends Over 100 Years in the Morrow Plots

Soil organic carbon (SOC) has been monitored for more than 100 yr in The Morrow Plots at the University of Illinois. From 1904 to 1955, SOC in the top 15 cm of soil decreased in unfertilized plots, but decreased less or remained the same in plots with added manure+lime+phosphate (MLP). A chemical fertilizer treatment (LNPK) was added in 1955, and in 1968, the corn (Zea mays L.)-oat (Avena sativa L.) rotation was converted to corn-soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), and a second LNPK treatment (LhiNPK) was added with a higher N rate. From 1968 through 1998, SOC values declined by 15 to 19% in LhiNPK, LNPK, and MLP in the corn-soybean rotation and by 8% in one LNPK treatment in corn-oat-hay, but not in other treatments. Soil organic carbon values from 2007-2008 deviated by only 0.2 g C kg -1 from values projected using regressions from the 1968 to 1998 period. While SOC was lost from the surface soil of unfertilized plots with continuous residue removal during the first half of the 20th century, SOC trends since then are inconsistent, and appear to be inversely correlated to beginning SOC levels. Over all rotations and treatments, SOC loss averaged only 1.1 g C kg -1 from 1955 to 2008. While no conclusion regarding residue removal effects on SOC is possible, it is clear that adequate nutrient levels are important in maintaining SOC levels.
Natural convection along a vertical wavy surface

Application d'une methode de transformation a l'etude de la convection naturelle le long de surfaces verticales irregulieres. Utilisation d'une surface sinusoidale comme exemple specifique afin de demontrer les avantages de la methode de transformation et afin de mieux comprendre le mecanisme de transfert de chaleur au voisinage de telles surfaces. Resultats numeriques montrant que la frequence du taux de transfert de chaleur local est double de celle de la surface ondulee
Correlation of false negative myocardial infarct scintigraphy with postmortem studies

Negative myocardial infarct scintigrams with 99mtechnetium stannous pyrophosphate (99mTc-PYP) were obtained in two patients with acute massive transmural infarct. Both patients died soon after scintigraphy. Because necropsy was performed within hours after death, we were able to correlate the distribution of the tracer within the acutely infarcted tissue with the myocardial scintigram. The clinical implication is that a single myocardial scintigram may be grossly inaccurate in detecting and quantifying infarct size. The scintigraphic findings should always be correlated with the electrocardiographic and enzymatic findings in evaluating patients with possible myocardial infarct.
Decision-Making and Risk-Taking Behavior in Lunar Landing

Model-based simulation and human subject experiments can be used to develop quantitative methods for analyzing the human-automation task allocation of a system early in the design process. An integral part of the human-system model is a representation of human decision-making and risk-taking behavior. These behaviors were investigated in a lunar landing human subject experiment. Subjects were asked to select a landing aim point that was near both a point of interest and hazardous region. It was expected that the placement of the landing aim point would vary with the probability of manual versus automatic flight and whether estimated touchdown dispersions were remembered by the subjects from earlier in the experiment or presented graphically on scatter plots. The experiment found that subjects did systematically modify the placement of landing aim points. Further, presenting landing dispersions graphically allowed subjects to compensate for touchdown deviations in both risk-critical and non-risk critical d...
Contiguity and edge characteristics of wetlands in five coastal counties of north Carolina, USA

Wetland contiguity and edge were determined with a geographic information system (GIS) for five coastal counties in North Carolina. USA. The digital database was created from wetlands digitized from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wetlands Inventory maps. The GIS analysis was based on three classes of information: 1) all wetlands as one class; 2) wetlands separated by dominant vegetative community type (e.g., forest, shrub, or marsh); and 3) forest and shrub wetlands further separated by dominant vegetation (e.g., evergreen, deciduous, or mixed). The contiguity analysis supports the perception that the lower coastal plain counties are dominated by large contiguous wetlands When wetlands were clumped into one class, the number of wetlands >1,000 ha ranged from 2 to 7 and the area accounted for 77 to 96% of the total wetland area. Several of those sites were > 100,000 ha in size. When wetlands were separated into more specific classes, the number of sites < 10 ha ranged from 416 to 3,370, but the wetland area in this size class was < 5% of the total wetland area. The average size of evergreen forest and shrub wetlands was typically much greater than deciduous forest and shrub wetlands a reflection of the configuration of large, block pocosin wetlands. Percent edge was also typically lower for the evergreen forest and shrub wetlands than for deciduous forest and shrub wetlands. The counties with the highest, number of wetland sites in transition to other uses have the most land owned by private timber companies. Contiguity analysis of wetlands with GIS provides landscape-scale information for natural resource management issues such as preserve design, habitat fragmentation, rare species management, and species migration opportunities.
On the Dependence Structure of Certain Multi-dimensional Ito Processes and Corresponding Hitting Times

A direct approach to derive dependence properties among components of multi-dimensional stochastic processes has been discussed by N. Ebrahimi (1994, J. Multivariate Anal.50, 55?67). Dependence properties among hitting times involving multi-dimensional stochastic processes has been initiated by N. Ebrahimi (1987, J. Appl. Probab.24, 115?122) and explored further by N. Ebrahimi and T. Ramalingham (1988, J. Appl. Probab.25, 355?362; 1989, J. Appl. Probab.26, 287?295). Let X(t)=(X1(t), ?, Xk(t)) be an Ito process assuming values in Rk. In this article, under certain conditions, we show that the process X(t) has a certain dependence structure. We also consider the first passage problem involving X(t) and discuss the dependence structure among hitting times of X1(t), ?, and Xk(t).
Mobile Source Air Toxic Emissions: Sensitivity to Traffic Volume, Fleet Composition, and Average Speed

This study used a new emissions modeling tool, CT-EMFAC, to assess the sensitivity of mobile source air toxic (MSAT) emissions to changes in traffic volumes, speeds, and fleet composition. In addition, the choice of the speed calculation method, which is usually part of a postprocessing technique, was analyzed. The investigation employed a hypothetical 6.7-mi freeway segment located in southern California; activity data were derived from comparable real-world information obtained from the California Department of Transportation. Results show that emissions more than doubled in 2004 and increased by a factor of two to four in 2030 when traffic volumes increased 30% above base case conditions. The nonlinear shift in emissions was a function of decreased travel speeds and increased grams per mile emission rates that accompanied increased traffic volumes. Fleet composition (the proportion of trucks) was also shown to affect MSAT emissions, especially for diesel particulate matter and aldehydes. Under some scenarios, the choice of the speed calculation method had a greater effect on MSAT emissions than 26 years of fleet turnover. The analysis also showed that the type of speed calculation method used could result in large variations in MSAT emissions. Application of one speed calculation method resulted in calculated congested freeway speeds that did not fall below 10 mph. The speed calculation method chosen was highly influential in the 2030 case study when forecasted volumes reached levels at which speeds approached the 10 mph minimum allowed by the speed calculation method; this probably underpredicted emissions.
Pitch Distributions in Korean Court Music: Evidence Consistent with Tonal Hierarchies

Preliminary evidence from three recorded samples of music for p9iri suggests that a tonal hierarchy may exist in traditional Korean court music. After a simple transposition, two of the three works studied exhibited similar scale intervals, similar phrase-ending tones, and similar tone-duration distributions (or "key profiles"). A third sample work proved more equivocal. The results are consistent with earlier studies of Balinese music (Kessler, Hansen, & Shepard. 1984) and North Indian music (Castellano, Bharucha, & Krumhansl, 1984) concerning the existence of genre- related tonal hierarchies.
Can a complete primary repair approach be applied to cloacal exstrophy

Purpose: Surgical reconstruction for children with cloacal exstrophy remains challenging. The operative approach to cloacal exstrophy has expanded with the addition of the complete primary exstrophy repair. We assessed the safety and efficacy of complete primary exstrophy repair for this complex condition.Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of children treated from birth for cloacal exstrophy between March 1, 1994 and January 1, 2003 at our institution. We evaluated associated anomalies, method of closure, complications and urinary continence.Results: Seven patients with cloacal exstrophy were initially treated at our institution. One mortality occurred before complete primary exstrophy repair was attempted. Six patients were converted to a classic exstrophy appearance and underwent closure using complete primary exstrophy repair principles within 7 to 182 days (mean 68, median 32) postoperatively. Postoperative development of moderate hydronephrosis was seen in 1 patient and severe...
BOOTSTRAP CONDITIONS FROM THE VENEZIANO REPRESENTATION.

A set of self-consistency conditions for ratios of hadron-hadron-hadron coupling constants is derived from the Veneziano model for scattering amplitudes and some simple assumptions. This set includes the crossing-matrix condition of the static meson-baryon model and the condition that the absence of resonances in exotic states implies a cancellation from Regge trajectories of opposite signatures. For simplicity, the spins of the external mesons and baryons are neglected. The conditions require that the particles correspond to representations of a Lie group, and that only certain sets of representations are allowed. The relation to previous bootstrap models is discussed. An illustrative solution corresponding to $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ is obtained.