cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bathymetric Map of the Gorda Plate: Structural and Geomorphological Processes Inferred from Multibeam Surveys

Full-coverage multibeam bathymetric maps of the southern section of the Juan de Fuca Plate, also known as the Gorda Plate, are presented. The bathymetric maps represent the compilation of multibeam surveys conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration during the last 20 yrs, and illustrate the complex tectonic, volcanic, and geomorphologic features as well as the intense deformation occurring within this region. The bathymetric data have revealed several major, previously unmapped midplate faults. A series of gently curving faults are apparent in the Gorda Plate, with numerous faults offsetting the Gorda Plate seafloor. The multibeam surveys have also provided a detailed view of the intense deformation occurring within the Gorda Plate. A preliminary deformation model estimated from basement structure is discussed, where the southern part of the plate (south of ∼42°30′ N) seems to be deforming through a series of left-lateral strike-slip faults, while the northern section appears to be moving passively with the rest of the Juan de Fuca Plate. The bathymetry also demonstrates the Mendocino and Eel Canyons are prominent morphologic features in the northern California margin. These canyons are active depositional features with a large sediment fan present at the mouths of both the Mendocino and Eel canyons. The depositional lobes of these fan(s) are evident in the bathymetry, as are the turbidite channels that have deposited sediment along the fans over time. The Trinidad Canyon is readily evident in the margin morphology as well, with a large (∼10 km) plunge pool formed at the mouth of the canyon as it enters the Gorda Plate sediments.
Accreditation of Clinical Psychology Training Programs

Professional psychology has responded to both governmental and the public's need for assuring quality of clinical psychology training. Accreditation criteria are the only recognized mechanisms to assure quality and essential for professional psychology and clinical psychology to remain on equal footing with other health professions. The American Psychological Association's Commission on Accreditation (CoA) accredits doctoral programs of various models, internships, and postdoctoral programs. The Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System accredits exclusively clinical psychological science programs. Challenges for accreditation reflect the conflict in higher education based upon friction between academic freedom and mandated standards for quality. There is increased emphasis in accreditation on the achievement of outcomes that are consistent with quality professional practice. The CoA is addressing current challenges and dissatisfactions with accreditation and embarking upon a revision of the Guidelines and Principles for Accreditation to address the increased emphasis on competencies among many contemporary forces impacting clinical psychology training. Keywords: practice in clinical psychology; accreditation; health; health professions; licensure; training
Biotechnology: Science of the New Millennium - Technology Based Programs at Thomas Jefferson University (LB115)

A recent trend in molecular life science education at the associates, undergraduate and master’s levels has been the introduction of a variety of Biotechnology (BT) degree majors. Often these have evolved as offshoots of existing chemistry or biology curricula. At Thomas Jefferson University, we have designed novel, hands-on, industry-oriented programs in Biotechnology. This report details factors contributing to the successful development of these programs, whose goal is to prepare students to hit the ground running as “entry level scientists”. Components which were found to be significant to this endeavor included: (i) development of a highly-hands on based curriculum; (ii) incorporation of practical rotations; (iii) design of instruments to assess technical competency; (iv) establishment of articulations with neighboring community colleges offering AS-BT degrees; and (v) promotion of “biotechnology” as a major for students interested in science-based careers. Outcomes analyses suggest that a competency...
Loss of Rb activates both p53-dependent and independent cell death pathways in the developing mouse nervous system.

Abstract Extensive apoptosis occurs in the nervous system of mouse embryos homozygous mutant for a targeted disruption of the retinoblastoma (Rb) gene. This cell death is present in both the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) and is associated with abnormal S phase entry of normally post-mitotic neurons. Aberrant proliferation in the CNS correlates with increased free E2F DNA binding activity and increased expression of cyclin E, an E2F target gene and critical cell cycle regulator. Cell death in the CNS is accompanied by increased levels of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product and increased expression of the p53 target gene, p21Waf-1/Cip-1. However, induction of p53 is not observed in the PNS of Rb-mutant embryos, nor does loss of p53 function inhibit cell death in the PNS. Surprisingly, p21Waf-1/Cip-1 is induced in the sensory ganglia of Rb-mutant embryos in a p53-independent manner. Although loss of p53 gene function prevents cell death in the CNS of Rb-mutant embryos, it does not restore normal proliferative control.
Phonetic Representation and Speech Synthesis by Rule

Publisher Summary While a computer model of performance in speech production is certainly conceivable, the title of the seminar, “Speech Synthesis Programs as Models of Speech Production,” seems incorrect as a characterization of existing systems for synthesis of speech by rule. Insofar as these systems have had more than the purely pragmatic goal of converting written utterances into spoken utterances, the objective has been a more modest one, but one that is nonetheless directly related to the theme of this Symposium, “The Cognitive Representation of Speech.” The objective has been to elucidate the nature of the phonetic representation shared by speaker and hearer (and recorded, after a fashion, in a conventional phonetic transcription) and the relationship of this representation to physical events. A simulation of the mental activity underlying actual speech production would be a far more ambitious project, though one well worth attempting. Synthesis-by-rule has also, of course, considered other interesting questions: the relationship of the conventional orthography to the phonemic representation, and the relationship of the latter to phonetic representation. However, its central concern, surely, has been to relate the phonetic representation either to the articulatory or to the acoustic parameters of continuous speech.
Ca4IrO6, Ca3MgIrO6 and Ca3ZnIrO6

Single crystals of tetracalcium iridium hexaoxide, Ca4IrO6, tricalcium magnesium iridium hexaoxide, Ca3MgIrO6, and tricalcium zinc iridium hexaoxide, Ca3ZnIrO6, were prepared via high-temperature flux growth and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The three compounds are isostructural and adopt the K4CdCl6 structure type, comprised of chains of alternating face-shared [CaO6], [MgO6] or [ZnO6] trigonal prisms and [IrO6] octahedra, surrounded by columns of Ca2+ ions.
Modeling wing level operations using formal object models

This paper describes the application of Knowledge Based Software Engineering (KBSE) techniques to model an Air Force fighter wing's mission performance under differing personnel assignments and levels of automation. A formal domain model of the mission of an Air Force fighter wing was developed and the feasibility that such a model can be used to determine the effect of automation on unit readiness and unit was demonstrated. A prototype tool was written in Ada to demonstrate assessing the impact of both worker and automated tool assignments on the overall performance of processing a complex task. Additionally, since the resulting task model not only models the general behavior of an Air Force fighter wing, but with an appropriate detailing of the specific tasks. Workers, and tools, along with the rules for determining task performance, the model developed here could find application in many domains.
Thermal conductivity in semiconductor thin films and nanowires

Summary form only given. In this talk we present a self-consistent model for calculating the lattice thermal conductivity in semiconductor thin films and nanowires. The model is based on the solution of the phonon Boltzmann equation. It rigorously takes into account modification of the acoustic phonon dispersion in low-dimensional structures with the lateral feature size of 10 nm - 30 nm, and change in the non-equilibrium phonon distribution due to partially diffuse scattering from rough boundaries and interfaces. It is shown that the presence, of distinctive boundaries in such structures leads to a transformation of the acoustic branches of phonon dispersion to quasi-optical branches characterized by a low group velocity and different cut-off frequencies. This transformation affects both in-plane and cross-plane thermal conduction in low-dimensional structures. In this talk we also analyze three-phonon Umklapp scattering processes in thin films and nanowires and compare them with those in bulk semiconductors. The predictions. of the thermal conductivity. values based on our model are in good agreement with available experimental data for silicon thin films and nanowires. The described changes in phonon transport in semiconductor thin films and nanowires bear important consequences for nanostructure and device simulation since neither Fourier beat theory nor Debye approximation are accurate at nanometer length scale. The observed modification of the thermal resistance of the low-dimensional structures has to be taken into account in simulation of thermal transport in deep-submicron devices since, it strongly affects the electrostatic, discharge voltage (EDS) and other reliability characteristics. The change in the acoustic phonon dispersion and group velocity may be partially responsible for the experimentally observed drop of EDS in devices based on thin-film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers.
Agglomeration with heptane of coal and other materials in aqueous suspensions

Abstract Ultrafine particles of Illinois No. 6 coal, graphite, iron pyrite, kaolin, or quarts were suspended in water and agglomerated in a closed system with heptane. The coal and graphite formed bulky agglomerates which were held together by heptane bridges, whereas the other materials formed aggregates which collected around and between oil droplets. With large amounts of heptane, graphite readily formed spherical agglomerates whereas the coal exhibited much less tendency to undergo spherical agglomeration. Agglomerates produced from either coal, graphite, or pyrite were easily recovered by screening while those produced from either kaolin or quartz were too weak to withstand screening. The amount of material recovered per gram of heptane (i.e., specific recovery), achieved by agglomeration and screening, increased in the following order: kaolin or quartz
Cyclopentenyl uracil: An effective inhibitor of uridine salvage in vivo

Abstract Cyclopentenyl uracil, a non-cytotoxic inhibitor of uridine kinase, was found to effectively block the salvage of circulating uridine by host and tumor tissues in the intact mouse. Dose-response characteristics of the inhibition were determined. Large doses (1 g/kg) of cyclopentenyl uracil were required, and the effect of a single dose fell rapidly over a 24-hr period. A sustained inhibition of uridine salvage of > 64–79% could be maintained by multiple doses of 1 g/kg given on an every 8-hr schedule. Mice given cyclopentenyl uracil (1 g/kg) every 8 hr for 5 days continued to gain weight and showed no signs of toxicity; however, the combination of cyclopentenyl uracil with a non-toxic dose of N -(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA; 200 mg/kg daily for 5 days) was lethal to mice, indicating that circulating uridine modifies the toxicity of agents that act on enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine pathway. Although the duration of action and potency of cyclopentenyl uracil are not ideal, this is the first demonstration of an effective inhibition of uridine salvage in the intact mouse with a non-cytotoxic agent. This makes possible the evaluation of concurrent inhibition of de novo and salvage routes to pyrimidine nucleotides as an approach to chemotherapy.
Global Covenant: The Social Democratic Alternative to the Washington Consensus

Global Covenant: The Social Democratic Alternative to the Washington Consensus. By David Held. New York: Polity, 2004. 216p. $54.95 cloth, $19.95 paper. David Held lays out a detailed design for an “alternative” global order to the one promoted by the United States. He vigorously rejects the approach to the world of George W. Bush and instead offers a social democratic agenda, which has three main parts: economic, political, and legal. For each part, Held provides both the overarching principles that ought to guide us and a considerable list of specific steps that should advance his design. Readers should not stop reading just because the list of values that Held beseeches us to pursue is as impressive as it is lofty: He calls on us to uphold the principles of equal moral worth, equal liberty, equal political status of human beings, legitimate political authority “on all levels,” and a “deeper” commitment to social justice, among other such values. He buttresses his agenda with a list of measures to be undertaken both in the short and in the longer run, most of which deserve careful attention. It is here that ultimately the rubber does not meet the road.
Implications of causal propagation outside the null cone

(1972). Implications of causal propagation outside the null cone. Australasian Journal of Philosophy: Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 222-237.
The Multipotential Pseudoantigenicity of X-Ray Contrast Media

Background: X-ray contrast media (CM) toxicity resembles IgE-antigen-based anaphylaxis, and CM-related histamine release has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. While nobody has succeeded in producing antibodies against injections of neat CM, the ability of CM to compete with a series of antigens against their respective antibodies has recently been demonstrated. However, there is a paradox, since the CM with the strongest antibody binding are nevertheless the least likely to provoke antigen-antibody-related mast cell/basophil release. Methods: Two strains of rats were subjected to (a) passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) studies in the presence of various concentrations of CM, (b) blood pressure (BP) tracings following bolus administrations of various prototypical CM and (c) BP tracings in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized rats, challenged with OVA plus CM, vs. OVA plus CM-equivalent saline. Results: In the PCA studies, and the OVA challenge studies, the CM appear to act in an antigen excess mode, limiting the potential of the OVA to elicit anaphylactic changes, as demonstrated by permeability studies or by BP levels. The bolus CM studies demonstrate that the more potent CM ‘antigens’ actually produce an increase in BP and the less potent CM ‘antigens’, a drop in BP. These changes can be related to the CM acting in an ‘antigen’ excess mode vs. an ‘antigen’ equivalent mode. Conclusions: The CM have the potential to act in an ‘antigen’ excess or ‘antigen’-equivalent mode. The potential to express an ‘antigen’-excess mode in vivo, may be unique to CM because of the high concentrations injected.
Expanding Our Understanding of Community Supported Agriculture (CSA): An Examination of Member Satisfaction

ABSTRACT Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is an alternative approach to food production that seeks to bring together producers and consumers of organically grown produce. Using data collected from surveys that were completed by 204 members of 5 mid-Atlantic CSAs during the 2000 growing season, eleven hypotheses relating to member satisfaction are tested. Results show that membership satisfaction is positively correlated with the support of alternative agricultural practices, the number of times members visit their respective CSA, the number of years a member has belonged to that CSA, and the likelihood of a person's share meeting his/her produce needs. According to these data, being vegetarian, female, older, and/or a working member are additional predictors of CSA member satisfaction.
An improved synthesis of catechol-U-14C

The high yield, four-step synthesis of catechol-U-14C from benzene-U-14C is described. Intermediates in the preparation include phenol-U-14C and o-methoxyphenol-U-14C [guaiacol-(phenyl-U-14C)].
Somatostatin selectively inhibits excitatory contractile pathways of the feline lower esophageal sphincter

Abstract Intrinsic reflexes of the feline lower esophageal sphincter (LES) have been shown to be mediated by specific arrangements of excitatory peptidergic interneurons. Inhibition of intrinsic reflexes may also be mediated by neuropeptides. The specific aims of this study were: (1) to examine the effect of somatostatin (SOM) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on basal LES tone, and (2) to determine if these transmitters exert selective inhibitory effects on excitatory contractile pathways. Intraluminal pressures were recorded from the LES, esophagus and fundus by a fixed perfused catheter assembly in anesthetized cats. Peptides were administered via the left gastric artery. SOM had no effect on basal LES pressure with doses ranging from 10−9 to 10−5 g/kg. VIP induced a dose-dependent inhibition of basal LES pressure. The maximal effective dose of VIP, 10−6 g/kg, completely inhibited basal LES pressure ( 34.7 ± 6.8 to 1.0 ± 0.6 mmHg , P ). We have previously shown that bombesin (BN) but not substance P (SP) or bethanechol contracts the LES via tetrodotoxin-sensitive pathways. BN at the D50 (5·10−8 g/kg) increased LES pressure by 32.1 ± 3.6 mmHg . SOM (10−5 g/kg) decreased this BN response to 19.2 ± 5.0 mmHg , P . In contrast, while the D50 of SP (5·10−8 g/kg) gave a similar increase in LES pressure, 28.8 ± 5.1 mmHg , this effect was not altered by SOM ( 23.8 ± 6.7 mmHg , P > 0.10 ). SOM also had no effect on bethanechol-induced LES contractions ( P > 0.10 ). VIP (10−6 g/kg) totally inhibited the LES response to the D50 of BN, SP, and bethanechol. A submaximal dose of VIP (10−7 g/kg) partially inhibited the contractile response of all three. Conclusions: (1) VIP, but not SOM, inhibits basal LES tone. (2) SOM selectively inhibits BN but not SP- or bethanechol-induced LES contraction. (3) VIP inhibits BN, SP and bethanechol-induced LES contractions. These studies suggest that somatostatin can selectively inhibit excitatory interneurons at the LES.
Nonequilibrium viscous flow over Jovian entry probes at high altitudes

The viscous chemical nonequilibrium flow around a Jovian entry body is investigated at high altitudes using two different methods. First method is only for the stagnation region and integrates the full Navier-Stokes equations from the body surface to the freestream. The second method uses viscous shock layer equations between the body surface and the shock. Due to low Reynolds numbers, both methods use surface slip boundary conditions and the second method also uses shock slip boundary conditions. The results of the two methods are compared at the stagnation point. It is found that the entire shock layer is under chemical nonequilibrium at higher altitudes and that the slip boundary conditions are important at these altitudes.
Ab initio G3-type/statistical theory study of the formation of indene in combustion flames. I. Pathways involving benzene and phenyl radical.

Ab initio G3(MP2,CC)//B3LYP calculations of the potential energy surface (PES) for the formation of indene involving hydrocarbon species abundant in combustion, including benzene, phenyl, propargyl, and methyl radicals, and acetylene, have been performed to investigate the build-up of an additional cyclopenta moiety over the existing six-member aromatic ring. They were followed by statistical calculations of high-pressure-limit thermal rate constants in the temperature range of 300−3000 K for all reaction steps utilizing conventional Rice−Ramsperger−Kassel−Marcus (RRKM) and transition-state (TST) theories. The hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA) type mechanism, which involves the formation of benzyl radical followed by addition of acetylene, is shown to have low barriers (12−16 kcal/mol) and to be a viable candidate to account for indene formation in combustion flames, such as the 1,3-butadiene flame, where this mechanism was earlier suggested as the major indene formation route (Granata et al....
Oscillatory magnetic coupling in Fe/Ag/Fe(100) sandwich structures

Abstract The magnetic coupling in Fe/Ag/Fe sandwich structures has been studied using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis (SEMPA). when atomically well-ordered Ag spacer layers are grown epitaxially on an Fe whisker substrate, the coupling between the Fe substrate and the top Fe film is found to oscillate between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic as a periodic function of the Ag thickness. The magnetic coupling is composed of two oscillatory components with periods of 2.37±0.07 and 5.73±0.05 Ag layers. The oscillation persist for Ag spacer films that are up to at least 50 layers thick. These periods are consistent with theoretical models that predict that the oscillatory coupling length scale is determined by spanning vectors of the spacer material's Fermi surface. Biquadratic coupling was also observed in these structures. The relative strength of biquadratic to bilinear coupling was found to depend on the thickness of the top Fe film.
An experimental search for near-wall boundary conditions for large eddy simulation

Instantaneous wall shear stress and streamwise velocities have been measured simultaneously in a flat plate, turbulent boundary layer at moderate Reynolds number in an effort to provide experimental support for large eddy simulations. Data were obtained by using a buried-wire wall shear gage and a hot-wire rake positioned in the log region of the flow. All data processing was accomplished with digital data analysis techniques on a minicomputer. Fluctuations of the instantaneous U plus versus Y plus profiles about a mean law of the wall are shown to be significant and complex. Peak cross-correlation values between wall shear stress and the velocities are high and reflect the passage of a large structure inclined at a small angle to the wall. Estimates of this angle are consistent with those made by other investigators. Conditional sampling techniques were used to detect the passage of various sizes and types of flow disturbances (events) and to estimate their mean frequency of occurrence. Events characterized by large and sudden streamwise accelerations were found to be highly coherent throughout the log region and were strongly correlated with large fluctuations in wall shear-stress. Phase randomness between the near-wall quantities and the outer velocities was small. The results suggest that the flow events detected by conditional sampling applied to velocities in the log region may be related to the bursting process.
Conjecture in system theory

This letter proves that a time-invariant infinite-dimensional linear network cannot have identical behaviour to a time-varying finite-dimensional network, the proof depending heavily on advanced concepts in system theory.
Optimal stochastic scheduling in multiclass parallel queues

In this paper we consider the problem of scheduling different classes of customers on multiple distributed servers to minimize an objective function based on per-class mean response times. This problem arises in a wide range of distributed systems, networks and applications. Within the context of our model, we observe that the optimal sequencing strategy at each of the servers is a simple static priority policy. Using this observation, we argue that the globally optimal scheduling problem reduces to finding an optimal routing matrix under this sequencing policy. We formulate the latter problem as a nonlinear programming problem and show that any interior local minimum is a global minimum, which significantly simplifies the solution of the optimization problem. In the case of Poisson arrivals, we provide an optimal scheduling strategy that also tends to minimize a function of the per-class response time variances. Applying our analysis to various static instances of the general problem leads us to rederive many results, yielding simple approximation algorithms whose guarantees match the best known results.
Unilateral optic nerve transection alters light response of suprachiasmatic nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the circadian pacemaker, receives photic input directly from the retina to synchronize the pacemaker to the environment. Additionally, the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), which innervates the SCN, is known to modulate the retinal photic input to the SCN. To further understand the role of the IGL in mediating the photic input to the SCN, this study examined the effects of unilateral optic nerve transection (UONx) on the photic response of the SCN and IGL in adult and neonatal hamsters. UONx led to an overall reduction in light-induced c-Fos expression in the SCN and IGL. The c-Fos expression was greater in the SCN ipsilateral to the remaining eye, despite a symmetrically bilateral retinohypothalamic tract projection as revealed by intraocular injection of horseradish peroxidase. In contrast, UONx led to a greater c-Fos expression in the contralateral IGL. The contralateral IGL of UONx animals also revealed more neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons, while the ipsilateral SCN of these animals exhibited a denser neuropeptide Y terminal field. The neonates with UONx showed a similar pattern with a slight compensation of the photic-induced c-Fos in the SCN. This study suggests that the IGL may have an ipsilateral inhibitory effect in mediating retinal photic input to the SCN.
Decreased cutaneous vasodilation in aged skin: mechanisms, consequences and interventions

Abstract Aged men and women respond to both local heating of the skin and to increased body core temperature (Tc) with an attenuated rise in skin blood flow (SkBF). While aerobic capacity (VO2max), acclimation status, hydration, diseases and medications all influence SkBF, the relative inability of aged skin to vasodilate appears to be a primary consequence of advanced age. (2) Prolonged local heating elicits a lower maximal SkBF in older individuals, presumably reflecting structural changes in the cutaneous vessels. The decline in maximal SkBF is relatively linear from age 10 to 85 yr. Mechanistic changes underlying this decrement (e.g., the role of nitric oxide and sensory nerves) have not been elucidated. (3) Reflex increases in SkBF in response to increasing Tc are likewise attenuated in aged skin. Augmented noradrenergic vasoconstriction plays little or no role in this response; rather decreased active vasodilator sensitivity coupled with the aforementioned structural changes combine to limit the SkBF at a given Tc. (4) In addition to aerobic training, heat acclimation, and other countermeasures, unopposed exogenous estrogen has been shown to increase SkBF at a given Tc in postmenopausal women. Estrogen increases the SkBF at a given Tc by shifting the threshold for onset of vasodilation to a lower Tc, i.e., by directly affecting hypothalamic control. Peripheral effects are minimal. (5) While the primary purpose of increasing human SkBF in hyperthermic conditions is heat transfer and dissipation, the principle challenge of aged individuals exposed to passive heat stress is not to thermal homeostasis, but rather to cardiovascular homeostasis.
Development of a Jet-REMPI (Resonantly Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization) Continuous Monitor for Environmental Applications.

The need for a continuous monitor for environmentally important pollutants at realistic [parts-per-trillion (parts in 1012)] concentrations measured in real time (minutes) is widely recognized. We developed an instrument that is based on supersonic-jet expansion and cooling, followed by resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) into a mass spectrometer. This approach furnishes the dual selectivity of narrow-band tuned laser absorption and mass analysis. We initiated a spectroscopic characterization of the jet’s collisional cooling behavior to optimize the instrument’s sensitivity and selectivity, made measurements of several aromatic compounds (including polychlorinated dioxins) by use of a one-color REMPI scheme, and demonstrated a two-color excitation scheme.
Dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of liquid D-T

Abstract The first dielectric constant and electrical condutivity measurements on liquid deuterium-tritium are reported. The samples, which contain 0.9, 8.8, and 98.3% tritium, are measured for complex capacitance at 1592 Hz with an effective electric field of 2830 Vm −1 at temperatures of 20 to 26 K. The tritium radioactivity converts the samples dielectrics, with dielectric constant as large as 4.5 and electrical conductivities of 200 × 10 −9 (Ωm) −1 . Carrier densities are about 10 10 per mol sample; both free electrons and ions are apparently present.
HeLa cell tumor response to 60Co, Cs-137, Cf-252 radiations and cisplatin chemotherapy in nude mice

HeLa cells were implanted into athymic nude mice from tissue culture and solid tumors established (HeLa cell tumor or HCT). Large cell numbers of 1 X 10/sup 7/ were required to obtain consistent and progressive growth, and tumor growth followed a Gompertzian mode. Irradiation studies were carried out using acute Cobalt-60 (60Co), low-dose-rate (LDR) Cs-137 and LDR Cf-252. Cf-252, a neutron-emitting radioisotope, produced an immediate tumor shrinkage and regression response after a dose of 279 cGy. Acute 60Co or LDR Cs-137 irradiation with 1000 cGy had little effect on the HCT. After a dose of 2000 cGy of 60Co radiation tumor shrinkage followed a latent period of approximately 5 days. Cisplatin had no effect on the HCT in nude mice in stationary or late exponential growth.
High sensitivity, high density micro-hydraulic force sensor array utilizing stereo-lithography fabrication technique

We introduce a micro-hydraulic force sensor with the ability to maintain high sensitivity at reduced footprint size to realize an array of force sensors with capability resembling human fingertip touch sensing. This sensor utilizes a micro-hydraulic structure as an enhanced sensing mechanism along with a tactile interface fabricated with a low cost, fast prototyping stereo-lithography apparatus. The sensor is capable of delivering high average sensitivity of 87 fF/mN (maximum observed: 260 fF/mN), a minimum detectable capacitance change of 80 aF at quiescence and a spatial resolution of 1 mm. It is sensitive enough to detect the fall of a 38.5 nL water droplet. The sensor full-scale force range with a 2-μm thick parylene membrane is 15 mN. With an array using 15 μm thick parylene, the full-scale range can be expanded to 180 mN.
Molecular basis for vaccine development against anaplasmosis and babesiosis

Immunization of livestock against the erythroparasitic pathogens Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, and Babesia bovis with safe and effective killed vaccines is not yet feasible on a practical basis. However, the immune protection afforded by recovery from natural infection and premunition indicates that microbial epitopes capable of inducing immunity exist and that the bovine immune system can be primed appropriately. Induction of protection by immunization with killed parasite fractions, enriched for polypeptides with surface exposed epitopes, supports a focus on surface epitopes, including apical complex organellar epitopes in Babesia, for vaccine development. Cloning, sequencing, and expression of genes ecoding these key surface polypeptides has allowed examination of polypeptide function and detailed analysis of epitope conservation in light of genetic polymorphism. In this paper, the characterization of these polypeptides at the epitope level and their roles in inducing protective immunity are reviewed. Definition of these epitopes, in combination with improved understanding of immune mechanisms, provides the basis for development of effective recombinant vaccines against anaplasmosis and babesiosis.
Cyber warfare compared to fourth and fifth generation warfare as applied to the Internet

The aspects of societal wide warfare occurring utilizing the technologies of the Internet for dissemination and recruitment by entities has been well studied. What has not been studied is the use of adversaries systems of communication, education, and entertainment to assess and gather intelligence. The utilization of the adversaries systems allows for real time knowledge of the adversaries intent and relativistic knowledge gathering from detailed information leakage of organizations. The use of colloquially known Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 technology tools such as massive multiplayer online role playing games, web forum and online communities, simulated first person environments all lead to real world issues in national conflict. The myriad uses of these tools create a gap in intelligence analysis and understanding of tertiary effects on society.
Quiescent CD34+ early erythroid progenitors are resistant to several erythropoietic 'inhibitory' cytokines; role of FLIP.

Summary. In this study, quiescent bone marrow-derived CD34+ erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) were found to be resistant to the inhibitory effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and -β as well as interferon (IFN)-α, -β and -γ, in contrast to those stimulated by a combination of erytrhropoietin (Epo) plus kit ligand (KL). Unexpectedly, we found that TNF-α also inhibited the apoptosis of quiescent normal human CD34+ BFU-E cells. Accordingly, TNF-α added to CD34+ cells cultured for 2 d in serum-free medium protected clonogeneic BFU-E from undergoing serum deprivation-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, the prosurvival effect of TNF-α in quiescent CD34+ cells was consistent with its ability to induce phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p42/44. However, when added to CD34+ cells that were stimulated by Epo + KL, TNF-α induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of BFU-E. To explain this intriguing differential sensitivity between unstimulated CD34+ cells versus those stimulated by Epo + KL, we examined the expression of apoptosis-regulating genes (FLIP, BCL-2, BCL-XL, BAD and BAX) in these cells. Of all the genes tested, FLIP became rapidly downregulated in CD34+ cells 24 h after stimulation with Epo + KL, suggesting that it may protect quiescent CD34+ BFU-E progenitors residing in the bone marrow from the inhibitory effects of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, we hypothesize that cycling cells may become more sensitive to proapoptotic stimuli (e.g. chemotherapy, inhibitory cytokines) than quiescent ones because of the downregulation of protective FLIP.
Evaluation of Solvency Standards for State Unemployment Insurance Trust Funds

As a result of relatively large state unemployment insurance trust fund (UITF) balances and the perceived low risk of recessionary economic conditions, business leaders and policy makers across the U.S. are appealing for a moratorium or a reduction of unemployment insurance (UI) taxes. This article examines the advisability of this action in relation to adequacy standards endorsed by industry advisory groups. Using multivariate techniques, this article evaluates the relevance of the most widely used standard and determines how the maintenance of this standard affects the estimated length of time until insolvency after the onset of a recession. Assuming an economic downturn of the severity of the 1970s recession, we find that the standard is overly conservative with an associated probability of failure of less than 1 percent and with an ability to withstand a recession 100 months in length.
Adaptive HARQ and scheduling for video over LTE

This paper proposes a cross-layer approach to the delivery of real-time video streams over LTE cellular systems. The objective is to maximally improve video quality by adapting the wireless system (specifically, HARQ retransmission and scheduling rules) to video packet importance. Complying with the LTE framework, video packets are given priorities and assigned to different radio bearers or logical channels based on their importance. Applicable to both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL), the adaptive HARQ minimizes the effect of transmission errors by performing potentially more HARQ retransmissions for high-priority video packets while the scheduling algorithm deals with congestion by giving high priority to important packets to minimize their transmission timeout. We show that the combination of adaptive HARQ and priority-based scheduling offers significant gains in video quality by enabling the wireless system to handle congestion and transmission errors, two of the main challenges to cellular delivery of real-time video.
Moving From Efficacy to Effectiveness in Eating Disorders Prevention: The Sorority Body Image Program

Abstract Although eating disorders prevention research has begun to produce programs with demonstrated efficacy, many such programs simply target individuals as opposed to engaging broader social systems (e.g., schools, sororities, athletic teams) as participant collaborators in eating disorders prevention. Yet, social systems ultimately will be responsible for the real-world delivery of eating disorder prevention programs, suggesting that an important issue has yet to be addressed. Namely, it is unclear to what degree efficacious individual-focused eating disorder prevention programs remain effective when incorporated into critical social systems under real-world conditions. Over the past 5 years, we have collaborated with the campus sororities in the development of a sustainable eating disorders prevention program that is based on the prevention efficacy literature. This paper describes both challenges and helpful strategies that we encountered in tailoring an evidence-based eating disorders prevention program to the needs of a relevant social system.
Cell mapping techniques applied to Josephson junction systems

Abstract We use the method of cell-to-cell mapping to explore the phase plane of several interesting Josephson junction circuits. Cell mapping is an efficient way to use a computer to gain broad overview of the phase space of a dynamical system, finding attractors and their basins. We use it to find the attractors and basins of four Josephson circuits: a periodically driven junction, a junction coupled to a cavity, a voltage driven junction, and two junctions coupled together.
Relatively high calcium is localized in synergid cells of wheat ovaries

Using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis of mature, unpollinated wheat ovaries fixed by freeze-substitution, we show here that the synergid cells store a relatively high concentration of calcium. Based on our results and other indirect evidence, we suggest that supraoptimal levels of calcium in synergids may regulate: (1) correct orientation of the pollen tube, by forming a calcium gradient in the vicinity of the synergids, and (2) arrest and rupture of the pollen tube to release the sperm near the egg.
Increased cyclic AMP levels in malignant hepatic nodules of ethionine treated rats.

Abstract Cyclic AMP levels were measured in vivo and in vitro in uninvolved liver, benign and malignant hepatic nodules of ethionine treated rats. The in vivo cyclic AMP concentration of 5.0 ± 0.5 nmoles/gm protein in malignant nodules was twice that in benign nodules and uninvolved liver. Values in tissue slices after sacrifice of anesthetized animals were identical to the in vivo levels. Cyclic AMP levels were higher in animals sacrificed by decapitation, but were not influenced by 20 minutes incubation. Concentrations in malignant nodules still exceeded those in the other two tissues. The increased cyclic AMP concentrations in malignant nodules persisted whether the data was expressed on the basis of wet weight, protein or DNA.
The lung as an alternative route of delivery for insulin in controlling postprandial glucose levels in patients with diabetes.

Study objectives To determine the efficacy of the lung as an alternative route of delivery for insulin in controlling glucose below diabetic levels (11.2 mmol/L) 2 h after the ingestion of a meal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design Single-blinded, nonrandomized, placebo-controlled pilot study consisting of two visits. Setting A primary care facility. Patients Seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interventions On the first study visit, fasting glucose levels were normalized. Then, patients inhaled 1.5 U/kg insulin by aerosol into the lungs 5 min before ingesting a test meal. On the second visit, patients inhaled placebo aerosol 5 min before ingesting the same meal. On both visits, plasma samples were collected and analyzed for glucose levels for 3 h during the postprandial state. Measurements and results No one coughed after inhalation of insulin aerosol or demonstrated hypoglycemia. During the postprandial period, glucose levels were significantly lower at 20 min (5.12 ± 1.08 mmol/L), 1 h (7.87 ± 0.73 mmol/L), 2 h (8.05 ± 1.24 mmol/L) and 3 h (7.50 ± 1.43 mmol/L) following inhalation of insulin than when the placebo was used. Data for the placebo were 10.36 ± 1.23 mmol/L at 20 min, 14.0 ± 1.68 mmol/L at 1 h, 16.18 ± 1.45 mmol/L at 2 h, and 14.37 ±2.11 mmol/L at 3h (for all comparisons, p Conclusions These results suggest that, once plasma glucose levels are normalized, postprandial glucose levels can be maintained below diabetic levels by delivering 1.5 U/kg insulin into the lungs 5 min before the ingestion of a meal.
Xerox: American Samurai

The article presents a review of the book “Xerox: American Samurai,” by Gary Jacobson and John Hillkirk.
An Experimental Study of the Multipole Series that Represents the Human Electrocardiogram

A multipole equivalent cardiac generator was investigated using a human subject, a torso tank, and a special multipole probe. Data from seventeen leads were fitted, by the method of least squares, to a dipole and to a dipole-plus-quadrupole source located at two different origins. In all cases the inclusion of the quadrupole improved the lead correlation coefficients. The quadrupole was found to contribute significantly to the surface potential at the beginning of the R wave and during the R-S portion of the QRS complex. This quadrupolar contribution could not be removed by origin shifting.
On the origin of selectivity and anisotropy loss during microstructure release etch

The origin of the loss of Si anisotropy and selectivity to barrier metals during the release etch process of a CMOS-MEMS fabrication flow is investigated experimentally using in situ infrared imaging. The release etch is performed in an inductively coupled plasma etch chamber fitted with a CaF2 window to maximize IR transmission. Suspended disk test structures of varying plan area, thickness, transverse suspension cross-section and suspension length are etched at various bias voltages using a SF6/O2/C4F8 time-multiplexed, Bosch-type, anisotropic DRIE process followed by an O2 polymer removal process and an isotropic SF6 process. Temperatures up to 150 °C are reported for suspended disk test structures during the isotropic SF6 process while the temperature rise during the anisotropic DRIE and polymer removal processes is less than 7 °C. A physical model based on the power balance of the suspended disk test structures is developed and used to extract the proportion of etch heat absorbed by the structures, which is determined to be 0.26. The model predicts that exothermic heat of reaction of Si with neutral F species is the dominant source of heat and is supported by the observed temperature trends.
Deformation and Fracture of MnTe and MnSe‐MnTe Solid Solutions

Single crystals of MnTe and solid solutions in the system MnSe-MnTe were prepared; selected surfaces were indented with either a Vickers or a Knoop microindenter. Information on mechanical behavior was obtained by observation of slip traces and by study of Knoop hardness anisotropy. Hexagonal NiAs-type MnTe and MnTe-rich Mn(Te,Se) solid solutions show plastic deformation attributable to {1012} twinning, basal slip, and pencil glide in 〈1120〉. Fracture occurs as primary {0001} and secondary {1010} cleavage. Vickers and Knoop hardnesses were greater on the basal plane than on prism planes. Cubic MnSe-rich Mn(Te,Se) solid solutions show both {111}〈110〉 and {110}〈110〉 slip with {100} and {110} fracture in crushed fragments and around surface indentations. Knoop hardness anisotropy is like that in MnSe. The rate of solid solution hardening is greater than for comparable substitutions of sulfide ions in the MnSe matrix.
Factors That Differentiate Distressed and Nondistressed Marriages in Army Soldiers

Data from U.S. Army soldiers (N = 697) were analyzed to determine the factors that differentiate distressed from nondistressed relationships. Results show that most soldiers had relationship satisfaction scores that categorized them as nondistressed. In addition, soldiers in dual-military marriages had relationship satisfaction scores similar to those of soldiers in military-civilian marriages. Finally, several variables including rank, relocation status, relationship length, and relationship status differentiated distressed from nondistressed relationships. Implications for intervention programming and future research directions are discussed.
On the l-type doubling and l-type resonance of molecules in the microwave region

The l-type doubling and the l-type resonance of molecules in the microwave region are phenomena which one encounters quite often but in many cases they are not correctly interpreted. The present work has the purpose, to make clear the theory and also to apply it to the interpretation of the spectra of some molecules: methyl cyanide, methyl acetylene, and tertiary butyl acetylene.
Discussion of “Implementation of LRFD of Drilled Shafts in Louisiana” by Xinbao Yu, Murad Y. Abu-Farsakh, Sungmin Yoon, Ching Tsai, and Zhongjie Zhang

Morgan Race, S.M.ASCE; Sarah Bey, S.M.ASCE; and Richard Coffman, M.ASCE Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (corresponding author). E-mail: rick@uark.edu
In-line coupling capillary electrochromatography with amperometric detection for analysis of explosive compounds.

Amperometric detection at a bare gold electrode has been in-line coupled with capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for analysis of nitroaromatic and nitroamine explosives in contaminated soils and ground water. The CEC column packed with 3 microm C18 particles performed best using a mobile phase containing 70-80% methanol, 30 or 20% water, 5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 10mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES). In contrast, the separation column packed with 1.5 km C18 particles exhibited the best separation when only 30% methanol was added to a mobile phase containing 70% water, 7 mM SDS, and 10 mM MES. The detection, based on electrochemical reduction of the explosives (-0.7 or -1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, depending upon the level of methanol in the mobile phase), was compatible with such mobile phases. The detection limits for 13 explosives ranged from 100 to 200 ppb, i.e., about twofold better than those obtained with electrokinetic chromatography (EKC)/amperometric detection. From an operational viewpoint, exhaustive column conditioning was a prerequisite and care should be taken to prevent bubble formation and current breakdown during the course of separation. The CEC column equipped with amperometric detection successfully measured explosives in ground water and extracts prepared from contaminated soils and the results obtained agreed well with those of the U.S. Environmental protection Agency (EPA) method.