cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Territoriality in the Green Frog, Rana Clamitans

The concept of territoriality was developed only recently. As early as the eighteenth century, workers observed the defense of restricted areas by birds but it remained for Howard (1920) to propose a theory of territoriality which gained wide recognition. Since, territoriality has been studied in great detail and it has been found that several kinds of animals, for example, many mammals (Carpenter 1934; Burt 1940), birds (Nice 1941; Lack 1939), lizards (Evans 1936), fishes (Noble and Curtis 1939), and some invertebrates (Crane 1941), restrict their reproductive activities to areas defended against intruders. It is generally agreed that territoriality is the active defense of an area which is used in some phase of the breeding cycle. Even though several species of amphibians restrict their activities to definite home ranges (McAtee 1921; Breder et al. 1927), there are many reports in the literature which state that territoriality is absent among them (e.g., Collias 1944; Davis 1949). However, I am unable to find record of actual attempts to learn whether this phenomenon really does occur among amphibians. This report is offered to fill partially this gap in our knowledge. It is one aspect of an ecological study of the green frog (Rana clamitans) made in 1948 and 1949. It is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to Frederick H. Test, who has directed this investigation. I am also grateful to the members of the Statistical Research Laboratory at the University of Michigan, Cecil C. Craig and Paul S.
Grammar-based random walkers in semantic networks

Semantic networks qualify the meaning of an edge relating any two vertices. Determining which vertices are most ''central'' in a semantic network is difficult because one relationship type may be deemed subjectively more important than another. For this reason, research into semantic network metrics has focused primarily on context-based rankings (i.e. user prescribed contexts). Moreover, many of the current semantic network metrics rank semantic associations (i.e. directed paths between two vertices) and not the vertices themselves. This article presents a framework for calculating semantically meaningful primary eigenvector-based metrics such as eigenvector centrality and PageRank in semantic networks using a modified version of the random walker model of Markov chain analysis. Random walkers, in the context of this article, are constrained by a grammar, where the grammar is a user-defined data structure that determines the meaning of the final vertex ranking. The ideas in this article are presented within the context of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) of the Semantic Web initiative.
The attractiveness halo effect and the babyface stereotype in older and younger adults: similarities, own-age accentuation, and older adult positivity effects.

Background/Study Context: Two well-documented phenomena in person perception are the attractiveness halo effect (more positive impressions of more attractive people), and the babyface stereotype (more childlike impressions of more babyfaced people), shown by children, young adults (YA), and people from diverse cultures. This is the first study to systematically investigate these face stereotypes in older adults (OA) and to compare effects for younger and older adult faces.Methods: YA and OA judges rated competence, health, hostility, untrustworthiness, attractiveness, and babyfaceness of older and younger neutral expression faces. Multilevel modeling assessed effects of rater age and face age on appearance stereotypes.Results: Like YA, OA showed both the attractiveness halo effect and the babyface stereotype. However, OA showed weaker effects of attractiveness on impressions of untrustworthiness, and only OA associated higher babyfaceness with greater competence. There also was own-age accentuation, with ...
Transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of cardiac myxoma: A case of familial myxoma

The vast majority of atrial myxomas are readily apparent on standard transthoracic echocardiography. We present the case of a young woman with known history of familial myxoma, in whom a large left atrial mass was identified on transthoracic echocardiography. Transesophageal study more clearly delineated the extent and origin of the tumor. In addition, an unsuspected tumor in the right ventricle was also identified. These findings were confirmed at surgery, and both masses were excised. The advantages of transesophageal echocardiography in evaluation and management of this unusual subset of patients with cardiac tumor are discussed.
Validation and Demonstration of an Isolated Acoustic Recording Technique to Estimate Spontaneous Swallow Frequency

Spontaneous swallowing is considered a reflexive, pharyngeal clearance mechanism. Reductions in spontaneous swallow frequency may be a sensitive index for dysphagia and related morbidities. This study evaluated an acoustic recording technique as a measure to estimate spontaneous swallow frequency. Initially, a multichannel physiologic (surface electromyography, swallow apnea, cervical auscultation) recording technique was validated and subsequently compared to an isolated acoustic (microphone) recording technique on a sample of younger (25 ± 2.8 years) and older (68 ± 5.3 years) healthy adult participants. Sensitivity (94 %), specificity (99 %), and classification accuracy (98 %) were high for swallow identification from the multichannel physiologic recording technique. Interjudge reliability was high (k = 0.94, 95 % CI = 0.92-0.96). No significant differences in spontaneous swallow frequency were observed between the multichannel physiologic recordings and the acoustic recordings (0.85 vs. 0.81 swallows per minute). Furthermore, these two techniques were highly correlated (r = 0.95). Interjudge reliability for swallow identification via acoustic recordings was high (k = 0.96, 95 % CI = 0.94-0.99). Preliminary evaluation of the temporal stability of spontaneous swallow frequency measured from acoustic recordings indicated that time samples as short as 5 min produce viable results. Age differences were identified in spontaneous swallow frequency rates, with older participants swallowing less frequently than younger participants (0.47 vs. 1.02 swallows per minute). Collectively, these results indicate that an isolated acoustic recording technique is a valid approach to estimate spontaneous swallow frequency.
Chronic multifocal osteomyelitis, a new recessive mutation on chromosome 18 of the mouse.

Mice with tail kinks and deformities in their lower extremities were observed in a litter of C.D2-Qa-2+N6F15 mice. A mutant line that exhibits this phenotype in 100% of its offspring was established by subsequent breeding. The abnormalities resembled to some degree those found in a human syndrome termed chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Accordingly, we name the new mutation chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (cmo). Breeding analysis showed that the defect was determined by a single autosomal recessive gene. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of progeny from a backcross between Mus musculus domesticus (CLA) and C.D2-Qa-(2+)-cmo/cmo indicated that the cmo gene resides on mouse Chromosome 18.
The Crystal Structure of Apatite, Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl)

As illustrated by the broad range of topics presented in this volume, the mineral apatite, Ca5(PO4)3(F,OH,Cl), is of importance in a greater variety of fields than virtually any other mineral. It is of particular significance in Earth science, life science, and material science; the foundation of this significance is the apatite atomic arrangement. Apatite is the most abundant naturally occurring phosphate on Earth. Consequently, it is the major source of phosphorous, both as an ore and the base of the global phosphorous cycle. As the major ore mineral of phosphorous, apatite is critical for the production of huge quantities of fertilizers, detergents and phosphoric acid; the extracted phosphorous is also used in many other applications such as phosphors, rust removers, motor fuels, and insecticides to name but a few (McConnell 1973). The global biogeochemical cycling of phosphorous starts by its release from apatite at the Earth’s surface and ultimately leads to the formation of other geological apatites through sedimentary processes or tectonic recycling. Along the way, however, it is an essential element to all life on Earth (Filippelli, this volume). The structure and chemistry of apatite allow for numerous substitutions, including a multitude of metal cations (i.e., K, Na, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb, Cd, Sb, Y, REEs, U) that substitute for Ca in the structure, and anionic complexes (i.e., AsO43−, SO42−, CO32−, SiO44−, etc.) that replace PO43− (Pan and Fleet, this volume). Indeed, apatite incorporates half the periodic chart in its atomic arrangement. These substitutions are usually in trace concentrations, but large concentrations and even complete solid solutions exist for certain substituents. This complex and variable chemistry has great implications, and is utilized in all areas …
Polarized internal reflectance spectroscopic studies of oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Polarized internal reflectance spectroscopy (IRS) has been used to evaluate molecular orientation and crystallinity of poly(ethylene terephthalate) film surfaces. Measurements were taken using samples stretched in both uniaxial and biaxial modes. All bands of interest were normalized with a reference band near 1410 cm−1, resulting from phenylene ring vibrations. Normalization was performed in order to overcome problems with sample contact and effective thickness. Results obtained using bands representing trans and gauche rotational isomers, present, respectively, at 1340 and 1370 cm−1, have been related to data acquired using density and birefringence techniques. The polarized IRS technique discussed is well suited for investigations of polymer orientation and crystallinity, since it avoids limitations related to sample thickness and clarity imposed by polarized transmission infrared spectroscopy. Parameters such as orientation functions, attenuation indices, dichroic ratios, and structural factors have been determined from data collected in each of the three spatial directions. Results are correlated with corresponding density, birefringence, and refractive index values and are found to give good agreement with these methods. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Social Support and Depression among Bone Marrow Transplant Patients

This study considered the role of social support in mitigating depression among bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. Eighty-six BMT patients completed the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) and the Centers for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D) before transplant and again at one year posttransplant. Results showed moderate levels of depressive symptoms in BMT patients, with 29.1 percent and 27.6 percent meeting the suggested criterion for clinical depression at pre-BMT and one year post-BMT, respectively. Overall, patients experienced a reduced level of depression post-BMT, although females reported more depression than males. Social support pre-BMT predicted depression levels post-BMT controlling for initial levels of depression. Clinical implications for health care providers working with cancer patients and their families are discussed.
Macular pigment, photopigments, and melanin : Distributions in young subjects determined by four-wavelength reflectometry

We have developed an objective procedure, using a modified retinal camera, to determine macular pigment (MP) optical density distributions in the human retina. Using two multi-band filters, reflectance maps of the retinas of young subjects (<25 years old) were obtained at 460, 528, 610 and 670 nm, without pupil dilation. The log-transformed maps were combined linearly to yield optical density maps of MP, cone and rod photopigments, and melanin. MP optical density and heterochromatic flicker photometry results for 22 subjects were in reasonable agreement. Cone photopigments, like MP, showed similar, well-defined peaks at the fovea, whereas rod photopigment showed a minimum. Melanin was more broadly distributed.
Frequency dependence of the polarization catastrophe at a metal-insulator transition and related problems

A scaling assumption is made in order to analyze the critical behavior of the complex dielectric constant $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ at low frequencies near a metal-insulator or a superconductor---normal-conductor transition in a disordered system. Percolative transitions as well as microscopic or quantum transitions are discussed. On either side of the metal-insulator transition, $\mathrm{Re}\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ is found to have a peak at $\ensuremath{\omega}=0$ whose width tends to zero and whose height diverges at the transition. Similar behavior is found for the normal component of conductivity on both sides of the superconducting transition, and the effective penetration depth is found to diverge as ${(p\ensuremath{-}{p}_{c})}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{t}{2}}$ near the percolation threshold in a composite superconductor.
Compromise in coal seam description

Although the lithotype terms introduced by Stopes were not intended to have any compositional implications, some early descriptions of the petrographic contents of lithotypes have resulted in less than universal adherence to this nomenclature following its adoption by the International Committee for Coal Petrology. Alternative descriptive systems have been developed for use with Australian coals, many of which have very low exinite contents. The recognition of a midlustrous attrital coal lithotype has proved useful because such layers can be characterized by relatively high vitrinite contents and swelling indices. An advantage of terms such as bright coal and dull coal is that they can be used to describe the overall appearance of layers on as broad a scale as is convenient for the user.
LensKit: a modular recommender framework

LensKit is a new recommender systems toolkit aiming to be a platform for recommender research and education. It provides a common API for recommender systems, modular implementations of several collaborative filtering algorithms, and an evaluation framework for consistent, reproducible offline evaluation of recommender algorithms. In this demo, we will showcase the ease with which LensKit allows recommenders to be configured and evaluated.
The Military, Militarism, and the Militarization of Domestic Violence

This article moves beyond the discussion of domestic violence in the military to a broader accounting of the militarization of domestic violence in Israel. In contrast to the dominant civilian-military paradigm, which assumes a limit on an army's effect on society, in Israel, boundaries between the military and society are highly permeable, even ambiguous. The civilianization of the army and the militarization of society in Israel render incomplete the research model of domestic violence in the military. Thus, the article explores how the centrality of the military, a pervasive ideology of militarism, and the militarization of society shape perpetration, understandings, and experiences of and responses to domestic violence in Israel. Specifically, four components of the militarization of domestic violence are discussed: causality, competition, critique, and context. The article closes by reflecting on what is gained by shifting the analytical perspective from domestic violence in the military to the milit...
Translating Family-Focused Prevention Science Into Effective Practice Toward a Translational Impact Paradigm

Family-focused preventive intervention research could serve as an exemplar for the translation of science into practice on a scale that achieves public health impact. This article outlines advances in the field and translational research that still is needed, presenting these within a heuristic framework. The framework is designed to guide a broad translational research agenda fostering a shift toward a paradigm of public health impact—called a translational impact paradigm. Current advances and needed research in the subfield are mapped onto a set of four translational impact factors: effectiveness of interventions; extensiveness of their population coverage; efficiency of interventions; and engagement of eligible populations or organizations, including widespread adoption and sustained, quality implementation (the “4 Es” of intervention impact). The article then highlights key tasks required to progress in this area: improving practitioner–scientist partnership networks embedded in systems for delivery ...
Isolated word recognition using hidden Markov models

In this paper we investigated smoothing techniques for alleviating the problem due to insufficient amount of training data. Hidden Markov Models (HMM) require a large amount of training data to obtain reliable probability estimates. But for isolated word recognition (100 words or more), we can not expect a user to speak each word more than several times. We found that the confusion matrix between a pair of label prototypes was particularly effective for the problem. We investigated two ways of computing the confusion matrix. One is based on distance among labels, and the other is based on the correspondence of labels in several utterances of the same word. Performance of these techniques was tested by using 100 Japanese city names spoken in an isolated word mode by three speakers. It was found that the smoothing technique reduced recognition errors from 1% to 0.1%. To visualize such performance improvement, we used, together with recognition rate, "two-dimensional score plot," which shows the distribution of the best score of the true word and that of the remaining false ones in the vocabulary.
A low power 16 K GaAs HMESFET static RAM with built-in redundancy

The 4 K*4 GaAs HMESFET SRAM uses high value cermet resistors for memory cell load elements and incorporates an on-chip power switch. It is the first of a series of high-density E/D (enhancement/depletion) static RAM designs to be developed for high-speed applications. Latches for the address inputs and RAM outputs can be selectively clocked for pipelined operation or made transparent for asynchronous operation via mode control pins. Pipelined operation can be obtained with all registers clocked or with clocked input registers only. The new SRAM was developed assuming that fabrication yield, power consumption, and the operating temperature range of GaAs SRAMS need to be improved to make them useful in systems at the 16 K level of complexity. The RAM design implements laser redundancy circuits to improve yield and combines cermet memory cell resistors with an on-chip power switch to achieve 1 W power dissipation in operation and 8- mW in the standby mode. >
The Lobatto Cell: Robust, Explicit, Higher Order FDTD That Handles Inhomogeneous Media

To improve numerical dispersion and second-order convergence behavior of the traditional Yee finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm, various higher order finite difference implementations have been proposed. Many have difficulty handling interfaces between distinct dielectric media or metallic sheets, because the high-order Taylor expansions on which these codes are based are invalidated by field or derivative discontinuities. One-sided extensions/extrapolations are a common approach to remedy interface discontinuities. Here, another approach based upon Whitney form, mass lumped finite elements is pursued to develop the ldquoLobatto Cell,rdquo a high-order replacement for the Yee cell with appropriate continuity behavior at contrasting media interfaces. The Lobatto Cell retains many robust features of the Yee method (discrete conservation laws, a guarantee of conditional stability and straightforward explicit updating), but provides higher order interpolation and dispersion error convergence. A notable drawback of the method is larger modeling granularity (staircasing), which is managed here by combining the Lobatto Cell method with preexisting, robust subgridding techniques.
GASP-a genetic algorithm for standard cell placement

This paper describes the implementation of the Genetic Algorithm for Standard-cell Placement, GASP-1. As opposed to simulated annealing, which normally uses pairwise interchange for transforming the layout configuration, in a genetic algorithm, the crossover operator is used to combine two current configurations to generate a new configuration (similar to reproduction in living organisms). The traditional genetic crossover operator, as proposed by Holland, cannot be applied to the cell placement problem without modification, because it occasionally results in illegal placement. A great deal of effort has there fore been directed towards finding an efficient crossover operator for this problem domain. Three powerful crossover operators have been implemented, and their performance in reducing the interconnect length has been compared. The results of this comparison were conclusively in favor of Cycle crossover. Besides crossover, two other genetic operators --- mutation and inversion --- have been used to improve the efficiency of the search process. In order to benchmark the performance of GASP-1, the best possible compromise of the parameters was picked, and the algorithm was run to place five industrial circuits consisting of 100 to 800 cells. The results were very encouraging. The total number of configurations examined by GASP-1 was 19 to 50 times less than that for Timber Wolf 3.3 and the run time was marginally better. The percentage improvement in the wire length was better in three out of five circuits The overall conclusion from this research is that adaptive search based on the genetic algorithm yields results comparable to simulated annealing, both in the final result quality and computation time required.
Quality of life among carers of people with Huntington’s disease

Background: Long-term care of people with Huntington’s disease (HD) rests mainly with family or partner carers, and HD care presents burdens not seen in other disorders. Identifying factors that affect HD carer QoL may provide insights into easing carer burden. Aim: To describe the quality of life (QoL) of carers of people with HD. Methods: Thirty one HD carers completed the 34-item Huntington’s Disease Quality of Life Battery for Carers (HDQOL-C) questionnaire. Results: Fifty five per cent of the participants indicated a mid-level QoL. The number of hours spent caring inversely correlated with QoL. The number of times a carer socialised per month was positively related to QoL. Participants reported that access to affordable care programmes for the HD-affected person, more time for themselves, and social support would improve their QoL. Conclusions: Providing respite may improve HD carer QoL. Research on interventions to improve HD carer QoL is warranted.
Toward a Theory of Personalist Parties: Concept Formation and Theory Building

Personalistic leadership—the exercise of authority vested in influential individuals based on personal attributes rather than organizational role—is a political phenomenon not limited by time or space. But what do we mean when we say that a political leader or a party is “personalistic”? While the theme of personalist leadership is not absent from political analyses, there is a lack of scholarly consensus on core elements of the concept itself. The goal of this article is to define in clearer terms what personalism is and how it differs from concepts such as charisma, populism, and anti-establishment politics. We introduce a parsimonious definition based on intra-organizational power and identify a party as personalist if two conditions are met: a dominant leader and a weakly structured organization. Finally, we present a more comprehensive typology of parties based on those two criteria and briefly illustrate the utility of our approach for explaining personalist formations as a distinct organizational type. El liderazgo personalistico—el ejercicio de la autoridad atribuida a individuos influyentes basado en atributos personales en lugar de rol organizacional—es un fenomeno politico que no esta limitado por epoca historica o region geografica. Pero, ?que significa afirmar que un lider o partido politico son “personalisticos”? Mientras que la idea del liderazgo personalistico no ha estado ausente del analisis politico, existe una falta de consenso academico sobre los elementos centrales que definen al concepto. El objetivo de este estudio es definir en terminos mas claro que es el personalismo y como difiere de conceptos como carisma, populismo, politicas en contra del establecimiento. Introducimos una definicion concisa basada en el poder intra-organizacional, y se identifica un partido como personalista si se cumplen dos condiciones: un lider dominante y una organizacion pobremente estructurada. Finalmente, presentamos una tipologia comprehensiva de partidos politicos basada en estos dos criterios y brevemente ilustramos la utilidad de nuestro enfoque para explicar las formaciones personalistas como formas organizacionales distintivas.
A preliminary study on friction measurements in MEMS

This study of friction measurements in microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) is aimed at examining static friction measurement techniques, as well as exploring the effects of environmental parameters, including nitrogen, oxygen, and argon at various pressures and humidities. The coefficients of friction between silicon nitride and silicon nitride, silicon nitride and silicon, silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide, and silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide, and silicon dioxide and silicon at various gas pressures are presented along with preliminary interpretations. Exposing the samples to argon resulted in no change in the coefficients of friction, exposing the samples to nitrogen resulted in either a decrease or no change in the coefficients of friction, and exposing the samples to oxygen resulted in an increase in the coefficients of friction. The data suggest that nitrogen acts as a lubricant and adsorbed oxygen acts as an adhesive for the silicon or silicon compound materials tested. >
Adaptive asynchronous analog to digital conversion for compressed biomedical sensing

Compressed sensing enables direct analog to digital information conversion of signals at rates much lower than the Nyquist rate. This eliminates the need for computationally intensive, high speed data acquisition and digital signal processing for compression. We illustrate the use of an asynchronous analog to digital converter (ADC) as a low power, low complexity compressed sensing digitizer of biomedical signals at source. A variable input-slope dependent adaptive technique is proposed for increased compression, reduced slope overload distortion error for fast moving signals, and reduced power consumption. ECG signal compression in a simulated environment, shows large compression for a given mean squared error compared to synchronous Nyquist rate A/D converters and a regular asynchronous A/D converter.
Inferring 3D body pose from silhouettes using activity manifold learning

We aim to infer 3D body pose directly from human silhouettes. Given a visual input (silhouette), the objective is to recover the intrinsic body configuration, recover the viewpoint, reconstruct the input and detect any spatial or temporal outliers. In order to recover intrinsic body configuration (pose) from the visual input (silhouette), we explicitly learn view-based representations of activity manifolds as well as learn mapping functions between such central representations and both the visual input space and the 3D body pose space. The body pose can be recovered in a closed form in two steps by projecting the visual input to the learned representations of the activity manifold, i.e., finding the point on the learned manifold representation corresponding to the visual input, followed by interpolating 3D pose.
Tropane Ethyl Esters in Illicit Cocaine: Isolation, Detection, and Determination of New Manufacturing By-Products from the Clandestine Purification of Crude Cocaine Base with Ethanol

Abstract Seven ethyl homologues of known tropane esters have recently been detected as impurities in the gas chromatographic signature profiles of authentic Peruvian illicit cocaine base and hydrochloride exhibits. Peruvian cocaine base processors are now known to use ethanol for the purification of crude cocaine base. This process is referred to as the "base lavada" or "washed base" process and is a recent substitute method for the potassium permanganate oxidation purification methodology. Seven ethyl ester homologues were formed in illicit cocaine from the transesterification of known tropane methyl esters or possibly ethyl esterification of their respective tropane C-2 carboxylic acids in the presence of ethanol. Exhibits containing these compounds were subjected to gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses to determine their identity and were subsequently synthesized to verify their structures. Quantitative determinations were obtained from ion-pair chromatography isolation followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Specifically, hexanoylecgonine ethyl ester, cocaethylene, cis-cinnamoylecgonine ethyl ester, trans-cinnamoylecgonine ethyl ester, 3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoylecgonine ethyl ester, cis-3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoylecgonine ethyl ester, and trans-3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoylecgonine ethyl ester were detected and characterized. When present, these compounds were detected at levels ranging from 8.6 x 10(-4) to 9.3 x 10(-1)% relative to cocaine.
African American Locational Attainment before the Civil Rights Era

The conventional wisdom is that due to intense discrimination, prior to the Civil Rights era blacks of all classes lived side by side. Individual socioeconomic status did not translate into improve...
Upper and lower limits on the stability of calving glaciers from the yield strength envelope of ice

Observations indicate that substantial changes in the dynamics of marine-terminating ice sheets and glaciers are tightly coupled to calving-induced changes in the terminus position. However, the calving process itself remains poorly understood and is not well parametrized in current numerical ice sheet models. In this study, we address this uncertainty by deriving plausible upper and lower limits for the maximum stable ice thickness at the calving face of marine-terminating glaciers, using two complementary models. The first model assumes that a combination of tensile and shear failure can render the ice cliff near the terminus unstable and/or enable pre-existing crevasses to intersect. A direct consequence of this model is that thick glaciers must terminate in deep water to stabilize the calving front, yielding a predicted maximum ice cliff height that increases with increasing water depth, consistent with observations culled from glaciers in West Greenland, Antarctica, Svalbard and Alaska. The second model considers an analogous lower limit derived by assuming that the ice is already fractured and fractures are lubricated by pore pressure. In this model, a floating ice tongue can only form when the ice entering the terminus region is relatively intact with few pre-existing, deeply penetrating crevasses.
Genome-wide analysis of estrogen receptor binding sites

The estrogen receptor is the master transcriptional regulator of breast cancer phenotype and the archetype of a molecular therapeutic target. We mapped all estrogen receptor and RNA polymerase II binding sites on a genome-wide scale, identifying the authentic cis binding sites and target genes, in breast cancer cells. Combining this unique resource with gene expression data demonstrates distinct temporal mechanisms of estrogen-mediated gene regulation, particularly in the case of estrogen-suppressed genes. Furthermore, this resource has allowed the identification of cis-regulatory sites in previously unexplored regions of the genome and the cooperating transcription factors underlying estrogen signaling in breast cancer.
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells in renal fibrosis: a new twist on an old tale

Recent publications have questioned whether epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells is an important contributor to renal fibrosis. Two recent publications describe an intratubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-like program of epithelial cell dedifferentiation that may contribute to the recruitment or proliferation of interstitial myofibroblasts after kidney injury.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of late Na current inhibition (ranolazine) in coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD): impact on angina and myocardial perfusion reserve.

Aims The mechanistic basis of the symptoms and signs of myocardial ischaemia in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and evidence of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to mechanistically test short-term late sodium current inhibition (ranolazine) in such subjects on angina, myocardial perfusion reserve index, and diastolic filling. Materials and results Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, mechanistic trial in subjects with evidence of CMD [invasive coronary reactivity testing or non-invasive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI)]. Short-term oral ranolazine 500–1000 mg twice daily for 2 weeks vs. placebo. Angina measured by Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) and SAQ-7 (co-primaries), diary angina (secondary), stress MPRI, diastolic filling, quality of life (QoL). Of 128 (96% women) subjects, no treatment differences in the outcomes were observed. Peak heart rate was lower during pharmacological stress during ranolazine (−3.55 b.p.m., P < 0.001). The change in SAQ-7 directly correlated with the change in MPRI (correlation 0.25, P = 0.005). The change in MPRI predicted the change in SAQ QoL, adjusted for body mass index (BMI), prior myocardial infarction, and site ( P = 0.0032). Low coronary flow reserve (CFR <2.5) subjects improved MPRI ( P < 0.0137), SAQ angina frequency ( P = 0.027), and SAQ-7 ( P = 0.041). Conclusions In this mechanistic trial among symptomatic subjects, no obstructive CAD, short-term late sodium current inhibition was not generally effective for SAQ angina. Angina and myocardial perfusion reserve changes were related, supporting the notion that strategies to improve ischaemia should be tested in these subjects. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: [NCT01342029][1]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01342029&atom=%2Fehj%2F37%2F19%2F1504.atom
Protective Effect of Ventilation Hood Device in Glue-coating Post of A Sensor Manufacturer

[Objective]To probe the protective effect of ventilation hood device on workers exposed to organic solvent in glue-coating post.[Methods]Through the field survey,the air toxicant concentration was monitored before and after ventilation hood device open.[Results]The concentrations of air organic solvents such as benzene,toluene,xylene,ethylbenzene in workshop were not exceeded standards,while the combined effect of organic solvent should also be considered(k total=1.11.0),and the concentration with ventilation hood open was lower than that with it closed.The difference was statistically significant(P0.05).[Conclusion]Ventilation hood can effectively reduce the concentration of organic solvent and protect workers' health.
Analysis on the epidemic situation of hand foot and mouth disease in Dongguan (2009-2010)

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Dongguan (2009-2010) and put forward the measures for prevention and control of the disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the data on HFMD between 2009 and 2010. Enterovirus (EV) in throat swab or faeces was tested by RT-PCR. Results 9 263 and 22 721 HFMD cases were reported in Dongguan in 2009 and 2010, respevtively. The incidence rates of HFMD were 127.34 per 100 000 in 2009 and 373.28 per 100 000 in 2010. Cases under 5 years old accounted for 91.68% (2009) and 92.15% (2010). Scattered-living children accounted for 78.26% (2009) and 73.58% (2010); and boys accounted for 65.29% (2009) and 65.27% (2010). The disease incidence was mainly in April and October both in 2009 and 2010, and the peak was in April. Nearly all of the outbreaks occurred in kindergartens. 49.30% (2009) and 53.65% (2010) of the laboratory confirmed cases were caused by EV71, and all of the death cases were caused by EV71 infection..The latent infection rate of EV in the healthy subjects was 11.67% (2009) and 95.24% (2010), and the infection was caused by other strains of EV virus. Conclusions The incidence of HFMD in 2010 was greater than 2009. Programs on the etiology surveillance, disease control and prevention should be strengthen in the scattered-living children population and in the kindergartens.
Optimal threshold control for energy arbitrage with degradable battery storage

Energy arbitrage has the potential to make electric grids more efficient and reliable. Batteries hold great promise for energy storage in arbitrage but can degrade rapidly with use. In this paper, we analyze the impact of storage degradation on the structure of optimal policies in energy arbitrage. We derive properties of the battery degradation response that are sufficient for the existence of optimal threshold policies, which are easy to interpret and compute. Our experimental results suggest that explicitly considering battery degradation in optimizing energy arbitrage significantly improves solution quality.
Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement.

Recent attempts to measure the quality of life or subjective well-being show promise for a more helpful and accurate appraisal of the collective and individual state of people than objective, econo...
A Time-Adaptive Heuristic for Cognitive Cloud Offloading in Multi-RAT Enabled Wireless Devices

We introduce the concept of cognitive cloud offloading where all viable wireless interfaces of a multiple radio enabled device are used for computation offloading. We propose a time and wireless adaptive heuristic for offloading computationally intensive applications to a remote cloud with goals of reducing the energy consumption on the mobile device, execution time of the application, and efficient use of the multiple radio interfaces available at the device. The proposed algorithms simultaneously determine: 1) execution place of each application component (mobile/cloud); 2) amount of the associated data to be sent via each available interface of the multiple radio access technology device; and 3) scheduling order of the application components. We define a net utility function that trades off mobile device resources (battery, CPU, and memory) with realtime communication costs, such as latency and communication energy, subject to constraints that ensure queue stability of radio interfaces. Simulations using real data from an HTC smartphone running multi-component applications with Amazon EC2 as the cloud, and two radios, LTE and WiFi, show that cognitive cloud offloading provides higher net utility in comparison to the best-interface protocol. Scalability of the proposed heuristic is further analyzed using various levels for component dependency graphs and energy-delay trade-off factors.
Management of Strabismus in Thyroid Eye Disease

Strabismus associated with thyroid eye disease results in significant impairment of daily activities and a decreased quality of life. Eye muscle surgery restores good ocular alignment and relieves diplopia in primary and reading gaze positions in more than 80 % of cases. Patients frequently undergo orbital decompression prior to eye muscle surgery. The most common patterns of strabismus include unilateral and bilateral inferior rectus restriction causing limited upgaze and unilateral or bilateral medial rectus tightness causing esotropia and limitation of abduction. Determining the amount of recession for tight muscles is difficult, and the response to a given amount of recession does not follow the nomograms that are utilized for nonrestrictive strabismus; this leads to the necessity of using adjustable suture techniques or other methods that allow for the positioning of the recessed muscle insertions based on intraoperative findings. The management of patients with TED and strabismus poses significant surgical challenges that are addressed in this chapter. General principles of evaluation are presented, and surgical techniques, pitfalls, and outcomes are described.
Personal Freezing and Stylistic Melting: Hard Labour

If anything could stand still, it would be crushed and dissipated by the torrent it resisted, and if it were a mind, would be crazed; as insane persons are who hold fast to one thought, and do not flow with the course of nature. –Ralph Waldo Emerson In his Biographia Literaria , Coleridge argued that the primary exercise of the imagination is not high-level cognitive events like thoughts, dreams, and fantasies, but basic perceptual activity – how we see, hear, and feel the world. The functioning of our senses, what we notice and care about (or don't) from one second to the next is the supreme embodiment of our imaginations. Leigh's early works – particularly Bleak Moments, Hard Labour, The Kiss of Death, Grown-Ups , and Meantime – confirm Coleridge's observation. They don't just tell interesting stories about unusual figures; they give us new eyes and ears, new powers of perception. They open a new world to view. One might say that only a weak artist thinks the function of art is to leave the ordinary world behind to fly off into a realm of dreams or fantasies. Leigh offers new ways of feeling and seeing the world we live in. Of course, seeing and feeling freshly are easier said than done. We are born into patterns of feeling and thinking that are hard to get beyond. We encounter experience through such a haze of intellectual cliches and hand-me-down emotions that our perceptions are as conventional as our television shows.
Chinese Glass Paintings in Bangkok Monasteries

Reverse glass paintings, a form of Chinese export art, were extensively traded in the nineteenth century. Several examples are on display in prominent Thai Buddhist monasteries in Bangkok. King Nangklao of Siam, Rama III, encouraged Sino-Siamese trade that brought Chinese objects and images to nineteenth-century Siam. The ideals of accretion and abundance characteristic of Thai Buddhism and the sinophilia of Rama III facilitated the construction of “Chinese-style” Thai temples. Glass paintings with scenes of the Pearl River Delta, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, auspicious objects, and bird-and-flower compositions were installed in temples and inspired new directions in Thai mural painting.
Efficient Parallel Computation of Projections for Animated Volume Visualization

In this paper, we parallelize a new efficient approximate projection algorithm for volume rendering. The algorithm is unique in that it computes N different views simultaneously, much faster than these projections could be computed independently. It is thus ideal for computing animated sequences of views. We implement and evaluate the algorithm on a MasPar MP-1. We render a 128x128x128 data set at up to 21 frames per second average on a 1K PE MasPar MP-1 using gray scale volumetric compositing (simpler transformations are computed even faster).
An apple a day may not keep the doctor away, if you have AML

Increased aerobic glycolysis with lactate production (the Warburg effect) is a common feature of cancer. Because most normal cells do not rely on the Warburg effect, aberrant metabolic pathways may represent a therapeutic vulnerability in the treatment of cancer. Aberrant metabolism has also been
In Defense of Operant Conditioning Programs in Mental Institutions

Unsophisticated evaluation of operant conditioning programs has resulted in the adoption of questionable restrictions on the use of operant techniques in all of Minnesota’s state mental institutions. These restrictions are used as a basis for discussion of a number of objections to the use of operant conditioning techniques and procedures.
Acting one way and talking another: China's coercive economic diplomacy in East Asia and beyond

ABSTRACTOver the last two decades, China has experienced one of the most dramatic and sustained periods of economic growth in world history. China's use of economic statecraft provides an important venue in which to examine the role of unacknowledged ‘coercive diplomacy’ within the context of China's ‘peaceful rise discourse.’ In contrast to Western countries, which have overtly used sanctions and other forms of economic coercion, China has publicly denied any such policies while at the same time quietly pursuing them. China's denial of using coercive economic statecraft has muted the reactions of neighboring publics and government, but it cannot entirely forestall them. Without seriously undermining China's ‘peaceful-rising’ image, a more explicit statement from Beijing regarding its coercive economic measure could provide deterrence and assurance to China's neighbors in resolving the disputes. This article first surveys existing literature on economic statecraft focusing on the coercive aspects of such ...
An Integrated View of the Chemical Biology of NO, CO, H2S, and O2

Abstract It is clear that the small molecule signals/bioregulators NO, CO, H 2 S, and O 2 all possess unique and important physiological functions. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that these species can interact with each other, control each other’s biosynthesis, and/or compete at biological targets. Thus, the biological actions of one species can be altered by the presence of another. For these reasons, a complete understanding of the physiology of one small molecule bioregulator requires an integrated view that considers the others (as well as derived species). Herein, a brief discussion of the chemistry and biology of NO, CO, H 2 S, and O 2 is given with an emphasis on the potential interaction between them.
Is population activity more than the sum of its parts

A study introduces innovative ways to test whether neural population activity exhibits structure above and beyond that of its basic components.
Universal Pre-Ejection Period Estimation Using Seismocardiography: Quantifying the Effects of Sensor Placement and Regression Algorithms

Seismocardiography (SCG), the measurement of local chest vibrations due to the heart and blood movement, is a non-invasive technique to assess cardiac contractility via systolic time intervals such as the pre-ejection period (PEP). Recent studies show that SCG signals measured before and after exercise can effectively classify compensated and decompensated heart failure (HF) patients through PEP estimation. However, the morphology of the SCG signal varies from person to person and sensor placement making it difficult to automatically estimate PEP from SCG and electrocardiogram signals using a global model. In this proof-of-concept study, we address this problem by extracting a set of timing features from SCG signals measured from multiple positions on the upper body. We then test global regression models that combine all the detected features to identify the most accurate model for PEP estimation obtained from the best performing regressor and the best sensor location or combination of locations. Our results show that ensemble regression using XGBoost with a combination of sensors placed on the sternum and below the left clavicle provide the best RMSE = 11.6 ± 0.4 ms across all subjects. We also show that placing the sensor below the left or right clavicle rather than the conventional placement on the sternum results in more accurate PEP estimates.