cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myocardial apoptosis in a heterotopic murine heart transplantation model of chronic rejection and graft vasculopathy.

Background: Apoptosis has been implicated in myocardial reperfusion injury and in experimental transplantation rejection. One mechanism of apoptosis is through the interaction of the cell-surface Fas receptor on target cells and the Fas ligand that is expressed on cytotoxic T cells. The purpose of this study was to look for evidence of myocardial Fas receptor, Fas ligand, and apoptosis in a murine heterotopic heart transplantation model of chronic rejection/graft vasculopathy. Methods: Using the nick-end labeling technique, we examined a murine heterotopic heart transplantation model of chronic rejection/graft vasculopathy (strain B10.A to B10.BR) histologically for evidence of DNA fragmentation. MRNA for the Fas receptor, Fas ligand, and β-actin was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results: Hearts harvested after 30 and 60 days showed an intimal index of the allografts (0.5 ± 0.1) (mean ± standard error) that was at least five times more than syngeneic grafts and native (nontransplanted) hearts (p < 0.01). In situ nick end-labeling of partially degraded DNA with terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase showed an increase in apoptotic cells in allografts and syngeneic grafts compared with native hearts. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected equal myocardial RNA signal intensity of Fas receptor and β-actin in allografts, syngeneic grafts, and native hearts. In contrast, allografts showed a strong signal for the Fas ligand mRNA, a signal not seen in syngeneic grafts or native hearts. Conclusions: Apoptosis is occurring in both allografts and syngeneic grafts in this murine model of chronic rejection/graft vasculopathy, although distinct mechanisms may be involved. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:250-5.
A Generalized Dirichlet Distribution in Bayesian Life Testing

Let F(x) be the c.d.f. for some population of life times. For real numbers tl O and F(tk))<1, let Pi = F(tl) and pi = F(ti) F(ti-1) for i = 2, 3, ..., k. A generalized Dirichlet prior distribution for p = (Pl, ...,Pk) having density function f(p) oc Hk 1p'-1 (1 -pl ... p) is considered. An intuitive justification for using this density is given and its properties are studied. Comparisons are made between this distribution and the Dirichlet distribution. The posterior distribution of F(ti) is also considered.
Postoperative tonsillectomy bleeding complications in children: A comparison of three surgical techniques

Abstract Objective & hypothesis Stated in the Null form: There will be no difference in primary or secondary hemorrhage rate in children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy across three surgical techniques: PEAK Plasmablade, electric monopolar cautery, coblation. Study design Retrospective chart analysis. Setting Academic Medical Center: Children's Hospital. Subjects & methods Electronic chart data were collected from patient's age 2–18 years who underwent tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, at a tertiary pediatric hospital between June 2011 to May 2013 by electric monopolar cautery, coblation, or PEAK PlasmaBlade. Treatment outcomes following each of these surgical approaches, relative to rate of post-operative primary and secondary bleeding, hospital admission, and emergency department visits were compared. Results A total of 1780 patients that had tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were evaluated. There was a significant difference in bleed rate by age with older patients having more bleeding post-procedure than their younger counterparts. There was also a difference in bleeding frequency by diagnosis. Patients with a diagnosis of OSA were less likely to experience a postoperative bleed than children with either recurrent tonsillitis or both. Significance was evident between post-op hemorrhage rate and instrumentation (χ2 = 11.17, df = 2, p = 0.004). The majority of bleeds occurred with coblation (58.9%), while PEAK had only 17.8% and cautery 23%. Conclusion The null hypothesis was rejected. That is, PEAK PlasmaBlade was safe and effective, with statistically less postoperative bleeding and ED visits, especially when compared to coblation techniques. Coblation patients had the highest rates of postoperative bleeding.
Spectral Theory for Perturbations of Unbounded Linear Operators

In this chapter we first study the spectral theory of completely continuous perturbations of unbounded Fredholm operators in the non-archimedean Hilbert space \( \mathbb{E}_{\omega } \).
My Current Thinking on the Scope and Nature of Regional Science and Opportunities for Its Advance in Basic Research and Policy Analyses

With my part of the history of the Regional Science Association, International now complete, I would like to present some history of my thinking about and approaches to location, regional and spatial research.
The Feasibility of Using Causal Indicators in Educational Measurement

The authors of the focus article describe an important issue related to the use and interpretation of causal indicators within the context of structural equation modeling (SEM). In the focus articl...
Fuzzy Logic Programming Based Knowledge Analysis for Qualitative Comparative Analysis

This paper presents a way to combine outcomes of various studies in a meta analysis framework that can use the results of mixed methods and also provide query based output for intelligent decision making. We enhance the Qualitative Comparative Analysis by utilizing fuzzy logic programming to provide effective ways of combining output of various studies. The results from various studies are used to develop an axiomatic knowledge database, and then the fuzzy programming logic engine processes it to present logical answers to decision maker’s queries to the system. We present a sample application to show the methodology being applied to an example problem.
Of Textual Demise and Literary Renewal: George Sand and the Problematics of Epistolary Autobiography

(1994). Of Textual Demise and Literary Renewal: George Sand and the Problematics of Epistolary Autobiography. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 9, Canons and Traditions, pp. 212-230.
SEROUS RETINOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH CISPLATIN TREATMENT.

Background/Purpose:To describe a case of serous retinopathy and associated photoreceptor atrophy after intravenous cisplatin therapy.Methods:Evaluation was performed using electroretinogram, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and funduscopic examinations to assess the extent of r
Competitive Mobile Targeting

We investigate in a competitive setting the consequences of mobile targeting, the practice of firms setting prices based on consumers’ real-time locations. A distinct market feature of mobile targeting is that a consumer could travel across different locations for an offer that minimizes his total cost of buying. This cherry picking opportunity imposes constraints on firms to carefully balance prices across locations, which in turn weakens their price competition at each location. As a result, a firm’s profit can be higher under mobile targeting than under uniform pricing or under targeted pricing based on consumers’ permanent location. Extending the main model, we also discuss how the profitability of mobile targeting may change with the fraction of consumers who are mobile accessible to the firms, the distribution of consumers across locations, and the possibility of tracing down a consumer’s base location and restricting him to offers at that location. Our findings have important managerial implications for marketers who are interested in optimizing their mobile targeting strategies.
Rumor Initiator Detection in Infected Signed Networks

In many cases, the information spread in an online network may not always be truthful or correct; such information corresponds to rumors. In recent years, signed networks have become increasingly popular because of their ability to represent diverse relationships such as friends, enemies, trust, and distrust. Signed networks are ideal for information flow in a network with varying beliefs (trust or distrust) about facts. In this paper, we will study the problem of influence analysis and diffusion models in signed networks and investigate the problem of rumor initiator detection, given the state of the network at a given moment in time. Conventional information diffusion models for unsigned networks cannot be applied to signed networks directly, and we show that the rumor initiator detection problem is NP-hard. We propose a new information diffusion model, referred to as asyMmetric Flipping Cascade (MFC), to model the propagation of information in signed networks. Based on MFC, a novel framework, Rumor Initiator Detector (RID), is introduced to determine the potential number and the identity of the rumor initiators from the state of the network at a given time. Extensive experiments conducted on real-world signed networks demonstrate that MFC works very well in modeling information diffusion in signed networks and RID can significantly outperform other comparison methods in identifying rumor initiators.
Effect of Pre and Post Moisture Level on Preemergence Control of Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta L.) with Flumioxazin

Moisture is an important component to activate preemergence herbicides; however, this aspect had not been investigated in soilless substrate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pre-application moisture levels and post-application irrigation levels in the preemergence control of hairy bittercress with flumioxazin in a pine bark substrate. Three similar experiments were conducted over a 13-month period. Treatments were a factorial arrangement at the following variables: three pre-application moisture levels (dry, medium and wet), two flumioxazin formulations (granular and spray), two flumioxazin rates [0.28 and 0.42 kg ai·ha−1 (0.250 and 0.375 lb ai·A−1)] and four levels of single-event, post-application irrigation [0.6, 1.3, 2.5 and 5.1 cm (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 in)]. Treated pots were overseeded with 25 hairy bittercress at 1 week after flumioxazin application. Pre-application moisture did not affect the flumioxazin efficacy at any time and treatment. The spray formulation (S...
Cortical disconnection of the ipsilesional primary motor cortex is associated with gait speed and upper extremity motor impairment in chronic left hemispheric stroke.

Advances in neuroimaging have enabled the mapping of white matter connections across the entire brain, allowing for a more thorough examination of the extent of white matter disconnection after stroke. To assess how cortical disconnection contributes to motor impairments, we examined the relationship between structural brain connectivity and upper and lower extremity motor function in individuals with chronic stroke. Forty-three participants [mean age: 59.7 (±11.2) years; time poststroke: 64.4 (±58.8) months] underwent clinical motor assessments and MRI scanning. Nonparametric correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between structural connectivity amid a subsection of the motor network and upper/lower extremity motor function. Standard multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between cortical necrosis and disconnection of three main cortical areas of motor control [primary motor cortex (M1), premotor cortex (PMC), and supplementary motor area (SMA)] and motor function. Anatomical connectivity between ipsilesional M1/SMA and the (1) cerebral peduncle, (2) thalamus, and (3) red nucleus were significantly correlated with upper and lower extremity motor performance (P ≤ 0.003). M1-M1 interhemispheric connectivity was also significantly correlated with gross manual dexterity of the affected upper extremity (P = 0.001). Regression models with M1 lesion load and M1 disconnection (adjusted for time poststroke) explained a significant amount of variance in upper extremity motor performance (R2 = 0.36-0.46) and gait speed (R2 = 0.46), with M1 disconnection an independent predictor of motor performance. Cortical disconnection, especially of ipsilesional M1, could significantly contribute to variability seen in locomotor and upper extremity motor function and recovery in chronic stroke. Hum Brain Mapp 39:120-132, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex II

Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), complex II, is an important component of both the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle. This is the only one of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes that is completely encoded by nuclear genes; SDHA, B, C, and D. Recently, two nuclear-encoded assembly factors SDHFA1 and 2 have been identified. Mutations in all four subunit genes and the two assembly factors have now been reported. SDHA and SDHFA1 mutations primarily cause encephalomyopathy in childhood while mutations in the other three subunits and SDHFA2 have been associated with tumor formation. SDH oxidizes succinate as part of the Krebs cycle and in tandem effects the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone. Mutations affecting the former function appear to result in encephalomyelopathy, while mutations affecting electron transfer within the complex appear to result in tumor formation. The dual role of SDH thus appears to account for the major differences in the phenotypes associated with SDH deficiency. This chapter explores the structure and function of the different subunits of SDH, their role in mitochondrial function, and how their dysfunction results in disease. Identifying SDH mutations as important underlying causes of disease enables genetic counseling, early diagnosis, and management of at risk relatives.
Abdominal Muscle Density Is Inversely Related to Adiposity Inflammatory Mediators.

ABSTRACTPurposeSkeletal muscle is the largest regulator of glucose metabolism, but few population-based studies have examined the associations between muscle and inflammation. We studied the relationships between abdominal muscle area and density with selected adiposity-associated inflammatory media
An Evaluation of Management by Objectives

Five critical questions—and the responses to them—are enumerated to enable agency executives to assess program effectiveness and efficiency
Priority Based Wireless Multi-Network Selection Games

With increase in the number of connected wireless devices, simultaneous use of multiple wireless networks has been proposed as a solution to improve throughput and reduce congestion. The autonomous choice of networks by clients leads to a network selection game, where selfish clients strategize to find the best set of providers. In this network selection game, we define client utility as a function of the throughput achieved when the number of such network connections is constrained. The throughput model is based on capacity sharing and incorporates link dependent PHY rates and priority levels of the clients. This paper studies the stability of the network selection game and provides bounds on the inefficiency of such games. We also present results based on simulation studies.
Computer-aided design and computer science technology

A description is presented of computer-aided design requirements and the resulting computer science advances needed to support aerospace design. The aerospace design environment is examined, taking into account problems of data handling and aspects of computer hardware and software. The interactive terminal is normally the primary interface between the computer system and the engineering designer. Attention is given to user aids, interactive design, interactive computations, the characteristics of design information, data management requirements, hardware advancements, and computer science developments.
Functional Approach to Strong-Coupling in (QED)4 and (QCD)4

In these Lectures, the “Infrared (IR) Method” for extracting relevant low-frequency behavior is described for four-dimensional QED and QCD, using different techniques appropriate to the different theories. The subjects briefly covered are the following.
Space Technology and Earth System Science

Science must continue to drive the technology development. Partnering and Data Sharing among nations is very important to maximize the cost benefits of such investments Climate changes and adaptability will be a big challenge for the next several decades (1) Natural disasters frequency and locations (2) Economic and social impact can be global and (3) Water resources and management.
Functional Assessment of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix in Patients Undergoing LVAD Implantation

Purpose While changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been demonstrated in the failing heart, changes in mechanical ECM properties are unknown. We aimed to determine the biomechanical properties of ECM obtained from myocardial tissue samples at the time of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Methods Myocardial tissue samples obtained at the time of LVAD implantation underwent decellularization and determination of the stress-strain relationship. Storage modulus (G’, an assessment of elastic properties) and loss modulus (G’’, an assessment of viscous properties) were compared against the likelihood of clinical recovery as computed using an established predictive model, the INTERMACS Cardiac Recovery Score (I-CARS). Results 14 myocardial samples were obtained and analyzed at the time of LVAD implantation. Mean age was 48.8 years (range: 17-74). 11 subjects were male (79%) with ischemic etiology in 3 (21%). Mean ejection fraction was 19.2% ± 7.2%. Storage and loss modulus of the ECM samples were grouped into tertiles based on the likelihood of myocardial recovery as predicted by I-CARS score. The group with the lowest recovery likelihood (0.0%, I-CARS score of 0-3) had the highest average value of storage modulus (1312 ±1553 Pa at 1 rad/s). The group with intermediate recovery likelihood (6.3%, I-CARS score of 4-6) had intermediate average value (781 ±517 Pa at 1 rad/s). The group with the highest recovery likelihood (38.9%, I-CARS score of 7-9) had the lowest average value (450 ±308 Pa at 1 rad/s). Similar trends were seen with loss modulus (figure). Conclusion Analysis of ECM in myocardial tissue samples obtained at the time of LVAD implantation showed a trend toward lower storage modulus and loss modulus in those with a higher predicted likelihood of myocardial recovery based on the I-CARS recovery score. The functional properties of decellularized ECM can be assessed ex vivo and may represent an independent parameter for myocardial recoverability.
Important considerations for women in the late reproductive and perimenopausal years desiring myomectomy.

Purpose of review To review important considerations in the counseling and management of women over the age of 40 desiring a myomectomy for symptomatic fibroids. Recent findings Women in the late reproductive and perimenopausal years may choose a myomectomy over a hysterectomy for reasons of fertility preservation or a personal desire to retain their uterus. Data suggest that laparoscopic myomectomy is a low-risk procedure that can be offered to older women, though the age-related risk of uterine malignancy must be evaluated. Summary When assessing the surgical candidacy of older women desiring myomectomy, it is important to weigh a woman's fertility potential, surgical risk, and concerns about malignancy with her desire to preserve the uterus and autonomy to choose a procedure type.
Updates in Ocular Antifungal Pharmacotherapy: Formulation and Clinical Perspectives

In this review, a compilation on the current antifungal pharmacotherapy is discussed, with emphases on the updates in the formulation and clinical approaches of the routinely used antifungal drugs in ocular therapy. Natamycin (Natacyn® eye drops) remains the only approved medication in the management of ocular fungal infections. This monotherapy shows therapeutic outcomes in superficial ocular fungal infections, but in case of deep-seated mycoses or endophthalmitis, successful therapeutic outcomes are infrequent, as a result of which alternative therapies are sought. In such cases, amphotericin B, azoles, and echinocandins are used off-label, either in combination with natamycin or with each other (frequently) or as standalone monotherapies, and have provided effective therapeutic outcomes. In recent times, amphotericin B, azoles, and echinocandins have come to occupy an important niche in ocular antifungal pharmacotherapy, along with natamycin (still the preferred choice in most clinical cases), in the management of ocular fungal infections.
Comparison between a facemask and mouthpiece on breathing mechanics and gas exchange variables during high-intensity exercise

Gas-collection masks are used as a comfortable alternative to the traditional mouthpiece and noseclip during exercise testing protocols in human performance laboratories. However, these masks may i...
Crop signal markers facilitate crop detection and weed removal from lettuce and tomato by an intelligent cultivator

Increasing weed control costs and limited herbicide options threaten vegetable crop profitability. Traditional interrow mechanical cultivation is very effective at removing weeds between crop rows. However, weed control within the crop rows is necessary to establish the crop and prevent yield loss. Currently, many vegetable crops require hand weeding to remove weeds within the row that remain after traditional cultivation and herbicide use. Intelligent cultivators have come into commercial use to remove intrarow weeds and reduce cost of hand weeding. Intelligent cultivators currently on the market such as the Robovator, use pattern recognition to detect the crop row. These cultivators do not differentiate crops and weeds and do not work well among high weed populations. One approach to differentiate weeds is to place a machine-detectable mark or signal on the crop (i.e., the crop has the mark and the weed does not), thereby facilitating weed/crop differentiation. Lettuce and tomato plants were marked with labels and topical markers, then cultivated with an intelligent cultivator programmed to identify the markers. Results from field trials in marked tomato and lettuce found that the intelligent cultivator removed 90% more weeds from tomato and 66% more weeds from lettuce than standard cultivators without reducing yields. Accurate crop and weed differentiation described here resulted in a 45% to 48% reduction in hand-weeding time per hectare.Nomenclature: lettuce, Lactuca sativa L.; tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L
Moving Beyond Abstract Typologies? Overview of State and State-Corporate Crime:

The core focus of politicians, citizens, and the majority of criminologists continues to be on the most banal forms of lawbreaking street crimes. Yet state crimes occur vastly more often and are po...
Topology optimization and finite element analysis of a jet dragster engine mount

In a jet dragster race car, the engine mount is one of the important components of an engine sub-assembly. The mounting system is the primary interface between the jet engine and the vehicle chassi...
Cultural Proximity or Cultural Distance? Selecting Media Content among Turkish Diasporic Audiences in Germany

This study focuses on the consumption of Turkish cultural products (TV serials) among second- and third-generation members of the Turkish diaspora. It provides a comparative analysis of diasporans ...
All-Passive Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) Antenna Array for Sum and Difference Patterns

Monopulse tracker is well-known for using the sum and difference radiation patterns for track, typically done electronically. The objective of this work is to create a dual band all-passive antenna array with composite right hand feed transmission lines to obtain the sum and difference patterns. A dual-band Wilkinson power divider has been designed for inphase output at 2.6 GHz and a phase difference of 180° at 1.8 GHz achieved by using a CRLH transmission line in one of the output arms. This is incorporated in a microstrip feed system to obtain the sum and difference patterns. Design optimization has been done using ANSYS HFSS. The antenna array has been fabricated and the sum pattern has been validated. Work is in progress to validate the difference pattern.
The Earned Income Tax Credit: A Study of Eligible Participants vs. Non-participants

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, this study (N = 1,504) showed that about half the EITC eligible tax filers in 2001 did not file EITC tax returns and that differences between EITC tax filers and non-EITC tax filers varied by birth place, Food Stamp program participation, marital status, race, residence, sex, socioeconomic history, and worker classification. Findings suggested that the EITC is well targeted in the sense that economically marginalized groups are likely to participate and that increased outreach efforts are also needed to ensure greater participation among tax filers eligible for the EITC but who are less likely to claim it, especially self-employed persons and those residing in the Northeast.
Near-Infrared Photometry of Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn

We present JHKs photometry of 10 Jovian and 4 Saturnian irregular satellites, taken with the Near-InfraRed Imager (NIRI) at the 8-m Gemini North Observatory on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The observed objects have near-infrared colors consistent with C, P and D-type asteroids, although J XII Ananke and S IX Phoebe show weak indications of possible water features in the H filter. The four members of the Himalia-family have similar near-infrared colors, as do the two members of the Gallic family, S XX Paaliaq and S XXIX Siarnaq. From low resolution normalized reflectance spectra based on the broadband colors and covering 0.4 to 2.2 microns, the irregular satellites are identified as C-type (J VII Pasiphae, J VI Himalia and S IX Phoebe), P-type (J XII Ananke and J XVIII Themisto) and D-type (J IX Carme and J X Sinope), showing a diversity of origins of these objects.
Foreword: The Way to Carnegie

This Foreword introduces a national symposium collection on clinical and experiential education in law schools. It reviews the history of that educational model, and offers a precis about each article in the symposium issue.
Wideband Single-Layer FSS-Based Electromagnetic Absorber Using Complementary Susceptances

This paper investigates the circuit model of an electromagnetic absorber based on a single-layer frequency-selective surface exhibiting a thin $(t profile and broadband absorption. The circuit model is decomposed into series and parallel susceptances, which are then made complementary near $\boldsymbol{\omega}_{0}$ in an effort to maximize bandwidth. As a result, a versatile design strategy is developed with only three input dependencies: mean absorption frequency $\boldsymbol{\omega_{0}}$ , desired absorption magnitude, and desired absorber thickness $\boldsymbol{t}$ . The required circuit values can be directly defined in terms of these three design specifications.
Survey data on orientations, boot camps, and pre-matriculation programs in schools/colleges of pharmacy

A survey about orientations, boot camps, and pre-matriculation programs in schools/colleges of pharmacy was approved by the South College Institutional Review Board (IRB). The survey was sent electronically to Assistant/Associate Deans of Academic Affairs or administrators in similar positions at schools/colleges of pharmacy in October 2016. The survey was closed two months later, in December, with 50 responses. The data that was collected from the survey included characteristics and components of orientations, boot camps, and pre-matriculation programs, such as session content and the frequency sessions appeared. The survey also collected descriptive information from respondents regarding certain demographics related to their schools/colleges of pharmacy (e.g., public or private institutions, a 4-year program or a 3-year program). The data can be used by schools/colleges of pharmacy and other healthcare professions that wish to revise or establish orientations, boot camps, and pre-matriculation programs.
Qualitative exploration of factors influencing the plan selection process by Medicare beneficiaries.

BACKGROUND: Because Medicare plan coverage and costs change annually and older adults, the major beneficiaries of Medicare, are faced with multiple health conditions and changing medical needs, Med...
Protecting sleep from noise in the built environment

Recognition is growing over the need to protect patrons from hearing damage caused by high sound levels in stadiums and concert halls. In parallel, attention must be drawn to the health and safety impacts of lower level sound exposures, which may produce resident sleep loss in built environments: homes, dormitories, hotels, and care facilities. Many localities have ordinances that define day and night sound level maximums as measured at property lines. These ordinances apply to noise nuisance produced on one property and experienced on another. Some are complaint-driven; these do not apply in advance during the review process for acquiring building permits. Those living in poorly built, multiple occupancy buildings may have substantial exposure to noise intrusions, including those produced within their own building envelope. Sleep disruptive noise intrusions are especially common in crowded, under-resourced neighborhoods and contribute to health disparities. To protect sleep, noise ordinances and building codes need to be informed by scientific evidence derived from sleep disruption research. Insufficient sleep is known to have multiple negative consequences, including impaired antibody production. Supporting the immune system through sufficient sleep is especially critical during the COVID crisis, for directly fighting infection, as well as for supporting adequate vaccine response.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in ED Opioid Prescriptions for Long Bone Fractures: Trends Over Time.

* Abbreviations: aOR — : adjusted odds ratio CI — : confidence interval ED — : emergency department RR — : relative reduction Pain caused by long bone fractures is a common reason for opioid prescribing in the emergency department (ED) setting.1 Approximately 40% of opioid overdose deaths involve a prescription,2 and in response, opioid prescribing has declined in the last decade.3 We previously demonstrated racial and/or ethnic disparities in the ED management of pain among children with long bone fractures.4 We now perform this study to investigate whether racial and/or ethnic differences in provision of outpatient opioid prescriptions for children discharged from the ED with long bone fractures have attenuated over time. We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged 4 to <18 years with long bone fractures (clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, and fibula, as identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification , and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification , diagnosis codes or natural-language processing of radiology reports5) using the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Registry, an electronic health record registry of 4 geographically diverse (northeast, south, west, and midwest) pediatric EDs from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019.6 We included patients with an Emergency Severity Index of 2 to 4, at least 1 pain score, and disposition of ED discharge. Race and/or ethnicity were categorized as non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and … Address correspondence to Monika Goyal, MD, MSCE, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010. E-mail: mgoyal{at}childrensnational.org
Carbon Metabolism of C14-Labeled Amino Acids in Wheat Leaves. III. Further Studies on the Role of Serine in Glycine Metabolism

the conversion of glycine to serine in wheat leaves lroceeds rapidly in the light, but the reverse reaction l)roceeds very slowly. Because the carl)on atomlls of glyciine were utilized readily for the synithesis of sugars in the light, anid the rate of incorporation was greatly reduced in the dark (2), the following questionl arises: Does the metabolism of glycine and of serine follow the same sequences of reactions in the dark as in the light? The present report will present evidence that the glyoxylate-serine pathway is operative in wheat leaves in the dark, and that serine assumes a key role in the metabolism of glycine in the dark as it does in the light.
AC and DC characteristics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors

Recent results on the DC as well as AC characteristics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CN-FETs) are presented. Experimental data is discussed in the context of an extended Schottky barrier model and the potential of CNFETs for high frequency applications is elucidated.
Lydia: a system for large-scale news analysis

Periodical publications represent a rich and recurrent source of knowledge on both current and historical events. The Lydia project seeks to build a relational model of people, places, and things through natural language processing of news sources and the statistical analysis of entity frequencies and co-locations. Lydia is still at a relatively early stage of development, but it is already producing interesting analysis of significant volumes of text. Indeed, we encourage the reader to visit our website (http://www.textmap.com) to see our analysis of recent news obtained from over 500 daily online news sources.
Use of the E test to predict high-level resistance to aminoglycosides among enterococci

The E test and the reference agar dilution methods were compared for detecting high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) among 71 selected clinical isolates, including 62 Enterococcus faecalis and 9 Enterococcus faecium isolates. High-level gentamicin resistance alone was found in 11% (5 E. faecalis and 3 E. faecium strains) and high-level streptomycin resistance was found in 42% (28 E. faecalis, 2 E. faecium strains) of the strains tested, and 31% of the strains demonstrated high-level resistance to both antimicrobial agents (21 E. faecalis and 1 E. faecium strains). The E test detected all HLAR populations, but the streptomycin strip may require recalibration to achieve absolute MIC comparisons with the reference value (twofold less) or the use of an alternative interpretive resistance breakpoint, e.g., > 1,000 micrograms/ml. By the E test, MIC results indicate that ampicillin, imipenem, penicillin, piperacillin, and vancomycin remain active against the HLAR E. faecalis isolates; however, these tested drugs were less effective on the HLAR E. faecium isolates (
Neutron Multiplication Factors as a Function of Temperature: A Comparison of Calculated and Measured Values for Lattices Using 233UO2-ThO2 Fuel in Graphite

Neutron multiplication factors calculated as a function of temperature for three graphite-moderated /sup 233/UO/sub 2/-ThO/sub 2/-fueled lattices are correlated with the values measured for these lattices in the high-temperature lattice test reactor (HTLTR). The correlation analysis is accomplished by fitting calculated values of k/sub infinity/(T) to the measured values using two least-squares-fitted correlation coefficients: (a) a normalization factor and (b) a temperature coefficient bias factor. These correlations indicate the existence of a negative (nonconservative) bias in temperature coefficients of reactivity calculated using ENDF/B-IV cross-section data. Use of an alternate cross-section data set for thorium, which has a smaller resonance integral than ENDF/B-IV data, improved the agreement between calculated and measured temperature coefficients of reactivity for the three experimental lattices. The results of the correlations are used to estimate the bias in the temperature coefficient of reactivity calculated for a lattice typical of fresh /sup 233/U recycle fuel for a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). This extrapolation to a lattice having a heavier fissile loading than the experimental lattices is accomplished using a sensitivity analysis of the estimated bias to alternate thorium cross-section data used in calculations of k/sub infinity/(T). The envelope of uncertainty expected to contain the actual values for themore » temperature coefficient of the reactivity for the /sup 233/U-fueled HTGR lattice studied remains negative at 1600 K (1327/sup 0/C). Although a broader base of experimental data with improved accuracy is always desirable, the existing data base provided by the HTLTR experiments is judged to be adequate for the verification of neutronic calculations for the HTGR containing /sup 233/U fuel at its current state of development.« less
Ionic liquids as buffer additives in ionic liquid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separation of mixtures of low and high molecular weight proteins

This study aims at investigating methodologies for better separation of proteins using novel hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs). In this regard, hydrophobic ILs [CnPBr] (n = 4, 6, 8) were synthesized and examined in ionic liquid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (IL-PAGE) as buffer additives for separation of catalase (Cat), transferrin (Tf), bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (Ova) and α-lactalbumin (α-Lact). The influence of alkyl chain length of the cation of these ILs and their concentration in running and sample buffers on protein separation was investigated. Separation using ILs as additives was achieved at lower concentrations as compared to standard sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The IL concentrations were 100-fold less in sample buffer and 5-fold less in running buffer as compared to conventional SDS-PAGE. The results demonstrated that ILs additives played a role in improving some protein separation, IL-PAGE provided higher resolution and separation efficiency than SDS-PAGE for Tf and Ova. Fluorescence studies were performed in order to understand protein–IL interactions and were used to determine the appropriate IL for use as a buffer additive in PAGE. When compared with standard SDS-PAGE, no heating of sample buffer was required in IL-PAGE, which revealed that proteins could be efficiently denatured by use of IL, which was later confirmed by use of circular dichroism (CD) studies.
The management structure of the telecommunications function in healthcare organizations: an exploratory study

This article reports the results of 154 responses from IS managers in healthcare organizations about the managerial structure of the telecommunications function. While a one-tiered management structure with an IS manager was the most common form of management of the telecommunications function, a multi-tiered approach was utilized in over 38% of the organizations. Steering committees were utilized more often with a generalized IS manager than with a specialized telecommunications manager. Organizations with steering committees were more likely to provide organizational support for the telecommunications function than the other organizations. There was no statistical significance between organizations with steering committees and those without such a committee on the development and implementation of a telecommunications plan. However, there was a strong correlation between the decision-making authority of the steering committee and the development and implementation of a telecommunications plan.
On the relationship between letter names and superordinate categories

The sequence of processing steps in obtaining the classifications vowel-consonant and letter-digit were explored. The procedure involved measuring the RT to classify pairs of stimuli as “same”. Inferences were drawn from RTs to letters with the same name (e.g. Bb) and from other differences between the RT structures obtained in the two classifications. When “same” was defined as both vowels or both consonants the subjects seemed to determine the letter name and then classify the name into its superordinate category. When “same” was defined as both letters or both digits the subjects appeared to classify the visual form directly into one of the two superordinate classes without first obtaining the name. The most likely explanation for the difference between conditions is the nature of training which subjects have had while learning the classifications.
Animal Disease Regionalization and Its Impact on Tropical Countries

: This paper reviews progress that has been made around the world in animal disease regionalization. Signatory countries of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and other free-trade associations are currently implementing regionalization, one of the cornerstone provisions of the Uruguay Round of the GATT and the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement. Regionalization allows countries to protect the health status of their animal herds and at the same time promote their animal and animal product export markets. The implementation of regionalization by importing countries affects export markets of tropical nations. Veterinary officials of tropical countries must give regionalization due priority such that import and export trade in animals and animal products is not hindered, and the public and animal herd health are protected.
The role of ascorbic acid in the nutrition of three cotton insects

Abstract Purified diets were used to determine the effect of dietary ascorbic acid on the development of the boll weevil Anthonomus grandis (Boh.), the bollworm Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the salt-marsh caterpillar Estigmene acrea (Drury). It was shown that ascorbic acid is an indispensable nutrient for the growth and development of these three insects when reared under aseptic conditions. Boll weevil adults fed on diets deficient in ascorbic acid laid fewer eggs with lower hatch than adults that received this vitamin. Larvae from eggs of these adults that hatched did not survive beyond the second moult unless ascorbic acid was provided in the larval diet. When ascorbic acid was present in the adult diets, the eggs laid hatched into larvae some of which developed to adults even though their larval diets lacked the vitamin. Of the various stages of the boll weevil that were analysed, the egg contained the largest amount of ascorbic acid. Insects fed on ascorbic acid-deficient diets contained very little ascorbic acid. The bollworm and salt-marsh caterpillar have not been reared previously on purified diets. These two insects did not survive beyond the larval stage when their diets contained no ascorbic acid.
PSYCHOMOTOR AND VISUAL PERFORMANCE UNDER THE TIME-COURSE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL '

This study examined reaction time (RT), anticipation time (AT), and visual performance under the influence of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), using a repeated-measures design. Subjects (8 men and 8 women), 21 to 40 yr. of age, participated in both single- and double-dose sessions, in which they drank approximately 2.3 oz. and 4.6 oz. of 86-proof vodka, respectively. The breath BAC was measured at 5-min. intervals. The RT, AT, and visual performance were tested every 20 min. for 140 min. in both sessions. In general, results indicated that RT, AT, and stereoscopic vision were impaired more in the rising BAC curve than the falling BAC curve. In addition, the impairment tended to be greater for the double-dose than the single-dose session. The far and near visual acuities were not affected by the BAC.
Combined-modality therapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer.

Abstract While the International Union Against Cancer system can be used in staging small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, the staging distinction of “extensive stage” versus “limited stage” is commonly used. This system defines limited stage as the ability to encompass all known disease within a “reasonable” radiation field. The standard management of limited-stage SCLC is concurrent platinum-based chemotherapy with thoracic radiotherapy (RT). Total RT doses range from 40 to 55 gy in most trials. A recently completed randomized trial showed an advantage to twice-daily accelerated hyperfractionated RT over standard RT alone. Most current clinical protocols for limited-stage SCLC use the “involved field” technique of thoracic RT, in which the RT target volume includes the known extent of primary tumor and lymph node involvement and one additional nodal station. Large fields including more extensive elective nodal irradiation are discouraged.
Dynamical properties of stellar coronas and stellar winds. iii - the dynamics of coronal streamers.

Observations suggest that the solar corona may consist of thin radial filaments and streamers, rather than being an amorphous atmosphere. The filaments and streamers presumably are confined by the magnetic field, along whose lines of force they lie. To investigate the consequences of a filamentary corona for the solar wind, the dynamics of an idealized corona composed of gaseous streamers, with vacuum between the streamers, is worked out neglecting solar rotation, etc. The principal conclusions are that the streamers occupy most of space at large radial distance from the sun, no matter how small a fraction they may occupy at the sun; the velocity of the solar wind is not greatly affected by filamentary structure for a given coronal temperature distribution; the mean-wind density is not affected by more than a factor of 2. Altogether, then, except for the presence of some thin interstreamer regions, there is no great effect of a filamentary structure on the mean values of the solarwind velocity and density at large distance from the sun. The possibility of instability of coronal streamers is looked into, and it is shown that, if the corona is composed principally of streamers, the Helmholtz instability may be expected tomore » disorder and mix up the streamer and interstreamer regions beyond some distance (1 a.u.) from the sun, which might be the origin of some of the disorder observed by Mariner. More quantitative observational information of the solar corona and/or of the structure of the solar wind close to the sun will have to be available before quantitative statements can be made concerning the role of streamers in the solar wind. (auth)« less
Choosing Initial Antihypertensive Drug Therapy for the Uncomplicated Hypertensive Patient

Choosing the initial antihypertensive drug for the uncomplicated hypertensive patient is an important and frequent event for the primary care physician. Patients' first experience with antihypertensive drug therapy will likely affect their long-term perception of hypertension treatment. The choice should be made on the basis of sound scientific data and from the patient's perspective and needs. The drug should be taken once a day, should have proven efficacy in hypertension control and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality reduction, and should have as few side effects as possible. Low-dose thiazide diuretics meet this description, although the need to monitor electrolytes may make them less than ideal. The angiotensin II receptor antagonist class, with side-effects similar to those of placebo in controlled trials, is the most attractive from the patient's perspective, although outcome trial data do not yet exist proving that hypertension treatment with angiotensin II receptor antagonists reduces cardiovascular events. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists, with their low side-effect profiles and unique effects on vascular remodeling, are attractive second choices to combine with a diuretic if needed, although low-dose diuretic/Beta blocker combinations have also been shown to lower blood pressure with minimal side effects. At present, ensuring adequate long-term hypertension control is the most important aspect of hypertensive care, and which antihypertensive drug(s) the physician chooses can greatly affect the hypertensive patient's ability to achieve and to maintain long-term blood pressure control. (c)2001 by Le Jacq Communications, Inc.