cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Familiarity of Small Technology-Based Business Owners with Sources of Capital: Impact of Location and Capitalization

This paper examines issues related to the acquisition of capital by a sample of 142 small technology-based firms. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship between owners of small technology-based firms' familiarity with the alternative sources of capital and (I) location of the business and (2) amount of capital raised by the business. The results show that familiarity with alternative sources of capital is affected by the location of the business and amount of capital raised by the company.The results have several implications affecting small business owners, providers of capital, and policy-makers. First, many small business owners are relatively unfamiliar with many sources of capital that are used to fund growth. Second, owners of small technology-based firms indicate low familiarity with government financing programs. Third, owners of small technology-based firms in smaller communities are less familiar with sources of capital commonly used to finance growth. Fourth, owners of small technology-based firms are relatively unfamiliar with methods of bootstrap financing.
Two-dimensional localized structures in harmonically forced oscillatory systems

Two-dimensional spatially localized structures in the complex Ginzburg–Landau equation with 1:1 resonance are studied near the simultaneous presence of a steady front between two spatially homogeneous equilibria and a supercritical Turing bifurcation on one of them. The bifurcation structures of steady circular fronts and localized target patterns are computed in the Turing-stable and Turing-unstable regimes. In particular, localized target patterns grow along the solution branch via ring insertion at the core in a process reminiscent of defect-mediated snaking in one spatial dimension. Stability of axisymmetric solutions on these branches with respect to axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric perturbations is determined, and parameter regimes with stable axisymmetric oscillons are identified. Direct numerical simulations reveal novel depinning dynamics of localized target patterns in the radial direction, and of circular and planar localized hexagonal patterns in the fully two-dimensional system.
Rainfall variations induced by the lunar gravitational atmospheric tide and their implications for the relationship between tropical rainfall and humidity

Classical tidal theory predicts that the lunar gravitational semidiurnal tide (L2) should induce perturbations in relative humidity (RH). Adiabatic expansion in divergent flow in advance of the L2 pressure minimum cools the air and reduces its saturation vapor pressure, thereby increasing the rate of condensation in saturated air parcels and causing the relative humidity (RH) of unsaturated parcels to rise. Here we detect a statistically significant L2 signature in precipitation rate (P) in a 15 year, eight times daily, global precipitation data set acquired in the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. Consistent with tidal theory and with the notion that L2 modulates P mainly by perturbing RH, P varies out of phase with pressure, and it increases at a rate of about 10% per 1% increase in RH. These measurements thus provide a measure of the sensitivity of P to planetary-scale changes in RH. Analysis of solar semidiurnal (S2) tidal statistics yields similar results.
Research on Self-Adaption of Model Parameters for Prediction of Disturbed Trajectories in Transient Stability Analysis

Physical quantities characterizing system transient stability can be predicted by wide area measurement data within a certain range of time,and it lays a foundation for real-time transient stability analysis.There are same basic parameters to be decided in several prediction models,which are widely applied currently and directly determine the performance of the prediction.Based on detailed analysis on the relation between prediction performance and model parameters,a self-adaption technology for model parameters is proposed.The proposed technology can make the parameters of prediction model dynamically adjusted to cope with the variation of nonlinearity of curves to enhance the prediction ability and it can be easily applied to various existing prediction algorithms.Calculation results of New England 10-machine 30-bus system show that using the proposed method,the adaptability of prediction model can be improved remarkably,and the contradictions among prediction indices can be coordinated effectively,thus the proposed method can offer technical support for real-time transient stability analysis.
Adolescent Pregnancy: Guidelines for a Comprehensive School-Based Program

(1980). Adolescent Pregnancy: Guidelines for a Comprehensive School-Based Program. Health Education: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 12-13.
Improved dynamic routing algorithms in elastic optical networks

The considered Routing, Modulation Level and Spectrum Allocation (RMLSA) problem covers path length minimization while still meeting the spectrum continuity constraints, non-overlapping spectra constraints, spectrum contiguity constraints, and choice of modulation level. In this problem, the relationship between spectrum connection and bit rate of the incoming request has been taken into account. In this paper, two algorithms have been proposed. The first one is based on a set of shortest paths whose lengths are determined by the number of links in the network. The second one is a modified version of Dijkstra’s algorithm. Modification of this algorithm is based on introduction of weights of the network links depending on the utilization of the links and the introduction of a aggregated spectrum of the path that is being selected. Extensive research has shown that algorithms reject the lower traffic volume as compared to well-known algorithms proposed in literature.
A cascaded hybrid phase shift-PWM and asymmetric selective harmonic mitigation-PWM modulation technique for grid-tied converter to reduce the switching frequency and meet the grid current harmonic requirement

In this paper, a low frequency hybrid cascaded phase shift-PWM (PSPWM) and asymmetric selective harmonic mitigation-PWM (ASHM-PWM) modulation technique is proposed to meet limits of power quality standard with the low number of switching frequency. For this aim, the low order harmonics of PSPWM technique are reduced by the ASHM-PWM technique. The equations of both modulation techniques are included in the optimization process to meet standard for all of the low order current harmonics of grid-tied cascaded h-bridge (CHB) converter. The proposed technique has advantages of both PSPWM and ASHM-PWM modulation techniques. Furthermore, the critical parameters of grid-tied CHB converter such as inductance and switching frequency of converter are derived based on the equations of proposed hybrid PSPWM and ASHM-PWM technique. The simulation and experimental results were conducted on 7-level CHB converter to validate the proposed modulation technique.
Has Wife Beating Become More Acceptable over Time? An Empirical Study of 33 Countries

Wife beating, spousal abuse, domestic violence, or whatever else you want to call it, has been around for centuries, probably since the beginning of human existence. There are several reasons why this kind of behavior exists, but the present paper will not get into those reasons. For more on this aspect of the topic, see the items listed in the reference section of this paper. The goal of the present paper is more modest, to merely measure the extent of support for wife beating, and determine whether wife beating has become more acceptable over time. The present paper is part of a series on wife beating. Studies in this series examine male and female views on wife beating to determine if women think differently about this issue than men; a longitudinal study to determine whether wife beating has become more or less popular over time; two studies that examine the relationship between religion and wife beating; a study that ranks the acceptability of wife beating in 60 countries; and a study of attitudes toward wife beating in the United States. Links to these studies are provided in the reference section of this paper.
Acute and long-term effects of endovascular debanding of pulmonary arteries in a swine model.

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate that pulmonary artery (PA) debanding via cardiac catheterization using balloon angioplasty is feasible and safe in swine. The secondary objectives were to determine the acute and long-term effects of this therapy. Design This is a chronic survival experimental study in newborn swine. Background PA bands are used in infants for transient palliation of congenital heart defects with excessive pulmonary blood flow. Although rare, if these defects should close spontaneously or become hemodynamically insignificant, a sternotomy and occasionally cardiopulmonary bypass may still be required for band removal. Alternatively, debanding could be accomplished through less invasive methods. Interventions The main pulmonary artery was banded in three piglets, and the left pulmonary artery in five piglets via mini-thoracotomy at a mean weight of 2.5 kg. Following a threefold increase in weight, the piglets underwent PA debanding via balloon angioplasty. Four piglets were sacrificed to evaluate the acute effects. The remainder were followed to evaluate long-term effects. Histopathology was performed on all piglets. Outcome measures Reintervention rates. Histopathologic consequences of high pressure balloon angioplasty used for PA debanding acutely and after reinterventions. Results Debanding was performed at a mean weight of 8.1 ± 2.23 kg. The median preintervention gradient across the band was 18 mm Hg. Debanding was successful in all piglets. The median postintervention gradient was 3.5 mm Hg. All piglets in the long-term model required re-interventions for recurrent stenosis at mean weights of 26 ± 1.6 and 61 ± 3.2 kg. Histopathology demonstrated vessel wall injury in only one piglet. Conclusions Endovascular PA debanding can be safely achieved in a swine model. Angioplasty following debanding may be necessary for recurrent stenosis. This catheter-based therapy may provide a less-invasive alternative to surgery.
Rheumatologic symptoms in oncologic patients on PD-1 inhibitors.

Abstract Objective Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective cancer therapies that have been associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Recent reports of irAEs describe symptoms resembling classic rheumatologic syndromes, most notably associated with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor blockade. Though cases have been described, there are fewer reports of rheumatologic disease associated with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Here, we describe a series of four patients presenting to the Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) Arthritis Center with de novo polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR)-type conditions and/or peripheral synovitis after treatment with PD-1/PD-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway inhibitors. Methods Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who were treated with PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors and subsequently developed complaints of new joint pain were referred to the BWH Arthritis Center as part of routine care and identified retrospectively. The electronic medical record was reviewed for cancer history and treatment, rheumatologic symptoms, physical exam, laboratory testing, and clinical course. Results All four patients developed irAEs consistent with a PMR-type syndrome and/or peripheral synovitis. Symptoms persisted despite discontinuation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors; however, three of the patients responded well to oral glucocorticoids alone while one patient required the addition of oral methotrexate. All patients had an eventual decline in inflammatory markers. Conclusion These cases highlight the need for both oncologists and rheumatologists to recognize the development of rheumatologic disease during treatment with immune checkpoint blockade. Further investigation is needed to optimize the management of irAEs, particularly considering the increasing use of checkpoint inhibitors to treat malignancies.
Signal processing techniques for filtering acoustic emission data in prestressed concrete

ABSTRACTThe current state of infrastructure in the United States and worldwide has raised the need for reliable structural health monitoring techniques. Piezoelectric sensing, such as acoustic emission, has recently gained attention due to its high sensitivity and associated capability for early detection of damage. The high sensitivity of this method, however, results in the collection of data not directly related to damage growth. Current filtering procedures focus primarily on parametric analysis of the collected signals. This study focuses on developing more robust filtering techniques for acoustic emission data collected from a prestressed concrete specimen. Simulated data was generated to enable proper identification of the source of the collected signals. Filtering criteria were developed through characterization of the energy content using a wavelet transform. The developed filters were capable of separating the induced target signals from other signals with reasonable accuracy, and the results we...
Outdoor Wideband Channel Measurements and Modeling in the 3–18 GHz Band

Fifth generation cellular systems will operate in a wide range of frequencies, covering both the traditional cellular bands, and mm-wave frequency bands, either selecting a specific band or operating in multiple bands simultaneously. For the design of such systems, a detailed understanding of the frequency dependence of the propagation channel is essential. While many channel measurements exist in either microwave bands ( 20 GHz), the results are not easily comparable, and furthermore the transition between these bands is not well studied. This paper aims to bridge the gap by providing the results from a channel measurement campaign conducted in urban macro and micro-cellular environments, over the continuous frequency band of 3–18 GHz. We characterize the pathloss, shadow fading, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spreads, Ricean factor and coherence bandwidth in urban macro-cellular and urban micro-cellular environments. Measurements were taken in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. The pathloss exponents and the RMS delay spreads increase with the base station height in NLOS environment; but not much dependency is observed in the LOS environment. By dividing the wideband channel transfer function into subbands of 1 GHz each, we study the frequency dependence of pathloss, shadow fading, Ricean factor, delay spread, and coherence bandwidth in the 3–18 GHz band. The pathloss exponents vary significantly with frequency, but not-monotonically. The shadow fading and the Ricean factor increase with frequency. The RMS delay spreads decrease with frequency in the LOS environments, but they do not change significantly in the NLOS environments. The coherence bandwidth values do not change significantly with frequency in either environment.
Anaphylaxis-related Malpractice Lawsuits.

Introduction: Anaphylaxis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. Healthcare providers struggle to promptly recognize and appropriately treat anaphylaxis patients. The goal of this study was to characterize anaphylaxis-related malpractice lawsuits.Methods: We collected jury verdicts, settlements, and court opinions regarding alleged medical malpractice involving anaphylaxis from May 2011 through May 2015 from an online legal database (Thomson Reuters Westlaw). Data were abstracted onto a standardized data form.Results: We identified 30 anaphylaxis-related malpractice lawsuits. In 80% of cases, the trigger was iatrogenic (40% intravenous [IV] contrast, 33% medications, 7% latex). Sixteen (53%) cases resulted in death, 7 (23%) in permanent cardiac and/or neurologic damage, and 7 (23%) in less severe outcomes. Fourteen (47%) of the lawsuits were related to exposure to a known trigger. Delayed recognition or treatment was cited in 12 (40%) cases and inappropriate IV epinephrine dosing was reported in 5 (17%) cases. Defendants were most commonly physicians (n=15, 50%) and nurses (n=5, 17%). The most common physician specialties named were radiology and primary care (n=3, 10% each), followed by emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and cardiology (n=2, 7% each). Among the 30 cases, 14 (47%) favored the defendant, 8 (37%) resulted in findings of negligence, 3 (10%) cases settled, and 5 (17%) had an unknown legal outcome.Conclusion: Additional anaphylaxis education, provision of epinephrine autoinjectors or other alternatives to reduce dosing errors, and stronger safeguards to prevent administration of known allergens would all likely reduce anaphylaxis-related patient morbidity and mortality and providers’ legal vulnerability to anaphylaxis-related lawsuits.
Impaired gastric slow wave rhythmicity in patients after bone marrow or stem cell transplant.

Patients after bone marrow or stem cell transplant often develop gastrointestinal symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate possible impairment of gastric myoelectrical activity in these patients. The study was performed in 15 patients who had had bone marrow or stem cell transplant and 13 healthy subjects. Gastric myoelectrical activity was assessed using electrogastrography. The electrogastrogram (EGG) was made for 30 min in the fasting state and 60 min after a test meal (475 kcal; turkey sandwich). Overall and minute-by-minute spectral analyses were performed to derive various parameters of the EGG. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients showed a significantly higher percentage of arrhythmia (no obvious rhythmicity observed in the EGG) in both fasting (17.6 ± 3.8% vs 7.1 ± 2.17%, P < 0.02) and fed (11.4 ± 2.65% vs 4.19 ± 1.04%, P < 0.02) state. The patients showed a significantly higher instability coefficient of the dominant frequency in the fasting state than in the controls (0.51 ± 0.06 vs 0.29 ± 0.18, P < 0.008). The total average symptom score was 3.93 ± 0.84 in the patients and 0 in the controls, and a relatively weak but significant correlation was found between the symptom scores and the percentage of arrhythmia in the patients in fed state (r = 0.69, P < 0.02). It was concluded that patients with bone marrow or stem cell transplant have excessive arrhythmia that is correlated with their dyspeptic symptoms.
Modeling of Head-Related Transfer Functions Through Parallel Adaptive Filters

Currently, sound spatialization techniques that utilize “individual” Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) require the intended listener to undergo lengthy measurements with specialized equipment. Alternatively, the use of generic HRTFs may contribute to additional localization errors. A third possibility that we are pursuing is the customization of HRTFs, performed on the basis of geometrical measurements of the intended listener to determine the appropriate parameters in a structural HRTF model. However, an initial step of decomposing measured HRTFs in order to reveal the parameters of the structural model must be performed. A new approach for the decomposition of HRTFs is suggested and evaluated on simulated examples. The potential of this method for the decomposition of measured HRTFs is discussed.
Exotic Goods, Chivay Obsidian, and Sociopolitical Change in the South-Central Andes

Exchange of exotic goods generates interest among archaeologists because it is a theme that effectively links local phenomena with regional events, and human behavior with material evidence. This study concerns the role of exotic goods in contexts of changing sociopolitical complexity where procurement distance is frequently used to infer value, and differential access to goods is linked to status. The assumption that nonlocal goods are automatically status conferring goods connected to social competition can be problematic, as it depends upon a relationship between distance and scarcity, as well as the social and political consequences of these goods. This perspective often underestimates the importance of “ordinary” household goods both in terms of the circulation distance and the social information conveyed by such goods. Long-distance exchange in the highland Andes, described ethnohistorically (Murra 1980: 139-152), is also evident in the prehispanic distribution of sourceable materials, such as obsidian artifacts (Burger et al. 2000). Archaeological studies in the south-central Andes suggest that regional exchange expanded in quantity and frequency during and after the onset of an economy focused on agropastoralism. This study presents data from research at an obsidian source of regional importance, and examines the link between the circulation of goods like obsidian and the development of regular, seasonal exchange that included transport using llama caravan networks.
What Would Natural Laws in the Life Sciences Be

Much research in the life sciences arrives at generalizations concerning the biological properties characteristic of particular species, or generalizations concerning groups of species or even generalizations concerning broader biological classes. How should we understand these generalizations? In this chapter, I will examine whether the concept of a law of nature can help us to understand them. I will examine several controversies about the applicability of the concept of a natural law to the life sciences, including whether biological generalizations have exceptions, are riddled with ceteris-paribus provisos, or are too historically contingent to qualify as distinctively biological laws. I will not aim to argue that there are in fact biological laws, but rather to understand what would make it the case that there are (or are not). Implications for science education are discussed.
Obstetric Care by Family Physicians and Infant Mortality in Rural Alabama.

Background: The closure of obstetrics (OB) units at rural hospitals is thought to have implications for access to prenatal care (PNC) and infant mortality rate (IMR). The objective of this study was to determine whether local availability of PNC and OB services, specifically as provided by family physicians (FPs), would be associated with a lower IMR in 1 rural Alabama county. Methods: Data from 1986 to 2013 from Pickens County was compared with data from 2 sets of control counties: Clarke/Monroe (full OB care) and Coosa/Conecuh (no local OB care). Results: From 1986 to 1991 (no local OB services; period 1), Pickens County9s IMR was 17.9, which fell to 7.2 from 1993 to 2001 (with local services; period 2). After the county9s OB unit closed, IMR rose to 16.0 from 2005 to 2013 (period 3). In Clarke/Monroe (continuous OB service), the IMR fell from 14.5 to 9.9 from period 1 to period 3. Coosa/Conecuh (no OB service) exhibited a consistent IMR ranging from 10.9 to 14.4. Conclusion: OB services provided by FPs in Pickens County resulted in improvement of the county9s IMR. Local PNC was associated with a lower IMR.
The Multiple Sleep Latency Test: Comparison of Sleep Onset Criteria

Determining sleep latency is one of the cornerstones of the interpretation of the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). The purpose of this study was to compare various criteria used to determine sleep onset. We prospectively analyzed 100 consecutive MSLTs that were performed according to a standardized protocol. We scored each test using three separate sets of criteria for sleep onset: 1) one epoch of stage 1 sleep, 2) two consecutive epochs of stage 1 sleep, and 3) three consecutive epochs of stage 1 sleep. Each method yielded a mean sleep latency and a categorical classification of the record as normal if > 10 minutes, moderate if > or = 5 and < or = 10 minutes, and severe sleepiness if < 5 minutes. The ages of participants ranged from 4 to 78 years (mean 45.5). The averages of the mean sleep latencies across all three methods were: 6.2 minutes [standard deviation (SD) = 4.3] using one epoch, 7.2 minutes (SD = 4.7) using two epochs, and 7.5 minutes (SD = 4.9) using three epochs. Using the three categories of sleepiness, the implementation of the three-epoch criterion vs. the one-epoch criterion produced a change in category in 16 patients (16%). Five went from severe to moderate, 10 from moderate to normal, and 1 from severe to normal. As compared to using one epoch, using three produced an increase in mean sleep latency of at least 50% in 13 patients. The use of various criteria for sleep onset, especially criteria 1 and 3 above, produces differences in interpretation that are neither rare nor quantitatively negligible. Standardization of the methodology across centers would be desirable in clinical practice as well as for research protocols.
Rethinking the use of gallium in the era of SPECT CT

608 Objectives We reviewed our first 100 gallium SCT (GaSCT) and bone-gallium dual isotope SCT (DISCT) examinations. The objective is to see if these exams are useful in defining the extent of infection and discordance of bone and gallium uptake. Methods Patients underwent these exams as part of routine clinical evaluation and were treated in part based on the interpretations. Confirmation based on surgery or follow up is incomplete. The results of surgery, follow up rstudies and clinical follow up were used to evaluate the efficacy of infection imaging. Results GaSCT was used in vascular infections, foot ulcers, and soft tissue abscesses. Infection was confirmed at surgery in a case of aortic valve and graft infection and in several abscesses. In 10 cases, gallium was confined to the soft tissue of the plantar surface of the foot and the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was excluded on that basis. In the spine, 8 dual isotope studies were performed on patients with abnormal MRI exams suggesting diskitis or osteomyelitis. In 6 of the cases, bone and gallium uptake showed perfect concordance and the activity was confined to the endplates of the vertebral bodies. In 1 case a paraspinal abscess was found on SCT after a disk space aspirate was negative. In another case, SCT showed a focus of gallium in the vertebral body that did not accumulate the bone agent. Biopsy showed vertebral osteomyelitis. One false positive was found when gallium in the sternum was found to be due to postoperative inflammation. Conclusions Gallium and bone-gallium dual isotope SPECT CT can localize gallium uptake making it an excellent agent for defining the location and extent of a variety of infections.
Deriving inherent optical properties from decomposition of hyperspectral non-water absorption

Abstract Semi-analytical algorithms (SAAs) developed for multispectral ocean color sensors have benefited from a variety of approaches for retrieving the magnitude and spectral shape of inherent optical properties (IOPs). SAAs generally follow two approaches: 1) simultaneous retrieval of all IOPs, resulting in pre-defined bio-optical models and spectral dependence between IOPs and 2) retrieval of bulk IOPs (absorption and backscattering) first followed by decomposition into separate components, allowing for independent retrievals of some components. Current algorithms used to decompose hyperspectral remotely-sensed reflectance into IOPs follow the first strategy. Here, a spectral deconvolution algorithm for incorporation into the second strategy is presented that decomposes at-w(λ) from in situ measurements and estimates absorption due to phytoplankton (aph(λ)) and colored detrital material (adg(λ)) free of explicit assumptions. The algorithm described here, Derivative Analysis and Iterative Spectral Evaluation of Absorption (DAISEA), provides estimates of aph(λ) and adg(λ) over a spectral range from 350 to 700 nm. Estimated aph(λ) and adg(λ) showed an average normalized root mean square difference of
Sparse Relevance Kernel Machine-Based Performance Dependency Analysis of Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuits

Design optimization, verification, and failure diagnosis of analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuits requires accurate models that can reliably capture complex dependencies of circuit performances on essential circuit and test parameters, such as design parameters, process variations, and test signatures. We present a novel Bayesian learning technique, namely sparse relevance kernel machine (SRKM), for characterizing analog circuits with sparse statistical regression models. SRKM produces more reliable classification models learned from simulation data with a limited number of samples but a large number of parameters, and also computes a probabilistically inferred weighting factor quantifying the criticality of each parameter as part of the overall learning framework, hence offering a powerful enabler for variability modeling, failure diagnosis, and test development. Compared to other popular learning-based techniques, the proposed SRKM produces more accurate models, requires less amount of training data, and extracts more reliable parametric ranking. The effectiveness of SRKM is demonstrated in examples including statistical variability modeling of a low-dropout regulator (LDO), built-in self-test (BIST) development of a charge-pump phase-locked loop (PLL), and applications of building statistical variability models for a commercial automotive interface design.
ADHD Symptoms and Sex Moderate the Relation Between Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Use Among Treatment-Mandated College Students.

College students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are likely to engage in alcohol use and experience alcohol-related problems. Use of protective behavioral strategies is related to fewer alcohol-related consequences. However, this association has not been sufficiently examined in relation to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, which could alter the likelihood of utilizing protective behavioral strategies. This study examined whether attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms moderate the relationship between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol use, and whether this differs by sex. Participants were 125 treatment-mandated college students (58.6% male; Mage = 19.50 years) who completed measures of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, protective behavioral strategies, and past-2-week drinking. There was a significant 3-way interaction such that drinking was highest when protective behavioral strategy use was low and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms were high, but only for women. There was also a significant protective behavioral strategy by inattention interaction, as students with high inattention and low protective behavioral strategy use consumed the most drinks. Interventions to enhance use of protective behavioral strategies may effectively decrease alcohol use for college students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, particularly women.
Ethnography in Student-Owned Spaces: Using Whiteboards to Explore Learning Communities and Student Success

“Student success” and the “user experience” are terms that have gained prominence in conversations around the ways in which academic libraries support and engage with their student populations. Eth...
Multiple significant trauma with craniotomy: What impacts mortality?

Abstract Objective The management of patients suffering traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the context of multiple significant trauma represents one of the most challenging scenarios in trauma critical care. The identification of risk factors, utilizing large national databases, may help in developing medical strategies and health care policies aimed at improving outcomes in these patients. In this study, our aim was to assess in-hospital mortality following craniotomy for multiple significant trauma in the United States. Patient and methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) on subjects having “Craniotomy with Multiple Significant Trauma” between 2008–2016. Multivariate logistic regression was used to find the impact of selected variables on the odds of mortality. Results There were 26,650 discharges within the study period that were predominantly male (73.2%), white (65.1%), with a mean age of 39.7 ± 22.3, and in-hospital mortality of 35.4%. During the study period, the mortality of this population increased from 34.8% to 38.3% (p = 0.18). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the following conditions were associated with higher mortality: being on pressors (OR: 8.41; CI 95% 5.55–12.75, p = 0), having Status Epilepticus (OR: 3.33; CI 95% 1.26–8.81, p = 0.015), self-pay (OR: 4.81; CI 95% 1.49–2.59, p = 0), privately insured (OR: 1.97; CI 95% 1.49–2.59, p = 0) and discharge from urban teaching hospitals (OR = 1.4; CI 95% 1.16–1.68, p = 0). Conclusion Patients who underwent craniotomy with multiple significant trauma had high mortality, at a rate of about one in three; mortality has been increasing during recent years. Those who required vasopressors and those who developed Status Epilepticus had a significant association with higher death. These associations may be due to the complexity of injuries in this population. Patients with these conditions should seek further attention by the clinicians. Further studies are warranted to characterize these differences.
Influence of pediatric cancer-related financial burden on parent distress and other stress-related symptoms.

Background Pediatric cancer-induced financial burden is source of stress for parents, particularly mothers, single parents, and parents with lower incomes. This financial burden has been linked to poorer family quality of life (QOL) in terms of new onset material hardships, and could also affect individual QOL in terms of parents' stress-related symptoms. Our purpose was to describe pediatric cancer-induced financial burden among parents of children with that diagnosis, its effects on their stress-related symptoms (distress, anxiety, cognition impairment, sleep impairment), and associations between select risk factors (relationship to the child, marital status, income) and the extent that financial burden affected parents' symptoms. Procedure We recruited via two parent-led groups and collected data using an online survey. We calculated frequencies of demographic characteristics, financial burden, and symptoms. We used chi-square statistics to examine bivariate associations between the risk factors and extent that cancer-related financial burden affected parents' symptoms. Results Most (63.6%) respondents reported that pediatric cancer severely affected their finances. The majority (50.23-69.86%) also reported that this burden severely affected their symptoms. Marital status, income, and, for some symptoms, relationship to the child were associated with the extent that financial burden affected the symptoms. Greater proportions of mothers (53-73.5%), divorced/single parents (69.2-90.4%), and parents in the lowest income category (77.3-95.5%) experienced severely affected symptoms compared to fathers (41.7-59.5%), married/partnered parents (41.7-59.5%), and parents in the highest income category (28.6-42.9%). Conclusion Financial burden and symptoms are fitting targets for interventions to improve family and individual QOL in the context of pediatric cancer.
Dementia care boot camp: interprofessional education for healthcare students

Dementia prevalence is increasing exponentially and has a profound effect on individuals diagnosed as well as their family caregivers. Dementia care should be patient focused, not task or medically...
Combined targeting of LSD1 (KDM1A) and histone deacetylases exerts superior efficacy against human AML.

10549 Background: LSD1 (KDM1A) is FAD-dependent histone H3K4Me2 demethylase. Inhibition of LSD1 increases H3K4Me3-a permissive mark for gene expression, and inhibits growth of pluripotent cancer ce...
Treatment Practice Analysis of Intermediate or High Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: A Multi-center Study with Veterans Health Administration Data.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous disease. PCa is stratified into risk groups based on clinical factors such as T-stage, Gleason score, and baseline prostate-specific antigen. Treatments are selected based on these risk groups. However, we hypothesize that non-clinical factors such as the radiation therapy (RT) center may also impact treatment selection, and we investigate the impact of these factors on treatment selection practice and their adherence to recommended guidelines from the national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN). A total of 552 patients with intermediate or high-risk localized PCa related data was collected from 34 radiation therapy centers of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), who were treated with definitive RT and with or without Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) between 2010 and 2017. Patients’ clinical information is extracted by manually reviewing their medical charts. We also extracted treatment intended and treatment administered information from consult and end-of-treatment notes, respectively. The random forest classification algorithm was used to identify the impact of clinical and non-clinical factors in treatment selection, their adherence to the treatment guidelines, and treatment alteration (i.e., change in intended and administered treatments). We created models for predicting treatment intended as well as treatment administered. Our results demonstrated that non-clinical (i.e., treatment center) factors, along with clinical factors, are significant for predicting the adherence of treatment intended to the NCCN guidelines. Furthermore, the center served as an important factor for prescribing ADT; however, it is not associated with the duration of ADT and is weakly associated with treatment alterations. This presence of center-bias in treatment selection warrants further investigation on details of center-specific barriers for NCCN guideline adherence, and as well as the impact of center-bias on oncological outcomes.
Chapter 12 – Dynamic financial analysis for multinational insurance companies*

Publisher Summary Global insurance/reinsurance companies can gain significant advantages by implementing an enterprise risk management system. The major goals are: increase long-term profitability, reduce enterprise risks, and identify the firm's optimal capital structure. Profitability depends upon evaluating uncertainties as a function of a set of common factors across the enterprise. The system takes up all major decisions: identifying optimal liability-driven asset strategies, expanding/contracting insurance lines and pricing policies, constructing sound reinsurance treaties, and setting the firm's capital structure. To implement risk management in global companies, this chapter presents a decentralized system. It describes a series of case studies in which the dynamic financial analysis (DFA) system can improve decision making. Prominent examples include: asset allocation strategies, selection of business activities to increase or decrease, the structure of reinsurance treaties, and the company's degree of leverage (gearing). Since many of these decisions interact with each other, it suggests that the full system be run in an integrated fashion. It shows that the DFA system can be implemented in large, decentralized companies by extending existing capital allocation policies. The scenario approach lends itself well to the decentralized management, common in most multinational financial organizations.
Li-ion Battery Electrode Health Diagnostics using Machine Learning

Diagnostic information of a battery allows for its maximum utilization while avoiding unfavorable or even dangerous operations. Model-based approaches have been proposed to identify the state of health (SOH) related parameters in lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries; however, high computational cost for solving optimization-based parameter identification makes these approaches difficult to be implemented in onboard applications. To address this issue, this paper proposes a machine learning-based approach using a neural network (NN) model for identifying electrode-level degradation of Li-ion batteries. For the diagnosis of electrode-level degradation (i.e., loss of active material (LAM) for each electrode and loss of lithium inventory (LLI)), electrochemical features are extracted from both incremental capacity (IC) curve and differential voltage (DV) curve. The developed NN model trained with the proposed electrochemical features shows strong potential in identifying each degradation mode accurately: the RMSE of all degradation modes is less than 0.1.
Combat-Sustained Peripheral Nerve Injuries in the United States Military.

Purpose Combat-sustained peripheral nerve injuries (CSPNIs) are often the result of high-energy blast mechanisms and are increasing in frequency and severity among US forces engaged in contemporary warfare. The purpose of this study was to describe CSPNIs and report outcomes after evaluation in a military multidisciplinary peripheral nerve clinic. We hypothesized that a shorter time to evaluation by a multidisciplinary peripheral nerve team would improve outcomes. Methods The Peripheral Nerve Consortium (PNC) maintains an electronic database of all active duty service members who sustained a peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and were treated by the PNC between 2004 and 2009. This database was queried for service member demographic information, injury characteristics, wounding patterns, CSPNI description, surgical procedures, and Medical Research Council final motor and sensory outcome. Results Among the 104 service members treated by the PNC in the 6-year period reviewed, there were 138 PNIs. Average age was 27 years, time to initial evaluation by the PNC was 4 (±7) months, and average follow-up was 18 (±18) months. Associated injuries included fractures (31.1%), multiple PNIs (76.8%), vascular injury (30.4%), and traumatic brain injury (34.1%). There was no association between Sunderland classification and time to evaluation, mechanism of injury, or nerve injured. However, Sunderland classification was correlated with final motor and final sensory scores. Service members with better final sensory score (S1 or S2) had shorter time to initial evaluation than did patients with a final sensory score of S0 ( Conclusions Service members with more severe initial injuries had worse final outcomes. Although timely referral does not occur for most CSPNIs, a shorter time to presentation also led to improved sensory recovery. Complex combat-sustained PNIs may be best understood and treated within a multidisciplinary team. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic IV.
The Uniqueness of Hate Crimes

This chapter examines the rational that supports penalty enhancing statutes and sanctions for hate motivated violence. To this end, the chapter delves into theories and studies that posit hate crimes are uniquely different than their ordinary crime counterparts. The chapter reviews empirical evidence that has found physical, psychological, and quality of life coping differences that reflect the severity of injuries to hate crime victims. In addition, the impact of victims possessing immutable characteristics and the inability to use victim blaming techniques to avoid future victimizations is discussed. Chapter 6 also includes a discussion of possible intervening factors that research has uncovered that likely exacerbate the severity of bias victim injuries. The chapter includes a discussion of vicarious victimization effects on secondary victims and illuminates the effectiveness of the messages that hate crime offenders send to all members of their target bias victim groups. Lastly, chapter 6 examines the differential impact of the hate crime experience on racial and ethnic minorities.
An Advanced GNU Radio Receiver of IEEE 802.15.4 OQPSK Physical Layer

In this article, we present an advanced coherent receiver for the IEEE 802.15.4 offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) physical layer and provide an open-source implementation in the GNU Radio framework. Simulation and field test results show that the proposed receiver achieves about 11-dB power gain over an existing GNU Radio receiver, which treats OQPSK as minimum-shift-keying (MSK) for low-complexity processing. While suitable modules can be added to the MSK-based receiver for performance enhancement, the proposed receiver still maintains a 6-dB power gain. The proposed coherent receiver is attractive for IoT applications where a powerful software-defined-radio (SDR)-based gateway is deployed to interact with various sensors.
Prevalence of Adenomyosis Among Symptomatic Young Adults in Association with Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Pilot Study

Study Objective To estimate the prevalence of adenomyosis among young adult patients with dysmenorrhea and/or heavy menstrual bleeding based on transvaginal ultrasounds (TVUS) and to assess various patient-reported outcome measures. Design Prospective cohort study. This abstract is an interim analysis of a larger ongoing study. Setting Outpatient minimally invasive gynecologic l surgery (MIGS) clinic. Patients or Participants Patients ages of 18 to 27 presenting with dysmenorrhea and/or heavy menstrual bleeding (n=15). Interventions TVUS to evaluate menstrual complaints and study questionnaires including self-reported health and demographic information, as well as validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) from the Menstrual Bleeding Questionnaire (MBQ), Endometriosis Health Profile-30, and the EQ-5D-3L to evaluate menstrual symptoms, health status, and impact on quality of life. Measurements and Main Results Data from 15 patients have been analyzed thus far. TVUS reports were assessed for markers associated with adenomyosis and based on the presence of these markers, were given a TVUS diagnosis of adenomyosis. The prevalence of TVUS-diagnosed adenomyosis among the sample was 33.3%. The most common ultrasound markers were a heterogenous myometrium (60.0%) and asymmetrical thickening (26.7%). Patients with TVUS-diagnoses of adenomyosis had higher EHP-30 pain scores (59.1±28.3 vs. 42.1±20.2; p=0.249), EHP-30 emotional well-being scores (43.8±30.9 vs. 26.7±17.4; p=0.205), and higher EHP-30 composite scores, which includes impact on quality of life (53.1±29.8 vs. 36.9±20.2; p=0.258) than patients without TVUS-diagnoses of adenomyosis. Patients with TVUS-diagnoses of adenomyosis had similar MBQ scores as patients without the TVUS diagnoses (18±9.8 vs. 23.1±10.7; p=0.938). Conclusion Findings of this pilot study support a higher prevalence of adenomyosis among young adults than has been reported in previous literature. Patients with TVUS-diagnosed adenomyosis trended towards worse dysmenorrhea, physical and mental health statuses and overall quality of life. Current research gaps in adenomyosis among this age group necessitate further research, especially as we learn more about true prevalence rates.
Lovibond, Joseph Williams 1833–1918

Joseph Lovibond was a British chemist, brewer, and is credited with inventing the commercial colorimetry, the Lovibond Tintometer.