cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of novel acid-sensitive tert-butyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate containing star-shaped polymers

Star-shaped polymers containing poly(isobutyl methacrylate) (iBMA) and poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (t-BMA) arms coupled to a 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol dimethacrylate (DHDMA) core were synthesized using arm-first living anionic polymerization. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) indicated that coupling efficiencies were high and coupled products exhibited a monomodal molecular weight distribution. The star-shaped polymer number--average molecular weights were 8-10 times higher than the precursor arm molecular weights. The ratio of coupling reagent to living chain end concentration controlled the molecular weight of the star-shaped polymer and the number of coupled arms. The molecular weight distributions of the star-shaped polymers ranged from 1.5-2.0. Due to the labile tertiary- butyl esters contained in the DHDMA cores, these star-shaped polymers were readily hydrolyzed in the presence of acid catalysts. For example, poly(iBMA) star-shaped polymers were hydrolytically stable at 25 degree(s)C and hydrolyzed readily at 65 degree(s)C in the presence of hydrochloric acid. In addition, the poly(t-BMA) containing star--shaped polymers degraded under similar conditions. The degradation process for the iBMA and t-BMA containing star-shaped polymers was confirmed using 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and poly(iBMA)-block- poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(methacrylic acid) were obtained, respectively.
A Layered Graph Interface Assignment Algorithm for Multi-Channel Wireless Networks

This paper studies how to assign radio interfaces to work on multiple channels in multi-channel and multi-interface wireless networks. Different from previous studies that focused on the MAC layer, we study this problem from a global perspective. We use a layered graph to model multi-channel wireless networks, and develop effective interface assignment and routing path computation algorithms based on the layered graph. We have evaluated the performance of our algorithm and compared it to a sequential interface assignment algorithm. The numerical results show that our algorithm significantly outperforms the sequential interface assignment.
The ubiquity and utility of the therapeutic misconception.

The term “therapeutic misconception” was coined in 1982 by Paul Appelbaum, Loren Roth, and Charles Lidz. Appelbaum and his colleagues interviewed participants in several psychiatric studies, including a drug trial with a placebo control arm. Appelbaum's group found that many people were unaware of the differences between participating in a study and receiving treatment in the clinical setting. Rather than understanding these differences, study participants tended to believe that therapy and research were governed by the same primary goal: to advance the individual patient's best interests. Appelbaum's group labeled this mistaken belief the therapeutic misconception.
Failure of All-ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures in vitro and in vivo: Analysis and Modeling

Hertzian cone cracks visible at the loading site of 20 all-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs), tested in vitro, led to the hypotheses that failure was due to the propagation of localized contact damage crack systems (Hertzian stress state) and that such damage was an unlikely clinical failure mode. Fractographic analysis of the 20 laboratory-failed and nine clinically-failed all-ceramic FPDs allowed for definitive testing of these hypotheses and a comparison between in vitro and in vivo failure behavior. In all cases, failure occurred in the FPD connectors (none from contact damage), with approximately 70 to 78% originating from the interface between the core and veneer ceramics. The coincidence between failure origins provides strong evidence that the in vitro test modeled aspects of structural behavior having clinical importance. The fractographic observations, coupled with the in vitro failure load data, furnished very specific boundary conditions which were applied to constrain mathematical models ...
An efficient, general synthesis of spiroalkenes and related derivatives

(1977). AN EFFICIENT, GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF SPIROALKENES AND RELATED DERIVATIVES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 103-108.
Medial and lateral pectoral nerve block with liposomal bupivacaine for the management of postsurgical pain after submuscular breast augmentation.

Breast augmentation is among the most popular surgical procedures performed in the world, with approximately 1,773,584 performed in 2013.1 The vast majority of these implants are placed submuscularly. Tissue expansion remains a common technique for reconstruction of a breast that has undergone surgical treatment for carcinoma. Submuscular device placement is often preferred, as this enhances soft-tissue coverage of the implant and reduces the risk of fibrous capsular contracture. Although submuscular implant placement has distinct advantages in many patients, postsurgical recovery is marked by pain related to the stretching of the pectoralis major muscle fibers and muscle spasm from the surgical trauma and stretching forces caused by the device. Surgical creation of a submuscular pocket is greatly facilitated by pectoralis major muscle relaxation. Direct paralysis by nerve block with a local anesthetic provides profound muscle flaccidity.
The Silk Road in World History: A Review Essay

The Silk Road, a trans-Eurasian network of trade routes connecting East and Southeast Asia to Central Asia, India, Southwest Asia, the Mediterranean, and northern Europe, which flourished from roughly 100 BCE to around 1450, has enjoyed two modern eras of intense academic study. The first spanned a period of little more than five decades, from the late nineteenth century into the early1930s, when a succession of European, Japanese, and American scholaradventurers, working primarily in Chinese Turkestan (present-day Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, which comprises China’s vast northwest) and China’s Gansu Province (to the immediate east of Xinjiang) rediscovered and often looted many of the ancient sites and artifacts of the Silk Road. The second era began to pick up momentum in the 1980s due to a number of geopolitical, cultural, and technological realities as well as the emergence of the New World History as a historiographical field and area of teaching. This second period of fascination with the Silk Road has resulted in not only a substantial body of both learned and popular publications as well as productions in other media but also in an ever-expanding sense among historians of the scope, reach, and significance of the Silk Road.
Optimizing over the split closure

The polyhedron defined by all the split cuts obtainable directly (i.e. without iterated cut generation) from the LP-relaxation P of a mixed integer program (MIP) is termed the (elementary, or rank 1) split closure of P. This paper deals with the problem of optimizing over the elementary split closure. This is accomplished by repeatedly solving the following separation problem: given a fractional point, say x, find a rank-1 split cut violated by x or show that none exists. Following Caprara and Letchford [17], we formulate this separation problem as a nonlinear mixed integer program that can be treated as a parametric mixed integer linear program (PMILP) with a single parameter in the objective function and the right hand side. We develop an algorithmic framework to deal with the resulting PMILP by creating and maintaining a dynamically updated grid of parameter values, and use the corresponding mixed integer programs to generate rank 1 split cuts. Our approach was implemented in the COIN-OR framework using CPLEX 9.0 as a general purpose MIP solver. We report our computational results on well-known benchmark instances from MIPLIB 3.0 and several classes of structured integer and mixed integer problems. Our computational results show that rank-1 split cuts close more than 98% of the duality gap on 15 out of 41 mixed integer instances from MIPLIB 3.0. More than 75% of the duality gap can be closed on an additional 10 instances. The average gap closed over all 41 instances is 72.78%. In the pure integer case, rank-1 split cuts close more than 75% of the duality gap on 13 out of 24 instances from MIPLIB 3.0. On average, rank 1 split cuts close about 72% of the duality gap on these 24 instances. We also report results on several classes of structured problems: capacitated versions of warehouse location, single-source facility location, p-median, fixed charge network flow, multi-commodity network design with splittable and unsplittable flows, and lot sizing. The fraction of the integrality gap closed varies for these problem classes between 100 and 67%. We also gathered statistics on the average coefficient size (absolute value) of the disjunctions generated. They turn out to be surprisingly small.
Laser Scattering Microhaze Correlation with Polysilicon Surface Roughness and Impact on Electrical Performance

Laser scattering surface maps of polysilicon films are studied under a range of process conditions. The surface maps are shown to contain information that correlates with polysilicon film morphology which impacts device performance within a CMOS process for the 45 nm node. These surface maps provide whole wafer surface information at a data collection throughput of 1 minute per wafer. They provide a novel and rapid methodology for process tool monitoring that can enhance the line stability.
Spectral difference methods for solving differential equations

Abstract A family of recently developed techniques is explored for achieving both matrix sparsity and rapid convergence when numerically solving differential and eigenvalue equations without domain decomposition. These methods, which we call spectral differences, include Boyd's sum acceleration techniques and the Lagrange distributed approximating functional (LDAF) approach. A formula is developed for estimating the unknown Gaussian parameter within LDAF. We implement these methods to calculate the Morse vibrational energies for diatomic iodine. For equivalent bandwidths the sum acceleration with finite difference weights generates energies which are between two and three orders of magnitude more accurate than those from LDAF.
Identification of Human Errors of Commission Using Sneak Analysis

Sneak Analysis was adapted for use in identifying human errors of commission. Flow diagrams were developed to guide the analyst through a series of questions aimed at locating sneak paths, sneak in...
Gifted education and the courts: Teacher certification and employment decisions

Certification and training of gifted education teachers becomes a legal issue when school boards and school administrators make personnel decisions. This article examines the outcome of an arbitration hearing and several court decisions which involve this legal question. Based upon these proceedings, it was concluded that mandatory certification provides much greater legal protection for gifted education advocates who wish to maintain adequately trained teachers in the gifted student classrooms.
Evaluation of Biodegradability and Biodegradation Kinetics for Anionic, Nonionic, and Amphoteric Surfactants

The biodegradation kinetics of anionic (sodium laureth sulfate – SLES), amphoteric (disodium cocoamphodiacetate – DSCADA), and nonionic surfactants (polyalcohol ethoxylate – PAE) were assessed in this laboratory study. Similar degradation behavior was observed for all surfactants with only a fraction of the parent compound readily biodegradable. Biodegradation, as estimated by COD removal, was initially (i.e., within 24 h) rapid, however only 40–70% of the surfactant molecules were readily biodegradable. Intrinsic kinetic parameters were successfully quantified for the readily biodegradable component of the surfactant. Inhibition was not observed and microbial kinetics of SLES, DSCADA, and PAE degradation fit the Monod model well. Average μ-S curves were generated for each surfactant. Based on these results, complete degradation of the target surfactants using biological waste treatment would be limited.
The Family and Consumer Decision Making: A Cultural View:

An understanding of consumer behavior based on the traditional Western nuclear family (husband, wife, and unmarried children) model is inadequate to handle marketing on a global scale or to interpret changes at home. The number of relatives influencing purchase—and who they are—can vary as can the type of decision making, which may be allocative, stressing individual responsibility, or consensual. This article re-examines our basic assumptions and then considers marketing under alternative family scenarios—extended families, further familial shrinkage, and more participatory decision-making.
Stentless porcine valves in the right ventricular outflow tract: improved durability?

Objective: Stentless porcine valves are commonly used for aortic valve replacement in adults, yet their long-term performance in the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract is unknown. We evaluated intermediate-term performance of stentless porcine valves in the RVoutflow tract in 150 children and adults over a 10-year period.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data on all patients undergoing placement of a pulmonary valve or RV-PA conduit with a stentless porcine prosthesis (19 mm) from 1998 to 2008. Valvar function was assessed with echocardiography. Freedom from reintervention (explantation or catheter-based intervention) was determined by actuarial methods. Results: A stentless porcine prosthesis was placed in the pulmonary position in 150 patients with a median weight and age of 50.1 kg (range 9.8—127) and 15.8 years (range 1.4—55), respectively. There were three early deaths (2%) and no late deaths. Actuarial freedom from reintervention was 100% at 1 year and 95.5% at 5 years. Peak transvalvar gradient at 1 and 5 years was 13 12 mmHg and 25 11 mmHg, respectively. At last follow-up no patient had severe insufficiency (PI), five patients had moderate PI and the remainder mild or no PI. Conclusions: Stentless porcine valves function well in the pulmonarypositionovertheintermediate-termandareassociatedwithlowratesofreinterventioninpatientsrequiringa >19 mmvalveorvalved conduit. Longer-term follow-up and comparison with other alternatives will be necessary to determine if these valves are superior to commonly used allograft or bovine jugular venous valved conduits. # 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Cost-driven octree construction schemes: an experimental study

Many algorithmic problems are interesting to both theoreticians and practitioners, but in a different manner. While the theoreticians have traditionally focused on worst-case scenarios which is often not very useful in practice, the practitioners are sometimes stuck in the hacking culture and arrive at solutions that only work well in a few specific cases. An example of such an algorithmic problem is ray shooting.Imposing some data structure to support ray-shooting queries usually helps to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. We focus on one such data structure---the octree. It is flexible and adaptive and has many applications. However, its degree of adaptiveness usually depends on manually selected parameters controlling its termination criteria. It is difficult to fix a set of parameter values that is good for all possible scenes. One approach to resolve this problem is to construct a data structure which "tunes itself" to the input without using arbitrary preset parameters, so that a single algorithm is suitable for all situations. Surprisingly, only a few investigations have focused on this approach compared to the huge amount of research papers on ray shooting from both the theoreticians and the practitioners. We take some steps in this direction by evaluating several octree construction schemes for use in ray shooting, some widely used in the computer graphics literature (such as bounding the number of objects in a leaf and the maximum depth) and some developed in companion papers as part of this research (cost-driven k-greedy termination criteria). Our experimental results show that the octrees constructed using our schemes are better than those built with a priori fixed parameters.Our octree construction algorithm is driven by a simple cost predictor and has been proven elsewhere to approximate the optimal tree to within a constant factor. We fine-tune the predictor and observe the behavior of our algorithm on octrees built to support a simple ray tracing engine and compare its performance with those of commonly used alternatives. It appears to work well in practice.
Boundary-Layer Behavior in the Fluid-Dynamic Limit for a Nonlinear Model Boltzmann Equation

In this paper, we study the fluid-dynamic limit for the one-dimensional Broadwell model of the nonlinear Boltzmann equation in the presence of boundaries. We consider an analogue of Maxwell's diffusive and reflective boundary conditions. The boundary layers can be classified as either compressive or expansive in terms of the associated characteristic fields. We show that both expansive and compressive boundary layers (before detachment) are nonlinearly stable and that the layer effects are localized so that the fluid dynamic approximation is valid away from the boundary. We also show that the same conclusion holds for short time without the structural conditions on the boundary layers. A rigorous estimate for the distance between the kinetic solution and the fluid-dynamic solution in terms of the mean-free path in theL ∞-norm is obtained provided that the interior fluid flow is smooth. The rate of convergence is optimal.
Two-Dimensional Cursor-to-Target Control From Single Muscle Site sEMG Signals

In this study, human subjects achieve two-dimensional cursor-to-target control using the surface electromyogram (sEMG) from a single muscle site. The X-coordinate and the Y-coordinate of the computer cursor were simultaneously controlled by the active manipulation of power within two frequency bands of the sEMG power-spectrum. Success of the method depends on the sEMG frequency bandwidths and their midpoints. We acquired the sEMG signals at a single facial muscle site of four able-bodied subjects and trained them, by visual feedback, to control the position of the cursor. After training, all four subjects were able to simultaneously control the X and Y positions of the cursor to accurately and consistently hit three widely-separated targets on a computer screen. This technology has potential application in a wide variety of human-machine interfaces to assistive technologies.
Pancreatic fluid collection drainage by endoscopic ultrasound: New perspectives

Since the introduction of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), many centers have utilized this imaging modality for transmural pancreatic fluid collection (PFC) drainage. The expanded use of EUS has resulted in increased safety and efficacy of endoscopic PFC drainage. The major procedural steps include EUS-guided transgastric or transduodenal fistula creation into the PFC, and stent placement or nasocystic drain deployment to decompress the collection. In this and other applications, EUS has become a major therapeutic advancement in the field of endoscopy and has figured in myriad diagnostic applications. Recent research indicates a number of situations in which EUS-guided PFC drainage is appropriate. These include unusual location of the collection, small window of entry, non-bulging collections, coagulopathy, intervening varices, or failed conventional transmural drainage. In this study, we discuss the EUS-guided technique and review current literatures.
Combined aromatase inhibitor and antiandrogen treatment decreases territorial aggression in a wild songbird during the nonbreeding season.

Male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia morphna) defend territories throughout the year in western Washington State. In the nonbreeding season (autumn and winter), aggression and song are robustly expressed but plasma testosterone (T) levels are basal. Also, castration does not decrease nonbreeding territoriality. In this field experiment, we asked whether nonbreeding aggression is independent of T. T can act via androgen receptors or T can be aromatized to 17β-estradiol (E2) and act via estrogen receptors. We treated free-living nonbreeding birds with an aromatase inhibitor (ATD) and an androgen receptor antagonist (flutamide) in combination. We then challenged subjects with a live decoy and playback of tape-recorded songs. ATD+flutamide treatment decreased several aggressive behaviors. However, ATD+flutamide treatment did not affect body condition, suggesting that subjects were healthy and that foraging behavior was not reduced. As expected, ATD+flutamide treatment increased plasma T, probably by blocking negative feedback on luteinizing hormone. Surprisingly, ATD+flutamide treatment increased plasma E2. Most other studies using aromatase inhibitors have not measured plasma E2. However, it is possible that ATD+flutamide treatment decreased local E2 levels in the brain but not in plasma. Finally, ATD+flutamide treatment increased plasma corticosterone, perhaps in response to increased plasma T or E2. To our knowledge, these are the first data to suggest that nonbreeding territoriality is regulated by endogenous steroid hormones. Nongonadal production of sex steroids may support aggression in the nonbreeding season.
Multilayered iron complexes of metacyclophanes. 1H NMR behavior

Abstract Syntheses are described for a series of (η6-cyclophane)(η5cyclopentadienyl)iron(II) complexes, where the cyclophane moiety is anti-[2.2]metacyclophane, anti-4,12-dimethyl[2.2]metacyclophane, anti-4,12-dimethyl-7,15-dimethoxy[2.2]metacyclophane, and [2.2](2,5)thiophenophane. The triple-layered complexes η6,η6-anti-[2.2]metacyclophane)bis[(η5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)] bis(hexafluorophosphate) and (η6,η6-anti-4,12-dimethyl[2.2]metacyclophane)bis[(η5-cyclopentadienyl)iron(II)] bis(hexafluorophosphate) were also prepared. The NMR spectra of these compounds provide a useful insight into the nature of the iron-cyclophane bonding.
Actively targeting solid tumours with thermoresponsive drug delivery systems that respond to mild hyperthermia

AbstractA diverse range of drug delivery vehicles have been developed to specifically target chemotherapeutics to solid tumours while avoiding systemic dose-limiting toxicity. Many of these active targeting strategies display limited efficacy because they rely on subtle differences in expression patterns between pathogenic tissue and healthy tissue. In contrast, drug delivery systems that exploit thermoresponsive behaviour allow a clinician to spatially and temporally control the accumulation and/or release of the toxic agents within tumour tissue by simply applying mild hyperthermia (defined as 39–43 °C) to the desired site. Although thermally sensitive materials comprise a significant portion of the literature on novel drug delivery systems, only a few systems have been methodically tuned to respond within this narrowly defined physiological temperature range in an in vivo environment. This review discusses the materials and strategies developed to control the primary tumour through the combined applica...
Testing whether new is better than used of a specified age, with randomly censored data†

Using randomly censored data, we develop a test of the null hypothesis that a new item has stochastically the same residual lifelength as does a used item of specified age t0, versus the alternative hypothesis that a new item has stochastically greater residual lifelength than does a used item of age t0. We also compare our test with a related test, developed for a complete-data model, in order to study the loss in efficiency because of censoring. Soient deux hypotheses H0 et H1, a savoir que la duree de vie residuelle ďune nouvelle composante sera stochastiquement egale ou superieure a celle ďune composante usagee ǎgee de t0 unites de temps. On presente ici une nouvelle procedure permettant de tester laquelle de ces deux hypotheses est la plus plausible en presence de donnees censurees aleatoirement. La perte ďefficacite du test occasionnee par ce phenomene de censure est mesuree par comparaison avec un test analogue correspondant a un modele ou aucune censure n'est exercee.
ON IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF AN ANISOTROPIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR CLAYS

Numerical implementation of an anisotropic constitutive model for clays (SANICLAY) is presented. Moreover, a case study in which a soil embankment is placed on a K0-consolidated over-consolidated clay is analyzed by conducting an elastoplastic fully-coupled finite element analysis. It is shown that anisotropy has significant impact on the ground settlement caused by the placement of soil embankment and on the pore pressure generation and dissipation within the foundation soil. The simulations using SANICLAY favorably compare with the field measurements of ground settlement and pore pressure. The drawbacks of the use of an isotropic elastoplastic model (Cam Clay) are also demonstrated.
Monitoring sheep and Culicoides midges in Montana for evidence of Bunyamwera serogroup virus infection.

Introduction: A serological and entomological investigation was performed to monitor for potential Bunyamwera (BUN) serogroup virus activity in Montana. Results: To facilitate the serological investigation, sera were collected from 104 sheep in 2013 and 2014 and assayed by plaque reduction neutralization test using all six BUN serogroup viruses known to occur in the United States: Cache Valley virus (CVV), Lokern virus (LOKV), Main Drain virus (MDV), Northway virus, Potosi virus and Tensaw virus. BUN serogroup virusspecific antibodies were detected in 41 (39%) sheep. Of these, three were seropositive for MDV, one was seropositive for CVV, one was seropositive for LOKV and 36 had antibodies to an undetermined BUN serogroup virus. Additionally, 30,606 Culicoides sonorensis were collected in 2013 using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps and assayed for cytopathic virus by virus isolation in African Green Monkey kidney (Vero) cells. All midges were negative. Almost one-third of the midges were further tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using BUN serogroup virus-reactive primers and all were negative. Conclusions: We provide evidence of BUN serogroup virus infection in sheep but not C. sonorensis in Montana in 2013-2014. This study also provides the first evidence of CVV, MDV and LOKV activity in Montana.
A national program for injury prevention in children and adolescents: The injury free coalition for kids

Injury is the leading cause of death and a major source of preventable disability in children. Mechanisms of injury are rooted in a complex web of social, economic, environmental, criminal, and behavioral factors that necessitate a multifaceted, systematic injury prevention approach. This article describes the injury burden and the way physicians, community coalitions, and a private foundation teamed to impact the problem first in an urban minority community and then through a national program. Through our injury prevention work in a resource-limited neighborhood, a national model evolved that provides a systematic framework through which education and other interventions are implemented. Interventions are aimed at changing the community and home environments physically (safe play areas and elimination of community and home hazards) and socially (education and supervised extracurricular activities with mentors). This program, based on physician-community partnerships and private foundation financial support, expanded to 40 sites in 37 cities, representing all 10 US trauma regions. Each site is a local adaptation of the Injury Free Coalition model also referred to as the ABC’s of injury prevention: A, “analyze injury data through local injury surveillance”; B, “build a local coalition”; C, “communicate the problem and raise awareness that injuries are a preventable public health problem”; D, “develop interventions and injury prevention activities to create safer environments and activities for children”; and E, “evaluate the interventions with ongoing surveillance.” It is feasible to develop a comprehensive injury prevention program of national scope using a voluntary coalition of trauma centers, private foundation finaccial and technical support, and a local injury prevention model with a well-established record of reducing and sustaining lower injury rates for inner-city children and adolescents.
A Prospective Study of Adolescent Suicidal Behavior Following Hospitalization

Identification of factors associated with adolescent suicidal behavior following psychiatric hospitalization would facilitate development of effective aftercare interventions. This prospective study identified specific predictors of suicidal behavior in 100 adolescents during a 6-month follow-up period. Standardized baseline assessments and structured follow-up telephone interviews were conducted with adolescents and their guardians. Eighteen percent of adolescents reported suicidal behavior during the follow-up period, primarily of low medical lethality and minimal or ambivalent suicidal intent. This behavior was associated with suicidal thoughts, family dysfunction, and dysthymia. It was not associated with initial posthospitalization treatment compliance. Implications of these findings are discussed.
PKCζ-mediated phosphorylation controls budding of the pre-chylomicron transport vesicle

Dietary triacylglycerols are absorbed by enterocytes and packaged in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the intestinal specific lipoprotein, the chylomicron, for export into mesenteric lymph. Chylomicrons exit the ER in an ER-to-Golgi transport vesicle, the pre-chylomicron transport vesicle (PCTV), which is the rate-limiting step in the transit of chylomicrons across the cell. Here, we focus on potential mechanisms of control of the PCTV-budding step from the intestinal ER. We incubated intestinal ER with intestinal cytosol and ATP to cause PCTV budding. The budding reaction was inhibited by 60 nM of the PKC inhibitor Go 6983, suggesting the importance of PKCzeta in the generation of PCTV. Immunodepletion of PKCzeta from the cytosol and the use of washed ER greatly inhibited the generation of PCTVs, but was restored following the addition of recombinant PKCzeta. Intestinal ER incubated with intestinal cytosol and [gamma-(32)P]ATP under conditions supporting the generation of PCTVs showed the phosphorylation of a 9-kDa band following autoradiography. The phosphorylation of this protein correlated with the generation of PCTVs but not the formation of protein vesicles and was inhibited by depletion of PKCzeta. Phosphorylation of the 9-kDa protein was restored following the addition of recombinant PKCzeta. The association of the 9-kDa protein with proteins that are important for PCTV budding was phosphorylation dependent. We conclude that PKCzeta activity is required for PCTV budding from intestinal ER, and is associated with phosphorylation of a 9-kDa protein that might regulate PCTV budding.
Research interests of secondary science teachers

In the past few years, science educators and the nation at large have become increasingly concerned about the “Crisis in Science Education.” An underlying cause of this crisis is the nonuniform quality of instruction delivered by secondary science teachers. One way to improve the quality of teaching in the schools is the application of science education research findings to teaching. Most teachers are unaware of the research findings and/or do not apply them in their classrooms. This study helps determine the areas of research which are of greatest interest to secondary science teachers. Results will be used by NSTA to determine the contents of future volumes of the monograph What Research Says to the Science Teacher. A random sample of 600 secondary science teachers was obtained from the National Registry of NSTA. Teachers were sent a 23 item questionnaire that asked them to rate their interest in each research topic on a five point scale. The questionnaire contained the 12 items prepared by a NARST-NSTA committee in 1979 and an additional 11 items using the same format. Demographic data collected from the survey included sex, teaching assignment, role in school, type of school, type of community, years of teaching experience, and familiarity with What Research Says. … Data were analyzed using this demographic data as well as according to whether teachers returned the original or a follow-up questionnaire. Teachers who returned the first questionnaire had basically the same preferences as those who returned the follow-up questionnaire. Sixty percent of the teachers completed the questionnaire in usable form. Overall results of the study based on both frequency of response and on mean rating indicate that the following five topics are of greatest interest to secondary science teachers: laboratory experiences, motivational techniques, effect on college courses, problem solving, and meaningful learning. Analysis of data according to the subject taught indicated that chemistry and physics teachers are more interested in problem solving than biology teachers, and that chemistry, physics, and earth science teachers are also interested in the sequence of the content. Males and females had the same top five interests but in a different order. The same is true for teachers of grades 7–9 versus grades 10–12. Rural teachers preferences varied substantially from those in other settings and differences were also found for teachers familiar with What Research Says … compared to the rest of the sample. For every classification of teacher, the area of least interest was sex difference research.
Large steps in long Josephson junctions

Large constant voltage-current steps were observed in the I-V characteristics of long NbN-MgO-NbN Josephson junctions in the presence of external magnetic fields of a few Gauss. The steps are separated by a voltage corresponding roughly to three to five times the voltage spacing expected between adjacent Fiske steps. Models addressing the origin of such steps are presented. Simultaneous nucleation of fluxons at several sites along the junction with thin electrodes, favored by the large London penetration depth of NbN, would introduce a large amount of magnetic flux into the junction at once, leading to large steps. A model which involves pinning of fluxons in the junction is given. Due to the granularity of NbN and its very small coherence length, there will be pinning sites in the junction preventing single fluxons from moving at low bias currents. At particular junction parameter values the steps become very regular and sharp. The sharp steps can be used as a voltage standard without external RF bias or as a high-power oscillator when the device is suitably biased. >
Incorporating End-of-Life Issues into Psychology Courses.

The American Psychological Association's Working Group on Assisted Suicide and End-of-Life Decisions (2000) recently called for the development of resources to assist training programs in incorporating end-of-life issues into undergraduate and graduate courses. After explaining why teaching about the dying process is relevant to psychology, I provide suggestions for how instructors can include end-of-life issues and decisions in courses on ethical, legal, and professional issues; adult and life span development; counseling diverse populations; and assessment and diagnosis. Each section contains a brief review of key issues, provides sample discussion questions, and highlights appropriate references.
Family Labor and the Question of the new Family

In this book, I have been working to develop a labor theory of the contemporary family. For instance, in the previous chapter I have discussed the way in which the existing relations of production/exploitation (re)produce the family in its current, privatized form. At the same time, these relations of exploitation, as I have argued in Chapter One, work to limit the resources available to working families to meet their needs through their structuring of the working day.
A CASE REPORT: DRUG INTERACTION BETWEEN LINEZOLID AND DOPAMINE

Linezolid is a weak, non-selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO). It can inhibit the breakdown of the tyramine by MAO in the gut and can also potentiate the effect of tyramine at nerve endings, thereby causing an increase in blood pressure. We encountered a neonate who developed acute hypertensive episode after simultaneous administration of dopamine and linezolid. A 25 w preterm neonate was admitted in NICU (Neonatal Intensive Care Unit) with complaints of Patent Ductus Arteriosus and respiratory infection. Linezolid infusion 6.5 mg every 8 h over 30 min (7 am, 3pm, 11 pm) was added after confirmation of gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus epidermis) growth. Inj. Dopamine 20 mcg/kg/min was started for derangement in blood pressure 52/28 mm Hg (Mean blood pressure 43) at 5 pm. The baby developed acute hypertensive episode at 5.30 pm for which dopamine was withdrawn immediately. The half-life of Linezolid is 5.6 h in preterm baby, and that of Dopamine is 2 min. Since the probability of peak concentration for both the administered drugs was around the same time period, the baby developed acute hypertensive episode. So the combination of Linezolid with Dopamine should be avoided if possible or the dosage interval has to be extended to minimize the adverse reaction.
Place and Race: Health of African Americans in Nonmetropolitan Areas

The black health disadvantage, including old-age disability, is well-known and persists over the life course, although it is smaller in the older population. Both race and place of residence play a role in shaping health status and disability, and these effects are cumulative in a way that ages African Americans prematurely, resulting in greater functional limitations and disability. This chapter analyzes geographic differences in disability among African Americans age 65 and older using the concepts measured in the 2009 American Community Survey and comparing disabilities of nonmetropolitan blacks to metropolitan blacks and whites. In addition, it compares disability among Southern blacks to that of other blacks. The results show that, in general, elderly African Americans are substantially more likely than whites to have disabilities; both whites and blacks have more disabilities when they live in nonmetropolitan areas as compared to metropolitan areas; and, while elderly living in the South are more likely to experience disabilities than elderly in other regions of the United States, the race differential in disability is smaller in the South than the non-South.
Can We Do More than Just Control?: A Re-Evaluation of Texas Prison Management

John DiIulio’s book Governing Prisons is still the seminal on prison management, despite being written before the prison building boom of the last twenty years. In that work DiIulio assumes that the primary purpose of a prison, therefore the job of a prison administrator, is to insure the safety of the staff and inmates. Although this is one part of the job, the work largely ignores the function and politics of rehabilitation and treatment programs. I suggest that DiIulio’s findings emphasize those prison systems that seek to control as rather than those that seek to rehabilitate and treat. This leads to the conclusion that the Texas model of prison management is the most effective. My paper re-evaluates DiIulio’s claims, given the passage of time, by interviewing current Texas prison managers on issues of management, control and rehabilitation.
Aggregation and Foraging Behavior of Imported Cabbageworm (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) Adults on Blue Vervain Flowers

The imported cabbageworm [Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)], also known as the cabbage white butterfly, is an important specialized pest on cruciferous plants (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) worldwide. In 2006 and 2014, aggregations of cabbage white butterflies were observed on a patch of flowering blue vervain [Verbena hastate (L.) (Lamiales: Verbenaceae)] plants on Zion Hope Road, near the Belflower Research Farm in Tift Co., GA. Blue vervain is a native wildflower commonly found along the roadside throughout the United States and blooms in midto late summer (Kirk and Belt 2010, Plant fact sheet for blue vervain (Verbena hastata). USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service, Norman A. Berg National Plant Materials Center, Beltsville, MD, 2 pp.). Blue vervain is not a known host plant for the cabbage white butterfly. Because blue vervain is a native plant species, and cabbage white butterfly is an invasive pest species, the unique attractiveness between this invasive lepidopteran pest and the nonhost native plant has potential broad ramification for insect pest management. This phenomenon could be exploited and utilized in effective management tactic for invasive pests that use native plants or other natural resources. If the key visual and chemical attracting factors (e.g., color and shape of flowers, volatiles, or nectar) that attract the butterflies are identified and deployed to trap and kill the butterflies, the future populations of the cabbageworm infestation on Brassica vegetable crops could be significantly reduced in a given growing cycle of the cruciferous vegetable crop production. The map coordinates for the location where the aggregation has been observed are N 31830.063, W 83833.596. When aggregation occurred, foraging behavior of butterflies was also observed on blue vervain flowers in late mornings (around
Spider Mite Interactions with Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Productivity of Strawberry

Studie were conducted in 1978 and 1979 to evaluate the effects of varying twospotted spider mite populations on photosynthesis, transpiration, and productivy of strawberry plants under field conditions. Both photosynthesis and transpiration were significantly reduced by high levels of spider mite populations. Early season infestations caused reductions in physiological parameters at much lower population levels than was necessary to cause similar injury later in the season. Reduced physiological activity of mite-stressed plants persisted until plant recovery was observed following a rapid decline in spider mite populations. The number of fruit produced was significantly increased from plants experiencing low level stress from mite populations. After the initial increase, the number of fruit from infested plants decreased significanyly and the difference was greatest from plants that experienced early season stress. Fruit size was reduced significantly for all mite-stressed plants.
Practice across borders: What is the standard approach to assessment of an unprovoked seizure in an adult?

After reading the standard approach to assessment of first unprovoked seizure in an adult in the United States, Brazil, and India (3 very different countries on 3 very different continents), one quickly realizes that there is no standard approach after all.1 Yes, the approach is somewhat “standard” when one considers tertiary care neurology centers (comprehensive epilepsy centers) around the world, but after that, all bets are off. The varying standards around the world toward assessment and management of first unprovoked seizure in an adult underscore the importance of developing and reinforcing the minimum standards that need to be met when evaluating such a patient. All patients warrant an evaluation by a physician, preferably one skilled in neurosciences, a routine awake and sleep EEG (20–40 minute study), and a CT scan. This is the message that needs to go out from organizations such as the World Federation of Neurology, the American Academy of Neurology, and the International League Against Epilepsy to the governments of these diverse countries.
Transformation Kinetics in Uranium-Chromium Alloys

The kinetics of isothermal transformation of β-to-α uranium have been studied over a broad temperature range in alloys containing from 0.3 to 4.0 atomic pct Cr. Two modes of transformation are indicated by the existence of two C-curves in the TTT diagram. The upper temperature mode is regarded as a nucleation and growth mechanism, whose rate is controlled by diffusion of chromium in the β phase matrix. The lower temperature mode is martensitic in nature. The Ms temperature increases with decreasing chromium content, suggesting that the two transformation processes become synonymous in unalloyed uranium.
Concerted Electron–Proton Transfer (EPT) in the Oxidation of Cysteine

Cysteine is the most acidic of the three common redox active amino acids with pKa = 8.2 for the thiol compared to pKa = 10.1 for the phenol in tyrosine and pKa ≈ 16 for the indole proton in tryptophan. Stopped-flow and electrochemical measurements have been used to explore the role of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and concerted electron–proton transfer (EPT) in the oxidations of L-cysteine and N-acetyl-cysteine by the polypyridyl oxidants M(bpy)33+ (M = Fe, Ru, Os) and Ru(dmb)33+ (bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine, and dmb is 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine). Oxidation is rate limited by initial 1e– electron transfer to M(bpy)33+, with added proton acceptor bases, by multiple pathways whose relative importance depends on reaction conditions. The results of these studies document important roles for acetate (AcO–) and phosphate (HPO42–) as proton acceptor bases in concerted electron–proton transfer (EPT) pathways in the oxidation of L-cysteine and N-acetyl-cysteine with good agreement between rate constant da...
A SUPPOSED MIGRATION OF PIERIDÆ WITNESSED IN VENEZUELA IN THE SUMMER OF 1901

The erratic migrations of certain insects, often in countless swarms, have been noticed and put on record by many observers. In a country where, perhaps, they are scarce, or, it may be, almost wanting ordinarily, they may suddenly put in an appearance in such numbers as to defy all attempts at computation; or immense swarms of them may sometimes be seen far out at sea, flying steadily in a direction which may take them out so far as to effectually prevent any return.
Influence of Physical Parameters of Air on Power Plant Air Flow Measurement

Studied was the influence of temperature,pressure and relative humidity on the air flow measurement in a power plant.For the air and flue gas system of a 300 MW boiler in a power plant in Yunnan Province,the temperature and pressure correction coefficient at various measuring points as well as the maximum deviation value of air flow rate at the inlet caused by the non-uniform mixing of cold and hot air were calculated and the possible deviation of cold and hot air flow measurements caused by refraining from introducing a relative humidity correction coefficient,analyzed.It has been found that an accurate measurement of the air flow rate demands a rational introduction of temperature,pressure and relative humidity correction coefficient.When the air temperature is not higher than 50 ℃,the non-introduction of a relative humidity correction coefficient will result in a deviation of 0～3% in the air measurement of the Yunnan Province power plant.