cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nature of the anodic tellurate wave at the dropping mercury electrode

Abstract Tellurate solutions at the dropping mercury electrode show an adsorption type anodic wave in the vicinity of zero volts vs. S.C.E. The presence of this anodic wave is attributed to depolarization of mercury electrode and the formation of an insoluble mercurous tellurate film given by the reaction 2 Hg° + H 6 TeO 6 → Hg 2 H 4 TeO 6 + 2H + + 2e. Under similar conditions an anodic wave is not observed with tellurite, selenate, selenite and arsenate.
The QCD string spectrum and conformal field theory

The low energy excitation spectrum of the critical Wilson surface is discussed between the roughening transition and the continuum limit of lattice QCD. The fine structure of the spectrum is interpreted within the framework of two-dimensional conformal field theory.
Blood parameters and facilitation of maternal-fetal oxygen transfer in a viviparous fish (Embiotoca lateralis)

Abstract 1. 1. Relative oxygen carrying capacities, hematocrits and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (MCHC) were determined for blood of fetal, neonatal and adult seaperch, Embiotoca lateralis. 2. 2. There is no significant difference in relative oxygen carrying capacities among the developmental stages examined. However, hematocrit was higher and MCHC was lower in the fetal fish. 3. 3. Erythrocytes of mid-gestation fetal fish are about 1.7 times larger by volume than those of adult fish although the sizes of nuclei are indistinguishable. 4. 4. It is proposed that maternal-fetal MCHC differences may be involved in facilitating fetal oxygen uptake in E. lateralis.
Observation of Raman scattering in glass integrated waveguides: a route towards supercontinuum generation

The development of pulsed lasers allows increasing the power density into integrated waveguides to a level compatible with the generation of nonlinear phenomena, opening the route to the realization of integrated supercontinuum sources. In this paper, we investigate the spectral broadening of a laser pulse through Raman scattering processes in normal dispersion regime with nanosecond pumping. The obtained experimental results are compared to an experimental model based on a single fiber with the same confinement and perspectives in terms of integrated broadband sources are presented.
Sex Selectivity of Mouse Ultrasonic Songs

In many species, reproduction requires detecting, recognizing, and courting a potential mate. Progress through these stages is guided by cues involving a wide range of sensory systems. Here we explore the tasks of detection, recognition, and response in terms of the ultrasonic songs of male mice presented with odor cues contained in urine. We find that the quantity of singing, more so than specific features of the songs, varies depending upon the odor cue. For experienced male mice, responses to female odor cues depend only on the concentration of female cues and are independent of the presence of male cues. However, for naive mice, male cues appear to be synergistic for the response to female cues. We therefore find no direct behavioral evidence for a role of opponent neural processing, such as lateral inhibition, in distinguishing sex by olfactory cues. However, modeling demonstrates that lateral inhibition could be one possible mechanism to account for the switch from synergy to independence.
Do humans optimally integrate stereo and texture information for judgments of surface slant

An optimal linear system for integrating visual cues to 3D surface geometry weights cues in inverse proportion to their uncertainty. The problem of integrating texture and stereo information for judgments of planar surface slant provides a strong test of optimality in human perception. Since the accuracy of slant from texture judgments changes by an order of magnitude from low to high slants, optimality predicts corresponding changes in cue weights as a function of surface slant. Furthermore, since humans show significant individual differences in their abilities to use both texture and stereo information for judgments of 3D surface geometry, the problem admits the stronger test that individual differences in subjects thresholds for discriminating slant from the individual cues should predict individual differences in cue weights. We tested both predictions by measuring slant discrimination thresholds and stereo/texture cue weights as a function of surface slant for multiple subjects. The results bear out both predictions of optimality, with the exception of an apparent slight under-weighting of texture information. This may be accounted for by factors specific to the stimuli used to isolate stereo information in the experiments. Taken together, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that humans optimally combine the two cues to surface slant, with cue weights proportional to the subjective reliability of the cues. � 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
An Evaluation of Machine-Learning Methods for Predicting Pneumonia Mortality

This paper describes the application of eight statistical and machine-learning methods to derive computer models for predicting mortality of hospital patients with pneumonia from their findings at initial presentation. The eight models were each constructed based on 9847 patient cases and they were each evaluated on 4352 additional cases. The primary evaluation metric was the error in predicted survival as a function of the fraction of patients predicted to survive. This metric is useful in assessing a model's potential to assist a clinician in deciding whether to treat a given patient in the hospital or at home. We examined the error rates of the models when predicting that a given fraction of patients will survive. We examined survival fractions between 0.1 and 0.6. Over this range, each model's predictive error rate was within 1% of the error rate of every other model. When predicting that approximately 30% of the patients will survive, all the models have an error rate of less than 1.5%. The models are distinguished more by the number of variables and parameters that they contain than by their error rates; these differences suggest which models may be the most amenable to future implementation as paper-based guidelines.
Contraception and the advances in family planning.

Contraception was founded in January 1970 and has developed into a wildly successful journal that includes commentaries and reviews that place scientific advances in the field of reproductive and family health into their clinical social political and historical contexts. In countries with low fertility and low maternal mortality safety is the issue that often dominates discussion of contraception and Contraception is the major home for research that evaluates the risks and benefits of contraceptive methods. The journal disseminates and preserves knowledge for the direct benefit of researchers educators and clinicians in family planning and for the consequent benefit to the reproductive health of men and women around the world. The article acknowledges with gratitude the attention is has received from many people who have enabled Contraception to continue serving the investigators clinicians and educators who work together to advance reproductive health. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Instruction-driven clock scheduling with glitch mitigation

Instruction-driven clock scheduling is a mechanism that minimizes clock power in deeply-pipelined datapaths. Analysis of realistic processor workloads shows a preponderance of bubbles persist through pipelines like the floating point unit. Clock scheduling ostensibly adapts pipeline depth with respect to bubbles in the instruction stream without performance loss. Unfortunately, shallower pipelines (i.e. longer pipe stages) are prone to larger amounts of glitches propagating through logic, increasing dynamic power. Experimentally measured results from a 130 nm FPU test chip with flexible clocking capabilities show a super-linear increase in glitch-induced dynamic power for shallower pipelines. While higher glitch power can severely diminish the power savings offered by clock scheduling, judicious clocking of intermediate stages offers glitch mitigation to recover power savings for worst-case scenarios. Detailed analysis of clock scheduling applied to a FPU in a POWER4-like processor running realistic workloads shows an average net power savings of 15% compared to an aggressively clock-gated design.
DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS OF RECENT RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT ON THE MORPHODYNAMICS OF A MEANDERING CHANNEL: SAVERY CREEK, WYOMING, USA

Recent reservoir construction on Savery Creek provided an opportunity to examine the downstream effects of a dam on a small, meandering channel. The new dam, completed in 2005, modified the flow regime by reducing the magnitude of spring peaks and increasing baseflows, including a second period of high discharge in the fall. A time series of remotely sensed data spanning 1980–2011 was used to measure lateral migration rates, quantify areas of erosion and deposition, and map spatial patterns of channel change. Both migration rates, and gross erosion and deposition increased during the post-dam era, although 2 years of exceptionally large snowmelt runoff also occurred during this time. Net sediment flux inferred from the image time series was negative for both the upper and lower reaches for the first photo pair after the dam's completion but became positive for the most recent photos. Detailed topographic surveys of five individual meander bends were used to produce digital elevation models of difference and infer bed material transport rates. For three sites located in the upper reach, downstream increases in transport rate implied a sediment deficit satisfied through channel incision and/or bank erosion. For two sites in the lower reach where sediment supply was greater, larger values of gross erosion were balanced by enhanced deposition and transport rates stabilized or increased along each bend. Together, these results suggest that Savery Creek has entered a period of adjustment as the channel adapts to altered, dam-regulated supplies of water and sediment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clindamycin concentrations in the central nervous system of primates before and after head trauma

✓ The authors measured levels of clindamycin, a drug well established as useful in the treatment of various soft-tissue and parenchymal bacterial infections, in serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue of 14 rhesus monkeys. Penetration into brain tissue was erratic and concentrations detected were not significant. Cerebrospinal fluid levels, however, averaged 20.5% of paired serum concentrations and were higher than concentrations needed to inhibit most Gram-positive bacteria. Further studies in humans are indicated before this antibiotic may be used routinely.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone for the treatment of disruptive behaviors in children with subaverage intelligence

OBJECTIVE: The short-term efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of disruptive behaviors was examined in a well-characterized cohort of children with subaverage intelligence. METHOD: In this 6-week, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study of 118 children (aged 5–12 years) with severely disruptive behaviors and subaverage intelligence (IQ between 36 and 84, inclusive), the subjects received 0.02–0.06 mg/kg per day of risperidone oral solution or placebo. The a priori primary efficacy measure was the change in score from baseline to endpoint on the conduct problem subscale of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form. RESULTS: The risperidone group showed significantly greater improvement than did the placebo group on the conduct problem subscale of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form from week 1 through endpoint (change in score of –15.2 and –6.2, respectively). Risperidone was also associated with significantly greater improvement than placebo on all other Nisonger Child Behavior Ra...
Checkbook Democrats and Their Copartisans Campaign Contributors and California Political Leaders, 1964-1976

This study tests the notion that those who contribute substantial sums of money to their party and its candidates are distinctive in ways above and beyond the extent of their largess when compared ...
Abnormal Norepinephrine Clearance and Adrenergic Receptor Sensitivity in Idiopathic Orthostatic Intolerance

Background—Chronic orthostatic intolerance (OI) is characterized by symptoms of inadequate cerebral perfusion with standing, in the absence of significant orthostatic hypotension. A heart rate incr...
Signaling Through PI3K/Akt Mediates Stretch and PDGF-BB-Dependent DNA Synthesis in Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells

ABSTARCTPurpose: Smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the bladder undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia following exposure to sustained mechanical overload. Although superficial similarities in the response of the heart and bladder to hypertrophic stimuli suggest that similar molecular mechanisms may be involved, this remains to be demonstrated. In this study we compared signal transduction pathway activation in primary culture bladder SMC and cardiac myofibroblasts in response to cyclic stretch. The effects of growth factor stimulation on pathway activation in bladder SMC were also investigated.Materials and Methods: Primary culture rodent bladder SMC or cardiac myofibroblasts were subjected to cyclic stretch-relaxation in the absence or presence of pharmacologic inhibitors of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase, (PI3K)/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-mitogen activated protein kinase (Erk-MAPK) or the p38 stress-activated protein kinase-2 (SAPK2) pathways. In parallel experiments human bladder SMC were treate...
Divine Passibility in Light of Two Pictures of Intercession

The New Testament's two pictures of divine intercession, that of the risen Christ interceding at the right hand of God (Rom 8:34; Heb 7:25) and that of the Holy Spirit interceding from within believers’ hearts (Rom 8:26–7), offer additional perspective on the difficult issue of how God comes in touch with human suffering. Romans 8:26–7 connects the Spirit's intercession with the experience of human suffering, and through its reference to groaning implies that the Spirit communicates something of the believer's felt experience of weakness to God. Hebrews links Christ's high priestly work, including his intercessory activity, with his experience of struggle, thereby implying that he brings the needs of weak and pressured believers to God with an empathy born of direct experience of suffering. These scriptural pictures open a fruitful path for theological reflection, suggesting that God comes to know human suffering not simply by unmediated divine knowledge, or even by the bare fact of the divine Son's incarnation, but also in a mediated fashion, through complementary actions of Christ and the Spirit best described as acts of intercession.Applying a model of thought which emphasises the intercessory activities of Christ and the Spirit to the problem of divine passibility has a number of advantages. First, it coheres well with New Testament patterns for describing the roles of Father, Son and Holy Spirit: Christ's intercession is rooted in his incarnation and distinctive redemptive mission, while the Spirit's intercession emerges from his redemptive indwelling. Second, its picture of God knowing human suffering through the mediated process of intercession suggests that God maintains his freedom and holiness even as he gets in touch with human suffering. Third, the intercession model may shed additional light on how the sufferings of the incarnate Son touch or otherwise relate to the Father. Fourth, the Bible's pictures of divine intercession suggest that God is brought in touch with two dimensions of human suffering: the objective reality of human affliction (mediated through Christ's intercession) and the subjective experiences of afflicted people (mediated through the Spirit's intercession). Finally, these scriptural pictures of intercession orient our thoughts about the question of passibility in a pastoral direction.
Competition in long-distance and telecommunications equipment markets: Effects of the MFJ

The Modification of Final Judgement (MJF) is now 10 years old. The MFJ was a historic change in US antitrust policy and in telecommunications policy. Pre-divestiture AT&T was divided into a single company, AT&T, which was allowed to compete in long-distance markets, telecommunications equipment markets and (with some delay) information service markets. Seven regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs) were permitted to provide local service and nearby long-distance service. However, the BOCs were not permitted to enter the three markets reserved for AT&T. In 1991 the Information Services restriction was eliminated for the BOCs. However, the ban on provision of (interLATA) long distance and equipment remains. The policy experiment was quite interesting since no other nation has followed the USA, despite numerous other countries ending the formerly monopoly status of their telecommunications provider. In this paper I evaluate how competitive the remaining markets reserved for AT&T, and from which the BOCS are banned, have become. I conclude that (interLATA) long-distance market for residential and small business users, by far the largest fraction of users of long distance is currently uncompetitive. AT&Ts prices are constrained by FCC regulation, not by competition. AT&T has market power and is exercising market power. For equipment markets, I find a good deal more competition. However, I conclude that the BOCs could not impede competition in long distance and that removal of the MFJ restrictions would be pro-competitive. Thus, I conclude that removal of the MFJ estrictions on the BOCs would be pro-competitive, would increase economic efficiency, and would improve consumer welfare.
Event Detection Time for Mobile Sensor Networks Using First Passage Processes

A new technique based on first passage processes is presented as a means for calculating the detection time of an event by wireless mobile sensors located in Rd, d = 1,2 and 3. Our proposed method is valid for any type of mobility model, and is amenable to a variety of extensions. We consider heterogenous networks in which sensor platforms have different mobility patterns. The second extension considers unreliable sensors with randomly distributed operational lifetimes. The second generalization is of paramount importance if the network is deployed in a hostile environment. Our main results are illustrated for random linear motion and Brownian motion. An approach for applying our theorems when sensors move according to a time- homogenous Markov process is also considered.
Extremal Kähler metrics

In this section, we introduce the Calabi functional on the space of Kahler metrics. We will start with a simple lemma.
A comparison of cohabiting relationships among older and younger adults

This study explores how cohabitation differs for older and younger adults, drawing on data from 966 cohabitors in each of the first 2 waves of the National Survey of Families and Households. Older cohabitors report significantly higher levels of relationship quality and stability than younger cohabitors, although they are less likely to have plans to marry their partners. Few differences were found in the reasons to cohabit, although assessing compatibility is a more important reason for younger cohabitors. Findings suggest that older cohabitors are more likely to view their relationship as an alternative to marriage, whereas younger cohabitors are more likely to view their relationship as a prelude to it.
Abstract 131: Interrater Reliability of the ABCD2 Score

Background: The ABCD2 score is increasingly used for risk stratification of TIA patients, but little is known about the interrater reliability of the score. Methods: Patients presenting to the emer...
What disruption, whose status quo? Non-Native narratives of victimization surrounding a First Nations' land reclamation

ABSTRACTThis paper examines some of the non-Native narratives of disruption that were constructed in opposition to a 2006 Haudenosaunee land reclamation in order to discern what these narratives can tell us about the future obstacles Canadians and their government will need to overcome if true reconciliation with First Nations is to be achieved. Some of these obstacles include Western conceptions of linear progress that continue to justify the ongoing dispossession of First Nations peoples from their territories and their treaty, Aboriginal, constitutional and human rights. Other obstacles include non-Native future expected profits from this dispossession, non-Native attachment to settler colonial lifestyles based on both of the former, and –closely related to Western conceptions of linear progress – the ongoing attempts to impose Canadian monoculture on First Nations peoples. The paper concludes with a brief suggestion that Western/Canadian monoculture is, in many ways, harmful to non-Native Canadians as...
Abstract BSF1-1: Single Cell Analysis of Normal and Tumor Breast Epithelium Reveals Differential Use of Signalling Pathways by Novel Populations

Primary human tissue contains a complex mixture of cell types which can only be partially purified by cell sorting based on surface markers. To gain further insight into mammary gland and tumor biology, we performed highly parallel single cell multiplexed gene expression measurements on individual normal and malignant mammary cells. This approach enabled discovery of novel normal mammary stem cell markers and gave insights into normal and malignant tissue architecture. We identified two distinct normal mammary stem cell populations: a proliferating, stem cell population that expresses basal cell markers and shows evidence of activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway components and a second, Axin2-, CD44-/low quiescent normal stem cell population which does not express basal cell markers. Both populations had similar engraftment ability in vivo, demonstrating that there are likely two physiological stem cell states. Single cell analysis of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumors revealed similar cellular populations in cancer cells that resemble the normal mammary duct architecture. Remarkably, the expression of therapeutic targets such as growth factor receptors and the estrogen receptor differed between the different cell compartments. Most notably, the Axin2- cell population did not express ER or TOPO2, the target of Adriamycin, one of the most effective drugs for the treatment of breast cancer, suggesting that this population is not directly targeted by many therapeutic agents routinely used for the treatment of ER+ breast cancer. Our results show that single cell analyses might be useful for developing new strategies for treating cancer by identifying the expression of therapeutic targets by each of the cancer cell populations that make up a particular tumor. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr BSF1-1.
Genung's Theory of Persuasion: A Literary Theory of Oratory of Late Nineteenth-Century America

Abstract John Genung's late nineteenth century rhetoric textbooks, although founded on an eighteenth century model of Scottish composition, present an original conception of oratory. Genung's theory breaks free of the classical models and lays out the path to be followed during the development of speech studies among American rhetoricians of the early twentieth century.
Telehealth Parent Training in the Early Start Denver Model Results From a Randomized Controlled Study

Telehealth training may benefit parents’ use of early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study is one of the few randomized trials to compare telehealth parent training in the Early Start Denver Model (P-ESDM) with a community treatment-as-usual, early intervention program. Parents were randomized to 12 weekly 1.5-hr videoconferencing sessions with website access to P-ESDM learning resources or to monthly 1.5-hr videoconferencing sessions with website access to alternative resources to support their intervention. Telehealth training facilitated higher parent fidelity gains and program satisfaction for more of the P-ESDM than the community group at the end of the 12-week training and at follow-up. Children’s social communication skills improved for both groups regardless of parent fidelity. Findings suggest the feasibility of telehealth training with improved parent intervention usage and satisfaction from the program. However, the impact of these effects on children’s deve...
Information Science and Information Systems: Converging or Diverging?

Recent studies have claimed a disconnect between the disciplines of information science and information systems even though, prima facie, there seems to be considerable overlap or potential overlap in their respective subject matter. The present study will target representative journals in the areas of information science and information systems and examine in more detail the overlap or lack of overlap between the two fields as reflected in the co-word analysis of the titles and abstracts of these journal articles. That the subject matters of the two fields can be combined in a discipline will be shown by a similar analysis of a third field, medical informatics, a new discipline in it its own right and a seeming subject matter hybrid of information science and information systems.
A Pedagogic Demonstration of Attenuation of Correlation Due to Measurement Error

Measurement error is an inescapable reality in most domains of research. Incidental variation in experimental setting, participant motivation and mood are among the multitude of factors that introduce error into measurement. I created a pedagogic spreadsheet that demonstrates the attenuation of correlation resulting from measurement error. The spreadsheet allows students to explore the sensitivity of the Spearman correction for attenuation of correlation to violation of assumptions. The spreadsheet demonstrates that the Spearman correction may not be advisable under certain circumstances. Some students conflate measurement error with sampling error. To clarify this misunderstanding, the spreadsheet uses a Monte Carlo simulation to demonstrate the difference between sampling error and measurement error and how they interact in practice.
Management of Livestock Wastes for Water Resource Protection

Livestock waste management has recently become a topic of interest. Due to the increasing desire in transforming waste products into profit, it is necessary to have clear knowledge and understanding of how to handle livestock waste. This livestock waste management chapter provides insight on some treatment methods that have become popular within physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods and the design techniques to incorporate many of these methods. Finally, an introduction to some of the more modern techniques in harnessing energy from agriculture waste and its potential profits has been included. Having consulted technical papers from university extensions across such as the University of Missouri, Utah State University, North Carolina State, and materials published by the US Department of Agriculture and the US Environmental Protection Agency, this particular resource produces sections that are valuable for both the novice and also experienced within agricultural engineering.
Improvements of film cooling effectiveness by using Barchan dune shaped ramps

Abstract In the present study, an experimental investigation was conducted to explore a novel film cooling design with Barchan-dune-shaped-ramp (BDSR) concept to augment the effectiveness of film cooling injection from discrete holes. Inspired by the unique shape of Barchan dunes commonly seen in deserts to prevent sand particles on the ground from being blown away by the oncoming airflow, the BDSR concept was proposed to enable the coolant streams exhausted from coolant injection holes to stay more firmly on the surface of interest for improved film cooling performance. During the experiments, while coolant streams were injected from discrete circular holes on a flat test plate at an injection angle of 35°, a row of BDSRs were mounted on the test plate at either downstream or upstream of the coolant injection holes for improved film cooling effectiveness. While a high-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was used to conduct detailed flow field measurements to quantify the dynamic mixing process between the coolant jet streams and the mainstream flows over the test plate, a Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique was used to map the corresponding adiabatic film cooling effectiveness on the surface of interest based on a mass-flux analog to traditional temperature-based cooling effectiveness measurements. The cooling effectiveness data of the BDSR design were compared quantitatively against those of a conventional film cooling design without BDSR (i.e., baseline case) under the same test conditions in order to evaluate the effects of the BDSRs on the film cooling effectiveness over the surface of interest. The effects of the locations and height of the BDSRs in relation to the coolant injection holes on the film cooling effectiveness at different blowing ratios (i.e., the coolant-to-mainstream mass flux ratios) were examined quantitatively based on the PIV and PSP measurements. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the measured film cooling effectiveness distributions to elucidate the underlying physics in order to explore/optimize design paradigms for better film cooling protection of turbine blades from harsh environments.
“If You Talk Badly about Drilling, You're a Pariah”: Challenging a Capitalist Patriarchy in Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale Region

Research on energy development is largely gender neutral, creating a need to illuminate how gender structures life in contemporary energy boomtowns. This study demonstrates how gender and the local economy are intertwined to perpetuate a capitalist patriarchy, which structures life for residents in these communities. The purpose of this article is to show that this economic-gender structure creates tensions between those men and women whose gender performances reinforce hegemony and those who perform gender in direct opposition to resource extraction. I argue that men and women unconstrained by the capitalist patriarchy are better able to challenge its dominance than residents employed in the local economy. I use qualitative interviews (N = 39) with community residents and observations of community events in northeastern Pennsylvania's Marcellus Shale region as the primary methods of data collection. This study complements previous research by demonstrating the relationship between masculinity and femininity, showing the variability of gender in natural-resource-based settings and defining the hierarchal relationship among masculinities and femininities during periods of rapid energy development.
Reconfigurable optical wireless applications in data centers

Data centers (DCs) are a critical piece of today's networked applications in both private and public sectors. The key factors that have driven this trend are economies of scale, reduced management costs, better utilization of hardware via statistical multiplexing, and the ability to elastically scale applications in response to changing workload patterns. A robust datacenter network fabric is fundamental to the success of DCs and to ensure that the network does not become a bottleneck for high-performance applications. In this context, DC network design must satisfy several goals: high performance (e.g., high throughput and low latency), low equipment and management cost, robustness to dynamic traffic patterns, incremental expandability to add new servers or racks, and other practical concerns such as cabling complexity, and power and cooling costs. Current DC network architectures do not seem to provide a satisfactory solution, with respect to the above requirements. In particular, traditional static (wired) networks are either: (i) overprovisioned to account for worst-case traffic patterns, and thus incur high cost (e.g., fat-trees or Clos), or (ii)oversubscribed (e.g., simple trees or leaf-spine architectures) which incur low cost but offer poor performance due to congested links. Recent works have tried to overcome the above limitations by augmenting a static (wired) “core” with some flexible links (RF-wireless or optical). These augmented architectures show promise, but offer only incremental improvement in performance. Specifically, RF-wireless based augmented solutions also offer only limited performance improvement, due to inherent interference and range constraints of RF links. Optical solutions offer high-bandwidth links and low latency, but have limited scalability, offer only limited flexibility (e.g., bipartitematchings between the racks), and have a single point of failure. Furthermore, all the above architectures incur high cabling cost and complexity.
Effects of Flow Regime on Metal Concentrations and the Attainment of Water Quality Standards in a Remediated Stream Reach, Butte, Montana.

Low-flow synoptic sampling campaigns are often used as the primary tool to characterize watersheds affected by mining. Although such campaigns are an invaluable part of site characterization, investigations which focus solely on low-flow conditions may yield misleading results. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate this point and elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the release of metals during rainfall runoff. This objective is addressed using data from diel and synoptic sampling campaigns conducted over a two-day period. Low-flow synoptic sampling results indicate that concentrations of most constituents meet aquatic standards. This finding is in contrast to findings from a diel sampling campaign that captured dramatic increases in concentrations during rainfall runoff. Concentrations during the rising limb of the hydrograph were 2–23 times concentrations observed during synoptic sampling (most increases were >10-fold), remaining elevated during the receding limb of the hydrograph to produce...
Clinical and Cost Impact Analysis of a Novel Prognostic Test for Early Detection of Preterm Birth

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact to the U.S. health care system by adopting a novel test that identifies women at risk for spontaneous preterm birth. Methods A decision-analytic model was developed to assess clinical and cost outcomes over a 1-year period. The use of a prognostic test to predict spontaneous preterm birth in a hypothetical population of women reflective of the U.S. population (predictive arm) was compared with the current baseline rate of spontaneous preterm birth and associated infant morbidity and mortality (baseline care arm). Results In a population of 3,528,593 births, our model predicts a 23.5% reduction in infant mortality (8,300 vs. 6,343 deaths) with use of the novel test. The rate of acute conditions at birth decreased from 11.2 to 8.1%; similarly, the rate of developmental disabilities decreased from 13.2 to 11.5%. The rate of spontaneous preterm birth decreased from 9.8 to 9.1%, a reduction of 23,430 preterm births. Direct medical costs savings was $511.7M (− 2.1%) in the first year of life. Discussion The use of a prognostic test for reducing spontaneous preterm birth is a dominant strategy that could reduce costs and improve outcomes. More research is needed once such a test is available to determine if these results are borne out upon real-world use.
Evaluation of blasting media suitability for removal of common electronics potting compounds

Various readily available powdered materials were examined in order to determine their usefulness for removal of common electrical potting materials via microabrasive media blasting. Each blasting media was tested against five different potting materials, and was additionally characterized in terms of mechanical and triboelectric properties. Additional work has been cited that lends credence to the empirical observations found herein. In summary, of the materials tested, only baker's sugar appears to be a suitable candidate for removal of the tested potting materials on sensitive electrical printed circuit board assemblies.
Dss1 Regulates Association of Brh2 with Rad51

Brh2, the BRCA2 ortholog in the fungus Ustilago maydis, mediates delivery of Rad51 to DNA during the course of homology-directed DNA repair. Rad51 interacts with Brh2 through the highly conserved BRC element and through a second region termed CRE located at the extreme carboxy terminus. Dss1, a small intrinsically unstructured protein that interacts with Brh2, is crucial for its activity in DNA repair, but the mechanism of this regulation is uncertain. In previous studies, we found that interaction of Brh2 with DNA was strongly modulated by association with Dss1. Here we report that CRE influences interaction of Dss1 with Brh2 and that Dss1 status markedly alters interaction of Brh2 with Rad51. While it appears that a single Rad51 protomer associates with Brh2 in complex with Dss1, loss of Dss1 is accompanied by a large increase in the number of Rad51 protomers that can associate with Brh2. Concomitant with this buildup of Rad51, Brh2 loses its ability to bind DNA. These observations suggest a feedback ci...
Isolated lower extremity vasculitis leading to progressive critical limb ischemia

Giant cell arteritis is a large- and medium-vessel vasculitis that has been described as a systemic disease process with disseminated vessel involvement. Advances in vascular imaging techniques have demonstrated that involvement of the large vessels of the upper and lower limbs may be more prevalent than was once thought, although the clinical implications of this are unknown. Isolated lower extremity claudication without systemic or classic cranial symptoms, especially as a primary manifestation of giant cell arteritis, is rare. We present the case of a patient with isolated bilateral limb claudication that rapidly progressed to critical limb ischemia requiring urgent surgical intervention after steroid therapy. Our patient has consented to the publication of this report.
Scaling-up self-control: A macro-level investigation of self-control at the county level

Abstract Purpose Extensive prior research has documented the relationship between self-control and deviance, albeit almost exclusively at the individual level. In fact, only two recent examinations of self-control and adverse outcomes (including deviance) exist at the macro-level. Methods In order to extend prior research, this study relies on data from all counties in the state of Texas with a population of over 10,000 residents to provide a county-level analysis of the ability of macro-level self-control to predict three outcomes: violent crime, property crime, and unemployment rates. Results Exploratory factor analyses supported the existence of two macro-level dimensions of self-control, e.g., initiatory and inhibitory self-control. Subsequent correlational and predictive regression analyses provided evidence of the linkages between these macro-level indicators of self-control and a number of adverse outcomes. Conclusions The findings highlight the importance of continued inquiry into macro-level indicators of self-control and the role of macro-level manifestations of self-control in policy and prevention initiatives to promote crime prevention and prevent adult adjustment problems such as unemployment.
How to Solve the Trade Problem: The Generalized Buffett Countertrade Plan*

This article outlines a countertrade plan that would give countries another tool to control trade imbalances. It is a generalization of a plan put forward by Warren Buffett. It involves creating a new market in Countertrade Certificates in which exporters and importers would be required to offset the effect of their trade on the trade balance by buying an offsetting Countertrade Certificate. The price of these Certificates would depend on the degree of trade imbalance in their absence.
Motion-Robust Spatially Constrained Parameter Estimation in Renal Diffusion-Weighted MRI by 3D Motion Tracking and Correction of Sequential Slices

In this work, we introduce a novel motion-robust spatially constrained parameter estimation (MOSCOPE) technique for kidney diffusion-weighted MRI. The proposed motion compensation technique does not require a navigator, trigger, or breath-hold but only uses the intrinsic features of the acquired data to track and compensate for motion to reconstruct precise models of the renal diffusion signal. We have developed a technique for physiological motion tracking based on robust state estimation and sequential registration of diffusion sensitized slices acquired within 200 ms. This allows a sampling rate of 5 Hz for state estimation in motion tracking that is sufficiently faster than both respiratory and cardiac motion rates in children and adults, which range between 0.8 to 0.2 Hz, and 2.5 to 1 Hz, respectively. We then apply the estimated motion parameters to data from each slice and use motion-compensated data for (1) robust intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model estimation in the kidney using a spatially constrained model fitting approach, and (2) robust weighted least squares estimation of the diffusion tensor model. Experimental results, including precision of IVIM model parameters using bootstrap-sampling and in-vivo whole kidney tractography, showed significant improvement in precision and accuracy of these models using the proposed method compared to models based on the original data and volumetric registration.
A minimum-time optimal recharging controller for high pressure gas storage systems

A minimum-time optimal recharging control strategy for high pressure gas storage tank systems is described in this work. The goal of the nonlinear model-based controller is to refill the tank in minimum time with a two-component gas mixture of specified composition subject to hard constraints on the component flow rates, tank temperature, and tank pressure. The nonlinearity in this system arises from the non-ideal behavior of the gas at high pressure. The singular minimum-time optimal control law can not be reliably implemented in the target application due to a lack of sensors. Minimum-time optimal control is therefore approximated by a nonlinear model-based constraint controller. In order to account for the uncertainty in the unmeasured state of the storage tank, the state sensitivities to the control and process measurements are propagated along with the state to obtain a state variance estimate. When the variance of the state exceeds a maximum threshold, the constraint control algorithm automatically degrades into a fail-safe operation.
SafeConfig'17: Applying the Scientific Method to Active Cyber Defense Research

The focus of this workshop is the application of scientific practices to cyber security research. The objective of this workshop is examine the implementation of science practices in cyber defense research and understand the ramification of tradeoffs between simplifications to obtain interpretable results vs. observational studies of systems in the wild where the results can lead to ambiguous interpretations. The research papers accepted addressed a wide variety of technical questions in the cyber domain and the maturity of the work spanned the range of initial ideas and proofs of concept to mature work that is ready for operational implementation. Papers were evaluated for the reproducibility of the work as represented by the documentation of methods and testing environments.
Cómo el impacto de la medicación sobre la teoría psicoanalítica y el tratamiento refuta a Blass y Carmeli (2015)

(2016). Como el impacto de la medicacion sobre la teoria psicoanalitica y el tratamiento refuta a Blass y Carmeli (2015) The International Journal of Psychoanalysis (en espanol): Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 1274-1276.
'She speaks poniards': Shakespearean Drama and the Italianate Leading Lady as Verbal Duellist

As studies of Castiglione's Libro del cortegiano and Stefano Guazzo's Civil' conversazione and their historical context have shown, one major objective of early modern “courtliness” and “civility” was to sublimate aggression and potentially hostile competition towards aesthetic ends. “Civil conversation” became almost synonymous with the civilizing process itself , as articulated in Castiglione's and other widely influential Italian “conduct books” which urged men and women to practice decorum and moderation even as they displayed their superior wit and classically-based learning. In contrast, for several Italianate female protagonists in Shakespeare's comedies, conversation or “chat” with men rejects courtly politeness and “sprezzatura,” promoting instead a mode of open confrontation. For example, Katherina of The Taming of the Shrew and Beatrice of Much Ado About Nothing engage in boisterous verbal duels with voluble, more or less blustering soldier/courtiers. In each case, an indecorous mixture of rhetorical registers—including the bawdy, the intellectual, the wittily and often aggressively punning/equivocal—marks the women's language. My paper argues that this “theatergram” (Clubb), of male-female verbal duelling derives from the “amorosi contrasti” (amorous debates) practiced by Isabella Andreini and other leading sixteenth-seventeenth century Italian actresses, which themselves ironically evoke the culture of actual sword duels between men to challenge that of the courtly “civil conversation.” Among several key questions, I pose the following one: to what extent and in what precise ways do the Italian actress-like qualities of these “shrewd”, “curst,” and/or “froward” Shakespearean leading ladies complicate and perhaps validate their outspoken mockeries of male authority and militaristic swagger?
MLA Personnel characteristics, 2016: Continuity, change, and concerns

The authors discuss results of the 2016 MLA Survey of Personnel Characteristics and compare them to previous studies. We distributed the questionnaire electronically via Qualtrics to 953 unique e-mail addresses of current or recent (since 2013) MLA members. In addition to asking many of the same questions from past surveys, we updated queries regarding scholarship, creative activities, and sexual and gender orientation, and posed new ones about library trends and professional organizations. The decline of public librarians as a proportion of the membership has remained consistent since the large shift experienced between 1997 and 2009. Results suggest a decline in German language familiarity, but more reading knowledge of other languages. Areas of progress include a larger proportion of ethnic and racial minorities. Causes for concern include diminishing budgets and worry that positions vacated due to retirements will remain unfilled.
Permutation Tests and Resampling Techniques

Recall that in significance testing we observe data and propose as a null hypothesis a statistical model that could have generated such data, lacking a treatment effect. We then calculate the probability of the observed data. If that probability is very low, we conclude that the null hypothesis is in adequate to describe how the data were generated. To calculate the probability, we consider a set of possible observations: The data we observed plus all possible patterns of data that would have been “more extreme” than these data.