cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of wave-induced fluctuations of wall temperature and convection heat transfer coefficient in the heating of a turbulent falling liquid film

Abstract This study examines the transient thermal response of a vertical electrically-heated wall during sensible heating of a turbulent wavy film. It is shown how the wall temperature can be decomposed into two components. The first is steady and accounts for the stream-wise increase in the wall and film temperatures, and the second is periodic and corresponds to temperature fluctuations due to the film waviness. By assuming periodicity in the wall temperature fluctuation in response to large film waves, the second component is solved numerically using liquid temperature data measured across the film to define the boundary condition at the wall-liquid interface. Results show that, during the period of a large wave, the wall temperature is fairly uniform but the convection heat transfer coefficient undergoes significant fluctuation. The fluctuation amplitude of the latter decreased with increasing film Reynolds number.
Microbial activity in response to water-filled pore space of variably eroded southern Piedmont soils

Abstract Potential C and N mineralization and soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) are soil biological properties important in understanding nutrient and organic matter dynamics. Knowledge of soil water content at a matric potential near field capacity is needed to determine these biological properties. The objective of this study was to examine whether adjustment of soil water content to a common level of water-filled pore space (WFPS) may be an acceptable alternative that would require little prior analysis in comparison with adjustment based on matric potential. Potential C and N mineralization and SMBC were determined from 15 variably eroded soils of the Madison–Cecil–Pacolet association (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) in response to WFPS. The levels of WFPS to achieve maximum activity and biomass under naturally settled conditions were unaffected by clay content and occurred at 0.42±0.03 m 3 m −3 for net N mineralization during 24 days of incubation, 0.51±0.22 m 3 m −3 for specific respiratory activity of SMBC, 0.60±0.07 m 3 m −3 for cumulative C mineralization during 24 d of incubation, and 0.76±0.27 m 3 m −3 for SMBC. Selecting a common WFPS level of 0.5 m 3 m −3 resulted in 96±2%, 97±5%, 97±4%, and 88±10% of the maximum for these four properties, respectively, and was a reasonable compromise when attempting to estimate these properties during simultaneous incubations. Adjusting soil water content based on WFPS was simpler and nearly as reliable as based on matric potential, in which soil water content at −33 kPa varied from 0.16 to 0.30 g g −1 .
Use of Herbal Medicine and Other Dietary Supplements in Community‐Dwelling Older People: Baseline Data from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study

OBJECTIVES: To analyze baseline data from the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory (GEM) study, in which information was collected on the use of all dietary supplements. DESIGN: Cross-sectional regression analysis. SETTING: GEM study sites in California, Maryland, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: The GEM study enrolled 3,072 ambulatory individuals aged 75 and older between September 2000 and June 2002. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported use of dietary supplements and use identified through bottles brought to the clinic. RESULTS: Respectively, 59.4%, 66.6%, and 27.4% of the GEM study cohort used a multivitamin, at least one individual vitamin or mineral supplement, and some type of nonvitamin/nonmineral dietary supplement (NVNMDS). In logistic regression models, multivitamin use was associated with female sex, a higher income, a higher modified Mini-Mental State Examination score, difficulty with mobility, and asthma history; use of any other vitamin or mineral was associated with female sex, white race, nonsmoking, more years of schooling, difficulty walking, a history of osteoporosis, and reading health and senior magazines; and NVNMDS use was associated with residing in California, having difficulties with muscle strength, and reading health and senior magazines. CONCLUSION: There were substantial differences between individuals who used vitamins and minerals and those who used NVNMDS. These data require that trial investigators pay close attention to participant use of off-protocol dietary supplements. In addition, these findings may help identify elderly individuals likely to combine NVNMDS and prescription drugs.
Day Care Facility Design: A Multimodal, Active Learning Process

ISSUE: Day care interior design is an emerging issue that deserves attention by both design educators and the design profession. Day care facility design offers an opportunity for bridging theory and practice in the classroom through focus on spatial implications of children's developmental needs. An active learning approach builds students' competence and confidence by requiring them to apply what they are learning. APPLICATION: A multimodal, active learning process is described that takes students from personal experience, through study and observation of theory and practice, to application and evaluation in a seven–week project on day care design. GOAL: Knowledge of day care design is acquired within a conceptual framework linking children's developmental needs with aspects of the physical environment. This method provides students with a theoretical foundation for critical analysis of a day care setting. DESCRIPTION: Classroom activities (lectures/discussion, small group interaction, guest speakers, a class field trip) are supported by a variety of students' assignments (readings, library research, oral reports, site observations) that lead to applied problem solving in a demonstrated product (case study) for evaluation. CONCLUSION: With expanded knowledge of day care facility design, based on understanding of children's developmental needs and critical thinking and problem-solving skills, interior design students will have an advantage in communicating with child care experts and, therefore, in promoting their design services in this important arena.
Comparison of doses received by the hippocampus in patients treated with single isocenter– vs multiple isocenter–based stereotactic radiation therapy to the brain for multiple brain metastases

To investigate the doses received by the hippocampus and normal brain tissue during a course of stereotactic radiation therapy using a single isocenter (SI)–based or multiple isocenter (MI)–based treatment planning in patients with less than 4 brain metastases. In total, 10 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating 2-3 brain metastases were included in this retrospective study, and 2 sets of stereotactic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans (SI vs MI) were generated. The hippocampus was contoured on SPGR sequences, and doses received by the hippocampus and the brain were calculated and compared between the 2 treatment techniques. A total of 23 lesions in 10 patients were evaluated. The median tumor volume, the right hippocampus volume, and the left hippocampus volume were 3.15, 3.24, and 2.63 mL, respectively. In comparing the 2 treatment plans, there was no difference in the planning target volume (PTV) coverage except in the tail for the dosevolume histogram (DVH) curve. The only statistically significant dosimetric parameter was the V 100 . All of the other measured dosimetric parameters including the V95 ,V 99, and D100 were not significantly different between the 2 treatment planning techniques. None of the dosimetric parameters evaluated for the hippocampus revealed any statistically significant difference between the MI and SI plans. The total brain doses were slightly higher in the SI plans, especially in the lower dose region, although this difference was not statistically different. The use of SI-based treatment plan resulted in a 35% reduction in beam-on time. The use of SI treatments for patients with up to 3 brain metastases produces similar PTV coverage and similar normal tissue doses to the hippocampus and the brain when compared with MI plans. SI treatment planning should be considered in patients with multiple brain metastases undergoing stereotactic treatment. & 2015 American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.
Disparity-Based 3D Face Modeling using 3D Deformable Facial Mask for 3D Face Recognition

We present an automatic disparity-based approach for 3D face modeling, from two frontal and one profile view stereo images, for 3D face recognition applications. Once the images are captured, the algorithm starts by extracting selected 2D facial features from one of the frontal views and computes a dense disparity map from the two frontal images. Using the extracted 2D features plus their corresponding disparities in the disparity map, we compute their 3D coordinates. We next align a low resolution 3D mesh model to the 3D features, re-project it's vertices on the frontal 2D image and adjust its profile line vertices using the profile view. We increase the resolutions of the resulting 2D model only at its center region to obtain a facial mask model covering distinctive features of the face. The computation of the 2D vertices coordinates with their disparities results in a deformed 3D model mask specific to a give subject's face. Application of the model in 3D face recognition validates the algorithm and shows a high recognition rate.
Long‐term effect of chronic intravenous and inhaled nephrotoxic antibiotic treatment on the renal function of patients with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients have numerous infectious exacerbations requiring prolonged antibiotic treatments, some of which are nephrotoxic. Inhaled antibiotics can reach detectable serum levels. We studied the impact of chronic nephrotoxic antibiotic exposure on kidney function in CF population. We collected data retrospectively for 113 adult CF patients followed for 8.5 years. Fifty-seven (50.4%) were males and 56 (49.5%) females (mean age 31.7 years [SD 9.9]), of which 31% had diabetes and 9.7% had hypertension. Over 8.5 years follow up, there were no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen (BUN; P = 0.92) or creatinine (P = 0.2) in the whole group. 22% of patients had ≥1 episodes of acute kidney injury (AKI). The presence of AKI was associated with increased BUN (P = 0.002) and creatinine (P = 0.056) at the end of follow up. Use of intravenous colistin, gentamicin, tobramycin, or vancomycin did not correlate with increased BUN (P = 0.64; P = 0.49; P = 0.51; P = 0.47) or creatinine (P = 0.43; P = 0.49; P = 0.17; P = 0.2) after 8.5 years. Elevated tobramycin peak and trough levels did not correlate with increased BUN or creatinine. Inhaled colistin and gentamicin correlated with increased BUN (P = 0.009; P = 0.02) but not creatinine (P = 0.45; P = 0.46). Inhaled tobramycin did not correlate with increased BUN (P = 0.17) or creatinine (P = 0.58). Only inhaled colistin correlated with AKI episodes (P = 0.03). Chronic inhaled colistin and gentamicin are associated with an increase in BUN but not creatinine at the end of follow up. Inhaled colistin was associated with episodes of AKI. Well-managed intravenous use of nephrotoxic antibiotics in CF population is associated with no major long-term renal toxicity.
McJobs and Pieces of Flair Linking McDonaldization to Alienating Work

This article offers strategies for teaching about rationality, bureaucracy, and social change using George Ritzer’s The McDonaldization of Society and its ideas about efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control. Student learning is facilitated using a series of strategies: making the familiar strange, explaining McDonaldization, self-investigation and discovery, and exploring and implementing alternatives. Through assignments, class exercises, and films, students contextualize modernity and its unintended negative consequences by viewing McDonaldization though the lenses of work and jobs. These strategies provide a framework to help students understand key concepts, critique McDonaldization, and formulate positive ways to cope with Weber’s iron cage.
Effect of dietary iron deficiency and overload on the expression of ZIP metal-ion transporters in rat liver

The mammalian ZIP (Zrt-, Irt-like Protein) family of transmembrane transport proteins consists of 14 members that share considerable homology. ZIP proteins have been shown to mediate the cellular uptake of the essential trace elements zinc, iron, and manganese. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary iron deficiency and overload on the expression of all 14 ZIP transporters in the liver, the main site of iron storage. Weanling male rats (n = 6/group) were fed iron-deficient (FeD), iron-adequate (FeA), or iron-overloaded (FeO) diets in two independent feeding studies. In study 1, diets were based on the TestDiet 5755 formulation and contained iron at 9 ppm (FeD), 215 ppm (FeA), and 27,974 ppm (3% FeO). In study 2, diets were based on the AIN-93G formulation and contained iron at 9 ppm Fe (FeD), 50 ppm Fe (FeA), or 18916 ppm (2% FeO). After 3 weeks, the FeD diets depleted liver non-heme iron stores and induced anemia, whereas FeO diets resulted in hepatic iron overload. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that ZIP5 mRNA levels were 3- and 8-fold higher in 2% FeO and 3% FeO livers, respectively, compared with FeA controls. In both studies, a consistent downregulation of ZIP6, ZIP7, and ZIP10 was also observed in FeO liver relative to FeA controls. Studies in H4IIE hepatoma cells further documented that iron loading affects the expression of these ZIP transporters. Overall, our data suggest that ZIP5, ZIP6, ZIP7, and ZIP10 are regulated by iron, indicating that they may play a role in hepatic iron/metal homeostasis during iron deficiency and overload.
Performance Assessment of a New Type of Membrane Bioreactor under Steady State and Transient Operating Conditions

Methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) is an additive to gasoline that serves as an oxygenate to increase the octane rating and improve combustion efficiency. Assessment of MTBE biodegradation under aerobic conditions was performed in lab-scale biomass concentrator reactors (BCRs). These reactors were bench-scale microcosms that retain and concentrate biomass thereby enabling biodegradation to sub-μg/L level. The BCRs were run under low hydraulic retention times with a synthetically prepared feed containing 500 μg/L of several oxygenates, MTBE, diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl-t-butyl ether (ETBE), t-amyl methyl ether (TAME), t-amyl alcohol (TAA), and the primary gasoline constituents benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and p-xylene (BTEX). The BCRs were effective in the removal of the aforementioned contaminants to concentrations lower than the targeted 5 μg/L, which is below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) taste and odor threshold of 20–40 μg/L. Reactor performance was also evaluated under shock load...
The curvature-constrained traveling salesman problem for high point densities

We consider algorithms for the curvature-constrained traveling salesman problem, when the nonholonomic constraint is described by Dubins' model. We indicate a proof of the NP-hardness of this problem. In the case of low point densities, i.e., when the Euclidean distances between the points are larger than the turning radius of the vehicle, various heuristics based on the Euclidean Traveling salesman problem are expected to perform well. In this paper we do not put a constraint on the minimum Euclidean distance. We show that any algorithm that computes a tour for the Dubins' vehicle following an ordering of points optimal for the Euclidean TSP cannot have an approximation ratio better than Omega(n), where n is the number of points. We then propose an algorithm that is not based on the Euclidean solution and seems to behave differently. For this algorithm, we obtain an approximation guarantee of O (min {(1+rho/epsiv)log n, (1+rho/epsiv)2), where rho is the minimum turning radius, and epsiv is the minimum Euclidean distance between any two points.
Juru at TREC 2006: TAAT versus DAAT in the Terabyte Track

Our experiments focused this year on the ad-hock task of the Terabyte track. We experimented with WAND, a document-ata-time evaluation algorithm we developed recently. Our results demonstrate the superiority of WAND over traditional term-atime strategy while searching over a large collection such as gov2. We demonstrate how Web expansion can be successfully applied to significantly improve search results. In addition, we describe several schemes for creating manual queries, following this year’s goal to enrich the pool of results by manual runs.
Remarkable increase in the diastereofacial selectivity of the addition of β-methyl α-(alkoxy)allylstannane to aldehydes: substituent effects on diastereofacial selectivity

Abstract Several new chiral allylstannanes were prepared and reacted with aldehydes. Excellent diastereofacial selectivity was observed for the reactions of allylstannane 1 with aldehydes in the presence of BF3·Et2O. This is in contrast to the results from other allylstannanes which do not bear a β-methyl group. These observations were rationalized based on a combination of steric and electronic effects.
Combined Passive and Active Soil Moisture Observations During Clasic

An important issue in advancing higher spatial resolution and better accuracy in soil moisture remote sensing is the integration of active and passive observations. In an effort to address these questions an airborne passive/active L-band system (PALS) was flown as part of CLASIC in Oklahoma over the Little Washita (rangeland and winter wheat) and Fort Cobb watersheds (irrigated agriculture and winter wheat). A total of 11 flight days were flown during the field campaign over each watershed. Extensive ground observations (soil moisture, soil temperature, vegetation) were made concurrent with the PALS observations. These flights were complemented by the acquisition of ALOS PALSAR data. Inter-comparison of radar observations indicated comparative calibration and possibly linear scaling. Extremely wet conditions were encountered during the field experiment. Initial results show the potential of combining passive and active PALS observations. Over the sampling sites PALS radiometer estimated soil moisture was in closer agreement over the Fort Cobb (SEE=0.048 m3/m3) than over the Little Washita watershed (SEE=0.067 m3/m3).
An effective on-chip preloading scheme to reduce data access penalty

Conventional cache prefetching approaches can be either hardware-based, generally by using a one-blockIookahead technique, or compiler-directed, with insertions of non-blocking prefetch instructions. We introduce a new hardware scheme based on the prediction of the execution of the instruction stream and associated operand references. It consists of a reference prediction table and a look-ahead program counter and its associated logic. With this scheme, data with regular access patterns is preloaded, independently of the stride size, and preloading of data with irregular access patterns is prevented. We evaluate our design through trace driven simulation by comparing it with a pure data cache approach under three different memory access models. Our experiments show that this scheme is very effective for reducing the data access penalty for scientific programs and that is has moderate success for other applications.
The Effects of CDS Trading on Information Asymmetry in Syndicated Loans

This study shows that the initiation of CDS trading for an entity’s debt increases the share of loans retained by loan syndicate lead arrangers and the incidence of sole lending loans. Further evidence shows this finding is consistent with CDS initiation reducing the effectiveness of a lead arranger’s stake in the loan to serve as a mechanism to address the adverse selection/moral hazard problem in the syndicated loan market. Additional findings corroborate this interpretation by revealing a moderating effect for firms with greater transparency and for loans originated by a lead arranger with a strong reputation in this market.
Development of Separation Strategies for Proteins by Capillary Electrophoresis

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the development of separation strategies for proteins by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Classical electrophoretic techniques have been employed in a variety of protein analyses: sample purification, molecular weight estimation, binding interactions, subunit structure, refolding capabilities, and immune recognition. The introduction of CE addressed several limitations in the traditional methods, including sample availability, analysis time, purity assessment, and resolution. Protein analysis by CE has proven to be a challenge because of protein aggregation and protein–capillary wall interactions, and the small differences in mobility that are exhibited in free solution. Development of buffer systems with a new zwitterion additive has proven effective at significantly lower concentrations in reducing protein adsorption phenomena that decrease resolution and peak efficiencies. Differences in ionic strength between sample and run buffers improve peak efficiency through stacking. Nonuniform electroosmotic flow over the high field strength experienced by the sample plug can decrease resolution, but this may be avoided by gradually applying voltage as a linear or step gradient. It is also possible to resolve SDS-protein complexes that have variations in glycosylation by differential detergent binding that alters the intrinsic charge-to-mass ratio.
Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of UF and UF

Laser induced fluorescence and resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization spectra were recorded for UF in the 18,000-20,000 cm(-1) range. Rotationally resolved data were obtained, and the analysis of a band at 18624 cm(-1) yielded a ground state rotational constant of 0.2348 cm(-1). The electronic ground state was clearly identified as |Ω| = 4.5, confirming the theoretically predicted U(+)(5f(3)7s(2))F(-) configuration. Dispersed fluorescence spectra revealed low-lying electronic states that are assigned as |Ω| = 3.5 (435 cm(-1)) and 2.5 (650 cm(-1)). Two-color photoionization spectroscopy was used to study UF(+). The ground state and fifteen electronically excited states have been characterized. The ground state was found to be |Ω| = 4, as it is for the isoelectronic molecule UO, and with vibrational constants of ωe = 649.92 and ωexe = 1.83 cm(-1). The patterns of electronically excited states observed for UF(+), with |Ω| values ranging from 0 to 6, were qualitatively consistent with the predictions of a ligand field theory model developed for UO. The experimental data for both UF and UF(+) were reasonably well reproduced by CASSCF/CASPT2 electronic structure calculations that included spin-orbit coupling.
External-loop free energy affects dye-labeled terminators premature terminations in DNA cycle-sequencing reactions

Although dideoxy terminators labeled with energy-transfer dyes (BigDyes) provide the most versatile method of automated DNA sequencing, premature terminations result in a substantially reduced reading length of the DNA sequence. I recently demonstrated that combining the annealing step with the extension step at a single temperature (60°C) reduces premature terminations of DNA sequences that ordinarily contain premature terminations when three temperature steps are used in sequencing. I studied a novel class of DNA sequences of 100-bp length and located upstream from the point that causes premature terminations. I determined the thermodynamics of 49 DNA sequences with premature terminations at three temperature steps by using DNA mfold profiles. Sequencing results for 28 samples were improved with two-step cycle sequencing, whereas two-step cycle-sequencing reactions did not improve the results for 21 sequences. Nearest-neighbor thermodynamic parameters for all 49 sequences were compared at temperatures 50°C and 60°C. The parameters predicted that thermodynamic free-base (external-loop) energies (δδG°) were significantly different for these two study groups of samples. The results indicate that changes in free energy in single-strand base (external-loop) sequences can have a significant effect in reducing premature terminations in DNA sequencing reactions run with energy-transfer-based fluorescent-dye terminators.
Analysis of Retailer Advertising Behavior

Retailer-placed newspaper advertising is often an important component of a manufacturer's promotional mix. This article examines the relation between the size of a manufacturer's advertising allowa...
The experimental research on local application of A-NK cells in anti-tumor

Objective:By observing the external growth and hyperplasia of A-NK cells and the ability of killing tumor cells,to study the functions of internal anti-tumor by local injection of A-NK cells.Methods:To use Lymphocytes separation medium to separate the single nuclear cell(PBMC),to develope LAK cells,A-NK cells and then inoculate respectively the LAK cells,the A-NK cells and Walker-256 cells on culture boards for 24 hours,use the measurement of MTT to determine the absorbance and figure out its kill probability of tumor.Copy the models of rat liver cancer,respectively inject LAK,A-NK into them through arteria hepatica to observe the survival time of the two groups of the animals.Results:The hyperplasia of A-NK cells were obviously faster than that of LAK cells (P0.05`),the kill activity of A-NK cells were stronger than that of LAK cells(P0.01),and A-NK cells can obviously prolong the life span of the model of the liver cancer animals,compare with the LAK cells,it had significant difference(P0.01).Conclusion:A-NK cells have the characteristic of hyperplasia quickly,anti-tumor activity strongly,it can restrain the growth of the tumor in the body and prolong the existence period of the tumor-bearing animals.
MicroRNA Profiling Identifies miR-196a as Differentially Expressed in Childhood Adrenoleukodystrophy and Adult Adrenomyeloneuropathy

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a peroxisomal disorder caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene, leading to a defect in the peroxisomal adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP), which inhibits the β-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs). It is a complex disease where the same mutation in the peroxisomal ABCD1 can lead to clinically diverse phenotypes ranging from the fatal disorder of cerebral ALD (cALD) to mild adult disorder of adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN). This suggests a role of epigenetic factors/modifier genes in disease progression of X-ALD which is not understood at present. To examine the possible role of microRNA (miRNA) in X-ALD disease mechanisms for differences in cALD and AMN phenotype, we profiled 1008 known miRNA in cALD, AMN, and normal human skin fibroblasts using miScript miRNA PCR array (Qiagen) and selected miRNAs which had differential expression in cALD and AMN fibroblasts. Eleven miRNA which were differentially regulated in cALD and AMN fibroblasts were identified. miR-196a showed a significant differential expression between cALD and AMN and is further characterized for target gene regulation. The predicted role of miR-196a in inhibition of inflammatory signaling factors (IKKα and IKKβ) and ELOVL1 expression suggests the pathological role of altered expression of miR-196a. This study indicates that miR-196a participated in differential regulation of ELOVL1 and inflammatory response between cALD as compared to AMN and may be a possible biomarker to differentiate between cALD and AMN.
Case report: the anticardiolipin (antibody) syndrome

The anticardiolipin antibody syndrome is relatively uncommon. It should be suspected mostly in young people with unexplained embolic or thrombotic events. A young patient with an abnormal prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, or venereal disease research lab test with one of the above noted vascular events would be a suspect for this disorder. Though an antibody test that will qualitatively and quantitatively measure antiphospholipid antibodies is available, its clinical application is not entirely clear. The presence of the antibody will support a diagnosis but cannot be used alone for diagnosis or treatment.
A 174.3-dB FoM VCO-Based CT $\Delta \Sigma $ Modulator With a Fully-Digital Phase Extended Quantizer and Tri-Level Resistor DAC in 130-nm CMOS

This paper presents a high dynamic range (DR) power-efficient voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-based continuous-time $\Delta \Sigma $ modulator. It introduces a robust and low-power fully-digital phase extended quantizer that doubles the VCO quantizer resolution compared to a conventional XOR-based phase detector. A tri-level resistor digital-to-analog converter is also introduced as complementary to the new quantizer, enabling high DR while creating a dynamic power saving mechanism for the proposed design. Fabricated in 130-nm CMOS, the analog-to-digital converter achieved peak Schreier Figure-of-Merit (FoM) of 174.3 dB with a high DR of 89 dB over 0.4-MHz BW, consuming only 1 mW under 1.2-V power supply. It also reaches a peak Walden FoM of 59 fJ/conv with 74.7-dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio over 2-MHz BW.
Skin Aging in Individuals with Skin of Color

Recently, discussions on skin aging have expanded to include all skin types and colors. This chapter explores various features of intrinsic and extrinsic aging experienced by individuals of color. Clinical strategies appropriate for individuals of all skin colors that aid in the prevention and treatment of skin aging are also described.
Flow accelerator for wind power installations with the vertical rotation axis

The article presents a research aimed at determining the hub geometric parameters enabling maximum of the air flow acceleration. In the course of the research work different installations were investigated — from simple to complex structures — in order to analyze the necessity of making certain parts of the accelerator more complicated and modernized, as well as to obtain optimal geometry of the structure. Also the paper presents the results of simulation and experimental studies of the tower type air flow vortex accelerator.
Service and Synergy: Four Professions, One Focus at The Learning Center

ABSTRACTCancer hospital libraries which exist primarily to serve patients and health consumers are few in number. One such library is the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center’s patient education library, The Learning Center. The Learning Center has a unique staffing mix of librarians and health educators plus a team of part-time volunteers. This article will show how Learning Center staff uses the strengths from their different professions to provide service in three locations, plus provide examples of the impact The Learning Center makes within the institution.
Identifying unreliable and adversarial workers in crowdsourced labeling tasks

We study the problem of identifying unreliable and adversarial workers in crowdsourcing systems where workers (or users) provide labels for tasks (or items). Most existing studies assume that worker responses follow specific probabilistic models; however, recent evidence shows the presence of workers adopting non-random or even malicious strategies. To account for such workers, we suppose that workers comprise a mixture of honest and adversarial workers. Honest workers may be reliable or unreliable, and they provide labels according to an unknown but explicit probabilistic model. Adversaries adopt labeling strategies different from those of honest workers, whether probabilistic or not. We propose two reputation algorithms to identify unreliable honest workers and adversarial workers from only their responses. Our algorithms assume that honest workers are in the majority, and they classify workers with outlier label patterns as adversaries. Theoretically, we show that our algorithms successfully identify unreliable honest workers, workers adopting deterministic strategies, and worst-case sophisticated adversaries who can adopt arbitrary labeling strategies to degrade the accuracy of the inferred task labels. Empirically, we show that filtering out outliers using our algorithms can significantly improve the accuracy of several state-of-the-art label aggregation algorithms in real-world crowdsourcing datasets.
CRT-700.22 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis and Prior External Chest Radiation

In patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) and prior chest radiation, surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is associated with poorer short- and long-term outcomes. Our objective was to study the characteristics of these patients and to explore the clinical impact of chest radiation
Foundations of DNA Technology

This chapter focuses on the discoveries and developments that laid the foundations for the practical applications of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology. The chapter begins by discussing that genetic alterations— using DNA technology, permit scientists to manipulate organisms. The technology has been made possible by knowledge of microorganisms, which were researched over the decades. The biochemistry and genetics of the bacterium Escherichia coli are outlined, and the replication patterns of viruses are discussed. The genetic recombinations in a bacteria including: transformation, conjugation, and transduction are also reviewed. The chapter describes the way interest in DNA technology heightened with the discovery of restriction enzymes. Using these enzymes, the biochemists united the DNA fragments from different sources to construct a recombinant DNA molecule. In 1973, Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer performed several experiments in gene-splicing that launched the era of DNA technology. Safety concerns erupted later leading to the Asilomar conference, to establish guidelines for conducting experiments in DNA technology. The gene-splicing technology has profound consequences in pure and practical research. Pharmaceutical products, agricultural advances, gene therapy, and the novel approaches to forensic science are some examples.
Synthesis and characterization of phosphorescent three-coordinate copper(I) complexes bearing bis(amino)cyclopropenylidene carbene (BAC)

Abstract The crystal structures and photophysical properties of two mononuclear, three-coordinate Cu(I) complexes, (BAC)Cu(py2BMe2) (1) and (BAC)Cu(pybim) (2) bearing non-heterocyclic carbene BAC (BAC = bis(di-isopropylamino)cyclopropenylidene carbene) have been investigated (py2BMe2 = di(2-pyridyl)dimethylborate, pybim = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazolate). X-ray structural analysis of 2 identified four unique molecules with varying degrees of Y- to T-shaped distortion in the asymmetric unit. This finding indicates that the potential energy barrier of this type of distortion is shallow for this derivative. Both 1 and 2 are luminescent and the former complex has a photoluminescence quantum efficiency in the solid state (ΦPL = 0.72) that is comparable to its NHC analogue.
Development of Antiviral Therapy for Chronic Infection with Hepatitis B Virus

Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can now be prevented through the use of several effective vaccines (Maynard et al. 1989). Yet for the millions of existing chronic carriers there is no effective treatment to clear the virus and thus limit the high risk of liver diseases associated with long-term infection; chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A number of recent reviews have described the limited success of current antiviral therapies of patients chronically infected with hbv (Alexander and Williams 1988; Lever 1988; Garcia and Gentry 1989; Di Bisceglie and Hoofnagle 1989). The focus of this chapter will be on understanding why HBV is difficult to eradicate once chronic infection is established, on possible new targets for antiviral therapy in the life cycle of HBV, and on recently developed models for testing the efficacy of anti-hepadnaviral treatments.
Differentiation Therapy in AML

Defective or aberrant differentiation is a hallmark of acute leukemias. This chapter addresses the current strategies being explored in the clinical arena to overcome the “differentiation blockade” by manipulating critical biological and molecular attributes of the leukemic cell. These strategies include the manipulation of cell cycle kinetics, alteration in the balance between pro-survival and pro-death pathways, and chromatin remodeling with resultant modulation of the expression of genes whose products may drive the differentiation process.
Trapping positrons for low energy antihydrogen production

A method of trapping large numbers of positrons at liquid helium temperatures in a 6 Tesla magnetic field is described. Positrons from a sodium-22 source are moderated to low energies with a tungsten reflection moderator. A Penning trap with hyperbolic electrodes holds the positrons in a magnetron (EXB) orbit. The positrons are then cooled via coupling to a tuned circuit that is in resonance with the axial oscillation of the positrons. At this point, many slow positrons are permanently trapped in the Penning trap. The positrons are centered in the trap by applying a radio-frequency field at a frequency near the sum of the axial and magnetron frequencies. This method promises to produce 106 trapped positrons at a density of 107 to 108 per cm3. Such densities of positrons would be useful in producing antihydrogen in combination with existing antiproton plasmas.
The Effect of Valence of Sulfur on the Passivation of Alloys 600 and 690 At 25 and 95C

The effects of the valence of sulfur in sulfur oxyanions on the passivation behavior of Alloys 600 and 690 in various heat treatments was studied at 25 C and 95 C using the potentiodynamic polarization method; the effects of scanning rate of the potential, valence of sulfur oxyanions, pH, alloy composition and alloy heat treatment were investigated. In general, the stability of passive films was found to decrease with the decrease of sulfur valence from +6 to {minus}2. Alloy 690 in the thermally treated condition tended to be more stable that the various heat treatments of Alloy 600. Examination of surfaces after polarization over the potential range showed that intergranular corrosion occurred mainly in solutions of SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}, SO{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}}, S{sub 4}O{sub 6}{sup 2{minus}} and S{sub 2}O{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}} whereas S{sup 2{minus}} produced pitting. The increase of S{sub 2}O{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}} at pH 6 and 95 C accelerates anodic dissolution. The variation of pH from 3.5 to 8 in 10{sup {minus}2} M S{sub 2}O{sub 3}{sup 2{minus}} solutions does not change the anodic current density significantly. The transient instability of protective films was assessed by taking the ratio, R{sub SR}, of the current density from a rapid scan atmore » 20 mV/s to a slow scan at 0.2 m V/s. These ratios were determined as a function of potential for the variables studied; in some cases ratios as high as 200 were observed.« less
Rules of Disengagement: Negative Relationships and Interactions Between Adults and Youth:

This study examined the negative adult characteristics and practices that prohibit connection between youth and nonparental adults. Racially/ethnically diverse youth from five community-based out-o...
Midcavitary Tako-Tsubo syndrome in cancer patients.

e14011Background:Variants of the classic Tako-tsubo syndrome or stress induced cardiomyopathy (SC) includes mid ventricular or basal left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Midcavitary dyskines...
Risk Factors That Explain Stock Returns: A Non-Linear Factor Pricing Model

The value of an equity investment can be framed as an embedded call option on a firm’s assets. The embedded call option creates a non-linear relationship between stock returns and underlying risk factors; however, such option value and the impact of this non-linearity are often underestimated or overlooked in most asset pricing studies. In this paper, we use the forward-looking measure of default risk in CDS spreads and an associated quadratic term as a non-linear asset pricing model to explain and predict individual stock returns. Notably, in this model, the intercept α disappears in predictions of future risk-adjusted stock returns. The model also provides an alternative to Fama and French (1993)’s three-factor model in substituting functions of our factors for size and value.
Trimethylphosphate as a Methylating Agent for Cross Coupling: A Slow-Release Mechanism for the Methylation of Arylboronic Esters

A methyl group on an arene, despite its small size, can have a profound influence on biologically active molecules. Typical methods to form a methylarene involve strong nucleophiles or strong and often toxic electrophiles. We report a strategy for a new, highly efficient, copper and iodide co-catalyzed methylation of aryl- and heteroarylboronic esters with the mild, nontoxic reagent trimethylphosphate, which has not been used previously in coupling reactions. We show that it reacts in all cases tested in yields that are higher than those of analogous copper-catalyzed reactions of MeOTs or MeI. The combination of C–H borylation and this methylation with trimethylphosphate provides a new approach to the functionalization of inert C–H bonds and is illustrated by late-stage methylation of four medicinally active compounds. In addition, reaction on a 200 mmol scale demonstrates reliability of this method. Mechanistic studies show that the reaction occurs by a slow release of methyl iodide by reaction of PO(OMe...
Sparse low-dimensional causal modeling for the analysis of brain function

Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) provides a means to study how the information is processed in the brain. This modality has been increasingly used to estimate dynamical interactions between brain regions. However, the noise and the limited temporal resolution obtained from typical rs-fMRI scans make the extraction of reliable dynamical interactions challenging. In this work, we propose a new approach to tackle these issues. We estimate Granger Causality in full resolution rs-fMRI data by fitting sparse low-dimensional multivariate autoregressive models. We elaborate an efficient optimization strategy by combining spatial and temporal dimensionality reduction, extrapolation and stochastic gradient descent. We demonstrate by processing the rs-fMRI scans of the hundred unrelated Human Connectome Project subjects that our method captures interpretable brain interactions, in particular when a differentiable sparsity-inducing regularization is introduced in our framework.
Gender disparity and sexual harassment in vascular surgery practices.

Abstract Background Sexual harassment is defined as unwelcome behaviors or obscene remarks that affect an individual’s work performance or create an intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment. It is known to be more pervasive in male-dominated workplaces and flourishes in a climate of tolerance and culture of silence. We sought to examine its prevalence in faculty of vascular surgery training programs, to identify factors associated with occurrence, to determine reporting barriers, and to identify any gender bias that exists. Methods An anonymous survey consisting of questions on gender bias and sexual harassment was e-mailed to vascular surgery faculty members at 52 training sites in the United States. The survey asked about type, perpetrators, and locations; why and how the practice occurs; reporting mechanisms and barriers to reporting; and demographic information. Descriptive and univariate analyses were performed. Results Of 346 invitations sent, 149 recipients (43%) completed the survey. Of respondents, 48 of 149 (32%) thought harassment occurred more commonly in surgical specialties with historical male dominance, citing ignoring of behavior and hierarchy/power dynamics as the most common reasons for its occurrence; 61 of 149 (41%) reported having experienced workplace harassment, with unwanted sexually explicit comments or questions and jokes, being called a sexist slur or nickname, or being paid unwanted flirtation as the most common behaviors. Harassment was high in both men and women, although women had a higher likelihood of being harassed (67% of women respondents vs 34% of men respondents; P = .001) and on average had experienced 2.6 (of 11) types of harassment. The majority of harassment came from hospital staff, although women were more likely to receive harassment from other faculty. Despite that 84% of respondents acknowledged known institutional reporting mechanisms, only 7.2% of the harassing behaviors were reported. The most common reasons for not reporting included feeling that the behavior was “harmless” (67%) or “nothing positive would come of it” (28%). Of the respondents, 30% feared repercussions or felt uncomfortable identifying as a target of sexual harassment, and only 59% would feel comfortable discussing the harassment with departmental or divisional leadership. In examining workplace gender disparity, female surgeon responses differed significantly from male surgeon responses in regard to perceptions of gender differences. Conclusions A significant number of faculty of vascular surgery training programs have experienced workplace sexual harassment. Whereas most are aware of institutional reporting mechanisms, very few events are reported and
Metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging reveal channeled de novo purine synthesis in cells.

Metabolons, multiprotein complexes consisting of sequential enzymes of a metabolic pathway, are proposed to be biosynthetic “hotspots” within the cell. However, experimental demonstration of their presence and functions has remained challenging. We used metabolomics and in situ three-dimensional submicrometer chemical imaging of single cells by gas cluster ion beam secondary ion mass spectrometry (GCIB-SIMS) to directly visualize de novo purine biosynthesis by a multienzyme complex, the purinosome. We found that purinosomes comprise nine enzymes that act synergistically, channeling the pathway intermediates to synthesize purine nucleotides, increasing the pathway flux, and influencing the adenosine monophosphate/guanosine monophosphate ratio. Our work also highlights the application of high-resolution GCIB-SIMS for multiplexed biomolecular analysis at the level of single cells.
Impact of Education-based HEART Score Pathway on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Utilization and Yield in the Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVE There is a growing consensus to reduce unnecessary testing among low-risk chest pain patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing an education-based HEART score pathway in the emergency department on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) utilization and yield. METHODS A retrospective before and after intervention study was conducted at a single site. Adult emergency department patients undergoing CCTA for suspected acute coronary syndrome were included. Primary outcomes were CCTA utilization and yield. Utilization was defined as the percentage of patients evaluated with CCTA and yield was calculated as the percentage of patients with a diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease, defined as ≥50% stenosis in any one coronary artery due to atherosclerosis. RESULTS 1540 patients undergoing CCTAs were included. CCTA utilization before and after were 2.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-2.3] and 2.0% (95% CI 1.9-2.2), respectively; mean difference 0.1% (95% CI -0.1 to 0.3; P = 0.21). The mean age was 53 years (SD = 11) and females were 52%. Of 1477 patients included in CCTA yield analysis, patients diagnosed with obstructive coronary artery disease before and after were 15.0% (95% CI 12.6-17.7) and 16.2% (95% CI 13.6-19.1), respectively; mean difference 1.2% (95% CI -2.6 to 5.1; P = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant change in the CCTA utilization or yield after the implementation of an education-based HEART pathway in a large academic center. Our findings suggest adopting a more comprehensive approach for deploying such evidence-based protocols to increase institutional compliance.