cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer Analysis of Flexural Vibrations of a Rotating Disk With an Arbitrary Profile

A collocation method is applied to the differential equation and boundary conditions which govern the flexural vibrations of a rotating thin solid disk with an arbitrary profile, clamped at the inner radius and having a flexible ring carrying masses (turbine blades) at the outer radius. The determinantal equation, from which approximations to the reasonance frequencies and mode shapes are extracted, is derived. The results of sample calculations are compared with theoretical and test results. The treatment of other types of boundary conditions is straightforward. A brief discussion of the convergence of this method is given.Copyright © 1965 by ASME
The local church as a source of social and cultural information: a field study concerning the development of an information subject file structure

Local churches or religious congregations in any community reflect the culture and society of the community in which they are located. As such, local congregations offer much in the way of social and cultural information through their various records and artifacts. Nevertheless, seldom are these records and items organized for use or easy access. This article presents evidence based on a field study of the development of a Historical Records File for the Metropolitan Community Church of Austin, Inc. (MCAA), Austin, Texas, a local congregation affiliated with the Universal Fellowship of Metropolitan Community Churches (UFMCC). The article traces how the concept of a Historical Resources File for this congregation was conceived and how it was developed over a period of several years. It pays particular attention to problems associated with subject and name authority establishment and control. The file contains many diversified materials and is rich in its coverage of church and community affairs. In order to reflect this diversity, this discussion highlights selected subject heading patterns and management problems that mirror the complexity of the development of this file. These problems and examples have been selected for discussion because they seem most reflective of problems generally faced when this type of resource system is created at the local congregational level.
Trypanosoma cruzi Meningoencephalitis in a Patient with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

As a result of global migration, a significant number of people with Trypanosoma cruzi infection now live in the United States, Canada, many countries in Europe, and other non-endemic countries. Trypanosoma cruzi meningoencephalitis is a rare cause of ring-enhancing lesions in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) that can closely mimic central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis. We report a case of CNS Chagas reactivation in an AIDS patient successfully treated with benznidazole and antiretroviral therapy in the United States.
Some positive effects of the fragmentation of holm oak forests: Attenuation of water stress and enhancement of acorn production

Abstract The effects of fragmentation on acorn production should be mediated by their impacts on the physiological status of oaks during seed development particularly in water-limited systems, such as Mediterranean forests. The creation of forests edges reduces tree-to-tree competition, which may in turn temper water shortage during summer and, as a result, enhance acorn production. To test these two hypotheses we monitored acorn production and predawn water potential during the 2012–2014 period in two holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest archipelagos of the Iberian Peninsula. Acorn production and fragmentation effects did not differ between localities despite of their contrasting climatic conditions (accumulated water deficit from April to August was a 60% higher in the South). In general, forest interiors showed a high proportion of non-producing trees (∼50%) while trees at small forest fragments showed high acorn crops (acorn score ⩾3, ∼40% of studied trees). Our results confirmed the expectation that intraspecific competition in small forest fragments was reduced, which alleviated summer water shortage of the trees studied. This reduced water stress entailed an increased acorn production. Overall, our results show that local processes such as fragmentation may counteract climatic differences among localities and could even override the impacts of increased aridity on acorn crops.
Uniting the Right: Anti-Immigration, Organizing, and the Legitimation of Extreme Racist Organizations

This article analyzes the use of anti-immigration rhetoric and organizing efforts by extreme rightwing racist groups to present themselves as political actors. The authors analyze this process through a case study of the Keystone State Skinheads/Keystone United, a Pennsylvania-based hate group. The authors identify the manner in which this countercultural group uses anti-immigrant rhetoric to frame itself as a political organization. White racist organizations utilize issues such as the opposition to immigration to minimize stigma associated with their beliefs. This strategy has allowed them to participate at the forefront of anti-immigration organizing over the course of the last decade. By engaging in such organizing activity, extreme groups often present themselves to a more mainstream audience as nonviolent organizations working merely to uphold immigration law. Additionally, the participation of white supremacists in the immigration debate shifts rhetoric further to the right and legitimizes expressions of racist senti- ment by mainstream political actors.
Identifying Activation Centers with Spatial Cox Point Processes Using fMRI Data

We developed a Bayesian clustering method to identify significant regions of brain activation. Coordinate-based meta data originating from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were of primary interest. Individual fMRI has the ability to measure the intensity of blood flow and oxygen to a location within the brain that was activated by a given thought or emotion. The proposed method performed clustering on two levels, latent foci center and study activation center, with a spatial Cox point process utilizing the Dirichlet process to describe the distribution of foci. Intensity was modeled as a function of distance between the focus and the center of the cluster of foci using a Gaussian kernel. Simulation studies were conducted to evaluate the sensitivity and robustness of the method with respect to cluster identification and underlying data distributions. We applied the method to a meta data set to identify emotion foci centers.
Simulation of Recovery Characteristics and Control Measures of Dynamic Reactive Power of HVDC Inverter Station

The recovery characteristics of dynamic reactive power of DC inverter station and its regulation and control measures are investigated when severe disturbances occur in the receiving-end of AC system. The influencing factors of converter reactive power are studied based on the quasi steady state model. By simulations with an HVDC EM TDC model corresponding to an actual project,the common characteristics of dynamic reactive power during the recovery period are elaborated,and the mechanism analysis is carried out from the aspects of control system and converter transformer. The features,advantages and disadvantages are compared between the VDCL control parameters optimization method and the extinction angle control optimization method for altering the inverter reactive power characteristics. EM TDC simulations results of a practical AC / DC power grid validate the common characteristics of dynamic reactive power of inverter stations and the effectiveness of control strategy.
Compressive Hyperspectral Imaging for Stellar Spectroscopy

Hyperspectral data is commonly used by astronomers to discern the chemical composition of stars. Unfortunately, conventional hyperspectral platforms require long exposure times, which can hamper their use in applications like celestial navigation. We propose a compressed sensing platform that exploits the spatial sparsity of stars to quickly sample the hyperspectral data. We leverage certain combinatorial designs to devise coded apertures, and then we apply block orthogonal matching pursuit to quickly reconstruct the desired imagery.
Low Incidence Of Severe Cgvhd and Late NRM In a Phase II Trial Of Thymoglobulin®, Tacrolimus and Sirolimus For Gvhd Prevention

Introduction Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a major factor determining long term outcome and quality of life following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHSCT). In fact, cGVHD is the leading cause of late non-relapse mortality (NRM) and morbidity after AHSCT. The rates of severe cGVHD using NIH consensus criteria reported in the literature are 15-38%. Effective regimens are needed to reduce the severity of cGVHD and improve NRM. We analyzed and updated the long term outcomes of our phase 2 trial evaluating the efficacy of intermediate dose rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (Thymo) in combination with tacrolimus and sirolimus for the prevention of acute and chronic GVHD after unrelated donor transplantation. Methods In a Phase II trial, 47 adult patients (pts) underwent AHSCT from unrelated donors using Thymo, tacrolimus, and sirolimus for GVHD prophylaxis. Thymo was given as follows: 0.5 mg/kg day -3, 1.5mg/kg day -2, and 2.5mg/kg day -1. Chronic GVHD was measured using NIH consensus criteria. Results Twenty-two pts received 8/8 and 25 received 7/8 HLA matched unrelated grafts. Thirteen pts received a reduced intensity preparative regimen, while 34 pts received a full intensity regimen. The median follow-up duration was 45.2 months (95% CI 37.7-48.8), with minimum follow up of 30 months. At 4 years of follow up, the cumulative incidence of NIH severe cGVHD a, was 6.4 % (95% CI 1.6-15.9), and overall cumulative incidence of cGVHD was 48.9% (95% CI 33.6-62.6). Of 20 pts who are alive and disease free, only 4 pts continue to need systemic immune suppression at the last follow up. At 4 years of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of NRM and disease relapse were 27.7% (95% CI 15.7- 41.0) and 30.0% (95% CI 17.5- 43.6), respectively. There has been one non relapse death beyond 12 months and none after 18 months of follow up. Only one pt died from cGVHD and bronchiolitis obliterans, while two other pts had minimal symptoms from bronchiolitis obliterans. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at 2 years were 50% (95% CI 35-64) and 56% (95% CI 42-70). Median OS is 33.9 months [95% CI (9.8 -*) *the upper limit of the CI was not calculated due to the pattern of censoring] All patients were censored after 40 months, so PFS and OS could not be calculated at 48 months. The median karnofsky performance status at 2 years was 90%. Conclusion At long term follow up, the combination of Thymoglobulin, Tacrolimus, and Sirolimus was associated with low incidence of severe cGVHD, low incidence of late NRM, and good performance status. Further validation of these results in randomized phase III trials is needed. ![Figure][1] Disclosures: Al-Kadhimi: Genzyme: Research Funding. Off Label Use: The use of Thymoglobulin® for GVHD prevention. [1]: pending:yes
Experience with Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Renal Artery Stenosis at The Cleveland Clinic

From April 1979 to June 1985 percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was attempted in 68 patients at our clinic to treat renovascular hypertension and/or to preserve renal function. The etiology of renal artery disease was atherosclerosis in 55 patients, fibrous dysplasia in 6, renal transplant arterial stenosis in 5 and postoperative saphenous vein graft stenosis in 2. A successful clinical outcome, defined as a decrease in blood pressure and/or improvement in renal function, was achieved in 12 patients (26.1 per cent) with atherosclerotic renal artery disease, 3 (75 per cent) with fibrous dysplasia, 2 (100 per cent) with saphenous vein graft stenosis and all 5 with transplant renal arterial stenosis (100 per cent). Improved results were observed in patients with nonostial atherosclerotic lesions compared to ostial lesions. There were 23 complications (33.8 per cent) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and all but 1 occurred with atherosclerosis. Of these complications 13 (19 per cent) were considered major. Since the beginning of 1983, however, only 3 complications occurred among 32 procedures (9.4 per cent) and only 1 of these was of major significance. When technically feasible, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty can provide effective treatment for selected patients with renal artery stenosis.
Potential Mechanisms of Defective Brain Development in Schizophrenia

Unraveling the biological basis of schizophrenia is a formidable task. At present, there is considerable interest in theories which suggest that orderly brain development is affected in this disorder and that alterations of brain organization arising from disturbed ontogenesis are causally linked to schizophrenic psychopathology. Recognition of a developmental pathophysiology in schizophrenia may be critical for further understanding the disease, and potentially important for its prevention.
Place, Nation, and the Mexico–US Soccer Rivalry: Dual Citizens, Home Stadiums, and Hosting the Gold Cup

This chapter explores three place-based dimensions of the Mexico–US soccer rivalry. First, we examine the politics of dual citizens and naturalized citizens representing the Mexican and US national teams, an increasingly polemic situation in both countries. Second, we compare the home stadium arrangement of each country. Mexico City’s Azteca stadium serves as the home site for the Mexican National team. In the case of the USA, there is no default home site and thus on-going debates about whether there should be a home stadium and where it should be located. Third, we examine the politics and economics involved in the USA serving as the permanent host for the CONCACAF Gold Cup, the biennial regional championship.
A Rating-Based Approach to Pricing Sovereign Credit Risk

This study provides a rating-based framework to manage portfolio sovereign credit risk and to price sovereign defaultable securities. We first estimate transition matrices using the homogeneous hazard rate estimator. We find that such estimator yields precise estimates and accounts for “rare events”. Then, we calibrate empirical transition matrices to the Euro-dollar bonds and derive spread option prices. However, empirically sovereign credit spreads are driven by a systematic US global factor. For this reason, we model the transition matrices conditional on the US interest rate. Within this framework we price defaultable bonds.
EFFECT OF INSECTICIDE ROTATIONS ON EVOLUTION OF RESISTANCE

Abstract The concept of insecticide rotations as a resistance-delaying tactic was examined in sib populations of Culex quinquefasciatus through the application of selection pressure by single insecticides over several generations followed by relaxation of pressure, and through selection by short- and long-term rotation of the chemicals. Temephos, permethrin, propoxur and diflubenzuron were utilized. Resistance to each chemical showed unequal persistence upon removal from pressure, being most stable for propoxur, least for temephos and intermediate for permethrin. In long-term rotations, temephos and permethrin manifested reciprocally suppressive effects on resistance to each other, but propoxur caused longer retention of permethrin resistance. In short-term rotations, permethrin resistance evolved to high levels in proportion to the frequency of its use. Longer-term rotations offer opportunities for periodic relaxation of selection pressure through use of chemicals with unstable resistance characteristics, or of pairs of chemicals with neutral or negative cross-resistance relationships.
Trichosanthes Kirilowii Plant Cell Culture in a 5 Liter Bioreactor

In this study we report on the batch growth and protein production profiles of Trichosanthes kirilowii (Chinese cucumber) plant cell cultures cultivated in Linsmaier Skoog medium containing plant growth regulating hormones in a 5 liter New Brunswick BioFlo 3000 bioreactor equipped with a pitched blade impeller. The influence of inoculation density, method of inoculation and alternative sampling methods on growth kinetics and total protein production are analyzed. Doubling times of less than 2 days are achieved with final dry mass accumulation of 15-20 grams dry weight per liter. The plant cell culture under study is a potential source of previously identified and novel antiviral proteins known as ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) which have potential applications as human therapeutics and in agricultural biotechnology. The bioreactor runs described in this work demonstrate general operational conditions for the cultivation of plant cell suspension cultures in traditional, mechanically agitated, aerated bioreactors.
Stress intensity factors and T-stress in functionally graded materials: A unified approach using the interaction integral method

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an accurate and robust scheme for evaluating mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) and T-stress by means of the interaction integral (M-integral) method considering arbitrarily oriented cracks in two-dimensional elastic functionally graded materials (FGMs). It is observed that the interaction integral method is quite accurate in calculating SIFs and T-stress in FGMs. The material nonhomogeneity βα shows significant influence on the fracture parameters (SIFs and T-stress) in FGMs.
Specimen strain measurement in the split-Hopkinson-pressure-bar experiment

The validity of the split-Hopkinson-pressurebar technique for measuring dynamic strain and stress is examined by comparing the average strain computed by use of that technique with the strain at the midpoint of the sample. The midpoint strain is measured by use of the inter-ferometric-strain-gage method. It is found that the midpoint surface strain and the average strain agree quite well after a strain of approximately 1 percent. It is concluded that the pressure-bar technique is valid for large strains.
General Principles of Magnetic Confinement

These lectures are intended to prepare the way for succeeding detailed discussion of the role of atomic and molecular physics in confinement research. Hence, we will begin with a brief discussion of basic magnetic confinement issues, chiefly single particle confinement, finite pressure equilibrium and stability, and transport. Then we proceed to a description of the major approaches to magnetic confinement; tandem (ambipolar) mirrors with their associated auxiliary barriers, tokamaks and stellarators. The leading alternatives, EBT and Reversed Field Pinch, are also treated. The evolution equations for particle, energy and, where relevant, field diffusion, are presented and discussed. This is the context for atomic and molecular processes relevant to confinement.
Acute Pharmacokinetic Profile of Smoked and Vaporized Cannabis in Human Blood and Oral Fluid

Currently, an unprecedented number of individuals can legally access cannabis. Vaporization is increasingly popular as a method to self-administer cannabis, partly due to perception of reduced harm compared with smoking. Few controlled laboratory studies of cannabis have used vaporization as a delivery method or evaluated the acute effects of cannabis among infrequent cannabis users. This study compared the concentrations of cannabinoids in whole blood and oral fluid after administration of smoked and vaporized cannabis in healthy adults who were infrequent users of cannabis. Seventeen healthy adults, with no past-month cannabis use, self-administered smoked or vaporized cannabis containing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) doses of 0, 10 and 25 mg in six double-blind outpatient sessions. Whole blood and oral fluid specimens were obtained at baseline and for 8 h after cannabis administration. Cannabinoid concentrations were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) methods. Sensitivity, specificity and agreement between ELISA and LC-MS-MS results were assessed. Subjective, cognitive performance and cardiovascular effects were assessed. The highest concentrations of cannabinoids in both whole blood and oral fluid were typically observed at the first time point (+10 min) after drug administration. In blood, THC, 11-OH-THC, THCCOOH and THCCOOH-glucuronide concentrations were dose-dependent for both methods of administration, but higher following vaporization compared with smoking. THC was detected longer in oral fluid compared to blood and THCCOOH detection in oral fluid was rare and highly erratic. For whole blood, greater detection sensitivity for ELISA testing was observed in vaporized conditions. Conversely, for oral fluid, greater sensitivity was observed in smoked sessions. Blood and/or oral fluid cannabinoid concentrations were weakly to moderately correlated with pharmacodynamic outcomes. Cannabis pharmacokinetics vary by method of inhalation and biological matrix being tested. Vaporization appears to be a more efficient method of delivery compared with smoking.
Association Between Recreational Marijuana Legalization in the United States and Changes in Marijuana Use and Cannabis Use Disorder From 2008 to 2016

Importance Little is known about changes in marijuana use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) after recreational marijuana legalization (RML). Objectives To examine the associations between RML enactment and changes in marijuana use, frequent use, and CUD in the United States from 2008 to 2016. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study used repeated cross-sectional survey data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2008-2016) conducted in the United States among participants in the age groups of 12 to 17, 18 to 25, and 26 years or older. Interventions Multilevel logistic regression models were fit to obtain estimates of before-vs-after changes in marijuana use among respondents in states enacting RML compared to changes in other states. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-reported past-month marijuana use, past-month frequent marijuana use, past-month frequent use among past-month users, past-year CUD, and past-year CUD among past-year users. Results The study included 505 796 respondents consisting of 51.51% females and 77.24% participants 26 years or older. Among the total, 65.43% were white, 11.90% black, 15.36% Hispanic, and 7.31% of other race/ethnicity. Among respondents aged 12 to 17 years, past-year CUD increased from 2.18% to 2.72% after RML enactment, a 25% higher increase than that for the same age group in states that did not enact RML (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.01-1.55). Among past-year marijuana users in this age group, CUD increased from 22.80% to 27.20% (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.59). Unmeasured confounders would need to be more prevalent in RML states and increase the risk of cannabis use by 1.08 to 1.11 times to explain observed results, indicating results that are sensitive to omitted variables. No associations were found among the respondents aged 18 to 25 years. Among respondents 26 years or older, past-month marijuana use after RML enactment increased from 5.65% to 7.10% (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.16-1.40), past-month frequent use from 2.13% to 2.62% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.41), and past-year CUD from 0.90% to 1.23% (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08-1.71); these results were more robust to unmeasured confounding. Among marijuana users in this age group, past-month frequent marijuana use and past-year CUD did not increase after RML enactment. Conclusions and Relevance This study’s findings suggest that although marijuana legalization advanced social justice goals, the small post-RML increase in risk for CUD among respondents aged 12 to 17 years and increased frequent use and CUD among adults 26 years or older in this study are a potential public health concern. To undertake prevention efforts, further studies are warranted to assess how these increases occur and to identify subpopulations that may be especially vulnerable.
Interoceptive deficits differentiate suicide groups and associate with self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a military sample.

OBJECTIVE Previous research shows that interoceptive deficits are associated with harmful behaviors such as nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), eating disorder pathology, and suicide attempts. The present study replicates and extends this area of research by examining the association between interoceptive deficits and suicidality in a military sample. METHOD In Study 1, respondents to an online survey (N = 134) answered self-report questionnaires related to interoceptive deficits. Study 2 consisted of a secondary data analysis of 3,764 military service members who had previously completed questionnaires on interoceptive indicators, NSSI, suicide thoughts and attempts, and other psychopathology. RESULTS Study 1 demonstrated that our interoceptive deficits latent variable had adequate psychometric properties. In Study 2, multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed that scores on the interoceptive deficits latent variable were highest among suicide attempters, lowest among those with no suicide history, and intermediary among participants who had thought about but not attempted suicide. The interoceptive deficits latent variable was more strongly related to NSSI and suicidality than were posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, hopelessness, gender, and age. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm-and extend to a military sample-previous research showing that interoceptive deficits can provide important information about suicide risk.
The Last American Establishment: Massachusetts, 1780-1833

This chapter surveys the arguments for and against religious establishment and religious freedom that informed the Massachusetts Constitution of 1780 and the subsequent amendments of 1821 and 1833. Most preachers, politicians, and citizens during this period agreed that religion was an essential source of morality, and that the Constitution should respect and encourage diverse religious beliefs and practices, at least among Protestants. But controversial issues including religious test oaths, church membership rules, and the use of taxes to support Congregationalist Churches created sharp political divisions. In 1833, the Eleventh Amendment to the Massachusetts Constitution moved away from religious establishment. It made church membership and funding entirely voluntary; granted all religious societies the right to hire their own clergy, to build their own churches, and to manage their own membership rolls; promised equal protection of the law to believers of all sects and non-believers, alike; and ensured that individual members of those sects could exit without incurring liability for contracts subsequently made by the other members of that sect.
Chemical Security Education Could Reduce Diversion, Misuse, and Errors in Hospital Settings in the United States

Modern hospitals and healthcare clinics contain vast arsenals of dangerous drugs that have the potential for serious abuse and error if not properly stored, handled, and disposed of. In this commentary, we discuss drug-handling practices that students in the health sciences should be familiar with, focusing primarily on narcotics and paralytics. We also recount instances when chemical security was breached, with major impacts to public health and security.
Insights into solid acid catalysts for efficient cellulose hydrolysis to glucose: progress, challenges, and future opportunities

Solid acids as heterogeneous catalysts for cellulose hydrolysis have drawn increasing attention; however, current solid acids face challenges such as high catalyst loading (low catalytic activity),...
Improving Efficiency, Reliability and Life-time Cost of Data Centers Using DC Technology

With the expansion of today's digital era, the use of electronic equipment is increasing exponentially at home, office, and plants. The common denominator of these electronic equipment is that they all use Direct current (DC) power internally by converting Alternating Current (AC) power to DC power using local converters. All these converters produce losses, heat, and are prone to failures which in turn impact the equipment efficiency, life span, and reliability. In addition, these converters increase the cost of equipment they are powering and their required footprint. The issue of reliability and cost reduction is more stressing for data centers where servers, Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) systems, and IT equipment constituting the majority of the load can be powered directly through a DC grid. This paper presents a case study that compares AC and DC technologies for powering a typical data center and outlines the main advantages and limitations of each technology. This study will present a comparative analysis of a DC power system against a typical AC distribution for critical datacenter loads. It also presents a real case study of existing AC powered data center and compare the benefits of powering the center via DC instead of AC. Analytical reliability, safety and efficiency models are developed, and quantitative results are obtained based on a set of real data. The study indicates that the DC system would be more reliable, efficient and will achieve less Capex and Opex values than the AC.
Morphological Definition of Actin Architecture at the T Cell Immunological Synapse

T lymphocytes (T cells) are the major mediators of adaptive immune response. They detect pathogens primarily via the interaction of their T cell receptor (TCR) with the cognate pathogen-derived peptide displayed in the context of MHC on the infected cell. A critical step in T cell activation is the formation of immunological synapse, a specialized cell–cell conjugate interface between the T cell and infected cell, where massive TCR-induced actin remodeling and polymerization take place. Dynamic actin polymerization at the immunological synapse is essential for T cell activation and subsequently, immune response.
They Seek, but Do They Find? Investigating the Financial Information-Seeking Behavior of College Students

This paper reports the findings of a survey administered to a large academic university student population, assessing students’ self-reported motivations, difficulties, and methods used in finding and using financial information. Results discussed include information types and sources students consult for financial information. The survey also explored students’ perceptions of the relative ease of finding financial information and the degree of success students had in finding appropriate information. These results are relevant for librarians who support financial literacy through collection development or one-on-one patron support, or who are involved in developing financial literacy programs for libraries.
Penetrating radar combined with 3-D imaging for real-time augmented reality sensing and classification

This paper presents research on the use of penetrating radar combined with 3-D computer vision for real-time augmented reality enabled target sensing. Small scale radar systems face the issue that positioning systems are inaccurate, non-portable or challenged by poor GPS signals. The addition of modern computer vision to current cutting-edge penetrating radar technology expands the common 2-D imaging plane to 6 degrees of freedom. Applying the fact that the radar scan itself is a vector with length equivalent to depth from the transmitting and receiving antennae, these technologies used in conjunction can generate an accurate 3-D model of the internal structure of any material for which radar can penetrate. The same computer vision device that localizes the radar data can also be used as the basis for an augmented reality system. Augmented reality radar technology has applications in threat detection (human through-wall, IED, landmine) as well as civil (wall and floor structure, buried item detection). For this project, the goal is to create a data registration pipeline and display the radar scan data visually in a 3-D environment using localization from a computer vision tracking device. Processed radar traces are overlayed in real time to an augmented reality screen where the user can view the radar signal intensity to identify and classify targets.
Extensions of DMFT to the Nonlocal Case

In this chapter, we discuss how to include nonlocal correlations in DMFT. These correlations are important in many cases, including low-dimensional systems and/or systems close to phase transitions. We pay a special attention to one of the most popular nonlocal approaches—dynamical vertex approximation (DΓA), where one includes local-in-space but frequency-dependent vertices in the Luttinger–Ward functional. Such a correction allows one to obtain momentum-dependent self-energy. We discuss connection between DΓA and another popular Bethe–Salpeter equation approach. We also give details on two approximations in DΓA—parquet and ladder approximations, and also on how to find the two-particle GFs, the key quantity in DΓA, with two impurity solvers. We discuss other approaches proposed as nonlocal extensions of DMFT, and conclude the chapter by comparing results obtained with DΓA and some other nonlocal approaches and DMFT.
Some Effects of European Law on English Administrative Law

In this article, Dr. Cripps discusses how European law has affected English law in recent decades, particularly with regard to the constitutional supremacy enjoyed by the English legislative branch. She notes the reception by English judges of concepts of legitimate expectation and proportionality previously recognized in some European Community nations. Dr. Cripps predicts that the English bench will be increasingly willing to take European law into account in their decisionmaking.
Arithmetic in Quadratic Fields with Unique Factorization

In a quadratic field Q(\(\sqrt D\)), D a squarefree integer, with class number 1 any algebraic integer can be decomposed uniquely into primes but for only 21 domains Euclidean algorithms are known. We prove that for D⩽−19 even remainder sequences with possibly non-decreasing norms cannot determine the GCD of arbitrary inputs. We then show how to compute the greatest common divisor of the algebraic integers in any fixed Q(\(\sqrt D\)) with class number 1 in O (S2) binary steps where S is the number of bits needed to encode the inputs. We also prove that in any domain the computation of the prime factorization of an algebraic integer can be reduced in polynomial-time to factoring its norm into rational primes. Our reduction is based on a constructive version of a theorem by A. Thue. Finally we present another GCD algorithm for complex quadratic fields based on a short lattice vector construction.
Observations from a multi-platform approach to user interface design pedagogy

If computing is ubiquitous in our world as the literature declares, then the importance of user interface design knowledge increases for our undergraduate programs. Students of undergraduate computer science or information systems programs should possess some competence in this computing sub-discipline. However, many programs do not have the curricular space to host a separate course in usability or user interface design. To address this concern, results and observations of incorporating user interface design pedagogy in the context of a software engineering project course have been studied. The advantages and disadvantages of design projects on a variety of platforms are discussed. The investigations indicate that applications and platforms with significant constraints concerning usability and human factors provide an optimal context for teaching and demonstrating user interface design concepts.
Ontological Reflections on Peace and War

Responding to a provocative question by Hiroharu Seki about Hiroshima ontologies, the author reviews his own thinking about the ontological primitives appropriate for peace-research relevant event-data making and defense-relevant high-performance knowledge bases. He proposes that second generation adaptive, multi-agent models in the tradition of Santa Fe Institute be developed to include the socially shared memories, including their identity-redefining traumas, of nations and of international society, as well as their relational/migrational/ecological histories of community building success and failure. Historicity in this ontologically distinctive sense is also a challenge for the relevant computationally oriented international relations and peace research literature on war and peace. To appear in Hiroharu Seki Memorial Volume, M. Kobayashi and S. Endo, eds., Yshindo Pub, Japan (in Japanese).
Los orígenes sociales del imperialismo estadounidense

Este ensayo representa un esfuerzo por vincular las preocupaciones de los historiadores laborales latinoamericanos con aquellas de los historiadores laborales en los Estados Unidos. Los estudios laborales en America Latina y los Estados Unidos se han desarrollado en gran medida por separado. Ambos deben mucho mas el ejemplo establecido por la historia laboral europea que el uno al otro. En la medida en que existe la comunicacion y la fecundacion mutua entre los historiadores laborales en el hemisferio, por lo general estas han sido un camino de una sola via transitado por los latinoamericanistas que viven en los Estados Unidos. Bergquist sostiene que las historiografias liberal y marxista en los Estados Unidos generalmente ignoran las conexiones entre el imperialismo de finales del siglo pasado y la presion de importantes movimientos sociales de la epoca en ese pais. Walter LaFeber, alumno de William Appleman Williams, escapa a estos problemas en su trabajo seminal publicado en 1963 y titulado The New Empire. Desafortunadamente el argumento de LaFeber sobre los origenes sociales del imperialismo estadounidense no ha sido asimilado por numerosos academicos como senala este articulo.
The Sample Average Approximation Method Applied to Stochastic Routing Problems: A Computational Study

The sample average approximation (SAA) method is an approach for solving stochastic optimization problems by using Monte Carlo simulation. In this technique the expected objective function of the stochastic problem is approximated by a sample average estimate derived from a random sample. The resulting sample average approximating problem is then solved by deterministic optimization techniques. The process is repeated with different samples to obtain candidate solutions along with statistical estimates of their optimality gaps. We present a detailed computational study of the application of the SAA method to solve three classes of stochastic routing problems. These stochastic problems involve an extremely large number of scenarios and first-stage integer variables. For each of the three problem classes, we use decomposition and branch-and-cut to solve the approximating problem within the SAA scheme. Our computational results indicate that the proposed method is successful in solving problems with up to 21694 scenarios to within an estimated 1.0% of optimality. Furthermore, a surprising observation is that the number of optimality cuts required to solve the approximating problem to optimality does not significantly increase with the size of the sample. Therefore, the observed computation times needed to find optimal solutions to the approximating problems grow only linearly with the sample size. As a result, we are able to find provably near-optimal solutions to these difficult stochastic programs using only a moderate amount of computation time.
Analysts, Taxes, and Information Processing Costs

This paper investigates how analysts use earnings generated by changes in the effective tax rate (i.e., the tax change component of earnings) in forecasting annual earnings. We examine whether analysts incorporate this tax-based information into their annual earnings forecasts to a different degree than they do other earnings information, whether information about pretax income or effective tax rates affect how analysts incorporate the implications of tax-based information into their annual earnings forecasts, and the extent to which differences in information processing costs affect analysts’ reactions. We find that the persistence of the tax change component embedded in analysts’ forecasts is systematically lower than that implied by a time-series model. This underreaction represents analysts’ failure to fully impound the difference between permanent and transitory effective tax rate changes. We then find that analysts underreact to the tax change component to a greater extent than other earnings components and reducing information processing costs attenuates analysts’ underreaction to the tax change component. This research answers the call from Graham, Raedy, and Shackelford (2012) for more research on users of tax-based information in the financial statements.
Caution and Cooperation: The American Civil War in British‐American Relations – By Phillip E. Myers

Standard assumptions in Civil War historiography bite the proverbial dust with this new tour de force study. A generation ago, this reviewer's high school teacher taught him that Great Britain had ...
Personality and Temperament Correlates of Marital Satisfaction

Participants (166 married couples, ages 20–85) were administered marital satisfaction and Pleasantness-Arousability-Dominance temperament scales. Participants with more pleasant and more dominant temperaments, and those who had mates with more pleasant temperaments, were happier in their marriages. Temperament accounted for substantially more variance (30%–34% in marital satisfaction than effect sizes reported in the personality/marital satisfaction literature. Because Pleasantness is a general index of psychological adjustment, findings implied that better adjusted persons, and those with better adjusted mates, were more satisfied in marriage. Unpleasant and submissive (i.e., depressed) wives were highly dissatisfied in marriage. Although intermate temperament similarity on Pleasantness and Dominance (but not on Arousability) correlated positively with marital satisfaction, similarity was a weaker and somewhat misleading predictor of satisfaction in comparison to findings when individual temperament scores were treated as separate variables. Also, weak results showed individuals selected mates with temperaments similar to their own.
Science and the philosophers

To scientists, the philosophy of science seems an irrelevance, as does the empirical practice of science to philosophers, preoccupied as they are with the logical consistency of their methods. The gulf between the philosophy of science, which has its roots in the growth of positivism in the late nineteenth century, impoverishes both. But there is now hope that the gulf will be bridged by the evolution of philosophy into theory of science.
A stereocontrolled synthesis of (+)-saxitoxin

A concise stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-saxitoxin is described. A silver(I)-initiated hydroamination cascade constructs the bicyclic guanidinium ion core from a alkynyl bisguanidine. This sequence creates two C–N bonds, one C–O bond, and three rings and forms a single stereoisomer in a single synthetic transformation. This process enabled us to complete the synthesis of (+)-saxitoxin in 14 steps from N-Boc-l-serine methyl ester.
Ethnic diversity and the patterned adoption of soil conservation in the strawberry hills of Monterey, California

Extensive research over the past 50 years has concentrated on explaining the adoption of soil conservation practices in terms of individual farmer and farm firm characteristics. This article suggests an expanded approach in which the socioeconomic context of individual behavior is considered. Descriptive results from a survey of ethnically diverse strawberry farmers on erodible lands in California are used to develop a social model of conservation adoption. Anglo, Japanese, and Mexican farmers are shown to differ in terms of personal experience in the industry, farm business characteristics, information networks, and attitudes about farming. The concepts of knowledge systems and normative farm management styles are introduced as a framework for understanding the influence of ethnic historical context on current behavior. The implications of this model for resource conservation policy also are discussed. Recognition of the influence of social group membership is critical in the development of effective con...
ISOLATION BY DISTANCE IN EQUILIBRIUM AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM POPULATIONS.

It is shown that for allele frequency data a useful measure of the extent of gene flow between a pair of populations is M∘=(1/FST-1)/4, which is the estimated level of gene flow in an island model at equilibrium. For DNA sequence data, the same formula can be used if FST is replaced by NST . In a population with restricted dispersal, analytic theory shows that there is a simple relationship between M and geographic distance in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium populations and that this relationship is approximately independent of mutation rate when the mutation rate is small. Simulation results show that with reasonable sample sizes, isolation by distance can indeed be detected and that, at least in some cases, non-equilibrium patterns can be distinguished. This approach to analyzing isolation by distance is used for two allozyme data sets, one from gulls and one from pocket gophers.
Specific Involvement of G Proteins in Regulation of Serum Response Factor-mediated Gene Transcription by Different Receptors

Regulation of serum response factor (SRF)-mediated gene transcription by G protein subunits and G protein-coupled receptors was investigated in transfected NIH3T3 cells and in a cell line that was derived from mice lacking G_(αq) and G_(α11). We found that the constitutively active forms of the α subunits of the G_q and G_(12) class of G proteins, including Gα_q, Gα_(11), Gα_(14), Gα_(16), Gα_(12), and Gα_(13), can activate SRF in NIH3T3 cells. We also found that the type 1 muscarinic receptor (m1R) and α_1-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated SRF activation is exclusively dependent on Gα_(q/11), while the receptors for thrombin, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), thromboxane A2, and endothelin can activate SRF in the absence of Gα_(q/11). Moreover, RGS12 but not RGS2, RGS4, or Axin was able to inhibit Gα_(12) and Gα_(13)-mediated SRF activation. And RGS12, but not other RGS proteins, blocked thrombin- and LPA-mediated SRF activation in the Gα_(q/11)-deficient cells. Therefore, the thrombin, LPA, thromboxane A2, and endothelin receptors may be able to couple to Gα_(12/13). On the contrary, receptors including β_2- and α_2-ARs, m2R, the dopamine receptors type 1 and 2, angiotensin receptors types 1 and 2, and interleukin-8 receptor could not activate SRF in the presence or absence of Gα_(q/11), suggesting that these receptors cannot couple to endogenous G proteins of the G_(12) or G_q classes.
Identification of a growth arrest specific (gas 5) gene by differential display as a candidate gene for determining susceptibility to hyperthermia-induced exencephaly in mice.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common congenital malformations, affecting approximately 1 per 1,000 liveborn infants in the United States [Nakano, 1973; Richards et al., 1972]. Maternal exposure to hyperthermia, either through recreational sources or due to an infectious agent, is thought to account for approximately 10% of observed NTD cases. The specific genes conferring susceptibility or resistance to hyperthermia-induced NTDs have not been identified. This study used differential display-polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) to characterize alterations in gene expression in the anterior embryonic neural tube of two highly inbred murine strains (SWV/Fnn, LM/Bc/Fnn) known to differ in their genetically determined susceptibility to heat-induced NTDs. Herein, we report the neural tube-specific differential expression of the growth arrest specific (gas 5) gene in the highly susceptible SWV/Fnn strain during neural tube closure (NTC). Although the expression of gas 5 did not appear to be altered by the teratogenic heat treatment, its spatial and strain-specific pattern of expression makes it an excellent candidate gene responsible for the observed genetic differences in NTD susceptibility between these two inbred murine strains. Dev. Genet. 21:212–222, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.