cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of elevated body temperature on plasma vitamin A and carotene.

SummaryIn a study of 92 patients it was found that elevation of the body temperature to 105.5° or 106.0°F (rectal) by physically induced fever was followed by a depression of the plasma vitamin A and carotene. The extent of the depression was directly related to the duration of the fever. The course of the plasma vitamin A and carotene was almost identical irrespective of the chemo-therapeutic agents (bismuth subsalicylate in oil, mapharsen, sulfathiazole or the sodium salt of penicillin) given either before or during physically-induced fever of equal duration. It is, therefore, justifiable to conclude that elevation of the body temperature is the principal cause of the depression of plasma vitamin A and carotene. At the termination of fever, the plasma vitamin A was nearly at the lowest level. The restoration of the plasma vitamin A level usually occurred by the second day after treatment and took place spontaneously without any special medication or dietary measures. The plasma carotene level showed a p...
Imaging the pregnant patient: A uniform approach

AbstractImaging of maternal complications of pregnancy is a diagnostic dilemma. Common patient complaints include pelvic pain, shortness of breath, headache, and back pain. Even the most astute physician may have difficulty determining the source of the problem based on history and physical examinat
Perils of mercury

The historical items pertaining to mercury are outlined, and its toxicity and former medicinal uses are discussed. The diversity of the toxic effects by the different forms of mercury as well as the routes of administration are illustrated in three case reports. The importance of diaphoresis in the treatment of mercury poisoning as well as the status of the use of chelating agents are reviewed. The need for the surveillance of mercury and the prevention of exposure to mercury from environmental and dietary sources are emphasized. The importance of excluding mercury toxicity in patients with psychiatric and neurological disorders is stressed.
Posterior Shoulder Instability : Comprehensive Analysis of Open and Arthroscopic Approaches

Whether open surgery and arthroscopic repair of posterior shoulder instability have similar success rates remains unknown, but the literature suggests that arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization procedures equal open surgery in managing posterior shoulder instability. A comprehensive PubMed computer search of the English-language literature from 1988 to 2004 was performed using the key phrase posterior shoulder instability. Studies included in our analysis addressed the surgical treatment of recurrent posterior instability and multidirectional instability with primarily a posterior component of instability; studies were excluded if their minimum follow-up was less than 1 year, if their patients had a history of habitual posterior shoulder instability, or if their patients had either bony procedures or thermal capsulorrhaphy. Data collected from each study included patient demographics, instability classifications (traumatic vs atraumatic), previous shoulder stabilizations, and clinical outcomes. After identifying and reviewing 283 abstracts, we found that 16 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria--9 open studies (173 patients) and 7 arthroscopic trials (186 patients). The 2 treatment groups had similar sex distributions (P> .25). Mean age was 23 years for the open group and 26 years for the arthroscopic group (P< .02). Clinical outcomes were rated satisfactory by 72% of patients in the open group and 83% of patients in the arthroscopic group (P< .55), controlling for age. Eighty-five percent of patients treated with an open technique and 81% of patients treated arthroscopically returned to sports (P< .82). This study demonstrated no statistical difference in clinical outcomes for patients treated with either open or arthroscopic surgery for posterior shoulder instability.
Bilateral medial epicondyle fractures with elbow dislocations in an adolescent female athlete

To date, only two cases of bilateral elbow dislocations with medial epicondyle fractures have been reported. The current case is an 11-year-old girl who sustained bilateral elbow dislocations with medial epicondyle fractures by landing on extended elbows while performing a back handspring on a trampoline. Closed reduction and splinting were performed in the emergency room. Open reduction with screw fixation of the medial epicondyle fractures was performed in the operating room. Post-operatively, the patient was splinted for eight days followed by range of motion exercises. She returned to full sports participation at 15 weeks. On final follow-up 24 months later, the patient had full range of motion, normal strength, and normal neurovascular examination. Compared to the two previous case reports in the literature, this is the only case report demonstrating full range of motion, full strength, and full return to sports after bilateral elbow dislocation with medial epicondyle fractures. Keys to complete reco...
Public Anthropology in 2015: Charlie Hebdo, Black Lives Matter, Migrants, and More

In this review essay, I focus on how anthropologists have addressed salient public issues such as the European refugee and migrant crisis, the Black Lives Matter movement, and the attack on the Paris office of the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo. Public anthropology relies on slow ethnography and fast responses to breaking news stories. It is theoretically informed but reaches out to audiences beyond the academy. Drawing on proliferating anthropological contributions to news media and blogs, as well as scholarly articles and books, I explore how anthropologists today counter grand narratives such as the “clash of civilizations”; how they grapple with risky popular misconceptions of culture, difference, and suffering; and how they surface less visible forms of compassion, care, and solidarity that have long sustained our species. The challenges of this era of growing polarization and anti-intellectualism appear to have energized rather than quieted public anthropology. [public anthropology, Charlie Hebdo,Black Lives Matter, migrants, year in review]
Plasmapheresis Improves the Suppressive Function of Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Fast-Progressing Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (P3.183)

Objective: To determine whether plasmapheresis restores regulatory T cell (Treg) suppressive function and lowers the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in patients with fast-progressing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Background: Tregs become dysfunctional with respect to their suppressive capabilities in ALS. Their degree of dysfunction correlates with the extent and rapidity of the disease. Tregs isolated from fast-progressing ALS patients regain their suppressive ability when expanded ex vivo (unpublished observation). This suggests that soluble factors in the blood may trigger Treg dysfunction, and raises the question as to whether such factors can be effectively removed by plasmapheresis. Experiments performed decades ago indicated that plasmapheresis did not alter the long-term clinical course in ALS. Here, we test the hypothesis that removing soluble factors enhances Treg suppressive function and mediates short-term clinical benefit. Methods: This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board and is currently ongoing in patients with fast-progressing ALS. Patients undergo 3 sessions of plasmapheresis in one week, followed by a 3-week off period, and then 3 more sessions of plasmapheresis. Before and after each week of plasmapheresis, clinical assessments are performed and blood samples are obtained. The suppressive capabilities of isolated Tregs are assessed on the proliferation of T effector cells. T-lymphocytes and their FoxP3 protein expression are assessed by flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory factors are measured by ELISA. Results: In preliminary studies, plasmapheresis improved the suppressive function and increased the percentage of Tregs. Levels of TNFα, IFNγ, IL-8, soluble TNF receptor 2, soluble CD14, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein clearly changed following plasmapheresis, possibly contributing to a brief plateauing of clinical status in patients on a rapid decline. Conclusions: Plasmapheresis appears to transiently improve Treg suppressive function and increase the percentage of Tregs. These data suggest that soluble factors in the blood contribute to impaired Treg suppressive capability. Disclosure: Dr. Thonhoff has nothing to disclose. Dr. Beers has received research support from Glaxo Smith Kline. Dr. Zhao has received research support from GlaxoSmithKline. Dr. Wen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lay has nothing to disclose. Dr. Thompson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leveque has nothing to disclose. Dr. Appel has received research support from Neuraltus, Inc., and GlaxoSmithKline.
Increased Lower Extremity Venous Stasis May Contribute to Deep Venous Thrombosis Formation after Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction-An Ultrasonographic Study.

Background Despite guideline-compliant prophylaxis, an increased rate of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) formation has been reported following autologous versus implant-based breast reconstruction. We hypothesized that tight abdominal fascia closure might decrease lower extremity venous return and promote venous stasis. Methods An observational crossover study of patients who underwent autologous breast reconstruction using transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous/deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps was conducted. Ultrasonographic measurements of the left common femoral vein (CFV) and right internal jugular vein (IJV) were performed preoperatively, in the postanesthesia care unit, and on postoperative day (POD) 1. Parameters of interest included vessel diameter, circumference, area, and maximum flow velocity. Results Eighteen patients with a mean age and body mass index of 52.7 years (range, 29–76 years) and 31.3 kg/m2 (range, 21.9–43.4 kg/m2) were included, respectively. A 29.8% increase in CFV diameter was observed on POD 1 (p Conclusion Postoperative changes observed in the CFV reflect increased lower extremity venous stasis after microsurgical breast reconstruction and may contribute to postoperative DVT formation.
GoPro Hero Cameras for Creation of a Three-Dimensional, Educational, Neurointerventional Video.

Neurointerventional education relies on an apprenticeship model, with the trainee observing and participating in procedures with the guidance of a mentor. While educational videos are becoming prevalent in surgical cases, there is a dearth of comparable educational material for trainees in neurointerventional programs. We sought to create a high-quality, three-dimensional video of a routine diagnostic cerebral angiogram for use as an educational tool. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram was recorded using two GoPro HERO 3+ cameras with the Dual HERO System to capture the proceduralist’s hands during the case. This video was edited with recordings from the video monitors to create a real-time three-dimensional video of both the actions of the neurointerventionalist and the resulting wire/catheter movements. The final edited video, in either two or three dimensions, can serve as another instructional tool for the training of residents and/or fellows. Additional videos can be created in a similar fashion of more complicated neurointerventional cases. The GoPro HERO 3+ camera and Dual HERO System can be used to create educational videos of neurointerventional procedures.
Examining the role of phosphorylation on interactions between the cardiac potassium channel alpha-subunits hERG and KvLQT1

KvLQT1 and hERG are the voltage-gated K+ channel α-subunits of the channels which carry the cardiac repolarizing currents IKs and IKr, respectively. These currents function in vivo with some redundancy to maintain appropriate action potential durations (APDs) in cardiomyocytes. As such, protein-protein interactions between hERG and KvLQT1 may be important in normal cardiac electrophysiology, as well as in arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Previous phenomenological observations of functional, mutual downregulation between these complementary repolarizing currents in transgenic rabbit models and cell culture have motivated our investigations into interactions between hERG and KvLQT1. These data suggest that a dynamic physical interaction between hERG and KvLQT1 modulates the respective currents. However, the mechanism by which HERG-KvLQT1 interactions are regulated is still poorly understood. Phosphorylation is thought to play a regulatory role in this process: modifying the phosphorylation state of each the proteins has been shown to alter channel kinetics, and both hERG and KvLQT1 are targets of the Ser/Thr protein kinase PKA, activated by elevated intracellular cAMP concentration. Through classic biochemical assays and quantitative FRET approaches, we aim to characterize the effects of phosphorylation in regulating interactions between KvLQT1 and hERG in cellular model systems. We have developed ion channel fusions to fluorescent proteins, which include hERG and KvLQT1 phosphonull and phosphomimetic mutants. We hypothesize that phosphorylation abrogates protein-protein interactions, as suggested by findings that increased cAMP levels leads to decreased hERG-KvLQT1 interaction. This work potentially furthers our understanding of hERG-KvLQT1 interactions and may elucidate mechanisms that underlie many types of arrhythmia as well as characterize novel interactions between two distinct potassium channel families.
Pediatric exposures to topical benzocaine preparations reported to a statewide poison control system

Background: Topical benzocaine is a local anesthetic commonly used to relieve pain caused by teething, periodontal irritation, burns, wounds, and insect bites. Oral preparations may contain benzocaine concentrations ranging from 7.5% to 20%. Pediatric exposure to such large concentrations may result in methemoglobinemia and secondarily cause anemia, cyanosis, and hypoxia. Methods: This is a retrospective study of exposures reported to a statewide poison control system. The electronic health records were queried for pediatric exposures to topical benzocaine treated at a healthcare facility from 2004 to 2014. Cases of benzocaine exposure were reviewed for demographic and clinical information, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: The query resulted in 157 cases; 58 were excluded due to co-ingestants, or miscoding of non-benzocaine exposures. Children four years of age and younger represented the majority of cases (93%) with a median age of 1 year. There were 88 cases of accidental/ exploratory exposure, while 6 cases resulted from therapeutic application or error, 4 cases from adverse reactions, and 1 case from an unknown cause. Asymptomatic children accounted for 75.5% of cases, but major clinical effects were observed in 5 patients. Those with serious effects were exposed to a range of benzocaine concentrations (7.5-20%), with 4 cases reporting methemoglobin levels between 20.2%-55%. Methylene blue was administered in 4 of the cases exhibiting major effects. Discussion: The majority of exposures were accidental ingestions by young children. Most exposures resulted in minor to no effects. However, some patients required treatment with methylene blue and admission to a critical care unit. Therapeutic application by parents or caregivers may lead to adverse effects from these commonly available products.
Reflecting on Functioning in Trigger Happy America.

Trigger warnings are posing serious threats to the ways that English educators can teach at the university level. If Aristotle – and Hillis-Miller years later – argue that literature must arouse an...
Validating Lung Models Using the ASL 5000 Breathing Simulator.

ObjectiveThis study sought to validate pediatric models with normal and altered pulmonary mechanics.MethodsPubMed and CINAHL databases were searched for studies directly measuring pulmonary mechanics of healthy infants and children, infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neuromuscular di
Stability, structure, and suppression of the martensitic transition temperature by B19′ compound twins in NiTi: ab initio and classical simulations

Abstract We present a combined ab initio and classical molecular dynamics study of the stability and structure of the two B19′ compound twin boundaries in NiTi: ( 100 ) and ( 001 ) . The role of these compound twins in suppressing the martensitic transition temperature in this material was also considered. At T = 0 K, DFT computations showed that the ( 001 ) twin is unstable to relaxation to B33. We determined from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, however, that this twin is stabilized at finite temperature due to entropic and anharmonic effects. To our knowledge, this is the first example of finite temperature stabilization of such a defect phase. The evolution of both twin structures with temperature was also investigated, showing distortion of the lattice parameters near the boundaries. Free energy calculations obtained for the ( 100 ) twin showed a suppression of the martensitic transition temperature of up ∼ 100 K depending on twin density. A smaller degree of suppression was seen for the ( 001 ) twin. This suppression is shown to be driven mainly by the internal energy of the interface, although at high twin densities and high temperatures, entropy also can play a significant role.
Voter initiatives and their impact on states budget balance

Abstract This paper examines how voters' initiatives used in 24 states affect state budget balance. The author first uses a qualitative approach to investigate the extent to which ballot initiatives are used and identifies the initiatives that have had significant impacts on state revenues and expenditures. The review shows that the impact of initiatives differs from a state to state. The heavy initiative user states have experienced substantial impact on their budgets. Second, as their impact on state budget is particularly significant during economic downturn, a linear regression analysis is performed to examine the relationship between the use of initiatives and state budget balance measured in terms of the state budget gap as percentage of FY 2010 general fund. The regression analysis shows that the number of expenditure-induced initiatives have a statistically significant effect on state budget gap, while revenue-restrained measures (e.g. number of tax-limiting measures and the use of super majority or popular vote to approve tax increase) only marginally affect the FY 2010 budget gap.
Résistance culturelle aux Comores - Soeuf Elbadawi et le blog de Muzdalifa House

Cet article etudie le blog que Soeuf Elbadawi et d’autres auteurs comoriens tiennent pour Muzdalifa House, un centre culturel de Moroni anime par Elbadawi, et analyse certains echos entre le blog et l’œuvre d’Elbadawi. Elbadawi s’eleve contre toute forme de separation entre Mayotte (departement et region de la France depuis 2011) et l’Union des Comores. Il denonce les drames causes par cette separation, et parmi eux la mort de milliers de migrants entre Anjouan et Mayotte.
From Collegial to Collaborative – A Model for Building Trust and Partnership in Information Technology

Colleges and universities compete for students, faculty, and business, industry, and research partnerships with quality programs, strong faculty, research opportunities, affordable cost, and high student success factors. Yet, at the infrastructure level, most of these institutions provide many similar information technology services and support. On top of this, many of these institutions struggle to provide this quality infrastructure because of a variety of factors, including: shrinking budgets, minimal strategic planning, and a lack of institutional vision of information technology as a strategic asset. This presentation will showcase best practice examples of how higher education institutions can band together, to create strong consortium relationships that can help all partners in this relationship move forward as a strong force. Examples will include actual successes experienced by the Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education’s Distance Learning Advisory Committee (DLAC), the Washington Legislative Technology Transformation Taskforce (TTT), and the Washington Higher Education Technology Consortium (WHETC). These successes range from statewide strategic planning efforts, to significant consortial purchasing contracts, to collaborative technology systems, services, and training opportunities. This presentation will show that institutions can be stronger working together than working individually.
Patterns of psychiatric service use by homeless mentally ill clients.

The objective of this study was to describe the patterns of service use of homeless mentally ill clients prior to and for two years following an admission to Skid Row Mental Health (SRMH) services in Los Angeles during a recent year (N = 268). Twenty clients were still at SRMH two years later. These clients were older and more likely to be female; most of their prior service use was at SRMH. For the majority of the 124 clients in the second group, those who had been discharged and not readmitted, the index admission was their only admission. The 124 clients in the third group, those with admissions after the index admission, had long histories in the system. Cluster analysis showed distinct patterns in service use during the follow-up period. Knowledge of patterns of service use by homeless mentally ill persons will enhance understanding of interventions which have the greatest chance of success.
Power and Control Dynamics in Prestalking and Stalking Situations

Power and control have often been addressed in the domestic violence literature (e.g. [Babcock, J. C., Waltz, J., Jacobson, N. S., & Gottman, J. M. (1993). Cassidy, M. A. (1995). Ehrensaft, M. K., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., Heyman, R. E., O'Leary, K. D., & Lawrence, E. (1999). Gondolf, E. W. (1995). Tang, C. S. (1999). Umberson, D. Anderson, K. Glick, J., & Shapiro, A. (1998). This exploratory study adds to the extant literature by examining the role of power and control in stalking situations and in the prior relationship between the stalker and victim. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 187 women stalked by former intimate partners. Content analysis of the interview transcripts revealed the exercise of control financially, psychologically/emotionally, socially, and physically in many of the prior relationships and stalking situations. A greater number of victims reported social and physical control than psychological, financial, and sexual control during the prior relationship. Psychological control during the stalking was reported by nearly all victims, and social control during stalking was reported by over two thirds. Fewer than half of the victims reported physical assault during the stalking, and just over a quarter reported financially controlling behaviors.
The relationship of body fat content to deep muscle temperature and isometric endurance in man.

1. The relationship between body fat content, isometric endurance and deep muscle temperature was assessed in eight male and female volunteers trained to static effort. 2. Muscle temperature, measured in the belly of the brachioradialis muscle, was found to be directly related to the subjects9 body fat content. 3. Associated with a reduction in body fat content, there was a marked decrease in deep muscle temperature and an increase in isometric endurance of the hand-grip muscles; no change in strength was noted. 4. Conversely, an increase in body fat content resulted in an increase in deep muscle temperature and a decrease in isometric endurance. 5. When muscle temperature was stabilized before and after weight loss by immersing the forearm in water at 37°C, a reduction in body fat no longer influenced endurance. 6. It was concluded that the change in isometric endurance associated with either loss or gain of weight can be accounted for entirely by the changes in muscle temperature.
The Generalized Pencil-Of-Function (GPOF) Method for Extracting Poles from Transient Responses

The generalized penci1-of-function (GPOF) method for extracting the poles of EM (electromagnetic) systems from their transient responses is presented. The GPOF method solves a generalized eigenvalue problem to find the poles. This is in contrast to the conventional Prony and Penci1-of- Function (POF) methods which yield the solution in two steps, namely, the solution of an ill-conditioned matrix equation and finding the roots of a polynomial. To optimize the performance of the GPOF method, the subspace decomposition approach is used. The GPOF method has advantages over the Prony method in both computation and noise sensitivity, and it approaches the Cramer-Rao bound when SNR is above threshold. To further lower the threshold of the GPOF method, a circular weighting matrix is proposed. An application of the GPOF method to a thin-wire target is also presented.
The impact of using video games and/or virtual environments in pre-service elementary teacher science education

The purpose of this work is to share findings in using video games and/or virtual environments to facilitate the understanding of basic science concepts with pre-service elementary teachers. We explored the impact of using a game called Supercharged! on pre-service teachers' understanding of electromagnetic concepts compared to students who conducted more traditional inquiry oriented investigations. Additionally, we looked at how students responded to learning about water quality through their participation in the virtual environment known as Quest Atlantis.
Lipocalin-2 is dispensable in inflammation-induced sickness and depression-like behavior.

While the relationship between inflammation and depression is well-established, the molecular mechanisms mediating this relationship remain unclear. RNA sequencing analysis comparing brains of vehicle- and lipopolysaccharide-treated mice revealed LCN2 among the most dysregulated genes. As LCN2 is known to be an important regulator of the immune response to bacterial infection, we investigated its role in the behavioral response to lipopolysaccharide. To explore the role of LCN2 in modulating behavior following lipopolysaccharide administration using wild type (WT) and lcn2−/− mice. Using a within-subjects design, mice were treated with 0.33 mg/kg liposaccharide (LPS) and vehicle. Primary outcome measures included body weight, food consumption, voluntary wheel running, sucrose preference, and the tail suspension test. To evaluate the inflammatory response, 1 week later, mice were re-administered either vehicle or LPS and terminated at 6 h. While lcn2−/− mice had increased baseline food consumption and body weight, they showed a pattern of reduced food consumption and weight loss similar to WT mice in response to LPS. WT and lcn2−/− mice both recovered voluntary activity on the fourth day following LPS. LPS induced equivalent reductions in sucrose preference and TST immobility in the WT and lcn2−/− mice. Finally, there were no significant effects of genotype on inflammatory markers. Our data demonstrate that lcn2 is dispensable for sterile inflammation-induced sickness and depression-like behavior. Specifically, lcn2−/− mice displayed sickness and immobility in the tail suspension test comparable to that of WT mice both in terms of intensity and duration.
Using GVV Methodologies in Accounting Ethics Engages Students in Higher-Order Thinking

The application of using GVV methodologies in an ethics class shows how higher-order thinking isnurtured to create a solid culture for ethical operations in organizations especially in the post-Enron era. Educators of ethics have learned invaluable lessons that impact the global society. GVV methodologies allow students to practice ways of handling fraud-prone situations, which are encountered in the real world. The experiential benefits gained can be utilized in training courses as managers go about creating cultural environments in the work place. The GVV application is masterful in helping managers as well as accounting educators to develop cultures that are fraud free in the work world.
Prevention and Treatment of Duchenne Cardiomyopathy with Hydrogen Sulfide-Donor Therapy

Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most frequently inherited human myopathy and represents the most devastating type of muscular dystrophy. This progressive disease is caused by X-...
Radiation Emergencies: Dogs and Cats.

Exposure of companion animals to large, clinically significant amounts of ionizing radiation is unlikely. However, accidental release of large amounts of radiation has occurred in the past and nuclear terrorism is possible. If an incident occurs, early reaction to the emergency will be by traditional first responders, followed rapidly by responses from state and federal emergency personnel. In these events, it is possible that veterinarians will be called upon to assist by helping to evaluate animals for contamination and/or exposure, perform initial lifesaving tasks, and decontaminate people’s pets. Therefore, veterinarians and other veterinary professionals should have a basic understanding of how radiation exposure may occur, what is happening, the possible effects on companion animals and how to provide veterinary care and assistance in a radiation emergency.
Attention impairment in children with primary nocturnal enuresis: an event-related potentials study

Objective To explore the neural mechanism of attention impairment in children with primary nocturnal enuresis. Methods ERPs elicited by performing the continuous operation test(CPT) were assessed in 20 children with primary nocturnal enuresis and 20 normal children. The Go/Nogo measurements of enuretic group at central scalp(Cz) were compared with the normal children and analyzed. Results 1.Behavior results: there was no significant difference in the reaction time, the correct number and the false number between primary nocturnal enuresis and control group(P>0.05). 2. ERP: (1)Go stimulate: the latency of Go-N2 and P3 of the children with primary nocturnal enuresis were longer than the normal control group(Go-N2: (326.80±46.40)ms vs (295.90±38.27)ms, P3: (438.80±62.60)ms vs (402.60±39.74)ms), and the difference had statistic significance(P 0.05). ②Latency: the latency of Nogo-P2 of the children with primary nocturnal enuresis was longer than that of the normal control group((214.10±27.85)ms vs (198.30±19.16)ms), and the difference had statistic significance(P 0.05). Conclusion Attention impairment in children with primary nocturnal enuresis might be caused by the information processing speed and conflict monitoring function obstacle, but it is not because the reactive inhibition dysfunction, thus result in the lack of arousal function and bedwetting. Key words: Primary nocturnal enuresis; Attention impairment; Event-related potential
Estimating the term structure of corporate bond liquidity premiums: An analysis of default free bank bonds

Abstract Using proxies for conversion cost parameters in conjunction with a special set of default free corporate bonds, we empirically establish that the term structure of liquidity spreads was positively sloped in the financial crisis period of 2008 and negatively sloped in the subsequent post crisis period. Importantly, these results indicate the segment of the term structure that provides the largest liquidity premiums to lenders for alternative economic scenarios. At the same time, for different financial epochs, the liquidity spreads associated with different times to maturity are clear to those who issue debt.
THU0259 The risk factors for pain in lower extremities joints in university students of physical culture

Background Musculoskeletal pain is a very common complaint. Its prevalence increases with age but it is experienced also by young individuals. In a previous study concerning prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in joints of upper and lower extremities among university students of physical culture it was found that it occurred within the year in 45,9% of the whole group. Students complained of pain the most frequently in lower extremities joints (35,0%) while pain in upper extremities joints was reported by 20,87% of them. This study is a further step to find the most important factors influencing the occurrence of pain in lower extremities joints in this group. Objectives To determine the risk factors of the occurrence of pain in lower extremities joints in university students of physical culture. Methods The study was performed on 503 university students of physical culture, mean age 22,6 yrs (20–28 yrs), 218 women and 285 men. The subjects received a questionnaire concerning questions about musculoskeletal disorders in last 12 months. A reported joint pain had to last for at least 24 h to be considered as relevant. The questionnaire included also question about psycho-social factors, families, smoking habits and many other aspects of everyday life. The questionnaire was responded by 95,8% of students. The potential relationship of the investigated 27 variables was assessed in multivariate logistic regression model and then the role of significant variables was counted as relative risk with 95% of confidence interval in univariate logistic regression model. For statistical evaluation of the data STATA 5.0 software was used. Results Multivariate logistic regression has revealed that in women only stress related to personal problems (OR 2,3; CI 1,3–4,1), treatment for any long-lasting disease (OR 6,12; CI 1,9–20,1), frequent headaches (OR 2,1; CI 1,1–3,7) were significantly related to reporting pain in lower extremities joints. In male students reporting joint pain in lower extremities was significantly associated with body height (there was less pain for tall subjects, OR 0,4; CI 0,2–0,8), conflict with lecturers or teachers (OR 2,0; CI 1,2–3,5) and also with bringing up children (OR 3,0; CI 0,9–9,8). In both male and female students there were other risk factors of back pain like abdominal pain, conflicts with fellow students or smoking however the were not independent ones in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion In female and male students pain in lower extremities joints was associated with some other health problems or with stress. In males also bringing up children influenced significantly occurrence of pain in lower extremities joints.
On how a joint interaction of two innocent partners (smooth advection & linear damping) produces a strong intermittency

Forced advection of passive scalar by a smooth $d$-dimensional incompressible velocity in the presence of a linear damping is studied. Acting separately advection and dumping do not lead to an essential intermittency of the steady scalar statistics, while being mixed together produce a very strong non-Gaussianity in the convective range: $q$-th (positive) moment of the absolute value of scalar difference, $ $ is proportional to $r^{\xi_{q}}$, $\xi _{q}=\sqrt{d^{2}/4+\alpha dq/[ (d-1)D]}-d/2$, where $\alpha /D$ measures the rate of the damping in the units of the stretching rate. Probability density function (PDF) of the scalar difference is also found.
Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation of an Adult with a Cleft Lip and Palate: An Illustration of a Dental Substitution Approach for the Management of Unilateral Agenesis of Central and Lateral Incisors:

Cleft lip and Palate (CLP) is the most common craniofacial condition. Management of patients with clefts often requires multi-disciplinary rehabilitation of the orofacial structures. This case repo...
Diverging in vitro inflammatory responses toward Streptococcus uberis in mouse macrophages either preconditioned or continuously treated with β-hydroxybutyrate

Abstract Hyperketonemia is a common condition in early-lactation dairy cows that has been associated with an increase in the risk of infectious disease. Recent mouse studies have elucidated an anti-inflammatory effect of the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether BHB altered inflammatory responses in macrophages challenged with the common mastitis pathogen Streptococcus uberis. A secondary objective was to determine whether the inflammatory response to the S. uberis challenge was dependent on whether BHB was present in the medium during the challenge (i.e., preconditioned vs. continuous treatment). Two cell culture experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 line) were preconditioned with BHB (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mM) for 24 h; the medium was then replaced with a standard cell culture medium, and the cells were challenged or not with S. uberis for an additional 6 h. In the second experiment, a similar protocol was used; however, cells were preconditioned with BHB (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 mM) for 24 h, the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing the same concentration of BHB, and cells were either challenged or not with S. uberis for 6 h. In both experiments, relative transcript abundance of cell membrane receptors (Tlr2 and Gpr109a), cytokines (Il1b, Il10, Tnf, and Tgfb1), and chemokines (Cxcl2 and Ccl5) were determined using quantitative real-time PCR and normalized against the geometric mean of Hprt and B2m. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model, and orthogonal contrasts were conducted to examine the effect of S. uberis challenge and BHB treatment. Streptococcus uberis activated the macrophages, noted by greater transcript abundance of analyzed genes. Intriguingly, in both experiments, the S. uberis challenge increased expression of Gpr109a, which encodes a receptor that is ligated by BHB. Paradoxically, preconditioning macrophages with BHB increased transcript abundance of the immunosuppressive cytokine Tgfb1 and increased that of the neutrophil chemoattractant Cxcl2. Preconditioning decreased Tlr2 and tended to decrease Il10 transcript abundance. In opposition to the preconditioning experiment, continuous treatment of BHB during the S. uberis challenge linearly increased abundance of Tlr2 and Il10 transcripts. Continuous BHB treatment also increased expression of Il1b. In conclusion, BHB treatment altered macrophage inflammatory responses during an S. uberis challenge; however, the direction of this response was dependent on whether BHB was added to the medium during the S. uberis challenge. Future studies should be conducted using bovine macrophages and in vivo approaches to examine BHB effects during an S. uberis challenge.
Exploring risk factors of food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) in U.S. college students

Current research examining mental health and history of childhood trauma as risk factors of food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is limited. College students may be at greater risk to engage in FAD behaviors because of the common co-occurrence of alcohol misuse and disordered eating behaviors within college populations. Therefore, the current study examined anxiety, depression, and adverse childhood experiences as possible risk factors of FAD behaviors in a college student sample. Two-hundred and seven undergraduate students from a large Midwest university completed a cross-sectional survey assessing history of adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, FAD behaviors, and frequency of alcohol use. Current symptoms of generalized anxiety were significantly associated with engagement in FAD behaviors (Alcohol Effects subscale, β = 0.13, F(1, 204) = 4.10, p = 0.04; Bulimia subscale, β = 0.17, F(1, 204) = 6.19, p = 0.01; Diet and Exercise subscale, β = 0.19, F(1, 204) = 9.05, p < 0.01). Adverse childhood experiences were associated with engagement in FAD behaviors (Alcohol Effects subscale, β = 0.14, F(1, 204) = 4.27, p = 0.04). Current depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with FAD behaviors. Study findings suggest that students who experience greater current symptoms of anxiety are at a greater risk to engage in FAD behaviors. Further understanding the role of anxiety in the development and maintenance of FAD behaviors may provide clinically useful information for the prevention and treatment of FAD behaviors. These findings highlight the need for further research to examine psychological distress as a risk factor for engagement in FAD behaviors longitudinally, in a larger, more diverse study sample. Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
Boron nitride nanotubes enhance mechanical properties of fibers from nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol dispersions

Effectively translating the promising properties of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) into macroscopic assemblies has vast potential for applications, such as thermal management materials and protective fabrics against hazardous environment. We spun fibers from aqueous dispersions of BNNTs in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions by a wet spinning method. Our results demonstrate that BNNTs/PVA fibers exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, which are affected by the nanotube and PVA concentrations, and the coagulation solvent utilized. Compared to the neat PVA fibers, we obtained roughly 4.3-, 12.7-, and 1.5-fold increases in the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and toughness, respectively, for the highest performing BNNTs/PVA fibers produced from dispersions containing as low as 0.1 mass% of nanotube concentration. Among the coagulation solvents tested, we found that solvents with higher polarity such as methanol and ethanol generally produced fibers with improved mechanical properties, where the fiber toughness shows a strong correlation with solvent polarity. These findings provide insights into assembling BNNTs-based fibers with improved mechanical properties for developing unique applications.
Critical Assessment 14: High entropy alloys and their development as structural materials

AbstractThe field of high entropy alloys has exploded in its first 10 years. Vast opportunities for new compositions and microstructures are offered by this idea, but current efforts have become surprisingly focused on a narrow set of systems and on the search for single phase solid solution alloys. This perspective outlines the challenge to re-engage the full range of compositional and microstructural complexity in the search for new structural metals. We draw on extensive experience in the development of exquisite multiphase microstructures and define new high throughput experiments and computations that must be integrated to respond to this challenge. Broadening the scope is expected to provide dramatic new opportunities in the field of complex concentrated alloys.
Backward stability for polynomial maps with locally connected Julia sets

We study topological dynamics on unshielded planar continua with weak expanding properties at cycles for which we prove that the absence of wandering continua implies backward stability. Then we deduce from this that a polynomial f with a locally connected Julia set is backward stable outside any neighborhood of its attracting and neutral cycles. For a conformal measure μ this easily implies that one of the following holds: 1. for μ-a.e. x E J(f), ω(x) = J(f); 2. for μ-a.e. x ∈ J(f), ω(x) = ω(c(x)) for a critical point c(x) depending on x.
A robust V/f based sensorless MTPA control strategy for IPM drives

This paper presents a V/f control strategy for interior permanent-magnet motor (IPM) drives providing maximum torque per ampere (MTPA). It is well known that accurate rotor position information is required for vector control of interior permanent-magnet motors. As an alternative for low cost applications, open-loop V/f control method can also be employed which is inherently unstable and appropriate for narrow speed range. The proposed V/f control strategy not only delivers stable operation in a wide speed range, but also achieves stable maximum torque generation with integrated MTPA block. This close-loop V/f control algorithm includes two feedback stabilizing loops based on the rotating axis current response during the transients. One stabilizing loop is for voltage vector amplitude compensation and the other one is for voltage vector angle correction. Since no sensor or observer is required for rotor position estimation, it is an ideal alternative for cost-sensitive, low-end variable speed applications. Theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental results are provided in this paper to validate the fidelity of the proposed strategy.
A high incidence of prophage carriage among natural isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The majority (591 of 791, or 76%) of Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates examined showed the presence of two or more chromosomal SmaI fragments that hybridized with the lytA-specific DNA probe. Only one of these fragments, frequently having an approximate molecular size of 90 kb, was shown to carry the genetic determinant of the pneumococcal autolysin (N-acetylmuramic acid-l-alanine amidase). Strains carrying multiple copies of lytA homologues included both antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant isolates as well as a number of different serotypes and strains recovered from geographic sites on three continents. Mitomycin C treatment of strains carrying several lytA-hybridizing fragments caused the appearance of extrachromosomal DNA hybridizing to the lytA gene, followed by lysis of the bacteria. Such lysates contained phage particles detectable by electron microscopy. The findings suggest that the lytA-hybridizing fragments in excess of the host lytA represent components of pneumococcal bacteriophages. The high proportion of clinical isolates carrying multiple copies of lytA indicates the widespread occurrence of lysogeny, which may contribute to genetic variation in natural populations of pneumococci.
Electrocardiographic predictors of sudden cardiac death in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.

Background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), and improvements in risk stratification methodology are warranted. Methods We evaluated electrocardiographic intervals as potential markers of SCD risk in LVH. Corrected QT, QRS, and JT intervals were evaluated in consecutive cases with SCD and LVH from the ongoing Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death study who underwent a 12-lead electrocardiogram (EKG) and echocardiogram prior to and unrelated to the SCD event. Comparisons of age, gender, body mass index, LV ejection fraction, and EKG intervals together with clinical conditions (hypertension and diabetes) were conducted with geographically matched controls that had coronary artery disease but no history of ventricular arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. LVH was determined using the modified American Society of Echocardiography equation for LV mass. Independent samples t-test, Pearson's chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical comparisons. Results Of the 109 cases and 49 controls who met study criteria, age, gender, and comorbidities were similar among cases and controls. The mean LV mass index was not significantly different in cases compared to controls. However mean QTc (470.6 ± 53.6 ms vs 440.7 ± 38.7 ms; P < 0.0001) and QRS duration (113.6 ± 30.0 ms vs 104.9 ± 18.7 ms; P = 0.03) were significantly higher in cases than controls. In logistic regression analysis, prolonged QTc was the only EKG interval significantly associated with SCD (OR 1.72 [1.23–2.40]). Conclusion Prolonged QTc was independently associated with SCD among subjects with LVH and merits further evaluation as a predictor of SCD in LVH.