cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ignition of PTFE-lined flexible hoses by rapid pressurization with oxygen

A high-volume pneumatic-impact system has been used to test PTFE-lined stainless steel braided hoses, in order to characterize the roles played in the mechanism of oxygen-induced ignition by impact pressure, pressurization rate, and upstream and downstream volumes of the hose. Ignitions are noted to have occurred at impact pressures well below the working pressure of the hoses, as well as at pressurization rates easily obtainable through manual operation of valves. The use of stainless steel hardlines downstream of the hose prevented ignitions at all pressures and pressurization rates; internal observations have shown evidence of shock ionization in the oxygen prior to ignition.
Cyclic Guanosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate in the Dimorphic Fungus Mucor racemosus

The dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus was found to contain the cyclic nucleotide guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP). Approximately equivalent amounts of the compound were found in ungerminated spores, yeastlike cells, and mycelia. Germinating spores contained severalfold higher amounts of cGMP than the other cell forms. cGMP levels did not change significantly during the morphogenetic conversion of yeast to mycelia. Added exogenous cGMP or the dibutyryl derivative did not influence cell morphology in any way and did not alter the effect that cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate has upon cell morphology.
Embracing the Power of Archives

In my dream I am entering a temple. Its ornate facCade and tall spires give me hope. I will find enlightenment here. I push open the massive door and enter. The door clangs shut behind me. I am in a dimly lit room with high windows that prevent the sunlight from reaching me. Despite the heat outside it is cool here. A security guard approaches. The temple has become a prison.The guard tells me to surrender my pens and put my briefcase in a locker. I sit at a table. Guards and security cameras watch me constantly to prevent escape or theft. I realize that I am hungry. A young woman hands me a menu. The prison is now a restaurant."What do you want?" the waitress asks. The menu she hands me does not list food items, only the names of food creators—General Mills, Vlasic Foods International, Kraft Foods, Hormel. "May I suggest something local?" She pulls down a menu for Touch of the Bayou, Inc. It lists a series of categories, including the Bayou Magic brand. "Bring me some Bayou Magic, please," I politely req...
The Role of Microprocessors in Future Automotive Electronics

After the introduction to automotive electronics in the mid 1970s, microprocessor-based automotive technology matured quickly in the 1980s as semiconductor manufacturers and automotive designers learned to work together to solve ever more challenging automotive problems. As we enter the 1990s, it is clear that microprocessor technology has become an essential technology for future automotive electronics. As advances in semiconductor technology allow more functions on a single chip, issues of reduced design cycle times have become a serious challenge. This paper explores these and other problems and discusses how semiconductor and automotive manufacturers can work together to develop solutions.
Plasmodium suppresses expansion of T cell responses to heterologous infections

Plasmodium remains a major pathogen causing malaria and impairing defense against other infections. Defining how Plasmodium increases susceptibility to heterologous pathogens may lead to interventions that mitigate the severity of coinfections. Previous studies proposed that reduced T cell responses during coinfections are due to diminished recruitment of naive T cells through infection-induced decreases in chemokine CCL21. We found that, although Listeria infections reduced expression of CCL21 in murine spleens, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific T cell responses were not impaired during Listeria + LCMV coinfection, arguing against a major role for this chemokine in coinfection-induced T cell suppression. In our experiments, Plasmodium yoelii infection led to a reduced CD8 + T cell response to a subsequent Listeria infection. We propose an alternative mechanism whereby P. yoelii suppresses Listeria -specific T cell responses. We found that Listeria -specific T cells expanded more slowly and resulted in lower numbers in response to coinfection with P. yoelii . Mathematical modeling and experimentation revealed greater apoptosis of Listeria -specific effector T cells as the main mechanism, because P. yoelii infections did not suppress the recruitment or proliferation rates of Listeria -specific T cells. Our results suggest that P. yoelii infections suppress immunity to Listeria by causing increased apoptosis in Listeria -specific T cells, resulting in a slower expansion rate of T cell responses.
ROLE OF THE TRYPTOPHAN FLUORESCENT STATE IN THE ULTRAVIOLET-INDUCED INACTIVATION OF β-TRYPSIN*

Stern-Volmer quenching constants for BETA -trypsin at pH 3 were determined for fluorescence quenching by histidine, acrylamide, and nitrate ion. A modified Stern-Volmer plot STALehrer, Biochem, l0,3254, (1971)! was employed to show that all of the fluorescent tryptophanyl residues of BETA -trypsin were equaily susceptible to quenching by acrylamide at pH 3 when the enzyme was either in its native conformation or denatured in 6M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl). Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicated that acrylamide quenched BETA - trypsin fluorescence by a purely collisional mechanism. Solvation of tryptophanyl residues of the protein was maximal at 2.5M GuHCl, as monitored by fluorescence emission wavelength. Investigations of the ultraviolet-induced inactivation of BETA -trypsin at 295 nm were performed in the presence of acrylamide at pH 3. The quantum yields for enzyme inactivation and indole destruction (determined using the PDAB reagent) were unchanged upon depopulation of the fluorescent state by 65%, whether the enzyme was in its native conformation or denatured by 6M GuHCl. It is concluded that the fluorescent state of tryptophanyl residues of BETA -trypsin is not involved in enzyme inactivation or tryptophan destruction. (auth)
Pavlovian conditioning: a functional perspective

From a functional perspective, Pavlovian conditioning involves learning about conditioned stimuli (CSs) that have a pre-existing relation to an unconditioned stimulus (US) rather than learning about arbitrary or neutral CSs. In addition, the most important product of learning involves changes in how the organism responds to the US, not in how it responds to the CS, because the US is the more biologically relevant stimulus. These concepts are illustrated using examples from a variety of behavioral and physiological situations including caloric intake and digestion, breast feeding, poison-avoidance learning, eyeblink conditioning, sexual conditioning, fear conditioning, aggression, and drug tolerance and sensitization.
Automatic Reconnaissance-Based Target-Coordinate Determinations

The imaging reconnaissance sensors being increasingly used today for intelligence gathering activities provide data more rapidly than it can be exploited for many intelligence purposes. One exploitation task typically performed on reconnaissance imagery is the determination of the geographical coordinates of targets and features of interest. Because the current techniques used to perform this task rely heavily on time-consuming and error-prone manual methods, a totally automatic technique for determining target coordinates is needed. The automatic technique proposed herein relies on current image correlation/matching technologies.
Comparative Studies of Amino-Acids in Shell Structures of Gyraulus trochiformis, Stahl, from the Tertiary of Steinheim, Germany

Comparative Studies of Amino-Acids in Shell Structures of Gyraulus trochiformis, Stahl, from the Tertiary of Steinheim, Germany
The Southern Oscillation. Part II: Associations with Changes in the Middle Troposphere in the Northern Winter

Abstract We have investigated the relationship between the extremes of the Southern Oscillation and the following quantities at 700 mb in winter, 1948/1949 to 1978/1979: eddy transfer of sensible heat, temperature, geopotential height and geostrophic wind. In the phase of the Southern Oscillation when pressures are high over the tropical South Indian Ocean and low over the tropical South Pacific Ocean, in contrast with the opposite pressure distribution, the zonal mean poleward flux of sensible heat in the quasistationary waves tends to be higher in middle latitudes; the temperatures and heights tend to be lower between 30 and 60°N with the maximum difference at 45°N; the geostrophic wind tends to be stronger south of 45°N and weaker to the north; and the transfer of sensible heat by the transient waves tends to be stronger south of 45°S, and weaker to the north. In this extreme of the Southern Oscillation the zonal mean geostrophic wind on both hemispheres is stronger in the subtropics and weaker at high...
Fusion of peritoneal histocytes with formation of giant cells.

IN the course of work on histiocytes which accumulate in the peritoneal cavity following the injection therein of mineral oil, tritium-labelled thymidine was injected at various intervals after the oil. (Tritium-labelled thymidine was obtained from Schwartz Biochemical Co. and was administered intraperitoneally in the amount of 0.5 mc./gm. body-weight in a volume for 50 ml. Tyrode solution warmed to 37° C.) The histiocytes were collected from the rabbits using Tyrode solution and were maintained on cover-slips in Leighton tubes, in a medium consisting of 40 per cent normal rabbit serum in Tyrode solution. Smears examined by autoradiography showed frequent instances of histiocytos containing two or more nuclei. It became apparent that at least some of these binucleate and polynucleate cells did not arise from dividing cells which failed to separate because in many cases only one of the nuclei was labelled (Fig. 1).
Fire Resistance of Phosphazene Rubber Coated Fabrics

As a result of research sponsored by the U.S. Army a new class of rubbers, with an attractive combination of properties has been developed. One of their outstanding characteristics is inherent fire re sistance. To evaluate their efficiency as fire resistant coatings, two weights of polyester fabric were coated and evaluated. The data show a superiority in flame resistance for these materials over a currently used polychloro prene/chlorosulfonated polyethylene coated polyester fabric.
Adenomatous polyp in defunctionalized colonic segment used as a urinary bladder

For transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, an eighty-two-year-old man underwent cystoprostatectomy. His urine was diverted to a defunctionalized right colonic segment used to replace his bladder. Four months after the surgery, gross hematuria appeared; endoscopy disclosed an adenomatous polyp in the substitute bladder. We review the incidence and origin of neoplasia in colonic segments used for urinary diversion.
Visualizing the mode evolution process in passive and active cavities based on the NIW-Principle

This paper will present results of computer models depicting the evolution of diffractive processes through passive and active cavities (traditional stable resonator and single mode fiber) as the number of passes (or the length of propagation) increases. The objective is to visualize how the spatially stable eigen-modes evolve with propagation. Our core assumptions are the validity of the Huygens-Fresnel hypothesis of secondary wavelets and the recently articulated Non- Interaction of Waves (NIW) principle in this conference series. The NIW-principle implies that even the diffracted secondary wavelets propagate conjointly but without re-arranging their spatial energy distribution unless one inserts some interacting material medium within the diffracting beam. Accordingly, we anticipate that the evolution of the measurable energy distribution in the diffraction pattern will be different in the presence of gain medium whose gain profile varies in the direction orthogonal to the cavity axis. We also anticipate that a cavity with high gain profile will generate the stable spatial eigen-mode with a fewer number of passes through the cavity than with lower gain, or no gain. We will also present the mode evolution process when the seed signal is a pulse of length that is shorter than that of the cavity. We believe this paper will provide useful insights to the students who are introduced to the concept of spatially well defined Gaussian laser modes for the first time.
Generating sharp panoramas from motion-blurred videos

In this paper, we show how to generate a sharp panorama from a set of motion-blurred video frames. Our technique is based on joint global motion estimation and multi-frame deblurring. It also automatically computes the duty cycle of the video, namely the percentage of time between frames that is actually exposure time. The duty cycle is necessary for allowing the blur kernels to be accurately extracted and then removed. We demonstrate our technique on a number of videos.
Development and Evaluation of a Prototype Solid Particle Receiver: On-Sun Testing and Model Validation

A prototype direct absorption central receiver, called the solid particle receiver (SPR), was built and evaluated on-sun at power levels up to 2.5 MW th at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM. The SPR consists of a 6 m tall cavity through which spherical sintered bauxite particles are dropped and directly heated with concentrated solar energy. In principle, the particles can be efficiently heated to a temperature in excess of 900°C, well beyond the stability limit of existing nitrate salt formulations. The heated particles may then be stored in a way analogous to nitrate salt systems, enabling a dispatchable thermal input to power or fuel production cycles. The focus of this current effort was to provide an experimental basis for the validation of computational models that have been created to support improved designs and further development of the solid particle receiver. In this paper we present information on the design and construction of the solid particle receiver and discuss the development of a computational fluid dynamics model of the prototype. We also present experimental data and model comparisons for on-sun testing of the receiver over a range of input power levels from 1.58―2.51 MW th . Model validation is performed using a number of metrics including particle velocity, exit temperature, and receiver efficiency. In most cases, the difference between the model predictions and data is less than 10%.
The Hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Iren Dabasu Fauna (People's Republic of China, Late Cretaceous

ABSTRACT The oldest well-known hadrosaurid fauna (from Iren Dabasu, People's Republic of China) includes undescribed cranial material, primarily the prefrontals, which indicates the presence of a true lambeosaurine that bore a hollow supracranial crest. The lambeosaurine taxon Bactrosaurus johnsoni Gilmore (1933) is redefined based on this material, while the hadrosaurine skull elements formerly attributed to this form are now assigned to Gilmoreosaurus mongoliensis.
On Converging Shock Waves

An approximate theory of shock dynamics is used to study the behaviour of converging cylindrical shocks. For cylindrical shocks with regular polygonal-shaped cross sections, exact solutions are found, showing that an original polygonal shape repeats at successive intervals with successive contractions in scale. In this sense, these shapes are stable, and the successive Mach numbers increase according to exactly the same formula as for a circular cylindrical shock. The behaviour for initial shock shapes close to these and the general tendency of perturbed circular shapes to become polygonal, not necessarily regular, is explored numerically. Further analytical results are provided for rectangular shapes. Comments are made on the interpretation of regular reflection in this theory and on converging shocks in three dimensions.
Brain lateralization in primates and its evolution in hominids

Recent studies suggest that vocal communication and visuospatial processing are lateralized to left and right hemispheres respectively in monkeys of the genus Macaca, as they are in humans. The fundamental neurological substrate that forms the basis for complex cerebral asymmetries in Homo sapiens may therefore have been established remarkably early in anthropoid evolution. The tendency toward cortical lateralization has been greatly elaborated in human evolution, such that at least 90% of extant humans are right-handed. Numerous data support an association of the left human hemisphere with time-sequencing, language skills, certain neurochemical asymmetries, and specific psychiatric disorders. The right hemisphere, on the other hand, is associated with holistic processing, visuospatial and musical abilities, emotional processing, and its own neurochemical and psychiatric properties. Although a controversial topic, there appears to be slight but significant sexual dimorphism in certain skills associated with cortical lateralization in humans. Females excel at language and fine motor skills, as well as emotional decoding and expression; males are relatively adept at composing music and exhibit visuospatial and mathematical skills. Various scenarios that account for these differences are reviewed, and it is concluded that dimorphism in these behaviors may be due in part to hormonal priming involved in prenatal gender differentiation.
Optimization of folded plate roofs

Abstract Increased usage of prefabricated structural components and the advantages offered by folded plate roofs necessitates the optimization of their configurations. In order to reduce the material expenditure, transportation and erection costs the dead-weight of the roof systems need to be minimized. The reported study defines a technique for the optimization of the structural weight of the folded plate roof without intermediate stiffeners and subjected to one loading system. The developed method enabled the generation of the different, and consequently the optimum, geometries by starting with an arbitrary initial geometry. The azimuthal angles, the width and the thickness of the individual panels were permitted to vary. The optimization employed a variational approach and flexibility formulation. The total weight of the roof was taken as the target function, subject to minimization. The equilibrium equations for the panels were taken as the constraint equations for the optimization process. The pseudo-weight function was established through the use of the Lagrangian multipliers. The standard Lagrangian formulation was then applied to the pseudo-weight function, and a set of optimization equations were generated. These equations, along with the original equilibrium equations, formed a system of simultaneous nonlinear transcendental equations. This set was solved using an iterative approach. The overall formulation was kept general enough to permit the inclusion of any given loading condition to permit the application of the given methodology to any folded plate roof system.
New Mexico's Cuarto Centenario: History in Visual Dialogue

Abstract Out of the aftermath of the New Mexico Cuarto Centenario (the four hundredth anniversary of the Spanish explorer Don Juan de Onate9s 1598 settlement in present-day New Mexico) came a pledge to create a memorial for the conquistador. The memorial was envisioned as a tri-cultural endeavor, with Reynaldo “Sonny” Rivera, Betty Sabo, and Nora Naranjo-Morse collaborating. Because of his complex legacy, the three artists could not agree on how to represent Onate. Rivera and Sabo ultimately crafted a series of bronze statues of Onate and his entourage titled “La Jornada,” while Naranjo-Morse created an earthwork titled “Numbe Whageh.” These two approaches give physical form to a contested history, and present very different modes of remembering New Mexico9s colonial past.
PMR AND MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF URANIUM(V) PENTAETHOXIDE.

Abstract PMR studies of [U(OC 2 H 5 ) 5 ] 2 in CFCl 3 and CDCl 3 solutions indicate that from −65°C to room temperature the structure of the dimer involves a double alkoxide bridge and 6-coordinated U(V) ions. At lower temperatures, the complexity of PMR spectra is interpreted as demonstrating an increase in molecular complexity. The PMR spectra of U(V) pentaisopropoxide in CDCl 3 are explained as due to a mixture of monomer and dimers at room temperature, and only dimers at low temperatures. The anomalously low magnetic susceptibility of [U(OC 2 H 5 ) 5 ] 2 , 1·12 BM vs. 1·73 BM for spin-only and 2·54 BM for 5 f 1 paramagnetism, is proposed to be the result of spin interaction between U(V) ions in the [U(OC 2 H 5 ) 5 ] 2 dimer.
Studies of the manganese site of photosystem II by electron spin resonance spectroscopy

The Mn-containing catalytic site for photosynthetic water oxidation undergoes changes in oxidation states during the catalytic cycle. One of these intermediates, the S2 state, can be studied directly by e.s.r. at liquid-helium temperatures. Two distinct e.s.r. signals from the S2 state are produced when dark-adapted Photosystem II membranes are illuminated in the 130–200 K range: a g= 4.1 signal or a signal centred at g= 2.0 with many hyperfine lines, referred to as the multiline e.s.r. signal. The yields and magnetic properties of these e.s.r. signals are found to depend on the temperature at which the S2 state is formed and the choice of cryoprotectant (ethylene glycol or sucrose). The intensity of the g= 4.1 e.s.r. signal obeys the Curie law in the 4.0–20.0 K temperature range. The S2-state multiline e.s.r. signal exhibits an intensity maximum at 7.0 K which is independent of microwave powers below 2 mW, if the samples contain 30 % ethylene glycol. This non-Curie behaviour is not observed in samples containing 0.4 mol dm–3 sucrose. A model is presented in which the S2 state e.s.r. signals arise from an exchange-coupled Mn tetramer, where both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange occur. According to our model, the multiline e.s.r. signal observed in samples suspended in 30 % ethylene glycol originates from the thermally populated first excited s= 1/2 state of the exchange-coupled Mn tetramer, whereas the g= 4.1 e.s.r. signal arises from the ground s= 3/2 state of the Mn tetramer in a configuration that makes the s= 1/2 state thermally inaccessible. The different behaviour of the S2-state multiline e.s.r. signal in samples containing sucrose can be explained by a small conformational change of the Mn complex which alters the exchange couplings. In support of our assignment of the multiline e.s.r. signal, we present spectral simulations at S-, X- and Q-bands. The fits to the experimental spectra at X- and Q-bands are improved if a small degree of anisotropy is introduced in the g tensor of the Mn complex.
Influence of Headgroup Chirality on the Mixing Behavior of Phosphatidylglycerol Mimics in Fluid Bilayers

The influence of headgroup chirality on the mixing behavior of a series of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) mimics has been investigated by use of the nearest-neighbor recognition method [Vigmond, S. J.; Dewa, T.; Regen, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7838]. For this purpose, a series of disulfide-based phospholipid dimers 1−10 were synthesized from 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate and 1,2-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, having the R-configuration at the sn-2 carbon, and either a R- or an S-configuration within the headgroup. Results of nearest-neighbor analyses indicate that chiral interactions between the headgroup and the glycerol backbone of neighboring PG mimics have a larger influence on lipid mixing than a chain length difference of four methylenes in analogous lipids, which are devoid of chirality and a hydroxymethylene moiety in the headgroup.
Perspectives on 2014 Nobel Prize.

In celebration of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, this issue of Hippocampus includes a collection of commentaries from a broad range of perspectives on the significance of position coding neurons in the hippocampal region. From the perspective of this student of hippocampal physiology, it is argued that place cells and grid cells reflect the outcome of experiments that strongly select the information available and correspondingly observe singular “trigger features” of these neurons. Notably, however, in more naturalistic situations where multiple dimensions of information are available, hippocampal neurons have mixed selectivity wherein population-firing patterns reflect the organization of many features of experience. Thus, while discoveries on position coding were major breakthroughs in penetrating the hippocampal code, future studies exploring more complex behaviors hold the promise of revealing the full contribution of the hippocampal region to cognition and memory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crossover from weak localization to Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in a high-mobility 2D electron gas.

We study the magnetoresistance $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xx}(B)/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ of a high-mobility 2D electron gas in the domain of magnetic fields $B$, intermediate between the weak localization and the Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations, where $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xx}(B)/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}$ is governed by the interaction effects. Assuming short-range impurity scattering, we demonstrate that in the second order in the interaction parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ a linear $B$ dependence, $\ensuremath{\delta}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xx}(B)/{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}/{E}_{F}$ with a temperature-independent slope, emerges in this domain of $B$ (here ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}$ and ${E}_{F}$ are the cyclotron frequency and the Fermi energy, respectively). Unlike previous mechanisms, the linear magnetoresistance is unrelated to the electron executing the full Larmour circle, but rather originates from the impurity scattering via the $B$ dependence of the phase of the impurity-induced Friedel oscillations.
Sensitivity analysis of pumping tests in non-uniform aquifers

Abstract An approach for better understanding of the physical implication of estimated aquifer parameters is demonstrated by analysing the pumping test data at Cottam in the Nottingham aquifer, UK. A sensitivity analysis showed that the area represented by the estimated parameters was much smaller than the area covered by the depression cone. After parameters are estimated, further research should be carried out to understand what portions of the aquifer the parameters represent. The parameters estimated at Cottam represented mainly aquifer features between roughly 100 and 2000 m. The sensitivity analysis also showed that the observed drawdown being satisfactorily matched by a model with uniform parameters does not prove that the aquifer is homogeneous. Slightly anomalous data may imply the existence of large anomalous zones. Although the drawdowns at Cottam could be ‘satisfactorily’ fitted by a model with uniform parameters, the fit could be improved by a model using a more permeable aquifer but with a z...
Motivational effects of smoked marijuana: behavioral contingencies and low-probability activities.

Six adult male research volunteers, in two groups of 3 subjects each, lived in a residential laboratory for 15 days. All contact with the experimenters was through a networked computer system, and subjects' behavior was monitored continuously and recorded. During the first part of each day, they were allowed to socialize. Two cigarettes containing active marijuana (2.7% delta 9-THC) or placebo were smoked during the private work period and the period of access to social activities. Three-day contingency conditions requiring subjects to engage in a low-probability work activity (instrumental activity) in order to earn time that could be spent engaging in a high-probability work activity (contingent activity) were programmed during periods of placebo and active-marijuana smoking. During placebo administration, the contingency requirement reliably increased the amount of time that subjects spent engaged in the low-probability instrumental activity and decreased the time spent engaged in the high-probability activity. During active-marijuana administration, however, the increases in instrumental activity were consistently larger than observed under placebo conditions. The decreases in contingent activity were similar to those seen under placebo conditions. Smoking active marijuana was thus observed to produce increments in instrumental activity under motivational conditions involving contingencies for "work activities."
Congenital circumferential abdominal amniotic bands in one dizygotic twin

Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health , 2015; 44 (1): 64 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v44i1.7967
γδ T cells in autoimmunity

γδ T cells likely play a critical role in the host defenses, and recent evidence has indicated they are important in regulation of the immune response after pathogen challenge. Data are also accumulating that they play a part in autoimmunity and immune regulation. Evidence indicates that γδ T cells mediate these effects through cytokine production, via direct effects on cells of the adaptive immune response, or through interactions with innate immune components or barriers. Nevertheless, the biological function of γδ T cells in immune responses, especially in autoimmunity, largely remains unresolved. Further studies are needed to gain more knowledge about the immunobiology of these cells, asking why precisely they bear an activated phenotype in vivo, how their cytokine production is regulated, and how they interact with other cells of the innate and adaptive immune responses.
The effect of cooperative learning on student perceptions of accounting in the principles courses

Abstract This paper describes an experiment that investigates the effect of cooperative learning techniques on introductory accounting students' perceptions of accounting. We administered identical survey instruments measuring students' perceptions of accounting to all accounting principles students at the beginning and end of a semester. Instructors used cooperative learning techniques in one-half of the sections (experimental), and a traditional lecture format in the other sections (control). We compared the pretest and posttest student responses for the experimental and control sections. For Accounting Principles I, 40% of the responses exhibited differences between experimental and control sections that were consistent with a cooperative learning effect. No effect was found for Accounting Principles II. An exploratory factor analysis of Accounting Principles I data showed that the factor “student interest in learning accounting” accounted for most of the differences that were consistent with cooperative learning effects. Also, students in the experimental sections of Accounting Principles I performed marginally better on a common final exam than students in the control sections. Overall, students began their introductory accounting courses with positive perceptions of accounting. Students in sections using cooperative learning techniques were, on average, more likely to maintain those positive perceptions than students in sections using the traditional lecture format.
RENOGRAM ABNORMALITIES IN THE HEMOLYTIC UREMIC 131 SYNDROME (HUS)

Twenty-five patients with HUS had radionucleotide studies performed while oliguric or anuric in order to determine functional parameters and assess prognosis. 99m-Tc-DTPA (5-15 mCi) and 131-I orthoiodohippurate (50-150 muCi) were sequentially injected according to established techniques. Initially the renograms were obtained using dual scintillation probes. More recently a scintillation camera with computer was used to image sequentially the passage of these radionuclides through the kidneys. After appropriate background subtractions were made, 11 of 25 renograms were flat (same as background), with the remainder showing varying degrees of uptake. Renogram abnormalities did not correlate with symptoms, initial blood pressure levels or initial biochemical parameters (BUN, creatinine). Of the patients with a flat renogram, 8 presently have normal renal function (1-8 year follow-up) and 7 are normotensive. Thus, the presence of a flat renogram does not indicate irreversible renal damage. The observed absence of renal blood flow in HUS may be secondary to severe vasospasm caused by aggregation of platelets at sites of endothelial injury with subsequent release of vasoactive substances. The detection of platelet membrane antigen(s) and fibrin by immunohistochemical techniques supports this contention.
Deletion and hypermethylation of thymidine kinase gene in V79 Chinese hamster cells resistant to bromodeoxyuridine.

Previous studies on V79 Chinese hamster cells have shown that bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-resistant variants deficient in thymidine kinase (TK) activity arise by a multistep process which is initiated by a random event and progresses gradually during serial culture in the presence of the drug. In order to determine the molecular basis for the loss of TK activity in these cells, the TK gene was isolated from a λ phage library of genomic V79 DNA, using a fragment of the human TK gene as a probe. One phage isolated contained the entire TK gene in a 15-kb insert, as demonstrated by the ability of the phage DNA to transform Ltk}-mouse cells to the TK+ phenotype. Five fragments spanning the entire gene were then subcloned into the plasmid pUC12 for DNA methylation studies. With these probes it was shown by hybridization analysis that the copy number of the TK gene in V79 cells is about four times the copy number in CHO cells and Chinese hamster liver cells. Southern hybridization analysis of the DNA from first-stage variants partially resistant to BrdU indicated that partial resistance was accompanied by deletion of a number of copies of theha TK gene in V79 cells. However, the subsequent gradual transition to full BrdU resistance and full loss of TK activity was correlated with a gradual hypermethylation of sites in the 5′ region of the TK gene, with no further change in gene copy number.
A matrix generalization of heaviside's expansion theorem

Abstract Starting with the energy and dissipation functions of the general n mesh linear bilateral network and using the operational methods of the Laplacian transformation, a solution is obtained for the Lagrangian equations of the system subject to initial boundary conditions. The equations take a particularly simple and general form if matrix notation is used.It is noted that the general case bears a close resemblance to the simple, one mesh, series circuit when the scalar factors which appear in this circuit are generalized to matrix form.
Nanoengineering-Enabled Solid-State Hydrogen Uptake and Release in the LiBH4+MgH2 System

LiBH 4 , as a potential material with the highest reversible hydrogen storage capacity for hydrogen vehicle applications, has always been hydrogenated and dehydrogenated in the liquid state. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that 8.3 wt % hydrogen uptake can be obtained from the LiBH 4 + MgH 2 system in the solid state through nanoengineering and mechanical activation. Hydrogen release, although slower than uptake, can also be attained in the solid state. All of these enhancements are achieved without any catalysts, which underscores the effectiveness of nanoengineering and mechanical activation as well as the opportunity for further improvements in the future.
Development of monoclonal antibodies to erythroid progenitors in feline bone marrow

Feline bone marrow cells can be enriched for erythroid and myeloid progenitors by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE) and subsequent treatment of the CCE fractions with the soybean agglutinin (SBA) lectin. Separation of CCE fractions into SBA(-) and SBA(+) populations yielded cells enriched for BFU-E and CFU-GM progenitors, respectively. Differential analyses revealed a high percentage of erythroid lineage cells in the SBA(-) fractions and in the SBA(+) fractions a high concentration of myeloid cells of varying maturation stages. The latter cells, but not the CFU-GM progenitors, could be removed by immunomagnetic depletion from CCE fractions using a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for CD13 cells in feline bone marrow, resulting also in a population containing predominantly erythroid differentiating cells. Mice were immunized with CCE fractions enriched for erythroid lineage cells and the splenocytes fused with SP2/O cells for hybridoma development. Supernatant culture fluids from 400 hybridomas were analyzed by flow cytometry with whole bone marrow and select CCE/SBA fractions as the target cells. Those hybridomas suggestive of containing the desired antibodies as indicated by the percentage staining were subcloned and the MAbs utilized in clonogenic assays. Treatment of bone marrow cells or CCE fractions with the MAbs followed by immunomagnetic depletions led to identification of two, K-1 and Q-3, reactive with the BFU-E progenitor and one, K-7, reactive only with late-differentiating erythroid lineage cells. Thus, removal of cells from a CCE/SBA suspension reactive with K-1 or Q-3 led to greater than 80% reductions of the BFU-E progenitors and a population enriched for CFU-GM. Removal of cells reactive with MAb K-7, however, led to a marked enrichment, 5-8-fold, of both BFU-E and CFU-GM progenitors.
WORLDWIDE INSTITUTIONAL RANKINGS IN ECONOMETRICS: 1989–1995

This paper updates Hall's (1987, Econometric Theory 3, 171–194; 1990, Econometric Theory 6, 1–16) rankings of academic institutions by publication activity in econometrics over the period 1989–1995. Fifteen leading international journals that publish econometrics articles are used to provide the database. The rankings are based on standardized page counts of articles published in these journals over the stated period. Separate rankings are provided for theoretical contributions in econometrics and for all contributions in econometrics. An “Econometricians' Hall of Fame” is developed listing the top 100 individual producers of theoretical econometrics and all contributions in econometrics research in the 15 journals considered. Separate rankings are also provided both for institutions and for individuals according to all econometrics publication activity in Econometrica, Econometric Theory, and Journal of Econometrics.
Some results on testing for stationarity using data detrended in differences

Abstract A test of the null hypothesis of stationarity recently proposed by Kwiatowski, Phillips, Schmidt and Shin is based on data detrended in levels. This paper shows that the test becomes inconsistent if it is based on data detrended in differences.
Modeling and analysis of UN TRISO fuel for LWR application using the PARFUME code

Abstract The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) PARFUME (PARticle FUel ModEl) code was used to assess the overall fuel performance of uranium nitride (UN) tristructural isotropic (TRISO) ceramic fuel under irradiation conditions typical of a Light Water Reactor (LWR). The dimensional changes of the fuel particle layers and kernel were calculated, including the formation of an internal gap. The survivability of the UN TRISO particle was estimated depending on the strain behavior of the constituent materials at high fast fluence and burn-up. For nominal cases, internal gas pressure and representative thermal profiles across the kernel and layers were determined along with stress levels in the inner and outer pyrolytic carbon (IPyC/OPyC) and silicon carbide (SiC) layers. These parameters were then used to evaluate fuel particle failure probabilities. Results of the study show that the survivability of UN TRISO fuel under LWR irradiation conditions might only be guaranteed if the kernel and PyC swelling rates are limited at high fast fluence and burn-up. These material properties have large uncertainties at the irradiation levels expected to be reached by UN TRISO fuel in LWRs. Therefore, a large experimental effort would be needed to establish material properties, including kernel and PyC swelling rates, under these conditions before definitive conclusions can be drawn on the behavior of UN TRISO fuel in LWRs.
A cutaneous manifestation of a systemic disease.

QUESTION: A 52-year-old African American man reported the development of new bumps on his knees and elbows over the past 2 to 3 weeks. The patient had not seen a doctor for 6 months but had a history of diabetes that is treated with diet alone. Aside from some increased thirst and more frequent urination over the past 2 months, he said he was otherwise feeling well. The patient was a 6′1″ and 214 lb man. He was normotensive. Darkly pigmented, firm, and nontender papules were evident on his elbows and knees (figures ​(figures11 and ​and2).2). There was no pruritus associated with these papules. Figure 1 Figure 2 What is your diagnosis and how would you proceed with workup and treatment of this patient? ANSWER: The patient has eruptive xanthomas and diabetes mellitus. At the time of this office visit, a finger-stick glucose value was 232 mg/dL and urinalysis revealed +++ glucose and no ketones. Laboratory evaluation the next day after fasting overnight revealed a triglyceride level of 1324 mg/dL and total cholesterol was 315 mg/dL. High density lipoproteins were measured as 32 mg/dL and there were no chylomicrons present. The high triglyceride level confirms the diagnosis, and a skin biopsy is not needed.
Anesthetic management of equine head trauma: a case report

A fractured frontal bone in an 8-year-old Arabian gelding was repaired surgically. The horse exhibited no detectable neurologic deficits before surgery. Anesthesia was induced with a combination of guaifenesin and sodium thiamylal and maintained on halothane in oxygen. Postoperatively, the neurologic status of the horse deteriorated, and it died. On postmortem examination, intracranial hemorrhage accompanied by pressure-induced malacia of the adjacent brain parenchyma was discovered. The hemorrhage was not associated with the surgical site. The authors hypothesize that increased intracranial pressure occurred in the perioperative period.
Educational Technologies: Impact on Learning and Frustration

Educators are increasingly using educational technologies at the postsecondary level although little research has investigated the effects of such technologies on learning. Our research explored th...
Sensitivity of the product vibrational distribution of the F + H2 reaction to the T5A potential energy surface

Abstract Sensitivities for the transition probability of the F + H 2 ( v = 0, j = 0) → HF ( v ′) + H reaction are calculated for total angular momentum J = 0 to determine how the T5A potential energy surface (PES) can be modified to correct its theoretical product vibrational branching ratio. Several modifications of the T5A PES are suggested and compared with the actual PES modifications that have led to the newer 5SEC and 6SEC surfaces. It is seen that the 6SEC surface is substantially better than 5SEC which, in turn, is better than T5A with respect to the suggested PES modifications. The match is not perfect and one can contemplate using the sensitivities for other PES refinements that would lead to even better agreement with experiment.
Violence, integrity and education

In many parts of the world, schools, which are supposedly the main social venue for intellectual enrichment and value formation, are often places of suffering and distress, raising important questions about the relationship between violence and education. What are the different forms of violence that can be encountered in a schooling setting? How prevalent are these manifestations of violence? Do they occur in a random fashion or are they associated with specific factors and patterns? What can be done to reduce or eliminate their occurrence? To begin to address these questions, this article is divided into three parts. First, it proposes an analytical framework to identify, in a systematic way, the various forms of violence that can take place within the ambit of school systems. Second, it shows how this typology can be applied along the various analytical dimensions developed. Finally, it reviews ways in which education can be used as a positive force to address violence issues in the school context and ...
When dreams collide: Rhetorical trajectories in the assassination of president Kennedy

This essay offers yet another answer to the question raised in Kenneth Burke's “Lines Anent An Inquiry.” Dramatistic in method, the essay argues that Lee Harvey Oswald, while he acted alone, was not precisely a “loner” that he saw himself as the leader of a movement, imaginary though it was; that impelled by the rhetorical dynamics of that movement, he murdered in its name; and that the murder and the movement may serve as a paradigm of the form and fate of certain American movements that turned toward terrorism in the years after the assassination.
Mechanism of vasculitis and aneurysms in Kawasaki disease: role of nitric oxide

NO in vivo has both beneficial and nonbeneficial effects depending on site and concentration. Peroxynitrite, resulting from the reaction of NO with superoxide radical, causes cellular damage. Nitrotyrosine, end product of NO's toxic effects on cellular proteins, is a stable compound that can be used to detect evidence of harmful quantities of NO. We sought to detect nitrotyrosine in coronary arterioles of DBA/2 mice injected intraperitoneally with Lactobacillus casei cell wall. The inflammatory response induced occurred in perivascular fashion and involved mainly macrophages. It was variable according to time points, being severe on days 10 and 14 and mild to moderate on days 3 and 7. Few basal inflammatory cells appeared in controls injected with phosphate-buffered saline. Western immunoblots of homogenized hearts on days 10 and 14 demonstrated specific nitrated proteins. Immunohistochemistry of frozen sections of diseased hearts showed positive immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine in coronary arterioles at the same time points. These findings were absent in the controls. We also determined the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in controls on days 10 and 14. iNOS colocalized with nitrotyrosine in perivascular macrophages and coronary arterioles of treated mice. Additionally, aneurysms were found on day 10 and intracardiac hemorrhage with consequent death on day 14. These observations supply evidence that NO through its reactive product, peroxynitrite, and its antigen/tissue marker, nitrotyrosine, is directly involved in coronary arteritis and aneurysm development in mice models of Kawasaki disease (KD). This article shows that macrophages are central to this and bolsters the likelihood of L. casei being the cause of KD.
Approximating a composite cubic curve by one with fewer pieces

Abstract A basic algorithm for merging two adjacent cubic pieces of a given composite cubic curve is suggested here. As a typical application, it is combined with a standard interpolating scheme to approximate a sequence of data points by a composite cubic of few pieces.