cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF SEASONS AND PLANT PARTS ON THE ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF THE ENDEMIC SPECIES ARISTOLOCHIA KRISAGATHRA SIVARAJAN AND PRADEEP

Objective: Aristolochia krisagathra , a species endemic to the Western Ghats of India is found closely allied to two other species native to India, A. indica and A. tagala . The plant is medicinally useful and hence may harbor important phytochemical constituents. The phytochemical studies on this plant are less. Hence, the objective of the research was to analyse the oil composition of this endemic plant considering the seasons and plant parts. Methods: The essential oil analyses of both the leaf and stem oil of the plant was carried out in three different periods, pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon to analyse the major compounds present and the effect of seasons on the oil composition. Oil extraction of the shade dried leaves and stem were done in a clevenger type apparatus. 4 h of hydro distillation was done and the oil samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The stem oil yield was higher than leaves and the oil colour of the leaves and stem varied. The results showed the predominance of sesquiterpenes. Diterpenes were completely absent in the stem oil in all the three seasons but was present in leaf oil in small concentrations. The oil yield from stem was higher than leaves. The major compound in the leaf and stem oil varied. Major compound in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon remained the same, copaene in the leaf and alloaromadendrene in the stem. The major compound in the monsoon period was delta-cadinene in leaf and spathulenol in stem. Caryophyllene, the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, was present in both the stem and leaf oil irrespective of the seasons studied. Conclusion: The study showed that the plant parts and seasons are important factors affecting the oil composition. Hence while collecting medicinal plants and their oils for various bioactivities, these factors need to be considered.
Contrasting raccoons from natural and urban habitats on Sanibel Island, Florida

INTRODUCTION STUDY SITE METHODS Population Parameters Home Range and Habitat utilization Activity Roadkilled Raccoons Food Habits Reproductive Potential RESULTS Population Parameters Home Range Habitat utilization Activity Roadkilled Raccoons Food Habits Reproductive Potential DISCUSSION MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS LITERATURE CITED ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Page
Workplace monitoring of employee health using the workstation PC as a platform

A country's biggest asset is its workforce, given the fact that a healthy workforce can contribute to rapid growth of the economy. Chronic illnesses reduce productivity, are responsible for rising healthcare costs, and should be managed by the employer to reduce healthcare expenditures. This can be done through employee health and wellness programs, and well-designed health management initiatives. In addition, new information and communication technologies make it possible to monitor employee health with wearable devices and tele-health assisted surveillance techniques. This paper introduces a unique new approach to workplace healthcare monitoring, using the office workstation PC itself to monitor worker health. The main benefits are: reduction in the number of visits to the doctor during office hours; reduced dependency on institutionalized health setting such as hospitals for check-ups; and prior knowledge of worsening symptoms, thereby leading to timely cure rather than last minute hospital visits, nursing home admissions, all of which result in lesser sick leaves, and more productivity per employee.
Tuning the Surface Hydrophobicity of Keplerate {Mo 72 Fe 30 } Porous Molecular Capsules by Surface Ligand-Replacement Process

A spontaneous ligand-replacement process at the external surface of Keplerate polyoxometalate molecular nanocapsules {Mo72Fe30} occurs when dissolving {Mo72Fe30} in pure methanol, with the water ligands coordinated to the Fe(III) centers of {Mo72Fe30} gradually being replaced by CH3OH ligands, resulting in the formation of partially hydrophobic nanocapsules. The new nanocapsules have negligible deprotonation capability and different solution behaviors. The methanol ligands can be easily exchanged back to water ligands when a small amount of water is added into the system. The exchange of water ligands dramatically changed the self-assembly behaviors of the {Mo72Fe30} clusters in solution.
Online clustering, fear and uncertainty in Egypt’s transition

ABSTRACTDoes the uncertainty associated with post-authoritarian transitions cause political and social polarization? Does ubiquitous social media exacerbate these problems and thus make successful democratic transitions less likely? This article examines these questions in the case of Egypt between the 11 February 2011 fall of President Hosni Mubarak and the 3 July 2013 military coup, which overthrew President Mohamed el-Morsi. The analysis is based on a Twitter dataset including 62 million tweets by 7 million unique users. Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods, we demonstrate how clusters of users form and evolve over time, the density of interactions between them, and the flow of particular types of information through the clustered network structure. We show that the Egyptian Twitter public developed into increasingly isolated clusters of the like-minded which shared information unevenly. We argue that the growing distance between these clusters encouraged political conflict and facilitat...
Direct-laser metal writing of surface acoustic wave transducers for integrated-optic spatial light modulators in lithium niobate

Recently, the fabrication of high-resolution silver nanostructures using a femtosecond laser-based direct write process in a gelatin matrix was reported. The application of direct metal writing towards feature development has also been explored with direct metal fusion, in which metal is fused onto the surface of the substrate via a femtosecond laser process. In this paper, we present a comparative study of gelatin matrix and metal fusion approaches for directly laser-written fabrication of surface acoustic wave transducers on a lithium niobate substrate for application in integrated optic spatial light modulators.
Moral Schemas in Articulation and Intuition: How Religious People Evaluate Human Reproductive Genetic Technologies†

As new and more effective human reproductive genetic technologies (RGTs) rapidly develop, religious voices remain an important part of public discussion about the moral standing of such technologies. Here, we compare how individuals from different religious traditions evaluate disease RGTs (detecting genetic diseases in vitro) when compared to enhancement RGTs, allowing parents to select features of a child. Findings are gleaned from analysis of 270 interviews with individuals from 23 Christian, Muslim, and Jewish religious organizations, with supporting data from a national survey of more than 10,000 Americans. We find that respondents engage in clearly defined discursive moral reasoning to evaluate the propriety of disease RGTs while moral intuitions manifest themselves in responses to enhancement RGTs. We argue that schemas provide resources for moral discourses while also shaping moral intuitions expressed through emotions. Our results have implications for how religious people respond to new technologies when their institutional and denominational structures do not have readily discernable moral frameworks to guide responses.
Suicidal Behaviors in Physicians

Physicians comprise an at-risk group for suicide and there is no evidence that an improvement or resolution is in sight. Nevertheless, there is now significant research into the internal and external forces that put doctors at risk of harming themselves. This chapter presents an overview of our understanding regarding suicidal behaviors in physicians and the centrality of early intervention, which includes both comprehensive assessment and broad-based treatments. By creating open discussions about a taboo subject and learning from loved ones of doctors who have died by suicide, we are chipping away at the pernicious stigma that prevents physicians from embracing life-saving psychiatric and psychological treatments.
Protein Transport and Assembly in Thylakoids

Chloroplasts contain their own DNA and protein biosynthetic machinery, and consequently are capable of a limited amount of semi-autonomous protein synthesis. Nonetheless, the vast majority of chloroplast proteins are encoded in the nucleus and are incorporated after their synthesis by cytoplasmic ribosomes. Proteins destined for trans-envelope transport are generally directed by a cleavable N-terminal extension of amino acids, termed a transit peptide. Transit peptides are necessary and sufficient to direct attached passenger proteins to the chloroplast stroma reviewed by [1].
Atomistic investigation into the mechanical properties of the ferrite-cementite interface: The Bagaryatskii orientation

Abstract Atomistic modeling is used to investigate the mechanical response to compressive and tensile straining of the Bagaryatskii orientation relationship between ferrite and cementite within pearlite. A range of interlamellar spacings and ferrite to cementite ratios are considered and values for important mechanical properties, including elastic modulus, yield stress, flow stress, and ductility, are determined. These values are fit to simple elasto-plastic models, thus allowing for the easy interpolation of states not simulated. Transverse loading can be described using simple 1-D composite theory, while longitudinal loading requires the consideration of the strain compatibility of the interface. The mechanical properties are shown to be largely dependent on the volume ratios of the cementite and ferrite, with the interlamellar spacing having an increasing role as it reaches smaller values. Additionally, the effect of the interface is discussed and characterized, including its role as a nucleation site for dislocations in both the ferrite and cementite.
85°C Operation of 850 nm VCSELs Deliver a 42 Gb/s Error-Free Data Transmission for 100 meter MMF Link

850nm VCSELs record performance of 46Gb/s (RT), 43Gb/s (75°C) and 42Gb/s (85°C) error-free transmission for a 100 meter MMF link are reported without the use of equalizer or forward error correction.
Supporting Representational Competences Through Adaptive Educational Technologies

Helping students acquire representational competences is an important educational goal in many STEM domains. In particular, students need to acquire connection-making competences: they need to conceptually understand how different representations map to one another, and they need to be perceptually fluent in translating between representations. I present a number of experiments on instructional support for connection-making competences. The experiments were conducted in the context of intelligent tutoring systems for elementary-school fractions and undergraduate chemistry. Intelligent tutoring systems are educational technologies that adapt to the individual student’s knowledge level in real time, based on a cognitive model of their learning that is updated throughout the learning experience. Results show that the effectiveness of different types of instructional support depends on a number of student characteristics. Support for conceptual connection-making competences is most effective for students who have a basic level of prior domain knowledge but who are not yet proficient. Support for perceptual fluency in translating between representations is most effective for students with high mental rotation ability. Furthermore, the sequence in which conceptual and perceptual connection-making support should be provided depends on the students’ prior conceptual understanding of connections. These findings suggest that adaptive educational technologies might be more effective if they adaptively select the appropriate type of representational support based on a real-time assessment of the student’s current knowledge level. Such adaptive support is likely to not only result in better learning of the domain knowledge but also in better attainment of representational competences.
Sex-Related Differences in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to cognitive deficits, functional impairment as well as behavioral changes. The pathophysiology of AD involves the accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid beta protein (Aβ), in early phases, inducing inflammatory and microglial cascades, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. These processes then lead to hyperphosphorylation of the microtubule stabilizing protein tau and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. These changes cause synaptic and neuronal dysfunction by disruption of intracellular signaling and widespread cortical dysfunction. Accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles further disrupt synaptic integrity and result in neuronal cell death. Despite these well-defined neuropathological hallmarks, human and animal models demonstrate that amyloid plaque burden and distribution do not correlate with cognitive deficit. Neurofibrillary tangles can exist without neuronal impairment, and it is the synaptic loss and network dysfunction that are thought to be related to cognitive deficit [1–4].
Cohomological Hardy Space for SU (2, 2)

Publisher Summary This chapter presents homogeneous line bundle L corresponding to the representation in unitary degenerate series with the most singular parameter. A holomorphic homogeneous line bundle is obtained on G c /P c whose restriction to G/P is L . This line bundle is denoted and the sheaf of its holomorphic sections by the same letter L. Some relation are investigated between the Cech cohomology group H 2 ( , L ) and a decomposition of the degenerate series representation in Kashiwara and Vergne. Although the K -type of this cohomology group is known by the very general result of Rawnsley, Schmid, and Wolf, the approach is purely geometric and an injective G-equivariant boundary map is constructed of the cohomology space to the space of hyperfunction-section of L on G/P using a Mayer–Vietris exact sequence.
Surgical heart valves

Abstract Artificial heart valves can be surgically implanted in adults and children to treat degenerative and congenital structural heart disease. Mechanical valves have been used in valve replacement surgery for many decades; however, risk of thrombosis requires that patients take anticoagulant medication for extended periods. Bioprosthetic valves have become the most commonly used surgical valve, but these are prone to structural deterioration. Here we review recent developments in mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves, while highlighting the future work that will improve the design, implantation, and recommended indications of surgical valves.
Pre-hospital shock index correlates with transfusion, resource utilization and mortality; The role of patient first vitals.

Abstract Introduction The aim of our study was to evaluate if pre-hospital shock index (SI) can predict transfusion requirements, resource utilization and mortality in trauma patients. Methods We performed a 2-year analysis of all adult trauma patients in the TQIP database. Shock index was calculated by dividing heart-rate over systolic blood pressure. Patients were divided into two groups pre-hospital SI ≤ 1 and prehospital SI > 1. Regression and ROC curve analyses were performed. Results 144951 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 45 ± 34 years, 61% were male, 84.7% had blunt injuries and median ISS was 13 [9–17]. Overall 9.1% of the patients had a pre-hospital SI > 1. Patients with pre-hospital SI > 1 had higher likelihood of requiring massive transfusion (25% vs. 0.012%, p 1 had higher mortality (12.3% vs. 5.2%, p Conclusions Pre-hospital SI predicts trauma-center resource utilization and can guide patient triage and trauma resource recruitment.
Analysis of retention of gadolinium by brain, bone, and blood following linear gadolinium-based contrast agent administration in rats with experimental sepsis.

Purpose It is important to identify populations that may be vulnerable to the brain deposition of gadolinium (Gd) from MRI contrast agents. At intervals from 24 hours to 6 weeks following injection of a linear Gd contrast agent, the brain, blood and bone content of Gd were compared between control rats and those with experimental endotoxin-induced sepsis that results in neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption. Methods Male rats were injected intraperitoneally with 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide. Control animals received no injection. Twenty-four hours later, 0.2 mmol/kg of gadobenate dimeglumine was injected intravenously. Brain, blood, and bone Gd levels were measured at 24 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Results Blood Gd decreased rapidly between 24 hours and 1 week, and thereafter was undetectable, with no significant difference between lipopolysaccharide and control rats. Brain levels of Gd were significantly higher (4.29-2.36-fold) and bone levels slightly higher (1.35-1.11-fold) in lipopolysaccharide than control rats at all time points with significant retention at 6 weeks. Conclusion Experimental sepsis results in significantly higher deposition of Gd in the brain and bone in rats. While blood Gd clears rapidly, brain and bone retained substantial Gd even at 6 weeks following contrast injection.
Association among genomic breeding values for daughter pregnancy rate and heifer conception rate and estrous characteristics and fertility of Holstein heifers

Genetic selection of dairy animals until the early 2000s was focused on productive traits while disregarding reproductive traits. It is believed that such selection strategy was associated with compromised estrous expression and reproductive performance. Since the mid 2000s, genetic selection of dairy breeds has included reproductive traits. We hypothesized that genomic breeding values for daughter pregnancy rate (GDPR) and heifer conception rate (GHCR) are associated with estrous characteristics. Therefore, the objectives of the current experiment were to evaluate the association among GDPR and GHCR with estrous characteristics measured by an automated device.
Learning Relatedness between Types with Prototypes for Relation Extraction

Relation schemas are often pre-defined for each relation dataset. Relation types can be related from different datasets and have overlapping semantics. We hypothesize we can combine these datasets according to the semantic relatedness between the relation types to overcome the problem of lack of training data. It is often easy to discover the connection between relation types based on relation names or annotation guides, but hard to measure the exact similarity and take advantage of the connection between the relation types from different datasets. We propose to use prototypical examples to represent each relation type and use these examples to augment related types from a different dataset. We obtain further improvement (ACE05) with this type augmentation over a strong baseline which uses multi-task learning between datasets to obtain better feature representation for relations. We make our implementation publicly available: https://github.com/fufrank5/relatedness
Heterogeneity in viral infections increases the rate of deleterious mutation accumulation

1 Abstract RNA viruses have high mutation rates, with the majority of mutations being deleterious. We examine patterns of deleterious mutation accumulation over multiple rounds of viral replication, with a focus on how cellular coinfection and heterogeneity in viral output affect these patterns. Specifically, using agentbased intercellular simulations we find, in agreement with previous studies, that coinfection of cells by viruses relaxes the strength of purifying selection, and thereby increases the rate of deleterious mutation accumulation. We further find that cellular heterogeneity in viral output exacerbates the rate of deleterious mutation accumulation, regardless of whether this heterogeneity in viral output is stochastic or is due to variation in cellular multiplicity of infection. These results highlight the need to consider the unique life histories of viruses and their population structure to better understand observed patterns of viral evolution.
Partisan and Nonpartisan Communication Channels in Organizations

Decision makers are often accessible via a variety of communication channels (e.g. direct vs. intermediated, formal vs. informal, in-person vs. electronic, etc.), and the channel selected by an informed party can signal information about the sender's preferences. This paper uses a model of strategic communication to study how and why partisan and nonpartisan communication channels arise in organizations. Polarized organizations use only partisan channels and information transmission occurs primarily via cheap talk (channel selection). On the other hand, discussion equilibria include partisan channels for moderates, while those with important information instead use nonpartisan or discussion channels. Welfare analysis provides applications to various communication practices observed within organizations, particularly the near-ubiquitous use of both informal (e.g. gossip and rumors), and formal (e.g. business meetings or seminars) channels of communication in organizations and communities.
Stress and adolescence: Vulnerability and opportunity during a sensitive window of development

Adolescence is a period of dynamic change across multiple systems. Concurrent maturation of neural, biological, and psychosocial functioning renders adolescence a time of heightened sensitivity to both negative and positive experiences. Here, we review recent literature across these domains, discuss risk and opportunity in the context of ongoing neural development, and highlight promising directions for future research. Finally, we propose that conceptualizing adolescence as a sensitive window during which plasticity across multiple systems is enhanced may support the identification of links between experience, neurodevelopment, and psychopathology.
Temperature-Dependent Three-Dimensional Anisotropy of the Magnetoresistance in WTe2

Extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR) was recently discovered in WTe_{2}, triggering extensive research on this material regarding the XMR origin. Since WTe_{2} is a layered compound with metal layers sandwiched between adjacent insulating chalcogenide layers, this material has been considered to be electronically two-dimensional (2D). Here we report two new findings on WTe_{2}: (1) WTe_{2} is electronically 3D with a mass anisotropy as low as 2, as revealed by the 3D scaling behavior of the resistance R(H,θ)=R(ϵ_{θ}H) with ϵ_{θ}=(cos^{2}θ+γ^{-2}sin^{2}θ)^{1/2}, θ being the magnetic field angle with respect to the c axis of the crystal and γ being the mass anisotropy and (2) the mass anisotropy γ varies with temperature and follows the magnetoresistance behavior of the Fermi liquid state. Our results not only provide a general scaling approach for the anisotropic magnetoresistance but also are crucial for correctly understanding the electronic properties of WTe_{2}, including the origin of the remarkable "turn-on" behavior in the resistance versus temperature curve, which has been widely observed in many materials and assumed to be a metal-insulator transition.
Using CA to Find Out How a Child with High Functioning Autism Responds to Questions in Different Settings

Anecdotal reports on the discourse of children with High Functioning Autism (HFA) often claim that failure to respond to questions is a key characteristic. However, Kremer-Sadlik (2004) found that HFA children respond 85% of the time to questions, and that 75% of the time their responses are also communicatively “adequate,” meaning that they address the pragmatic intent behind the question as well as its surface form. Using Conversation Analysis (CA) as one of her methodologies, Kremer-Sadlik explained this surprisingly high number by showing that in her data, which consisted of audio/videotaped family interactions, family members extensively scaffolded the children’s responses, teaching and coaching them in appropriate response patterns with every interaction. Thus, in Kremer-Sadlik’s study, CA complements quantitative methods in describing language and interaction patterns of impaired individuals that run counter to popular belief. These results prompted me to ask whether response behavior of HFA children would be similar in non-family settings. In my attempt to answer this question, Ian, a child with high-functioning autism, was videotaped for 45 minutes in two settings: first, in a speech therapy session with his therapist, Evelyn; and second, at the family dinner table with his parents and two sisters. The data were examined for instances of failure to respond to questions, and then those instances were transcribed and analyzed using CA. For the seventeen instances in the data when Ian did not respond to questions, there appeared to be four main reasons: (1) he was focused on his own storyline or thoughts, and therefore did not appear to attend to or process the question, (2) he refused to cooperate even though he clearly understood that he was required to respond, (3) the question was a Display of Knowledge (DOK) question, and (4) he appeared to genuinely not know how to answer. A DOK question is one to which the questioner knows the answer, but is eliciting the hearer to display knowledge. The table below breaks down the failures to respond by setting and reason.
Low-density lipoprotein-dependent and -independent effects of cholesterol-lowering therapies on C-reactive protein: a meta-analysis.

Objectives This study sought to assess the contribution of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–dependent and LDL–independent effects of LDL-lowering therapies to changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) in healthy or stable subjects. Background Correlations of change in LDL and CRP in individuals are lowered by their measurement variability. By using average changes in LDL and CRP in study groups, meta-analysis reduces this variability to better assess their correlation. Methods A systematic search for randomized placebo-controlled trials reporting change in LDL and CRP with LDL-lowering interventions retrieved 23 studies with 57 groups treated with a variety of statins, nonstatin drugs, or other regimens. Meta-analysis techniques assessed the relationships between average mean differences (placebo − treatment) in change in CRP and LDL. Results The overall reduction in CRP was 28% (95% confidence interval 26% to 30%). Significantly greater CRP reduction occurred in statin and statin-ezetimibe interventions, interventions using 80 mg/day of statins, and with greater LDL lowering. Meta-regression analysis showed a strong correlation between the change in LDL and CRP (r = 0.80, p Conclusions In clinical practice, most of the anti-inflammatory effect of LDL-lowering therapies is related to the magnitude of change in LDL. The potential non-LDL effects of statins on inflammation are much smaller in magnitude.
Potential for Disaster

Every person born on earth hopes to have enough to eat. For simplicity, let us assume that food means calories, and 2500 calories a day is a liberal allotment. Nearly all of the calories have to come from agricultural production since there are no other significant sources. Agricultural production means both plant and animal products but since animals feed on plants, the ultimate source is plants. Plants have always been subject to diseases and a number of well-documented disasters have taken place. The potential for disaster may be even greater today in spite of human ingenuity, because of the pressure on the land for increased yield and because of the increase in monoculture. The neverending battle between plant pests and agricultural production will grow more intense. It will require all the resources of sophisticated agricultural technology to maintain a favorable balance.
Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics of Macromolecular Systems

Preface and outline 1. Introduction 2. Statistical mechanics: a modern review 3. The complexity of minimalistic lattice models for protein folding 4. Monte Carlo and chain growth methods for molecular simulations 5. First insights to freezing and collapse of flexible polymers 6. Crystallization of elastic polymers 7. Structural phases of semiflexible polymers 8. Generic tertiary folding properties of proteins in mesoscopic scales 9. Protein folding channels and kinetics of two-state folding 10. Inducing generic secondary structures by constraints 11. Statistical analyses of aggregation processes 12. Hierarchical nature of phase transitions 13. Adsorption of polymers at solid substrates 14. Hybrid protein-substrate interfaces 15. Concluding remarks and outlook Notes References Index.
Substance P initiates NFAT‐dependent gene expression in spinal neurons

Persistent hyperalgesia is associated with increased expression of proteins that contribute to enhanced excitability of spinal neurons, however, little is known about how expression of these proteins is regulated. We tested the hypothesis that Substance P stimulation of neurokinin receptors on spinal neurons activates the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform 4 (NFATc4). The occurrence of NFATc4 in spinal cord was demonstrated with RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Substance P activated NFAT-dependent gene transcription in primary cultures of neonatal rat spinal cord transiently transfected with a luciferase DNA reporter construct. The effect of Substance P was mediated by neuronal neurokinin-1 receptors that coupled to activation of protein kinase C, l-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, and calcineurin. Interestingly, Substance P had no effect on cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-dependent gene expression. Conversely, calcitonin gene-related peptide, which activated CRE-dependent gene expression, did not activate NFAT signaling. These data provide evidence that peptides released from primary afferent neurons regulate discrete patterns of gene expression in spinal neurons. Because the release of Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from primary afferent neurons is increased following peripheral injury, these peptides may differentially regulate the expression of proteins that underlie persistent hyperalgesia.
Seismicity of the central United States

The combination of moderate seismic activity, sparsity of seismograph stations and relatively low density of population makes it difficult to assign quantitative seismicity values to most of the central United States. The seismicity data suggest that earthquakes that occur outside the recognized seismic zones or major structural features will have a maximum body-wave magnitude m/sub b/ of 5.5 and that this maximum value will occur only infrequently. Experience shows that if these relatively minor earthquakes are only a few kilometres deep they may have an epicentral intensity at least as large as VII (observed for an earthquake of m/sub b/ = 3.8), but their magnitude and area of perceptibility will be small. With the exception of the New Madrid seismic zone and possibly the Wabash Valley seismic zone, a conservatively reasonable value for the maximum body-wave magnitude to be expected in the major seismic and structural zones of the central United States is 6.5. For the New Madrid seismic zone an earthquake of body-wave magnitude equivalent to that of a great earthquake (m/sub b/ = 7.5) can be expected, on the basis of what has already been experienced in 1811-1812. Because of low anelastic attenuation, the earthquakes in the centralmore » United States are felt and cause damage over much wider areas than earthquakes of comparable magnitude in the western United States. Further consequences are that the ground shaking has a longer duration and that the ground-motion spectrum shifts at the larger distances to lower frequencies, which results in relatively low ground acceleration for relatively large ground displacements and a greater effect on high-rise than low-rise structures. (JMT)« less
DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS OF A LETHAL MUTATION, MUSCULAR DYSGENESIS (MDG), IN THE MOUSE. II. DEVELOPMENTAL ANALYSIS.

Abstract The developmental analysis of the lethal mutation, muscular dysgenesis (mdg), reveals that the myopathy results from a genetically determined specific interference with skeletal muscle cell differentiation. A description of the morphogenesis of mutants is presented, with particular emphasis on the histogenesis of skeletal muscle. Abnormalities are first apparent in embryos homozygous for the mdg mutation at the time when myoblasts differentiate into striated myotubes, regardless of the embryonic age at which this occurs in the various muscles. Subsequently, all skeletal muscle cells degenerate. Other abnormalities of the mdg syndrome, such as the skeletal anomalies, appear to result from the muscle deficiency, demonstrating interaction between skeletal musculature and other systems during embryogenesis. The developmental effects of the mdg mutation illustrate gene action on the cellular level by the specific interference with differentiation of cells of a particular histotype, the skeletal myoblasts.
Minimizing Cache Overhead via Loaded Cache Blocks and Preemption Placement

Schedulability analysis for real-time systems has been the subject of prominent research over the past several decades. One of the key foundations of schedulability analysis is an accurate worst case execution time (WCET) measurement for each task. In real-time systems that support preemption, the cache related preemption delay (CRPD) can represent a significant component (up to 44% as documented in research literature) [1] -- [3] of variability to overall task WCET. Several methods have been employed to calculate CRPD with significant levels of pessimism that may result in a task set erroneously declared as non-schedulable. Furthermore, they do not take into account that CRPD cost is inherently a function of where preemptions actually occur. Our approach for computing CRPD via loaded cache blocks (LCBs) is more accurate in the sense that cache state reflects which cache blocks and the specific program locations where they are reloaded. Limited preemption models attempt to minimize preemption overhead (CRPD) by reducing the number of allowed preemptions and/or allowing preemption at program locations where the CRPD effect is minimized. These algorithms rely heavily on accurate CRPD measurements or estimation models in order to identify an optimal set of preemption points. Our approach improves the effectiveness of limited optimal preemption point placement algorithms by calculating the LCBs for each pair of adjacent preemptions to more accurately model task WCET and maximize schedulability as compared to existing preemption point placement approaches. We propose an optimal preemption point placement algorithm using dynamic programming. Lastly, we will demonstrate, using a case study, improved task set schedulability and optimal preemption point placement via our new LCB characterization.
Podatność wybranych metod podejmowania zbiorowych decyzji na głosowanie strategiczne

Analysis of vulnerability of selected social choice methods to strategic voting is presented in the article. Selected methods are: plurality voting, the Borda count and approval voting. Applied procedure allowed strategic voting of unlimited number of voters. With each method voters knew the outcome of the sincere voting, consistent with their real preferences. 24 variants differed on voting parameters; for each variant 1000 random profiles of preferences have been analyzed. Results are different from expected.
Drinking behavior among older adults in a planned retirement community: results from The Villages survey.

OBJECTIVES: Research indicates increasing trends among older adults toward heavy and abusive drinking, often associated with depressive symptoms. Possible exceptions are residents of planned retirement communities, whose drinking may be associated with social activities. To better understand these relationships, this study examined the relationship of depressive symptoms and drinking in a large retirement community. METHODS: The Villages, a retirement community in central Florida with a focus on healthy, active living, has almost 90 000 residents. In 2012, a population-based needs assessment was conducted in partnership with University of South Florida Health. In the present study, 11 102 surveys were completed and returned. A structural equation model was utilized to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol use as measured by the three-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C). RESULTS: Hazardous drinking was reported in 15.4% of respondents, somewhat higher than the general population of older adults (around 10%). Variables of depressive symptoms, physical activity, total health problems, and poor general health loaded significantly into the factor of depression indicators, which was shown to have a significant, negative correlation with risk of hazardous drinking (λ = 0.16, p CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest at-risk drinking among respondents was not associated with depression, in contrast to studies of older adults living alone where alcohol abuse was often associated with depression. Implications for successful aging are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
A Progressively Realizable Right to Health and Global Governance

A moral right to health or health care is a special instance of a right to fair equality of opportunity. Nation-states generally have the capabilities to specify the entitlements of such a right and to raise the resources needed to satisfy those entitlements. Can these functions be replicated globally, as a global right to health or health care requires? The suggestion that "better global governance" is needed if such a global right is to be claimed requires that these two central capabilities be present. It is unlikely that nation-states would concede these two functions to a form of global governance, for doing so would seriously compromise the authority that is generally included in sovereignty. This claim is a specification of what is often recognized as the "sovereignty problem." The argument of this paper is not an "impossibility" claim, but a best guess about whether the necessary conditions for better global governance that supports a global right to health or health care can be achieved.
The Debs collection at Indiana State University

(1990). The Debs collection at Indiana State University. Labor History: Vol. 31, No. 1-2, pp. 139-144.
Neglected Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios—A study of Fe3+ content of megacrysts from alkali basalts

Petrologists are generally faced with the dilemma of estimating Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ratios for minerals on the basis of microprobe analyses that only identify total iron, commonly given as FeO. Common solutions to this problem include the assumption that all iron is ferrous, or simply calculating Fe 3+ on the basis of stoichiometry from the microprobe analyses. In order to test these assumptions, ferric iron content has been directly measured on Al-augite, kaersutite, and spinel high-pressure megacrysts from alkali basalts by using the technique of Mossbauer spectroscopy. Measured Fe 3+ content does not agree with Fe 3+ calculated from microprobe analyses. Calculated Fe 3+ content varies widely between three augite megacrysts that have nearly identical microprobe analyses and consistent Mossbauer Fe 3+ values. Ferric iron calculations are found to be highly sensitive to very slight variations in Si, 1+, 3+, and 4+ cations, and should be considered generally unreliable. Mantle petrologists generally assume low or neglible ferric iron content in mantle minerals. This study found that 28%-40% of iron was ferric in these eight megacrysts. Similarity of Al-augite and kaersutite megacryst compositions to minerals in mantle xenoliths suggests that minerals in mantle xenoliths may have higher Fe 3+ content than generally believed.
Generation of Aligned Functional Myocardial Tissue Through Microcontact Printing

Advanced heart failure represents a major unmet clinical challenge, arising from the loss of viable and/or fully functional cardiac muscle cells. Despite optimum drug therapy, heart failure represents a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. A major challenge in drug development is the identification of cellular assays that accurately recapitulate normal and diseased human myocardial physiology in vitro. Likewise, the major challenges in regenerative cardiac biology revolve around the identification and isolation of patient-specific cardiac progenitors in clinically relevant quantities. These cells have to then be assembled into functional tissue that resembles the native heart tissue architecture. Microcontact printing allows for the creation of precise micropatterned protein shapes that resemble structural organization of the heart, thus providing geometric cues to control cell adhesion spatially. Herein we describe our approach for the isolation of highly purified myocardial cells from pluripotent stem cells differentiating in vitro, the generation of cell growth surfaces micropatterned with extracellular matrix proteins, and the assembly of the stem cell-derived cardiac muscle cells into anisotropic myocardial tissue.
A review: Cloning of human antibodies by phage display

Abstract Antibodies play a pivotal role in human health and disease. The application of phage display technology represents another milestone in the attempt to gain a better understanding of human antibodies. Immunoglobulin phage display permits human monoclonal antibodies for the first time to be readily available for analysis and for therapeutic use. Recent developments in molecular biology, in particular the polymerase chain reaction, have made it possible to amplify, clone, and express human antibody fragments in prokaryotic organisms. Phagemid display vectors have a distinct advantage over conventional cell culture technology used to immortalize human antibodies, in that one may quickly survey huge immunoglobulin repertoires for an antibody of desired specificity. Dual expression of immunoglobulin variable region light and heavy chain fragments permits combinatorial shuffling and thus an increase in diversity. The development of sophisticated computer algorithms, such as LINUS,57 that can predict the three-dimensional structure of proteins from DNA sequences will have an enormous influence on the characterization and design of human antibodies. Future advances in computer software will be needed to aid in the identification of unique antibody sequence motifs expressed during disease and in the design of antibodies with defined functional epitopes.
Three-dimensional Simulations of the Mean Air Transport During the 1997 Forest Fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia Using a Mesoscale Numerical Model

— This paper describes the meteorological processes responsible for the mean transport of air pollutants during the ENSO-related forest fires in Kalimantan, Indonesia from 00 UTC 21 September to 00 UTC 25 September, 1997. The Fifth Generation of the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to simulate three-dimensional winds at 6-hourly intervals. A nonhydrostatic version of the model is run using two nested grids with horizontal resolutions of 45 km and 15 km. From the simulated wind fields, the backward and forward trajectories of the air parcel are investigated using the Vis5D model.¶The results indicate that the large-scale subsidence over Indonesia, the southwest monsoon low-level flows (2–8 m s−1), and the shallow planetary boundary layer height (400–800 m) play a key role in the transport of air pollutants from Kalimantan to Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.
Different sensitivities to ethanol in alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats

The sensitivity of the P and NP rats to ethanol was determined by the jumping test [23]. Proper interpretation of this test requires knowledge of the regional differences in the distribution of ethanol as a function of time after ethanol injection. Ethanol concentration in brain was higher than those in tail blood and skeletal muscle within the initial 30 min following the intraperitoneal injection of ethanol and was also higher than that in cerebral blood in the first 15 min. However, after 60 min, ethanol concentrations in brain and tail blood were identical. After ethanol injection (2 g/kg), the P rats jumped 88, 78, 85, 54 and 19% higher than the NP rats at 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min, respectively. The tail blood ethanol concentrations did not differ between the P and NP rats after 60 min. The P rats also jumped higher than the NP rats after injection of 1.5 and 2.5 g/kg ethanol. These results indicate that the P rats are innately less sensitive to the effects of ethanol than the NP rats.
Arizona Native Plants and the Urban Challenge

This paper explores how Arizona landscape architects have promoted the use of Sonoran native plants in Phoenix, Tucson, and surrounding desert cities and examines their strategies to create ecologically minded communities in challenging surroundings. In promoting native plants, landscape architects have not only created a vernacular landscape for Arizona’s cities, but have helped find solutions to rising summer temperatures and excessive use of borrowed water. In their planning and design for native plants, they have integrated native plants into the diverse functions of cities, both societal and ecological, creating multifunctional landscapes. While these endeavors have widely entrenched native plant design as part of major urban initiatives in Arizona’s desert cities, they have also revealed radical obstacles for native plant designs. Landscape architects have had to find a place for native plant systems amidst the diverse sets of needs of arid cities, from city-wide infrastructure systems to commercial interests and popular preferences, and in light of an overall energy balance within a desert region. This encounter marks yet another chapter in the history of landscape architects’ work with native plants.
Fine-structure of bilateral radionecrosis in the dorsal hippocampus.

The data with which this paper deals were obtained from white rats receiving limited head X-irradiation, tested for behavioral changes, and sacrificed for light and electron microscopic evaluation 1 year after the irradiation. No evidence was found for a general loss or change in cortical or subcortical neurons. On the other hand, there was bilateral focal degeneration in the fimbria of the fornix in the dorsal hippocampus. This involved considerable numbers of pyramidal and granule cells, presumably secondary to delayed vascular changes. Widespread hypertrophy of astrocytes was noted throughout the irradiated zone. Within each central necrotic zone invasive collagen, reticulin and fibrin were present. In general, blood vessels showed only occasional evidence of thickening. However, the blood vessels in the areas of frank necrosis in the fimbria and internal capsule exhibited intense thickening leading to hyalinization.
The effects of artificial solar radiation on wind-stressed tufted titmice (Parus bicolor) and Carolina chickadees (Parus carolinensis) at low temperatures

Abstract 1. 1. Changes in metabolic rates and behavior were observed in tufted titmice ( Parus bicolor ) and Carolina chickadees ( Parus carolinensis ) exposed to varying conditions of artificial solar radiation, wind, and temperature in a wind tunnel experiment. 2. 2. During the wind-on condition, both species showed a significant decrease in mean metabolic rates in the high radiation treatments when compared to the low radiation treatments ( P 3. 3. Titmouse orientation, posture and level of activity were significantly affected by radiation and wind conditions. 4. 4. Metabolic rates observed in the wind tunnel treatments without wind and at low radiation did not significantly differ from similar standard metabolic (black box) treatments ( P > 0.05). 5. 5. Activity levels did not appear to directly affect metabolic rates observed in the wind tunnel treatments.