cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A NEW MECHANISTIC MODEL FOR PREDICTING WORN TOOL CUTTING FORCES

An enhanced model for predicting worn tool cutting forces in metal cutting without the need for any worn tool calibration tests is presented in this paper. The new model utilizes a previously developed slip-line field approach in conjunction with a mechanistic force model to predict the shear flow stress and shear angle for a range of cutting conditions with only a minimal number of sharp tool calibration tests. The shear flow stress and shear angle values are then used as inputs into a worn tool force model to predict the cutting forces due to tool flank wear. Predictions of worn tool cutting forces from the new model have been compared to experimental data from both a steel and a ductile iron workpiece. Ductile iron tests are significant because previous shear flow stress and shear angle models require chip measurements which cannot be made with the chips produced by iron workpieces. Model predictions are also compared to literature data obtained using an aluminum workpiece. An excellent comparison betw...
A $\beta$ Invariant for Greedoids and Antimatroids

We extend Crapo's fl invariant from matroids to greedoids, con- centrating especially on antimatroids. Several familiar expansions for fl(G) have greedoid analogs. We give combinatorial interpretations for fl(G )f or simplicial shelling antimatroids associated with chordal graphs. When G is this antimatroid and b(G) is the number of blocks of the chordal graph G ,w e prove fl(G )=1 i b ( G).
Readmission after Major Pancreatic Resection: A Necessary Evil?

Background Hospital readmission is under increased scrutiny as a quality metric for surgical performance, yet its relevance after elective, high-acuity operations is poorly understood. We sought to define the clinical nature and economic impact of readmission after major pancreatic resection. Study Design From 2001 to 2009, 578 pancreatic resections followed standardized perioperative care. Clinical and economic outcomes were evaluated and predictors of readmission were identified by regression analysis. Results One hundred and eleven (19%) patients required readmission within 30 days (median 8 days post discharge), with only 12 more readmitted between 31 and 90 days. Twenty-three (21%) patients were readmitted multiple times. Reasons for readmission were procedure-specific complications (48%), general postoperative complications/infections (18.0%), failure to thrive (12%), or medical problems (9%). An additional 14% were readmitted solely for diagnostic evaluation of symptoms without cause. Neither preoperative demographics/acuity nor intraoperative factors influenced readmission. Instead, readmission was predicted by any (odds ratio=2.24) or major (odds ratio=2.19) complications, and clinically relevant (odds ratio=5.05) or latent (odds ratio=4.04) pancreatic fistula. Patient survival was negatively, but not significantly, associated with readmissions. Overall hospital stay and costs were markedly affected by readmission, as readmitted patients cost an average of $16,000 more. Conclusions In this practice-based analysis, readmissions after pancreatic resection were frequent, early, costly, and largely related to procedure-specific complications. As initial hospital stay continues to decline in high-acuity surgery, readmissions might be required for optimal management of complications, which often manifest later in the recovery course. Clinical pathway deviations predict potential readmissions, and might prompt adjustments in management and disposition of patients at risk for returning to the hospital.
Multiversion scheduling in rechargeable energy-aware real-time systems

In the context of battery-powered real-time systems three constraints need to be addressed: energy; deadlines; and task rewards. Many future real-time systems will count on different software versions, each with different rewards, time and energy requirements, to achieve a variety of QoS-aware tradeoffs. We propose a solution that allows the device to run the most valuable task versions while still meeting all deadlines and without depleting the energy. Assuming that the battery is rechargeable, we also propose: (a) a static solution that maximizes the system value assuming a worst-case scenario (i.e., worst-case task execution times); and (b) a dynamic scheme that takes advantage of the extra energy in the system when worst-case scenarios do not happen. Three dynamic policies are shown to make better use of the recharging energy while improving the system value.
Sexual selection on color and behavior within and between cichlid populations: Implications for speciation

Sexual selection is widely viewed as playing a central role in haplochromine cichlid speciation. Hypothetically, once divergent mate preferences evolve among populations of these fishes, reproductive isolation follows and the populations begin to behave as different species. Various studies have examined patterns of assortative mating among species and sometimes popula- tions, but few have examined variation in directional preferences, especially among populations of the same species. We investi- gated mate choice behavior in two populations of Labeotropheus fuelleborni, a Lake Malawi endemic. We test whether mating preferences between populations are based on the same traits and in the same direction as preferences within populations. We examine the potential contributions of two classes of trait, color patterns and behaviors, to reproductive isolation. When females chose between either two males of their own population, or two from another, female preferences were generally similar (for the female population) across the two contexts. Mate choice patterns differed between (female) populations for a measure of color, but only modestly for male behavior. In a separate experiment we simultaneously offered females a male of their own population and a male from a different population. In these trials, females consistently preferred males from their own population, which were also the males that displayed more frequently than their opponents, but not necessarily those with color traits suggested to be most attractive in the previous experiment. Thus directional preferences for chroma and related aspects of color may be important when females are presented with males of otherwise similar phenotypes, but may play little role in mediating assortative mating among populations with substantially different color patterns. A preference for male behavior could play some role in speciation if males preferentially court same-population females, as we have observed for the populations studied herein (Current Zoology 58 (3): 475-483, 2012).
Choroid plexus infections: neuroimaging appearances of four cases.

1 Summary: This report presents four cases in which CNS infec­ tions caused pathologic changes in the choroid plexus that were detected by neuroimaging studies, discusses the differential diagnosis of these lesions, and describes the anatomy and physiology of the choroid plexus.
Infrastructure Development Plans

The general impression that would be gained from our discussion thus far is that every economic activity has a foundation; therefore, the infrastructure concept for an entire country is somewhat confusing in the sense that we have not quite decided what kind of prioritization should be used to develop an infrastructure model that is mostly beneficial for that country. In fact, this may be a critical barrier in the economic development of the third world countries. Perhaps something can be learned from the European Union’s Structural Fund, which is intended to help increase economic and social cohesion among its members, particularly new members of the union that are not quite developed. Part of this major fund, The European Regional Development Fund, finances infrastructures, job-creation investments, local development projects, and provides some help for small firms (Puigcerver-Penalver 2007). Once again, as previously noted in this book, infrastructure, entrepreneurship, and economic development are intimately related. Without a well-planned and positive relationship among these factors, there may not be much, if any, economic progress. Throughout this book, we have discussed some critical implications and varying dimensions of infrastructure development, but we have not discussed where the infrastructure planning and development should come from or who will prepare them. In this very practical, but also very essential, area there are numerous problems.
Targeted Therapy and Their Ocular Complications

The rapid advancements in the field of oncology have resulted in the transition from cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents to molecularly targeted therapies that interfere with cellular signaling pathways important for the survival and propagation of neoplastic cells. Some of these agents have changed the landscape in the management of several hematologic and solid malignancies. Molecularly targeted agents are selected and designed to provide the maximal antitumor affect with the minimal functional alteration of the normal healthy cells. However, the complexity of cellular pathways proves very difficult to design therapeutic agents that do not overlap with the physiologic activities of the normal human tissues. The recognition of a myriad of distinct adverse effects related to the molecularly targeted therapies has emerged over the last decade with their increased clinical usage.
The Neuromuscular Response to Spinal Manipulation in the Presence of Pain

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in muscle activity in participants with and without low back pain during a side-lying lumbar diversified spinal manipulation. Methods Surface and indwelling electromyography at eight muscle locations were recorded during lumbar side-lying manipulations in 20 asymptomatic participants and 20 participants with low back pain. The number of muscle responses and muscle activity onset delays in relation to the manipulation impulse were compared in the 2 pain groups using mixed linear regressions. Effect sizes for all comparisons were calculated using Cohen's d . Results Muscle responses occurred in 61.6% ± 23.6% of the EMG locations in the asymptomatic group and 52.8% ± 26.3% of the symptomatic group. The difference was not statistically significant but there was a small effect of pain ( d = 0.350). Muscle activity onset delays were longer for the symptomatic group at every EMG location except the right side indwelling L5 electrode, and a small effect of pain was present at the left L2, quadratus lumborum and trapezius surface electrodes ( d = 0.311, 0.278, and 0.265) respectively. The indwelling electrodes demonstrated greater muscle responses ( P ≤ .01) and shorter muscle activity onset delays ( P Conclusions The results revealed trends that indicate participants with low back pain have less muscle responses, and when muscle responses are present they occur with longer onset delays following the onset of a manipulation impulse.
Mechanical Break Junctions: Enormous Information in a Nanoscale Package

Mechanical break junctions, particularly those in which a metal tip is repeatedly moved in and out of contact with a metal film, have provided many insights into electronic conduction at the atomic and molecular scale, most often by averaging over many possible junction configurations. This averaging throws away a great deal of information, and Makk et al. in this issue of ACS Nano demonstrate that, with both simulated and real experimental data, more sophisticated two-dimensional analysis methods can reveal information otherwise obscured in simple histograms. As additional measured quantities come into play in break junction experiments, including thermopower, noise, and optical response, these more sophisticated analytic approaches are likely to become even more powerful. While break junctions are not directly practical for useful electronic devices, they are incredibly valuable tools for unraveling the electronic transport physics relevant for ultrascaled nanoelectronics.
Development of Three Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry for Supersonic Flow

A system was developed that allows for three-dimensional three-component flow velocity measurements. The hardware setup of this system is similar to Defocusing Digital Particle Image Velocimetry. The three dimensional location of particles is found by measuring the angles to the particles from three known CCD and lens positions, which allows for triangulation of the particles. From experiments the camera was found to have velocity measurements accurate to within 0.25% for velocities parallel to the camera face and to within 2.5% for velocities perpendicular to the camera face. Preliminary flow velocity measurements of a sonic jet have been made. These results show great promise; however, the number of vectors is lower than desired as a result of low particle image brightness.
Drier air, lower temperatures, and triggering of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Background:The few previous studies on the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and meteorologic conditions have focused on outdoor temperature and hospital admissions, but hospital admissions are a crude indicator of atrial fibrillation incidence, and studies have found other weather measures in
Data Integration and Data Exchange: It's Really About Time.

With the deluge in the amount and variety of data in the world, it is rare for data that describes an entity to be completely contained and managed by a single data source. As a consequence, there is often great value in combining data about an entity from multiple sources, and also from versions of data reported by the same source over time. Data integration in which multiple dimensions of time may be expressed explicitly (e.g., as part of the data itself) or implicitly (e.g., the publication date of a data source), must be performed with great care. This is because each data source contains only partial (time-specific) knowledge about an entity, and thus their collective knowledge about the entity may contain conflicts that need to be resolved. In this paper, we call for a formal framework for data integration and data exchange across time that would facilitate the creation of consistent and integrated longitudinal knowledge about entities. We call such longitudinal knowledge of an entity its whenprovenance, which intuitively corresponds to when one knows what one knows about the entity. We believe that the vision and research directions described in this paper will serve to instigate the research and development of the next generation data integration and data exchange system, where both data and time can be reasoned on equal footing.
The Maximal Expiratory-to-Inspiratory Pressure Ratio and Supine Vital Capacity as Screening Tests for Diaphragm Dysfunction

The change in vital capacity from the seated to supine position (∆VC-supine) is used to screen for diaphragm dysfunction (DD), but some individuals are unable to tolerate the supine position. Since expiratory muscle function is often preserved in patients with isolated DD and inspiratory strength is reduced, the purpose of this study was to examine if the ratio of maximal expiratory pressure to maximal inspiratory pressure (MEP/MIP) may provide an alternative to ∆VC-supine when screening patients for DD. We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 76 patients referred for evaluation of unexplained dyspnea and possible DD. MEP and MIP were measured in the seated position as well as the percent change in VC from the seated to supine position (∆VC-supine %). The presence of unilateral diaphragm paralysis (UDP), bilateral diaphragm paralysis (BDP), or normal diaphragm function (N) was confirmed by ultrasound. Of the 76 patients, 23 had N, 40 had UDP, and 13 had BDP. MEP/MIP was significantly greater for UDP compared to N (2.1(1.2–5.7) and 1.5(0.7–2.2), respectively) (median and interquartile range) and for BDP compared to UDP (4.3(2.3–7.5) and 2.1(1.2–5.7), respectively) (p < 0.001). The area (AUC) under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for MEP/MIP between N and UDP was 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.94) and between UDP and BDP was 0.90 (95% CI 0.80–0.99). MEP/MIP had a strong monotonic relationship with ∆VC-supine % (Spearman’s ρ = 0.68, p < 0.001). The MEP/MIP ratio provides a method with comparable sensitivity and specificity to ∆VC-supine % that can be used to screen patients with suspected isolated phrenic neuropathy and alleviates the need for measuring supine pulmonary function.
Case Study: Jamaica Bay Fringing Vegetation: Restoring Upland Habitats at an Urban Shoreline

Sea level rise will cause many habitats near the water to be inundated by tides and increased storm surges. At Jamaica Bay, NY, a road and bridge construction project gave the opportunity to improve the vegetation by eliminating invasive non-native plant species and restoring elements of the historic plant biodiversity here. The restoration plan was designed to be a mosaic of habitats, from meadows to maritime forests. Different solutions were needed on either side of the roadway, as storm surges are more frequent to the south. A practical framework of choices for an ecological landscape is proposed, from no action, to modest interventions against the invasive plants or removal of all invasive patches, to focus on the construction zone, and for separate decisions for the two sides of the roadway. Native coastal plant palettes are suggested to reflect future stresses of climate change. Any addition of native plants increases wildlife habitat value as well as the public experience of the city's natural heritage. Even in this highly disturbed area, additional biodiversity can add to ecological services for both the wildlife and human populations.
Creep of Polycrystalline Nickel

Minimum creep rates of nickel samples were measured in the stress region of 2.5×107 to 2.8×109 dyne per sq cm and the temperature region of 400° to 1100°C. The creep rate seems to be proportional to (stress)4.6 at stresses below 7×108 dyne per sq cm. The activation energy of creep is approximately 65,000 cal per mol.
Predicting sugar-sweetened behaviours with theory of planned behaviour constructs: Outcome and process results from the SIPsmartER behavioural intervention.

Objective: Guided by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and health literacy concepts, SIPsmartER is a six-month multicomponent intervention effective at improving SSB behaviours. Using SIPsmartER data, this study explores prediction of SSB behavioural intention (BI) and behaviour from TPB constructs using: (1) cross-sectional and prospective models and (2) 11 single-item assessments from interactive voice response (IVR) technology.Design: Quasi-experimental design, including pre- and post-outcome data and repeated-measures process data of 155 intervention participants.Main Outcome Measures: Validated multi-item TPB measures, single-item TPB measures, and self-reported SSB behaviours. Hypothesised relationships were investigated using correlation and multiple regression models.Results: TPB constructs explained 32% of the variance cross sectionally and 20% prospectively in BI; and explained 13–20% of variance cross sectionally and 6% prospectively. Single-item scale models were significant, yet explained...
The Political Geography of European Russia: Republics and Oblasts

A prominent American Sovietologist and specialist on Russian government and politics examines the 1996 presidential election in European Russia and correlates regional voting patterns with attitudes toward economic reform, the West, and the disintegration of the USSR. The study presents the results of a March 1997 survey, which incorporated 3,800 responses from young adults aged 17 to 33 in the oblasts and 13,000-16,000 responses from high school students in republic capitals. It identifies and explains differences in voting patterns in ethnic versus non-ethnic territorial units, noting anomalous shifts in voting between the first and second rounds. Also presented and analyzed are young people's attitudes toward the principal candidates as well as economic issues. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H10, I31, O52.31 tables, 19 references.
Black Queen markets: commensalism, dependency, and the evolution of cooperative specialization in human society

Where positive externalities are structural inevitabilities of particular behaviors and strategies (e.g. “Black Queen (BQ) functions”), stable commensalism is both possible and likely even between individuals who would otherwise be in close competition, and the coexistence thus stabilized generates opportunity for the eventual development of mutual and collective benefit. Here we review examples of BQ functions in animal behavior, both in the natural world and in human economies, with a focus on how these functions encourage the evolution of specialization and division of labor. The non-human examples we consider range from microbial systems to vertebrate communities while the human examples consider economic agents ranging from foraging societies to superpowers. With these examples, we discuss four classes of BQ functions: (i) functions that protect against harmful things in the environment; (ii) functions that provide products with value added relative to their constituent parts; (iii) functions that provide structures that can be utilized by other organisms; and (iv) functions that yield information. We also explore a set of examples where BQ-stabilized commensal relationships developed into two-way exchange relationships in human systems: (i) the ancient mutualism between humans and dogs, (ii) the division of labor in human societies between sexes and age groups, and (iii) the dominance of Silicon Valley over other regional technology centers. We conclude that BQ functions are an underappreciated motivator of markets and communities and suggest future experimental evolution research encouraged by our perspective.
Characterizing the impact of soft errors across microarchitectural structures and implications for predictability

The trends of transistor size and system complexity scaling continue. As a result, soft errors in the system, including the processor core, are predicted to become one of the major reliability challenges. A fraction of soft errors at the device level could become an unmasked error visible to the user. Unmasked soft errors may manifest as a detectable error, which could be recoverable (DRE) or unrecoverable (DUE), or a Silent Data Corruption (SDC). Detecting and recovering from an SDC is especially challenging since an explicit checker is needed to detect erroneous state. Predicting when SDCs are more likely could be valuable in designing resilient systems. To gain insight, we evaluate the Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF) of all major in-core memory structures of an out-of-order superscalar processor. In particular, we focus on the vulnerability factors for detectable and unrecoverable errors (DUE AVF ) and silent data corruptions (SDC AVF ) across windows of execution to study their characteristics, time-varying behavior, and their predictability using a linear regression trained offline. We perform more than 35 million microarchitectural fault injection simulations and, if necessary, run-to-completion using functional simulations to determine AVF, DUE AVF , and SDC AVF . Our study shows that, similar to AVF, DUE AVF and SDC AVF vary over time and across applications. We also find significant differences in DUE AVF and SDC AVF across the processor structures we studied. Furthermore, we find that DUE AVF can be predicted using a linear regression with similar accuracy as AVF estimation. However, SDC AVF could not be predicted with the same level of accuracy. As a remedy, we propose adding a software vulnerability factor, in the form of SDC PVF , to the linear regression model for estimating SDC AVF . We find that SDC PVF of the Architectural Register File explains most of the behavior of SDC AVF for the combined microarchitectural structures studied in this paper. Our evaluation shows that the addition of SDC PVF improves the accuracy by 5.19×, on average, to a level similar to DUE AVF and AVF estimates. We also evaluate the impact of limiting software-layer reliability information to only 5 basic blocks (16× cost reduction, on average), and observe that it increases error only by 18.7%, on average.
Immunological enhancement: a study of blocking antibodies.

Publisher Summary Immunological blockade (IB) may be defined as the inhibition or delay by antibodies of an immune response to specific antigens. This chapter discusses the components and putative mechanisms of IB, which is a synonym of immunological enhancement. IB is depicted as a balanced interaction among antibody, antigen, and responding host. Antibodies that mediate IB belong to the 7 γG class. The host provides an integral ingredient to the process of IB, the nature of which is obscure. To extend the viability of skin homografts in adults that differ at the major histocompatibility locus for more than a few days beyond a normal survival period of 7 to 10 days has been difficult and often unattainable. In neonatal rats, however, survival of skin homografts may continue for weeks in a fraction of grafted recipients; the younger the recipient neonates the more prolonged the viability. Also, in adults that have been irradiated with sublethal doses of X-rays have been thymectomized or have been manipulated with immunosuppressive reagents; skin graft survival may be prolonged days and weeks beyond the usual time of rejection. These observations imply that the immunological apparatus of the recipient must be poorly developed, deficient, or interfered with so that homografts, with the aid of blocking antibodies, may survive for lengthy periods.
Axillary ultrasound identifies residual nodal disease after chemotherapy: Results from the American college of surgeons oncology group Z1071 trial (Alliance)

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to determine lymph node features on axillary ultrasound (US) images obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy that are associated with residual nodal disease i...
Insulin-like growth factor-1 potentiates expansion of interleukin-7- dependent pro-B cells

Commitment to B-lymphocyte differentiation is characterized by expression of the B220 form of the common leukocyte antigen (Ly-5) and D-JH rearrangement of the Ig heavy chain gene complex. B-lineage progenitor cells, or pro-B cells, that have initiated Ig gene rearrangement, but do not express detectable Ig heavy or light chain protein, have recently been shown to retain substantial capacity for expansion in vitro in the presence of bone marrow (BM) stromal cells and interleukin-7 (IL-7). Although the potentiating effect of stromal cells on pro-B-cell proliferation can be partially attributed to the ligand for the proto-oncogene receptor c-kit (c-kit ligand [KL] or stem cell factor), several lines of evidence suggest that c-kit-mediated cell signalling is not required for pro-B-cell expansion. Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) potentiated the proliferative effect of IL-7 on nonadherent cells from lymphoid long-term BM cultures in a manner similar to that shown for KL. To further delineate specific cell stages that respond to lymphopoietic cytokines, we derived continuously proliferating pro-B-cell lines from day-14 murine fetal liver in the presence of IL-7 and BM stromal cell clone S10. Initial expansion and continued proliferation of these pro-B-cell lines was absolutely dependent on the presence of both IL-7 and stromal cells. In the absence of KL, IL-7-stimulated proliferation of these cells in short-term cultures and addition of either recombinant IGF-1 or KL significantly potentiated this proliferative response. Although IGF-2 and insulin also potentiated the effect of IL-7, our data suggest that neither IGF-2 nor insulin represent normal regulators of intramyeloid lymphocyte development. IGF-1 and KL activate unique cascades of intracellular signalling events and inclusion of both cytokines in cultures of IL-7-stimulated pro-B cells resulted in additive potentiation of the proliferative response. Taken together, these results suggest that expansion of pro-B cells in vivo is maintained by at least three stromal cell-derived cytokines. IL-7 appears to be unique in delivering the primary proliferative signal for pro-B-cell expansion; however, both KL and IGF-1 potentiate the proliferative effect of IL-7 on these cells. The functional redundancy and additive effects of IGF-1 and KL as amplification signals for developing B-lineage cells underscore the essential nature of clonal expansion and diversification in development of immunocompetent lymphoid cells.
3 – Molecular Modeling of Small Molecules

This chapter attempts to demonstrate that molecular modeling, in particular; and simulation, in general, represent complementary alternatives to theory and experiment for solving scientific problems. In attempts to predict the properties of new systems, experiment is expensive and often difficult, and needs direction to be productive. Also, theory is usually insufficient to get the prediction exactly right. In our experience, models—mathematical/statistical, molecular, and mechanistic—can harness theory and can indicate the correct experiments to run. Reasons for performing a modeling study are numerous. The best reasons are to understand an experimental system or results; to optimize information to be derived from a planned experiment; or to apply theoretical or structural information to a scientific problem. There are many possible methods and applications of molecular modeling. The chapter attempts to give the reader a feel for the types of studies that can be done, and why they would be done. Molecular structures may be generated by a variety of procedures. This chapter discusses structure generation or retrieval; structure visualization; conformation generation; deriving bioactive conformations; molecule superposition and alignment; deriving the pharmacophoric pattern; receptor mapping; estimating biological activities molecular interactions; docking; calculation of molecular properties; and energy calculations. Once a structure is created, a number of techniques may be used to generate different conformations of the structure and to rate them. One of the most popular uses of molecular modeling systems is to visualize molecular structures and interactions in order to calibrate the chemist's intuition.
The impact of sleep disturbances (SD) on quality of life, psychological morbidity, and survival of advanced cancer patients (ACP) and caregivers (CG).

10115Background: SD have been described as a significant symptom burden for cancer patients and their caregivers. However, in advanced cancer, the prevalence of SD and its impact on the quality of ...
Airborne vector sensor experiments within an anechoic chamber

A technique to measure acoustic particle velocity in air is demonstrated in a controlled set of experiments conducted within an anechoic chamber at the Army Research Lab (ARL-Adelphi). This air-borne vector sensor measures acoustic pressure with an omnidirectional microphone and the 3D acceleration of a lightweight, rigid sphere with an embedded high-sensitivity tri-axial accelerometer. Two experiments are presented to demonstrate fundamental properties of the acoustic vector field: sound directionality, and the relative phase of pressure and particle velocity in the near to far field transition. Directional studies are implemented in the far-field of a speaker producing tones, defined by kr>>1, where r is the range from the speaker and k is the acoustic wavenumber. The pressure-velocity phase relationship is examined through the transition kr > 1 by changing frequency and sensor range. For comparison, a tri-axial Microflown sensor simultaneously recorded the acoustic field. As neither sensor measures particle velocity directly, the phase characteristics of sensors depend on the sensing technique and corrections must be made to account for the true phase of particle velocity. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.A technique to measure acoustic particle velocity in air is demonstrated in a controlled set of experiments conducted within an anechoic chamber at the Army Research Lab (ARL-Adelphi). This air-borne vector sensor measures acoustic pressure with an omnidirectional microphone and the 3D acceleration of a lightweight, rigid sphere with an embedded high-sensitivity tri-axial accelerometer. Two experiments are presented to demonstrate fundamental properties of the acoustic vector field: sound directionality, and the relative phase of pressure and particle velocity in the near to far field transition. Directional studies are implemented in the far-field of a speaker producing tones, defined by kr>>1, where r is the range from the speaker and k is the acoustic wavenumber. The pressure-velocity phase relationship is examined through the transition kr > 1 by changing frequency and sensor range. For comparison, a tri-axial Microflown sensor simultaneously recorded the acoustic field. As ...
Manometry Evaluation in Ileal Pouch Disorders

Abstract Anorectal or anopouch manometry plays a key role in the evaluation of functional pouch disorders, such as dyssynergic defecation and irritable pouch syndrome. Manometry can reliably measure sensation and sphincter pressure in the evaluation of incontinence and nocturnal seepage in patients with pouches. In addition, manometric abnormalities such as paradoxical contractions, can be present in patients with mechanical or inflammatory disorders of the pouch, such as afferent limb syndrome, pouch prolapse, pouchitis, cuffitis, and Crohn’s disease of the pouch. Physical therapy of functional pouch disorders may be beneficial to the treatment of mechanical or inflammatory disorders. On the other hand, medical or surgical treatment of the mechanical and inflammatory disorders of the pouch may help improve symptomatology and manometric features in those with functional pouch disorders. Manometry may also be performed to document the response to physical therapy for pelvic floor or anal sphincter dysfunction.
Rater Model Using Signal Detection Theory for Latent Differential Rater Functioning.

Differential rater functioning (DRF) occurs when raters show evidence of exercising differential severity or leniency when scoring examinees within different subgroups. Previous studies of ...
Medicaid Coverage and Continuity for Juvenile Justice–Involved Youth:

This study examined Medicaid coverage and continuity for youth with varying levels of justice system involvement and the impact of a policy change allowing Medicaid suspension, rather than terminat...
Numerical Simulation of an AUV Thruster During Maneuvering

Abstract : Preliminary results are presented from a numerical study of the unsteady hydrodynamics of all AUV thruster. A vortex-lattice, lifting surface model, developed originally for ship propellers operating under normal design conditions at constant angular velocity, is modified to handle unsteady operating conditions of an AUV thruster during dynamic positioning and maneuvering. The present numerical code applies to an unducted propeller though the method can be modified to handle ducted propellers. The results from sample runs of the thruster undergoing step changes and sinusoidal oscillations in the angular velocity of the propeller are shown.
Correlation of messenger RNA levels with protein defects in specific granule deficiency

Neutrophil specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare congenital disorder of unknown cause associated with an impaired inflammatory response and an absence of neutrophil secondary granules. Reduced levels of several neutrophil proteins have led to the suggestion that the defect may lie at the level of transcription, a hypothesis that is supported by abnormally low levels of lactoferrin message in the bone marrow of two SGD patients. We have examined the level of seven granule protein RNAs in one SGD patient and have compared them with reported protein levels. We have found the RNA levels for all of these genes to be reduced in proportion to the decreased levels of their respective proteins. These data further support the hypothesis that the reduced protein levels reflect a defect in transcriptional control.
Computational Mechanistic Study of Electro-Oxidation of Ammonia to N2 by Homogenous Ruthenium and Iron Complexes.

A comprehensive DFT study of the electrocatalytic oxidation of ammonia to dinitrogen by a ruthenium polypyridyl complex, [(tpy)(bpy)RuII(NH3)]2+ (a), and its NMe2-substituted derivative (b) is presented. The thermodynamics and kinetics of electron (ET) and proton transfer (PT) steps and transition states are calculated. NMe2 substitution on bpy reduces the ET steps on average 8 kcal/mol for complex b as compared to a. The calculations indicate that N–N formation occurs by ammonia nucleophilic attack/H-transfer via a nitrene intermediate rather than a nitride intermediate. Comparison of the free energy profiles of Ru-b with its first-row Fe congener reveals that the thermodynamics are less favorable for the Fe-b model, especially for ET steps. The N–H bond dissociation free energies (BDFEs) for NH3 to form N2 show the following trend: Ru-b < Ru-a < Fe-b, indicating the lowest and most favorable BDFEs for Ru-b complex.
Economic assessment of organic, eco-friendly, and conventional peach production methods in Northern Utah

Economic Assessment of Organic, Eco-Friendly, and Conventional Peach Production Methods in Northern Utah
An Empirical Examination of the Occupational Attainment of American Veterans of World War I

Objectives The occupational distributions of World War I (WWI) veterans and nonveterans are compared to determine if military service enhanced a worker's occupational mobility. Methods Qualitative‐response logistic regressions are estimated using U.S. Census data from 1930 to 1950. Results WWI veterans are more likely to be employed in higher skilled occupations than nonveterans, after controlling for education, age, and other demographic traits. Conclusions Skills, knowledge, and other attributes of military service helped WWI veterans achieve a greater degree of upward occupational mobility than nonveterans.
Analysis and Demonstration of a Dynamic ZVS Angle Control Using a Tuning Capacitor in a Wireless Power Transfer System

In this article, a dynamic zero-voltage switching (ZVS) angle control scheme on the wireless power transfer (WPT) system inverter is proposed by implementing a tuning capacitor. High-frequency (HF) and high-power WPT systems are desired in battery charging applications to reduce the battery charging time. Consequently, the power semiconductor devices are subjected to increased voltage, current, and thermal stresses. In this article, the switching losses in the primary-side inverter of a WPT system are suppressed by realizing the ZVS operation during the battery charging process. A dual-loop control strategy is proposed, which involves traditional phase shift control between the inverter phase legs to maintain constant-current (CC)/constant-voltage (CV) at the output and a tuning capacitor to dynamically tune the ZVS angle. The dynamic tuning of the ZVS angle ensures a minimum reactive power requirement from the input source and, therefore, helps to improve the overall efficiency of the system. Closed-loop simulations of the proposed control strategy are carried out using the piecewise linear electrical circuit simulation (PLECS) simulation software. The proposed control strategy is verified on a 10-W WPT prototype by performing the open-loop experimental validations. The maximum efficiency of the proposed control strategy is found to be $\sim 87 \%$ during the CC/CV charging modes. The improvement of $\sim 10 \%$ in the dc–dc efficiency is achieved with the proposed ZVS control strategy.
Compounding Pearls -- Wound Care: Drugs and Formulations for Dermal Healing.

Diseases of and injuries to the human skin have been recognized since antiquity as health hazards that can increase morbidity and mortality and greatly compromise quality of life. The earliest effective treatments for such conditions and disorders were compounded, as were all ancient medicaments, to accommodate individual patient sensitivities and responses to therapy. That tradition continues today in precision pharmaceutical compounding, which is an essential component in a triad of medical and pharmaceutical care that actively involves physicians, pharmacists, and patients. To ensure a good therapeutic outcome, compounders must be acutely aware of drug compatibilities and adverse interactions. Those topics are addressed in this second article in a series on agents that, when effectively compounded, promote dermal healing when conventional therapies fail to do so or cannot be tolerated by the patient. Misoprostol, gabapentin, ketamine, and aloe vera are described in that regard. Formulations that are, at the time of this writing, unavailable in the literature are also provided.
Successful Patient-Derived Organoid Culture of Gynecologic Cancers for Disease Modeling and Drug Sensitivity Testing.

Developing reliable experimental models that can predict clinical response before treating the patient is a high priority in gynecologic cancer research, especially in advanced or recurrent endometrial and ovarian cancers. Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) represent such an opportunity. Herein, we describe our successful creation of 43 tumor organoid cultures and nine adjacent normal tissue organoid cultures derived from patients with endometrial or ovarian cancer. From an initial set of 45 tumor tissues and seven ascites fluid samples harvested at surgery, 83% grew as organoids. Drug sensitivity testing and organoid cell viability assays were performed in 19 PDOs, a process that was accomplished within seven days of obtaining the initial surgical tumor sample. Sufficient numbers of cells were obtained to facilitate testing of the most commonly used agents for ovarian and endometrial cancer. The models reflected a range of sensitivity to platinum-containing chemotherapy as well as other relevant agents. One PDO from a patient treated prior to surgery with neoadjuvant trastuzumab successfully predicted the patient’s postoperative chemotherapy and trastuzumab resistance. In addition, the PDO drug sensitivity assay identified alternative treatment options that are currently used in the second-line setting. Our findings suggest that PDOs could be used as a preclinical platform for personalized cancer therapy for gynecologic cancer patients.
A Technique for Determining the Nozzle-Flow Properties of Air in an Equilibrium, Nonequilibrium, or Frozen State

One of the problems associated with the development of high-enthalpy hypersonic test facilities hos been the determination of nozzle flow properties. This note presents a technique for determining the flow properties of air in an equilibrium, non-equilibrium, or frozen state using two test section measurements. A knowledge of two stagnation properties is required before the technique can be applied. The stagnation pressure can be measured, and reference 1 offers a method for determining stagnation enthalpy. Results of the calculations using the method of reference 1 are presented in reference 2 in a chart (chart 21) which can be readily used to determine the stagnation enthalpy from measurements of stagnation pressure, mass flow of air through the tunnel, and throat diameter.
Skipping Meals and Less Walking Among African Americans Diagnosed With Preterm Labor

Purpose: The aim was to compare meal frequency, macronutrient intake, and physical activity between African Americans with preterm labor and those without preterm labor. Design: A descriptive comparative study was used with 80 pregnant African Americans. Methods: Three 24-hour diet recalls, the Block 2005 food frequency questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and Perceived Stress Scale were collected at 24 to 34 weeks of gestation. Findings: The odds of skipping meals for women in the preterm labor group was 3.57 times the odds of skipped meals for women in the term labor group (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28–10.16, p=.006). The association was increased to 6.86 (95% CI 2.13–22.12, p<.001) after adjustment for age, prepregnancy body mass index, education, and income. Walking was significantly less in terms of total amount of walking in the preterm labor group (p=.03). Conclusions: Results have implications for prenatal counseling regarding the importance of frequent meal and snack consumption throughout the day. Further research is necessary to establish the mechanisms by which energy consumption contributes to risk for preterm labor. Clinical Relevance: Pregnancy is a time when health professionals monitor women regularly and presents a unique opportunity for practitioners to communicate the importance of frequent meals and snacks throughout pregnancy, as well as the health benefits of walking as a form of physical activity.
Enabling Scalable Hybrid Systems: Architectures for Exploiting Large-Area Electronics in Applications

By enabling diverse and large-scale transducers, large-area electronics raises the potential for electronic systems to interact much more extensively with the physical world than is possible today. This can substantially expand the scope of applications, both in number and in value. But first, translation into applications requires a base of system functions (instrumentation, computation, power management, communication). These cannot be realized on the desired scale by large-area electronics alone. It is necessary to combine large-area electronics with high-performance, high-efficiency technologies, such as crystalline silicon CMOS, within hybrid systems . Scalable hybrid systems require rethinking the subsystem architectures from the start by considering how the technologies should be interfaced, on both a functional and physical level. To explore platform architectures along with the supporting circuits and devices, we consider as an application driver, a self-powered sheet for high-resolution structural health monitoring (of bridges and buildings). Top-down evaluation of design alternatives within the hybrid design space and pursuit of template architectures exposes circuit functions and device optimizations traditionally overlooked by bottom-up approaches alone.
Strategic impact of the changing healthcare landscape

Dramatic changes are occurring in the health care industry. These will have profound implications for the technology provided and supported by clinical engineers. Healthcare has been transformed from a service to a product. Market forces, legislation and regulation have driven this change. New definitions of the customers for clinical engineering services have been created. Demands from these new customers are driving new expectations for lower costs, innovative functions and non-traditional environments of service delivery. Clinical engineers will need to respond to these challenges and opportunities by innovating, integrating, and becoming even more customer-conscious.
Biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative medicine (81.2)

Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies aim to provide tissue substitutes for repair of defects due to disease, trauma, or congenital abnormalities. Biomaterials play a key role in ...
Geospatial Data Integration

• Mobile version of WorldInfo Assistant • Define and utilize spatial reasoning principles • Build a general geospatial integration framework. • Integration of final version of spatial-temporal integration techniques into RIMS and 2020Classroom • Wrapper : Query online data sources • Heracles : Interactive data-driven constraint-based hierarchical planner • Space Embedding: K nearest neighbor search and shortest-path finding • Conflation : Efficient and automatic satellite imagery and vector data alignment Research Approach: GeoSpatial Data Integration Techniques