cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organization and nucleotide sequences of the human tyrosinase gene and a truncated tyrosinase-related segment.

Abstract We have isolated and sequenced the gene encoding human tyrosinase, the key enzyme in pigment biosynthesis. The human tyrosinase gene contains five exons and spans more than 50 kb of DNA on chromosome segment 11q14→q21. We have also isolated a second segment in the human genome that is closely related to tyrosinase. The tyrosinase-related segment, located on 11p11.2→cen, contains only exons 4 and 5 plus adjacent noncoding regions. This segment is present in all human ethnic groups analyzed, and the noncoding nucleotide sequences shared by the 11q tyrosinase gene and the 11p tyrosinase-related segment differ by only 2.6%. This suggests that this segment of the tyrosinase gene was duplicated approximately 24 million years ago.
Defensive and repressive coping styles: Self-presentation, leisure activities, and assessment☆

Abstract The purpose of this study was to (1) extend previous research demonstrating the positive self-presentation styles of defensive and repressive subjects; (2) investigate the types and amounts of exercise and hobby activities as possible coping mechanisms among repressors; and (3) compare the Marlowe-Crowne (MC) and the EPI Lie (L) scales as measures of defensiveness. Personality, life stress, exercise, and hobby questionnaires were administered to 110 male college students. A structured telephone interview was also conducted to assess the reliability of their exercise and hobby self-report information and to further refine the assessment of these variables. Overall, the results support the notion that defensiveness and repression are associated with positive self-presentation styles and with types and amount of time spent in leisure activities. The results support the notion that the MC scale and L scale should not be used interchangeably to assess defensiveness. It is hypothesized that the MC and L scales measure different levels and aspects of defensiveness. Directions for future research are discussed.
Using Region to Market Wine to International Consumers

This study adds to the food products marketing and product development literature by comparing the purchasing behaviors of wine consuming segments in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States when faced with a lack of information. Region of origin information was the most popular coping mechanism in the United States and Australia when unsure about making a wine selection. New Zealanders place the most emphasis on medals won. Daily wine consumers relied more on region of origin information than moderate consumers in the United States but this was not true in Australia and New Zealand.
No-reference multiscale blur detection tool for content based image retrieval

ABSTRACT In recent years, digital cameras have been widely used for image capturing. These devices are equipped in cell phones, laptops, tablets, webcams, etc. Image quality is an important component of digital image analysis. To assess image quality for these mobile products, a standard image is required as a reference image. In this case, Root Mean Square Error and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio can be used to measure the quality of the images. However, these methods are not possible if there is no reference image. In our approach, a discrete-wavelet transformation is applied to the blurred image, which decomposes into the approximate image and three detail sub-images, namely horizontal, vertical, and diagonal images. We then focus on noise-measuring the detail images and blur-measuring the approximate image to assess the image quality. We then compute noise mean and noise ratio from the detail images, and blur mean and blur ratio from the approximate image. The Multi-scale Blur Detection (MBD) metric provides both an assessment of the noise and blur content. These values are weighted based on a linear regression against full-reference y values. From these statistics, we can compare to normal useful image statistics for image quality without needing a reference image. We then test the validity of our obtained weights by R
Classroom exercise demonstrating linked list operations

This paper describes a strategy whereby, using directly manipulable items, one can show the behaviors of a linked list, and even show some of the details of linked list manipulations. The students themselves operate as the linked list nodes, and retain the attributes of data value and next list node.
Non-Operative Management of Right Posterior Sectoral Duct Injury Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

The purpose of this study is to describe the outcomes of conservative management for patients with right posterior sectoral bile duct injury acquired during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This retrospective, consecutive case series reviews seven patients with an isolated injury to the right posterior or right hepatic duct occurring during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Seven patients with an isolated right sectoral duct injury were studied, six women and one man aged 22 to 71 years (mean age, 43.6 years). Diagnosis of bile duct injury occurred between 1 day and 13 weeks after the initial cholecystectomy. Three patients had plastic biliary stents placed and six patients had JP drains placed. All patients in this series were managed conservatively, with no reoperation for formal repair of the bile duct. Length of follow-up ranged from 2 to 14 months (mean, 8.2 months). At last follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic with no biliary drainage. Conservative management is an important option for patients with an isolated right posterior bile duct injury.
Calcium-binding phosphoprotein of pig brain: effects of cations on the calcium binding.

—The effects of various cations on the calcium-binding properties of a brain phosphoprotein have been investigated employing an ultrafiltration binding assay. Sodium, magnesium, barium, strontium and manganese ions were competitive inhibitors of the calcium binding, and their affinity for the calcium-binding site increased in the order given. Potassium was a non-competitive inhibitor. Lanthanum, lead, mercuric and cadmium ions precipitated the phosphoprotein from solution. These findings are discussed in relation to a postulated role for the protein as a calcium-receptor molecule involved in release of neurotransmitters.
Occipital extra- and intracranial lipoencephalocele associated with tectocerebellar dysraphia

Tectocerebellar dysraphism was first described by Padget and Lindenberg, together with occipital encephaloceles, cerebellar midline defects, tectal beaking, posterior kinked and displaced brainstem, and inverted cerebellum. We present a unique case of lipoencephalocele associated with tectocerebellar dysraphia and discuss the etiologies of both pathologies. The importance of the developmental comprehension of posterior fossa malformations is stressed. A 9-month-old girl in good health was referred for a huge occipital mass. On local examination, the patient had a rounded mass about 10×12 cm in size, covered by alopecic skin, with a small eccentric dimple without any discharge. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a lipoencephalocele with an intra- and an extracranial part, associated with tectocerebellar dysraphia with no aspect of inverted cerebellum as originally described in the tectocerebellar dysraphia. Resection of the extracranial part of the lipoma was performed for esthetic reasons. The intracranial part remained in situ. The association of lipoencephalocele and tectocerebellar dysraphia is extremely rare. The functional prognosis seems to be less severe for this combination than for the isolated tectocerebellar dysraphia. This association favors the dysraphic theory for the embryogenesis of the lipoma. It seems safe to restrict the surgery of this bizarre malformation to its external part.
Accomplishing Structural Change: Identifying Intermediate Indicators of Success

Coalitions are routinely employed across the United States as a method of mobilizing communities to improve local conditions that impact on citizens’ well-being. Success in achieving specific objectives for environmental or structural community change may not quickly translate into improved population outcomes in the community, posing a dilemma for coalitions that pursue changes that focus on altering community conditions. Considerable effort by communities to plan for and pursue structural change objectives, without evidence of logical and appropriate intermediate markers of success could lead to wasted effort. Yet, the current literature provides little guidance on how coalitions might select intermediate indicators of achievement to judge their progress and the utility of their effort. The current paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of various indicators of intermediate success in creating structural changes among a sample of 13 coalitions organized to prevent exposure to HIV among high-risk adolescents in their local communities.
In Vitro and In Vivo Studies of Drug‐Releasing Poly(amino acids)

Preliminary efforts directed toward the synthesis and characterization of steroid-polyamino acid conjugates indicate that the preparation of these systems is feasible. Studies have indicated that the steroids may be released from the macromolecule resulting in long-term controlled release systems. Table 4 lists several of the variables that are important in controlling biocompatibility, biodegradation, and drug release characteristics. The biocompatibility, biodegradation, and drug release characteristics are all important in the design and preparation of a drug-polyamino acid delivery system. The variables listed in Table 4 may interact and interrelate to varying degrees when considering each of these factors independently. Although perhaps preliminary, efforts to date indicate that steroids bound to polyglutamic acid or polyglutamic acid derivatives are biocompatible, capable of undergoing biodegradation, and can release drugs at appropriate rates for extended periods of time.
Learning the lingo?: gender, prestige and linguistic adaptation in review communities

Women and men communicate differently in both face-to-face and computer-mediated environments. We study linguistic patterns considered gendered in reviews contributed to the Internet Movie Database. IMDb has been described as a male-majority community, in which females contribute fewer reviews and enjoy less prestige than males. Analyzing reviews posted by prolific males and females, we hypothesize that females adjust their communication styles to be in sync with their male counterparts. We find evidence that while certain characteristics of "female language" persevere over time (e.g., frequent use of pronouns) others (e.g., hedging) decrease with time. Surprisingly, we also find that males often increase their use of "female" features. Our results indicate, that even when they resemble men's reviews linguistically, women's reviews still enjoy less prestige and smaller audiences.
GLC Determination of Procainamide in Biological Fluids

Abstract A GLC method for the determination of procainamide in biological fluids is presented. By using a dipropyl analog of procainamide as an internal standard, both compounds can be chromatographed directly, yielding linear calibration curves and a sensitivity that allows quantitative determination of concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/ml. The extraction procedure was carefully modified to avoid hydrolysis of N ‐acetylprocainamide, a major metabolite of procainamide. The usefulness of the procedure is demonstrated by following the disappearance of procainamide from the plasma and urine of human subjects treated with the drug.
On Becoming a Qualitative Researcher: A View Through the Lens of Transformative Learning

This article describes a graduate-level qualitative research course informed by transformational learning theory. It presents strategies an interdisciplinary team of instructors used to engage and support students as they entered and moved through the course. The strategies focused on creating a safe, supportive, learner-centered environment, fostering critical reflection, engaging in ongoing discourse, and focusing on the centrality of experience by situating cognition in the personal context of students' lives and the research process itself.
Neodymium-yag laser: New treatment for urethral stricture disease

This is a preliminary report concerning the use of Neodymium-YAG laser for urethral strictures. A new technique, not previously described, is explained, and the early results and complications are analyzed. The results were documented with urethrograms and uroflowmetry. We believe the Nd:YAG laser is a safe and effective means of treating urethral strictures. Also it reduces the cost of treatment, and the patients return to work in four to five days.
The use of a computer algebra system in the analysis of chemical engineering problems

Abstract Computer algebra systems are powerful processors designed to treat formal mathematical expressions. Routine features include many operations that occur frequently in the analysis of engineering problems, and provide the analyst with a powerful and reliable tool for manipulating algebraic, differential and integral equations. The power and general utility of one particular computer algebra system is first demonstrated on two elementary examples—the first involving the solution of an ordinary differential equation by weighted residual techniques, and the second, a perturbation solution of Duffing's equation. Ideas stemming from these examples are then applied to a current research problem involving the determination of the amplitude and frequency of self-sustained density wave oscillations in a once-through evaporator. All examples show the power of this system in handling large amounts of tedious algebra with relative ease, thus eliminating the potential for manual error.
Whitney Award Lecture—1990: Chemo-Mechanical Interactions in Environmentally Induced Cracking

Abstract The history of corrosion as a science dates from the early nineteenth century with the classic studies of Faraday and Schonbein on the passivity of metals. Thus, we have had more than 150 years of experience in laboratory examinations to determine the specific mechanisms of corrosion processes. Yet, with the possible exception of general corrosion, almost none of the engineering problems associated with aqueous corrosion have been solved by other than “enlightened emperical” approaches. This discussion will focus on one particularly complex and vexing phenomenon, that of chemo-mechanical interactions in corrosion processes. Particular emphasis will be placed on conflicting mechanistic concepts for these interactions and the research which may be required to resolve them. The application of corrosion science to corrosion technology is briefly addressed, and means for improving communications between scientists and technologists are discussed.
In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

In-hospital sudden cardiac arrest and resuscitation is distinct from out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (OOHSCA) and warrants specific attention. Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a manifestation of an underlying process rather than a disease itself. The complex, multiorgan system dysfunction common among the inpatient population can precipitate SCA by both similar and very different mechanisms than OOHSCA. The diagnostic and treatment algorithms of SCA remain largely the same between the inpatient and outpatient arenas. The application of complex diagnostic and therapeutic interventions is permissible, but such tools must not interrupt or delay the important basics of cardiac arrest management in the inpatient setting, including adequate chest compressions and timely defibrillation when appropriate.
A screening method for preliminary assessment of risk to groundwater from land-applied chemicals

Abstract A simple mathematical model for initial screening is presented that can aid in evaluating the relative risk to groundwater from applying nonpolar synthetic organic chemicals to soil. The basic premise is that the magnitude of the quotient of the chemical concentration of the water entering the aquifer and the maximum allowable concentration (as established by EPA or Health Departments) represents the health risk of a chemical. The chemical concentration of the soil water is estimated based on conservative, simplifying assumptions and requires only readily available data such as: basic soil properties (organic matter and saturated hydraulic conductivity), organic chemical properties (octanol-water partition coefficient and degradation rate) and environmental factors (recharge rate and depth to groundwater). The methodology was applied to assess the relative risk of organic chemicals in municipal sewage sludge and pesticides applied to agricultural land. The results are realistic.
Analysis of GPS radio occultation data from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC and Metop/GRAS missions at CDAAC

Abstract. This study investigates the noise level and mission-to-mission stability of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) neutral atmospheric bending angle data at the UCAR COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC). Data are used from two independently developed RO instruments currently flying in orbit on the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3C) and Metop/GRAS (GNSS Receiver for Atmospheric Sounding) missions. The F3C 50 Hz RO data are post-processed with a single-difference excess atmospheric phase algorithm, and the Metop/GRAS 50 Hz closed loop and raw sampling (down-sampled from 1000 Hz to 50 Hz) data are processed with a zero-difference algorithm. The standard deviations of the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles from climatology between 60 and 80 km altitude from June–December 2009 are approximately 1.78 and 1.13 μrad, respectively. The F3C standard deviation reduces significantly to 1.44 μrad when single-difference processing uses GPS satellites on the same side of the spacecraft. The higher noise level for F3C bending angles can be explained by additional noise from the reference link phase data that are required with single-difference processing. The F3C and Metop/GRAS mean bending angles differences relative to climatology during the same six month period are statistically significant and have values of −0.05 and −0.02 μrad, respectively. A comparison of ~13 500 collocated F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angle profiles over this six month period shows a similar mean difference of ~0.02 ± 0.02 μrad between 30 and 60 km impact heights that is marginally significant. The observed mean difference between the F3C and Metop/GRAS bending angles of ~0.02–0.03 μrad is quite small and illustrates the high degree of re-produceability and mission independence of the GPS RO data at high altitudes. Collocated bending angles between two F3C satellites from early in the mission differ on average by up to 0.5% near the surface due to systematically lower signal-to-noise ratio for one of the satellites. Results from F3C and Metop/GRAS differences in the lower troposphere suggest the Metop/GRAS bending angles are negatively biased compared to F3C with a maximum of several percents near the surface in tropical regions. This bias is related to different tracking depths (deeper in F3C) and data gaps in Metop/GRAS which make it impossible to process the data from both missions in exactly the same way.
Correlation of functional domains and rates of nucleotide substitution in cytochrome-b

Distinguishing noise from signal presents a problem when DNA sequences are used for phylogeny reconstruction. Multiple substitutions at sites are a primary cause of noise and this is compounded by variation in substitution rates among sites. For protein-coding genes, one method used to determine if data are noisy is to assess levels of saturation of substitutions by codon position. However, this procedure may not be a fine enough filter for assessing noise. Variation in substitution rates may also be caused by constraints on change imposed by the function of the protein product. Using a structural model of the cytochrome b protein as a template, I divided cyt b sequence data for species within the avian family Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) into three functional domains. Saturation of substitutions of sequences within these regions was assessed graphically. This qualitative determination of saturation was then used to differentially weight phylogenetic analysis, resulting in an hypothesis congruent with existing cladistic analyses and traditional morphology. These results demonstrate that saturation of substitutions is correlated with functional regions of cytochrome b and that using this information improves phylogenetic inference.
Abstract 5589: T-cell cytokine production profile of breast cancer patients

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Background: Impaired immunosurveillance and immune dysregulation contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer. We recently reported that breast cancer (BC) patients have compromised immunity with significantly fewer T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells compared to normal healthy donors. To further investigate immune function, T cells were assessed for their ability to synthesize cytokines prior to initiation of therapy and 3 months later. Methods: We recruited 46 BC patients [3 with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), 13 with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), 15 have newly diagnosed inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and 15 with metastatic IBC (MIBC)] and 13 healthy donors (HD) for this ongoing study. The tumor phenotype consisted of 28 hormone receptor (HR) positive (including 10 patients with HER2 positive disease), 7 HR negative but HER2+, 11 triple negative (TN). Thirty-nine patients are alive and have both baseline and follow up data at 3 months; 7 deceased patients had baseline data only. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients and HD were stimulated overnight with immobilized anti-CD3 and soluble anti-CD28 antibodies and cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) syntheses by activated (CD69+) CD4 and CD8 T cells were measured by multi-color flow cytometry. Statistical differences between the immunoresponses of patients and HD were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Compared with HD, IBC and MIBC patients had a statistically significantly lower percentage (%) of TNF-α+ CD8+ T cells (p=0.041 and p=0.037 respectively) at baseline. MIBC patients also had significantly lower % IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells (p=0.046) than HD at baseline visit. But there were no significant differences among LABC, IBC, MBC, and MIBC patients. TN patients had statistically significantly lower % of IL-2+ CD4+ T cells (p=0.047) and TNF-α+ CD8+ T cells (p=0.041) at baseline than HD. The 7 deceased patients (3 IBC, 3 MIBC, and 1 MBC) had significantly lower %'s of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that synthesized IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 than the 39 living patients (all p < 0.05) at baseline. At 3 months, all patient groups except IBC had T-cell responses that were similar to those of HD. Specifically, IBC patients had persistently significantly lower % of TNF-α+ CD8+ T cells than HD (p=0.048). Conclusion: In summary, T cell function is essential for maintaining immunosurveillance against tumor progression. Our data suggest that BC patient, especially IBC patients, have impaired T-cell responses and that therapeutic intervention may restore immune function only in a subset of those patients. Immunomodulatory therapy can play a role in IBC and contribute to improve patient outcome. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5589.
LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: EVALUATION OF SPECIMEN PATHOLOGIC FEATURES TO CRITICALLY ASSESS AND MODIFY SURGICAL TECHNIQUE

Abstract Objectives To evaluate laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) specimens for pathologic stage and the malignant and benign surgical margin status to determine areas for improvement in surgical technique. LRP is gaining significant attention as a viable alternative to retropubic radical prostatectomy. Methods A total of 110 consecutive LRP specimens were retrospectively reviewed. A single experienced genitourinary pathologist examined all slides. In addition, exposure of benign glands at the inked margin was reported. Oncologic data were assessed by standard pathologic examination for stage, grade, and margin status. The pathologic data from year 1 (group 1, 52 patients) were compared with the data from subsequent years (group 2, 58 patients). Results The overall positive surgical margin rate was 18.2% (13.5% for pT2 disease). Benign parenchymal exposure was identified in 16 patients (14.5%). Six of these patients had concomitant negative surgical margins for cancer. The positive margin rate for patients with Stage pT2 disease was 22.2% in group 1 and 5.9% in group 2. The positive margin rate was 34.8%, 13.6%, and 13.8% for bilateral, unilateral, and non-nerve-sparing procedures, respectively. Conclusions LRP offers comparable surgical margins to those of reported open prostatectomy series. Careful pathologic review provides feedback so that technique modifications can be implemented and the positive margin rates improved further. A low, but significant, positive margin or benign parenchymal exposure rate in pT2 disease indicates room for improvement in the surgical technique. The presence of benign glands at the inked margin is not routinely reported but does provide an additional parameter of surgical adequacy.
SU-FF-J-114: Dose Escalation Resulting From Reduced Margins Used to Generate the Planning Target Volume

Purpose: Decreasing margins that account for setup uncertainty and respiratory-induced tumor motion can potentially result in improved treatment of lung cancer. The present work was designed to examine the dosimetric impact of reducing the margins used to generate the planning target volume (PTV). Method and Materials: Eighteen patients treated for non-small cell lung cancer were selected. Treatment plans were generated based on two sets of CTVs. One obtained while free-breathing explicitly accounted for respiratory-induced tumor motion, while the other acquired at end-expiration or inspiration simulated treatment under breath-hold. Margins used to generate the PTV were uniformly reduced in 2-mm increments from the clinically used 7-mm margins while escalating dose to the CTV. In the first part of the study, the dose to the CTV was escalated as long as normal tissue toxicity levels did not exceed that of the treatment plan actually used. In the second part, dose to the CTV was escalated until structures received the maximum dose-volume constraints allowed in our clinic. Results: Preliminary results showed that reducing the margin used to expand the breath-hold CTV from 7 to 3-mm allowed an increase of slightly higher than 10% of the prescription dose to be delivered to the tumor without exceeding normal tissue toxicity levels. When explicitly accounting for respiratory motion, a 1-mm margin was needed to observe statistically significant increases in dose to the CTV. By increasing the dose until critical structures received the maximum permissible dose, dose escalation of over 25% was observed using a 5-mm margin to generate the CTV. Statistically significant increases in dose were only slightly higher using a 3-mm uniform CTV expansion to generate the PTV. Conclusion: As a result of this study, we have observed that increased doses can be delivered to the tumor by reducing margins used to generate the PTV.
An observed correlation between plume activity and tidal stresses on Enceladus

The plume at the south pole of Enceladus is several times brighter when that moon is near the apocentre of its eccentric orbit around Saturn than when it is near its orbital pericentre, showing that more material appears to be escaping from beneath Enceladus’ surface at times when models predict its fissures should be under tension. Between 2005 and 2012 the Cassini spacecraft's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) obtained 252 images of the plume of water vapour and ice particles emitting from near the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. These images have been analysed with a view to establishing the nature of the geological forces driving the plume. The authors show that as Enceladus moves along its elliptical orbit, the brightness of the plume peaks — and larger amounts of material join the plume — when the moon is furthest from Saturn. This is consistent with a model in which tidal forces have an important role in controlling plume activity, perhaps by changing the width of the conduits between the surface and various underground reservoirs supplying the fissures through which the plume emerges. Saturn’s moon Enceladus emits a plume of water vapour and micrometre-sized ice particles from a series of warm fissures located near its south pole1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. This geological activity could be powered or controlled by variations in the tidal stresses experienced by Enceladus as it moves around its slightly eccentric orbit. The specific mechanisms by which these varying stresses are converted into heat, however, are still being debated11,12,13,14,15,16. Furthermore, it has proved difficult to find a clear correlation between the predicted tidal forces and measured temporal variations in the plume’s gas content17,18,19 or the particle flux from individual sources20,21. Here we report that the plume’s horizontally integrated brightness is several times greater when Enceladus is near the point in its eccentric orbit where it is furthest from Saturn (apocentre) than it is when near the point of closest approach to the planet (pericentre). More material therefore seems to be escaping from beneath Enceladus’ surface at times when geophysical models predict its fissures should be under tension12,15,16 and therefore may be wider open.
Increases in the low‐energy cosmic ray intensity at the front of propagating interplanetary shock waves

Increases in low energy cosmic ray intensity at front of propagating interplanetary shock waves
Ten-dimensional supersymmetric Janus solutions

Abstract The reduced field equations and BPS conditions are derived in Type IIB supergravity for configurations of the Janus type, characterized by an AdS 4 -slicing of AdS 5 , and various degrees of internal symmetry and supersymmetry. A generalization of the Janus solution, which includes a varying axion along with a varying dilaton, and has SO ( 6 ) internal symmetry, but completely broken supersymmetry, is obtained analytically in terms of elliptic functions. A two-parameter family of solutions with 4 real supersymmetries, SU ( 3 ) internal symmetry, a varying axion along with a varying dilaton, and non-trivial B ( 2 ) field, is derived analytically in terms of genus 3 hyper-elliptic integrals. This supersymmetric solution is the 10-dimensional Type IIB dual to the N = 1 interface super-Yang–Mills theory with SU ( 3 ) internal symmetry previously found in the literature.
Within-orchard and within-tree distributions of peach twig borer (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) damage to peaches.

The distribution of peach, Prunus persfca (L.) Batsch., fruit damage caused by the peach twig borer, Anarsfa lineatella Zeller, in orchards treated with pheromone dispensers for control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), was studied in four California peach orchards. Fruit damage in the tops of trees was significantly greater than fruit damage in the lower half of the tree canopy. Fruit damage at harvest was significantly greater than fruit damage at sampling dates up to 4 wk earlier in three of four orchards. Fruit damage in trees located on an orchard border was significantly greater than fruit damage in trees located in the center of the orchard. Fruit damage in trees located on the border row adjacent to an external source of A. lineatella was significantly greater than fruit damage in trees located in rows farther away from the external source. Fruit damage in the south tree quadrant was greater than fruit damage in at least one other tree quadrant in three of four orchards; this difference was significant in two of the three orchards. Results suggest that a simple fruit monitoring program can be used for peach orchards where control methods applied for other pests would not protect the crop from A. lineatella late in the season.
Role of MCP-1 in tumor necrosis factor-α-induced endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) upregulates the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that TNF-α and MCP-1 may interact to contribute to the evolution of vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in coronary arterioles in type 2 diabetes. To test this hypothesis, we administered anti-MCP-1 to block MCP-1 signaling in genetically modified mice with type 2 diabetes (Leprdb) and in heterozygote (m Leprdb) lean control. Anti-MCP-1 partially restored vasodilation to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine in isolated, cannulated, and pressurized coronary arterioles in Leprdb mice but did not affect vasodilation in m Leprdb mice. Anti-MCP-1 attenuated superoxide production and the protein expression of nitrotyrosine, which is an indicator of peroxynitrite production, in isolated coronary arterioles of Leprdb mice. Immunostaining results showed that the expression of MCP-1 and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 is colocalized with endothelial cells and macrophages. Anti-TNF-α or anti-MCP-1 markedly reduced macrophage infiltration and the number of MCP-1-positive endothelium in Leprdb mice. The neutralization of TNF-α or anti-MCP-1 reduced the expression of adhesion molecules, suggesting that proinflammatory cytokines interact to amplify the signaling process that leads to vascular dysfunction. These findings demonstrate that the endothelial dysfunction occurring in type 2 diabetes is the result of the effects of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and TNF-α-related signaling, including the expression of MCP-1 and adhesion molecules, which further exacerbates vessel inflammation and oxidative stress.
Thermal study of the tungsten bronzes—I heat capacity of Na0.679WO3 in the range 15–300°K☆

Abstract The heat capacity of Na 0.679 WO 3 0 has been measured in the range 15–300°K. The Debye temperature per atom, which is 450° at 0°K (1) is found to pass through a minimum of 390° at 28°K, and then continuously rise to a value of 705° at 300°K. A simple four parameter isotropic model is found to be insufficient to fit the observed lattice contribution, but some qualitative inferences may be made concerning the normal mode distribution. The smoothed curve heat capacity and thermodynamic functions are tabulated from 0–300°K. The following values are found for the thermodynamic functions at 298.15°K: ( H °- H ° 0 )/ T = 52.133 J (g at. wt deg) −1 , S ° = 95.25 e.u.
Distribution of steady-state cathodic currents underneath a disbonded coating

Abstract Pipeline corrosion frequently persists underneath disbonded coatings on pipelines that appear to be well protected cathodically. Application of higher cathodic potentials for improved prot...
Induction of the Early Growth Response (Egr) Family of Transcription Factors during Thymic Selection

There is little known about the regulation of gene expression during TCR-mediated differentiation of immature CD4+8+ (double positive) thymocytes into mature T cells. Using the DPK CD4+8+thymocyte precursor cell line, we demonstrate that the early growth response-1 gene ( Erg-1 ), encoding a zinc finger transcription factor, is rapidly upregulated after TCR stimulation. We also report that Egr-1 is expressed by a subset of normal double positive thymocytes in the thymic cortex, as well by a majority of medullary single positive thymocytes. Expression of Egr-1 is dramatically reduced in the thymus of major histocompatibility complex knockout mice, but can be induced by anti-CD3 antibody stimulation of isolated thymocytes from these animals. These and other data suggest that high level expression of Egr-1 in the thymus is a consequence of selection. A similar pattern of expression is found for family members Egr-2 and Egr-3. Using the DPK cell line, we also demonstrate that expression of Egr-1, 2, and 3 is dependent upon ras activation, as is the initiation of differentiation to a single positive cell. In contrast, the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A, which inhibits DPK cell differentiation as well as positive selection, inhibits expression of Egr-2 and Egr-3, but not Egr-1. The identification of the Egr family in this context represents the first report of a link between the two known signaling pathways involved in positive selection and downstream transcriptional regulators.
A new fundamental bioheat equation for muscle tissue--part II: Temperature of SAV vessels

In this study, a new theoretical framework was developed to investigate temperature variations along countercurrent SAV blood vessels from 300 to 1000 microm diameter in skeletal muscle. Vessels of this size lie outside the range of validity of the Weinbaum-Jiji bioheat equation and, heretofore, have been treated using discrete numerical methods. A new tissue cylinder surrounding these vessel pairs is defined based on vascular anatomy, Murray's law, and the assumption of uniform perfusion. The thermal interaction between the blood vessel pair and surrounding tissue is investigated for two vascular branching patterns, pure branching and pure perfusion. It is shown that temperature variations along these large vessel pairs strongly depend on the branching pattern and the local blood perfusion rate. The arterial supply temperature in different vessel generations was evaluated to estimate the arterial inlet temperature in the modified perfusion source term for the s vessels in Part I of this study. In addition, results from the current research enable one to explore the relative contribution of the SAV vessels and the s vessels to the overall thermal equilibration between blood and tissue.
Teaching computer programming courses in a computer laboratory environment

The usual approach in teaching introductory computer-programming courses is to have a classroom lecture component and a supervised laboratory module, where students will write simple programs reflective of the material that they have learned during the lecture. Although this method may work very well for some subjects, it may not be the best way to teach introductory computer courses. This work describes our new approach in teaching undergraduate computer programming courses in a computer laboratory environment at the Delaware County Campus of the Pennsylvania State University. It consists of putting typed lecture notes, and example programs in our local computer network and conducting the class lectures in the computer laboratory. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of conducting a computer programming course in the form that was described before, covering instructor's comments and students' reactions, as well as possible improvements.
Current physics information.

A new concept in science communication will be given its first test in calendar year 1972. Primary and secondary contents of a selected subset of the world9s journal literature in physics will be provided in a variety of output formats. Among them are a monthly microfilm containing the full texts of all articles in the set of journals (Current Physics Microform); an advance abstracts journal describing the articles (Current Physics Advance Abstracts); a printed, classified index of the titles of the articles (Current Physics Titles); and a computer tape index to the articles (Searchable Physics Information Notices).
Effects of glucagon, glycerol, and glucagon plus glycerol on gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in periparturient Holstein cows

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of daily glucagon subcutaneous injections of 15 mg and oral administration of 400 mL glycerol during the first 14 d postpartum on the rates of gluconeogenesis in liver and lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissues obtained from dairy cows with fatty liver syndrome (FLS). To induce FLS, 16 multiparous cows with body condition score of ≥ 3.5 (1-5 scale) cows were daily fed dry-cow ration plus 6 kg of cracked corn during the last 6 weeks 1 This research was supported in part by USDA Grant Number 2002-02060. 2 Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University. Research conducted and manuscript written by Mehyar with assistance from Osman, Brown, Kirovski, Allen, Nafikov, Coetzee, Koehler, and Beitz 3 Animal Science Department, Iowa State University 4 Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 5 Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University 6 Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University 7 Department of Statistics, Iowa State University 8 To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Registration status and outcome reporting of trials published in core headache medicine journals.

Objectives: To evaluate randomized controlled trial (RCT) registration and outcome reporting compliance in core headache medicine journals. Methods: We identified RCTs published in core journals ( Headache , Cephalalgia , and the Journal of Headache and Pain ) from 2005 through 2014. We searched articles for trial registration numbers, which were verified in the corresponding trial registry. We categorized trial funding sources as industry, academic, government, or mixed. We contacted corresponding authors to assess reasons for nonregistration. We evaluated whether primary outcomes in trial registries matched those in corresponding publications. Results: The journals published 225 RCTs over the study period. Fifty-eight of 225 (26%) reported a trial registration number in the article that could be linked to a corresponding registry entry. Trial registration rates increased over the 9 years of the study. Forty-six of 118 (39%) of industry-funded studies were registered compared with 27% of academic and 0% of government-funded studies. Only 5% of RCTs were prospectively registered, reported primary outcomes identical to those in the trial registry, and did not report unacknowledged post hoc outcomes. The most common reason for nonregistration was lack of awareness. Conclusions: Only about a quarter of the articles published in the core headache medicine journals are compliant with trial registration, but compliance has increased over time. Selective reporting of outcomes remains a problem, and very few trials met all 3 reporting standards assessed in this study. Efforts to improve the quality of trial reporting in the headache literature should continue.
Peripheral Mechanisms for the Maintenance and Termination of Drinking in the Rat

The peripheral, physiological mechanisms for the maintenance and termination of drinking have been difficult to investigate because ingested water activates both mechanisms during a bout of drinking. Thus, when drinking occurs, the time course and degree of activation of the mechanism for maintaining drinking, and the onset, time course, and degree of activation of the mechanism for terminating drinking have not been measured separately. This is a major obstacle to the development of an adequate theory of drinking behavior. The extent of this problem is made clear by asking, “Does the administration of a dipsogen increase water intake by stimulating the maintenance mechanism, inhibiting the termination mechanism or both?” The answer, of course, is that no one knows. Despite this ignorance, the work of the last decade has provided techniques, observations, and ideas that I believe can be used to answer these fundamental questions. I shall review the available evidence for these peripheral mechanisms in the rat. See the paper by Gibbs et al (this volume) and the books by Denton1 and by Rolls and Rolls2 for relevant evidence for other species.
Characterization of the texturing of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−σ in the presence of liquid phase additives

Grain growth and texturing of YBa2Cu3O7−δ is greatly influenced by the presence of liquid phase additives during sintering. Oxides such as TiO2, SiO2, Bi2O3, and Pr6O11 were incorporated into the liquid phase during the sintering of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (123) by use of grain boundary diffusion couples and the microstructure was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive spectroscopy. Exaggerated grain growth and domain formation was observed in bulk specimens. Differential thermal analysis and real time dynamic x-ray diffraction were used to determine reaction sequencing. The ability and extent of domain formation was determined for 123 samples coupled with impurity oxides to be a function of sintering temperature (940–980°) and oxygen partial pressure. Enhanced texturing was observed at low PO2 atmospheres. The addition of Bi2O3 and TiO2 was shown to degrade dc magnetic susceptibility of 123 whereas SiO2 and Pr6O11 enhanced it. The domain formation and texturing takes place in the bulk for 123 at temperatures of 980°C or below (i.e. well below the peritectic decomposition temperature) by the interaction of an impurity doped liquid phase followed by a precipitation and exaggerated grain growth.
Comparative behavior of lysosomes and the pre-lysosome compartment (PLC) in in vivo cell fusion experiments

Interspecies cell fusion was used to compare protein intermixing within the mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR)-enriched pre-lysosome compartment (PLC) and within the MPR-negative lysosomal compartment. Both compartments were positive for lysosomal glycoprotein (lgp) membrane markers but were morphologically distinct. In most experiments, rat-mouse cell syncytia were formed by u.v.-inactivated Sindbis virus-mediated fusion. By immunogold electron microscopy of syncytia, extensive intermixing of species-specific lysosomal membrane proteins was observed in both lysosomes and PLC. At 3 h post cell fusion, multiple-label immunogold studies showed that 82% of the lysosome-like structures positive for the rat lysosomal membrane protein LIMP-I were also positive for the mouse lysosomal membrane protein mLAMP-1. By immunofluorescence, LIMP-I and mLAMP-1 co-localized with a t1/2 of 30 min after cell fusion; although the lgp-positive organelle populations had evidently interchanged their proteins, the lysosomal structures remained small, punctate bodies distributed throughout the syncytoplasm as observed in single cells. In contrast, the initially separate units of the PLC congregated with a t1/2 of 1 h to form large, pre-lysosome complexes associated with individual nuclear clusters. At the electron-microscope level, gold markers endocytized by the rat and mouse parent cells in a 1 h uptake followed by a 16-20 h chase co-localized in these extended PLC complexes, as did the membrane markers mLAMP-1 and LIMP-I. The density of labeling for rat MPR in the extended PLCs was markedly decreased, consistent with membrane fusions and dilution of the antigen upon congregation of the PLC compartments from the donor cells. The extended PLC complex behaved as a late endocytic compartment, as shown by co-localization of the MPR and rhodamine-dextran following a 10 min dextran uptake and a 50 min chase. These differences in behavior between lysosomes and the PLC in rat-mouse cell syncytia suggest that the pathway(s) of protein intermixing with respect to the two organelles may be different.
Education Not a Real Utopian Design

This paper identifies four criteria, all of which an ideal real utopian proposal would meet. We argue for a moderate skepticism that it is possible to give a real utopian proposal to guide the desi...