cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Urinary Incontinence, Comorbidity and Race on Quality of Life Outcomes in Women

Purpose: We investigated the effects of comorbidity and urinary incontinence on both generic and incontinence specific quality of life outcome measures, and investigated whether the association between urinary incontinence and quality of life varies by race.Materials and Methods: Study participants were 2,109 women 40 to 69 years old randomly selected from an urban health maintenance organization and interviewed in person for a study of risk factors for urinary incontinence. The sample was racially diverse consisting of 48% white, 18% black, 17% Hispanic and 16% Asian-American women. In addition to incontinence, reproductive and medical history questionnaires, all participants completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36, a measure of health related quality of life. All participants with daily and weekly incontinence (29%) completed the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire, an incontinence specific quality of life measure. The health maintenance organization’s inpatient and outpatient electronic databa...
Automated error-tolerant macromolecular structure determination from multidimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectra and chemical shift assignments: improved robustness and performance of the PASD algorithm

We report substantial improvements to the previously introduced automated NOE assignment and structure determination protocol known as PASD (Kuszewski et al. (2004) J Am Chem Soc 26:6258–6273). The improved protocol includes extensive analysis of input spectral data to create a low-resolution contact map of residues expected to be close in space. This map is used to obtain reasonable initial guesses of NOE assignment likelihoods which are refined during subsequent structure calculations. Information in the contact map about which residues are predicted to not be close in space is applied via conservative repulsive distance restraints which are used in early phases of the structure calculations. In comparison with the previous protocol, the new protocol requires significantly less computation time. We show results of running the new PASD protocol on six proteins and demonstrate that useful assignment and structural information is extracted on proteins of more than 220 residues. We show that useful assignment information can be obtained even in the case in which a unique structure cannot be determined.
Twist1 regulates keratinocyte proliferation and skin tumor promotion.

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of deleting Twist1 on keratinocyte proliferation and on skin tumor development using the two-stage chemical carcinogenesis model. BK5.Cre × Twist1(flox/flox) mice, which have a keratinocyte-specific Twist1 knockout (Twist1 KO), developed significantly reduced numbers of papilloma (70% reduction) and squamous cell carcinoma (75% reduction) as well as delayed tumor latency compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Interestingly, knockdown of Twist1 in primary keratinocytes impeded cell cycle progression at the G1/S transition that coincided with reduced levels of the cell cycle proteins c-Myc, Cyclin E1, and E2F1 and increased levels of p53 and p21. Furthermore, ChIP analyses revealed that Twist1 bound to the promoter regions of Cyclin E1, E2F1, and c-Myc at the canonical E-box binding motif suggesting a direct transcriptional regulation. Further analyses of Twist1 KO mice revealed a significant reduction in the number of label-retaining cells as well as the number of α6-integrin(+) /CD34(+) cells in the hair follicles of untreated mice compared to WT mice. These mice also exhibited significantly reduced epidermal proliferation in response to TPA treatment that again correlated with reduced levels of cell cycle regulators and increased levels of p53 and p21. Finally, Twist1 deficiency in keratinocytes led to an upregulation of p53 via its stabilization and nuclear localization, which is responsible for the increased expression of p21 in these cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that Twist1 has a novel role in epithelial carcinogenesis by regulating proliferation of keratinocytes, including keratinocyte stem cells during tumor promotion.
Children with Cancer

Some specific aspects of communication in pediatric oncology will be outlined in this chapter. These include openness about the disease, which has become increasingly important. Furthermore, the law of double protection, a self-protective strategy used by children, parents, and hospital staff, will be sketched out. It is very striking that protection is often achieved through protection of the other. Several examples of this strategy will be presented. Finally, attention will be paid to communication about death in the palliative phase.
The Crystal structure of fragment double-D from cross-linked lamprey fibrin reveals isopeptide linkages across an unexpected D-D interface

The crystal structure of fragment double-D from factor XIII-cross-linked lamprey fibrin has been determined at 2.9 A resolution. The 180 kDa covalent dimer was cocrystallized with the peptide Gly-His-Arg-Pro-amide, which in many fibrinogens, but not that of lamprey, corresponds to the B-knob exposed by thrombin. The structure was determined by molecular replacement, a recently determined structure of lamprey fragment D being used as a search model. GHRPam was found in both the gamma- and beta-chain holes. Unlike the situation with fragment D, the crystal packing of the cross-linked double-D structure exhibits two different D-D interfaces, each gamma-chain facing gamma-chains on two other molecules. One of these (interface I) involves the asymmetric interface observed in all other D fragments and related structures. The other (interface II) encompasses a completely different set of residues. The two abutments differ in that interface I results in an "in line" arrangement of abutting molecules and the interface II in a "zigzag" arrangement. So far as can be determined (the electron density could only be traced on one side of the cross-links), it is the gamma-chains of the newly observed zigzag units (interface II) that are joined by the reciprocal epsilon-amino-gamma-glutamyl cross-links. Auspiciously, the same novel D-D interface was observed in two lower-resolution crystal structures of human double-D preparations that had been crystallized under unusual circumstances. These observations show that double-D structures are linked in a way that is sufficiently flexible to accommodate different D-D interfaces under different circumstances.
Simple Design Mechanisms to Mitigate the Winner's Curse: Simultaneous Online Auctions with Rotating Bids

Bidders frequently overpay in auctions, a phenomenon termed the “Winner’s Curse.” Vickrey’s second-price auctions only lessen the winner’s curse; they do not eliminate it. Overpayment is partly due to an endowment effect; bidders develop a sense of psychological ownership toward a product, which is legitimized by the effort they expend during the auction. Perceived ownership increases their product valuation and causes the winner’s curse. Therefore, we introduce two design mechanisms – rotating bids (participants take turns in bidding, thus reducing their effort) and simultaneous auctions (participants are presented with multiple auctions simultaneously, thus reducing any anxiety over their potential failure to win) – which are proposed to attenuate the effect of participation costs on product valuation. We experimentally test the proposed mechanisms, demonstrating the role of rotating bids in moderating the effect of effort on product valuation. Implications for increasing bidder welfare by mitigating the winner’s curse with appropriate auction designs are discussed.
Soy products and the human diet

This review focuses upon the nutritional significance of soy products in the human diet. The impact of the consumption of soy foods on a range of diet and health issues are discussed, including protein quality and growth promoting effects of soy protein, allergies in children, hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and soy fiber, effects of soy products upon glucose tolerance, and the bioavailability of zinc and iron from soy foods. Recent re- search reports involving humans and relevant animal studies are reviewed. Am J Clin Nutr I 989;49:725-37.
Influence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism on whole-blood folate concentrations measured by LC-MS/MS, microbiologic assay, and bio-rad radioassay.

Background: The 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH) ( MTHFR ) C677T polymorphism may affect whole-blood folate pattern measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and total folate measured by LC-MS/MS, microbiologic assay, and Bio-Rad radioassay (BR). Methods: We analyzed 171 whole blood hemolysates from 2 blood banks for folate pattern and total folate concentrations using these 3 methods and determined MTHFR genotype. Results: The median (range) total folate concentration by LC-MS/MS was higher in the US set [378 (228–820) nmol/L; n = 96] than in the European set [250 (122–582) nmol/L; n = 75]. The whole-blood folate pattern [median (range)] was similar for individuals with C/C (n = 73) and C/T (n = 66) genotype: 88% (71%–91%) and 86% (50%–91%), respectively, for 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5CH3THF) vs 12% (9%–29%) and 14% (9%–51%) for forms other than 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (non-5CH3THF). Individuals with T/T (n = 32) genotype had 58% (22%–87%) 5CH3THF vs 42% (13%–78%) non-5CH3THF. Compared with microbiologic assay results, LC-MS/MS ( r = 0.94) and BR ( r = 0.87) results were significantly lower (−10% and −45%, respectively); however, these differences were concentration dependent and also genotype dependent for the BR assay (−48% for C/C+C/T and −31% for T/T). The microbiologic assay completely recovered [mean (SD)] folates added to a whole blood hemolysate, except for tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) [46.4% (8.1%)]. The BR assay underrecovered 5CH3THF [51% (4.1%)] and 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid [18% (0.1%)], and overrecovered THF [152% (19%)]. Conclusion: MTHFR C677T polymorphism influences the folate pattern in whole blood. The agreement between total folate by LC-MS/MS and microbiologic assay, independent of the MTHFR genotype, allows the use of one regression equation. Because BR results are genotype dependent, different regression equations should be used.
Modeling O2 transport as an integrated system limiting VO 2 MAX

Maximal endurance exercise capacity is determined by a variety of factors, including maximal ability to transport O"2 to the muscle mitochondria and to use this O"2 for ATP generation ([email protected]?"O"""2"M"A"X). This analysis combines the individually well-known O"2 mass conservation equations for the four critical steps in the O"2 transport pathway (ventilation, alveolar/capillary diffusion, circulation and muscle diffusion) into an analytical, closed form, model showing how [email protected]?"O"""2"M"A"X depends on all four steps. It further shows how changes in any one step affect the function of the others. This analytical approach however requires approximating the O"2Hb dissociation curve as linear. Removing this condition to allow for the real O"2Hb curve requires numerical analysis best explained graphically. Incorporating maximal mitochondrial metabolic capacity to use O"2 allows prediction of when [email protected]?"O"""2"M"A"X is limited by transport or by metabolic capacity. This simple approach recapitulates in vivo behavior and clarifies the determinants of maximal exercise.
Exercise Habits, Adult Attachment Styles, and HPA-Axis Hypersensitivity

approved: ______________________________________________________ Frank Bernieri This is the first study to link exercise with adult romantic attachment style in a university setting. Previous research has associated insecure attachment styles, particularly those associated with high levels of anxiety, with increased pain sensitivity. This thesis hypothesizes that the mechanism responsible for this relationship will correlate with the experience of rigorous exercise as more physically painful, and thus to exercise avoidance. A volunteer sample of 148 participants (117 females, 31 males) was assessed. Participants were given The Relationship Questionnaire and a measure of exercise habits. We found that across all measures of exercise, individuals with anxious-type attachment styles exercised significantly less than those reporting secure attachment. It is argued in this thesis that the physiological mechanism for these findings involves the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a stress response system in humans. Specifically, it is proposed that early childhood stressors can lead to both HPA-axis hypersensitivity and to an anxious insecure attachment style. It is the HPA-Axis hyperactivity of adults that is likely the true underlying cause of both exercise aversion and anxiety-type attachment styles, and that it links the two behaviors.
Intrahousehold Bargaining, Domestic Violence Laws and Child Health Development in Ghana

I explore a unique exogenous instrument to examine how the intra-familial position of women influence health outcomes of their children using micro data from Ghana. Using the 2SLS-IV estimation technique, I build a model of household bargaining and child health development with perceptions of women regarding wife-beating and marital rape in the existence of domestic violence laws, in Ghana. Even though the initial OLS estimates suggest that women’s participation in decisions regarding purchases of household consumption goods help to improve child health outcomes, the IV estimates reveal that the presence of endogeneity underestimates the impact of women’s bargaining power on child health outcomes. Our choice of instrument is robust to endogeneity, father characteristics and residency robustness checks
Legal Stability and Economic Growth

The value of stability in the law is reflected in the common law principle of stare decisis. Legal stability provides guidance to future and lower courts. Further, it allows litigants (potential and actual) and their attorneys to make informed decisions about litigation. Adherence to the principle of stare decisis may also produce other positive returns that are external to the legal system. In particular, economic growth may be the beneficiary of the legal stability engendered by adherence to precedent. The logic is that a stable legal environment provides a context in which economic agents may be more willing to engage in activities (including long-term investment) that will foster economic growth. In this paper, we set ourselves to the task of investigating the relationship between legal stability (as represented by stable precedent) and economic growth. To do so, we exploit the comparative advantage of the American states for theory building and theory testing, relying on original data on state court adherence to precedent and a wealth of state-level political and economic information. Our intention is to contribute to scholarly understanding of the interconnection between the legal and economic systems by evaluating the extent to which the rule of law contributes to economic prosperity across the fifty states.
Translation, Plagiarism and Amplification in Mentaberry's Impresiones de un viaje a la China

AbstractAdolfo de Mentaberry's 1876 book Impresiones de un viaje a la China is, in large part, an uncredited translation of the China section of Count Ludovic de Beauvoir's 1867–1872 French work Voyage autour du monde: Australie, Java, Siam, Canton, Pekin, Yeddo, San Francisco. However, Mentaberry inserts frequent additions into his translation of de Beauvoir's text. Amplification, or the adding to or changing of material in order to alter the emphasis or significance of someone else's work, was an acceptable practice during the Romantic period and was not considered culpable plagiarism. The sections of Impresiones that are direct translations serve to disseminate information not otherwise accessible to the general public. However, because of his amplifications on the goals and difficulties of the Spanish foreign mission in the text, there is a narrative voice independent of de Beauvoir's, and Impresiones goes beyond the scope of uncredited translation.
Current Health-Related Quality of Life in Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collision Athletes Compared With Contact and Limited-Contact Athletes

Context: Previous researchers have shown that current health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is lower in former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes than in nonathletes. How...
Not your regular high: cardiac dysrhythmias caused by loperamide

AbstractObjective: Loperamide, a non-prescription anti-diarrheal agent, is a peripheral mu-opioid receptor agonist that is excluded from the blood-brain barrier by p-glycoprotein at therapeutic doses. Overdoses of loperamide penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), leading to abuse. We report cardiac conduction abnormalities and dysrhythmias after ingestion of a recreational supra-therapeutic dose of loperamide confirmed with an elevated blood loperamide concentration. Case details: A 48-year-old woman with a history of alcohol and benzodiazepine abuse presented to the emergency department (ED) with somnolence, weakness and slurred speech. She was taking 20 to 40 tablets of 2 mg loperamide 1–2 times/day for weeks along with clonazepam and whiskey. Vital signs were: blood pressure (BP), 124/90 mmHg; heart rate (HR), 88/min; respiratory rate(RR), 20/min; T, 36.9 °C; O2 saturation 100% on room air (RA). Glucose was 6.4 mmol/L. Electrocardiogram (ECG) had a ventricular rate of 58/min, QRS 164 ms, QT 582 ms...
A Bioassay for Determining Honey Bee Responses to Flower Volatiles

A test arena was designed for determining the responses of Apis mellifera L. to components of scent gland pheromone and flower volatiles of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. Bees that had been conditioned to associate the odor of citral, geraniol, ocimene, myrcene, limonene, or linalool with availability of sucrose solution consistently selected the conditioning chemical. Also, bees conditioned to forage with the odor of ocimene responded to alfalfa flower aroma, the percentage of positive responses changing during the day as the amount of volatiles produced increased and decreased. Both Italian and Caucasian races of honey bees, when conditioned with ocimene, responded to volatiles of alfalfa flowers.
Evaluating Prescriptions for the Elderly: Drug/Age Criteria as a Tool to Help Community Pharmacists

Abstract Objectives To use drug/age criteria to determine (1) the prevalence of dispensing of drugs potentially inappropriate for use in elderly patients; (2) the dispensing rate of individual drugs considered potentially inappropriate for use in elderly patients; (3) the association between selected patient characteristics and the prevalence of potentially inappropriate drug dispensing. Design, Setting, Participants A secondary database of 6,380 new prescription orders dispensed to patients of all ages in ambulatory pharmacies in a mid-western state was used retrospectively for the analysis. A total of 1,530 (23.9%) ofthe new prescription orders were dispensed to 1,185 elderly patients. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Name, strength, and daily dose of each drug dispensed were compared with drug/age criteria to determine whether a dispensed drug was inappropriate for use in elderly patients. The association of the rate of dispensing of potentially inappropriate drugs with characteristics of the elderly patients, including age, sex, race, number of comorbidities, and prescription drug insurance coverage type, was determined. Results A total of 170 patients (14.3%) were dispensed potentially inappropriate medications. The three most common medications were propoxyphene and propoxyphene combinations, prescription and nonprescription antihistamines, and digoxin at doses > 0.125 mg/day. There was no statistically significant association between inappropriate drug dispensing and patient age, sex, race, number of comorbidities, and prescription drug insurance coverage type. Conclusion Pharmacists can use drug/age criteria as a tool for an initial check to assess the appropriateness of drugs used by the elderly. Elderly patients appear equally at risk of using potentially inappropriate medications regardless of demographic, disease, or insurance characteristics.
Coevolution of venom function and venom resistance in a rattlesnake predator and its squirrel prey

Measuring local adaptation can provide insights into how coevolution occurs between predators and prey. Specifically, theory predicts that local adaptation in functionally matched traits of predators and prey will not be detected when coevolution is governed by escalating arms races, whereas it will be present when coevolution occurs through an alternate mechanism of phenotype matching. Here, we analyse local adaptation in venom activity and prey resistance across 12 populations of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes and California ground squirrels, an interaction that has often been described as an arms race. Assays of venom function and squirrel resistance show substantial geographical variation (influenced by site elevation) in both venom metalloproteinase activity and resistance factor effectiveness. We demonstrate local adaptation in the effectiveness of rattlesnake venom to overcoming present squirrel resistance, suggesting that phenotype matching plays a role in the coevolution of these molecular traits. Further, the predator was the locally adapted antagonist in this interaction, arguing that rattlesnakes are evolutionarily ahead of their squirrel prey. Phenotype matching needs to be considered as an important mechanism influencing coevolution between venomous animals and resistant prey.
Immunological Analysis of the Avian Progesterone Receptor

Although the avian progesterone receptor has been purified and investigated extensively, its structure and composition remain unclear. The nontransformed receptor in cytosol extracts exists as two major forms, I and II, which differ in size and in ionic properties (1,2). Both forms I and II are large 8S protein complexes which contain a common 90,000-dalton protein in addition to the hormone binding protein or receptor. This 90,000-dalton protein has been recently identified as heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) (3–5), one of the major heat shock proteins found in eukaryotic cells. Also, the same protein has been shown to form complexes with other steroid receptors from the chicken (6,7), and may thus be a common element of all nontransformed receptors.
Family Member Deaths in Childhood Predict Systemic Inflammation in Late Life.

Biological and epidemiological evidence has linked early-life psychosocial stress with late-life health, with inflammation as a potential mechanism. We report here the association between familial ...
Tonic LAT-HDAC7 Signals Sustain Nur77 and Irf4 Expression to Tune Naive CD4 T Cells

CD4+ T cells differentiate into T helper cell subsets in feedforward manners with synergistic signals from the T cell receptor (TCR), cytokines, and lineage-specific transcription factors. Naive CD4+ T cells avoid spontaneous engagement of feedforward mechanisms but retain a prepared state. T cells lacking the adaptor molecule LAT demonstrate impaired TCR-induced signals yet cause a spontaneous lymphoproliferative T helper 2 (TH2) cell syndrome in mice. Thus, LAT constitutes an unexplained maintenance cue. Here, we demonstrate that tonic signals through LAT constitutively export the repressor HDAC7 from the nucleus of CD4+ T cells. Without such tonic signals, HDAC7 target genes Nur77 and Irf4 are repressed. We reveal that Nur77 suppresses CD4+ T cell proliferation and uncover a suppressive role for Irf4 in TH2 polarization; halving Irf4 gene-dosage leads to increases in GATA3+ and IL-4+ cells. Our studies reveal that naive CD4+ T cells are dynamically tuned by tonic LAT-HDAC7 signals.
Doppelt Vertrieben: Deutsch-jüdische Komponisten aus dem östlichen Europa in Palästina/Israel

Nemtsov's monograph Doppelt Vertrieben opens by quoting the musicologist Herbert Gerigk, who in the introduction to the 1940 Lexikon der Juden in der Musik (Lexicon of Jews in Music) declared in sa...
O! Say Can You Smell? Drug Smell Test Taskforces: Police-Created Exigency Doctrine No Longer a Check on Warrantless Search by Police

This comment analyzes how the High Court might address a challenge to police actions in light of its decision in Kentucky v. King. For the purpose of elucidating analytical points, a fictional police program has been concocted – the “Drug Odor Presence Enforcement” Program, or simply, DOPE. Part II explores the historical development of several Fourth Amendment cases, particularly the King case, its facts, the Supreme Court’s holding, and Justice Ginsberg’s dissent. Part III focuses on the Court’s possible analysis of a challenge to the hypothetical DOPE Program. Last, Part IV discusses various logical outcomes and conclusions based upon the analysis.While the scenario and DOPE Program mentioned above are fictional, they are now not only possible, but the next probable evolution of police enforcement of drug violations under King. The Court’s decision in King was many years in the making, necessitated by a need to resolve an increasing discrepancy between various state high courts and the U.S. Courts of Appeals. Specifically, the courts have disagreed in their application of the “police-created exigency doctrine” as an override of the exigent circumstances exceptions to warrantless searches and seizures. While the Supreme Court’s holding in King that “warrantless entry to prevent the destruction of evidence is allowed where police do not create the exigency through actual or threatened Fourth Amendment violation” seems comforting and even logical, its implications are anything but reassuring. Indeed, the authority of the police (now given more freedom from the Fourth Amendment) conjures images of Nazi storm troopers breaking down the doors of downtrodden citizens of the police-state. In fact, the Court’s extension of discretion to individual police officers contracts the authority, and even the necessity, of a neutral magistrate to the extent that warrants are not even required if the officer so reasons at the time of his entry. Further, lack of a warrant is not even an issue so long as the police acted “reasonably” up to the point they broke down your door.
A Heuristic Method to Solve the Size Assortment Problem

This paper considers the size assortment problem, in which a large number of size distributions (e.g., for retail stores) need to be aggregated into a relatively small number of groups in an optimal fashion. All stores within a group are then allocated merchandise according to their common size distribution. A neighborhood search heuristic is developed to produce near-optimal solutions. We investigate the use of both random and “intelligent” starting solutions to initiate the heuristic. The intelligent starting solutions are based on efficiently solving one-dimensional versions of the original problem and then combining these into consensus solutions. Computational results are reported for some small specially structured test problems, as well as some large test problems obtained from an industrial client.
Genetics of Mitochondrial Disease

Mitochondria are intracellular organelles responsible for adenosine triphosphate production. The strict control of intracellular energy needs require proper mitochondrial functioning. The mitochondria are under dual controls of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA). Mitochondrial dysfunction can arise from changes in either mtDNA or nDNA genes regulating function. There are an estimated ∼1500 proteins in the mitoproteome, whereas the mtDNA genome has 37 proteins. There are, to date, ∼275 genes shown to give rise to disease. The unique physiology of mitochondrial functioning contributes to diverse gene expression. The onset and range of phenotypic expression of disease is diverse, with onset from neonatal to seventh decade of life. The range of dysfunction is heterogeneous, ranging from single organ to multisystem involvement. The complexity of disease expression has severely limited gene discovery. Combining phenotypes with improvements in gene sequencing strategies are improving the diagnosis process. This chapter focuses on the interplay of the unique physiology and gene discovery in the current knowledge of genetically derived mitochondrial disease.
Back to the Future: Methodologies That Capture Real People in the Real World

This article argues that social and personality psychology theory and findings have been unnecessarily hampered by our reliance on a set of methodological lenses that sacrifice external validity an...
Thought-Transplants, Demons, and Modalities

This chapter argues that the author’s earlier argument for the claim that the new nominalist conception of concept-identity significantly contributed to the emergence of what became known as “Demon-skepticism” after Descartes, needs to be supplemented by further considerations concerning the type of modalities involved. More specifically, the possibility of the “full-blown, solipsistic Demon-skepticism” envisioned by Descartes requires, besides the nominalist conception of concept-identity clearly present in Adam Wodeham’s work, the type of non-S5 modality espoused by Descartes which was still not endorsed by Wodeham.
Strength and failure analysis of composite-to-composite adhesive bonds with different surface treatments

Adhesives are widely utilized materials in aviation, automotive, energy, defense, and marine industries. Adhesive joints are gradually supplanting mechanical fasteners because they are lightweight structures, thus making the assembly lighter and easier. They also act as a sealant to prevent a structural joint from galvanic corrosion and leakages. Adhesive bonds provide high joint strength because of the fact that the load is distributed uniformly on the joint surface, while in mechanical joints, the load is concentrated at one point, thus leading to stress at that point and in turn causing joint failures. This research concentrated on the analysis of bond strength and failure loads in adhesive joint of composite-to-composite surfaces. Different durations of plasma along with the detergent cleaning were conducted on the composite surfaces prior to the adhesive applications and curing processes. The joint strength of the composites increased about 34% when the surface was plasma treated for 12 minutes. It is concluded that the combination of different surface preparations, rather than only one type of surface treatment, provides an ideal joint quality for the composites.
A Brief history of avian bioacoustics

A proper history of avian bioacoustics would reference early naturalists such as Aristotle, Pliny the Elder, and others who observed that birds not only have acute senses but that they also learn their vocalizations with reference to auditory information and exhibit parallels with human speech, language, and music. On the production side, the development of the tape recorder followed by the sound spectrograph enabled researchers to precisely record, preserve, analyze, and quantify the characteristics of the amplitude and spectral envelope of the acoustic signals which birds use to communicate. In the 1950s Thorpe, and later Marler, tackled the development of vocal learning in birds and the nuances of individual and species differences, which began the modern era of avian bioacoustics. Almost simultaneously, on the perception side, the confluence of Skinnerian conditioning methods, signal detection theory, and the first laboratory minicomputers launched the modern era of animal psychophysics, which continues to this day in helping to understand the striking parallels between avian acoustic communication and speech and language learning in humans.
Temporal blindspots in Occupy Philadelphia

This paper analyzes the disjunctive temporalities of Occupy Philadelphia’s political constituencies. Drawing on both an ethnographic participant observation study of the Occupy Philadelphia movemen...
E-Reader apps and reading engagement: A descriptive case study

Abstract E-readers are becoming a common tool in the classroom, yet little is known about how teachers and students are using these tools to support reading motivation and comprehension. Drawing on sociocultural theory and data collected from fourth-grade teachers and students, we find that teachers used e-readers to monitor student comprehension of assigned readings, but provided little motivational support. While this instructional approach helped students self-regulate their learning, it was disruptive to students' reading enjoyment and contributed to adverse learning behaviors. We situate these findings in rich contextual detail on teachers and students. Our findings shed light on affordances and constraints that teachers can experience when using e-readers for instruction.
On the Innervation of the Double Eye

I define the fixation space of the double eye as the space within which the intersection of both lines of sight, that is, the binocular visual point, can be moved with unchanged head position. This fixation space is to be thought of as tightly tied to the head, and changes its position only when the head changes its position. Every point in the fixation space has, therefore, an unchangeable position relative to the head or to the points of rotation of the eyes. If each eye possessed only the four rectus muscles, it would immediately be specified which muscles and degrees of contraction would be necessary for any given position of the lines of sight in fixation space in order to hold the lines of sight, and with them the point of vision, steady in this position. Because each eye has six muscles, however, one can think of the fixation of the lines of sight in a given position as brought about in varying ways by the muscles. Fixation on one and the same point of visual space could then be maintained now with this and now with another muscle, and the various muscle actions would of course correspond to varying innervations.
Improving Attention in Old Age

The aim of this study was to examine whether a mindful intervention, based on noticing distinctions, could be used to improve the attention of older individuals. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four attention interventions. In the mindfulness groups, participants studying a set of pictures were told to notice either three or five distinctions. In the control groups, participants were either told to pay attention or were not given any directions related to attention before exposure to the set of pictures. The results indicated that those who viewed the stimuli in terms of distinctions were able to remember significantly more pictures than did those in the control groups. Distinction drawing also increased liking for the stimuli. The findings suggest that if older individuals want to increase attention and recall, rather than focus their attention, they may want to find ways to vary their attention.
Provenance artifact identification in the atmospheric composition processing system (ACPS)

The Atmospheric Composition Processing System (ACPS) evolved from the heritage processing systems currently processing ozone data at NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center. The ACPS includes complete provenance tracking of the various artifacts related to data processing. These include the data transformation algorithms and all data in the system, both inputs from external sources and data produced within the system. Other artifacts include the hardware and software of the processing framework, the source instruments and satellites, scientific literature and documentation, and people and organizations. The origin of any data or algorithms is recorded and the entire history of the processing chains are stored such that a researcher can understand the entire data flow. Provenance is captured in a form suitable for the system to provide basic scientific reproducibility of any data product it distributes even in cases where the physical data products themselves have been deleted due to space constraints. This paper will discuss the identification of provenance artifacts in the system and web services for communicating metadata about those provenance artifacts.
Membrane Transport in Red Blood Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeleton. It is mentioned that the availability, structural and metabolic simplicity, and ease of manipulating the intracellular as well as the extra cellular solutions of red blood cells have made them a popular subject for the study of membrane transport. The chapter discusses several concepts related to red blood cells—membrane and cytoskeleton, intracellular environment, metabolism and life span, membrane transporters in red blood cells, ionic and osmotic equilibrium and cell volume regulation, anion exchange and conductance, and cytotoxic calcium cascade. The chapter includes an illustration of electrogenic potential of the Na+ -K+ pump in human red blood cells, as monitored with the oxonol dye WW781.The life spans of red blood cells from various mammalian species correlate with body mass, suggesting the existence of a biological clock that is obviously independent of gene transcription or translation in the mature non-nucleated cells. Mammalian red blood cells are highly differentiated for their primary function of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport, and from a structural point of view are the simplest of all eukaryotic cells. Most mammalian red blood cells normally exhibit a biconcave discoidal shape. The red-cell membrane and associated cytoskeleton enclose a viscous cytoplasmic solution of the oxygen–binding pigment called hemoglobin. The metabolism and life span vary from mammal to mammal. Membrane transporters in red blood cells have been explained in detail. Human red blood cells contain 66% water. Characteristics of human blood cells have been described. The transport of carbon dioxide from the peripheral tissues to the lungs is facilitated by the production of bicarbonate by red blood cells in a cyclic reaction scheme known as the Jacobs-Stewart cycle, which has been illustrated. The effect of excess cytotoxic calcium on red blood cell has been described. It is mentioned that red blood cells are prototypical of more complicated cells and have long been a popular object of study for cellular physiologists.
In Defense of Garibaldi

In this chapter, DiMaria calls to account some of the most debatable accusations against Garibaldi, who in 1860 invaded the South, fought the Bourbon army, and paved the way for the unification of Italy. DiMaria marshals the evidence to disprove once and for all recent allegations that Garibaldi was a false hero, a thief, and a war criminal. He concedes that the Hero of the Two Worlds may not have been a military genius or a savvy politician, but leaves no doubt that the general was a true hero, a hero of the people. The Garibaldian myth lives on, Di Maria believes, mostly because of the ideals of freedom and human dignity that he awakened in the masses both in Italy and in other parts of the Western world.
Loss of Forkhead Box O3 Facilitates Inflammatory Colon Cancer: Transcriptome Profiling of the Immune Landscape and Novel Targets.

Background & Aims Diminished forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) function drives inflammation and cancer growth; however, mechanisms fostering these pathobiologies are unclear. Here, we aimed to identify in colon loss of FOXO3-dependent cellular and molecular changes that facilitate inflammation-mediated tumor growth. Methods FOXO3 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were used in the AOM/DSS model of inflammation-mediated colon cancer. Bioinformatics were used for profiling of mRNA sequencing data from human and mouse colon and tumors; specific targets were validated in human colon cancer cells (shFOXO3). Results In mice, FOXO3 deficiency led to significantly elevated colonic tumor burden (incidence and size) compared with WT (P Conclusions We identified the loss of FOXO3-mediated immune landscape, pathways, and transcripts that could serve as biomarkers and new targets for inflammatory colon cancer treatment.
Temperature-Dependent Transport in Ultrathin Black Phosphorus Field-Effect Transistors.

We studied the temperature-dependent transport properties of ultrathin black phosphorus (BP). We present measurements of BP Schottky barrier (SB) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) with various channel lengths, constructed from a single BP sample with nanoscale uniformity in thickness and width. The electrical characterization reveals a reversal in the temperature dependence of drain current as a function of gate voltage. This reversal indicates a transition in the charge conduction limiting mechanisms as the device is swept from the off-state into the on-state. In the off-state, charge transport is limited by thermionic emission over the energy barriers at the source/drain SB contacts, and drain current increases with temperature. In the on-state, carriers can easily tunnel across the SB at the contacts, and charge transport is limited by scattering in the channel. As a result, drain current decreases with temperature in the on-state, as scattering increases with temperature. Us...
The Increasing Prevalence of Obesity in Residents of U.S. Nursing Homes: 2005-2015

BACKGROUND Obesity prevalence has been increasing over decades among the U.S. population. This study analyzed trends in obesity prevalence among long-stay nursing home residents from 2005 to 2015. METHODS Data came from the Minimum Data Sets (2005-2015). The study population was limited to long-stay residents (ie, those residing in a nursing home ≥100 days in a year). Residents were stratified into body mass index (BMI)-based groups: underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI < 25), overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30), and obese (BMI ≥ 30); residents with obesity were further categorized as having Class I (30 ≤ BMI < 35), Class II (35 ≤ BMI < 40), or Class III (BMI ≥ 40) obesity. Minimum Data Sets assessments for 2015 were used to compare clinical and functional characteristics across these groups. RESULTS Obesity prevalence increased from 22.4% in 2005 to 28.0% in 2015. The prevalence of Class III obesity increased from 4.0% to 6.2%. The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, and overweight decreased from 8.5% to 7.2%, from 40.3% to 37.1%, and from 28.9% to 27.8%, respectively. In 2015, compared with residents with normal weight, residents with obesity were younger, were less likely to be cognitively impaired, had high levels of mobility impairment, and were more likely to have important medical morbidities. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE There was a steady upward trend in obesity prevalence among nursing home residents for 2005-2015. Medical and functional characteristics of these residents may affect the type and level of care required, putting financial and staffing pressure on nursing homes.
Cross-cultural chemistry.

After a PhD in Canada, a post-graduate career in the USA and fellowships in Japan and Austria, Reuben Hudson discusses how a universal language enables the meaningful pursuit of chemistry across cultures.
Singapore Mass Rapid Transit (SMRT): Operations and Revenue Cycle

ABSTRACT This paper discusses a case study for use in undergraduate accounting curricula. The case study presents students with an opportunity to apply their accounting information systems (AIS) kn...
A Spectral Generalization of Von Neumann Minimax Theorem

Given $n \times n$ real symmetric matrices $A_1, \dots, A_m$, the following {\it spectral minimax} property holds: $$\min_{X \in \mathbf{\Delta}_n} \max_{y \in S_m} \sum_{i=1}^m y_iA_i \bullet X=\max_{y \in S_m} \min_{X \in \mathbf{\Delta}_n} \sum_{i=1}^m y_iA_i \bullet X,$$ where $S_m$ is the simplex and $\mathbf{\Delta}_n$ the spectraplex. For diagonal $A_i$'s this reduces to the classic minimax.
Amenable Controls: How Companies Influence Laws, Reputation, and Morals

What happens when sustainability concerns clash with the company’s bottom line? On paper, various systems should deter unsustainable behavior: fear of liability (legal sanctions), diminished business opportunities (reputational sanctions), or guilty feelings (moral sanctions). Yet, in reality, companies do not take these legal, reputational, and moral sanctions as given. They rather count on their ability to dilute the expected sanctions. Companies reduce the probability of being caught by controlling the information environment and creating plausible deniability. They are often the ones dictating the public perception of whether they behaved sustainably or not. Companies can also dilute the sanction that is imposed once they are caught, by capturing the regulators, and reducing the guilt associated with immoral behavior. Recognizing that all systems of control can be gamed opens up space for rethinking policy implications, such as designing the legal system in ways that balance the non-legal systems’ areas of malleability.
Integration and expression of the Escherichia coli xylose isomerase gene in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

The xyclose isomerase gene inEscherichia coli was cloned complementarily into a Leu2-negativeSchizosaccharomyces pombe mutant (ATCC 38399). The subsequent integration of the plasmid into the chromosomal DNA of the host yeast was verified by using the dot blot and southern blot techniques. The expressed xylose isomerase showed activity on a nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel. The expression of xylose isomerase gene was influenced by the concentration of nutrients in the fermentation broth. The yeast possessed a xylose isomerase activity of 20 nmol/min/mg by growing in an enriched medium containing yeast extract-malt extract-peptone (YMP) andd-xylose. The conversion ofd-xylose tod-xylulose catalyzed by xylose isomerase in the transformed yeast cells makes it possible to fermentd-xylose with ethanol as a major product. When the fermentation broth contained YMP and 5% (w/v)d-xylose, the maximal ethanol yield and productivity reached 0.42 g/g and 0.19 g/l/h, respectively.
Boom, bust, and the lack of trust: when stakeholder priorities collide

SMI Companies Global Inc., a Louisiana-based contract manufacturer for the oil and gas industry had a conflict with Whitney Bank regarding a line of credit. The line of credit was for a specific contract to supply acid storage tanks to Halliburton. Due to a series of delays on the part of Halliburton, the contract was started much later than originally envisaged. While the bank was aware of the delays, they were unwilling to extend the time for the repayment of the loan. Vaughn S. Lane, the founder and owner of the company, learned that the bank had, unilaterally and quite abruptly, turned the loan over to the bank's attorney for collection. He had to make a decision as to how to respond to the expected call from the attorney.
Capability Analysis of Abaqus Shell Element Based on Finite Element Method

Shell-like structures are widely used in many engineering structures. This work is forcing on the performance of the S4 element and S4R element, two types of conventional shell element in Abaqus, in different R/h ratios. In the scenario of a pipe-like configuration, both DKQ and MPT have different positions in different R/h ratios.