cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Technological Challenges: Lessons Learned from a Telehealth Counseling Study.

Background: Telehealth methods, including video chat counseling, have been growing in popularity within the behavioral health counseling field for over a decade. While video-based counseling methods have been shown to be effective and convenient, they have unique challenges stemming from the technology they use. Technical challenges can negatively impact appointment flow, intervention effectiveness, and the satisfaction of both patients and clinicians. Methodology: The Y2TEC (Youth to Text or Telehealth for Engagement in HIV Care) study is a pilot randomized control trial examining the feasibility and acceptability of a video counseling series provided to young adults (ages 18-29) living with HIV. The study's clinicians provided about 500 video-based counseling sessions through the Zoom videoconferencing platform. The study team then developed recommendations for overcoming technical challenges through a review of the best practice literature, insights from the clinicians and study coordinator, engaging in consultations during supervision meetings, receiving verbal feedback from participants, and reviewing logs of technical challenges. Results: Through our experience, we have found that quality of video-based counseling services can be greatly improved with minor intentional technological modifications in preparation and provision of services. We provide an overview of common challenges and corresponding recommendations to address them. Conclusion: This article can help clinicians improve their quality of telehealth sessions by identifying several common technological challenges that can occur during video chat sessions, exploring the impact of these challenges on session dynamics and providing concise, best practice-based recommendations to mitigate these issues that clinicians face.
Effects of Submergence Depth of Submerged Floating Tunnel on Global Behaviors under Waves and Earthquakes

A submerged floating tunnel is an innovative structure designed for deep-water, long-distance crossing. In this study, two conceptual designs with respect to submergence depth of the tunnel were suggested, and feasibility of them was analyzed under harsh waves and earthquakes. Slender tunnel sections and mooring lines were modeled by the lumped-mass-based line model. The Morison equation was utilized for wave-load estimations. Dynamic responses of the tunnel and mooring tensions were analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of both designs. Larger responses are observed from the case of same submergence depth of the tunnel than variable one under wave excitations. However, while both cases have similar dynamic responses under seismic excitations, same submergence depth of the tunnel contributes to smaller mooring tensions.
Looking back on 45 years of canine dermatology.

Abstract In June 2018, I was honored (and flabbergasted!) to receive the Kennel Club Charitable Trust’s Lifetime Achievement Award for research in the field of canine health, sponsored by Vernon and Shirley Hill of Metro Bank, and administered by the Kennel Club Charitable Trust. I entered the arena of veterinary dermatology in 1971, a graduate of the University of California, Davis. I retired from Cornell University as the James Law Professor Dermatology Emeritus in 2016. During my 45-year career in veterinary dermatology, I worked with all species, especially dogs, cats, and horses, eventually authoring or co-authoring 694 publications including 12 textbooks. For this personal view I will limit my comments to canine dermatology. I was asked to make this article ‘a more reflective piece on my lifetime’s work’. This is not at all comfortable for me, as my upbringing encouraged me not to ‘toot my own horn’. However, ‘toot’ I must. Hence, indulge me as I share these very personal views on where we were, where we went, and some of my own dabblings along the way. If I fail to mention one of your favorite remembrances, I apologize. Don’t let it get under your skin!
Inflating and deflating an underwater cylindrical membrane structure

Abstract The submerged air-inflated membrane cylinder is studied through perturbation and numerical integration. The problem depends on the distance between the anchors and a parameter which quantifies the pressure difference. Partial similarity and full similarity solutions are found. The results show nonlinear phenomena such as instability, snap through and hysteresis, especially during the deflation process.
Management of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Premature Infants in 2020

The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the most commonly found cardiac condition in neonates. While there have been several studies and thousands of publications on the topic, the decision to treat the PDA is still strongly debated among cardiologists, surgeons, and neonatologists. This is in part due to the shortage of long-term benefits with the interventions studied. Practice variations still exist within sub-specialties and centers. This article briefly summarizes the history, embryology and histology of the PDA. It also succinctly discusses the hemodynamic significance of a PDA which builds the framework to review all the available literature on PDA closure in premature infants, though not a paradigm shift just yet; it introduces transcatheter PDA closure (TCPC) as a possible armament to the clinician for this age-old problem.
Essential Steps to Modeling

Before presenting each of the above methodologies, it is important to understand the steps essential for mineral and energy modeling. Developing and applying a mineral or energy model normally requires the same “tool kit” that is used for constructing a typical commodity model, i.e. see Labys (1973, 1975) and Labys and Pollak (1984). Such a model consists of a number of components which reflect various aspects of demand, supply, trade and price determination. Each of these components, in turn, embody basic theories of economic behavior and/or transformation processes. What gives a mineral or energy model its particular configuration is the kind of market system it attempts to emulate. There is no such thing as an allpurpose commodity model. Each model must describe aspects of mineral or energy behavior which are peculiar to the system of interest.
Chapter 9 Substrate oxidation and NAD+ reduction by phototrophic bacteria

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses substrate oxidation and NAD + reduction by phototrophic bacteria. Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (anoxyphotobacteria) cannot use water as an electron donor during photosynthesis. This is in contrast to the oxygenic photosynthesis carried out by higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria, in which water is oxidized to 0. The phototrophic bacteria rely instead on the oxidation of reduced inorganic and simple organic compounds to supply the reducing equivalents needed for the biosynthesis of cellular material via such processes as CO 2 fixation and N 2 fixation. The five families of phototrophic bacteria differ widely with respect to their energy and carbon metabolism and can be divided into two major groups on the basis of their principal electron donors. In the organotrophs, organic compounds are the favored electron donors, while the lithotrophs are characterized by the oxidation of reduced sulphur compounds. Photo-organotrophic growth with a variety of organic compounds is common for the purple non-sulfur bacteria and the green gliding bacteria. In these bacteria, oxidation of substrates that are more reduced than cell material requires the presence of a terminal electron acceptor that is more oxidized than the cell material synthesized. Photolithotrophic growth with reduced inorganic compounds of greatest importance, reduced sulfur compounds) characterizes the purple sulphur bacteria and the green sulfur bacteria.
Not just another nosebleed

A 14-year-old Hispanic male comes to the emergency department (ED) for nosebleeds and fever.
Effect of water restriction on the development of hypothalamic lesions in weanling rodents given MSG. I. Drinking behaviour and physiological parameters in mice (Mus musculus).

Abstract Deprivation of water overnight (ON: 19.00–09.00 h) induced approx. 20% haemoconcentration in weanling ICR strain mice and resulted in avid consumption of fluid offered for 30 min subsequently, with delayed restoration of serum osmolality and sodium to normal levels in those offered 8% w v monosodium l -glutamate monohydrate (MSG) aqueous solution. Neuronal necrosis of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus was found in 12 180 dehydrated mice deprived ON and subsequently consuming 3.0 g or more MSG/kg body weight offered hypertonic MSG solution as the sole source of drinking water. The lesions were less severe than in mice given MSG s.c. or by forced intubation. Mice deprived ON and subsequently consuming MSG solution with water in a free choice experiment, and those deprived during daytime (DT: 07.00–21.00 h) and subsequently consuming MSG solution, with or without water, developed fewer and less severe lesions than did mice deprived ON and subsequently consuming MSG solution solely. The provision of other nutrients (e.g. glucose, arginine) reduced glutamate-induced hypothalamic lesions and elevation of plasma l -glutamate. The findings are in accord with earlier observations that hypothalamic lesions do not result even in this most susceptible species from the ‘voluntary’ consumption of MSG by physiologically normal animals. No lesions were produced even in mice deprived of food and water ON and subsequently consuming up to 7.3 g MSG/kg body weight in diet and in soup.
Real-time component-based systems

Component technology has become a central focus of software engineering in research and development. Reusability is a key factor that contributes to its success. The reuse of components can lead to a shortening of software development cycles and savings in software development costs. However, existing component models provide no support for real-time services and some real-time extensions of component models lack of consideration for reusability of components in providing real-time services. In this work, we develop a real-time component-based system that maintains the reusability of components.
A low-dimensional stochastic closure model for combustion large-eddy simulation

A novel formulation for the large-eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent combustion flows is presented. The formulation is based on coupling LES equations for mass and momentum, with the corresponding 1D stochastic governing equations using the One-Dimensional Turbulence (ODT) model. ODT domains, or elements, on which fine-grained ODT simulations are implemented, are embedded in the flow to represent unresolved scalar and momentum statistics. The formulation is designed to address important coupling between turbulent transport and molecular processes (reaction and diffusion) over a wide range of length and time scales. This coupling poses difficult challenges for the LES modeling of turbulent mixing and combustion flows. The LES-ODT approach is implemented for the problem of autoignition in non-homogeneous mixtures. The LES-ODT model yields excellent agreement with direct numerical simulations (DNS) of reactive scalars' statistics at different turbulence and Lewis number conditions. Comparisons of the LES-ODT...
Philosophical Issues in Recent Paleontology

The distinction between idiographic science, which aims to reconstruct sequences of particular events, and nomothetic science, which aims to discover laws and regularities, is crucial for understanding the paleobiological revolution of the 1970s and 1980s. Stephen Jay Gould at times seemed conflicted about whether to say (a) that idiographic science is fine as it is or (b) that paleontology would have more credibility if it were more nomothetic. Ironically, one of the lasting results of the paleobiological revolution was a new way of doing historical science that defies categorization as idiographic or nomothetic. Yet the tension between (a) and (b) persists in some recent work in the philosophy of science, with Carol Cleland defending a version of (a) and Dan McShea and Robert Brandon defending a version of (b). In placing Cleland's work into conversation with that of McShea and Brandon, this paper defends a third (c) synthetic approach that emphasizes the blending of idiographic and nomothetic work.
Monte Carlo model of tracking behavior.

A Monte Carlo model was devised for simulation of human tracking behavior with a digital computer. The model had four basic equations and included provision for one- and two-dimensional tracking, repetitive and irregular input signals, and practice trials. Four groups of 12 human subjects each were given 40 practice trials on either one- or two-dimensional tracking, and either repetitive or irregular input signals. The model was then used to simulate corresponding data for four groups of 12 hypothetical subjects each, and comparisons of the real and hypothetical subject samples were made for various measures of proficiency. Overall, the adequacy of the simulation was judged as good. Research tactics are discussed for arriving at a generalized model of n-dimensional tracking behavior, and for elaborated models that will include procedural and decision acts to simulate more complex man-machine systems.
Microstructural and mechanical performance of aluminium to steel high power ultrasonic spot welding

Abstract Welding of Aluminium 6111-T4 to bare and two different zinc coated steels was successfully carried out using high power ultrasonic spot welding. The thermal behaviour and non-uniform heat distribution at the local weld area were investigated. The effect of heat generation on precipitates dissolution and natural aging of Al6111-T4 was studied. The maximum hardness in TMAZ was 10-15Hv higher than natural aging which is because of higher rate of precipitation due to reduction in grain/subgrain size. The performance of soft hot-dipped DX56-Z and hard galvannealed DX53-ZF zinc coated steels was discussed in terms of mechanical properties and joinability, in comparison with uncoated steel. The highest peak load (3.25 kN) and fracture energy (∼5 kN mm) was reached in the case of aluminium to hot dipped DX56-Z zinc coated steel joints owing to the maximum ductility. In contrast, in aluminium to galvannealed DX53-ZF zinc coated steel joints failure was promoted earlier with low mechanical properties of 2.6 kN shear strength and 1.25 kN mm fracture energy as a result of damage to the zinc layer. Formation of brittle Al–Fe intermetallic layer at the interface of aluminium to bare steel was the main effect of reduction in ∼3.0 kN lap shear strength at the maxima. Surface damage due to sonotrode welding tip penetration was seen to be more severe in aluminium to bare DC04 steel compared to other weld combinations that resulted strength loss when the thickness of the weld nugget is reduced at the optimum condition.
Structure of the zebrafish snail1 gene and its expression in wild-type, spadetail and no tail mutant embryos

Mesoderm formation is critical for the establishment of the animal body plan and in Drosophila requires the snail gene. This report concerns the cloning and expression pattern of the structurally similar gene snail1 from zebrafish. In situ hybridization shows that the quantity of snail1 RNA increases at the margin of the blastoderm in cells that involute during gastrulation. As gastrulation begins, snail1 RNA disappears from the dorsal axial mesoderm and becomes restricted to the paraxial mesoderm and the tail bud. snail1 RNA increases in cells that define the posterior border of each somite and then disappears when somitic cells differentiate. Later in development, expression appears in cephalic neural crest derivatives. Many snail1-expressing cells were missing from mutant spadetail embryos and the quantity of snail1 RNA was greatly reduced in mutant no tail embryos. The work presented here suggests that snail1 is involved in morphogenetic events during gastrulation, somitogenesis and development of the cephalic neural crest, and that no tail may act as a positive regulator of snail1.
A job fit for heroes? Disabled veterans, the Arts and Crafts Movement and social reconstruction in post-World War I Britain

In 1917, Henry Wilson and members of the Arts and Crafts Movement began a campaign for the provision of handicraft training for disabled veterans. They argued that handicraft work would be an ideal form of therapy for men with disabilities and, most importantly, would lead to meaningful employment. The following year, the government appointed Wilson and some of his associates to a committee that would advise it on this subject. In this capacity, they proposed, reviewed and endorsed government funding for a number of handicraft training schemes. This article examines their activities and the reasons why their well-intentioned schemes failed. In particular, I examine George Frampton's proposal to train disabled veterans so that they might earn a living weaving tapestries as war memorials. It is my contention that this episode further illustrates the ways in which disabled veterans were adversely affected by the post-war politics of social reconstruction. They faced a government committed to financial retren...
Scalable global alignment for multiple biological networks

Background Advances in high-throughput technology has led to an increased amount of available data on protein-protein interaction (PPI) data. Detecting and extracting functional modules that are common across multiple networks is an important step towards understanding the role of functional modules and how they have evolved across species. A global protein-protein interaction network alignment algorithm attempts to find such functional orthologs across multiple networks.
Effects of alternating current frequency and permeation enhancers upon human epidermal membrane.

Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of AC iontophoresis to control skin resistance in different transdermal iontophoresis applications. The objectives of the present study were to (a) identify the alternating current (AC) frequency for the optimization of AC pore induction of human epidermal membrane (HEM) and (b) determine the effects of chemical permeation enhancers upon the extent of pore induction under AC conditions. Experiments with a synthetic membrane system were first conducted as the control. In these synthetic membrane experiments, the electrical resistance of the membrane remained essentially constant, suggesting constant electromobility of the background electrolyte ions under the AC conditions studied. In the HEM experiments, the electrical resistance data showed that higher applied voltages were required to induce the same extent of pore induction in HEM at AC frequency of 1 kHz compared with those at 30 Hz. Even higher voltages were needed at AC frequencies of 10 kHz and higher. AC frequency also influenced the recovery of HEM electrical resistance after AC iontophoresis application. An optimal AC frequency region for effective pore induction and least sensation was proposed. Permeation enhancers were shown to enhance pore induction in HEM during AC iontophoresis. The enhancers reversibly reduced the AC voltage required to sustain a constant state of pore induction in HEM during AC iontophoresis, consistent with the mechanism of lipid lamellae electroporation in the stratum corneum.
{[4-(4-[2,2′]­Bipyridyl)­phenyl]­dimethylphosphine}dichloro(η5-penta­methyl­cycl­openta­dienyl)iridium(III)

The title compound, [Ir(Cp*)Cl2(PC18H17N2)], crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The mol­ecules differ in geometry in the angles between the aromatic rings of the phosphine ligand.
Two-dimensional wave function and boundary conditions in the presence of long-range magnetic flux

It is shown that the recently advocated quantum-mechanical boundary condition on the tangential component of the current at the boundary, necessarily fails when there exists a discontinuity in the magnetic field across this boundary. An explicit contradiction between the continuity condition on the tangential component of the current at the boundary and the wave function proposed by the advocator is pointed out. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the multiple-valued wave function is allowed in a two-dimensional, multiply connected space, but there is no basis for it in a simply connected space, if the potential is rotationally symmetric and nonsingular.
A theoretical investigation of optimal target‐dose conformity in gamma knife radiosurgerya)

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to suggest guidelines for target-dose conformity in gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS) by taking into account factors that have been linked to GKSRS complications. We also suggest an explanation for the failure of previous studies to find a correlation between improved conformity index and reduced risk of GKSRS toxicity, where the conformity index,CS, is defined as the ratio of the prescription volume, VP, to the target volume, VT. Methods: Previous investigations have shown that symptomatic toxicity in GKSRS is correlated with the volume of nontarget tissue receiving the prescription dose,DP. In this study, we formulated the volume of nontarget tissue,VNTD, receiving doseD ≤ DPas a function of the target volume, prescription volume, and prescription dose. We verified the model for D = 12–15 Gy by comparing VNTD calculated from the model versus VNTD calculated directly for 114 tumors in 63 consecutive patients treated at our institution. Once verified, we used this formulation of VNTD to calculate the volume of nontarget tissue receiving doses between 12 and 15 Gy from published data reported for patients experiencing varying degrees of GKSRS toxicity. Next, assuming that the VNTD values calculated for those patients who had either no toxicity or mild neurological symptoms in the published study represented safe levels of normal tissue irradiated to the dose in question, we substituted these VNTD values into an equation expressing CS in terms of VNTD, VT, and DP, and examined how CS varied as a function of VT and DP. Results: TheR2 value for the correlation between VNTD calculated directly or calculated with the proposed formula for VNTD ranged from 0.98 to 0.99, indicating that the formula accurately models the behavior of the nontarget volume receiving doseD. Applying this formulation of VNTD to historical data suggested that the requirements VNT15 ≤ 2.2 cm3, VNT14 ≤ 2.6 cm3, VNT13 ≤ 3.1 cm3, and VNT12 ≤ 3.8 cm3 minimize the risk of severe complications following GKSRS. Imposing these criteria imply that as the target size increases, delivering a given prescription dose requires increasing target-dose conformity. For tumor sizes >5 cm3CS must be ≤1.2 to restrict VNTD to the values listed above. For very small targets, on the other hand, nearly any reasonable conformity index will lead to acceptable values of VNTD. These observations may explain why previous investigations failed to show a correlation between improved conformity and decreased toxicity in GKSRS, because in these earlier studies the range of conformity indices represented was not wide enough, in particular CS values <1.3 were not represented for large tumors. Conclusions: Our model suggests that for target volumes ≥ 3 cm3, high levels of target-dose conformity (CS < 1.3) are required for typical GKSRS prescription doses in order to limit VNTD to levels associated with either no toxicity or mild neurological symptoms in a previous investigation.
Excess enthalpies of liquid (ethene+xenon) at 162.9 K

Abstract The excess molar enthalpy H m E of { x Xe + (1 − x )C 2 H 4 }(1) has been determined as a function of x at T = 162.9 K. The results agree well with values derived from G m E ( T ).
The university perspective: awarding credit for advanced placement (AP) in computer science

This panel discusses the granting of credit for AP CS by colleges and universities. Particularly with the change of the AP CS exam from Pascal to C++ last year, this panel is aimed both the collegiate and high school communities who are interested in comments from schools who have experience with AP CS students. Topics will include a short review of the AP curriculum, and some examples of what credit is given, how AP CS students are placed, and how the students perform in those and subsequent courses.
Radiologic-Pathologic Conference of Children's Hospital Boston: Bilateral asymptomatic renal enlargement

An otherwise healthy 11-month-old boy presented with bilateral abdominal masses. Imaging findings, differential diagnosis, histological findings, and pertinent discussion are presented.
Sustaining a School-Based Prevention Program Results From the Aban Aya Sustainability Project

Sustaining effective school-based prevention programs is critical to improving youth and population-based health. This article reports on results from the Aban Aya Sustainability Project, an effort to sustain a school-based prevention program that was tested via a randomized trial and targeted violence, drug use, and risky sex-related behaviors among a cohort of 5th-grade African American children followed through 10th grade. Sustainability project health educators trained parent educators to deliver the Aban Aya prevention curriculum in five schools, and project researchers studied the resultant curricular implementation and relations between the research and school-based teams. Study results showed uneven implementation across the five schools that we largely attributed to parent educator preparation and parent educator-health educator relations. These and related results are discussed to answer the study's primary research question: How viable was the sustainability project's parent-centered approach to sustaining a school-based prevention program?
Differences Between Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Extracts and Nicotine in the Activation of Platelets Under Static and Flow Conditions

Background— Cigarette smoke is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Enhanced function of the hemostatic system, in which platelets play a major role, is a significant underlying mechanism in cardiovascular disease and its progression. Epidemiological studies, complemented by physiological and biochemical data, show that cigarette smoke adversely affects platelet function, both in smokers and in nonsmokers exposed to sidestream smoke. Methods and Results— The thrombogenic potential of platelets subjected to mainstream smoke extracts, sidestream extracts, and nicotine was measured in vitro under static and dynamic flow conditions. Platelet activation state was measured with a modified prothrombinase-based method. Mainstream and sidestream smoke extracts caused increased platelet activation. Although low-tar mainstream extracts activated platelets less than high-tar extracts, the sidestream extracts were almost equally potent. Modification of the filters of low-tar cigarettes, by blocking the a...
Relation of Maternal Race to the Risk of Preterm, Non-Low Birth Weight Infants: a Population Study

The authors used 1982-1983 Illinois vital records and 1980 US Census income data to determine the contribution of maternal race to the risk of preterm ( 2,500 g) infants. This older cohort was chosen to avoid the confounding effect of cocaine associated with its increased local availability after 1985. In Chicago, the unadjusted preterm, non-low birth weight rate was 14% for African Americans (n = 43,059) compared with 9% for Mexican Americans (n = 10,397) and 7% for whites (n = 26,152) (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.6-1.8; odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 2.3-2.5, respectively). In logistic models that included maternal sociodemographic and prenatal care variables, the adjusted odds ratio of preterm, non-low birth weight for. African Americans compared with Mexican Americans and whites was 1.6 (95% confidence interval 1.4-1.8) and 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.2-1.7), respectively. The authors conclude that some factor closely linked to the African-American race, not underserved minority status per se, is a fundamental cause of preterm, non-low birth weight.
Dissolution of calcite in deep-sea sediments: pH and O2 microelectrode results

Abstract We present microelectrode profiles of oxygen, pH, and porosity measured at in situ depth across the sediment-water interface from stations above and below the calcite saturation horizon in the equatorial Atlantic. Resistivity electrode data indicate that the diffusion coefficient for solutes is attenuated by nearly a factor of two within the top centimeter of the sediment lattice. Oxygen and porosity data are used to estimate that the organic carbon respiration rate of the sediment is 10–15 μmol cm −2 yr −1 in these locations. Comparison of the pH data with numerical model results reveals that sedimentary calcite dissolves in response to respiration in the top few centimeters of sediment even above the saturation horizon. We calculate that the effective in situ dissolution rate constant for calcite required to explain these data is the neighborhood of 10–100% d −1 . Although more data are needed to confirm this result, it appears to be at least an order of magnitude less than the rate observed in laboratory stirred-reactor experiments.
Depression-related Imagery on Instagram

Despite the well-established finding that people share negative emotions less openly than positive ones, a hashtag search for depression-related terms in Instagram yields millions of images. In this study, we examined depression-related images on Instagram along with their accompanying captions. We want to better understand the role of photo sharing in the lives of people who suffer from depression or who frame their experience as such; specifically, whether this practice engages support networks and how social computing systems can be designed to support such interactions. To lay the groundwork for further investigation, we report here on content analysis of depression-related posts.
Prosodic adaptations to pitch perturbation in running speech

Purpose A feedback perturbation paradigm was used to investigate whether prosodic cues are controlled independently or in an integrated fashion during sentence production. Method Twenty-one healthy...
Genetics of psoriasis

There is considerable epidemiological evidence that there is a strong genetic component to psoriasis. However, inheritance does not follow simple mendelian patterns. Modern molecular genetic techniques allow identification of susceptibility genes in common diseases where the mode of inheritance is not obvious and there are no readily identifiable candidate genes. Considerable progress has been made in mapping susceptibility genes in psoriasis. Several loci have now been identified including a replicated locus within the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6p. Within this locus is HLA Cw6 although there is accumulating evidence that the susceptibility gene is separate from HLAC. There are many clinical and therapeutic benefits likely to result from such research. These include identification of disease specific biological pathways, development of animal models, development of diagnostic tests and future development of novel therapies.
Redemptive Prose: Richard Wright’s Re-authoring of the Patricidal Urtext

The pen is mightier than the sword! This adage, written by English playwright Edward Bulwer-Lytton, is a concise declaration that calls attention to the potency of the written word. By no means the exclusive preserve of the political revolutionary (e.g., Marx and Engel’s Manifesto of the Communist Party) nor of the theological reformer (e.g., Luther’s The Ninety-Five Theses), the mighty pen is also an instrument used by persons who seek either to effect or to experience a change in a number of diverse, and sometimes more personal, issues. As readers, we often ignore that many authors may be working through their own turmoil—whether psychological, spiritual, or otherwise—when they clasp the pen to put their thoughts to paper. How, then, do authors use the pen as a therapeutic tool to remedy their inner wounds, the unseen trauma often caused by various “psychosocial swords”? This article offers a particularized response to this inquiry by investigating the pain of paternal abandonment and the restorative efficacy of filial wisdom evinced in Richard Wright’s novels Black Boy and The Long Dream. It is my contention that Wright’s redemptive prose presents convincing evidence that the pen, as an instrument of restoration, is indeed mightier than any sword used to sever those inalienable relationships (e.g., the father-son dyad) that give sustenance to and are therefore an essential part of one’s selfhood.
Cytoplasmic dexamethasone receptors in embryonic chick cartilage: nature and ontogeny.

Abstract We have studied the binding of [3H]-dexamethasone to a cytoplasmic component in embryonic chick cartilage as a function of age and nature. Binding was observed by 9 days of embryonic development and increased to a maximum between 13 and 16 days. Injection of the embryo with 12.5 μg (30nmol) dexamethasone markedly reduced the binding of [3H]-dexamethasone to 10–20% of the control value. The eytosol binding component exhibited saturation at 2.5 × 10−8 M dexamethasone and showed high affinity for [3H]-dexamethasone with KD = 7.4 × 10−9 M. A single class of binding sites was suggested by Scatchard analysis. The binding molecule is a protein (binding ability was destroyed by pronase but not DNase and RNase) and binding was dependent on the integrity of —SH groups. Maximum binding occurred at pH 7.5 and markedly inhibited at pH less than 6.0 or at temperatures greater than 37°C.
A comparison of MODIS land surface temperature with in situ observations

[1] MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperatures (LSTs) are compared to in situ observations during the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP). The purpose is to test the utility of global enhanced station data to provide additional information on the consistency of large volumes of remotely sensed data. While comparisons are limited by unresolved spatial and temporal representativeness, many of the comparisons are quite favorable, especially in mid-latitude regions. We note the extent of cloud contamination in the data product, and also some biases that may vary seasonally. Upscaling to 25km, as would be needed for global model comparisons or some mesoscale models, did not overly change the comparison results. The veracity of remotely sensed observations is important to identify and understand as these data begin to be applied to research questions.
A course in computer law

We describe a course for computer science students that covers the legal issues that apply to computing, from intellectual property protection to liability for system failures to computer crime.
Mitotic inhibition and aneuploidy induction by naturally occurring and synthetic estrogens in Chinese hamster cells in vitro.

Abstract We used a predominantly diploid Chinese hamster cell line to test a number of naturally occurring and synthetic estrogens for their ability to arrest cells at metaphase, their potential for allowing anaphase recovery, and their capability of inducing aneuploid progeny. The chemicals employed included diethyl-stilbestrol, dienestrol, hexestrol, β-estradiol, ethynylestradiol and estriol. We also tested progesterone, estrone and testosterone in this regard. Only estrogens and their synthetic analogs caused mitotic arrest and aneuploidy, while progesterone, estrone and testosterone did not cause mitotic disturbances. Among the estrogens, DES was the most effective arrestant on a comparative molar basis, whereas dienestrol was most potent over a wide range of concentrations. Estriol was the least potent as an arrestant but was an effective inducer of aneuploidy. The addition of a metabolic activator (S9) did not alter the ability of DES to arrest mitosis. Following the removal of the drugs, cells were able to quickly reorganize a spindle apparatus and enter anaphase. Diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol, hexestrol, β-estradiol, ethynylestradiol and estriol caused significant increase in aneuploidy within a narrow range of high concentrations in recovering cell populations. Aneuploidy was induced in a non-random manner. Immunofluorescence studies with anti-tubulin antibody indicate that estrogens may have a mechanism of mitotic arrest similar to that of colchicine and colcemid, viz inhibiting the polymerization of tubulin to form microtubules. These data suggest that the interaction between estrogens and microtubules may mediate the induction of aneuploidy in somatic cells. Aneuploidy induction by DES and similar compounds may be related to their carcinogenic potential.
Accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr from contaminated soil by three grass species inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi

Abstract The use of plants to accumulate low level radioactive waste from soil, followed by incineration of plant material to concentrate radionuclides may prove to be a viable and economical method of remediating contaminated areas. We tested the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on 137Cs and 90Sr uptake by bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), johnson grass (Sorghum halpense) and switchgrass (Panicum virginatum) for the effectiveness on three different contaminated soil types. Exposure to 137Cs or 90Sr over the course of the experiment did not affect above ground biomass of the three grasses. The above ground biomass of bahia, johnson and switchgrass plants accumulated from 26.3 to 71.7% of the total amount of the 137Cs and from 23.8 to 88.7% of the total amount of the 90Sr added to the soil after three harvests. In each of the three grass species tested, plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices had greater aboveground plant biomass, higher concentrations of 137Cs or 90Sr in plant tissue, % accumulation of 137Cs or 90Sr from soil and plant bioconcentration ratios at each harvest than those that did not receive mycorrhizal inoculation. Johnson grass had greater aboveground plant biomass, greater accumulation of 137Cs or 90Sr from soil and plant higher bioconcentration ratios with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than bahia grass and switchgrass. The greatest accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr was observed in johnson grass inoculated with G. mosseae. Grasses can grow in wide geographical ranges that include a broad variety of edaphic conditions. The highly efficient removal of these radionuclides by these grass species after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae supports the concept that remediation of radionuclide contaminated soils using mycorrhizal plants may present a viable strategy to remediate and reclaim sites contaminated with radionuclides. ©
School-based health centers and adolescent use of primary care and hospital care

Purpose: Little is known about the impact of school-based primary care on adolescents' use of hospital and emergency room care. Methods: Students (grades 6–12) in nine Baltimore schools with school-based health centers and four schools without health centers were surveyed in May 1991 using an anonymous classroom questionnaire. Self-reported use of primary care services and emergency rooms and hospitalization were examined over the academic year. Logistic regression was used to assess factors influencing use of health care including the presence of a school health center. Results: Students ( n = 3,258) in health center schools and comparison schools reported similar rates of chronic health conditions. Students from schools with health centers were more likely to report seeing a social worker or counselor and more likely to report the use of certain health services in the past 4 years. Self-reported emergency room use (38%) and hospitalization (19%) were common. Students in schools with health centers were less likely to report hospitalization ( OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66–0.98). Emergency room use was also lower but only for students attending the school with a health center for more than 1 year ( OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.62-0.99). Significant predictors of hospital care included reporting one or more chronic health condition, having health insurance, being of African-American race, of older age, and lower grade. Conclusions: Access to school-based, primary health care for adolescents was associated with increased use of primary care, reduced use of emergency rooms, and fewer hospitalizations. These findings have implications for both access to primary care and funding of school-based primary care.
The roles of TTP and BRF proteins in regulated mRNA decay

AU-rich element (ARE) motifs are cis-acting elements present in the 3′UTR of mRNA transcripts that encode many inflammation- and cancer-associated genes. The TIS11 family of RNA-binding proteins, composed of TTP, BRF-1, and BRF-2 play a critical role in regulating the expression of ARE-containing mRNAs. Through their ability to bind and target ARE-containing mRNAs for rapid degradation, this class of RNA-binding proteins serves a fundamental role in limiting the expression of a number of critical genes, thereby exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Regulation of TIS11 family members occurs on a number of levels through cellular signaling events to control their transcription, mRNA turnover, phosphorylation status, cellular localization, association with other proteins, and proteosomal degradation, all of which impact TIS11 members’ ability to promote ARE-mediated mRNA decay along with decay-independent functions. This review summarizes our current understanding of post-transcriptional regulation of ARE-containing gene expression by TIS11 family members and discuss their role in maintaining normal physiological processes and the pathological consequences in their absence.
Electrostriction in fluoride perovskites

Abstract The values of the hydrostatic electrostriction constant Qh = Q11 + 2Q12 have been obtained for the perovskite structure fluorides KCaF3, KMnF3, KMgF3, and KZnF3 by measuring the pressure dependence of the dielectric stiffness. The values range from 0.28 to 0.85 m4/C2 and are as expected from theory more than an order of magnitude larger than the Qh for the oxide perovskites. Non-linearity in the response appears too large to be explained by the elastic non-linearity and a sixth-order electrostriction is invoked to explain the observed behavior.
Structural and magnetic characterization of aerogel-produced Ge0.5Fe2.5Oy nanoparticles

Abstract Fine powders of Ge 0.5 Fe 2.5 O y with nearly uniform grain size were synthesized through the sol–gel supercritical drying technique, and were characterized by XRD, TEM, SQUID, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Each grain is comprised of a spinel-crystallite core of mean size 11.2 nm and a thin amorphous shell. Such a complex structure yields collinear ferrimagnetism in the core and canted ferrimagnetism with multiple configurations in the shell. At low temperatures, the low-field dependence of magnetization as it approaches saturation suggests the presence of a weak random anisotropy, and the high-field dependence suggests an increase in the magnetic moments of molecules. Both tetrahedral and octahedral sites are occupied by Ge 4+ and Fe, mainly trivalent, cations. The charge balance is presumably provided by cation and/or anion vacancies.
Correlations in coverage-dependent atomic adsorption energies on Pd(111)

The adsorption energy of an adsorbate can depend strongly on its coverage. We present density-functional calculations of the adsorption energy of C, N, and O on the fcc sites of Pd(111) at coverages from 0.2 to 1 ML. The adsorption energy generally increases (gets weaker) with coverage in a near linear fashion for the most stable configurations. We observed a practically constant $d$-band filling at all coverages and interpret the coverage dependence in terms of a simple $d$-band model where the $d$ band is broadened and lowered in energy by the interaction with the adsorbates. We find the Pd(111) $d$-band center is approximately linearly correlated with the coverage of each adsorbate. A consequence of this electronic structure-coverage correlation for each adsorbate is that the adsorption energies of each adsorbate configuration are strongly correlated with each other. All of the exceptions to these correlations can be traced to surface reconstruction or adsorbate configurations that are not geometrically similar to adsorption in the fcc hollow sites. Finally, we show that all the coverage-dependent adsorption energies can be collapsed into a single configurational correlation by scaling of the adsorption energies.
Consequences of Real Earnings Management on Subsequent Operating Performance

Using three criteria, we identify firms that may have engaged in real earnings management. We then investigate whether real earnings management activities lead to a significant decline in these firms’ subsequent operating performances. Our test results demonstrate that firms identified as conducting real earnings management activities do not experience a significant decline in subsequent operating performance. The finding enhances our understanding of the process through which management evaluates the costs and benefits of real earnings management and helps address concerns about costs of the increase in real earnings management activities that arose due to the heightened accounting regulation implemented by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Information and innovation: a comprehensive representation

Abstract Many approaches in the literature on Management of Technological Innovation disregard explicit treatment of the sources and uses of information during the innovation process. Rather, one-dimensional progressions of events are traced from invention through to final innovation outcome, with selected events cited as having been critical. Even when careful attempts have been made to expand such theories to treat Supply factors and Demand factors independently and explicitly, wide variance from actual innovation outcomes has often resulted. Particularly, successful entrepreneurial start-up firms have appeared to follow different rules than those of major corporations. Earlier theories appear incomplete to describe prospects, predict outcomes, or guide management of technological innovation over the full range of effective approaches. By making Information an explicit dimension added to the familiar Supply-Demand pair, one obtains a three-dimensional frame of reference in which widely differing innovation circumstances may be explicitly represented, since sources of information for resolving uncertainty do differ widely from sources for avoiding negligence. This frame of reference is applied to explain the divergent nature of Apple and Boeing innovation histories, as illustration.
A TATA binding protein-associated factor functions as a coactivator for thyroid hormone receptors.

Transcriptional regulation by thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) requires the TR to interact with various proteins. The TATA binding protein-associated factors (TAFs) are cofactors for several transcription factors and, therefore, are candidate cofactors for the TR. To determine whether one or more of the TAFs are cofactors for TRs, direct protein interactions between human TR beta and several Drosophila TAFs were quantitated in vitro. The human (h) TR beta bound specifically to dTAFII110 and weakly to dTAFII60, but did not bind to dTAFII30 alpha, dTAFII30 beta, dTAFII40, dTAFII80, or dTAFII150. The dTAFII110:hTR beta interaction required the carboxyl-terminals of both proteins. The dTAFII110 also interacted with the hTR alpha 1 carboxyl-terminus in a yeast two-hybrid system. Thyroid hormone destabilized the dTAFII110:TR interaction in vitro, but had no effect on the interaction in the two-hybrid system. The dTAFII110 did not bind to human retinoid X receptor alpha in vitro, indicating that this TAF interact...