cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Strength of Thin Films of Metals

The tensile strength of silver films are determined as a function of their thickness. The films are electro-deposited on the complete cylindrical surfaces of small steel rotors and the rotor speeds necessary to throw them off are determined. Both the tensile strength and the adhesion of the films are obtained by using rotors of different radii. Also, the adhesion is measured by electrodepositing the films on the rotor in circumferentially disconnected patches which eliminate the hoop stresses. In most of the measurements, the adhesion is made vanishingly small by dipping the rotors in an albumin solution before electrodepositing the film and by thermal cycling. The tensile strengths of the films thicker than about 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ cm are found to be independent of thickness and approximately equal to that of bulk silver at the corresponding temperature. For thickness from 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ cm to 2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ cm the data show some scatter, but below 2.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ cm the tensile strength increases many-fold. The region where the tensile strength increases very rapidly is slightly dependent upon the electrodeposition current but within experimental error is independent of film temperature.
Design recommendations for equal leg single angle flexural members

Abstract Current design specifications do not address issues of compactness and bracing requirements for use in the plastic analysis and design of single angle flexural members. The research described herein employs experimentally verified nonlinear finite element analysis techniques, implemented on super-computer hardware platforms, for the development of equal leg single angle compactness and bracing requirements. Four common flexural orientations are investigated. Geometric and material nonlinearities are considered in the models, as are the effects of residual stresses.
Construction and analysis of a human hepatotoxicity database suitable for QSAR modeling using post-market safety data.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the most common drug-induced adverse events (AEs) leading to life-threatening conditions such as acute liver failure. It has also been recognized as the single most common cause of safety-related post-market withdrawals or warnings. Efforts to develop new predictive methods to assess the likelihood of a drug being a hepatotoxicant have been challenging due to the complexity and idiosyncrasy of clinical manifestations of DILI. The FDA adverse event reporting system (AERS) contains post-market data that depict the morbidity of AEs. Here, we developed a scalable approach to construct a hepatotoxicity database using post-market data for the purpose of quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. A set of 2029 unique and modelable drug entities with 13,555 drug-AE combinations was extracted from the AERS database using 37 hepatotoxicity-related query preferred terms (PTs). In order to determine the optimal classification scheme to partition positive from negative drugs, a manually-curated DILI calibration set composed of 105 negatives and 177 positives was developed based on the published literature. The final classification scheme combines hepatotoxicity-related PT data with supporting information that optimize the predictive performance across the calibration set. Data for other toxicological endpoints related to liver injury such as liver enzyme abnormalities, cholestasis, and bile duct disorders, were also extracted and classified. Collectively, these datasets can be used to generate a battery of QSAR models that assess a drug's potential to cause DILI.
Isotope and mode selectivity in two-dimensional vibrational four wave mixing spectroscopy

Abstract Two-dimensional doubly vibrationally enhanced four wave mixing (2D-DOVE-FWM) spectra have been recorded for a mixture of CH3CN, CD3CN, and C6D6. Cross-peaks in these spectra indicate coupling between molecular vibrations that involve common vibrational modes. Modes are coupled by through-bond interactions and therefore the strongest cross-peaks are observed for vibrations on the same molecule. This coupling produces the vibrational anharmonicities that are required for multi-resonant four wave mixing. The absence of cross-peaks for different molecules demonstrates the isotope selectivity possible with doubly vibrationally enhanced (DOVE) spectroscopy. Model spectra were generated that account for the resonant spectral features observed.
Iranians in Texas: Migration, Politics, and Ethnic Identity

Iranians in Texas by Mohsen Mobasher is an informative case study of Iranians in Texas, a U.S. state with one of the largest Iranian American communities. The author makes a significant contributio...
Evidence that MIG-6 is a tumor-suppressor gene

Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG-6) is located in human chromosome 1p36, a locus frequently associated with human lung cancer. MIG-6 is a negative regulator of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, and we show that Mig-6 – like EGF – is induced by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) in human lung cancer cell lines. Frequently, the receptors for both factors, EGFR and Met, are expressed in same lung cancer cell line, and MIG-6 is induced by both factors in a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent fashion. However, not all tumor lines express MIG-6 in response to either EGF or HGF/SF. In these cases, we find missense and nonsense mutations in the MIG-6 coding region, as well as evidence for MIG-6 transcriptional silencing. Moreover, germline disruption of Mig-6 in mice leads to the development of animals with epithelial hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma in organs like the lung, gallbladder, and bile duct. These data suggests that MIG-6 is a tumor-suppressor gene and is therefore a candidate gene for the frequent 1p36 genetic alterations found in lung cancer.
Using dynamic cellular manufacturing to simplify scheduling in cell based production systems

Abstract Previous research has shown that the formation of temporary, logical manufacturing cells in a job shop, overcomes problems of high setup frequency typically found in job shops. In addition, this form of cellular configuration is more flexible than tranditional, group technology based cellular configurations. This research demonstrates that an added benefit of a dynamic cellular configuration is that it simplifies production scheduling, eliminating the need for more complex dispatching rules. In particular, it eliminates the need for further setup reduction when scheduling parts from the same family. Improvements in performance when employing setup reduction are shown to occur only when the premium associated with intra-family setup reduction is very high, and are attributable to reductions in flow time variance.
A structural constitutive model for the strain rate-dependent behavior of anterior cruciate ligaments

Abstract A structural continuum constitutive law is formulated to illustrate the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) mechanical behavior. The constitutive law is obtained by modifying previously proposed structural models for soft tissues to include the description of strain rate-dependent effects. The ligamentous tissue anisotropy, non-linearity, incompressibility, and strain rate related properties are taken into account. The collagen fibers, which comprise the ACL, are assumed to be the only load-bearing component of the tissue. They are oriented in different directions, undulated in the stress-free configuration and they gradually become taut upon loading. Moreover, the taut collagen fibers are characterized by a Kelvin–Voigt-type viscoelastic behavior. The fiber spatial orientation and gradual recruitment are represented statistically by probability density functions. Published experimental stress–strain data of the ACL-bone complex are used to assess the constitutive model. The model is tested by assuming that the ACL has a perfectly parallel collagen structure and undergoes an isochoric, axisymmetric deformation. Furthermore, the fiber recruitment is defined by a one-sided probability density function. The structural parameters are able to fit the stress–strain curves at different strain rates.
A preliminary study of electrophoretic variation of enzymes in the tunicates Clavelina picta and Clavelina oblonga

Abstract 1. 1. The tunicates Clavelina picta and Clavelina oblonga were screened for electromorphic variants of acid and alkaline phosphatases, esterases, tetrazolium oxidase and malate dehydrogenase using standard starch gel electrophoretic techniques. 2. 2. Esterases, tetrazolium oxidase and malate dehydrogenase provided the most distinct bands in the buffer systems employed and zymogram patterns for all of the enzymes were distinctly species specific. Presumptive allelic variants for one esterase isozyme and for malate dehydrogenase were found in C. oblonga, whereas no variants for any of the enzymes were observed in C. picta. 3. 3. It was concluded that this technique can be applied effectively to selected tunicate species. As hermaphroditic, sessile higher animals potentially capable of self- and cross-fertilization as well as budding, these organisms should provide unique material for population genetics studies concerning the effects and value of inbreeding in animals.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors: Labeling the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binding site with photoaffinity ligands

We have photolabeled the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor and probed the IP3 ligand binding site using two novel photoaffinity ligands, [125I] (azidosalicyl)aminopropyl-IP3 ([125I]ASA-IP3) and [3H] (benzoyldihydrocinnamyl)aminopropyl-IP3 ([3H]BZDC-IP3). Both ligands have high affinity for the IP3 receptor and, when photoactivated, label the IP3 receptor protein with appropriate inositol phosphate selectivity. The high specific activity of [125I]ASA-IP3 allowed identification of a single photolabeling site within the IP3R by two-dimensional peptide analysis. Substantially higher levels of incorporation into the receptor are achieved with [3H]BZDC-IP3 (50-60% efficiency) than with [125I]ASA-IP3 (3%), facilitating the use of [3H]BZDC-IP3 as a better ligand for the high-efficiency labeling and purification of IP3R-labeled peptides. Peptides were generated from photolabeled IP3 receptor by trypsin digestion and purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A single purified [3H]BZDC-IP3-labeled peptide, corresponding to IP3R amino acids 476-501, was sequenced and shown to match specific sequences in the N-terminal 20% of the IP3 receptor, an area suggested on the basis of mutagenesis studies to contain the IP3 recognition site.
Graphite/epoxy honeycomb core sandwich permeability under mechanical loads

The air permeability of two honeycomb core sandwich materials as a function of applied shear stress was characterized. The honeycomb core sandwich specimens were provided to Analytical Services and Materials, Inc. by The Boeing Company for evaluation. The core material for the test specimens was either Hexcel HRP-3/16-8.0 or DuPont Korex-1/8-4.5 and was nominally 1.27 cm (0.5 in.) thick. The facesheets where made of Hercules' AS4/8552 graphite/epoxy (Gr/Ep) composites and were nominally 0.15 cm (0.059 in.) thick. The permeability of the sandwich specimens during both static (tension) and dynamic (reversed and non-reversed) shear loads were measured. The permeability was measured as the rate of air flow through the core from a 2.54-diameter circular area of the core exposed to an air pressure of 68.9 kPa (10.0 psig). In both the static and dynamic testing, the Korex core experienced sudden increases in core permeability corresponding to a core catastrophic failure, while the HRP core generally experienced a gradual increase in the permeability prior to a bond line failure. The Korex core specimens failed at lower loads than the HRP core specimens both in the transverse and ribbon directions.
THERMAL INACTIVATION, HEAT INJURY, AND RECOVERY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

Abstract The heat resistance of Staphylococcus aureus MF31 in various heating media was completely described by determining the D and z values. Only about 1% of the total surviving heat-treated cells, as determined by plating on Trypticase Soy Agar, were capable of growing on Trypticase Soy Agar containing 7.5% (w/v) NaCl. These heat-injured salt-sensitive cells were shown to recover their salt tolerance without growth in the presence of 5% glucose or galactose. Recovery could not be demonstrated with other carbohydrates or metabolites. Growth inhibiting levels of penicillin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol, and adding EDTA at concentrations calculated to bind the divalent cations in the recovery medium, failed to inhibit recovery of the salt sensitive cells. Hence, cell growth, cell wall synthesis, protein synthesis, or divalent cation dependent enzyme systems did not appear to be involved in the recovery phenomenon.
Microtubule distribution in cultured cells and intact tissues: improved immunolabeling resolution through the use of reversible embedment cytochemistry

Abstract To investigate the detailed distributions of microtubules in cultured cells and intact tissues we developed a reversible embedment method for antibody labeling of sectioned material. Fixed tissues were infiltrated with fully polymerized polymethylmethacrylate dissolved in an organic solvent. Evaporation of the solvent left the tissue embedded in hard plastic. After sectioning by conventional methods, the plastic was extracted and sections were processed for indirect immunofluorescence to label microtubules. Clear images of microtubules were observed in sections of cultured epithelial cells, intact chick intestinal epithelium, and dividing sea urchin eggs. Microtubules in the differentiated epithelium of the chick intestine generally paralleled the long axis of the cells and did not focus on a microtubule-organizing center. Mitotic cells of the intestinal epithelium appeared similar to the mitotic cells of epithelial lines in culture. In sections of dividing sea urchin eggs detailed images of spindle and astral fibers were revealed. Immunoelectron microscopic labeling for tubulin was performed on sections of Pt K1 cells using secondary antibodies adsorbed to 20-nm gold particles. Semi-thick sections viewed by high-voltage electron microscopy showed both the overall distribution of microtubules and their detailed interactions with other cellular organelles. Mitochondria were often aligned along labeled microtubules. Reversible embedment cytochemistry should provide a general method for high resolution labeling of cells and tissues with affinity probes.
High-mobility ions in the viscous hydrocarbon squalane

Pulsed radiolysis, laser flash photolysis, and dc photoconductivity were used to measure the rates of ion−molecule reactions in the viscous hydrocarbon squalane (2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyltetracosane). It was found that squalane radical cation (hole) is scavenged with a rate constant ∼(5−7) × 109 mol-1 dm3 s-1, which is 4−10 times faster than other charge transfer reactions in squalane. In this sense, squalane is similar to cyclohexane, methycyclohexane, and decalins, yielding high-mobility ions (HMIs) on radiolysis. While in squalane the hole is more mobile than molecular ions, its mobility (estimated as 2 × 10-4 cm2/(V s)) is much lower than that of the HMIs in cycloalkanes. The lifetime of the squalane hole in the absence of scavengers is 20 ± 5 ns.
Natural forms of vitamin E: metabolism, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities and their role in disease prevention and therapy

The vitamin E family consists of four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. α-Tocopherol (αT) is the predominant form of vitamin E in tissues and its deficiency leads to ataxia in humans. However, results from many clinical studies do not support a protective role of αT in disease prevention in people with adequate nutrient status. On the other hand, recent mechanistic studies indicate that other forms of vitamin E, such as γ-tocopherol (γT), δ-tocopherol, and γ-tocotrienol, have unique antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are superior to those of αT in prevention and therapy against chronic diseases. These vitamin E forms scavenge reactive nitrogen species, inhibit cyclooxygenase- and 5-lipoxygenase-catalyzed eicosanoids, and suppress proinflammatory signaling such as NF-κB and STAT3/6. Unlike αT, other vitamin E forms are significantly metabolized to carboxychromanols via cytochrome P450-initiated side-chain ω-oxidation. Long-chain carboxychromanols, especially 13'-carboxychromanols, are shown to have stronger anti-inflammatory effects than unmetabolized vitamins and may therefore contribute to the beneficial effects of vitamin E forms in vivo. Consistent with mechanistic findings, animal and human studies show that γT and tocotrienols may be useful against inflammation-associated diseases. This review focuses on non-αT forms of vitamin E with respect to their metabolism, anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms, and in vivo efficacy in preclinical models as well as human clinical intervention studies.
An Experimental Study of Search in Global Social Networks

We report on a global social-search experiment in which more than 60,000 e-mail users attempted to reach one of 18 target persons in 13 countries by forwarding messages to acquaintances. We find that successful social search is conducted primarily through intermediate to weak strength ties, does not require highly connected “hubs” to succeed, and, in contrast to unsuccessful social search, disproportionately relies on professional relationships. By accounting for the attrition of message chains, we estimate that social searches can reach their targets in a median of five to seven steps, depending on the separation of source and target, although small variations in chain lengths and participation rates generate large differences in target reachability. We conclude that although global social networks are, in principle, searchable, actual success depends sensitively on individual incentives.
Biofilm: Its Relevance In Kidney Disease

Biofilm/bioslime is a complex, dynamically interactive multicellular community protected within a heterogeneous exopolysaccharide matrix. Its formation results in the genesis or perpetuation of infection, enhancement of inflammation, and tissue damage or death. Industrial financial losses result from biofilm/bioslime formation; however, the consequences in the medical realm are equally devastating. The relation of biofilm to patients with chronic kidney disease is often covert and extends beyond the colonization of hemodialysis circuits and vascular accesses. Urinary tract device– and vascular access–related biofilms may also increase the burden of cardiovascular risk borne by chronic kidney disease patients, synergizing with the chronic inflammatory state already incurred by these individuals. Current anti-infective strategies are aimed at rapidly killing planktonic forms of microorganisms without specifically targeting the sessile forms that perpetuate their planktonic brethren. Future treatments of infections must ultimately target these reservoirs of infection aiming for their complete eradication. Presently, included among these novel weapons of microdestruction are molecular blockading techniques, electrical enhancement of anti-infectives, and bacterial interference. Nonetheless, the best approach against biofilm formation remains the prevention of microbial colonization, which can be largely by sterile handling of patient-related devices, the most well-established biofilm reservoirs.
Brightness, coherence and propagation characteristics of synchrotron radiation

Abstract A formalism is presented by means of which the propagation and imaging characteristics of synchrotron radiation can be studied, taking into account the effects of diffraction, electron beam emittance, and the transverse and longitudinal extent of the source. An important quantity in this approach is the Wigner distribution of the electric fields, which can be interpreted as a phase-space distribution of photon flux, and thus can be identified with the brightness. When integrated over the angular variables, the brightness becomes the intensity distribution in the spatial variables and when integrated over the spatial variables, it becomes the intensity distribution in angular variables. The brightness so defined transforms through a general optical medium in exactly the same way as in the case of a collection of geometric rays. Finally, the brightness of different electrons adds in a simple way. Optical characteristics of various synchrotron radiation sources — bending magnets, wigglers and undulators — are analyzed using this formalism.
Maximizing extraction of botulinum toxin type A from vials

Abstract Dykstra DD, Wieting JM, McGuire J, Kowalkowski T. Maximizing extraction of botulinum toxin type A from vials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:1638-40. Objectives: To determine the residual botulinum toxin remaining in vials after using 3 different extraction methods and to analyze the different techniques for measuring extraction efficacy. Design: Multicentered comparative study. Setting: Three academic movement disorder clinics. Participants: Thirty physicians were randomly surveyed for their botulinum toxin extraction methods. Three physicians evaluated the most common methods. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure: Amount of toxin left in vials after each extraction method. Results: Toxin was least successfully extracted by using the vial inversion method. More toxin was extracted by using the 2-in needle method. The top removal method produced the least waste of toxin but is considered unsafe. Conclusions: The best and safest method for consistently extracting the most botulinum toxin from its vial was to use a long 21-gauge 2-in needle attached to a 3-mL syringe. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Positron annihilation in irradiated teflon

Abstract Positron annihilation measurements in teflon irradiated in air and vacuum show that the intermediate lifetime (τ2) component is not due to a pick-off process. The primary effect to radiation is a reduction in the intensity of the τ3 component.
Patient-physician social concordance, medical visit communication and patients' perceptions of health care quality.

Abstract Social characteristics (e.g. race, gender, age, education) are associated with health care disparities. We introduce social concordance , a composite measure of shared social characteristics between patients and physicians. Objective To determine whether social concordance predicts differences in medical visit communication and patients' perceptions of care. Methods Regression analyses were used to determine the association of patient–provider social concordance with medical visit communication and patients' perceptions of care using data from two observational studies involving 64 primary care physicians and 489 of their patients from the Baltimore, MD/Washington, DC/Northern Virginia area. Results Lower patient–physician social concordance was associated with less positive patient perceptions of care and lower positive patient affect. Patient–physician dyads with low vs. high social concordance reported lower ratings of global satisfaction with office visits (OR=0.64 vs. OR=1.37, p =0.036) and were less likely to recommend their physician to a friend (OR=0.61 vs. OR=1.37, p =0.035). A graded-response was observed for social concordance with patient positive affect and patient perceptions of care. Conclusion Patient–physician concordance across multiple social characteristics may have cumulative effects on patient–physician communication and perceptions of care. Practice implications Research should move beyond one-dimensional measures of patient–physician concordance to understand how multiple social characteristics influence health care quality.
Polymer chain dynamics in Newtonian and viscoelastic turbulent channel flows

Polymer chain dynamics in Newtonian and viscoelastic turbulent channel flows are examined by Brownian dynamics simulations utilizing FENE and FENE–P [finitely extensible nonlinear elastic(–Peterlin)] dumbbell models. The chain extension is predicted by using an algorithm that combines the two-step semi-implicit predictor–corrector scheme for the evaluation of dumbbell trajectories with the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow field. The influence of maximum extensibility of the polymer chain, b, the friction Reynolds number, Reτ, and friction Weissenberg number, Weτ, on the chain dynamics in the viscous sublayer, buffer layer, and turbulent core is examined. For a given value of b, the average chain extension, 〈|Q|〉, approaches an asymptotic value with increasing Weτ. For given values of Weτ and the friction Reynolds number, Reτ, 〈|Q|〉/b decreases although 〈|Q|〉 itself increases with increasing b. Significant qualitative and quantitative differences exist between the predictions obtained using th...
An examination of Peter Drucker's work from an institutional perspective: How institutional innovation creates value leadership

This paper uses an institutional perspective to analyze Peter Drucker's contributions to management, marketing and marketing strategy. Drucker recognizes the importance of institutions in society. Further, his work reflects a variety of institutional views from sociology, economics and marketing. Drucker uses a form of comparative institutional analysis for evaluating both management and strategy issues. At the heart of each institutional comparison is the customer and the value created for the customer by the organization. Institutional comparisons help managers understand how the organization can create customers by adjusting its customer value proposition. Drucker influences marketers by focusing on how the organization's values are used to develop the organization's customer value proposition. Further, it is shown that the organization's values and its customer value propositions are manifested in its transaction rules, termed marketing institutions. Based on Drucker's work, a framework for comparing marketing institutions is introduced: the value leadership framework.
Instability of baroclinic Rossby waves; energetics in a two-layer ocean

Abstract The instability of a baroclinic Rossby wave in a two-layer, inviscid ocean is investigated theoretically and the results are applied to the ocean. The velocity field of the basic state (the wave) is characterized by significant horizontal and vertical shears, non-zonal currents, and unsteadiness due to its westward propagation. Truncated Fourier series are used in the perturbation analyses. Growing perturbations draw their energy from the available kinetic or potential energy of the basic wave depending upon whether the horizontal scale of the wave, L , is smaller or larger than the radius of deformation, L ρ . When the horizontal and vertical shears of the wave are comparable dynamically, L ∼ L ρ , the ratio of energy transfers from the available kinetic and potential energy is very sensitive to the ratios L / L ρ and U / C , where U is a typical current and C a typical phase speed of the wave. For L = L ρ the transfers are augmenting if U C , yet they detract from each other if U C . The beta effect makes instability characteristics of meridional currents distinctly different from those of zonal currents. Although it tends to reduce the growth rate, perturbations dominated by a zonal current can grow regardless of the beta effect. The growth rate of the most unstable perturbation increases monotonically with L for the mixed instability ( L ∼ L ρ ). The scale of the fastest growing perturbation is significantly larger than L for barotropically controlled flows ( L L ρ ), reduces to L for the mixed instability, and is slightly larger than L ρ for baroclinically controlled flows ( L > L ρ ). In a geophysical field, like the ocean, this model indicates the possibility of energy transfer to motion on the scale of the radius of deformation (40-km rational scale, or 250-km wavelength) from both smaller and larger scales. It is also suggested that away from intense currents like the Gulf Stream eddy-eddy interactions are move vigorous than are eddy-mean interactions.
Measurements and analysis (using empirical functions for widths) of air- and self-broadening parameters of H2O

Abstract High-resolution spectra of H 2 O were recorded with the McMath Fourier-transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory located at Kitt Peak, AZ. Seventeen laboratory spectra of water plus air mixtures were recorded at a spectral resolution of 0.01 cm - 1 covering the region between 2800 and 8000 cm - 1 . Over 4000 linewidth and pressure-induced frequency shift coefficients were derived from the spectral data with sample temperatures near or at room temperature (296 K). The measurements include transitions of H2 16O, H2 17O, and H2 18O with the rare oxygen species observed in normal H 2 O gas samples. The measurements were analyzed with consideration of collision-narrowing effects. The analysis required a knowledge of the self-broadened linewidth coefficients, and the data measured and reported in the previous study were used along with earlier results for this purpose. The self-broadened and air-broadened measured linewidth coefficients obtained here as well as those reported in earlier studies covering the 600–2400 cm - 1 , were fitted to an empirical expression which contains up to 28 terms. Two fitting procedures were used: one considered the fit of families of transitions and the other was more global in scope. The computed linewidth coefficients derived from the fitted parameters are compared statistically to measurements in this work as well as other studies.
Photodynamic therapy and intravitreal triamcinolone for extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

We report a case of extrafoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with photodynamics therapy (PDT) and intravitreal triamcinolone. Nine months following PDT and intravitreal triamcinolone, no ophthalmoscopic or angiographic evidence of recurrent CNV in the left eye was found. The intraocular pressure (IOP) increased from 10 mmHg on presentation to 20 mmHg at 9 months. No IOP-lowering agents were required. The mild nuclear sclerosis remained unchanged.
A prospective study of salivary gland function in lymphoma patients receiving head and neck irradiation.

Purpose To determine the radiation dose–response relationship on salivary dysfunction and quality of life (QOL) over time in patients with lymphoma receiving radiation therapy (RT) to the head and neck (HN a mean dose of > 11 Gy to the minor salivary glands was significantly associated with persistent sticky saliva (100% vs. 25%, p = 0.04), although the difference was no longer significant at 1 year. Conclusions Limiting the mean parotid dose to ≤ 31 Gy and mean minor salivary gland dose to ≤ 11 Gy in lymphoma patients treated to the H&N may help reduce the risk of subacute xerostomia.
Sampling and information acquisition by western scrub-jays, Aphelocoma californica

Animals often make choices based on cues that provide uncertain information about the value of alternative options. To examine how this uncertainty affects sampling behaviour, western scrub-jays were studied in the field during selection of single food items to scatter-hoard. Nine habituated birds were videotaped at feeders during repeated presentations of pairs of unshelled peanuts that varied in size. Jays initially scanned the peanuts before picking one up and in 38% of trials handled both, often switching repeatedly between them before making a choice. The jays preferred heavier nuts, which contained a larger food reward, but made errors particularly when mass differences were small. In addition, when choosing which nut to pick up first the birds discriminated mass relatively less accurately when the peanuts were larger. When mass differences were small the birds were more likely to handle both nuts before choosing. Handling both nuts raised the probability of selecting the heavier one by 20%, but did not increase the rate of food acquisition above that obtainable by scanning because it also increased time spent choosing. These results confirm recent suggestions that animals facing difficult discriminations may increase the accuracy of choice by sampling additional cues.
Feminism, Psychology and Matters of the Body

Psychology's renewed interest in the body, even within feminist theory, has brought with it several philosophical and theoretical challenges. These challenges stem mainly from questions about how to celebrate a return to the body when conceptions of the meaning of `woman' have been tied historically to women's bodies. That is, for feminists, any return to the body requires a two-fold examination. It requires first an inquiry into the part of reigning epistemological assumptions in psychology's fastening of women's bodies to women's psyches, and its construction of women's psychological problems as rooted in their bodies. And, second, it necessitates attention to those ways in which women's bodies have confronted age-old mind-body splits. Only by this twinned appreciation of the body both as the site of oppression and as the possibility for emancipation can feminists move beyond repeating yet another variation of woman as body.
LRFD Approach for FRP Channel Section Columns

Pultruded fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) channel section columns can develop flexural, torsional, and flexural—torsional buckling modes when subjected to a gradually increasing axial load. In this study, the results of a theoretical and experimental investigation on a FRP channel section column are first presented. Buckling and squash load formulas for the problem are summarized and used for plotting column maximum load envelope. It is also found that the load-carrying capacity of channel section columns can be dramatically increased by `equalizing' the cross-sectional depth and width. Finally, based on the column formulas, a load and resistance factor design (LRFD) approach is outlined and its use demonstrated through practical analysis and design examples.
Phosphopeptide Binding Specificities of BRCA1 COOH-terminal (BRCT) Domains

Protein phosphorylation by protein kinases may generate docking sites for other proteins. It thus allows the assembly of signaling complexes in response to kinase activation. Several protein domains that bind phosphoserine or phosphothreonine residues have been identified, including the 14-3-3, PIN1, FHA, KIX, WD-40 domain, and polo box (Yaffe, M. B., and Elia, A. E. (2001) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 13, 131-138; Elia, A. E., Cantley, L. C., and Yaffe, M. B. (2003) Science 299, 1228-1231). The BRCA1 COOH-terminal (BRCT) domains are protein modules found in many proteins that regulate DNA damage responses (Koonin, E. V., Altschul, S. F., and Bork, P. (1996) Nat. Genet. 13, 266-268). Whether BRCT domains can mediate phosphorylation-dependent interactions has not been systematically investigated. We report here that the BRCT domains also recognize phosphopeptides. Oriented peptide library analysis indicated that the BRCT domains from BRCA1, MDC1, BARD1, and DNA Ligase IV preferred distinct phosphoserine-containing peptides. In addition, the interaction between BRCA1 and the BRCT binding motif of BACH1 was required for BACH1 checkpoint activity. Furthermore, BRCT domains of the yeast DNA repair protein Rad9 could bind phosphopeptides, suggesting that the BRCT domains represent a class of ancient phosphopeptide-binding modules. Potential targets of BRCT domains were identified through data base search. Structural analysis of BRCA1 BRCT repeats also predicted conserved residues that may form the phosphopeptide-binding pocket. Thus, the BRCT repeats are a new family of phosphopeptide-binding domains in DNA damage responses.
LexPar: A Freely Available English Paraphrase Lexicon Automatically Extracted from FrameNet

This is a paper about a new resource, namely an English paraphrase dictionary extracted from the FrameNet lexicon and its example data base.
Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle in Chick Embryos Treated with Botulinum Toxin

Botulinum toxin was given in large intravenous doses to 7- and 12- day chick embryos. Atrophy of skeletal muscle resulted without significant atrophy of other organs. The histological appearance of muscle was consistent with denervation. The results suggest that neural acetylcholine release may play a significant role in "trophic transmission" from nerve to muscle.
Bortezomib subcutaneous injection in combination regimens for myeloma or systemic light-chain amyloidosis: a retrospective chart review of response rates and toxicity in newly diagnosed patients.

Abstract Background Bortezomib is a first-in-class proteasome inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of all phases of multiple myeloma (MM) and light-chain amyloidosis (AL). The subcutaneous formulation of bortezomib was approved in 2012 based on data from Phase III studies in patients with relapsed MM. Objective This article reports experience with subcutaneous bortezomib in patients with newly diagnosed MM or AL in a tertiary care center. Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from all patients newly diagnosed with MM or AL and treated at our center between April 1, 2011, when the hospital pharmacy approved and implemented the option of subcutaneous bortezomib, and April 1, 2013. Patients who received subcutaneous bortezomib as a part of the first line of therapy were identified through the pharmacy’s database. Data were abstracted from electronic medical records, and data on demographic characteristics, disease profiles, toxicities, responses, and survival were collected. Results Data from 29 patients (MM, 16; AL, 13; 62% male; median age, 66 years [range, 46–84]) were analyzed. Ninety percent of patients received cyclophosphamide, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (CyBorD) as the first line of treatment. None of the patients developed grade 3/4 peripheral neuropathy, whereas 1 patient experienced grade 3 diarrhea, and 2 patients developed grade 3 thrombocytopenia requiring dose reductions. The overall response rate was 93%, with 59% of patients achieving very good partial response or complete response. Conclusions With the use of subcutaneous bortezomib in combination regimens in patients with newly diagnosed MM or AL, there was a high overall response rate and minimal toxicity. These results are consistent with the findings from prior studies and provide a basis for further studies comparing new proteasome inhibitors to subcutaneous bortezomib in combination regimens for patients with newly diagnosed MM or AL.
Cockles in custody: the role of common property arrangements in the ecological sustainability of mangrove Fisheries on the Ecuadorian Coast

Scholars of common property resource theory (CPR) have long asserted that certain kinds of institutional arrangements based on collective action result in successful environmental stewardship, but feedback and the direct link between social and ecological systems remains poorly understood. This paper investigates how common property institutional arrangements contribute to sustainable mangrove fisheries in coastal Ecuador, focusing on the fishery for the mangrove cockle ( Anadara tuberculosa and A. similis ), a bivalve mollusk harvested from the roots of mangrove trees and of particular social, economic, and cultural importance for the communities that depend on it. Specifically, this study examines the emergence of new civil society institutions within the historical context of extensive mangrove deforestation for the expansion of shrimp farming, policy changes in the late 1990s that recognized “ancestral” rights of local communities to mangrove resources, and how custodias, community-managed mangrove concessions, affect the cockle fishery. Findings from interviews with shell collectors and analysis of catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) indicate that mangrove concessions as common property regimes promote community empowerment, local autonomy over resources, mangrove conservation and recovery, higher cockle catch shares, and larger shell sizes, but the benefits are not evenly distributed. Associations without custodias and independent cockle collectors feel further marginalized by the loss of gathering grounds, potentially deflecting problems of overexploitation to “open-access” areas, in which mangrove fisheries are weakly managed by the State. Using Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, the explicit link between social and ecological systems is studied at different levels, examining the relationship between collective action and the environment through quantitative approaches at the fishery level and qualitative analysis at the level of the mangrove landscape. Implications for coastal and fishery management are discussed in the conclusions.
Low-contact-angle polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) membranes for fabricating micro-bioarrays

In efforts to design improved biological microarrays, we use a polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) membrane as a template that allows biological solutions of interest to interact with the surface only at discrete locations (the array sites). In current techniques, in which solutions are "spotted" on an unpatterned surface, cross-contamination and limited feature size (>50/spl mu/m) cause limitations in the information density available on the microarray. Because of these issues and the need for mechanical loading in non-DNA applications (enzymes, other proteins, cells, polysaccharides, catalysts), in which other methods are not appropriate, microarrays with superior information density on a variety of substrates are desirable. PDMS membranes provide the means for doing so. The membrane can be applied to any surface without a chemical patterning methodology. When a surface with a patterned membrane affixed to it is exposed to an aqueous solution, the biological species in the solution attach only to the specific regions of the surface defined by the holes in the membrane. However, the high hydrophobicity of PDMS membranes becomes an obstacle when loading aqueous solutions into very small openings. The fluid is rejected even though the array elements are hydrophilic. Exposure of the PDMS membrane to an oxygen plasma, a common practice, provides only a temporary reduction in contact angle. To produce a permanent change, we have used a novel RF-plasma process, in which O/sub 2/-plasma-treated PDMS surfaces are exposed to a second plasma, which generates functionalities on the PDMS surfaces that are converted in the presence of moisture into low-mobility, large, -Si(OH)/sub x/ groups. This process stabilizes the PDMS surface and produces a permanent reduction in contact angle. Tuneability in the con tact angle is possible by varying the process. We present XPS, FTIR, contact angle, and surface roughness measurements to support these conclusions. The process we describe for permanent modification of the wettability of PDMS can easily be extended to other applications of PDMS and to other polymeric substrates.
The Popular Culture Economy

La culture populaire est fondee plus sur l'economie de marche et la consommation de masse que sur l'esthetique. C'est la culture qui est la plus populaire dans le sens economique. En ce sens, on peut dresser un tableau de la relation entre l'industrie du divertissement et les consommateurs de culture populaire. A partir des statistiques publiees par le Statistical Abstract of the United States de 1997, l'A. propose quelques indications chiffrees sur cette relation, notamment sur les investissements publicitaires dans l'industrie de la communication (television, radio, presse), sur les relations entre culture populaire et industrie du disque, du cinema et du multimedia dans la deuxieme moitie du 20 eme siecle, ou sur les depenses dans les services du loisir.
Comparison of the premier toxin A and B assay and the TOX A/B II assay for diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection.

Clostridium difficile causes nosocomial diarrhea and is responsible for complications such as pseudomembranous colitis, megacolon, and perforation. Using 442 stool specimens, we compared the sensitivities and specificities of the Premier toxin A and B (Meridian Bioscience, Inc.) and C. difficile TOX A/B II (TechLab, Inc., Blacksburg, VA) immunoassays in the Virology Department of the Kaiser Permanente Regional Reference Laboratories. The Premier toxin A and B assay demonstrated a higher sensitivity (97.44%) and a higher positive predictive value (79.17%) than the C. difficile TOX A/B II assay (87.18% and 75.56%, respectively), while assay specificities and negative predictive values were similar. We also performed experiments using serially diluted, purified toxin A and B antigens to understand the basis for assay differences. The two assays’ toxin A antibodies detected toxin A at comparable levels. Preliminary results indicated that the toxin B antibody in the Premier toxin A and B assay could detect toxin B at a concentration of 125 pg/100 l, while the toxin B antibody in the C. difficile TOX A/B II assay could not detect toxin B below a concentration of 250 pg/100 l. Therefore, the Premier toxin A and B assay provides greater sensitivity than the C. difficile TOX A/B II assay, perhaps due to a superior detection ability of its toxin B antibody.
Being different and suffering the consequences: The influence of head coach–player racial dissimilarity on experienced incivility

The purpose of the current study was to examine how head coach-player racial dissimilarity was associated with negative treatment from the head coach. Data were collected from 212 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I women's basketball players (124 Whites, 88 African Americans). Results indicate that racial dissimilarity was associated with greater incivility when the head coach was White, but not when the head coach was African American. In addition, incivility was negatively associated with players' commitment to the team. The authors discuss theoretical contributions and practical implications.
Dispersion measurements of optical materials using white light interferometry

Summary form only given. Because of the broad bandwidth of femtosecond laser pulses, dispersion coefficients are important parameters in femtosecond pulse propagation. Dispersion coefficients of dielectrics and nonlinear materials such as barium borate (BBO) are measured over an extended wavelength range, and improved equations are sought for these materials. Using a white light Michelson interferometer, we measure dispersion coefficients of materials placed in one arm of the interferometer for wavelengths from 0.4-1.1 /spl mu/m.