cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Previous milk consumption is associated with greater bone density in young women

Background: Dietary calcium and milk intakes at specific ages may influence bone mineral measures at specific sites during development of peak bone mass. Objective: Relations of previous milk intake and current calcium intake to current bone mineral measures were investigated in young women. Design: A food-frequency interview and recall of previous milk intake from early childhood to 12 y of age and during adolescence (13-19 y) were completed in a cross-sectional analysis in young women (age 18-31 y; n = 224). Three levels of previous milk intake were defined: 1) infrequently or never, 2) sometimes, and 3) at every or almost every meal. Total body (TB), femoral neck, radius (R), and spine (S) bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Childhood and adolescent milk intakes were positively correlated (r = 0.66). Childhood and adolescent milk intakes correlated with current calcium intakes (r = 0.26 and 0.33, respectively). Adolescent milk intake correlated with RBMD (r = 0.16). When weight was controlled for, adolescent milk intake correlated with TBBMD (r = 0.16), TBBMC (r = 0.21), SBMC (r = 0.16), RBMD (r = 0.18), and RBMC (r = 0.15). Current calcium intakes correlated with SBMC (r = 0.17). Regression analyses supported these results. Conclusions: Results were consistent with the hypothesis that higher milk intake during adolescence is associated with greater total body, spine, and radial bone mineral measures during development of peak bone mass, whereas current calcium intakes may influence SBMC. In addition, milk intake at a younger age may contribute to similar habits of milk intake later in life.
Eating disorders prevention: Looking backward, moving forward; looking inward, moving outward

My personal voyage throughout the field of eating disorders prevention began over 25 years ago. It has been a wonderful voyage, although certainly it has not always been smooth sailing. Supportive ...
Axioms and Models

The connection between physics and mathematics poses a problem which has both practical and philosophical aspects. It has not seemed necessary, except perhaps to philosophers, to discuss this problem in any detail. However, the increasingly mathematical character of physics (and of other branches of science, we should add) draws our attention more and more urgently to this problem.
The Relationship Between Client Characteristics and Wraparound Services in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Centers

Objective:The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recommends a comprehensive treatment program for individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) in order to treat needs they often have in addition to their SUD. Specifically, NIDA suggests providing services related to the following issues: medical care, mental health care, HIV/AIDS, child care, educational, vocational, family counseling, housing, transportation, financial, and legal. By providing a comprehensive model that combines core and wraparound services, treatment centers can deliver a higher quality of treatment. In this article, we assessed the relationship between client characteristics and the availability of wraparound services in SUD treatment centers.Method:We combined two nationally representative samples of treatment centers and used a negative binomial regression and a series of logistic regressions to analyze the relationship between client characteristics and wraparound services.Results:On average, centers offered fewer than half of...
Connectivity-tolerant query optimization over distributed mobile repositories

Query processing and optimization in centralized and distributed environments is well-researched. Centralized query optimization focused on minimizing the number of input/output (or I/O) from disk. Distributed query processing focused mainly on maximizing local computation and minimizing data transfer between nodes. Here the distribution of data was pre-determined and both connectivity and bandwidth were pre-defined and guaranteed. Work on sensor data acquisition deal with non-join queries without taking mobility and connectivity interruptions into consideration. However, these assumptions are no longer true when queries are executed over repositories stored in mobile aerial vehicles which collect, process, and store data in real-time, and connectivity changes significantly over the duration of interest. Currently, only data in one vehicle can be queried by the ground control.This paper explores query processing and optimization issues along with concomitant metadata needed for processing/optimizing queries over distributed, mobile, connectivity-challenged environments. Since response-time and fault-tolerance are the main focus, we propose plans using join, semi-join, and replication-based approaches. We propose and evaluate several heuristics for this environment ranging from greedy to cumulative approaches along with the use of replicated copies of data. We have performed elaborate experimental analysis to validate heuristics that work well for this environment. As maintaining replication is a challenge in this environment, we summarize our initial approach. This work on connectivity-tolerant query optimization is part of a larger middleware-based, service-oriented architecture.
RISK-BASED ANALYSIS OF COASTAL PROJECTS

Coastal engineering usually embodies large uncertainties about attacking forces and coastal/structure response. The coastal engineer must address these uncertainties with judgement and experience, supplemented with some level of direct probability analysis. The nature and scope of risks related to coastal projects are reviewed. Analysis approaches developed for wider engineering application, where risks are usually better defined (e.g. Ang and Tang 1975, 1984; Harr 1987), may be less effective in coastal engineering. Two accepted general approaches for risk-based analysis of coastal projects are discussed. The approaches are illustrated with an example shore protection project.
Cardiac Vein Involvement in Carcinoid Syndrome: Possible Evidence of Retrograde Blood Flow in Cardiac Veins in Tricuspid Insufficiency

Cardiac vein involvement was found in four patients with carcinoid heart disease. In one patient, the coronary sinus at the valve was affected. In three patients, other cardiac veins were also involved. These included the atrial wall sinusoids, the great cardiac vein, the anterior and posterior interventricular veins, the anterior and small cardiac veins, and the posterior vein of the left ventricle. The coronary sinus seems to be the only cardiac vein previously reported to be affected by carcinoid fibrosis. The cardiac vein lesions probably occur when the malignant carcinoid syndrome is complicated by tricuspid insufficiency and regurgitation of blood into the venous system of the heart. The cardiac vein lsions might represent a “marker” to indicate the extent of retrograde venous blood flow in some of these patients.
Novel Inhibitors for a Novel Binding Site in Respiratory Complex III

A new binding site and potential novel inhibitors of the respiratory complex III are described. The site is located at the opposite side of the enzyme with respect to ubiquinol binding site (Qo site), and distinctly different from both Qo and Qi sites (hence designated as Non-Q binding site, NQ). NQ site binding pocket extends up close to Phe90 residue, an internal switch (LH switch) that regulates electron transfer between heme bL and heme bH of the low potential redox chain. Docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations of different molecules to the NQ site revealed potential ligands which exhibit a novel inhibitory effect for bc1 complex by switching the LH switch to "off" conformation, thereby shutting down electron transfer in the low potential redox chain. Moreover, the novel inhibitors have lower binding affinity for both Qo and Qi sites, and hence do not interfere with binding of the natural ligands to those sites. The inhibitory activity of those novel ligands in bc1 complex is suggested to promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the Qo site. Hence those ligands are potential candidates for designing new "mitocan" drugs.
Special Education Advocacy in the Juvenile Justice System: Perspectives from Probation Officers

ABSTRACTAlthough students with disabilities are over-represented in the juvenile justice system and frequently receive poor educational services, few studies have examined strategies to increase compliance with student needs and individualized education programs. In this study, we conducted interviews with eight probation officers in the Advocacy Unit of a juvenile justice system in a large Midwestern city. We examined the advocacy strategies used by the probation officers as well as the barriers they faced in ensuring court-involved youth received appropriate educational supports. Advocacy strategies included: documentation, collaboration with other stakeholders, and assertive but not aggressive communication. Probation officers also mentioned more creative advocacy strategies. Barriers to effective advocacy included: poor working relationships with schools, older age of youth, and obstacles to parent involvement. We discuss implications for research and practice.
Analysis of a Multi-Numerics/Multi-Physics Problem

The coupled Stokes and Darcy flows problem is solved by locally conservative numerical methods. Discontinuous Galerkin methods are used in the Stokes region and discontinuous Galerkin methods coupled with mixed finite element methods are employed in the Darcy region. Optimal a priori error estimates are derived.
Timing of pulmonary valve replacement in tetralogy of fallot using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: an evolving process.

The observation that adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) outnumber children is a testament to the exponential improvements in the medical and surgical management of the disease ([1][1]). The first Black-Taussig shunt placement in 1945 ([2,3][2]), improved life expectancy from a few months
Equivalent modeling method of battery energy storage system in multi-time scales

The rapid development of battery energy storage technology has provided a new solution for integrating large scale renewable power generation; however, the accurate model of battery energy storage system (BESS) in multi-time scales has not been developed yet. The BESS model consists of battery model, power electronics interface model and controller model. There are still no certain math expressions about the parameters of battery model, the model of power electronics and controller are also different in different applications. Considering different applications in power system, the multi-time scales model of BESS should be established to take account of the transient, steady and dynamic state. In this paper, an equivalent modeling method of BESS was developed. First, the different equivalent circuit models of battery were summarized, according to the comparison, the thevenin equivalent circuit model was supposed as the effective model for power system application. So, taking into account the relations between the parameters such as current, internal resistance, and state of charge (SOC), the battery parameters were fitted based on experimental date. Then, the power electronics interface model including DC/AC and DC/DC converter were introduced, and the control method with different operations were proposed. Finally, the BESS model were built and verified on the platform of BESS experiment. The results show that the model can represent the multi-state characteristics of battery and has quick response.
The binding of cyclosporin A to human plasma: an in vitro microdialysis study.

Purpose. The human plasma binding of cyclosporin A was studied in vitro using the technique of microdialysis. The effect of temperature on the overall binding interaction between cyclosporin A and human plasma was also investigated. Methods. Flow-through loop-type microdialysis probes were constructed from fused silica tubing and regenerated cellulose tubing with a MWCO of 13000 daltons. Probes were perfused with phosphate buffer (0.5 µl/min) and the concentration of 3H-cyclosporin A in the well-mixed medium (plasma or buffer) was 1200 ng/ml. Relative recoveries of cyclosporin A from plasma or buffer were determined for each probe by separate experiments to measure the solute gain or loss with reference to the perfusate. Results. Recoveries determined by loss were significantly greater than those determined by gain and in each case temperature dependent, with higher recoveries at higher temperatures. The plasma free fraction of cyclosporin A calculated from the recovery data and the perfusate to plasma concentration ratios was dependent on temperature in a log-linear fashion. Mean ± s.d. plasma free fractions expressed in percent were 33.5 ± 4.6, 17.9 ± 3.6, 6.2 ± 0.8, 3.0 ± 0.6, and 1.5 ± 0.2 at temperatures of 4, 10, 20, 30, and 37°C, respectively. Assuming that the enthalpy of binding is constant over the temperature range studied and pseudo-first order conditions exist, the binding reaction at these temperatures was spontaneous, endothermic (ΔH = 74.0 kJ/mole), and entropically driven (ΔS = 0.274 kJ/mole/deg). Conclusions. These results show that the free fraction of cyclosporin A in human plasma is dependent on temperature with the fraction unbound decreasing with temperature in the range of 4 to 37°C. The thermodynamic parameters for the binding of cyclosporin A to plasma components indicate that the reaction is a spontaneous endothermic reaction that is mainly entropy driven, similar to the partitioning of lipophilic molecules from an aqueous to a hydrophobic phase. Moreover, these results show that microdialysis is a feasible method to determine the binding interactions between plasma and cyclosporin A, which indicates the method may be suitable for other difficult binding studies where the solutes have nonspecific binding to separation devices.
The microRNA expression profile of mouse Müller glia in vivo and in vitro

The profile of miRNAs in mature glia is not well characterized, and most studies have been done in cultured glia. In order to identify the miRNAs in adult and young (postnatal day 11/12) Muller glia of the neural retina, we isolated the Muller glia from Rlbp-CreER: Stopf/f-tdTomato mice by means of fluorescent activated cell sorting and analyzed their miRNAs using NanoStrings Technologies®. In freshly isolated adult Muller glia, we identified 7 miRNAs with high expression levels in the glia, but very low levels in the retinal neurons. These include miR-204, miR-9, and miR-125–5p. We also found 15 miRNAs with high levels of expression in both neurons and glia, and many miRNAs that were enriched in neurons and expressed at lower levels in Muller glia, such as miR-124. We next compared miRNA expression of acutely isolated Muller glia with those that were maintained in dissociated culture for 8 and 14 days. We found that most miRNAs declined in vitro. Interestingly, some miRNAs that were not highly expressed in adult Muller glia increased in cultured cells. Our results thus show the miRNA profile of adult Muller glia and the effects of cell culture on their levels.
Stress Analysis of the K-DEMO Vacuum Vessel

Components that make up the central column of a tokamak have a strong impact on the overall sizing of the reactor. In most of the next generation tokamaks being considered at PPPL, the vessel is se...
Potent Neurotoxins for Cancer Pain Treatment: Resiniferatoxin and Saporin

Abstract Intractable cancer pain continues to be a difficult problem for pain management specialists. With current oral analgesics many patients have side-effects that limit their quality of life. Interventional treatments, such as intrathecal neurolysis with alcohol and phenol, can be effective, but have the potential for motor paralysis. Other potent intrathecal analgesics, such as ziconotide, opioids, bupivacaine, and clonidine, need to be administered by an external pump or internal implantable drug delivery system, which, with end-of-life care, can be hard to coordinate. Modern intrathecal alternatives, resiniferatoxin and saporin, offer prolonged analgesia, and their delivery avoids motor dysfunction. This chapter explores the history, data, and future studies of these novel natural compounds for cancer pain relief.
Evolving legal framework and history of national minority councils in Serbia

Serbia introduced ethnic non-territorial autonomy through elected national minority councils into its legal system in 2002. The evolvement of the respective legal framework, the experiences of democratic elections, and the functioning of the national minority councils provide an opportunity for presenting, analysing, and evaluating this legally regulated institution of non-territorial autonomy. This article investigates both the legislative framework and the functioning of national minority councils. It is argued that national minority councils were legalised primarily to fit the plans and demands of the Hungarian minority, though they at the same time contributed to the integration of national minorities in Serbia and to the inter-ethnic democracy in general. Possible future amendments have to resolve contradictions between the Law on National Councils and various laws on education and culture and should also improve the legislative framework in order to protect and ensure individual human rights against abuses by NMCs and political plurality within minority communities.
The Changing Nature of the Cadaver

By restricting dissection to unknown and stigmatized individuals, dissection in fourteenth-century medical schools lent themselves to a defensive style of psychological distancing from the memorial body of the cadaver. Vesalius exploited the new linear perspective technique in art for his illustrations as a means to enhance an attitude of detached concern in relation to his anatomical specimens. Historical evidence linking Vesalius to Galileo through mutual influences at University of Padua strongly suggests Vesalius’ attitude of detached concern informed and shaped the epistemological orientation of the new physics of Galileo. This epistemological attitude was also informed by the nascent Neoplatonism emerging in the elite circles of learned men in Northern Italy, especially through the influence of Toscanelli.
Unilateral upper extremity lymphedema in metastatic prostate cancer

Upper extremity lymphedema and cutaneous spread are atypical behavior of prostate disease and should be kept in the differential for selected patients. This presentation in these patients may be underdiagnosed and potentially an ominous sign. Our case adds to our continued learning of possible prostate malignancy behavior.
Prediction of Neurological Outcome after Cardiac Arrest

The introduction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) into clinical practice more than 50 years ago [1] has allowed many patients in cardiac arrest to achieve a recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and to be admitted to hospital alive. Unfortunately, most resuscitated patients die in the first day after cardiac arrest and in about one fourth of those who survive to hospital discharge, the postanoxic insult results in severe neurological impairment [2]. Accurate prognostication of poor neurological outcome, made as early as possible, is of paramount importance to avoid futile treatments for unrecoverable patients and unreasonable hopes of recovery in their relatives.
Quality of Life in Patients With Vascular Dementia

Little is known about quality of life (QOL) in vascular dementia (VaD). The past decade has witnessed considerable attention to QOL issues in dementia, but the majority of this work has been conducted with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or mixed dementia samples, with surprisingly scant attention devoted exclusively to VaD populations. Thus, this chapter primarily focuses on future directions for work regarding QOL in VaD, a largely uncharted territory. Current conceptualizations and measurement issues regarding QOL in dementia are reviewed. Hypotheses about QOL in VaD are generated from the literature bases regarding QOL in AD and in stroke patients without dementia, which are two patient populations that share overlapping features with VaD.
Short-course Versus Long-course Neoadjuvant Therapy for Non-metastatic Rectal Cancer: Patterns of Care and Outcomes From the National Cancer Database.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare the utilization, pathologic response, and overall survival (OS) between long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiation (LC-CRT) and short-course neoadjuvant radiation (SC-RT) in the treatment of non-metastatic rectal cancer. Methods and Materials Retrospective data was obtained from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) for patients diagnosed with clinical stage II or III (limited to T3, any N or T1-2, N1-2) rectal cancer between 2004 and 2014 (28,193 patients). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with receipt of SC-RT, pathologic complete response (pCR) rate, and OS. Patients were compared based on the neoadjuvant therapy they received prior to tumor resection. SC-RT was defined as 25 Gy given over 1 week prior to surgery (with or without chemotherapy as part of their treatment course). LC-CRT was defined as 45 to 60 Gy given over 5 to 6 weeks (with chemotherapy) prior to surgery. Results A total of 27,988 (99%) of patients received LC-CRT, and 205 (1%) patients received SC-RT. Receipt of SC-RT was associated with older age, more comorbidities, and treatment at an academic facility (P Conclusions In this United States database study, there was no improvement in OS for patients receiving LC-CRT compared with SC-RT; however, a longer interval between radiation therapy and surgery led to a higher pCR rate. Academic facilities were more likely to utilize SC-RT compared with other facilities.
Amplification of impurity upon complex formation: how a 2% ligand impurity lowers the corresponding complex purity to 50%

Small amounts of an impurity in a ligand can be greatly amplified upon formation of large metal–organic complexes, exemplified here by the formation of alkyne-functionalized nanojars. We demonstrate that the incorporation of the pyrazole ligand impurity into the nanojar is governed by statistics and does not directly reflect the actual ratio between the ligand and the impurity.
Displaying Diverse Spectra Using a Thin White Line Screen (TWLS)

Gas emission tubes are widely used laboratory and demonstration apparatus because the line source nature of the tube produces line spectra when viewed directly through a diffraction grating. These are long and distinctly visible images of the tube, located to either side of the zeroth order at an angle determined by the wavelength. A continuous spectrum with each distinct color being a vertical line is produced by an incandescent bulb having a vertical line filament. P. J. Ouseph first contrasted spectra from thin white and black lines in an interesting activity reported in this journal in 1989. For more detail about why line spectra are useful, see Appendix I at TPT Online. I am reporting here a simple and useful method for presenting the spectral distribution of diverse sources and filters, or the reflected light from colored samples (inks, color swatches, etc.), that has the same visual impact and didactic benefits of the line sources noted above. This technique was devised as part of inquiry curriculum for the Light and Color class at Bellevue College.
Glucose Management Technologies for the Critically Ill.

Hyperglycemia is common in the intensive care unit (ICU) both in patients with and without a previous diagnosis of diabetes. The optimal glucose range in the ICU population is still a matter of deb...
SwarmHaptics: Haptic Display with Swarm Robots

This paper seeks to better understand the use of haptic feedback in abstract, ubiquitous robotic interfaces. We introduce and provide preliminary evaluations of SwarmHaptics, a new type of haptic display using a swarm of small, wheeled robots. These robots move on a flat surface and apply haptic patterns to the user's hand, arm, or any other accessible body parts. We explore the design space of SwarmHaptics including individual and collective robot parameters, and demonstrate example scenarios including remote social touch using the Zooids platform. To gain insights into human perception, we applied haptic patterns with varying number of robots, force type, frequency, and amplitude and obtained user's perception in terms of emotion, urgency, and Human-Robot Interaction metrics. In a separate elicitation study, users generated a set of haptic patterns for social touch. The results from the two studies help inform how users perceive and generate haptic patterns with SwarmHaptics.
The Microbial Ecology and Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Environments

The microbial ecology of tetrachloroethene (PCE)- and trichloroethene (TCE)-contaminated sites is complex. Fundamentally, accurate prediction of contaminant fate, the survival of dehalorespiring populations, and, thus, the performance of engineered bioremediation approaches at these sites are feasible only if the correct kinetic models are applied, and meaningful and mathematically independent parameter estimates are input into these models. A model that incorporates biomass inactivation at high chlorinated ethene concentrations, as well as the self-inhibitory and competitive inhibition effects that the elevated chlorinated ethene concentrations exert on dechlorination reactions, must be utilized to accurately predict dehalorespiring population substrate interactions and growth. The initial conditions used in batch laboratory kinetic assays, including the initial limiting substrate (S0)-to-initial biomass concentration (X0) ratio and the S0-to-half-saturation constant (KS) ratio, must be carefully selected to ensure that the parameter estimates are meaningful and independent. Kinetic assays conducted at appropriate S0/X0 and S0/KS ratios suggest that the substrate utilization kinetics of many PCE-to-dichloroethene (DCE) dehalorespirers are faster than those of Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains. Integration of mathematical simulations using appropriate dehalorespiration models and dehalorespiring co-culture experiments also showed that PCE-to-DCE dehalorespirers tend to outcompete D. mccartyi strains for higher chlorinated ethenes. Where dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination is present, the fast substrate utilization kinetics of PCE-to-DCE dehalorespirers allow them to grow close to the DNAPL-water interface and control dissolution bioenhancement. Under excess electron donor conditions, D. mccartyi strains specialize in dehalorespiration of lesser chlorinated ethenes produced by PCE-to-DCE dehalorespirers. Maintenance of multiple dehalorespirers growing via complementary substrate interactions results in optimal utilization of electron equivalents, bioenhancement of DNAPL dissolution, and contaminant detoxification.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Zr MOFs Assembled from PNNNP-Ru Pincer Complexes

Three isostructural Zr metal–organic frameworks have been synthesized from PNNNP-Ru pincer metallolinkers bearing different combinations of ancillary ligands (1, Zr6O4(OH)4(OAc)4{cis-(PNNNP)RuCl2(C...
OCT-GUIDED PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF SAME DAY DISCHARGE AMONG ELECTIVE PATIENTS

Same day discharge (SDD) reduces cost and improves patient satisfaction, but occurs only 5% of the time. The BED PCI study reported patients were nearly 18 times more likely to have an overnight stay if there was residual stenosis after angioplasty. Intracoronary imaging such as Optical Coherence
Influence of 4P Strategy on Organisation’s Performance: A Case on Bangladesh RMG Sector

The right 4P strategy empowers organisations to pursue their marketing objectives in the target markets and therefore achieve the organisational objectives. Proper implementation of the right 4P strategy ensures provision of the right product, at the right price, in the right place thus, confirms that resources are efficiently and effectively utilized. This study aims to investigate the impact of 4P strategies on organisation performance in the garments industry of Bangladesh based on CEPZ (Chittagong Export Processing Zone). McCarthy’s (1964) 4 P’s (such as product, price, place, and promotion) are considered as the elements of 4Ps in this study. Data was collected through survey where a structured questionnaire, containing 25 closed-ended questions, was used. A total of 180 respondents were selected conveniently for this survey. The data was analysed using SPSS 24.0 version. From the findings of the study it was found that product, place, price and promotional strategies significantly and positively influenced the organisation's performance. The findings suggest that by focusing on 4P strategy, the organizations can make better performance than their competitors. Eventually, few recommendations were offered for the garment industry.
Experimental characterization of a mode-separating photonic lantern for imaging applications.

The point spread function (PSF) of an imaging system has a minimum size, a “diffraction limit,” determined by the size of the limiting aperture. Image features smaller than this PSF can be, in a conventional imaging system, resolved only if the intensity noise is low enough to permit deconvolution. Measuring image-plane intensity as a function of spatial mode rather than position has the potential to reduce the quantum noise and thus enable subdiffraction resolution at lower light levels or in shorter measurement times than can be tolerated with conventional imaging. Here we examine experimental measurements of intensity and intensity noise as a function of spatial mode. We characterize the impulse response of a spatial mode coupling measurement at the focal plane of an imaging system to the position of a far-field point source. Our measured intensity noise scales with power in a way that suggests photon shot noise is a significant contributor, and we find that the signal-to-noise ratio of our modal-basis measurement of point source position exceeds that of a conventional image-plane pixel array for subdiffraction objects imaged against dark backgrounds. The mode coupling is measured with a custom mode-separating fiber photonic lantern. Photonic lanterns and equivalent structures constructed from rigid waveguides are simple, passive devices that lend themselves to real-world implementations of this measurement scheme with minimal size, weight, power, and cost.
State of the art review: Vertebral Osteotomies for the management of Spinal Deformity

Spinal deformity is a complex condition caused by various etiologies (degenerative, neuromuscular, congenital, developmental, traumatic, neoplastic, idiopathic) leading to clinical deformity, axial back pain, and neurologic deficits. Patients presenting with severe deformities require vertebral osteotomies to achieve the necessary curve correction for radiographic and clinical improvement. The three major vertebral osteotomy techniques commonly used at this time are the posterior column osteotomy (PCO), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), and vertebral column resection (VCR). The different vertebral osteotomies have unique merits and pitfalls that need to be addressed during preoperative planning to achieve maximum benefit while limiting or avoiding possible complications. The more difficult vertebral osteotomies have a steeper learning curve and requires extensive pre, intra and postoperative management of the patient. This review will aim to discuss the indications, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes for each of these different vertebral osteotomy techniques with illustrative cases.
Reversible Insertion of Mg-Cl Superhalides in Graphite as a Cathode for Aqueous Dual-Ion Batteries

Oxidative anion insertion into graphite in an aqueous environment represents a significant challenge in the construction of aqueous dual-ion batteries. In dilute aqueous electrolytes, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) dominates the anodic current before anions can be inserted into the graphite gallery. Herein, we report that the reversible insertion of Mg-Cl superhalides in graphite delivers a record-high reversible capacity of 150 mAh g-1 from an aqueous deep eutectic solvent comprising magnesium chloride and choline chloride. The insertion of Mg-Cl superhalides in graphite does not form staged graphite intercalation compounds; instead, the insertion of Mg-Cl superhalides makes the graphite partially turbostratic.
Fighting the Stigma of “Second-Tier” Status: The Emergence of “Semi-Elite” Private Higher Education in Vietnam

In its 3rd decade of development, contemporary Vietnamese private higher education (PHE), has remained to be lowly regarded, despite its expansion and rising contribution to Vietnam’s higher education system. Essentially, compared to public universities, private counterparts are often considered second-tier institutions. Such a stigma stemmed not only from generally low-profile students that private universities enrol, but also from unique socio-economic features of a communist state in which the concept of private sector often triggered questions of political correctness. I draw on qualitative and quantitative data from various sources to argue that Vietnam’s PHE has many potentials to overcome the stigma of second-tier status and become the first choice of middle-class students. More specifically, I find that the macro socio-economic reforms initiated under Doi Moi (Reform) 1986 have provided numerous avenues for private universities to fight against the second-tier stigma. In addition, my data also point to a specific group of private universities that have enrolled a good number of students with both academic and financial capacities. My Chapter’s findings imply that the state’s monopoly in higher education provision, including the provision of high-quality education, has come to an end—non-state sectors have now become a true counterbalance to the state system.
Addressing disciplinary whiteness and racial justice advocacy in communication education

In 2020, on the heels of the shooting deaths of Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, a 46-year-old Black man, was killed during an arrest in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Derek Chavin, a Whi...
If We Make It, Will They Take It?: Patient Attitudes Towards Acceptability of Over The Counter Testing for Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT)

Background: Adolescent women, 15-19 yo, have the highest rates of CT infection. As the majority of chlamydia infections are asymptomatic, screening is imperative. Although the CDC recommends screening on a yearly basis for adolescent women, there have been increasing rates of CT infections over the preceding two years. The number may actually be higher as many women at risk are still not being tested. Point of care tests (POCT) for STDs, including CT, are currently under development. Following the example of pregnancy testing, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) …
Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits sexually dimorphic placental immune responses.

There is a persistent bias toward higher prevalence and increased severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in males. Underlying mechanisms accounting for this sex difference remain incomplet...
Impact of Airway Inflammation on the Efficacy of CFTR Modulators

Defective CFTR biogenesis and activity in cystic fibrosis airways leads to airway dehydration and impaired mucociliary clearance, resulting in chronic airway infection and inflammation. Most cystic fibrosis patients have at least one copy of the F508del CFTR mutation, which results in a protein retained in the endoplasmic reticulum and degraded by the proteosomal pathway. CFTR modulators, e.g., correctors, promote the transfer of F508del to the apical membrane, while potentiators increase CFTR activity. Corrector and potentiator double therapies modestly improve lung function, whereas triple therapies with two correctors and one potentiator indicate improved outcomes. Enhanced F508del rescue by CFTR modulators is achieved by exposing F508del/F508del primary cultures of human bronchial epithelia to relevant inflammatory stimuli, i.e., supernatant from mucopurulent material or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from human cystic fibrosis airways. Inflammation enhances the biochemical and functional rescue of F508del by double or triple CFTR modulator therapy and overcomes abrogation of CFTR correction by chronic VX-770 treatment in vitro. Furthermore, the impact of inflammation on clinical outcomes linked to CFTR rescue has been recently suggested. This review discusses these data and possible mechanisms for airway inflammation-enhanced F508del rescue. Expanding the understanding of how airway inflammation improves CFTR rescue may benefit cystic fibrosis patients.
A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM ON THE RADIO: TECHNOLOGY IN VOICE AND SPEECH

A Midsummer Night's Dream on the Radio: Technology in Voice and Speech By David Malachi Becker, MFA A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Major Director: Janet B. Rodgers, Professor of Theatre Head of Performance, Voice and Speech Recent advances in sound technology have had significant implications for the teaching of voice and speech that are only now becoming apparent. As more students become “plugged in” it becomes more difficult, both for the instructor and the student, to communicate, let alone find a voice. We are becoming increasingly addicted to communicating through our devices, rather than through the traditional and accepted modes of the past: using the human voice. In light of these rapid and various new developments, voice training, especially at the introductory level, needs to be examined anew. A number of traditional approaches and teaching methods for twenty-first century Generation Y students may need to be reconsidered or updated. Technical advancements which are affecting actual physical changes in our human condition necessitate that the voice instructor be informed by, and where possible incorporate, the new technologies into teaching. This thesis focuses on possible ways to combine and integrate such technologies with traditional practices of voice and
Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior

This chapter reviews decades of empirical evidence and theory linking attitudes, beliefs and behavior, with special focus on medical and geriatric populations. The clinical relevance of patient self-efficacy and stereotyping is emphasized. The discussion covers patient, caregiver and physician attitudes, beliefs and behavior and how they can influence patient outcomes, including adherence and chronic disease self-management.
The Inductions of Tyrosine Aminotransferase by Glucagon and Hydrocortisone

Abstract Glucagon alone, given to adrenalectomized rats, caused induction of tyrosine aminotransferase only in repeated doses. A single dose given with or 5 hours after hydrocortisone enhanced 3-fold the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by the hydrocortisone. Glucagon did not alter the levels of tryptophan oxygenase in these situations. The simultaneous administration of actinomycin D completely inhibited the effects of glucagon on tyrosine aminotransferase when glucagon was given alone, with hydrocortisone, or after hydrocortisone. The induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by glucagon both in untreated rats and in rats treated by injection of hydrocortisone therefore appears to require synthesis of ribonucleic acid; this requirement is distinct from the RNA synthesis required in the induction of the same enzyme by hydrocortisone. Actinomycin given with the hydrocortisone prevented its induction of tyrosine aminotransferase and tryptophan oxygenase, but actinomycin given more than 1 hour after hydrocortisone did not decrease or increase the levels of these enzymes.
TiO2 atomic layer deposition on ZrO2 particles using alternating exposures of TiCl4 and H2O

Abstract TiO 2 was deposited with atomic layer control on ZrO 2 particles using alternating exposures of TiCl 4 and H 2 O. Transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the sequential surface chemistry in vacuum. The ZrO 2 particles initially displayed vibrational modes consistent with ZrOH * surface species. TiCl 4 exposure at 600 K removed the surface hydroxyls and subsequent H 2 O exposure at 600 K produced TiOH * surface species. Repeating the TiCl 4 and H 2 O exposures in an ABAB… reaction sequence deposited TiO 2 with atomic layer control. The intensity of the bulk vibrational modes for TiO 2 increased with the number of AB reaction cycles. The ZrO 2 particles after TiO 2 deposition were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM images revealed ZrO 2 particles encapsulated by conformal TiO 2 films with a thickness of ∼16 A after 40 AB reaction cycles. These TEM images are consistent with a TiO 2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth rate at 600 K of 0.4 A/AB cycle.
Isolation, growth characteristics, and long-term storage of fungi cultivated by attine ants.

Seven pure-culture strains of fungi cultivated by attine ants (ant-garden fungi) were isolated from locally maintained leaf-cutting ant colonies. An ant-garden fungus strain obtained from an Atta cephalotes colony, when offered to ants of the colony from which the fungus was isolated, was accepted as their own. Young fungus cultures were harvested and incorporated into the fungus garden, and cultures of intermediate age were used to begin a new fungus garden; old cultures were simply harvested. To facilitate further research on this fungus, growth characteristics of the different isolates were studied under a variety of conditions. They grew better at 24°C than at 30°C, and growth did not occur at an incubation temperature of 37°C. In a broth culture medium, growth was enhanced by aeration of the culture and by addition of yeast extract, olive oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, walnut oil, safflower oil, or mineral oil. Glycerol did not noticeably affect growth, but Tween 80 inhibited growth. These fungi were extremely sensitive to cycloheximide, growth being totally inhibited at cycloheximide concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 4.0 μg/ml. To date, the ant-garden fungus isolates have remained viable in long-term mineral oil-overlay storage cultures for up to 4 years.
Dietary modulation of endothelial function: implications for cardiovascular disease

The vascular endothelium is the primary site of dysfunction in many diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease. A variety of risk factors, including smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, adversely affect endothelial function. Emerging evidence suggests an important role of dietary factors in modulating endothelial function. In particular, n-3 fatty acids, antioxidant vitamins (especially vitamins E and C), folic acid, and L-arginine appear to have beneficial effects on vascular endothelial function, either by decreasing endothelial activation or by improving endothelium-dependent vasodilation in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease as well as in healthy subjects. These effects may serve as one potential mechanism through which these nutrients reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, as observed in epidemiologic studies and several clinical trials. This article reviews clinical and experimental evidence regarding the role of these nutrients in modulating endothelial function and their potential to prevent cardiovascular disease.
Modeling evidence for recent warming of the Arctic soil thermal regime

[1] Daily soil temperature and thaw depth for the entire Arctic terrestrial drainage area are simulated using a one-dimensional heat transfer model with phase change. Analyses of temperature trends at the soil surface and at 2 m depth are presented for the 23-year time period 1980 through 2002. Soil warming is simulated for all permafrost regions, but is most pronounced (0.044°C/yr) at the surface in the continuous permafrost region. Trends for most recent years (1994–2002) are about three times higher. Active layer depth increases significantly for parts of Alaska and northern Canada, and southern and eastern Siberia. As assessed for the major river drainages, the most dramatic active layer deepening occurs in the Yenisey basin.
Fractures of the neck of the femur in the aged: review of 224 consecutive cases.

: A review is presented of the end-results in the treatment of 224 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur, at the University of Iowa Hospital. Of the 224 patients, 115 were aged 80 or older. The incidence of fracture non-union was no higher among the older patients. One fourth of the patients died in the first year after fracture; of those surviving, one fourth never walked again. There was a high correlation of adequate reduction and fixation of the fracture with final healing and a return to the pre-fracture ambulatory state.
Electro-optical control of the directional switching based on degenerate state splitting in photonic crystal

We study degenerate defect state splitting inside two-dimensional photonic crystal. Using group-theory analysis we determined perturbation potentials that split the degeneracy most efficiently. Application of the effect in optical switch waveguide devices is presented.
Investigation of comminution in a Wiley Mill: Experiments and DEM Simulations

Particle size reduction of dry granular material by mechanical means, also known as milling or comminution, is undoubtedly a very important unit operation in pharmaceutical, agricultural, food, mineral and paper industries. Particle size reduction rate was studied by conducting parametric studies experimentally and computationally using Discrete Element Method (DEM). Studies were performed with lactose non-pareils (spheres) to understand the effect of blade speed (rotational), feed rate, and blade-wall tolerance in a Wiley mill. The size and shape of the resulting progeny of particles were analyzed by sieve analysis and microscope/image analysis techniques respectively. The feed rate determines the hold up of material in sizing chamber and hence energy required for size reduction. Greater size reduction was observed at higher speeds and low feed rates owing to the greater centrifugal force experienced by the particles and longer mean free path lengths respectively. Particle shape analysis revealed fragmentation to be the dominant mechanism of size reduction at higher speeds. Increase in blade-wall tolerance resulted in accumulation of powder bed which was found to be significant at low impeller speeds. Single particle impact studies were performed using Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer to determine the force required to break the granule. In this method, the granules were subjected to a quasi-static compression process and the corresponding force was continuously recorded. The flow and fragmentation of non-pareils were simulated using DEM, an explicit numerical technique scheme, which calculates interaction forces between grains for each grain-grain contact, and the resulting motion of each grain. The fragmentation of each spherical particle was simulated using the Grady's Algorithm. The diameter of the resultant progeny particle was evaluated based on the fracture toughness of material, propagation velocity of longitudinal elastic waves in the material, and the induced strain rate.
An access control language for object-oriented programming system

Abstract An extended access control language and implementation mechanism is specified for use in the protection of modules (or objects) in object-oriented programming systems. Described within the context of a “resource module” as the standard programming construct, the language may be readily adapted for use in other object-oriented systems and is designed for ease of use by a normal programmer. The protection, afforded to program modules, captures the advantages of access control lists, provides the power of “least privilege” found in capability based systems, and allows for extended control on individual subjects through the use of access rights expressions.