cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Somnambulism Due to Probable Interaction of Valproic Acid and Zolpidem

ObjectiveTo report a case of somnambulism due to a probable interaction between valproic acid and zolpidem in a patient with no prior personal or family history of somnambulism.Case SummaryA 47-year-old white man with a history of bipolar disorder was being maintained on citalopram 40 mg once daily and zolpidem 5 mg at bedtime. During treatment, he developed manic symptoms and was started on adjunctive valproic acid therapy. Soon after this, he developed episodes of somnambulism, which stopped when valproic acid was discontinued. On rechallenge with valproic acid, somnambulism returned.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature describing a probable interaction between valproic acid and zolpidem leading to somnambulism. Even though valproic acid has been associated with sleep changes, there are no published reports of somnambulism with this agent. Zolpidem has been associated with somnambulism, but our patient did not experience this when he was on zolpidem monotherapy. However...
A study of hermetic transitions for microwave packages

Two numerical techniques, the finite difference in time domain (FDTD) and the finite element method (FEM) in frequency domain, are employed to characterize microstrip hermetic transition geometries in an effort to investigate high frequency effects. Measurements performed on these transitions compare favorably with theory. It is shown that these hermetic wall transitions may suffer from parasitic parallel plate modes which however can be eliminated with the use of vias at appropriate locations. Two different transitions have been analyzed from 5 GHz to 25 GHz and have been found to be limited in performance by higher return loss as frequency increases. This indicates the need for very careful characterization of transitions intended for use in microwave and millimeter-wave applications. >
Male pseudohermaphroditism of the testicular feminizing type in a horse.

SUMMARY Features characteristic of the hereditary syndrome of testicular feminization (tfm) were observed in a 7-year-old Quarter Horse. The horse had female body habitus and male psychosexual behaviour. Gonads located in the abdomen were testes and the uterus and cervix were absent. The vagina was normal in depth but ended as a blind pocket. The sex chromosome composition of testicular fibroblast and leucocyte cultures was XY. Construction of a family pedigree revealed a pattern of hereditary transmission similar to that reported for tfm in other mammalian species. RESUME Des caracteres d'un syndrome hereditaire de feminisation testiculaire furent constates chez un cheval de Selle de 7 ans. Ce cheval avait un comportement psychique de mâle et un aspect de jument. Les gonades se trouvaient dans l'abdomen. L'uterus et le cervix n'existaient pas. Le vagin etait normal mais se terminait en cul de sac. Les chromosomes sexuel du tissu testiculaire et des leucocytes etaient de type XY. L'etude du pedigree revela des traits genetiques comparables a ceux releves pour le meme syndrome hezc d'autres mammiferes. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die charakteristischen Merkmale des hereditaren Syndroms der testikularen Verweiblichung konnte bei einem 7 jahrigen Quarter Horse beobachtet werden. Das Pferd zeigte einen Stutenhabitus und ein mannliches Sexualverhalten. Die abdominal gelegenen Gonaden erwiesen sich als Hoden; Uterus und Cervix fehlten. Die Vagina war von normaler Lange, endete aber als Blindsack. Die Geschlechtschromosomen testikularer Fibroblasten und von Leukocytenkulturen bestanden aus XY. Ein Familienstammbaum Hess auf einen Erbgang schliessen, wie er auch bei anderen Saugetierarten beschrieben worden ist.
A new method for the calculation of subtransmission and distribution system transients based on the FFT

A new method for the calculation of subtransmission and distribution system voltages is proposed. The method is appropriate for the calculation of bus voltage transients due to the operation of large industrial loads: in this sense, the method is for power quality calculations. In particular, the method may be used for load currents which are electronically switched. The method is based on the Fourier transform of Ohm's law Vi(?)=Zij(?Ij(?) where Zij is the transfer impedeance between the busses i and j which are the busses at which the voltage transient is to be calculated and the bus at which high load currents occur, respectively. The Fourier transform is valid for most types of power system transients of practical interest, and this transform may be readily approximated by the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The FFT is a computationally efficient transform which is widely used in communications engineering and certain other areas. In this paper, a new method is described for the calculation of Zij(?). The method is based on a decoupling procedure whereby the power network is decomposed into two circuits. One of these circuits is composed of resistive and inductive elements, and the other is composed of conductive and capacitive elements. The former is a series network which has frequency dependence given by R + j?L and the latter is a shunt network with the admittance characteristic G + j?C. An interesting matrix version of the parallel impedance formula is developed and used to find Zij,(?).
A synergistic biorefinery based on catalytic conversion of lignin prior to cellulose starting from lignocellulosic biomass

Current biomass utilization processes do not make use of lignin beyond its heat value. Here we report on a bimetallic Zn/Pd/C catalyst that converts lignin in intact lignocellulosic biomass directly into two methoxyphenol products, leaving behind the carbohydrates as a solid residue. Genetically modified poplar enhanced in syringyl (S) monomer content yields only a single product, dihydroeugenol. Lignin-derived methoxyphenols can be deoxygenated further to propylcyclohexane. The leftover carbohydrate residue is hydrolyzed by cellulases to give glucose in 95% yield, which is comparable to lignin-free cellulose (solka floc). New conversion pathways to useful fuels and chemicals are proposed based on the efficient conversion of lignin into intact hydrocarbons.
A Profile of U.S. Marketing CEOs: Implications for Marketing Educators

This paper examines the profiles of 800 Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) from America’s top corporations and provides factual information for marketing educators to utilize in classroom presentations and to disseminate to students considering marketing careers. Seven research questions related to CEO career path, promotion speed, salary, educational level, and educational relevance are explored. The implications of these findings are discussed.
An eigensystem approach to Anderson localization

Abstract We introduce a new approach for proving localization (pure point spectrum with exponentially decaying eigenfunctions, dynamical localization) for the Anderson model at high disorder. In contrast to the usual strategy, we do not study finite volume Green's functions. Instead, we perform a multiscale analysis based on finite volume eigensystems (eigenvalues and eigenfunctions). Information about eigensystems at a given scale is used to derive information about eigensystems at larger scales. This eigensystem multiscale analysis treats all energies of the finite volume operator at the same time, establishing level spacing and localization of eigenfunctions in a fixed box with high probability. A new feature is the labeling of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions by the sites of the box.
Using Service Learning to Promote Community Financial Health

Service Learning is a pedagogy that integrates curriculum objectives with learning outcomes while producing mutually beneficial opportunities for advancing communities. While the impact is well recognized, there is a perception that a steep learning curve exists both for the students and faculty. To help ease the time commitments of Faculty engaged in this activity we present a model and apply a tool, the AT-EASE GPS, to a service learning project. The GPS analogy reflects the use of the tool to understand the current environment in which individuals and their community co-exist and to help both constituents find a path to become comfortable (or AT-EASE). The tool’s effectiveness in identifying a guide for implementing a service learning project is assessed by student course enrollment, course evaluation and community feedback. Based on our experience, we recommend a six-phase sequential description of the AT-EASE process: Accessing, Trying, Exploring, Applying, Seeking, and Embedding. The framework presented here is integrated into an online undergraduate-level course required of finance majors.
Cellular hemolymph response of Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to intrathoracic injection of Onchocerca lienalis (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) microfilariae

Hemolymph cellular changes in Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt in response to intrathoracic injection with Onchocerca lienalis Stiles were characterized by increased numbers of tissue fragments that contained cells embedded within a noncellular matrix. Cell numbers within the matrix fragments increased both for sham and microfilariae-injected files, indicating a blastogenic response to injection alone. Morphological characteristics of fixed, Giemsa-stained cells within these tissue fragments were most similar to those previously described for prohemocytes. The total population of freely circulating hemocytes collected 24 h after injection also responded to injection alone. Differential cell counts showed a complex pattern of changes that was influenced strongly by increased numbers of prohemocytes at 24 h in microfilariae-injected flies. Fat body fragments collected in hemocoel perfusates at 24 h were fewer when flies were maintained at 27 degrees C than at 21 degrees C. More fat body fragments were collected from microfilariae-injected flies than from control and sham-injected flies held at 27 degrees C. Injection of 1.25-5 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide per fly did not elicit similar hemolymph-associated matrix tissue and fat body changes, indicating that S. vittatum response to microfilaria infection and bacteria infection are likely to involve different mechanisms.
Effects of interfering virus and RDE upon development of toxic reactions.

Discussion and SummaryThe results reported in this paper have shown that prior injections of inactivated interfering virus or RDE into mouse brain resulted in a marked reduction in the incidence of toxic episodes usually associated with intracerebral administrations of concentrated suspensions of influenza viruses. Intracerebral injections of RDE failed to prevent toxic manifestations, however when virus was introduced by an intravenous route. The somewhat greater efficiency of RDE in suppression of toxic manifestations. as compared with inactivated virus, may possibly be a reflection of its position in the receptor gradient,. The fact that both inactivated interfering virus and RDE proved effective in protection of animals against toxic doses of virus introduced into the central nervous system might appear to suggest that intimate contact between virus and susceptible cell was essential for development of toxic reactions. If union of virus and cell is indispensable, it is apparently a fairly rapid proces...
Effect of Surface Binding on Heterogeneous DNA Melting Equilibria: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) microarrays are constructed with a surface-immobilized single-stranded probe sequence that hydrogen bonds with its complementary target strand from solution and is subsequently detected, making their hybridization equilibrium of central importance. Unexpectedly, the effect of surface immobilization is that if the sequences of probe and target are exchanged, the hybridization equilibrium shifts. Here, configurational-bias Monte Carlo simulations using a coarse-grained model for DNA were carried out for an undecamer double helix both in solution and bound to a surface to determine dissociation equilibria. Four possible surface binding orientations were independently investigated. Analysis shows that the effect of surface binding is to destabilize hydrogen-bonding interactions of bases proximal to the binding site and enhance those of distal bases due to the double helix lying flat on the surface. Results have implications for predicting surface-bound DNA hybridization equilibria.
Hydrodynamics to Outboard to Rotors To Wake Turbulence to Expert Witness: The Experiences of an Aeronautical Engineer over 60 Years

Many think of the aeronautical engineer as someone with narrow interests and expertise. Yet, most programs leading to a BS in Aerospace Engineering require a myriad of classes in diverse areas like solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, mathematics, controls and structural mechanics. Thus the “aero” engineer can do more than simply design and analyze aircraft. To illustrate the foregoing, your author would like to take advantage of the opportunity afforded by this lecture. In a sense, this is a brief condensation of his professional career to date and license is taken to use first person in the paper. I hope the paper does not come across as”blowing my own horn”. I just want to point out some of the many different and interesting experiences that I have enjoyed during more than 6o years of teaching, industrial and consulting practice
Mediastinal dissection and gastric pull-up.

This article examines mediastinal dissection and gastric pull-up, discussing disease staging and preoperative evaluation, surgical techniques, complications, and results of 50 cases in which either one of these surgeries was performed.
China as a Destination

When I was growing up in the 1960s, the toys we played with were “Made in Japan.” As I got a little older, those toys “Made in Japan” had become interesting electronics while the cheaper goods were “Made in Taiwan.” Within 20 years, those lesser-priced items were, and continue to be, “Made in China.” Over the latter part of the twentieth century, China has become the world’s center of cost-effective manufacturing. Billions of dollars of foreign direct investment has poured into China, creating an enormous low-cost manufacturing environment. But the dawn of the twenty-first century has also brought significant changes to how and why companies have entered China.
Bridging the gap between theory and practice in basic statistical process monitoring

ABSTRACTSome issues are discussed relative to the gap between theory and practice in the area of statistical process monitoring (SPM). Among other issues, it is argued that the collection and use of baseline data in Phase I needs a greater emphasis. Also, the use of sample ranges in practice to estimate process standard deviations deserves reconsideration. A discussion is given on the role of modeling in SPM. Then some work on profile monitoring and the effect of estimation error on Phase II chart performance is summarized. Finally, some ways that researchers could influence practice more effectively are discussed along with how SPM research could become more useful to practitioners.
Population Policy: Two Issues

Ethiopia is the only country in the world that has never had a population census. Neither the size of the population nor its rate of growth are known with certainty. Yet enough is known from sample surveys and fragmentary data to be able to construct the broad outlines of the country’s demographic profile.
The emerging role of the client in the delivery of primary care to older Americans.

OBJECTIVE: To address the likely influences, on options faced by older clients, of specific changes in the delivery system and several possible responses to these changes and the changed options, by older persons in the aggregate. STUDY DESIGN: Four specific topics are discussed at length: (1) the probable altered role for the older healthcare client brought on by organizational changes; (2) findings from research on elderly health maintenance behavior and reasons for the increased importance of this issue; (3) the effectiveness of the conventional approach to explaining health services utilization in population studies; and (4) recommendations for future research into the direct or indirect influence of organizational changes in the primary healthcare system on the health-related decisions and behaviors of older persons.
Parenteral exposure to DEHP and its effect on the microstructure of bone and Wnt signaling pathway in F2 female mice

Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer, and its exposure via the enteral and parenteral routes can affect estrogen function and has transgenerational effect. The bones are the most important target organs for estrogen; however, the related gene pathway and the effects of DEHP on bones remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated whether parenteral exposure to DEHP has effects on bone microarchitecture in F2 mice, and determined the related gene pathway. Pregnant mice (F0) were exposed to DEHP, at doses of 30 μg/kg/day (low dose) and 400 μg/kg/day (high dose), and corn oil during pregnancy and lactation. F2 siblings were not treated with DEHP. We performed micro-CT to analyze the microstructure of the tibial head and microarray analysis on ovary cells from F2 female siblings of 17-18 weeks of age to evaluate the gene expression. The percentage of bone volume in the low- (5.55%± 0.85%) and high-dose (7.09%±4.15%) groups was higher than that in the control (2.25%±1.22%; P< 0.05). Trabecular number (per mm2) was higher in the low- (0.87±0.12) and high-dose (0.95±0.55) groups compared to that in the control (0.37±0.21; P<0.05). Trabecular thickness was greater in the high-dose group (0.073±0.006 μm) than in the control (0.060±0.002 μm) and low-dose (0.063±0.004 μm) groups. The structure model index (SMI) of the low- and high-dose groups was significantly lower than the corresponding value in the control group (P<0.05). Micro-CT analysis indicated proliferative changes in trabecular bone in the treated F2 siblings. In the microarray analysis of ovary cells, CTNNB1 (catenin beta 1) and PPP3R1 gene expressions were significantly modified in the low- and high-dose groups. SFRP1, DVL2, WNT11, and WNT16 showed significant expression changes in the low-dose group, but not in the high-dose group. Taken together, parenteral exposure to DEHP during pregnancy and lactation could influence the trabecular bone microarchitectures of F2 siblings and affect certain genes associated with the Wnt signaling pathway.
Piper at the Gates of Dawn

Three-quarters of the way up Putney Hill (a stone’s throw, I like to think, from where the great debates were held), down a side road, misnamed ‘Avenue’, several detached houses stood in a row facing towards a council estate. Inside one of these, up the stairs, was a room from which emanated the noise of Eliot Comprehensive schoolkids meeting in their lunch break. The room was dark, a little dingy, and smelled of incense to cover the pot and cigarette smoke. The walls were covered with posters - one an advertisement for the movie ‘The Charge of the Light Brigade’, another a silkscreen of Che, and many homemade commentaries on 1970s Britain. Nothing much new there, I suppose. The sounds of music, usually of psychedelic rock, were the standard accompaniment to all that went on within. Not much new there also.
Systems engineering framework for railway control & safety systems

Traditional railway signalling and control systems have been based on fixed block train separation and lineside signals to control the movement of trains and to avoid collisions. This has historically led to a segregation of the functionalities of sub-systems such as signalling, rolling stock and control centres, with the development and delivery of each subsystem being developed and delivered with a very narrow, sequential and design-based approach that relies on a very sequential approach based on previous designs and technology‥
Monolithically Integrated 4H-SiC MOSFET and JBS Diode (JBSFET) Using a Single Ohmic/Schottky Process Scheme

This letter reports a new 900 V 4H-SiC JBSFET containing an MOSFET with an integrated JBS diode in the center area of the chip. Both MOSFET and JBS diode structures utilize the same edge termination structure,which results in 30% reduction in SiC wafer area consumption in case of 10 A rating device. In order to form a Schottky contact for the JBS diode as well as ohmic contacts for n+ source and p+ body of the MOSFET,a simple metal process flow has been newly developed. It was found that Ni can simultaneously form ohmic contacts on n+ and p+ implanted regions while it remains a Schottky contact on the n-epitaxial drift layer when it is annealed at moderate temperature (900°C for 2 min). The proposed JBSFET was successfully fabricated using a nine-mask on 6-in 4H-SiC wafers.
Second Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Vape Pen Exposure Generalizes as a Smoking Cue.

Introduction Second generation electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; also known as e-cigarettes, vaporizers or vape pens) are designed for a customized nicotine delivery experience and have less resemblance to regular cigarettes than first generation "cigalikes." The present study examined whether they generalize as a conditioned cue and evoke smoking urges or behavior in persons exposed to their use. Methods Data were analyzed in N = 108 young adult smokers (≥5 cigarettes per week) randomized to either a traditional combustible cigarette smoking cue or a second generation ENDS vaping cue in a controlled laboratory setting. Cigarette and e-cigarette urge and desire were assessed pre- and post-cue exposure. Smoking behavior was also explored in a subsample undergoing a smoking latency phase after cue exposure (N = 26). Results The ENDS vape pen cue evoked both urge and desire for a regular cigarette to a similar extent as that produced by the combustible cigarette cue. Both cues produced similar time to initiate smoking during the smoking latency phase. The ENDS vape pen cue elicited smoking urge and desire regardless of ENDS use history, that is, across ENDS naїve, lifetime or current users. Inclusion of past ENDS or cigarette use as covariates did not significantly alter the results. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that observation of vape pen ENDS use generalizes as a conditioned cue to produce smoking urge, desire, and behavior in young adult smokers. As the popularity of these devices may eventually overtake those of first generation ENDS cigalikes, exposure effects will be of increasing importance. Implications This study shows that passive exposure to a second generation ENDS vape pen cue evoked smoking urge, desire, and behavior across a range of daily and non-daily young adult smokers. Smoking urge and desire increases after vape pen exposure were similar to those produced by exposure to a first generation ENDS cigalike and a combustible cigarette, a known potent cue. Given the increasing popularity of ENDS tank system products, passive exposures to these devices will no doubt increase, and may contribute to tobacco use in young adult smokers.
Translating Interventions that Target Criminogenic Risk Factors for use in Community Based Mental Health Settings

This study explored facilitators and barriers associated with engaging criminogenic interventions in community mental health service settings. Focus groups and guided large group discussions were conducted with 46 consumers, providers and administrators. Results suggest that participants were generally supportive of offering criminogenic interventions to justice involved persons with serious mental illness in community based mental health service settings. Key issues to consider when engaging criminogenic interventions in community mental health service settings include identifying sustainable funding sources, providing adequate training for staff, and tailoring the delivery and pace of the content to the particular treatment needs of SMI participants.
Management of anomalous coronary artery from the contralateral coronary sinus.

Sudden cardiac death due to myocardial ischemia has been well documented in patients with anomalous left or right coronary arteries arising from the opposite coronary sinus (ACA). Many such patients had been asymptomatic before the fatal event, with no previous diagnosis of coronary abnormalities.
Disentanglement effects on welding behaviour of polymer melts during the fused-filament-fabrication method for additive manufacturing

Although 3D printing has the potential to transform manufacturing processes, the strength of printed parts often does not rival that of traditionally-manufactured parts. The fused-filament fabrication method involves melting a thermoplastic, followed by layer-by-layer extrusion of the molten viscoelastic material to fabricate a three-dimensional object. The strength of the welds between layers is controlled by interdiffusion and entanglement of the melt across the interface. However, diffusion slows down as the printed layer cools towards the glass transition temperature. Diffusion is also affected by high shear rates in the nozzle, which significantly deform and disentangle the polymer microstructure prior to welding. In this paper, we model non-isothermal polymer relaxation, entanglement recovery, and diffusion processes that occur post-extrusion to investigate the effects that typical printing conditions and amorphous (non-crystalline) polymer rheology have on the ultimate weld structure. Although we find the weld thickness to be of the order of the polymer size, the structure of the weld is anisotropic and relatively disentangled; reduced mechanical strength at the weld is attributed to this lower degree of entanglement.
PARÁSITOS GASTROINTESTINALES EN TAYASSU PECARI Y PECARI TAJACU DE VIDA LIBRE DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIÓSFERA Y TERRITORIO COMUNITARIO DE ORIGEN PILÓN LAJAS, BENI – BOLIVIA

La colecta de muestras biologicas de 47 tayassuidos (27 Tayassu pecari y 20 Pecari tajacu ) cazados para consumo familiar en la Reserva de la Biosfera y Tierra Comunitaria de Origen Pilon Lajas, Bolivia, permitio la identificacion de formas parasitarias inmaduras y adultas del aparato digestivo de ambas especies de ungulados. La identificacion de huevos y ooquistes parasitarios se realizo empleando los metodos cualitativos de flotacion y sedimentacion para el analisis de heces, mientras que los parasitos adultos fueron recuperados del tracto digestivo y colectados mediante el metodo de Travassos para su identificacion por morfometria. Cuatro especies de nematodos ( Texicospirura turki, Monodontus aguiari , Eucyathostomum dentatum y Ascaris sp.), un cestodo ( Moniezia benedeni ), un trematodo ( Stichor chis giganteus ) y ooquistes del genero Eimeria spp. fueron identificados. Parasitos del genero Ascaris sp. fueron detectados unicamente en T. pecari y los demas parasitos se registraron en ambas especies de tayassuidos. Los parasitos en este estudio se constituyen en nuevos reportes para ambas especies de ungulados en Bolivia. Dado el estrecho contacto existente entre los habitantes de comunidades amazonicas y tayassuidos, y dadas las caracteristicas zoonoticas de las infecciones por Ascaris, se sugiere investigar la potencial tranmisibilidad de este grupo parasito entre pecaries y personas
The Master-Slave Dialectic in Literary Theory: Historical Readings

This chapter is devoted to readings of the master-slave dialectic in literary/postcolonial theory. It begins by situating the master-slave scenario within the context of Hegel’s philosophy of history and his philosophy as a whole. It then examines two recent attempts to apply the master-slave dialectic to specific historical situations. These readings illustrate what a broad range of interpretations this dialectic can accommodate, being read on the one hand as applicable to serfdom under feudalism and, on the other hand, as referring to actual slavery in a colonial setting.
Beyond Embeddedness: When Community Engagement Governs Firm Strategy

The concept of embeddedness originally redirected scholarly attention from competition to community, revealing it to be a potent form of governance. Embeddedness theory highlights that all economic...
On a ‘failed’ attempt to manipulate visual metacognition with transcranial magnetic stimulation to prefrontal cortex

Abstract Rounis, Maniscalco, Rothwell, Passingham, and Lau (2010) reported that stimulation of prefrontal cortex impairs visual metacognition. Bor, Schwartzman, Barrett, and Seth (2017) attempted to replicate this result, but adopted an experimental design that reduced their chance of obtaining positive findings. Despite that, their results appeared initially consistent with those of Rounis et al., but they subsequently claimed it was necessary to discard ∼30% of their subjects, after which they reported a null result. Using computer simulations, we found that, contrary to their supposed purpose, excluding subjects by Bor et al.’s criteria does not reduce false positive rates. Including both their positive and negative result in a Bayesian framework, we show the correct interpretation is that PFC stimulation likely impaired visual metacognition, exactly contradicting Bor et al.’s claims. That lesion and inactivation studies demonstrate similar positive effects further suggests that Bor et al.’s reported negative finding isn’t evidence against the role of prefrontal cortex in metacognition.
NDT — An Aid to Failure Analysis

Improved performance and reliability are dependent upon the material quality characteristics of individual components, and nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques aid in predicting premature failure by the detection of critical size defects or by the detection of material property gradients which can be equally detrimental in brittle materials. However, quantitative NDT results are dependent upon a number of variables. To illustrate the effectiveness of NDT to assist with the analysis of suspect material, results of metallurgical and NDT analyses of two transmission gears are presented. Inclusions much larger than specifications allow were detected ultrasonically and confirmed metallographically. The mechanical properties and structure of the gears seemed otherwise to be consistent with good metallurgical practice.
Bell Bronzes: Reflections on a Blind Visual Arts Practice

In this article, I reflect upon the issues of beholding participatory multisensory works within the ocularcentric world of the art gallery. The sonic and haptic engagement demanded by my pieces confronts conventions of behaviour in the reception of so-called 'visual art', particularly the kind of aesthetic distancing expected of the autonomous artwork. While such notions of autonomy have been challenged since the 1960s, the curatorial challenges posed by my work reminds us of how far we have to go to cater for a truly inclusive and embodied experience of art.
Effect of water on topological constraints in silica glass

Abstract A fundamental understanding of how water interacts with glass is valuable for many practical concerns due to the myriad effects of water on glass properties. Topological constraint theory, which has been shown in prior studies to be an excellent model for various thermomechanical properties, is expanded herein to account for strain on the glass network, in this application due to unbonded interstitial species. Literature Tg data have been collected for silicate glasses containing various alkali and water contents and an expanded constraint theory model has been successfully applied to describe the effects of water on the glass transition temperature.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation and racial/ethnic disparities in food and beverage purchases.

Objective The current study aimed to (i) describe racial/ethnic disparities in household food and beverage purchases among participants and non-participants in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and (ii) examine longitudinal associations between SNAP participation and purchases by race/ethnicity. Design To describe disparities, we estimated sociodemographic-adjusted mean purchases of seven unhealthy food and beverage groups (e.g. junk food, sugar-sweetened beverages) and four nutrients (e.g. sugar, Na) among white, black and Hispanic SNAP-participating and non-participating households. To examine longitudinal associations, we used multivariable linear regression with household fixed effects. Setting USA, 2010-2014. Subjects Food and beverage purchases among low-income (≤250 % federal poverty line) US households (n 30 403) participating in the Nielsen Homescan Panel. Results Among non-participants, there were significant black-white disparities (i.e. differences favouring white households) in households' adjusted mean purchases of processed meat, sweeteners, sugar-sweetened beverages, energy and Na. These disparities persisted among SNAP participants. In contrast, the only significant Hispanic-white disparity among non-participants was for Na purchases; this disparity was reduced in magnitude and no longer significant among SNAP-participating households. Additionally, Hispanic households purchased less energy from junk foods than white households, regardless of SNAP status. In longitudinal models accounting for household fixed effects, SNAP participation was associated with increased energy purchased among black households. No other significant longitudinal associations between SNAP and purchase outcomes were observed. Conclusions SNAP may not be meeting its potential to improve food and beverage purchases or reduce disparities. Research is needed to identify strategies for ensuring nutritious purchases across all racial/ethnic groups.
γδ lymphomatoid papulosis type D: A histologic mimic of primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma.

Gamma-delta T cells represent a small subset of normal human T cells that possess a distinct T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. Their exact function has not yet been determined, but these cells are known to play a role in both the adaptive and innate immune system.1 The World Health Organization currently recognizes 2 subtypes of γδ T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma and hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma,2 both of which are rare. Primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma has an aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis, with a meager response to multiagent chemotherapy. However, with the advent of detecting TCR-γδ in paraffin-embedded sections, a few reports have shown examples of indolent γδ T-cell proliferations within the skin, namely in pityriasis lichenoides (PL) and lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP).3, 4, 5 In contrast to primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma, a retrospective study of TCR-γδ expression in cases of PL and LyP found that such cases have a benign clinical course, with most patients achieving eventual resolution of the lesions and none having lymphoma.4 Here we describe such an example, with a rare case of γδ LyP type D histopathologically mimicking primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma but having an indolent clinical course. This case further highlights the expanding classification scheme of LyP and aims to bring awareness to this newly described entity to allow distinction from primary cutaneous γδ T-cell lymphoma.
Carnap’s Machist “Phase”

Rudolf Carnap was born in 1891 in Ronsdorf near Barmen in Northwest Germany. He was the 14th and last child of Johann Sebulon Carnap (1826–1898). The father was a self-made man in the weaving business who became wealthy late in life, which after the death of his first two wives allowed him to marry (1887) into a well-educated familyl which included a prominent educator and archaeologist.2 After his death, Anna nee Dorpfeld, his third wife, a poet, teacher, and writer, tutored young Rudolf for three years. In Gymnasium his favorite subjects seem to have been Latin and mathematics.3 He studied at the universities of Jena and Freiburg from 1910 to 1914.4 He remembered that Bruno Bauch at Jena had taught him Kant’s philosophy and Hermann Nohl had discussed Hegel’s views, but it was Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) who impresed him most.5 He told Carnap about a new kind of formal logic which “could serve for the construction of the whole of mathematics”. 6
Septic arthritis of the pediatric hip: Re-evaluating a predictive algorithm

Purpose: Pediatric septic arthritis of the hip (SAH) remains an emergent condition with significant sequelae if missed in the acute setting. Definitive diagnosis requires an invasive procedure, thus making clinical evaluation and suspicion extremely important. While many algorithms exist to assist in this clinical diagnosis, there is no single agreed upon set of predictive criteria. Methods: Following institutional review board approval, a retrospective chart analysis was …
Analysis of skin morphological features and real-time monitoring using snapshot hyperspectral imaging

We propose a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system and methods for skin morphological feature analysis and real-time monitoring of skin activities. The analysis method includes a strategy using weighted subtractions between sub-channel images to extract absorption information due to specific chromophores within skin tissue, for example hemoglobin and melanin. Based on morphological analysis results, we carry out real-time monitoring of the skin features to verify the ability of this method to provide temporal responses of the skin tissue activities, which is experimentally shown to be useful in the measurement of heartrate, monitoring of the tissue recovery after a body exercise, and studying of the tissue response due to a vascular occlusion. Compared to conventional multispectral imaging system, the proposed system improves the device simplicity and is immune to motion artifacts. Coupled with the extraction algorithms, the hyperspectral imaging promises a robust skin assessment tool with abilities for qualitative visualization and potentially quantitative analysis of skin features, useful in the applications of cosmetics and clinical dermatology.
Phase field modeling of crack propagation in shape memory ceramics – Application to zirconia

Abstract Shape memory ceramics (SMCs) are promising candidates for actuators in extreme environments such as high temperature and corrosive applications. Despite outstanding energy dissipation, compared to metallic shape memory materials, SMCs suffer from a sudden brittle fracture. While the interaction of crack propagation and phase transformation in SMCs have been subject of several experimental and theoretical studies, mainly at the macroscale, the fundamental understanding of the dynamic interaction of crack propagation and martensitic transformation is poorly understood. In this work, we use the phase field framework to fully couple the martensitic transformation to the variational formulation of brittle fracture. The model is parameterized for single crystal zirconia which experiences tetragonal to monoclinic transformation during crack propagation. For the mode I of fracture, the opening mode, crack shows an unusual propagation path that is in good agreement with the experiments and indicates the significant role of phase transformation on the crack propagation path. The investigation on the effect of lattice orientation on crack propagation shows that the lattice orientation has a significant influence not only on the crack propagation path but also on the magnitude of the transformation toughening. In a constrained crystal the maximum (minimum) toughening, under mode I loading, occurs when the crystal lattice orientation makes the angle of 50 (90) degrees with the crack surface.
Validation of a subclassification for high-risk prostate cancer in a prospective cohort

Background A subgroup of men with favorable high-risk prostate cancer (T1c with either a Gleason score of 4 + 4 = 8 and a prostate-specific antigen [PSA] level 20 ng/mL) has been associated with improved outcomes in comparison with other standard high-risk patients. This study was designed to validate the prognostic utility of a subclassification for high-risk disease with a prospectively collected data set. Methods This study identified 3033 men from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial who had been diagnosed from 1993 to 2001 with clinically localized prostate cancer-either intermediate-risk disease (clinical stage T2b-c, a Gleason score of 7, or a PSA level of 10 to 20 ng/mL) or high-risk disease (clinical stage T3-T4, a Gleason score of 8-10, or a PSA level >20 ng/mL)-that was managed with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for pathological T3 to T4 or N1 (pT3-T4/pN1) disease. Fine and Gray competing risks regression was used to determine adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). Results The median follow-up was 5.7 years. Patients with favorable high-risk disease had lower 8-year PCSM in comparison with patients with standard high-risk disease (2.2% vs 10.8%; aHR, 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09-0.73; P = .01) but similar PCSM in comparison with patients with intermediate-risk disease (2.2% vs 2.2%; aHR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.32-2.54; P = .84). Among those who underwent surgery, those with favorable high-risk disease had lower odds of pT3-T4/pN1 disease than those with standard high-risk disease (46.2% vs 63.3%; aOR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27-0.94; P = .03). Conclusions This study validates the prognostic utility of a subclassification for high-risk disease in a prospectively collected patient cohort. Patients with favorable high-risk disease have PCSM similar to that of patients with intermediate-risk disease and significantly better than that of patients with standard high-risk disease. Future trials are needed to assess possible de-intensification of therapy for favorable high-risk disease.
The Search for Internal Stability in Reinforced Soil

Professor Jonathan Wu’s career was devoted to rigorous development of internal stability in reinforced soil as a new and evolving technology. This paper presents two of Professor Wu’s students’ work on the search for internal stability by tracing his work. Engineering design of reinforced soil originated in France with Schlosser and Vidal in the late 1960s. The first designs were based on a simple limit state method. Analyzing test data, Schlosser later found that the limit method was insufficient and that internal stability involves stiffness. Wu found that stiffness was affected by reinforcement spacing. Settlement or collapse is shown in examples that violate this spacing criterion. Initial analysis and validation involved geosynthetic sheets, but these were extended to other materials and to strip reinforcement. The analysis has been validated both by laboratory data and by field observations. These findings corroborate those of international companies in the reinforced soil community, but they are often incompatible with code in North America. The studies and discussions presented in this paper are further enhanced with the most current testing and work to confirm Professor’s Wu insights and visions.
Cause of death in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage survivors: Multistate longitudinal study.

Objective: To determine the leading causes of death in ICH survivors, we used administrative data from three large US states to identify adult survivors of a first-time spontaneous ICH and track all hospital readmissions resulting in death. Methods: We performed a longitudinal analysis of prospectively collected claims data from hospitalizations in California (2005-2011), New York (2005-2014) and Florida (2005-2014). Adult, state residents admitted with a non-traumatic ICH who survived to discharge were included. Patients were followed for a primary outcome of any readmission resulting in death. The cause of death was defined as the primary diagnosis assigned at discharge. Multivariable cox proportional hazards and multinomial logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with the risk and cause for death. Results: Of 72,432 ICH survivors (mean age 68 [SD 16], 48% female), 12,753 (18%) died during a median follow-up period of 4.0 years (IQR 2.3-6.3). The leading causes of death were infection (34%), recurrent intracranial hemorrhage (14%), cardiac disease (8%), respiratory failure (8%), and ischemic stroke (5%). Death in patients with AF was more likely to be caused by ischemic stroke (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9-2.9, p Conclusions: Infection is the leading cause of death in all ICH survivors. Survivors with AF were at increased risk for death by ischemic stroke. These findings will help to prioritize interventions aimed to improve long-term survival and recovery in ICH survivors.
Technologies of Language Meet Ideologies of Law (Symposium: Law, Language, and Technology)

A new technology of interpretation is taking the legal world by storm. Legal corpus linguistics, an approach generally unknown in the field until a few years ago, has suddenly become a focus for articles, conferences, legal briefs, and even judicial opinions. Taking advantage of evolving computational approaches and data collection abilities, legal corpus linguistics searches big data sets of language use to help interpret legal texts. This Article puts legal corpus linguistics in the context of other meaning-making technologies and suggests an approach for analyzing any technology of language in the law. One of my aims is to caution against technological exceptionalism—a view that computerized, automated, or big-data approaches are somehow special, perhaps more trustworthy, less subjective, and most likely to succeed. Rather, I argue that we should ask the same questions, and make the same demands, of any method of interpretation. As science and technology studies (STS) and related scholarship has demonstrated, technology is not neutral or passive. It is a cause in its own right. That makes it particularly important to examine the underlying assumptions that help construct, and are perpetuated through, a given technology. To elucidate these points, I draw on theorists who have influenced our understandings of the production of knowledge and technological development, showing how he key contributions by Bruno Latour, Ian Hacking, and Michel Foucault should inform our evaluation of legal language technologies. I then introduce legal corpus linguistics, describing its origins in academic linguistics and the somewhat different way it has been practiced in legal interpretation. Having laid this groundwork, I ask how we should evaluate this emerging technology in legal interpretation. I argue that legal corpus linguistics fails to coherently relate its methods, questions, aims, and claims. Moreover, it inscribes a peculiar view of legal meaning: a narrow, asocial, and abstracted notion of things that are in fact broad, social, and practice-based. The illusion of simplicity that legal corpus linguistics propagates undermines our evolving understanding of the real complexities of law and leaves out participants and contexts that are crucial to the production of law as a social force. To probe its implications further, I then put legal corpus linguistics in the context of some other ways of giving laws meaning. I choose two that sit at the extremes of simplicity and complexity: dictionary definitions, on the one hand, and administrative rulemaking procedures, on the other. These may seem unrelated or incommensurable, but in fact they all are technologies of legal interpretation that should be considered in comparison to one another. Comparison also helps illuminate those aspects of legal corpus linguistics that fit it snugly into particular legal ideologies, but blind it to the realities of how law functions in society.