cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polymer spherulites: A critical review

Abstract Polymeric and non-polymeric materials often crystallize as spherulites when crystallized from viscous melts or solutions at large undercooling. The essential component of a spherulite is fibrillar crystals that grow in predominantly radial directions and branch irregularly. We review the growth, branching and twisting of crystals in the light of theoretical and experimental advances of the last decade, while maintaining an appreciation for historical context. The crucial role of self-generated fields ahead of the crystal–melt interface is developed. Pressure gradients from volume contraction have been treated, as well as impurity gradients ahead of a growing crystal; fibril width W is predicted and found to be proportional to δ1/2, where the diffusion length δ = D/G, the quotient of diffusivity and growth rate, conveys the extent of the field gradient. Ribbon-like spherulite radii grow at a constant rate under diffusion-coupled interface control. Non-crystallographic branching is required to maintain the volume occupied by fibrillar crystals as the spherulite radius increases. Topological giant screw dislocations and induced nucleation at cilia tethered to crystals are observed mechanisms leading to branching normal to the wide dimension of lamellar crystals; but the relative importance of each of these is not yet established. Repetitive tip splitting by kinetic interface instability has been suggested as a branching mechanism in the wide dimension of lamellar crystals. Larger molecular mass reduces the spherulite growth rate, more so at low undercoolings, for reasons that remain unresolved. Miscible diluents often profoundly reduce G by lowering both thermodynamic driving force and local transport dynamics that govern the secondary nucleation rate. Spherulite blend morphology is linked to the competition between radial growth rate G and diffusivity D of the diluent, expressed as the diffusion length δ. Polymer crystals in which chain helices all have the same sense show banded spherulites, as do crystals in which the chain axes are not perpendicular to the basal surfaces. Recent analyses with optical birefringence and X-ray micro-diffraction support the presence of helicoidally twisted ribbons, although other structural arrangements have sometimes been revealed by microscopy. Assessments of twist directions in spherulites of chiral polymers point to unbalanced basal surface stress as the source of twisting, although a general mechanical analysis is lacking. Another twisting model employs regular arrays of isochiral giant screw dislocations; results are mixed for this model.
Conducting Prevention Research and Evaluation in Schools

In a time when schools are experiencing the burden of multiple high-priority initiatives and, in many cases, tight budgets, federal priorities to increase evidence for programs and to promote educationally relevant research are increasing the research demands on schools. Given the increasing pressures experienced by schools, researchers need to carefully and artfully plan their work to maximize chances for success. This chapter presents some real-world challenges and solutions from research partnerships carried out with schools and districts including describing some considerations in maintaining the integrity of experimental designs in schools. We organize the chapter around a four-phase process of research with schools that includes (1) planning (building authentic partnerships with schools), (2) recruitment, (3) data collection, and (4) communication. At each phase, it is important for researchers to be open to educators’ ideas and ensure that the research serves the educators’ as well as the researchers’ mission. Our recommendations for researchers emphasize (1) respectful of school culture and customs; (2) patient if your study is not the school’s first priority; (3) authentic in your intentions to improve student outcomes, and to build positive relationships with school personnel; (4) persistent in engaging across seasons and across turnover of school/district leaders; and (5) demonstrably grateful to school staff for their participation and partnership in your study.
Poliomyelitis viruses in tissue culture. III. Susceptibility of testicular tissue from immune monkeys.

SummaryThe titration endpoints of Brunhilde (type 1), Y-SK (type 2), and Leon (type 3) poliomyelitis viruses were uniformly reproducible in roller tube cultures of testicular tissue from 31 of the 34 monkeys tested. The tissue of approximately 10% of the monkeys tested was “incompletely” susceptible to the poliomyelitis viruses. This insusceptible state could not be attributed to the presence of serum antibody. Testicular tissue obtained from immune monkeys supported growth of all 3 antigenic types of poliomyelitis virus comparable to that obtained in tissue of nonimmune monkeys.
Transmission of Electronic Effects through the {closo-1-CB9} and {closo-1-CB11} Cages: Apparent Dissociation Constants for Series of [closo-1-CB9H8-1-COOH-10-X] and [closo-1-CB11H10-1-COOH-12-X] Acids

The apparent ionization constants pKa′ for series of carboxylic acids [closo-1-CB9H8-1-COOH-10-X]− (1) and [closo-1-CB11H10-1-COOH-12-X]− (2), where X = H, I, n-C6H13, +NMe3, +N2, +SMe2, OC5H11, were measured in EtOH/H2O (1/1, v/v) at 24 °C. Correlation analysis of the pKa′ values using Hammett substituent constants σp(X) gave the reaction constant ρ = 0.87 ± 0.04 for series 1 and ρ = 1.00 ± 0.09 for series 2. These values are higher than for derivatives of PhCH═CHCOOH (ρ = 0.70 ± 0.09 in 55% EtOH) and correspond to 56% and 65% efficiencies in transmission of electronic effects by [closo-1-CB9H10]− (E) and [closo-1-CB11H12]− (F), respectively, as compared to benzene (A). Experimental results were supported with DFT calculations of relative acidity for series of acids derived from A, E, and F in aqueous medium.
Citrovorum Factor and Folic Acid in Treatment of Megaloblastic Anemia in Infancy.

Summary1. Citrovorum factor in parenterally administered doses of 75 μg daily produced a remission in 2 patients with megaloblastic anemia of infancy. 2. Folic acid was effective in 2 cases of this syndrome at oral dose levels of 500 μg and 200 μg daily.
Tuning Resistive Switching Characteristics of Tantalum Oxide Memristors through Si Doping

An oxide memristor device changes its internal state according to the history of the applied voltage and current. The principle of resistive switching (RS) is based on ion transport (e.g., oxygen vacancy redistribution). To date, devices with bi-, triple-, or even quadruple-layered structures have been studied to achieve the desired switching behavior through device structure optimization. In contrast, the device performance can also be tuned through fundamental atomic-level design of the switching materials, which can directly affect the dynamic transport of ions and lead to optimized switching characteristics. Here, we show that doping tantalum oxide memristors with silicon atoms can facilitate oxygen vacancy formation and transport in the switching layer with adjustable ion hopping distance and drift velocity. The devices show larger dynamic ranges with easier access to the intermediate states while maintaining the extremely high cycling endurance (>1010 set and reset) and are well-suited for neuromorp...
Trajectory Optimization for Multiple Vehicles Using a Reduced Order Formulation

Different methods of optimizing terrain following and terrain masking trajectories have been investigated as an extension of earlier reduced order formulations. This paper examines simultaneous control of two aircraft maneuvering in the same terrain section, including cases where the coordinated arrivals at a given target are desired. In all cases, both vehicles are flying at a constant velocity. Two forms of the equations of motion are investigated – a simplified form and a local tangent plane set. In addition, the trajectories are optimized with respect to two different criteria – a minimum time case and a terrain masking case.
"Succeeding in Employee Entrepreneurship: Learning, Selection, and Management"

This symposium is composed of four papers that closely examine important aspects of employee entrepreneurship, including (1) the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills from specific work experience,...
A Situated Approach to the Understanding of Dynamic Situations

Situation awareness (SA) is an operator’s understanding of “what is going on” as he or she manages a complex, dynamic system. In what follows, the case for a situated approach to SA is presented. It claims operators rely on interactions between internal and external representations to maintain their understanding of situations. It is argued that this approach allows researchers to capture two different types of SA—one where operators store SA information directly and one where the information is offloaded but the operator internally represents where to access it from the world and can do so quickly. This position takes a broader unit of analysis on SA than the widely cited Three-Level Model, which claims that only if information is stored internally does it count as SA. We also discuss how to assess SA in situated agents, focusing on the Situation Present Assessment Method (SPAM). We end by discussing some of the potentially fruitful research questions that arise as a result of taking a situated approach ...
Comparison of the active sites of the purified carnitine acyltransferases from peroxisomes and mitochondria by using a reaction-intermediate analogue

The carnitine acyltransferases contribute to the modulation of the acyl-CoA/CoA ratio in various cell compartments with consequent effects on many aspects of fatty acid metabolism. The properties of the enzymes are different in each location. The kinetic mechanisms and kinetic parameters for the carnitine acyltransferases purified from peroxisomes (COT) and from the mitochondrial inner membrane (CPT-II) were determined. Product-inhibition studies established that COT follows a rapid-equilibrium random-order mechanism, but CPT-II follows a strictly ordered mechanism in which acyl-CoA or CoA must bind before the carnitine substrate. Hemipalmitoylcarnitinium [(+)-HPC], a prototype tetrahedral intermediate analogue of the acyltransferase reaction, inhibits CPT-II 100-fold better than COT. (+)-HPC behaves as an analogue of palmitoyl-L-carnitine with COT. In contrast, with CPT-II(+)-HPC binds more tightly to the enzyme than do substrates or products, suggesting that it is a good model for the transition state and, unlike palmitoyl-L-carnitine, (+)-HPC can bind to the free enzyme. The data support the concept of three binding domains for the acyltransferases, a CoA site, an acyl site and a carnitine site. The CoA site is similar in COT and CPT-II, but there are distinct differences between the carnitine-binding site which may dictate the kinetic mechanism.
Survey on Calyptratae Flies from Erlang Mountain Area of Sichuan

The mist net catching and entomological classification principles and methods were used to study Calyptratae species occured in Erlang Mountain area of Sichuan province.The results showed there were 307 flies species,belonging to 8 families 25 subfamilies and 93 genera,among of them 197 are native species(including 132 new recorded species) which accounted 64.16% for known 307 species;132 species were reported for the first time in Erlang Mountian area,accounting for 42.99%.Most Calyptratae flies in Erlang Mountain area belong to Oriental region.There were three peaks in investigate period on the adult flies seasonal fluctuation of density: first in May to June;second in July and third in August to September.The dominant species of fly were Eudasyphora kempi,Musca domestica and Calliphora vomitoria.The larvae of Scathophaga stercoraria,Paregle densibarbata and Helicophagella melanura may overwinter under the breeding ground covering with snows.This survey preliminary studied the flies fauna,distribution and other relative characteristics in Erlang Mountain area.Erlang Mountain belongs to the Hengduan Mountain area,and the topography and landforms are complex,the biological diversity is rich,the Calyptratae should be deeply researched in this area.
Proofs of Properties

We wish to establish the properties in the table on conditional independence, given a random vector. We first show the equivalence of (CI1) through (CI4), then consider the extensions to (CI5) through (CI9).
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)

A novel procedure, combining the decreased invasiveness of endoscopic access with the reliability of a surgical myotomy, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) represents a potential paradigm shift in the management of idiopathic achalasia and other esophageal motor disorders. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of gastroenterologists and surgeons is essential to confirming candidacy for POEM and appropriately counseling patients on expected outcomes, including the lack of long-term outcome data. The key steps of the procedure are detailed, including initial esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), safe access to the submucosal space, creation of a submucosal tunnel extending at least 3 cm onto the gastric cardia, selective myotomy of the inner circular muscle fibers, and closure of the mucosotomy. Infrequently encountered complications, including bleeding and inadvertent mucosotomy, are also discussed.
Cerebral Spinal Fluid in Stroke

This chapter describes the role of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in stroke. In ischemic stroke, CSF analysis is indicated in patients with suspected autoimmune–inflammatory or infectious diseases. Primary or secondary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies with acute focal neurologic signs can be differentiated by CSF cytology and biochemical testing. In the investigation of patients with suspected atherothrombosis or embolism from different sources, CSF analysis is largely unrewarding and should not be routinely performed. If the size of the necrotic area is large or there is evidence of edema with mass effect on initial computerized tomography, or the location of the lesion is near the temporal lobes, lumbar puncture is contraindicated. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a variety of underlying diseases such as systemic hypertension, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, coagulopathies, CNS metastasis, and vascular malformations. The diagnosis is made based on noninvasive neuroimaging studies. CT scan has a high sensitivity and has become the study of choice for initial diagnosis in the acute setting if ICH is suspected. The CSF analysis often shows increased number of erythrocytes, elevated concentration of protein, and elevated opening pressure. In septic thrombophlebitis, the CSF profile is similar to the changes associated with other types of bacterial meningitis.
A carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) mutant causes chronic pancreatitis by forming intracellular aggregates that activate apoptosis

Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) frequently have genetic risk factors for disease. Many of the identified genes have been connected to trypsinogen activation or trypsin inactivation. The description of CP in patients with mutations in the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) domain of carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) presents an opportunity to study the pathogenesis of CP independently of trypsin pathways. We tested the hypothesis that a deletion and frameshift mutation (C563fsX673) in the CEL VNTR causes CP through proteotoxic gain-of-function activation of maladaptive cell signaling pathways including cell death pathways. HEK293 or AR42J cells were transfected with constructs expressing CEL with 14 repeats in the VNTR (CEL14R) or C563fsX673 CEL (CEL maturity onset diabetes of youth with a deletion mutation in the VNTR (MODY)). In both cell types, CEL MODY formed intracellular aggregates. Secretion of CEL MODY was decreased compared with that of CEL14R. Expression of CEL MODY increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, activated the unfolded protein response, and caused cell death by apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that disorders of protein homeostasis can lead to CP and suggest that novel therapies to decrease the intracellular accumulation of misfolded protein may be successful in some patients with CP.
Hemothorax following lung transplantation: incidence, risk factors, and effect on morbidity and mortality

Hemothorax after lung transplantation may result in increased post-operative morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for developing hemothorax and the outcomes of patients who develop hemothorax have not been well studied. A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients who underwent lung transplantation at a single center between March 2009 and July 2014. Comparison was made between patients with and without hemothorax post-transplant. There were 132 lung transplantations performed during the study period. Hemothorax was a complication in 17 (12.9 %) patients, occurring an average of 9 days after transplant. No difference was found between the hemothorax and non-hemothorax groups with respect to age, preoperative anticoagulation, lung allocation score, prior thoracotomy, coagulation profile, use of cardiopulmonary bypass, ischemic time, or postoperative P/F ratio. There was a trend towards a higher incidence of hemothorax in patients with underlying sarcoidosis and re-transplantation (p = 0.13 and 0.17, respectively). Hemothorax developed early (<48 h post-operatively) in 5 patients and presented in a delayed manner (≥48 h post-operatively) in 12 patients. Delayed hemothorax occurred primarily in the setting of anticoagulation (10 out of 12 patients). The hemothorax group had decreased ventilator-free days (p = 0.006), increased ICU length of stay (p = 0.01) and increased hospital length of stay (p = 0.005). Hemothorax was also associated with reduced 90-day survival (p = 0.001), but similar 1, 3, and 5-year survival (p = 0.63, p = 0.30, and p = 0.25), respectively). The development of hemothorax is associated with increased morbidity and decreased short-term survival. Hemothorax may present either within the first 48 h after surgery or in a delayed fashion, most commonly in the setting of anticoagulation.
Realizing critical business information literacy: Opportunities, definitions, and best practices

ABSTRACTWhat does it mean to be an ethical businessperson, and how does an ethical businessperson create, locate, organize, and evaluate business information? Critical business information literacy (CBIL) is the application of social justice to business information literacy. This article seeks to define, discuss, and realize CBIL by tracing the literatures of critical librarianship, critical management, and corporate social responsibility. To establish best practices, the authors drew upon applications of CBIL at four institutions of different size, geography, and scale. The intent is to provide spaces and foundations for further CBIL application and discussion.
Vertex Operator Algebras, Modular Forms and Moonshine

This paper comprises a more-or-less verbatim account of four lectures on monstrous moonshine that I gave in a mini course prior to the main Heidelberg conference.
Advancing health care quality and safety through action learning.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how action learning can be practically applied to quality and safety challenges at a large academic medical health system and become fundamentally integrated with an institution’s broader approach to quality and safety. Design/methodology/approach The authors describe how the fundamental principles of action learning have been applied to advancing quality and safety in health care at a large academic medical institution. The authors provide an academic contextualization of action learning in health care and then transition to how this concept can be practically applied to quality and safety by providing detailing examples at the unit, cross-functional and executive levels. Findings The authors describe three unique approaches to applying action learning in the comprehensive unit-based safety program, clinical communities and the quality management infrastructure. These examples, individually, provide discrete ways to integrate action learning in the advancement of quality and safety. However, more importantly when combined, they represent how action learning can form the basis of a learning health system around quality and safety. Originality/value This study represents the broadest description of action learning applied to the quality and safety literature in health care and provides detailed examples of its use in a real-world context.
Managing limited-perspective bias in IT

We define limited-perspective bias (LPB) as a human tendency to overestimate the completeness of what we know and to act on our own (limited) perspective of what is important. This bias contributes to ineffective decision-making, especially in the IT arena. Elements of interdependence, uncertainty, ambiguity, role incompatibility, and a deadline-driven work pace set the stage for occurrences of LPB in IT. To aid in our understanding and awareness of LPB, we examine its occurrence within two contemporary IT contexts (technology implementation projects and retention of IT professionals), discussing ways in which LPB can create problems and, more importantly, ways to minimize LPB. We conclude by summarizing the basic pattern of our advice for managing limited-perspective bias in IT.
Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in patients with schizophrenia.

Aim To compare the prevalence of diabetes in patients with schizophrenia treated at a community mental health center with controls in the same metropolitan area and to examine the effect of antipsychotic exposure on diabetes prevalence in schizophrenia patients. Methods The study was a comprehensive chart review of psychiatric notes of patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder treated at a psychosis program in a community mental health center. Data collected included psychiatric diagnoses, diabetes mellitus diagnosis, medications, allergies, primary care status, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), substance use and mental status exam. Local population data was downloaded from the Centers for Disease Control Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Statistical methods used were χ2 test, Student's t test, general linear model procedure and binary logistic regression analysis. Results The study sample included 326 patients with schizophrenia and 1899 subjects in the population control group. Demographic data showed control group was on average 7.6 years older (P = 0.000), more Caucasians (78.7% vs 38.3%, P = 0.000), and lower percentage of males (40.7% vs 58.3%, P = 0.000). Patients with schizophrenia had a higher average BMI than the subjects in the population control (32.11, SD = 7.72 vs 27.62, SD = 5.93, P = 0.000). Patients with schizophrenia had a significantly higher percentage of obesity (58.5% vs 27%, P = 0.000) than the population group. The patients with schizophrenia also had a much higher rate of diabetes compared to population control (23.9% vs 12.2%, P = 0.000). After controlling for age sex, and race, having schizophrenia was still associated with increased risk for both obesity (OR = 3.25, P = 0.000) and diabetes (OR = 2.42, P = 0.000). The increased risk for diabetes remained even after controlling for obesity (OR = 1.82, P = 0.001). There was no difference in the distribution of antipsychotic dosage, second generation antipsychotic use or multiple antipsychotic use within different BMI categories or with diabetes status in the schizophrenia group. Conclusion This study demonstrates the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in schizophrenia patients and indicates that antipsychotics may not be the only contributor to this risk.
Lung Cancer Epidemiologic Changes: Implications in Diagnosis and Therapy

Despite significant progress in diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer remains a disease with significant economic and health burdens. Globally, the latest data from the WHO World Cancer Report indicate that there were an estimated 1.8 million lung cancer deaths (20% of total cancer deaths) in 2012, making it the leading cause of cancer death in men in 87 countries and women in 26 countries [1].
New optical fiber for short distance network and elevated temperature environment

New bend insensitive multimode optical fiber with a core diameter of 80 μm, numerical aperture of 0.29, and mid temperature acrylate coating (operating temperatures up to +200°C) is proposed for short distance networks with a bandwidth of 10 Gb/s or more for distances up to 100 m.
“I'm a normal autistic person, not an abnormal neurotypical”: Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis as biographical illumination

Building on Michael Bury's "biographical disruption" and Kathy Charmaz's "loss of self," which describe the deteriorative impacts of chronic illness on perceptions of selfhood, I propose "biographical illumination"-a transformed conceptualization of self and identity that is facilitated by but extends beyond medical meaning, enriching personal biography and social relationships. The concept is perhaps most applicable to experiences with neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions in which brain difference and personhood are perceived to be closely intertwined. In this study, biographical illumination is used to describe the experiences of autistic adults who learned of their Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnosis during teen years or adulthood. Through an ASD lens, participants found explanation for their atypicality and developed a more valued self-concept. Learning of the condition did not disrupt their biography; rather, it became integral to and constitutive of it. With a new self-concept, participants re-gauged personal expectations for normalization and accessed communities of alike others, forging relationships that affirmed identity.
Development of a nationally representative set of combined building energy and indoor air quality models for U.S. residences

Abstract Americans spend most of their time inside residences where they are exposed to a number of pollutants of both indoor and outdoor origin. Residential buildings also account for ∼20% of the primary energy consumed in the U.S. To provide a tool for future investigations of interactions between energy use and indoor air quality (IAQ) in homes across the U.S. population, we developed a custom set of nationally representative building energy and IAQ mass balance models that predict annual energy use for space conditioning and indoor concentrations of a number of pollutants of both indoor and outdoor origin across the U.S. residential building stock. The residential energy and indoor air quality (REIAQ) model framework is built in Python and integrates between EnergyPlus and a dynamic mass balance model. REIAQ utilizes historical weather data to predict hourly energy consumption, air change rates, and HVAC system runtimes, which are coupled with historical outdoor pollutant concentration data and assumptions for indoor emission sources and other factors to predict hourly indoor pollutant concentrations. Modeled indoor pollutants include PM2.5, UFPs, O3, NO2, and several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and aldehydes. The REIAQ model set successfully predicted annual space conditioning energy consumption for the U.S. residential building stock within ∼2% of historical data. Modeled indoor concentrations, infiltration factors for outdoor contaminants, and indoor/outdoor ratios of each pollutant all matched closely with observations from prior field studies. Population-weighted annual average indoor pollutant concentrations were also used to estimate the chronic health burden of residential indoor exposures.
The Role of Human Milk Fortification for Premature Infants

This article focuses on the current experience with the use of fortified milk in feeding premature infants. The use of fortified human milk provides the premature infant adequate growth, nutrient retention, and biochemical indices of nutritional status when fed at approximately 180 mL/kg/d compared with unfortified human milk. When compared with preterm formula, the feeding of fortified human milk may provide significant protection from infection and necrotizing enterocolitis. Neonatal centers should encourage the feeding of fortified milk for premature infants. Skin-to-skin contact is a reasonable method to enhance milk production while potentially facilitating the development of an enteromammary response.
On Reflector Surface Compensation by Minimal Probing of Subreflector Field in Dual Reflector Antennas

This paper presents the results of a theoretical study on the feasibility of probing the field at a limited number of points on a small subreflector surface to obtain information about the main reflector surface distortion. This information is used to provide a phase error profile across the subreflector surface that can compensate for the main reflector errors. This can be achieved by using an array of elements such as patch antennas that can cause a phase shift between the incoming and outgoing field. The example of a flat subreflector and a parabolic main reflector (a Newtonian dual reflector system) is considered. The surface synthesis will utilize geometrical (ray) optics while the required analysis is based on physical optics. The subreflector is assumed to be a reflectarray covered with reconfigurable patch elements. The phase change on the subreflector can be detected by a small number of receiving patch elements. It is shown that by probing this change at a few selected positions on the subreflector, the full range of phase error can be recovered and subsequently used to change the phase of all the patch elements covering the subreflector plane to compensate for main reflector errors. This is done by using a version of sampling theorem on the circular aperture, which has been developed as part of this work. The sampling is performed on the phase error function on the circular aperture of the main reflector. A sampling method is developed, using Zernike polynomials, which provides for an exact retrieval of the coefficients of up to any given orders from a set of selected points on main aperture in polar coordinates. The corresponding points on subreflector are then obtained, and by probing the fields at these points, a set of phase values are determined that are then transferred back to the main reflector aperture for recovering the phase function. Once this function is recovered, the corresponding phase values at all the points on the subreflector are calculated and can be applied to the array of phase shifting patch elements to compensate for main surface errors. Numerical calculations and graphicexamples are provided. (5 pages)
FAP and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

This chapter explores the intersections of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP; Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991; Tsai et al., 2009 ) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT; Linehan, 1993a, 1993b ) with a focus on how training and experience with each model can enhance work with the other.
Loss of the TAM Receptor Axl Ameliorates Severe Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Reduces Apoptosis in Microglia

The TAM receptor, Axl, has been implicated as a candidate entry receptor for Zika virus (ZIKV) infection but has been shown as inessential for virus infection in mice. To probe the role of Axl in murine ZIKV infection, we developed a mouse model lacking the Axl receptor and the interferon alpha/beta receptor (Ifnar-/-Axl-/-), conferring susceptibility to ZIKV. This model validated that Axl is not required for murine ZIKV infection and that mice lacking Axl are resistant to ZIKV pathogenesis. This resistance correlates to lower pro-interleukin-1β production and less apoptosis in microglia of ZIKV-infected mice. This apoptosis occurs through both intrinsic (caspase 9) and extrinsic (caspase 8) manners, and is age dependent, as younger Axl-deficient mice are susceptible to ZIKV pathogenesis. These findings suggest that Axl plays an important role in pathogenesis in the brain during ZIKV infection and indicates a potential role for Axl inhibitors as therapeutics during viral infection.
Letter to the Editor: Expression and assignment of the 1H, 15N, and 13C resonances of the C-terminal domain of the diphtheria toxin repressor

The diphtheria toxin repressor (DtxR) is an ironactivated protein that functions as a global regulator of iron-sensitive genes in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. DtxR exists as an inactive, monomeric apo-protein incapable of binding DNA in the absence of iron but binds metal, dimerizes, and forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding element in the presence of Fe2+ (Tao et al., 1994). The structure and function of DtxR is of interest because it is the best-characterized member of a family of functionally homologous proteins that regulate iron uptake and virulence gene expression in the gram-positive bacteria. DtxR contains 226 amino acid residues per monomeric unit that fold into two structural domains separated by a linker (Schiering et al., 1995; Qiu et al., 1996). The N-terminal domain provides the DNA binding and dimer interface. Divalent metals are bound at two distinct sites within the N-terminal domain. In contrast, the structure and function of the Cterminal domain are less well defined. We are using multi-dimensional heteronuclear NMR to determine the structure of the C-terminal domain in solution as a prelude to functional studies. Here we report the sequential 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments for the C-terminal domain (residues N130–L226) of DtxR.
A Novel Phase-Map to Increase the Efficiency of Random Metasurfaces

We report on using a statistical approach to obtain a novel phase-map addressing the near-field coupling between elements and improving the efficiency of random metasurfaces compared to the conventional ones designed by periodic phase-map.© 2019 The Author(s)
Dual task effects on story retell for participants with moderate, mild, or no aphasia: Quantitative and qualitative findings

Purpose The aims of the study were to determine dual-task effects on content accuracy, delivery speed, and perceived effort during narrative discourse in people with moderate, mild, or no aphasia and to explore subjective reactions to retelling a story with a concurrent task. Method Two studies (1 quantitative and 1 qualitative) were conducted. In Study 1, participants with mild or moderate aphasia and neurotypical controls retold short stories in isolation and while simultaneously distinguishing between high and low tones. Story retell accuracy (speech productivity and efficiency), speed (speech rate, repetitions, and pauses), and perceived effort were measured and compared. In Study 2, participants completed semistructured interviews about their story retell experience. These interviews were recorded, transcribed orthographically, and coded qualitatively using thematic analysis. Results The dual task interfered more with spoken language of people with aphasia than controls, but different speed-accuracy trade-off patterns were noted. Participants in the moderate aphasia group reduced accuracy with little alteration to speed, whereas participants in the mild aphasia group maintained accuracy and reduced their speed. Participants in both groups also reported more negative emotional and behavioral reactions to the dual-task condition than their neurotypical peers. Intentional strategies for coping with the cognitive demands of the dual-task condition were only reported by participants with mild aphasia. Conclusion The findings suggest that, although communicating with a competing task is more difficult for people with aphasia than neurotypical controls, participants with mild aphasia may be better able to cope with cognitively demanding communication situations than participants with moderate aphasia. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8233391.
Encapsulation, Professionalization and Managerialism in the Peace Corps

Much recent work has explored the implications of the pervasive professionalization that has occurred in recent decades across occupations and throughout organizational life. Using the case of the ...
A Split DNA Scaffold for a Green Fluorescent Silver Cluster

Silver molecules are chromophores with diverse spectra and rich photophysics, and DNA strands act as ligands that develop specific molecular silver species. For example, C4AC4T*C3GT4 selectively yi...
Imaging the behavior and neural activity of freely moving organisms with a gigapixel microscope

We present a micro-camera array microscope that images at cellular-level detail across hundreds of square centimeters. We demonstrate how this microscope can image the behavior and fluorescent neural activity of freely swimming zebrafish
Automatic Classification of Bloodstain Patterns Caused by Gunshot and Blunt Impact at Various Distances.

The forensics discipline of bloodstain pattern analysis plays an important role in crime scene analysis and reconstruction. One reconstruction question is whether the blood has been spattered via gunshot or blunt impact such as beating or stabbing. This paper proposes an automated framework to classify bloodstain spatter patterns generated under controlled conditions into either gunshot or blunt impact classes. Classification is performed using machine learning. The study is performed with 94 blood spatter patterns which are available as public data sets, designs a set of features with possible relevance to classification, and uses the random forests method to rank the most useful features and perform classification. The study shows that classification accuracy decreases with the increasing distance between the target surface collecting the stains and the blood source. Based on the data set used in this study, the model achieves 99% accuracy in classifying spatter patterns at distances of 30 cm, 93% accuracy at distances of 60 cm, and 86% accuracy at distances of 120 cm. Results with 10 additional backspatter patterns also show that the presence of muzzle gases can reduce classification accuracy.
May we have this dance?: Cultural ownership of the Lindy Hop from the swing era to today

By examining film and print media, along with influences of the Great Depression and WWII on public culture, this essay explores the evolution and appropriation of the Lindy Hop as it transformed f...
Land Access Policy Incentives: Emerging Approaches to Transitioning Farmland to a New Generation

Success for young, beginning, and/or socially disadvantaged (New Gen) farmers and ranchers depends on their ability to secure suitable land to start and expand their operations. Yet this is a significant and widely reported challenge. It is especially difficult for beginners to acquire suitable land with appropriate housing and infrastructure. The U.S. federal government and several states have recognized this challenge and addressed it with various types of financial incentive policies. However, little research has been done to measure the impacts and reach of these policies, even though the biggest of them have a decade of experience, increasing participation, and invest­ment totaling over US$210 million. In this view­point, we first introduce the slim evidence that exists of the impacts and reach of land access policy incentive (LAPI) programs. Next, we call for further assessment of three major types of LAPIs. At the state level, these include (1) beginning farm­er tax credits and (2) easement incentives to help New Gen farmers buy and preserve farmland. At the federal level, we include the Conservation Reserve Program-Transition Incentives Program (CRP-TIP) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Farm Service Agency. The purpose of evalua­tion will be to understand more about whom LAPI programs help, what effects they have, and what recommendations can be made to strengthen policy design and program delivery.
Striving for greatness: status aspirations, rhetorical entrapment, and domestic reforms

How do leaders use external events or pressures as political levers to facilitate domestic reforms? In this article, we build a theory of aspirational politics to address this question. We show tha...
Iron mineral admixtures improve the sulfuric acid resistance of low-calcium alkali-activated cements

Abstract We investigated the sulfuric acid resistance of low-calcium alkali-activated materials (i.e., geopolymers) supplemented with an iron mineral admixture (i.e., hematite). Geopolymers without and with 5% hematite were produced at two alkali contents (Na:Al = 0.86 and 1.39). Acid degradation reactions were comprehensibly studied through three replenishes of acid. Results demonstrate that hematite is chemically active upon acid exposure yielding a short-term increase in acid neutralization capacity. Prolonged acid resistance was enhanced in high alkali content formulations with hematite. Acid exposure revealed minimal changes to mineralogy, molecular structure, and micro-scale porosity in these samples, resulting in less dealumination and silicon leaching. Thus, results indicate that the acid buffering capacity of geopolymers, specifically at higher alkali content formulations, increases due to the addition of hematite. The increased buffering capacity leads to lower degrees of dealumination of the N-A-S-H cementitious binder. These results are important as they may help explain the increased acid durability of alkali-activated materials synthesized from industrial aluminosilicate precursors (e.g., slag, fly ash, lateritic clays) that may contain iron minerals.
Condensin DC spreads linearly and bidirectionally from recruitment sites to create loop-anchored TADs in C. elegans

Abstract Condensins are molecular motors that compact DNA for chromosome segregation and gene regulation. In vitro experiments have begun to elucidate the mechanics of condensin function but how condensin loading and translocation along DNA controls eukaryotic chromosome structure in vivo remains poorly understood. To address this question, we took advantage of a specialized condensin, which organizes the 3D conformation of X chromosomes to mediate dosage compensation (DC) in C. elegans. Condensin DC is recruited and spreads from a small number of recruitment elements on the X chromosome (rex). We found that ectopic insertion of rex sites on an autosome leads to bidirectional spreading of the complex over hundreds of kilobases. On the X chromosome, strong rex sites contain multiple copies of a 12-bp sequence motif and act as TAD borders. Inserting a strong rex and ectopically recruiting the complex on the X chromosome or an autosome creates a loop-anchored TAD. Unlike the CTCF system, which controls TAD formation by cohesin, direction of the 12-bp motif does not control the specificity of loops. In an X;V fusion chromosome, condensin DC linearly spreads into V and increases 3D DNA contacts, but fails to form TADs in the absence of rex sites. Finally, we provide in vivo evidence for the loop extrusion hypothesis by targeting multiple dCas9-Suntag complexes to an X chromosome repeat region. Consistent with linear translocation along DNA, condensin DC accumulates at the block site. Together, our results support a model whereby strong rex sites act as insulation elements through recruitment and bidirectional spreading of condensin DC molecules and form loop-anchored TADs.
Moving down the mountain: pathways for sacred landscape transformation at ancient Epidaurus and Nemea

This paper explores reciprocal relationships between landscape, human attention, and time. I present two sacred landscapes: Epidaurus and Nemea, located in Greece's northeastern Peloponnese. In bot...
Overlooked or Out-of-Sight? Congressional Oversight of Intelligence, 1945-1979

This paper outlines expanded framework for defining and measuring intelligence oversight that incorporates multiple dimensions of institutional activity and development. This framework is used to conduct a preliminary analysis of congressional intelligence oversight during the so-called “Era of Trust” (1947-1974). The analysis suggests that standing committees have tended to defer to executive officials regarding procedural and organizational matters, even during periods of major reform and increased oversight. While executive has initiated variety of organizational and procedural reforms, congressional actions have typically focused on immediate policy issues and perceived threats. The results suggest that the nature of intelligence shocks and failures during this period may help explain why the majority of congressional activities were directed at improving the overall performance of intelligence community, rather than implementing controls. Congress began to take action to increase oversight and controls over issues of compliance and accountability as early as 1968, years before the traditionally-recognized shift in intelligence oversight relations.
Local and downstream actions of proximal tubule angiotensin II signaling on Na + transporters in the mouse nephron

The renal nephron consists of a series of distinct cell types that function in concert to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and blood pressure. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is central to Na+ and volume balance. We aimed to determine how loss of angiotensin II signaling in the proximal tubule (PT), which reabsorbs the bulk of filtered Na+ and volume, impacts solute transport throughout the nephron. We hypothesized that PT renin-angiotensin system disruption would not only depress PT Na+ transporters but also impact downstream Na+ transporters. Using a mouse model in which the angiotensin type 1a receptor (AT1aR) is deleted specifically within the PT (AT1aR PTKO), we profiled the abundance of Na+ transporters, channels, and claudins along the nephron. Absence of PT AT1aR signaling was associated with lower abundance of PT transporters (Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3, electrogenic Na+-bicarbonate cotransporter 1, and claudin 2) as well as lower abundance of downstream transporters (total and phosphorylated Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, medullary Na+-K+-ATPase, phosphorylated NaCl cotransporter, and claudin 7) versus controls. However, transport activities of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter and NaCl cotransporter (assessed with diuretics) were similar between groups in order to maintain electrolyte balance. Together, these results demonstrate the primary impact of angiotensin II regulation on Na+ reabsorption in the PT at baseline and the associated influence on downstream Na+ transporters, highlighting the ability of the nephron to integrate Na+ transport along the nephron to maintain homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study defines a novel role for proximal tubule angiotensin receptors in regulating the abundance of Na+ transporters throughout the nephron, thereby contributing to the integrated control of fluid balance in vivo.