cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of lymphomatoid granulomatosis with Epstein-Barr viral infection of B lymphocytes and response to interferon-alpha 2b

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LyG) is an angiodestructive lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) often involving the lungs. Its etiology is uncertain, but a number of previous studies had suggested it is a T-cell LPD associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Because of the similarity between LYG and nasal angiocentric lymphoma, the term angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion was proposed for both entities. Optimal therapy is unknown, but chemotherapy is often used. We studied four patients with LYG over a 5-year period. Biopsy samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, EBV in situ hybridization, and for Ig heavy-chain (IgH) gene rearrangements, Clinically, we assessed EBV serology, lymphocyte subsets, and the efficacy of interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b), All biopsy samples showed an exuberant T-cell infiltrate with scattered atypical large B cells. Double labeling showed EBV in the B cells but not T cells. Clonal IgH gene rearrangements were detected in 2 of 3 patients studied, 1 of whom had three distinct clones, and light-chain restriction showed two clones in an additional patient. All patients had positive EBV serologies. and markedly abnormal lymphocyte subsets. With IFN, 3 patients are alive and disease free at 36, 43, and 60 months; 1 patient achieved a partial response for 16 months but discontinued therapy and died with lymphoma. These results indicate that LYG is a T-cell-rich EBV-associated B-cell LPD in which the infiltrating T cells are numerous but reactive. IgH gene rearrangements may be polyclonal, monoclonal, or oligoclonal. Its association with immune defects suggests it is related to posttransplant LPD. However, LYG and nasal angiocentric lymphoma are distinct entities and should no longer be included together under the term angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion. IFN is effective therapy and should be studied further.
Healing our divided society: investing in America fifty years after the Kerner Report

America is marking an unhappy 50th anniversary. Half a century after the proposal of a national reckoning with our social and economic woes, the country should take stock of what’s gone awry all th...
Resilience and Veteran Community Reintegration: An Exploratory Study

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the potential association between resilience and veteran community reintegration (VCR) in recently discharged military veterans. It was hypothesized...
The Russian Industry in March 2014

According to the data of business surveys carried out by the Gaidar Institute, the first estimates of March did not identify any principal changes in the dynamics of demand, output, employment and investments of the Russian industry. However, enterprises’ prices have, probably, started to yield to the inflationary pressure, while reserves, to growing uncertainty of forthcoming months.
Abstract 320: MicroRNA-133a Attenuates the Development of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Rationale: Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) result from dysregulated remodeling of the vascular extracellular matrix, and may occur as result of altered resident cellular phenotype. MicroRNA-133a is...
Holocene vegetation and climate change on the Colorado Plateau in southern Utah, USA

Pollen, plant macrofossils, and sedimentary analyses from archaeological deposits at North Creek Shelter (NCS) on the Colorado Plateau provide data on vegetation and climate change during the Holocene. From 11,300–10,200 cal yr BP, NCS was embedded in a mixed conifer forest of cool-adapted species (e.g., Abies, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus ponderosa) with an Artemisia understory. During this interval, NCS pollen corresponds to modern pollen from Picea–Abies forests that reside 950 m higher in elevation. Rapid deposition rates of NCS sediments indicate that climatic conditions during the Early Holocene were more mesic than today, with increased precipitation. The onset of warmer conditions at NCS began at 10,200 cal yr BP, and pollen and plant macrofossils indicate that a semiarid woodland and scrub mosaic dominated by Pinus edulis, Juniperus osteosperma, and Amaranthaceae surrounded NCS by 9300 cal yr BP. This is corroborated by fossil pollen that is similar to modern pollen from P. edulis–J. osteosperma woodlands and Amaranthaceae scrub that currently surround NCS. Sedimentary analyses suggest that during this time, accumulation rates were very low due to low precipitation and a drier climate overall. Migration of P. edulis into southern Utah is directly dated to 8100 cal yr BP, thus confirming recently proposed patterns of northward expansion.
Adversarial System Variant Approximation to Quantify Process Model Generalization

In process mining, process models are extracted from event logs using process discovery algorithms and are commonly assessed using multiple quality metrics. While the metrics that measure the relationship of an extracted process model to its event log are well-studied, quantifying the level by which a process model can describe the unobserved behavior of its underlying system falls short in the literature. In this paper, a novel deep learning-based methodology called Adversarial System Variant Approximation (AVATAR) is proposed to overcome this issue. Sequence Generative Adversarial Networks are trained on the variants contained in an event log with the intention to approximate the underlying variant distribution of the system behavior. Unobserved realistic variants are sampled either directly from the Sequence Generative Adversarial Network or by leveraging the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The degree by which a process model relates to its underlying unknown system behavior is then quantified based on the realistic observed and estimated unobserved variants using established process model quality metrics. Significant performance improvements in revealing realistic unobserved variants are demonstrated in a controlled experiment on 15 ground truth systems. Additionally, the proposed methodology is experimentally tested and evaluated to quantify the generalization of 60 discovered process models with respect to their systems.
On Understanding Grammar: Revised edition

In his foreword to the original edition of this classic of functionalism, typology and diachrony, Dwight Bolinger wrote: "I foresee it as one of the truly prizes statements of our current knowledge…a book about understanding done with deep understanding – of language and its place in Nature and in the nature of humankind… The book is rich in insights, even for those who have been with linguistics for a long time. And beginners could be thankful for having it as a starting point, from which so many past mistakes have been shed". Thoroughly revised, corrected and updated, On Understanding Grammar remains, as its author intended it in 1979, a book about trying to make sense of human language and of doing linguistics. Language is considered here from multiple perspectives, intersecting with cognition and communication, typology and universals, grammaticalization, development and evolution. Within such a broad cross-disciplinary context, grammar is viewed as an automated, structured language-processing device, assembled through evolution, diachrony and use. Cross-language diversity is not arbitrary, but rather is tightly constrained and adaptively motivated, with the balance between universality and diversity mediated through development, be it evolutionary or diachronic. The book's take on language harkens back to the works of illustrious antecedents such as F. Bopp, W. von Humbold, H. Paul, A. Meillet, O. Jespersen and G. Zipf, offering a coherent alternative to the methodological and theoretical strictures of Saussure, Bloomfield and Chomsky.
Treatment for opioid use disorder in the Florida medicaid population: Using a cascade of care model to evaluate quality.

Background: A cascade of care (CoC) model may improve understanding of gaps in addiction treatment availability and quality over current single measure methods. Despite increased funding, opioid ov...
Local Viscosity of Interfacial Layers in Polymer Nanocomposites Measured by Magnetic Heating

The strength of interfacial attractions between polymer chains and nanoparticles is known to control the mobility of chains and viscoelastic properties in polymer nanocomposites. We chose the inter...
Protocol for mapping the spatial variability in cell wall mechanical bending behavior in living leaf pavement cells

An integrated, experimental-computational approach is presented to analyze the variation of elastic bending behavior in the primary cell wall of living Arabidopsis thaliana pavement cells and to measure turgor pressure in the cells quantitatively under different osmotic conditions. Mechanical properties, size and geometry of cells and internal turgor pressure greatly influence their morphogenesis. Computational models of plant morphogenesis require values for wall elastic modulus and turgor pressure but very few experiments were designed to validate the results using measurements that deform the entire thickness of the cell wall. Because new wall material is deposited from inside the cell, full-thickness deformations are needed to quantify relevant changes associated with cell development. The approach here uses laser scanning confocal microscopy to measure the three-dimensional geometry of a single pavement cell, and indentation experiments equipped with high magnification objective lens to probe the local mechanical responses across the same cell wall. These experimental results are matched iteratively using a finite element model of the experiment to determine the local mechanical properties, turgor pressure, and cell height. The resulting modulus distribution along the periclinal wall is shown to be nonuniform. These results are consistent with the characteristics of plant cell walls which have a heterogeneous organization. This research and the resulting model will provide a reference for future work associated with the heterogeneity and anisotropy of mechanical properties of plant cell walls in order to understand morphogenesis of the primary cell walls during growth and to predict quantitatively the magnitudes/directions of cell wall forces. One sentence summaryThe distribution of elastic modulus of the periclinal cell walls of living Arabidopsis epidermis is nonuniform as measured by bending the entire thickness of the wall. HighlightsO_LIExperimental characterization of the spatial distribution of elastic bending behavior across the periclinal wall C_LIO_LIQuantification of the turgor pressure of the living plant epidermal cells validated with osmotic treatments C_LIO_LIQuantification of the effect of cell geometry on the measured mechanical response C_LI Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=176 SRC="FIGDIR/small/432478v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (117K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1af406aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ae0487org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ab5408org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a1302_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
The Internet as a Telecommunications Service: Framing the Legal Issues and Business Strategies

This article describes the path leading to the FCC’s decision to regulate the Internet, the legal battle that has ensued, the positions of interested parties, the stakes from their perspectives, the rules themselves, and the likely effects of those rules on network providers and application providers. Short case studies highlight likely sources of disputes. Recommended changes in imagery by network providers is included to re-orient the debate.
Placenta keeps the score of maternal cannabis use and child anxiety.

The perception that cannabis can be safely consumed without health risks or that use is safer than alternative recreational drugs is perhaps an unintended consequence of recent marijuana legalization campaigns in the United States and other countries. Often missing in the debates about cannabis legalization is the potential harm caused to the next generation. These would include not just teenagers, for which laws are often written to exclude, but those still in utero who are exposed to everything their mothers consume or are exposed to. Cannabis is becoming one of the most prevalent recreational drugs of abuse used during pregnancy, with an estimated prevalence of 3 to 16% among pregnant women in the United States (1). An increase of 64% in maternal cannabis use from 2001 to 2014 was observed in one study (2). Unlike for in utero tobacco and alcohol exposures, there is currently a major gap in research on the effects of maternal cannabis use on child outcomes and mechanisms of action, particularly in humans. In PNAS, Rompala et al. (3) publish a study that adds important insights to both the outcomes and the possible mechanisms of maternal cannabis use during pregnancy. What was previously known is that the psychoactive component in cannabis, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), passes freely from maternal blood through the placenta to the fetus (4). Maternal cannabis use is associated with complications in pregnancy, including low birth weight and preterm birth (5). THC is known to target the endocannabinoid system, which is involved in the body’s homeostatic mechanisms of balancing internal systems (e.g., mood, immune, temperature, etc.) with energy needs, particularly important during pregnancy and brain development (6). In a few studies, maternal cannabis use has been associated with adverse cognitive and mental health outcomes in children, including autism, depression, and psychosis (7⇓–9). Animal … [↵][1]1Email: jmlasalle{at}ucdavis.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The Social Construction of Brown v. Board of Education: Law Reform and the Reconstructive Paradox

Why have Brown and other celebrated law-reform cases done so little good in the long run? This article names and illustrates a “reconstructive paradox” to explain why legal reform is so difficult to bring about and why, after it arrives, the gains tend to slip away.
Similarity solutions for phase-change problems

A modification of Ivantsov's (1947) similarity solutions is proposed which can describe phase-change processes which are limited by diffusion. The method has application to systems that have n-components and possess cross-diffusion and Soret and Dufour effects, along with convection driven by density discontinuities at the two-phase interface. Local thermal equilibrium is assumed at the interface. It is shown that analytic solutions are possible when the material properties are constant.
Resonant tunneling in InP/InGaAs lateral double barrier heterostructures

Continued down-scaling of electron devices in integrated circuits in order to achieve higher density eventually results in electron devices in which quantum effects play a significant role. These quantum effects can be exploited and used to increase the functionality of electronic devices and circuits resulting in high-density (multi-valued) logic and memory functions. The lateral resonant tunneling diode and transistor are two quantum effect devices that are well suited for this task and are also ideal for planar integration. A planar lateral double barrier heterostructure is demonstrated here for the first time. Resonances in the I-V characteristics are observed that have peak to valley current ratios as high as 3.5 at 4.2 K and are attributed to resonant tunneling in a 2D/1D/2D system. The InP substrate based device structure consists of an InP/lnGaAs/InP MODFET structure within which a lateral double barrier heterostructure, consisting of InP barriers and InGaAs well and contacts, has been integrated by etch and regrowth techniques. This demonstration opens the way for the fabrication of the lateral resonant tunneling transistor.
Chiral reactions of acetylcholinesterase probed with enantiomeric methylphosphonothioates. Noncovalent determinants of enzyme chirality.

Abstract Enantiomeric cycloheptyl- and isopropyl methylphosphonothioates containing uncharged and cationic leaving groups, and 3,3-dimethylbutyl methylphosphonyl thiocholines were synthesized, and their inhibition of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo examined. Bimolecular inhibition constants spanned 10(1)-10(9) M-1.min-1, equilibrium dissociation constants 10(-3)-10(-7) M, and phosphonylation constants 1-300 min-1. A general but not absolute preference for the SP-enantiomer, in the range 170-4600 for cycloheptyl-, 0.6-150 for isopropyl-, and 30 for 3,3-dimethylbutyl methylphosphonothioates, varied with nature of the alkyl ester (-OR) and thioic leaving groups (-SR') surrounding phosphorus. While the overall bimolecular reaction constant showed no marked dependence on ionic strength of the medium, the microscopic kp and KD for the RP- but not SP-cycloheptyl methylphosphonyl thiocholine underwent marked reduction with decreases in ionic strength. This result unmasks the interplay between occupation of the active center and productivity of that occupation. These studies reveal that chiral reactions with acetylcholinesterase are dependent more on the nature of the groups surrounding the tetrahedral phosphorus than on the absolute configuration about the phosphorus atom and indicate that the active center comprises partially overlapping subsites that can accommodate the -OR and -SR' groups. The presence of neighboring subsites characterized by different steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic properties permits a multiplicity of binding orientations, independent of chiral configuration, and which account for the large variation in chiral preference seen among organophosphonates containing different substituents.
Exact fields of charge and mass distributions in general relativity

Einstein field equations solutions generated via static spherically symmetric mass and charge distributions
“Altaring” the World: Making Saints in a Postmodern Age

Abstract In addition to giving one of the keynote lectures, Heather Murray Elkins reflected on the twentieth anniversary celebration of the Liturgical Studies program at Drew University. Following are remarks that were part of her tribute to founders Bard Thompson and Howard Hageman at Saturday evening's banquet, and excerpts from her lecture the next day.
A DNA signal from the Thy-1 gene defines de novo methylation patterns in embryonic stem cells.

Abstract Although DNA can be extensively methylated de novo when introduced into pluripotent cells, the CpG island in the Thy-1 gene does not become methylated either in the mouse embryo or in embryonic stem cells. A 214-base-pair region near the promoter of the Thy-1 gene protects itself as well as heterologous DNA sequences from de novo methylation. We propose that this nucleotide sequence is representative of a class of important signals that limits de novo methylation in the embryo and establishes the pattern of hypomethylated CpG dinucleotides found in somatic tissues.
Effects of frontal cortical lesions on mouse striatum: reorganization of cell recognition molecule, glial fiber, and synaptic protein expression in the dorsomedial striatum

Brain injury induces trophic effects within adjacent tissue through an unknown molecular mechanism. One model of this lesion effect involves the enhanced outgrowth of neuronal processes from transplanted substantia nigra in animals with cerebral cortex lesions. Since cell recognition molecules are involved in the molecular mechanisms of contact between cells and surrounding extracellular matrix components, and are important in plasticity of the nervous system, we investigated changes in L1, N-CAM, and tenascin, as well as synapse-associated proteins and gliosis, in the striatum of mice with cortical lesions. The removal of somato-sensory and motor cortex would be expected to produce changes predominantly in the dorsal striatum. Lesioned mice, however, showed a significant enhancement of both L1 and N-CAM immunostaining intensity only within the most medial-periventricular and dorsomedial parts of the striatum, as compared to the nonlesioned side. Tenascin expression was significantly decreased, but only in the most medial part of the striatum. The changes in intensity of immunostaining with L1, N-CAM, and tenascin did not diminish with time after lesioning. These changes in cell recognition molecule expression indicate a possible molecular basis of lesion-induced plasticity in neuronal circuits within the dorsomedial striatum. These changes were accompanied by decreased synapsin and synaptophysin expression, but without any significant change in neurofilament expression. In contrast, glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin immunoreactivities were increased in almost the entire striatum on the lesioned side. Therefore, the areas of changes in cell recognition molecule expression did not simply correlate to the increased astrogliosis or neuronal fiber damage. We postulate that the periventricular dorsomedial striatum is relatively sensitive to disturbances of corticostriatonigral circuits and, simultaneously, this striatal area has a unique ability to support and promote neurite growth.
Syntheses and Structures of the Quaternary Copper Tellurides K3Ln4Cu5Te10 (Ln=Sm, Gd, Er), Rb3Ln4Cu5Te10 (Ln=Nd, Gd), and Cs3Gd4Cu5Te10

Six quaternary alkali-metal rare-earth copper tellurides K3Ln4Cu5Te10 (Ln=Sm, Gd, Er), Rb3Ln4Cu5Te10 (Ln=Nd, Gd), and Cs3Gd4Cu5Te10 have been synthesized at 1123 K with the use of reactive fluxes of alkali-metal halides ACl (A=K, Rb, Cs). All crystallographic data were collected at 153 K. These compounds crystallize in space group Pnnm of the orthorhombic system with two formula units in cells of dimensions (A3Ln4, a, b, c (A)): K3Sm4, 16.590(2), 17.877(2), 4.3516(5); K3Gd4, 16.552(4), 17.767(4), 4.3294(9); K3Er4, 16.460(4), 17.550(4), 4.2926(9); Rb3Nd4, 17.356(1), 17.820(1), 4.3811(3); Rb3Gd4, 17.201(2), 17.586(2), 4.3429(6); Cs3Gd4, 17.512(1), 17.764(1), 4.3697(3). The corresponding R1 indices for the refined structures are 0.0346, 0.0315, 0.0212, 0.0268, 0.0289, and 0.0411. The three K3Ln4Cu5Te10 structures belong to one structure type and the Rb3Ln4Cu5Te10 (Ln=Nd, Gd) and Cs3Gd4Cu5Te10 structures belong to another one, the difference being the location of one of the three unique Cu atoms. Both structure types are three-dimensional tunnel structures that contain similar Ln/Te fragments built from LnTe6 octahedra and CuTe4 tetrahedra. The CuTe4 tetrahedra form 1∞[CuTe5−3] and 1∞[CuTe3−2] chains. The alkali-metal atoms, which are in the tunnels, are coordinated to seven or eight Te atoms.
Policy-making and the role of simplified models: An air quality planning example

Abstract Urban areas with serious air quality problems need to use complex models in air quality planning. Such models are unwieldy and expensive to use and they focus on a multitude of details but lack scope and perspective. Work with air quality planners in Denver, CO shows that simplified models can play an important role in redressing many of these problems. Designing the simplified model to be a model of the complex models was found to be important to make the results of the simplified model acdeptable in the planning process. The simplified model developed for Denver was inexpensive to run and could easily be altered to test a variety of future conditions and planning strategies. It provided perspective beyond that of the complex models. For example, it showed that significant trade-offs between health and haze benefits must be faced in choosing between pollution control strategies. It also showed the difficulty of maintaining air quality over the long term, and the relative ineffectiveness of transportation controls compared to vehicle emission controls for long-term air quality maintenance. The simplified model was shown to be an aid to decision-making in several ways: by providing planners with the capability to achieve a broader understanding of the relevant issues; by helping planners to address issues that the complex models could not; and by augmenting the capabilities of the complex models. This case shows that the combined use of complex and simplified models offers the opportunity for an overall improvement in policy analysis.
History of research on solar energetic particle (SEP) events: the evolving paradigm

Forbush initiated research on solar energetic particle (SEP) events in 1946 when he reported ionization chamber observations of the first three ground level events (GLEs). The next key development was the neutron monitor observation of the GLE of 23 February 1956. Meyer, Parker and Simpson attributed this high-energy SEP event to a short time-scale process associated with a solar flare and ascribed the much longer duration of the particle event to scattering in the interplanetary medium. Thus “flare particle” acceleration became the initial paradigm for SEP acceleration at the Sun. A more fully-developed picture was presented by the Australian radio astronomers Wild, Smerd, and Weiss in 1963. They identified two distinct SEP acceleration processes in flares: (1) the first phase accelerated primarily ~100 keV electrons that gave rise to fast-drift type III emission as they streamed outward through the solar atmosphere; (2) the second phase was produced by an outward moving (~1000 km s−1) magnetohydrodynamic shock, occurring in certain (generally larger) flares. The second phase, manifested by slow-drift metric type II emission, appeared to be required for substantial acceleration of protons and higher-energy electrons. This two-stage (or two-class) picture gained acceptance during the 1980s as composition and charge state measurements strengthened the evidence for two distinct types of particle events which were termed impulsive (attributed to flare-resident acceleration process(es)) and gradual (shock-associated). Reames championed the two-class picture and it is the commonly accepted paradigm today. A key error made in the establishment of this paradigm was revealed in the late 1990s by observations of SEP composition and charge states at higher energies (>10 MeV) than previously available. Specifically, some large and therefore presumably “gradual” SEP events looked “impulsive” at these energies. One group of researchers attributes these unusual events to acceleration of high-energy SEPs by flares and another school favors acceleration of flare seed particles by quasi-perpendicular shocks. A revised SEP classification scheme is proposed to accommodate the new observations and to include ideas on geometry and seed particle composition recently incorporated into models of shock acceleration of SEPs.
In vivo triglyceride secretion and hepatic and plasma lipids in rats fed medium-chain triglycerides, tripelargonin, or corn oil

Abstract The relationship between in vivo triglyceride secretion and the concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides in liver and plasma was studied in fasted, male Sprague Dawley rats (150–170 g) fed 16% fat diets containing 8–16% medium chain triglycerides (68% C 8:0 and 24% C 10:0), 14% tripelargonate (C 9:0), or corn oil. Plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations were 10–20% lower ( P P P
Single Exciton Quantum Logic Circuits

We describe new logic devices based on the storage and shuttling of individual excitons, called the single exciton quantum (SEQ) logic. SEQ logic can implement memory, concatenation, fan-out, and gain. The logic circuits are based on quasi 1-D semiconductors that are coupled to quantum dots (QDs) and on the engineering of their respective exciton states. The coding of binary states is based on the presence or absence of excitons in the QD, and the 1-D semiconductors serve as interconnects for shuttling excitons from one QD to another. Here, the QD serves as memory where the storage of excitonic excitations can be controlled electrically. Their transfer between 1-D semiconductors and QDs occurs through efficient nonradiative resonant energy transfer mechanisms. To allow low-power operations, the excitonic energy levels are cascaded to allow funneling of excitons where in the transfer of information is set to flow naturally in the direction of lower energy states. The principle of energy funnel, coupled with high drift velocity of excitons expected in 1-D semiconductors, allows low power, high speed logic circuits that can operate at room temperature. The use of excitons as a state-variable lends naturally to implementing optical interconnects for the input and output of an all-excitonic chip. Here, we describe the fundamental principles behind the proposed SEQ logic circuits, and describe the implementation of a universal nand logic.
Research findings on the kibbutz adolescent: a response to Bettelheim.

Deductions from Bruno Bettelheim's hypothesis of repression in kibbutz youth were tested, using personality measures chosen for their measurement of relevant self-reported behaviors. A comparison was made between kibbutz and moshav samples, and little support was found in the score patterns for the repression hypothesis.
Correlates of Serious Suicidal Ideation and Attempts in Female Adult Sexual Assault Survivors

Relations between (a) serious suicidal ideation and attempts and (b) demographics, trauma history, assault characteristics, post-assault outcomes, and psychosocial variables were examined among female adult sexual assault survivors. Younger, minority, and bisexual survivors reported greater ideation. More traumas, drug use, and assault disclosure related to greater attempts, whereas perceived control over recovery was related to fewer attempts. Child sexual abuse and some assault characteristics predicted suicidal behavior. Depression was related to suicidal behavior until psychosocial variables were accounted for. Specifically, using substances to cope and self-blame predicted greater ideation, whereas receiving aid/information support was related to less ideation. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.
Involvement of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in the IgE-mediated triphasic cutaneous reaction in mice.

Abstract Involvement of cannabinoid CB 2 receptors in the IgE-mediated cutaneous reaction was investigated. Epicutaneous challenge with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene caused a triphasic swelling in the ear of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice passively sensitized with anti-dinitrophenol IgE. Peak responses of the ear swelling appeared at 1 h, 24 h, and 8 days after the challenge in both strains of mice. In contrast, cannabinoid CB 2 receptor-deficient mice failed to exhibit the obvious triphasic ear swelling observed in wild-type mice. Oral administration of cannabinoid CB 2 receptor antagonist/inverse agonists [ N -(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-7-methoxy-2-oxo-8-pentyloxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxamide] (JTE-907) and { N -[(1S)- endo -1,3,3-trimethylbicyclo[2,2,1]heptan-2yl]5-(4-chloro-3-methyl-phenyl)-1-(4-methylbenzyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide} (SR144528) at doses of 0.1–10 mg/kg significantly and dose-dependently suppressed all three phases of ear swelling in BALB/c mice. Interestingly, epicutaneous treatment with an ether-linked analogue of endogenous cannabinoids, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, caused an ear swelling that could be detected at 1 h, 24 h, and 8 days after treatment of both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that cannabinoid CB 2 receptors are involved in induction of the triphasic cutaneous reaction mediated by IgE, and that cannabinoid CB 2 receptor antagonist/inverse agonists may serve as anti-allergic agents in the treatment of allergic dermatitis.
The effects of temperature and carbon dioxide breathing on ventilation and acid-base status of turtles.

Abstract Respiratory minute volume (V e ) and oxygen consumption (V O 2 ) of freshwater turtles, Pseudemys scripta elegans , were measured at 10, 20 and 30 °C while the turtles breathed either air, 2, 4 or 6% CO 2 . In one series of animals arterial pH and P CO 2 , were measured as well and correlated with the ventilation. Inspired CO 2 caused hyperventilation which increased in proportion to either % inspired CO 2 or Pa CO 2 , and which reached about ten times the air-breathing ventilation when 6% CO 2 was breathed. The response was similar at each temperature. Ventilation (V e /V O 2 decreased with temperature with each breathing mixture, and, consequently, Pa CO 2 increased with temperature. The influence of temperature on the ventilatory control of Pa CO 2 when the turtles breathed air was the physiological mechanism responsible for the inverse relationship between blood pH and temperature.
Model to describe and alleviate milk protein depression in early lactation dairy cows fed a high fat diet.

Abstract The depression of milk protein percentages for cows fed high fat diets in early lactation is a major problem facing the dairy industry. In order to describe more fully the mechanism involved, data involved 97 cow observations were summarized. Cows were fed diets containing corn-soybean meal or additional fat in the form of whole oilseeds as the main ingredients in the concentrate mix. Blood samples from the tail artery and subcutaneous abdominal vein were taken approximately 6- to 8-wk postpartum for amino acid analyses. Production of milk during the week of blood sampling was increased (36.9 and 39.6 kg/d) approximately 7.3% but milk protein percentages (2.91 and 2.79) were reduced for cows fed added fat. Intake of DM (21.1 and 21.4 kg/d) and BW (605 and 608kg) were similar. Uptake of amino acids by the mammary gland, as measured by arteriovenous differences, was numerically lower for all essential amino acids and significantly reduced for histidine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, and total essential amino acids for cows fed added fat. It is proposed that added fat inhibits somatotropin release from the anterior pituitary, thereby reducing mammary gland uptake of amino acids because of the role of somatotropin in aiding amino acid uptake. Administration of exogenous somatotropin with added fat diets may alleviate milk protein depression associated with such diets.
The uptake and translocation of 14C‐SAN‐6706 and 14C‐SAN‐9789 in Vaccinium macrocarpon cv. Early Black

Summary: Resume: Zusammenfassung The uptake and translocation of 14C-labelled 4-chloro-5-(dimethytamino)-2-(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-lolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (SAN-6706) and 4-chloro-5-(melhylamino)-2-(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m-tolyt)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (SAN-9789) were studied in cranberry plants (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. cv. EarlyBlack). The plants were treated in water solution and sampled at 1,3,8 and 15 days. Other plants were treated for these times, washed free from extraneous herbicide, grown for 3 weeks longer in nutrient with no herbicide and then sampled to determine the fate of the herbicide. Both compounds were readily translocated and the amount of label present in the shoot increased with time. In plants grown for 3 more weeks after treatment there was translocation of the label from the root to the shoot. No radioactive label was detected in the cranberry fruit. Absorption et migration du 14C-SAN-6706 et du 14C-SAN-9789 chezVaccinium macrocarpon cv. Early Black L'absorption et la migration de la 4-chloro-5-(dimeAthyiamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone (SAN-6706) et de la 4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H) pyridazinone (SAN 9789), marquees au 14C, ont ete eAtudiees chez la canneberge (Vaccinium macrocarponAit, cv. Early Black). Les plantes ont ete traitees en solution aqueuse et echantillonnfees apres 1, 3, 8 et 15 jours. D'autres plantes ont eteA traitees pour ces memes durees, Iavees pour eliminer les traces externes d'herbicide, et cultivees pendant 3 semaines de plus en milieu nutritif sans herbicide, et enfin echantillonnees pour determiner le devenir de L'herbicide. Les deux composes migrerent rapldement et la quantite de produit marque presente dans la partie adrienne augmenta avec le temps. Dans les plantes cultivees 3 semaines supplementaires apres le traitement, il y eut migration du produit marque des racines vers les tiges. Aucun element radioactif n'a ete decele dans les fruits de canneberge. Die Aufnahme und Translokatlon von 14C-SAN-6706 und14CSAN-9789 bei Vaccinium macrocarpon Sorte Early Black Es wurde die Aufnahme und Translokation von 14C-markiertem 4-Chlor-5-(dlmcthylamino)-2-(α,α,α;-trifluor-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinon (SAN-6706) und 4-Chlor-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluor-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinon (SAN-9789) bei Preiselbeerpflanzen (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Sorte Early Black) untersucht. Die Pflanzen wurden in Wasserkultur behandelt und nach 1, 3, 8 und 15 Tagen Proben genommen. Bei anderen Pflanzen, die auch uber diese Perioden behandelt worden waren, wurde anschliessend das auβerlich anhaftende Herbizid abgewaschen, fur 3 weitere Wochen in NaUhrlosung ohnc Herbizid gehalten und dann Proben gezogen, um die Verteilung des Herbizids zu bestimmen. Beide Verbindungen wurden rasch transloziert und der Gehait an markierter Substanz im Spross nahm mit der Zeit zu, in den Pflanzen die fur 3 weitere Wochen nach der Behandlung gewachsen waren, wurde Translokation voti der Wurzel in den Spross festgestellt. In der Preiselbeerfrucht konnte keine Radioaktivitat festgestellt werden.
A Clustering and Insertion Heuristic Applied to a Large Routeing Problem in Food Distribution

This article investigates a large food distributor and describes a heuristic approach to provide satisfactory solutions to large, realistic, complicated routeing problems of food distribution. The approach includes routeing (clustering and insertion) procedures and the allocation of drivers and vehicles. These procedures were heuristically developed, on the basis of the delivery data of three days of four large geographic regions. The approach was used to develop an integrated, interactive, computer-based system for routeing of food-service delivery vehicles after being tested on the problems of four to five days of seven geographic regions which cover the Western, Midwest and Southern United States. The sizes of the problems ranged from 5 to 24 routes per region and 69 to 308 customers per schedule. The revised approach improved the solutions of the previous system by an average of 5.6% of delivery costs. The cost savings were caused mainly by a reduction in the number of routes.
Ion‐Neutral complexes from protonated propyl phenyl ethers. Gas‐phase solvolysis versus elimination‐readdition

Ion-neutral complexes, well attested as intermediates in the expulsion of alkenes from M +. and MH + ions from primary alkyl phenyl ethers, are shown to intervene in the decomposition of the MH + ion of a secondary alkyl phenyl ether, (CD 3 ) 2 CHOPh. Chemical ionization (CI) (methane reagent gas)-mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectroscopy (MIKES) shows ions of both m/z 96 and 97, indicating that the proton deposited by the CI reagent exchanges with the methyl deuterium atoms. The ratio of daughter ion intensities, as well as the proportions of ions of m/z 95, 96 and 97 from the MH + of CD 3 CH 2 CD 2 OPh; agree with predictions based on the gas-phase solvolysis mechanism, in which [i-Pr + PhOH] complexes form from the protonated parent via simple bond heterolysis. An alternative mechanism, elimination-readdition, would proceed via [propene PhOHD + ] complexes. This latter mechanism predicts a ratio of daughter ion intensities that is very different from gas-phase solvolysis and which disagrees with experiment. The elimination-readdition pathway is effectively ruled out, while the gas-phase solvolysis mechanisms is reinforced
Facile synthesis, pharmacokinetic and systemic clearance evaluation, and positron emission tomography cancer imaging of ⁶⁴Cu-Au alloy nanoclusters.

Gold nanoparticles have been widely used for oncological applications including diagnosis and therapy. However, the non-specific mononuclear phagocyte system accumulation and potential long-term toxicity have significantly limited clinical translation. One strategy to overcome these shortcomings is to reduce the size of gold nanoparticles to allow renal clearance. Herein, we report the preparation of 64Cu alloyed gold nanoclusters (64CuAuNCs) for in vivo evaluation of pharmacokinetics, systemic clearance, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in a mouse prostate cancer model. The facile synthesis in acqueous solution allowed precisely controlled 64Cu incorporation for high radiolabeling specific activity and stability for sensitive and accurate detection. Through surface pegylation with 350 Da polyethylene glycol (PEG), the 64CuAuNCs-PEG350 afforded optimal biodistribution and significant renal and hepatobiliary excretion. PET imaging showed low non-specific tumor uptake, indicating its potential for active targeting of clinically relevant biomarkers in tumor and metastatic organs.
Chest wall resection for locally recurrent breast cancer: Indications, technique, and results

A series of 100 patients with locally advanced carcinoma of the breast was analyzed for chest wall recurrence alone after primary treatment. Five patients were found to have had chest wall recurrence alone and were treated with en bloc chest wall resection. This group of patients was analyzed for the pathophysiology of recurrence including characteristics of the primary tumor, location of the chest wall recurrence, and overall local salvage and survival after chest wall recurrence. In this series, local recurrence after radical chest wall resection was 20%. The incidence of systemic recurrence after chest wall resection was 60%. The mean survival for the entire group was 17 months after chest wall recurrence and radical resection. The main surgical objectives, including relief from painful, inflammatory, and bleeding complications, were achieved in all patients after chest wall resection. Although patients with isolated chest wall recurrence included a highly selected group, chest wall resection with myocutaneous reconstruction may provide long-term disease-free survival for these patients.
Effectiveness of Progressive Relaxation on Test Anxiety and Visual Perception

Progressive relaxation as a modifier of self-reported test anxiety and cognitive visual perception in undergraduates was tested on 23 volunteers found susceptible to progressive relaxation as indicated by selected items from the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Pretreatment consisted of the Test Anxiety Inventory and the Hidden Figures Test. Posttreatment measures were the Test Anxiety Inventory and the Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test. A mixed analysis of covariance for repeated measures with two levels of treatment (between subjects) and two levels of time (within subjects) showed a significant reduction in reported test-anxiety test-retest for all subjects but no significant effect on the Embedded Figures Test scores.
Immunological analysis of a glycoprotein (contact sites A) involved in intercellular adhesion of dictyostelium discoideum

We have prepared antisera in rabbits to the "contact sites A" glycoprotein (gp80) purified from Dictyostelium discoideum. IgG isolated these antisera reacts with a number of different proteins in D discoideum lysates, as analyzed by immune precipitation and by antibody staining of gel electropherograms transferred to nitrocellulose. blocking experiments indicate that this cross-reactivity reflects the presence of common antigeneic determinants on gp80 and other cellular proteins, rather than the presence of extraneous antibodies in the antisera. The spectrum of reactive proteins is different at different stages of development. In particular, gp80 itself is synthesized only for a restricted period during the cell aggregation phase. The protein persists throughout development and can be detected in spores. Anti-gp80 Fab fragments bind to the surface of developing D discoideum cells and specifically block their developmentally regulated adhesion. After absorption with vegetative cells, the IgG stains only gp80 and (to a lesser extent) one other band in lysates of aggregation-competent cells. The absorbed antibodies also can block adhesion. Several proteins that appear late in development also are stained by the absorbed IgG.
Studies on the cyclophorase system. XIX. Interconversion of pyridine nucleotides.

Abstract The enzymatic synthesis of triphosphopyridine nucleotide (TPN) from diphosphopyridine nucleotide (DPN) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the conversion of TPN to DPN has been shown in fractions derived from the cyclophorase-type particulate preparation from rabbit liver and kidney. The formation of DPN from TPN occurs in the soluble fraction also.
Role of STIM1 in regulation of store-operated Ca2+ influx in pheochromocytoma cells.

Changes in the local environment such as pH (acidosis/alkalosis), temperature (hypothermia/hyperthermia), and agonist (glutamate) can adversely affect neuronal function, and are important factors in clinical situations such as anesthesia and intensive care. Regulation of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) is key to neuronal function. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM1) has been recently recognized to trigger store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), an important component of [Ca2+]i regulation. Using differentiated, fura-2 loaded rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells transfected with small interference RNA for STIM1 (or vehicle), we examined the role of STIM1 in SOCE sensitivity to temperature, pH, and glutamate. SOCE was triggered following endoplasmic reticulum depletion. Cells were washed and exposed to altered pH (6.0–8.0), altered temperature (34–40°C), or to glutamate. In non-transfected cells, SOCE was inhibited by acidosis or hypothermia, but increased with alkalosis and hyperthermia. Increasing glutamate concentrations progressively stimulated SOCE. STIM1 siRNA decreased SOCE at normal temperature and pH, and substantially decreased sensitivity to acidosis and hypothermia, eliminating the concentration-dependence to glutamate. Sensitivity of SOCE to these environmental parameters was less altered by decreased extracellular Ca2+ alone (with STIM1 intact). We conclude that STIM1 mediates exquisite susceptibility of SOCE to pH, temperature, and glutamate: factors that can adversely affect neuronal function under pathological conditions.
Reply: Downstream cut-offs in integrated hybrid life-cycle assessment

Abstract In the comment by Peters and Hertwich (Peters, G.P., Hertwich, E., 2006-this issue), the authors provide two interpretations on one of the block matrices that is a part of the integrated hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework presented in Suh (2004a) (Suh, S., 2004a. Functions, commodities and environmental impacts in an ecological economic model. Ecological Economics 48 (4), 451–467). The authors argue that the contribution of the downstream cut-off matrix to the overall results might be small, or the amount of resources needed to compile the matrix will be too high, depending on the type of the LCA databases that the authors distinguish. In this response, I confirm that the contribution of the downstream cut-off matrix is generally minor, which can be easily recognized from the structure of the system. However, one should realize that there are the cases when it is not, leaving little reason to automatically preset the downstream cut-off matrix as a zero matrix. A set of conditions under which a downstream cut-off matrix becomes an important part is discussed, and a practical method for checking the potential importance of a downstream cut-off matrix before actually compiling data is presented. The method is tested using the numerical example shown in Suh (2004a) . The distinction of LCA databases based on their capabilities of handling arbitrary demands, which is proposed by Peters and Hertwich, is discussed from an LCA practitioner’s point of view, and it is argued that the actual process of data collection for the downstream cut-off matrix is far from what the authors suggest. Finally, a step-wise strategy for an efficient data collection under the budget and time constraints is discussed.