cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decision tool to improve the quality of care in rheumatoid arthritis

Objective Despite the importance of achieving tight control, many patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are not effectively treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The objective of this study was to develop a decision support tool to inform RA patients with ongoing active disease about the risks and benefits related to biologic therapy. Methods We developed a balanced, web-based, decision support tool. Options, values, and probabilistic information were described using theoretically supported formulations. We conducted a pre-/posttest study to assess preliminary evidence of the tool's efficacy in improving knowledge related to biologics, clarity of values, willingness to take a biologic, and informed choice. Results We interviewed 104 subjects (mean age 62 years, 84% women, 87% white, and median duration of RA 8 years). Knowledge (coded on a 0–20 scale) and willingness to take a biologic (coded on a 0–10 scale) significantly increased after viewing the tool (mean differences 2.3 and 1.4, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both). Perceived knowledge and values clarity (coded on 0–100 scales) also significantly improved (mean differences 20.4 and 20.8, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both). The proportion of subjects making an informed value-concordant choice increased substantially from 35% to 64%. Conclusion A tool designed to effectively communicate the risks and benefits associated with biologic therapy increased knowledge, patient willingness to escalate care, and the likelihood of making an informed choice. The results of this study support the need for a clinical trial to examine the impact of the tool in clinical practice.
Effect of Parenteral Liver Extract on the Blood Picture of New Born Rats.

Summary1. The transition from megaloblastic to normoblastic erythropoiesis appears to be reflected in data on the blood cell values of normal rats from birth to 24 days of age. 2. Blood cell values of young whose mothers were injected with liver extract before and during pregnancy were found to be not significantly different from control values at comparable ages after birth. 3. Blood cell values of young rats directly injected with liver extract up to the fourteenth day after birth were found not to be significantly different from control values at comparable ages after birth. 4. The young rat's reaction to the presence of excess anti-anemic principle resembles that of the human macrocytic hyperchromic anemia patient maintained on adequate amounts of liver extract.
Polyphosphate: A new player in the field of hemostasis

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polyphosphate (polyP) is an inorganic polymer that has recently been shown to be secreted by activated platelets. It is a potent modulator of the blood clotting and complement systems in hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS This review focuses on what is currently known about which blood cells secrete polyP, and the roles that polyP plays in modulating the blood clotting and complement systems in health and disease. SUMMARY PolyP is a novel player in normal hemostasis and likely plays roles in thrombotic diseases and also in host responses to pathogens. It is also potentially a drug target, as its contributions to hemostasis appear to be to accelerate blood clotting but are not required for blood clotting to happen.
Building a Shared Digital Collection: The Experience of the Cooperating Libraries in Consortium

Recognizing the digital opportunities available, the libraries of eight educational institutions in Minnesota built on a previously existing consortial relationship in order to explore the possibility of sharing a Digital Asset Management System (DAMS). This article discusses the experience of these institutions as they chose CONTENTdm and the considerations made when settling on an option viable for a consortium. It elaborates on the shared cost considerations, hardware purchases, and the consortium's experience as it purchased and implemented the software, formalized avenues of communication, and established collection standards. We close by discussing the opportunities, challenges, and rewards experienced by those involved.
Algebraic K-theory with continuous control at infinity

Let (E, Σ) be a pair of spaces consisting of a compact Hausdorff space Ē and a closed subspace Σ. Let U be an additive category. This paper introduces the category B(E, Σ; U of geometric modules over E with coefficients in U and with continuous control at infinity. One of the main results is to show that the functor that sends a CW complex X to the algebraic K-theory of B(cX, X; U) is a homology theory. Here cX is the closed cone on X and X is its base. The categories B(E, Σ; U) are generalizations of the categories C(Z; U) of geometric modules and bounded morphisms introduced by Pedersen and Weibel [8]. Here (Z, ϱ) is a complete metric space. If X is a finite CW complex and O(X) is the metric space open cone on X considered in [9], then there is an inclusion of categories C(O(X); U)→B(cX, X; U). A second main result is that this inclusion induces an isomorphism on K-theory. One advantage of the present approach is that B(E, Σ; U) depends only on the topology of (E, Σ) and not on any metric properties. This should make application of these ideas to problems involving stratified spaces, for example, more direct and natural.
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION OF ITEM RESPONSE PARAMETERS WHEN SOME RESPONSES ARE OMITTED

A theoretical model is given for dealing with omitted responses. Two special cases are investigated.
Addendum to 'Electrical impedance tomography'

We present some additional references and clarifying statements to the topical review 'Electrical impedance tomography' (Borcea L 2002 Inverse Problems 18 R99–136).
Regulation of Sp100A Subnuclear Localization and Transcriptional Function by EBNA-LP and Interferon

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) efficiently immortalizes human B cells and is associated with several human malignancies. The EBV transcriptional activating protein EBNA2 and the EBNA2 coactivator EBNA-leader protein (EBNA-LP) are important for B cell immortalization. Recent observations from our laboratory indicate that EBNA-LP coactivation function is mediated through interactions with the interferon-inducible gene (ISG) Sp100, resulting in displacement from its normal location in promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs) into the nucleoplasm. The EBNA-LP- and interferon-mediated mechanisms that regulate Sp100 subnuclear localization and transcriptional function remain undefined. To clarify these issues, we generated a panel of Sp100 mutant proteins to ascertain whether EBNA-LP induces Sp100 displacement from PML NBs by interfering with Sp100 dimerization or through other domains. In addition, we tested EBNA-LP function in interferon-treated cells. Our results indicate that Sp100 dimerization, PML NB localization, and EBNA-LP interaction domains overlap significantly. We also show that IFN-beta does not inhibit EBNA-LP coactivation function. The results suggest that EBNA-LP might play a role in EBV-evasion of IFN-mediated antiviral responses.
Effects of ceftazidime, a betalactam antibiotic, on murine haemopoiesis in vitro

Agranulocytosis has been reported in 5-15% of patients treated with high-dose betalactam antibiotics (BLA). We investigated the toxic effect of ceftazidime (CEF) as a representative of these antibiotics on colony-forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM), on burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) colony growth and on myelopoiesis in murine long-term bone marrow culture (mLTBMC). The CEF concentration resulting in a 50% inhibition of growth was 146 micrograms/ml (267 microM) for CFU-GM, 132 micrograms/ml (241 microM) for BFU-E and 180 micrograms/ml (329 microM) for myeloid cell production in the supernatant of mLTBMC. Following addition of CEF to mLTBMC, CFU-GM remained low for 1 week and total myeloid cell production remained low for 2 weeks after removal of CEF from culture. Thereafter the values returned to control levels. The myeloid differential counts in the supernatant and adherent layers demonstrated a 'maturation arrest', which could be overcome by simultaneously adding all-trans retinoic acid to culture. These results demonstrate that CEF has reversible inhibitory effects on myelopoiesis and highlight the utility of in vitro haemopoietic assays as models to examine drug-induced haemopoietic dyscrasias.
Absolute input-output stability of feedback systems with a single time-varying gain

Abstract The absolute input-output stability of a time-varying nonlinear feedback system may be established by a simple frequency domain test similar to the Popov test. The test is applicable in the case where the nonlinearity and time-varying gain are separable. Further, the time-varying gain must be nonnegative, bounded, and with a rate of variation bounded from above.
Gender Backlash in American Politics

In this essay, I start to sketch a research agenda about an electoral backlash against women's descriptive representation. Few scholars have considered the possibility of such a backlash. By “backlash,” I mean resistance to attempts to change the status quo. As Jane Mansbridge and Shauna Shames argue in this issue, when actors disadvantaged by the status quo work to enact change, they may be met by a reaction by those seeking to maintain existing power arrangements. In the following pages, I introduce the idea of a backlash against women's representation, propose several preliminary hypotheses about a backlash, and discuss ways of testing them.
FRONTLINE--Not your grandparents' psychoanalysis.

The papers that comprise this section of the Journal were presented as an American Psychiatric Association Presidential Symposium, Today’s Dynamic Psychotherapy: Not Your Grandparents’ Psychoanalysis, at the 2008 American Psychiatric Association meeting in Washington, DC. The Chair of that session and the editor of this section is Joseph P. Merlino. To more accurately signal in publication the medical psychiatric content of these essays, we have changed “Dynamic Psychotherapy” in the title to “Dynamic Psychiatry.” The Frontline contribution by Katherine A. Stratigos that serves, here, to introduce the papers of the Symposium is modified from her discussion of the presentations at the Symposium —DHI
La lutte contre le racisme en l'absence de politique antiraciste : Le cas du Québec (1990-2004)

Cet article examine la strategie quebecoise de lutte contre le racisme et la discrimination raciale contenue dans deux enonces gouvernementaux. Partant de l’hypothese selon laquelle l’inscription du racisme comme une simple barriere a l’integration des nouveaux immigrants en general et des membres des minorites dites visibles en particulier eclipse la specificite de ce probleme social, l’auteur argue que l’action gouvernementale reste relativement timide dans ses objectifs et ses instruments parce qu’elle met l’accent davantage sur l’expression individuelle du racisme plutot que sur ses manifestations institutionnelles. L’auteur en appelle a un debat public plus large, d’une part, pour elaborer une strategie quebecoise qui tienne compte des facteurs historiques, politiques et economiques qui expliquent le racisme ; d’autre part, pour mieux adapter l’intervention etatique aux effets des tensions internationales sur les relations intercommunautaires au Quebec.
The Müller-Lyer illusion explained by the statistics of image–source relationships

The Muller-Lyer effect, the apparent difference in the length of a line as the result of its adornment with arrowheads or arrow tails, is the best known and most controversial of the classical geometrical illusions. By sampling a range-image database of natural scenes, we show that the perceptual effects elicited by the MullerLyer stimulus and its major variants are correctly predicted by the probability distributions of the possible physical sources underlying the relevant retinal images. These results support the conclusion that the Muller-Lyer illusion is a manifestation of the probabilistic strategy of visual processing that has evolved to contend with the uncertain provenance of retinal stimuli.
ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAYS: volume 10 of the Clay Minerals Society Workshop Lectures (Alanah Fitch, Ed). The Clay Minerals Society, Aurora, CO, 2003, 205 pp. $26

This book consists of a compilation of five papers covering many aspects of electrochemical properties of clay minerals, metal oxides, and metal oxyhydroxides. This is an excellent reference for material scientists, chemists, and geochemists involved with this ever-expanding area of research. Applications of electrochemistry to redox-active solids are widespread, ranging from fuel cell research to environmental site restoration. The goal of this book is to provide a wide variety of examples that couple electrochemical methods with clay mineral and metal oxide research. This goal is reached through diverse discussions on electrochemistry provided by the authors. Theoretical considerations and experimental results of both basic and applied research dealing with the electrochemistry of clay minerals are presented. Topics covered include in-depth discussions on surface chemistry properties (diffuse double layer) of …
Stretched Exponential Stress Relaxation in a Thermally Reversible, Physically Associating Block Copolymer Solution

The shear stress relaxation of a thermally reversible, physically associating solution formed from a triblock copolymer in solvent selective for the mid-block was found to be well described over a broad temperature range by a stretched exponential function with a temperature independent ‘stretching exponent’, β ≈ 1/3. This same exponent value has been suggested to have particular significance in describing structural relaxation in a wide range of disordered viscoelastic materials ranging from associating polymer materials (‘gels’) to glass-forming liquids. We quantify the temperature dependence of the high frequency, or short time, shear modulus as function of temperature and find that this property also follows a variation often observed in gels and glass-forming materials.
Implementing microcomputers in local government: a case study of a loosely structured approach

Microcomputers and microcomputer technology offer ample opportunity for improving the productivity, decision making, and work quality of government. However, if they are not adequately implemented, the opportunities are lost and resources wasted. One purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a loosely structured implementation approach on various criteria of microcomputer success, including redundancy, opportunism, decision quality, and work quality. Another purpose is to determine whether the loosely structured approach is just a stage in a development toward a more structured strategy, or alternatively, whether the loosely structured technique is an enduring, workable method of implementation. Loosely structured connotes an approach that has both openness and rules, but favors individual choice over formal organizational rules and structure. The loosely structured approach is important to probe because it may be a default choice. It may be used because of lack of knowledge about traditional, formal methods of computer implementation. It may also be a forced, cost containment choice that relies mostly on endusers, supplemented by some professional systems analysis assistance. The research to investigate these issues is a longitudinal case study of a budget office in a large local government that started with a loosely structured style. The period covered included the years 1985 to 1992 with interviews taking place in 1988, 1990 and 1992.Theoretical premises were drawn from organizational work on loosely coupled systems and evolutionary models of implementing information technology. The findings show that the loosely structured approach initially encouraged and bred opportunism, that is, innovative and useful application of microcomputers by a few, but low or routine use by many. The loosely structured approach gradually gave some ground to a more traditional systems strategy. This entailed assistance from professional information management specialists on more complex connectivity applications and development tasks, as well as planned systems analysis by the budget staff itself. These efforts yielded better data exchanges plus office wide network applications. However, a linear evolution from loosely structured to planned control did not occur, rather, the two intermingled and existed side by side. Overall, the loosely structured approach benefitted the work of the office, but its functionality also derived from the highly professional nature of the staff and the influx of new staff with greater computer knowledge. Continued work is needed to compare different implementation approaches and different work environments in order to advance the implementation of microcomputers and the associated technology, especially as the microcomputer positions itself to become an integral part of organizational information technology in government.
Promising feedback methods for transmit beamforming in broadband mobile OFDM

This paper details three methods for closed-loop operation in the downlink of a broadband mobile OFDM system: uplink sounding, codebook feedback, and direct channel feedback (DCFB). Uplink sounding is intended for TDD systems and works by the base translating the uplink channel estimates into downlink channel estimates. DCFB is a means of obtaining full channel knowledge in either FDD or TDD systems. In DCFB, the mobile replaces normal transmitted symbols with a DCFB waveform constructed from downlink channel estimates to multiple base antennas. Another feedback method for TDD or FDD is codebook feedback where the mobile chooses a best transmit weight out of a codebook of 2B vectors and then signals this weight back to the base. To track the frequency-selective channel, multiple codebook vectors are sent back corresponding to different parts of the band. Simulation results show that uplink sounding is the best method for obtaining channel information for transmit beamforming, but sounding is only effective in TDD systems. For FDD, DCFB is more flexible, computationally efficient (at the mobile), and effective than codebook feedback for broadband transmit beamforming at the base
Potentiation of Mitomycin C and Porfiromycin Antitumor Activity in Solid Tumor Models by Recombinant Human Interleukin 1α

Abstract The time- and dose-dependent effects of recombinant human interleukin 1α (IL-1α) on the antitumor activity of mitomycin C (MMC) and porfiromycin (PORF) were studied in RIF-1 and Panc02 solid tumor model systems. IL-1α produced dose-dependent sensitization of clonogenic RIF-1 tumor cells to MMC in vivo. IL-1α chemosensitization was highly schedule dependent, and the most efficacious schedules produced dose-modifying factors of 3.6 and 5.1 for MMC and PORF, respectively. More than additive clonogenic cell kill after IL-1α-chemotherapy combinations reflected increased cellular sensitivity to MMC and PORF. The combinations also produced marked decreases in the yield of viable tumor cells, suggesting that the bioreductive drugs may have also potentiated the microvascular injury and ischemia produced by IL-1α. Dexamethasone inhibited and ketoconazole, an inhibitor of corticosterone biosynthesis, enhanced IL-1α-mediated chemosensitization in these models. IL-1α mediated chemosensitization to MMC, and PORF was also demonstrated by tumor growth inhibition in the RIF-1 model and increased survival of mice in the spontaneously metastasizing Panc02 system. Chemosensitization of bone marrow spleen colony-forming units was not seen. IL-1α (1000 units/ml) had no effect on MMC and PORF cytotoxicity in RIF-1 and PORF cell lines in vitro. The results indicate that the tumor-specific IL-1α-induced pathophysiologies can sensitize solid tumors to agents which are preferentially activated, retained, and cytotoxic to cells under hypoxic conditions. Our results suggest that strategies combining bioreductively activated hypoxic cell cytotoxins and biological agents might offer efficacious alternatives or adjuvants to conventional combination approaches.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a child while in remission for acute lymphocytic leukemia

The occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and malignancy in the same patient is rare. When LCH occurs concomitantly with acute leukemia, distinct temporal patterns often exist; acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) typically succeeds LCH, whereas acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) usually precedes it. We report a case of LCH developing in a child while in remission for ALL. Unique features of this case include the disseminated nature of the LCH and the death of the patient from LCH rather than ALL.
Variability in inter-joint coordination during walking of elderly adults and its association with clinical balance measures.

Abstract Background Walking requires coordination among multiple joints. Little is known about the association between the coordination ability and fall risks in elderly adults. This study investigated variability of inter-joint coordination in elderly adults and determined its correlation to clinical balance measures. Methods Gait analyses of 15 non-fallers and 15 fallers were performed during walking. Continuous relative phase, derived from phase angles of two adjacent joints, was used to assess the inter-joint coordination. Variability of inter-joint coordination was calculated as the average standard deviation of all points on the ensemble continuous relative phase curve over a gait cycle, namely the deviation phase. Outcomes from three clinical balance tests, including Berg Balance Test, Dynamic Gait Index and Timed Up-and-Go, were examined. Findings No significant group differences were detected in hip–knee deviation phase values after accounting for differences in walking speeds. For the knee–ankle deviation phase, fallers demonstrated significantly greater values in the stance phase but smaller values in the swing phase. The hip–knee deviation phase values demonstrated a negative correlation with Dynamic Gait Index, and the knee–ankle deviation phase values had a negative correlation with Dynamic Gait Index and a positive correlation with Timed Up-and-Go time. Interpretation Excessive variability of the supporting limb and reduced variability of the swing limb in knee–ankle inter-joint coordination of fallers may contribute to their risk of imbalance or tripping during walking. Compared to Berg Balance Test and Timed Up-and-Go, Dynamic Gait Index scores might be more sensitive to reflect declines in inter-joint coordination during walking.
Nomogram for predicting malignancy in thyroid nodules using clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographic, and cytologic features.

Background Thyroid nodules often discovered incidentally and present a management problem particularly when investigations suggest atypical or suspicious cells. Prediction of the risk of malignancy within such a thyroid nodule is based on clinical, biochemical, ultrasonographic, and cytologic features. Our aim was to create a nomogram to predict accurately the chance of malignancy within a thyroid nodule. Methods All patients with thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasonographic-guided fine needle aspiration and operative resection at our institution during 2007–2008 were identified. Clinical records, biochemical profiles, pathology reports, ultrasonographic images, and cytology slides were reviewed. A multivariate logistic regression was used to quantify the value of the variables in estimating the risk of malignancy. Results The records of 158 patients with 190 nodules were reviewed. Eighteen nodules were excluded. The 8 variables with the greatest predictive value selected for the nomogram were biochemical (thyroid-stimulating hormone), ultrasonography (shape, echo texture, and vascularity), and cytology (nuclear grooves, pseudoinclusions, cellularity, and presence of colloid). The nomogram had an excellent predictive accuracy with a concordance index of 91%. Conclusion We produced a nomogram that can quantify accurately the risk of malignancy in a thyroid nodule based on biochemical, ultrasonographic, and cytologic features.
Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of Stoichiometric Aluminum Silicate (Mullite)

Highly dense translucent polycrystalline bodies of stoichiometric aluminum silicate (mullite) were obtained by vacuum-hot-pressing of high-purity submicron mixed oxide powders. The powders were prepared by the hydrolytic decomposition of mixed metal alkoxides. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy indicated that the initially amorphous needlelike fine particulates transform into highly crystalline orthorhombic mullite at ∼1200°C. Optimum hot-pressing conditions were 5 kpsi and 1500°C for 30 min. Densities within experimental error of the theoretical value of 3.19 g/cm3 were obtained. A typical microstructure consisted of fine interlocking needlelike grains arranged in an overall mosaic or “jigsaw” pattern. Microprobe traverses across the samples indicated homogeneous dispersion of SiO2 in the AlO3 matrix. Room-temperature mechanical properties were measured and correlated with the microstructure and crystal structure of the ceramic compact. A slightly higher melting temperature than has been previously reported was observed for the 3Al2O3·2SiO2 studied. All specimens exhibited a smooth surface finish and excellent thermal-shock resistance from 1200°C to room temperature.
Performance Aspects of Stochastic Nonlinear System Classification by Pattern Recognition Methods

The feasibility of identifying an unknown nonlinear stochastic system as belonging to a class of such systems by use of pattern recognition methods has recently been demonstrated. This paper examines the performance aspects of the classification technique by means of a theoretical approximation to the Bayes minimum classification error. The error is shown to be strongly dependent upon the pattern vector dimension thus showing that the classification error can be controlled by appropriate choice of pattern dimension. Two detailed classification examples are included, the first of which may be compared to earlier experimental results to substantiate the approximations used.
Analysis of high-frequency seismic noise in the western United States and eastern Kazakhstan

Seismographic stations were operated for several months during 1987 at three sites within 250 km of the Kazakh Test Site in the U.S.S.R. and through most of 1988 and early 1989 at three sites within 250 km of the Nevada test site in the United States. We have analyzed surface and borehole noise levels at these sites as a function of wind speed, using nearly 2000 recordings of ambient ground noise collected at the U.S. stations and several hundred noise measurements from the U.S.S.R. sites. At the surface, wind did not become a noticeable source of noise until a minimum speed of 4 to 5 m/sec. In the boreholes, noise levels were affected by wind conditions to a much smaller degree than at the surface. Between 3 and 10 Hz, surface and borehole noise levels were typically comparable, and western U.S. sites were generally quieter than Kazakh sites. In the 10 to 80 Hz band, surface noise in the western United States was much higher than in Kazakhstan, but downhole noise levels in both regions were similar, and greatly reduced compared to surface noise. We suspect that this is due to differences in surface vault quality between the two sets of stations.
Surplus Export Policy and Domestic Farm Policy

IN THE last three years we have seen a gradual recovery of United States agricultural exports from the post Korean War drop. The current volume of exports is at about the same level as prevailed in the boom years of the late 20's and in the post World War II period. When the historical trend is calculated at constant prices, the 1956 level of farm exports was at a postwar peak and was surpassed in the last thirty years only slightly by 1927. In respect to the recent upturn in agricultural exports, it seems fair to say that there is little likelihood that we will be able to maintain this increased volume of exports over any extended period of time. This judgment is supported by the fact that 41 percent of our farm exports last year went out under foreign loans, grants to foreign governments, special barter deals for strategic materials, and sales for foreign currency. While our total agricultural exports have increased almost 20 percent since 1954, bonafide sales in the open market abroad declined by about 6 percent.1 To put it another way, our agricultural export market is expanding at a slightly lower rate than the rate of increase in Congressional appropriations to pay for exports. Aside from the long-standing reciprocal trade agreements program, our current agricultural trade policy finds expression primarily in the Agricultural Trade and Development Act of 1954. This act authorizes sales for foreign currencies, barter transactions, grants for emergency foreign relief, and donations to private charities for the needy overseas. Sales for foreign currencies have accounted for a major part of the exports under this program. The one remaining new look in our export policy is found in a competitive pricing and export subsidy plan which has been in operation about a year. This is an attempt to hurdle the price gap between the domestic and export markets on price supported products. This gap ranges from as low as 9 percent for some seed crops to around 40 percent of the price for nonfat dry milk solids. To close or narrow this gap the Commodity Credit Corporation sells surplus stocks to exporters at competitive prices or export subsidies are paid to them. Last year C.C.C. released for sale to exporters nearly one billion dollars' worth of surplus products (mostly wheat and cotton) at world prices. This amounted to 28 percent of our total agricultural exports in 1956. The proponents of this plan can
Modeling Nutrient Dynamics in Watersheds and Streams

Stream water quality is dependent on a number of complex and highly variable pollutant-generating processes that occur in the upland and riparian zones of a watershed. A combination of watershed and channel models is used to determine the response of stream water quality to land use management activities that affect the supply of sediment and nutrients to channels. The models are integrated using terrain analysis and GIS technology, where data processing algorithms define a conceptual description of the drainage network and the corresponding subcatchments to be used by all modeling components. The CCHE1D one-dimensional channel network model is used to compute unsteady flows and the transport and fate of nutrients through the channels of the watershed. The model accounts for the biogeochemical transformation processes that determine nutrient concentrations, in particular the simulation of the aquatic cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The watershed model AGNPS is used to simulate the hydrologic processes and to compute the sediment and nutrient loads that reach the channels. The CCHE1D’s water quality module is initially validated using data on BOD and nitrogen compounds from primarily point-sources, measured in the Chattahoochee River. The model integration concept is demonstrated through an application to the Goodwin Creek watershed, in north Mississippi. The integrated model is used to evaluate the system’s response to hypothetical land use changes, which represent possible management scenarios used to control the supply of nutrients to the streams.
Phenotypic Differentiation and Hybrid Breakdown within Phyciodes “tharos” (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Northeastern United States

Phyciodes “tharos” in the northeastern United States is actually composed of two entities, “Type A” and “Type B,” which differ in phenotypic appearance, geographic range, ecology, flight dates, voltinism, and development rate. Laboratory crosses between populations of Type A from southwestern Pennsylvania and Type B from Pennsylvania, New York State, and Vermont showed a syndrome of hybrid breakdown manifested by reduction in F1 hybrid fertility and F1 and backcross embryonic viability, and abnormal adult sex ratios, development times and eclosion patterns. In addition there was significant hybrid incompatibility involving reductions in embryonic viability and abnormal sex ratios in crosses between the Type B populations from New York and Vermont. This incompatibility seems to be due to parental differences in comparatively few specialized and highly critical genetic systems responsible for growth and development. Type A (typical P. tharos ) and Type B (eastern P. pascoensis ) are full species which maintain reproductive isolation in a narrow band of sympatry.
Variable-Frequency Energy Conservation Modification in FD and ID Fan of Boiler

Because of the low efficiency of FD fan and ID fan using air-damper control in boiler,so a large amount of energy was wasted.Based on the analysis of variable frequency energy-saving principles for the centrifugal fans,method for energy saving by means of inverter retrofit was proposed to improve the operation efficiency of fans.Beside,comparison and conclusion was made that operation cost was reduced and energy was largely saved and the direct and indirect economic benefits was obvious.
TH‐AB‐202‐06: BEST IN PHYSICS (JOINT IMAGING‐THERAPY): A Real‐Time Tumor Tracking Using Novel Scatter Imaging Modality During Lung SBRT

Purpose: Compared to traditional radiotherapy techniques, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) provides more favorable outcomes during the treatment of certain lung tumors. Despite advancements in image guidance, accurate target localization still remains a challenge. In this work, we expand our knowledge of a novel scatter imaging modality in order to develop a real-time tumor localization method using scattered photons from the patient during treatment. Methods: Images of the QUASAR™ Respiratory Motion Phantom were taken by irradiating it on a Varian TrueBeam accelerator. The scattered radiation was detected using a flat panel-based pinhole camera detection system. Two motion settings were investigated: static and dynamic. In the former, the lung tumor was manually shifted between imaging. In the latter, the lung tumor was set to move at a certain frequency and amplitude while the images were acquired continuously for one minute. The accuracy of tumor localization and the irradiation time required to distinguish the lung tumor were studied. Results: The comparison of measured and expected location of the lung tumor during static motion was shown to be under standard deviation (STD) of 0.064 with a mean STD of 0.031cm. The dynamic motion was taken at a rate of 1400 MU/min for one minute and the measured location of the lung tumor was then compared with the QUASAR phantom’s sinusoidal motion pattern and the agreement found to be at an average STD of 0.275cm. The location of the lung tumor was investigated using aggregate images consisting of 1 or 2 frames/image and the change was below STD of 0.30cm. The lung tumor also appeared to be blurrier in images consisting of two frames. Conclusion: Based on our preliminary results real-time image guidance using the scatter imaging modality to localize and track tumors during lung SBRT has the potential to become clinical reality.
Incretin-based drugs were not linked to HF hospitalization compared with other oral antidiabetic drug combinations.

Source Citation Filion KB, Azoulay L, Platt RW, et al; CNODES Investigators. A multicenter observational study of incretin-based drugs and heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2016;374:1145-54. 27007958
You Can't Write Without Research: The Role of Research Instruction in the Upper-Level Writing Requirement

The majority of law students still meet the ABA's upper-level writing requirement using a piece of scholarly legal writing. Despite this, most students receive little-to-no formal scholarly research and writing instruction. This article argues that the informal instruction on the scholarly research and writing taking place in law libraries, as demonstrated by the results of a survey of law libraries across the country, should be formalized in one of four ways to ensure that students are receiving the instruction they need to write papers of publishable quality without placing a further burden on the rest of the law faculty.
Gems Hidden in Plain Sight: Peer Play Psychotherapy Nourishes Relationships and Growth Across Developmental Domains Among Young Children

Peer play psychotherapy (PPP) within preschool settings is a developmentally appropriate, ecologically valid and invaluable open door for positive change in young children of widely varied diagnoses and at-risk conditions with collateral impact on their many different types of parents (Fantuzzo et al. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64:1377–1386, 2004; Pressman and Blumenfeld. Family and Child Mental Health Journal 7, 1981; Shanok et al. Child and Adolescent Social Work 6:72–95, 1989). This chapter summarizes basic findings on the efficacy of the modality as an effective and unique intervention tool to be used in preschool settings. The authors contend that PPP and other group play psychotherapy interventions that use peer relationships as a main therapeutic tool hold considerable potential to modify and improve children’s basic object relational schemas and reflective functioning capacities; these capacities have robust links with children’s academic, social, cognitive, and emotional functioning (Fonagy and Target. Development and Psychopathology 9:679–700, 1997; Kobak et al. Developmental psychopathology: Theory & method, 2006; Sroufe et al. The development of the person: The Minnesota study of risk and adaptation from birth to adulthood, 2005). Further, the on-site intervention and outreach methods enable even hard-to-reach parents to agree to psychotherapeutic intervention for their children. In turn, the children provide a portal to therapeutic intervention with their parents. Using attachment theory and research as the point of reference, this chapter reviews the foundations and governing concepts of PPP including reflective supervision, and presents Relationships for Growth & Learning (RfGL), a version of PPP. This chapter concludes with a discussion of a case vignette, one which provides descriptions of the interactions between two children within a typical RfGL PPP group to illustrate its working mechanisms and vitality.
Neutron radiation damage and recovery studies of SiPMs

We characterized the performance of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) before and after exposure of up to 1012 neutron/cm2 dosage. We show that the typical orders of magnitude increase of dark current upon neutron irradiation can be suppressed by operating it at a lower temperature and single-photoelectron detection capability can be restored. The required operating temperature depends on the dosage received. Furthermore, after high temperature thermal annealing, there is compelling evidence that the extrinsic dark current is lowered by orders of magnitude and single-photon detection performance are to some extent recovered at room temperature. Our experimental findings might have widespread implications for extending the functionality and the useful lifetime of current and future large scale SiPM detectors deployed in ionization radiation environment.
Involving Children in Decisions Affecting Their Own Welfare

The foregoing chapters have provided analyses of legal, psychological, and social issues relevant to children’s “competency” to make decisions affecting their own welfare. Scholars, scientists, and practitioners have focused attention on these issues in response to the courts’ involvement in cases concerning the rights of legal minors to make autonomous decisions. Most publicized have been the United States Supreme Court’s 1979 decisions in the cases of Parham v. J. R.1 and Bellotti v. Baird 2. The first case involved the rights of minors whose parents petition for their admission to psychiatric hospitals. In Bellotti, the Court considered the right of minor females to obtain abortions independent of their parents’ consent.
Complexes of MN2S2·Fe(η5-C5R5)(CO) as platform for exploring cooperative heterobimetallic effects in HER electrocatalysis

The control of aggregation at sulfur by metallodithiolates (MN2S2) has made them prime candidates as building blocks for the synthesis of biomimetics of various bimetallic enzyme active sites, with reactivity consequences implicating redox control by both metal centers. Recent studies of MN2S2 (M = Ni2+, Fe(NO)2+) bound to [(η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)]+ as electrocatalysts for proton reduction, the hydrogen evolution reaction, demonstrated reduction-induced hemi-lability of the bridging cis-dithiolates as a key step in the electrochemical proton reduction process (Ding, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2016, 138, 12920-12927). The MN2S2·Fe(η5-C5R5)(CO) platform offers numerous possibilities for tuning the electronic character of the M(μ-S2)Fe core. As well as modifying M within the metallodithiolate ligand, replacing H by CH3 at the η5-C5R5 moiety increases the electron density at the Fe center, which might facilitate the reductive Fe-S bond cleavage. Although release of a free thiolate in these hemi-labile ligands creates a needed internal pendant base, this benefit might be countered by the increase in over-potential for addition of the first electron. Herein we report the preparation and characterization of four bimetallic aggregates with the (η5-C5R5)Fe(CO) (R = H, CH3; Fe' or Fe*', respectively) or the dicarbonyl (η5-C5R5)Fe(CO)2 scaffold (R = H, CH3; Fe'' or Fe*'', respectively) bound to redox active MN2S2 ligands (M = Ni2+, Co(NO)2+; N2S2 = bismercaptoethane diazacycloheptane) Co-Fe*', Ni-Fe*', Co-Fe' and Co-Fe*'' complexes. The bidentate complexes were found to be electrocatalysts for proton reduction, although at high over-potential, especially for the derivatives of the electron-rich (η5-C5(CH3)5)Fe(CO)+. The turnover (TON) and turnover frequencies (TOF) were determined and found to be comparable to the previously reported MN2S2·Fe(η5-C5H5)(CO)+ analogues.
Implementation of user defined models in a real-time cyber physical test-bed

Online tools that can assess the state of the power system have been recommended in order to reduce the occurrences of large scale blackouts. Testing these novel methods on a real system is not recommended as the reliability of the system is at stake. Instead, a better way to judge the performance of the algorithm is to test it on a Cyber-Physical Real-Time Test-Bed. This paper describes the necessary components in a Real-Time Test-Bed and explains the different kinds of simulations possible. Next, the application of characterizing delayed voltage recovery is taken as an example to demonstrate the thought process on how to implement a Real-Time algorithm. The proposed algorithm can quantify the delayed voltage recovery at a load bus in real time based on voltage measurements from PMU's. This approach uses the idea of utilizing the Kullback-Leibler Divergence between the Probability Distributions of the delayed voltage response and the reference waveform as a way to quantify it. An implementation of the method in a real time cyber-physical test bed, using User-Defined models created in Modelica is described.
Public Views on Pulse Oximetry Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease

Objectives To understand public views on pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease. Methods Two hundred thirteen adults read a brief vignette describing the importance of early detection of critical congenital heart disease and then answered five questions on a five-point scale of how likely or unlikely they were to support pulse oximetry screening. Responses were tabulated and analyzed using a Fisher exact test, and logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for adjusted associations using generalized estimating equations. Results Almost 90% of all participants expressed support for routine pulse oximetry screening. The possibility of false positives leading to a delay in discharge, and the potential need for transfer to another facility lowered support but did not reach a statistical significance. The overall support for pulse oximetry screening was strong and consistent between different participant demographics. Conclusion A large majority of participants in this study support pulse oximetry screening for the early detection of critical congenital heart disease.
Empowering Marginalized Youth: A Self‐Transformative Intervention for Promoting Positive Youth Development

This article reports the results of a positive youth development (PYD) intervention for adolescents in alternative high schools (209 African American and Hispanic American adolescents, aged 14–18; 118 females and 91 males). The intervention was guided by a self-transformative model of PYD (Eichas, Meca, Montgomery, & Kurtines, 2014). This model proposes that the actions youth take to define themselves function as active ingredients in positive development over the life course. Consistent with the self-transformative model, results provided support for direct or mediated intervention effects on the self-transformative processes of self-construction and self-discovery, life goal development, identity synthesis, and internalizing problems. The findings illustrate the utility of using a self-transformative approach to PYD in work with marginalized youth populations.
A Test of Six Models of Coorientation: The Effect of Task and Disagreement Level on Judgments of Uncertainty, Utility, and Desired Communicative Behavior

(1981). A Test of Six Models of Coorientation: The Effect of Task and Disagreement Level on Judgments of Uncertainty, Utility, and Desired Communicative Behavior. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 5, Communication Yearbook 5, pp. 303-330.
Aging and the Biological Clock

Aging and the biological clock are linked via metabolism. We explore how different pathways within metabolism link aging and the clock. These linking pathways include those involving: (1) sphingolipid metabolism; (2) the sir2 complex of genes affecting caloric restriction ; (3) pathways underlying oxidative stress ; (4) the cell cycle ; and (5) glucose metabolism . Making these metabolic linkages in Neurospora crassa is facilitated by the availability of an entire transcriptional network for the clock. Emerging themes include epistatic interactions between genes leading to effects on the clock and aging . We also present evidence that these five metabolic linkages affecting aging provide feedback to the clock. Metabolism is not only driven by the clock, but metabolism is likely to provide feedback to the clock by a variety of metabolic mechanisms.
Preface: ATM special section: lower extremity arthroplasty.

This special section of Annals of Translational Medicine focuses on important topics and techniques in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). It is not only meant for the orthopaedic audience, but also for the general readership who are interested in learning about the application of various surgical concepts. Therefore, we purposefully included studies evaluating a wide range of procedures and patient populations.
Fourier ptychography for parallel microscopy (Conference Presentation)

Fourier Ptychography has shown that we can computationally correct physical aberrations. Thereby, allow us to move beyond the traditional strategy of accomplishing high quality imaging through the exacting refinement of the physical microscope system. I will report on the use of Fourier Ptychography to implement high quality parallel imaging with plastic molded lenses for 96 well plate imaging.
Nuclear Polarization in the B-11 (d, p) B-12 Reaction. I

Measurements of the polarization of the ${\mathrm{B}}^{12}$ recoils produced in the ${\mathrm{B}}^{11}(d,p){\mathrm{B}}^{12}$ reaction have been made using a variety of recoil stopping materials. A lower limit of $P\ensuremath{\ge}+(0.0436\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0021)$ is set for the recoil polarization in the direction of ${\mathbf{k}}_{d}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathbf{k}}_{p}$ at ${E}_{d}=3.1$ MeV and 53\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} recoil angle.