cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovery of left ventricular function after percutaneous revascularization of a left main chronic total occlusion.

Surgical revascularization of left main and/or three-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with improved survival in patients with left ventricular dysfunction when compared to medical therapy and can result in improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [1]. Multivessel percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is equivalent to surgery regarding short and intermediate term mortality, and left main PCI has emerged as a safe and effective alternate to surgical revascularization [2]. However, outcomes of unprotected left main PCI in patients with severely depressed LVEF have not been examined. We report a patient with left main chronic total occlusion, multivessel CAD, and dilated cardiomyopathy, in whom complete revascularization via PCI resulted in decreased left ventricular size and improved LVEF. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The resident 80-hour work week: how has it affected surgical specialties?

Objectives: To identify strategies employed by surgical departments to address recently implemented resident duty hour regulations, and to assess resident and faculty acceptance of these changes. Methods: Attendees to the 2003 Residency Program Coordinator/Administrator Workshop for sub-specialties (Denver, CO) were surveyed. Results: The study population included 46 respondents spanning 9 surgical sub-specialties. Forty-eight percent of programs instituted at least 1 administrative change specifically to comply with duty hour regulations. The most commonly employed strategies were the hiring of nurse practitioners or physician assistants (30%) and the use of Internet-based software to track resident duty hours (30%). Other changes included giving call responsibilities to residents on research rotations (19%), institution of home-call (13%), and assignment of a night-float resident (11%). Perceptions of program coordinators indicated that junior residents and junior faculty accepted changes better than did senior residents and senior faculty (P=.025). Conclusion: The resident 80-hour work week is a major health care policy change that has required academic sub-specialty departments to make significant alterations in their administrative structure. Further study is necessary to determine how these changes affect both quality of training and patient care in the short and long term.
Food allergen labeling in the USA and Europe.

Purpose of reviewThe ingredient statement on the label of packaged foods is an important source of information for food-allergic consumers. New legislation in the USA and European Union will increase the amount of information available to food-allergic consumers.Recent findingsThe USA has implemente
Acute and chronic pericholangiolitis in association with multifocal hepatic lymphangiomatosis

Multifocal, lymphangiomatous lesions were found in the right lobe of the liver of a 9-year-old girl who died seven days after head trauma. We believe the lesions represent a cystic and pseudoneoplastic dilatation of liver lymphatics secondary to a posttraumatic complication, acute and chronic inflammation primarily of small bile ducts, and canaliculi (pericholangiolitis). The findings provide new evidence that inflammation and fluid overload, in the absence of a congenital malformation, are cardinal factors in the pathogenesis of some forms of lymphangiomatosis.
Encapsulation of silver by nitridation of AgTi alloy/bilayer structures

Abstract Thin encapsulated silver films have been prepared on oxidized silicon. As a preparatory step, silver was deposited either as ∼ 200 nm thick Ag-χ%Ti alloys (where χ = 6−26 at.%) or Ag(120 nm)/Ti(22 nm) bilayers. Subsequent encapsulation was formed by Ti reactions during anneals between 300 and 700 °C in an ammonia ambient. This process has been studied in detail by Rutherford backscattering, scanning Auger, secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction, which showed that Ti nitride and Ti oxide-silicide formation take place at the surface and interface, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that the Ti reactions take place within the first 10 min. This self-limiting behavior occurs for all annealing temperatures, but the extent to which the encapsulation reaction takes place increases with temperature. Four-point probe analysis of the alloy films suggests that the resistivity is controlled by the residual Ti concentration. Resistivity values of ∼3 μΩ cm were measured in encapsulated Ag alloy films with low initial Ti concentrations. The annealed bilayer structure had minimal Ti accumulations in Ag and the resistivity values were comparable to that of the as-deposited Ag (∼2.5 μΩ cm).
A hybrid numerical/neurocomputing strategy for sensitivity analysis of nonlinear structures

Abstract A hybrid numerical/neurocomputing (HN/N) strategy is presented for the evaluation of selective sensitivity coefficients of nonlinear structures. In the hybrid strategy, multilayer feedforward neural networks are used to extend a range of the validity of predictions of sensitivity coefficients made by Pade approximants. To further increase the accuracy and the range of network predictions, a data expansion strategy is used in which additional training data are generated by using extrapolated values of the coefficients in a Taylor series. Within this strategy a number of techniques are examined for evaluating derivatives of response functions. The effectiveness of the HN N strategy is assessed by performing numerical experiments for composite panels subjected to combined thermal and mechanical loads. It is shown that the HN N strategy reduces the number of full-system analyses and allows obtaining selective information about the structural response and the sensitivity coefficients.
An AllNAG8–1212sky Survey for Tens of keV

The HEXIS (High Energy X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer) is a MIDEX-class mission concept to perform a deep survey and continuous monitoring of nearly the entire sky in the 5–200 keV band. It uses arrays of position-sensitive Cadmium-Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors and coded masks to achieve 26′ resolution and a 5 sigma sensitivity (> 20 keV) of 4 milliCrab in one day and 0.2 milliCrab in one year. With these capabilities it is estimated that ∽5000 sources can be discovered and localized and have their spectra and variability characterized. Hundreds of gamma-ray bursts would be detected each year and localized to < 20′. HEXIS also contains a narrow field, 5°, coded mask imager for detailed studies of selected regions. This has three arc minute resolution and is seven times more sensitive than the all-sky system. The HEXIS detector concept uses crossed strip readout to achieve 0.5 mm resolution pixels for large area arrays, ∽ 400 cm2. This technique is under development at UCSD and Washington University. Detectors have been studied with tuneable monochromatic x-ray beams and mapped with finely collimated 30 micron beams. These results show that the crossed strip readout has the necessary spatial and spectral characteristics. The HEXIS concept is described and results are presented on the detectors' spatial and spectral properties.
Mechanism of the Kulinkovich Cyclopropanol Synthesis: Transfer‐Epititanation of the Alkene in Generating the Key Titanacyclopropane Intermediate

An investigation of the Kulinkovich cyclopropanol synthesis, the interaction of esters with 2:1 or 3:1 mixtures of alkyl Grignard reagents and Ti(OiPr)4 at low temperatures, has been conducted, in order to ascertain which reactive intermediates are involved and how they are interconverted. Because of the nature of the ultimate product, one of the most obvious intermediates is the 1,1-diisopropoxy-1-titanacyclopropane stemming from the epititanation of the alkene set free from the alkyl Grignard reagent employed. A search for the formation of such a titanocycle by warming an ethereal solution of either Et2Ti(OiPr)2 or iPr2Ti(OiPr)2 between −78 °C and +25 °C was attempted by chemical trapping with either an ester or nitrile. In this manner it was shown that such a titanocycle was formed in the case of Et2Ti(OiPr)2 but not with iPr2Ti(OiPr)2. As to the role of two other potential intermediates, Ti(OiPr)2 and R2Ti(OiPr)2, it was demonstrated that preformed Ti(OiPr)2 in the presence of ethylene and an ester does not form the corresponding cyclopropanol. Thus, under the reaction conditions Ti(OiPr)2 cannot perform the direct epimetallation necessary to produce the requisite titanacyclopropane. On the other hand, either iPr2Ti(OiPr)2 or Et2Ti(OiPr)2 can achieve the transfer-epititanation of ethylene at low temperatures and hence with methyl benzoate yield 1-phenyl-1-cyclopropanol. In contrast, neither iPr2Ti(OiPr)2 nor Et2Ti(OiPr)2 can at low temperatures transfer-epititanate propylene. This difference in alkene reactivity can be ascribed to steric factors operating in the proposed octahedral transition state for transfer-epimetallation. Finally, by introducing free ethylene into such Kulinkovich reaction mixtures, either by ethylene gas itself or a third equivalent of EtMgX, the isolated yields of cyclopropanols were more than doubled over those obtained with a 1:2 ratio of Ti(OiPr)4/EtMgX. From this observation one can conclude that free ethylene catalytically initiates the Kulinkovich reaction by coordinating with Et2Ti(OiPr)2 and undergoes transfer-epititanation to produce the requisite titanacyclopropane and thereby liberates ethylene, which perpetuates the reaction. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Issues in milieu treatment.

By "milieu treatment" we refer to various aspects in the organization of a total treatment system that can facilitate improvement of patients. 1 When we practice milieu treatment, we "treat" the organization as much as the individual. An understanding of this prevents the mistaken view of milieu treatment as an alternative approach to mental illness, competitive with somatic treatments or psychotherapies. A number of serious research studies have approached milieu treatment in this simplistic way; the result has been its debunking as a treatment for schizophrenia in comparison, for example, to treatment with phenothiazine drugs alone (May 1968). The issues are far more three-dimensional in the actual treatment settings where we try to help patients with the best available resources, be they pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or organizationa l. To understand the place of milieu treatment in such comprehensive situations, we must consider a myriad of interacting factors: other therapies, including drugs; program size; makeup of the patient population and the staff; relation of the treatment setting to the wider environment; timing of a patient's admission in relation to his "career" (i.e., personal history of deviant behavior and its treatment); and his length of stay.
Infection with listeria monocytogenes following orthotopic liver transplantation: case report and review of the literature

Infection with Listeria monocytogenes is rare with a reported annual incidence of 4.4 cases/million individuals. Epidemiological data have identified certain groups to be higher risk of developing listeriosis, including neonates, pregnant women, adults older than 60 years of age, individuals afflicted with hematologic malignancies, acquired immunodeficicency syndrome, cirrhosis, and those receiving corticosteroid therapy and organ transplants. Within this last group, multiple cases have been described following bone marrow and renal transplantation, but only a few following liver transplantation. We report a case of a 66-year-old woman presenting with Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia at 32 months following orthotopic liver transplantation.
New generation MMIC amplifier using InGaAs/InAlAs HEMTs

An InP based monolithic integrated technology has been developed using InGaAs/InAlAs HEMTs and is applied for the first time to the realisation of a two-stage amplifier. The gain has a peak of 18•4 dB at 6•4 GHz and exceeds 15 dB from 6•0 to 9•5 GHz
Critical Phenomena for Electronic Structure at the Large-Dimension Limit.

We show that the symmetry breaking of the electronic structure configurations at the large-D limit is completely analogous to the standard phase transitions and critical phenomena in statistical mechanics. Electronic structure at the large-D limit exhibits critical points with mean field critical exponents ( $\ensuremath{\beta}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\frac{1}{2}$, $\ensuremath{\alpha}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}0}_{\mathrm{dis}}$, $\ensuremath{\delta}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}3$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1$). The complete mapping is presented for the Hartree-Fock two-electron atom in weak electric field and the two Coulomb center problems.
FULLY SAMPLED MAPS OF ICES AND SILICATES IN FRONT OF CEPHEUS A EAST WITH THE SPITZER SPACE TELESCOPE

We report the first fully sampled maps of the distribution of interstellar CO2 ices, H2O ices, and total hydrogen nuclei, as inferred from the 9.7 μm silicate feature, toward the star-forming region Cepheus A East with the IRS instrument on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. We find that the column density distributions for these solid state features all peak at, and are distributed around, the location of HW2, the protostar believed to power one of the outflows observed in this star-forming region. A correlation between the column density distributions of CO2 and water ice with that of total hydrogen indicates that the solid state features we mapped mostly arise from the same molecular clumps along the probed sight lines. We therefore derive average CO2 ice and water ice abundances with respect to the total hydrogen column density of X(CO2)ice ~ 1.9 × 10−5 and X(H2O)ice ~ 7.5 × 10−5. Within errors, the abundances for both ices are relatively constant over the mapped region exhibiting both ice absorptions. The fraction of CO2 ice with respect to H2O ice is also relatively constant at a value of 22% over that mapped region. A clear triple-peaked structure is seen in the CO2 ice profiles. Fits to those profiles using current laboratory ice analogs suggest the presence of both a low-temperature polar ice mixture and a high-temperature methanol-rich ice mixture along the probed sight lines. Our results further indicate that thermal processing of these ices occurred throughout the sampled region.
Analytical approach to bonded repair of elliptical dent, corrosion grind-out, and cut-out

Abstract The problem of an isotropic sheet with an internal elliptical dent, corrosion grind-out, or cut-out repaired with an elliptical bonded patch is analyzed, following the similar two-stage analysis originally proposed by Rose [International Journal of Solid and Structures 17 (1981) 827; in: Bakers, Jones (Eds.), Bonded Repair of Aircraft Structures, Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 1988, p. 77] for a crack patching problem. For simplicity, the bending effect is ignored in the analysis. In the first stage, an infinite sheet reinforced by an elliptical patch under a prescribed far-field stress is analyzed using the inclusion analogy, without considering the dent, grind-out or cut-out. The constant stresses inside the patched area (σ0ij) are then calculated and later used as the far-field boundary conditions for the second (stage II) problem. In the second stage, the patch is assumed to be infinite and an integral part of the sheet. Stage II analysis then involves solving a problem of an infinite patched sheet containing a circular dent, grind-out, or cut-out under far-field stresses σ0ij. The latter problem is also solved using the inclusion analogy. Because the patch in a typical design is much larger than the damage area, the solutions of the first and second problems are approximately the same as the solutions of the original problem inside and outside the patched area, respectively.
A Comparison of Three Methods for Calculating Lower Confidence Limits on System Reliability Using Binomial Component Data

The Maximus, bootstrap, and Bayes methods can be useful in calculating lower s-confidence limits on system reliability using binomial component test data. The bootstrap and Bayes methods use Monte Carlo simulation, while the Maximus method is closed-form. The Bayes method is based on noninformative component prior distributions. The three methods are compared by means of Monte Carlo simulation using 20 simple through moderately complex examples. The simulation was generally restricted to the region of high reliability components. Sample coverages and average interval lengths are both used as performance measures. In addition to insights regarding the adequacy and desirability of each method, the comparison reveals the following regions of superior performance: 1. The Maximus method is generally superior for: a) moderate to large series systems of reliable components with small quantities of test data per component, and b) small series systems of repeated components. 2. The bootstrap method is generally superior for highly reliable and redundant systems. 3. The Bayes method is generally superior for: a) moderate to large series systems of reliable components with moderate to large numbers of component tests, and b) small series systems of reliable non-repeated components.
A mass spectral study of the binding of the anticancer drug cisplatin to ubiquitin

Cisplatin is a widely used antitumor agent for the treatment of testicular and ovarian cancers. It is believed to exert its cytotoxic effect by reacting with DNA. Within one day of injection, 65–98...
The NASA Dryden AAR Project: A Flight Test Approach to an Aerial Refueling System

The integration of uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAVs) into controlled airspace has generated a new era of autonomous technologies and challenges. Autonomous aerial refueling would enable UAVs to travel further distances and loiter for extended periods over time-critical targets. The NASA Dryden Flight Research Center recently has completed a flight research project directed at developing a dynamic hose and drogue system model to support the development of an automated aerial refueling system. A systematic dynamic model of the hose and drogue system would include the effects of various influences on the system, such as flight condition, hose and drogue type, tanker type and weight, receiver type, and tanker and receiver maneuvering. Using two NASA F/A-18 aircraft and a conventional hose and drogue aerial refueling store from the Navy, NASA has obtained flight research data that document the response of the hose and drogue system to these effects. Preliminary results, salient trends, and important lessons are presented.
Function of tyrosine residues in rabbit muscle aldolase.

Abstract Acetylation of rabbit muscle aldolase with acetyl imidazole reduces the rate of cleavage of fructose diphosphate by 90%, but the rate of cleavage of fructose 1-phosphate is unaltered. The changes in catalytic properties are associated with acetylation of 25 of the 40 tyrosine residues in the protein. The COOH-terminal residues are not modified, although these changes resemble those observed when the enzyme is treated with carboxypeptidase. The enzyme-catalyzed incorporation of tritium from tritiated water into dihydroxyacetone phosphate is also impaired. In the presence of an acceptor aldehyde, such as acetaldehyde, the rate of cleavage of fructose diphosphate by the modified enzyme is increased. However, erythrose 4-phosphate, a natural substrate for aldolase, is not an acceptor. These results suggest that modification of tyrosine residues affects primarily the site binding the 6-phosphate of fructose diphosphate, and secondarily the ability of the Schiff base intermediate to dissociate from the enzyme.
Validation of an approach to predict total-tract fiber digestibility using a standardized in vitro technique for different diets fed to high-producing dairy cows

Abstract The experimental objective was to validate an in vitro model to predict total-tract neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility in dairy cattle. Twenty-one diets from 7 studies conducted at University of Wisconsin-Madison were analyzed for in vitro fiber digestibility. Forages varied among diets (corn, alfalfa, tall and meadow fescue, and wheat straw silages) and nutrient composition (ranges: NDF=22.5 to 33.8%; crude protein=15.8 to 18.9%; nonfiber carbohydrates=38.0 to 51.0%). Total-tract NDF digestibility (TTNDFD) observed in in vivo trials was determined using different markers as described in the individual studies. The in vitro TTNDFD model predicted total-tract fiber digestibility from the proportion of total NDF potentially digestible (pdNDF), rate of pdNDF degradation, and rate of passage of pdNDF. The model predicted TTNDFD similar to in vivo measurements. The relationship between TTNDFD measured in vivo and TTNDFD predicted by the in vitro assay was significant (R 2 =0.68). The relationship between in vitro 30-h NDF digestibility values and in vivo total-tract NDF digestibility values was not significant, whereas in vitro 48-h NDF digestibility values were correlated (R 2 =0.30) with in vivo TTNDFD measurements. Indigestible NDF (iNDF) showed a negative relationship (R 2 =0.40) with TTNDFD in vivo. Each 1-percentage-unit increase of iNDF resulted in a decrease of 0.96 percentage units of total-tract NDF digestibility; however, iNDF by itself was not a good predictor of TTNDFD because of the difference among the means. This study showed that an in vitro TTNDFD model that uses iNDF, pdNDF, and rates of pdNDF digestion and passage can predict (R 2 =0.68) total-tract NDF digestibility. Most importantly, we demonstrated the ability to predict total-tract fiber digestibility from a model based on in vitro NDF degradation, which could improve our ability to optimize forage utilization and milk production.
Magnetic structure and Fe moment distribution in rare-earth iron intermetallic compounds by first-principles calculations

Abstract The magnetic properties and Fe moment distributions in a variety of rare-earth Fe compounds are studied by first-principles spin-polarized calculations. Examples are Y2Fe14B, Nd2Fe14B, Y2Fe17, Nd2Fe17, Nd3Fe29 and most recently, Nd5Fe17 phases. Also studied are substitutions by transition metal and metalloid elements, and by doping with C or N in some of these compounds. The newly discovered Nd5Fe17 phase with a Curie temperature above 500 K is particularly interesting because of its complex structure. It has 14 different Fe sites and seven different Nd sites of varying local coordination and nearest-neighbor distances. Based on the results of calculations on Nd5Fe17 and Nd3Fe29 phases, it is concluded that Fe moments on individual sites correlate more with the number of nearest-neighbor Fe atoms and less with the average distance of Fe–Fe separations.
Exploring the relationships among race, class, gender, and middle school students' perceptions of school racial climate

Although school climate has been thought to be especially important for racial minority and poor students (Booker, 2006; Haynes, Emmons, & Ben-Avie, 1997), little research has explored the significance of racial climate for these students. Furthermore, research in the area has tended to treat race, socioeconomic class, and gender separately, ignoring the ways in which they interact. Using quantitative survey data from 842 African American and white middle school students, this study examined the associations of race, class, and gender with school racial climate perceptions. Results indicated students’ perceptions of racial climate differed by race, class, and gender. African American, poor, and female students perceived the racial climate in more negative terms than their white, non-poor, and male counterparts, respectively. Results also indicated joint associations between race and class and climate perceptions. Non-poor, African American students perceived a more negative racial climate than did non-poo...
Self-steered retrodirective arrays with amplification

Self-steered retrodirective arrays using a phase synthesizer are described. The array configuration permits combining of the signals from the individual elements at IF level. The performance of this array in noise is analyzed and compared with another type of self-steered array.
Sea-temperatures by bucket on express liners

En route across the Atlantic on the large North German Lloyd express liners Columbus and Bremen, in August and October, 1931, I observed the use of canvas-buckets in making observations of sea-surface temperature, and checked the accuracy of the results. The Columbus is 775 feet long, has 32,354 gross registered tonnage, and travels at a speed of about 21 knots. The Bremen is 938 feet long, of 51,656 tonnage, and of 28 knots speed. On ships of such size and speed it is obvious that samples from the surface can be obtained regularly only near the stern. To do this is contrary, however, to the usual instructions to obtain samples forward of the outtakes, but stern hauls have the advantage of less exposure to wind than those from a position forward.
The effect of systematic diagenetic changes on the mechanical behavior of a quartz-cemented sandstone

ABSTRACTA key goal of petrophysical studies of sandstones is to relate common field measurements, particularly seismic or sonic velocities, to parameters defining the rock’s mechanical and hydrologic characteristics. These include elastic and inelastic mechanical properties, porosity, and permeability. We explored relationships among these properties in variably quartz-cemented, mature arenites of the St. Peter Sandstone with porosities ranging from 9% to 25%. In a previous paper, we described microstructural changes accompanying progressive quartz cementation and related porosity and permeability reduction in this sample suite. Here, we report ultrasonic velocities ultrasonic velocities, dynamic and static elastic properties, confined compressive strength, and tensile strength. Analyses of these data demonstrated that factors controlling permeability also fundamentally determined the elastic and inelastic mechanical properties. We found that the number of grain contacts, or bonds, per number of grains vi...
Detection and Classification of Phytoplankton Deposits Along an Estuarine Gradient

Phytoplankton deposition onto sediments affects trophic structures, sedimentary nutrient fluxes, and dissolved oxygen concentrations in coastal ecosystems. Deposition can occur as distinct events that are highly variable over space and time, necessitating detection methods that have similarly high resolution. We present an assessment of a novel rapid detection method that combines water-column and benthic fluorometry with surficial sediment sampling to identify phytoplankton deposition, as implemented in a 2-year study of a Florida estuary (24 monthly collections at 14 locations). Maximum water-column chlorophyll concentration, average benthic chlorophyll fluorescence, and the proportion of centric vs. pennate diatoms at the sediment–water interface were each fitted to sine functions to represent phytoplankton bloom cycles. The phase offsets among the three fitted sine functions were varied to maximize fit to the 336 observations. The fitted cycles were divided into four classes that separate dominance by benthic microalgae from early, late, and post-phytoplankton depositional states. Best-fitting cycles for the proportion of centric diatoms were consistently offset from water-column chlorophyll cycles, indicating peak deposition occurred after peak phytoplankton blooms. Phytoplankton deposition dominated the upstream region of the studied estuary and was associated with reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations. Benthic algae dominated in downstream regions, particularly during low freshwater flow conditions when light absorption by colored dissolved organic matter was low. This approach produced repeatable and consistent patterns that agreed with expected relationships and was practical for sampling with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Photo-Regulation of Mitosis Kinesin Kif18A using Photochromic Inhibitor

Kif18A is a member of the kinesin-8 family was identified as a central component for the correct alignment of chromosomes at the spindle equator. Recent in vitro analyses revealed that Kif18A has a unique dual functionality, motility and depolymerase. Previously, BTB-1 was found to be the first small molecule inhibitor of Kif18A. BTB-1 potently inhibits the ATPase activity of Kif18A (IC50=1.69 μm) but not of other tested key mitotic kinesins. BTB-1 blocks the motility of Kif18A in a reversible manner. BTB-1 inhibits Kif18A in an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-competitive but microtubule-uncompetitive manner and slows down the progression of cells through mitosis. In our previous study, we demonstrated that the conventional kinesin in which functional sites modified with azobenzene derivative exhibit photo-reversible alteration of ATPase activity accompanied by cis-trans photoisomerization of azobenzene. Interestingly, the backbone structure of cis-azobenzene resembles BTB-1. In this study, we designed and synthesized photochromic BTB-1 analogues composed of azobenzene derivatives in order to regulate ATPase and motor activity of Kif18A in the photo reversible manner. 2-nitro-4-chloro-azobenzene (NCAB) is one of the photochromic BTB-1 analogue we have synthesized, exhibited photo-reversible inhibition for the ATPase activity of Kif18A. We also examined the photo reversible effect of NCBA for the ATPase kinetics of Kif18A utilizing the FRET between fluorescent ATP analogue Mant-ATP and the Trp residue of Kif18A mutant F329W. Furthermore, we tried to synthesize BTB-1 analogue that have a photo-crosslinkable azido group for the purpose of photoaffinity labeling to identify the BTB-1 binding site on Kif18A.
Cloud structure and distributions over the tropical Pacific Ocean

During the summer of 1957 photographic cloud reconnaissance was carried out over the tropical Pacific Ocean, in order to observe tropical convection far from land influences, to relate the distribution of convective clouds to synoptic weather patterns and to analyze structure and street orientation of the cumuli. While all results, excepting photographic measurements, are qualitative, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. Areas with enhanced and with suppressed convection largely were determined by the synoptic situation, especially in the high troposphere. 2. Qualitatively, intensity of convection over large areas, say 10 5 km 2 , could be deduced from application of the baroclinic vorticity theorem to high- and low-tropospheric flow. 3. Precipitation virtually was restricted to areas with synoptic build-up of the moist layer. Little, if any, precipitation fell from cumuli outside such zones, although maximum cloud height exceeded 10,000 feet frequently. 4. For the most part, cumuli were aligned in streets. Trade wind clouds were lined up along the wind in the lower moist layer, where wind and shear have the same orientation. Orientation of cloud rows at large angles to the low-level wind also was observed with lesser frequency, mainly when tall clouds extended into a mid-tropospheric layer with marked shear deviating from the wind direction. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1964.tb00167.x
Economies of size in wineries and impacts of pricing and product mix decisions

Five wineries ranging in size from 10,000 to 900,000 gallons were analyzed as to investment and operating costs and the impacts of changing product and input prices on their relative financial attractiveness. The larger wineries, while being more costly to establish, offer lower per unit operating costs and greater financial returns. The returns to smaller wineries tend to be more sensitive to wine or product prices than grape and input prices.
Experience with left ventricular apicoaortic conduits for complicated left ventricular outflow obstruction in children and young adults.

Abstract Six patients, ranging in age from 8 to 20 years, underwent left ventricular apicoaortic conduit construction for treatment of complicated left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. All patients had severe left ventricular hypertrophy as determined by echocardiography and electrocardiography. The preoperative gradient across the left ventricular outflow tract was 84 ± 17 mm Hg (mean ± standard deviation) (range, 65 to 110 mm Hg), and the preoperative left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 20 ± 7 mm Hg (range, 12 to 28 mm Hg). Conduits were placed retroperitoneally with the distal anastomosis to the infrarenal aorta; the porcine valve was positioned in the left upper quadrant. Relief of left ventricular hypertension was complete; the minimal gradient measured intraoperatively was 13 ± 8 mm Hg (range, 0 to 20 mm Hg). With an average follow-up of 18 months (range, 6 to 24 months), all patients have improved and are in Functional Class I. Four patients were catheterized 12 months postoperatively. They all showed excellent relief of left ventricular hypertension; the conduit was effectively decompressing the left ventricle. This experience suggests that this approach is effective in relieving complex left ventricular outflow tract obstruction with good early results, and that it deserves more frequent application in children.
Moisture and heat budgets of a cirrus cloud from aircraft measurements during FIRE

This study is based on the NCAR King Air aircraft and radiosonde observations on 31 October 1986 during the FIRE in Wisconsin over Oshkosh. Aircraft step-up and spiral descent flights are used to obtain kinematic and thermodynamic data. In the step-up maneuver, six different penetrations were made between 1528 and 1616 UTC. Each penetration was about 30 km long separated in the vertical by about 300 m. The time difference between the two spiral soundings was about 43 min. The aircraft descended at a rate of 1.5 m/s during these spiral soundings. Kinematic, cloud physical, and radiometric observations from various instruments are used to estimate the different terms in the moisture- and heat-budget equations. The results show that the advection terms, estimated using the mean longitudinal wind and vertical velocities, and radiative fluxes are important in forming budgets for the cirrus layers. Ice-crystal growth is significant in the upper layers. The maintenance of cirrus can be attributed to relatively warm and moist air advection, radiative cooling at upper levels, and moisture advection in the vertical. Turbulent heat and moisture fluxes are found to be significant in the low levels of cirrus.
Performance of unitary heat pumps: review of ASHRAE Symposium session☆

Abstract The following papers are reviewed: 1. 1. System design optimization and validation for single-speed heat pump by S.K. Fischer and C.K. Rice, Oak Ridge National Laboratories. 2. 2. Analysis of on/off cycling for an air-to-air heat pump operating in the heating mode by W.A. Miller, Oak Ridge National Laboratories. 3. 3. Field measured cycling, frosting and defrosting losses for a high efficiency air source heat pump by V.D. Baxter and J.C. Moyers, Oak Ridge National Laboratories. 4. 4. Design and available energy analysis of a heating-only residential heat pump for the Western Pacific Northwest by D.E. Elger, C.M. Reistad and S. Lang, Oregon State University. 5. 5. A study of heat pump service life by Nance C. Lovvorn, Alabama Power Company and Carl C. Hiller, Electric Power Research.
The structural basis of sirtuin substrate affinity

Sirtuins comprise a family of enzymes that catalyze the deacetylation of acetyllysine side chains in a reaction that consumes NAD+. Although several crystal structures of sirtuins bound to non-nati...
Overview of computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint.

Abstract Computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint has been shown to be an accurate method of assessing the position of the disk. To date, we have examined over 500 patients with this modality and have found it also to be effective in the evaluation of other osseous and soft tissue abnormalities. An overview of temporomandibular joint pathology is presented, including the range of osteoarthritic changes from spur formation to complete fusion. Anterior dislocation, with and without reduction, and closed lock are demonstrated. A heretofore unreported phenomenon—posterior dislocation of the meniscus with open lock—is presented. Also shown is the computed tomography evaluation of splint therapy, which has not been dealt with in other publications.
Mechanisms of prostate cancer cell survival after inhibition of AR expression

Recent reports have shown that the AR is the key determinant of the molecular changes required for driving prostate cancer cells from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent or androgen depletion-independent (ADI) state. Several recent publications suggest that down-regulation of AR expression should therefore be considered the principal strategy for the treatment of ADI prostate cancer. However, no valid data is available about how androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells respond to apoptosis-inducing drugs after knocking down AR expression and whether prostate cancer cells escape apoptosis after inhibition of AR expression. This review will focus on mechanisms of prostate cancer cell survival after inhibition of AR activity mediated either by androgen depletion or by targeting the expression of AR by siRNA. We have shown that knocking down AR expression by siRNA induced PI3K-independent activation of Akt, which was mediated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). We also showed that the expression of CaMKII genes is under AR control: active AR in the presence of androgens inhibits CaMKII gene expression whereas inhibition of AR activity results in an elevated level of kinase activity and in enhanced expression of CaMKII genes. This in turn activates the anti-apoptotic PI3K/Akt pathways. CaMKII also express anti-apoptotic activity that is independent from the Akt pathway. This may therefore be an important mechanism by which prostate cancer cells escape apoptosis after androgen depletion or knocking down AR expression. In addition, we have found that there is another way to escape cell death after AR inhibition: DNA damaging agents cannot fully activate p53 in the absence of AR and as a result p53 down stream targets, for example, microRNA-34, cannot be activated and induce apoptosis. This implies that there may be a need for re-evaluation of the therapeutic approaches to human prostate cancer.
The influence of maternal labels on dietary preferences of spiny mouse weanlings.

Abstract To assess the influence of conspecific chemical cues on the development of dietary preferences, spiny mouse ( Acomys cahirinus ) weanlings were tested for their responses to food items that were partially eaten (thus, presumably labeled) by various categories of conspecifics. Consumption of a highly preferred novel food (fresh carrot) labeled by the pups' parents, or mother alone, was greater than that of a clean sample of the same food. The presence of labels emanating from the father or an alien mother had no effect on food consumption. Salient maternal labels that elicit preferential feeding by young appear to be individually unique, therefore allowing pups to recognize such cues emanating from their own mother. The attractive substance that mothers transfer to food items while eating (the maternal label per se) has not been identified, but saliva is a likely candidate.
Determining elastic properties of concrete using vibrational resonance frequencies of standard test cylinders

A technique for determining the elastic material constants of a concrete test cylinder from longitudinal resonance frequencies is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique permits calculation of both the material constants (E and μ) from one relatively simple measurement. The formulation is based on an accurate three-dimensional vibration analysis of intermediate length cylinders using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. First, the test procedure is described and an illustrative example is given. The accuracy of the method is then verified through tests on steel and aluminum cylinders. Test results from concrete cylinders are then presented. A favorable comparison between the values of the elastic modulus predicted by the proposed technique, the standard ASTM test procedure and direct mechanical measurement is shown.
Responsivity modulation of thin-film CdS by means of lock-in technique

Thin-film CdS was deposited onto glass with nanosecond pulsed-laser (PLD) deposition using 355 nm for only 2 minutes resulting in a 200 nm thick film. X-ray analysis revealed a peculiar texture consisting of crystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix. Employing alternating and constant light sources, i.e., chopped light and a light emitting diode (LED) in conjunction with lock-in technique, we introduce here a straightforward way to modulate the alternating responsivity (AR) of the CdS film at room temperature. The arrangement was the following: Aluminum contacts were evaporated on the film surface and were electrically connected to a power supply and a lock-in amplifier. The chopped light was exciting the film surface between the contacts and a blue (465 nm) LED was directed to the same area. In this way, it was possible to measure the AR of the film under the influence of blue background irradiation. Notably, the efficiency of the bleaching effect depends on the applied electric field, intensity of blue LED and chopped photon energy. Around 50% quenching is observed at 100 V/cm in the vicinity of CdS band gap. The per cent quenching is decreased with increase in bias and increase with increase in the blue LED intensity. The modulation is attributed to the shortening of the available AR carriers due to the generation of direct current channels in the film. Summarizing, the work demonstrates the use of the lock-in principle for modulation and quenching techniques in optoelectronics rather than for applications in metrology only.
How Political Support Influences Red Tape through Developmental Culture

This study examines the interrelationship between external political support, internal organizational factors, and red tape, using a sample of information managers from state health and human service agencies. The study defines a red tape model and tests the model by structural equation modeling method. The study finds that political support has a direct effect on red tape. The higher the political support, the lower the level of red tape. The study also confirms an indirect effect of political support on red tape, mediated by developmental culture. Indirect effect through goal clarity has the correct sign but is not statistically significant. Practical recommendations are made for the political environment to provide the opportunity for managerial reforms that are often advocated.
A formal knowledge management ontology: Conduct, activities, resources, and influences

This article describes a collaboratively engineered general-purpose knowledge management (KM) ontology that can be used by practitioners, researchers, and educators. The ontology is formally characterized in terms of nearly one hundred definitions and axioms that evolved from a Delphi-like process involving a diverse panel of over 30 KM practitioners and researchers. The ontology identifies and relates knowledge manipulation activities that an entity (e.g., an organization) can perform to operate on knowledge resources. It introduces a taxonomy for these resources, which indicates classes of knowledge that may be stored, embedded, and/or represented in an entity. It recognizes factors that influence the conduct of KM both within and across KM episodes. The Delphi panelists judge the ontology favorably overall: its ability to unify KM concepts, its comprehensiveness, and utility. Moreover, various implications of the ontology for the KM field are examined as indicators of its utility for practitioners, educators, and researchers.
Serial NetEvolve: a flexible utility for generating serially-sampled sequences along a tree or recombinant network

Summary:Serial NetEvolve is a flexible simulation program that generates DNA sequences evolved along a tree or recombinant network. It offers a user-friendly Windows graphical interface and a Windows or Linux simulator with a diverse selection of parameters to control the evolutionary model. Serial NetEvolve is a modification of the Treevolve program with the following additional features: simulation of serially-sampled data, the choice of either a clock-like or a variable rate model of sequence evolution, sampling from the internal nodes and the output of the randomly generated tree or network in our newly proposed NeTwick format. Availability: From website http://biorg.cis.fiu.edu/SNE Contacts: giri@cis.fiu.edu Supplementary information: Manual and examples available from http://biorg.cis.fiu.edu/SNE
Applying causal inference to understand emergent behavior

Emergent behaviors in simulations require explanation, so that valid behaviors can be separated from design or coding errors. Validation of emergent behavior requires accumulation of insight into the behavior and the conditions under which it arises. Previously, we have introduced an approach, Explanation Exploration (EE), to gather insight into emergent behaviors using semi-automatic model adaptation. We improve our previous work by iteratively applying causal inference procedures to samples gathered from the semi-automatic model adaptation. Iterative application of causal inference procedures reveals the interactions of identified abstractions within the model that cause the emergent behavior. Uncovering these interactions gives the subject matter expert new insight into the emergent behavior and facilitates the validation process.
Glucose Meter Performance Criteria for Tight Glycemic Control Estimated by Simulation Modeling

Background: Glucose meter analytical performance criteria required for safe and effective management of patients on tight glycemic control (TGC) are not currently defined. We used simulation modeling to relate glucose meter performance characteristics to insulin dosing errors during TGC. Methods: We used 29 920 glucose values from patients on TGC at 1 institution to represent the expected distribution of glucose values during TGC, and we used 2 different simulation models to relate glucose meter analytical performance to insulin dosing error using these 29 920 initial glucose values and assuming 10%, 15%, or 20% total allowable error (TEa) criteria. Results: One-category insulin dosing errors were common under all error conditions. Two-category insulin dosing errors occurred more frequently when either 20% or 15% TEa was assumed compared with 10% total error. Dosing errors of 3 or more categories, those most likely to result in hypoglycemia and thus patient harm, occurred infrequently under all error conditions with the exception of 20% TEa. Conclusions: Glucose meter technologies that operate within a 15% total allowable error tolerance are unlikely to produce large (≥3-category) insulin dosing errors during TGC. Increasing performance to 10% TEa should reduce the frequency of 2-category insulin dosing errors, although additional studies are necessary to determine the clinical impact of such errors during TGC. Current criteria that allow 20% total allowable error in glucose meters may not be optimal for patient management during TGC.