cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Style, Editorial, and Publication Guidelines for Items in the Multiple-Choice Format

When authors refer to style, they usually mean the expression of ideas in a smooth, orderly, pleasing manner. Each author develops an individual style of expression that allows for a personal presentation of his or her own thoughts and emotions. For editors, however, style connotes something different. Editorial style refers to the consistent use of a set of rules and guidelines. These rules and guidelines prescribe a consistent use of punctuation, abbreviations, and citations, a uniform and attractive format for tables, graphs, and charts, and a correct form for the many other elements that constitute written communication. Test-item writers are both authors and editors. As authors, they can express their ideas in novel, creative, and personal ways; as editors, they must be aware of and follow consistent editorial principles.
A UML-based approach to manage product variability in automated production lines

Managing variations of product portfolios and small lot sizes constitute some of the most important challenges in industrial automation today. Ever shorter development cycles require new tools to integrate all relevant corporate divisions from product design to production planning and quality control. In this paper we describe a formal modeling approach that allows to encapsulate properties of product variations on different levels. First, a specification decomposing the product into components and their respective ranges of variations is developed. Second, the capabilities of the production system are derived based upon principal production steps. In the third step, the two descriptions have to be mapped to obtain a production sequence for an individual product variant. Therefore, the specifications are expressed in the same unified modeling language (UML) that can represent both structural properties on a class level and interactions of objects. This approach is implemented on a modular production line for an exemplary assembling process comprised of different handling tasks. As a future direction of research, formal methods known from theoretical computer science will be incorporated, e.g. to check model variants and production steps for compatibility.
Evaluating Green Infrastructure Stormwater Capture Performance under Extreme Precipitation

The use of green infrastructure (GI) for urban stormwater management has become a big industry, with cities like New York and Philadelphia planning to invest more than a billion dollars over multip...
Lessons Learned from Behavioral Interventions

Since behavior change remains the only means available for the primary prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), behavioral interventions are critically needed to alter the course of the HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. However, researchers face unprecedented challenges in their efforts to develop effective behavior change interventions. One challenge is to address the methodological limitations of previous research. Another challenge is to eliminate the gaps in behavioral intervention research. A final challenge is to understand the implications of previous research for the development of more innovative behavioral interventions. In this chapter, we identify some limitations of, gaps in, and implications of behavioral research interventions to change HIV/AIDS risk behaviors.
On the Identification of Continuous Vibrating Systems Modelled by Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations

This paper deals with the identification of spatially varying parameters in systems of finite spatial extent which can be described by second order hyperbolic differential equations. Two questions have been addressed. The first deals with 'partial identification' and inquires into the possibility of retrieving all the eigenvalues of the system from response data obtained at one location x-asterisk epsilon (0, 1). The second deals with the identification of the distributed coefficients rho(x), a(x) and b(x). Sufficient conditions for unique identification of all the eigenvalues of the system are obtained, and conditions under which the coefficients can be uniquely identified using suitable response data obtained at one point in the spatial domain are determined. Application of the results and their usefulness is demonstrated in the identification of the properties of tall building structural systems subjected to dynamic load environments.
A Collaborative Approach to Working with the Suicidal Mind

The phenomenology of the suicidal mind is central to many effective clinical approaches for suicidal risk. In this chapter we review this notion through a consideration of broad perspectives of the phenomenology of suicide offered by Edwin Shneidman and the collective perspective of the “Aeschi approach” to suicidal risk. We then examine phenomenological aspects of specific theoretical perspectives for suicidal risk including psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, and mentalization approaches. This chapter concludes with an examination of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) approach to suicidal risk. Perhaps more than any other clinical method, CAMS fundamentally embraces the phenomenology of suicidal states by always emphasizing the patient’s perspectives on suicidal suffering in direct relation to clinical assessment and treatment. Various challenges in clinical practice with suicidal patients are considered, and CAMS is offered as a potential remedy for issues of countertransference, power struggles, and fears of being sued (or blamed) following a death by suicide. Throughout this chapter, the overarching importance of understanding the suicidal mind through the eyes of the patient is a unifying focus for effective clinical assessment and treatment of the suicidal risk.
Reduced resolution lane detection algorithm

Autonomous vehicles, as people all know, will have great impact to human transportation in the near future. In the vision system of autonomous vehicles, the lane detection has always been an important part. This paper describes an algorithm which can make the lane detection process faster and more applicable. The algorithm is mainly based on lane mark detection and Reduced Resolution lane detection algorithm (R2 algorithm). The accuracy of the lane detection, using this algorithm, would not be affected and the system, meantime, has a quicker reaction. The high frame per second result shows that the high performance lane detection algorithm is able to be applied to autonomous vehicles with improved success.
Undiagnosed HIV and HCV Infection in a New York City Emergency Department, 2015

Objectives. To measure undiagnosed HIV and HCV in a New York City emergency department (ED).Methods. We conducted a blinded cross-sectional serosurvey with remnant serum from specimens originally drawn for clinical indications in the ED. Serum was deduplicated and matched to (1) the hospital’s electronic medical record and (2) the New York City HIV and HCV surveillance registries for evidence of previous diagnosis before being deidentified and tested for HIV and HCV.Results. The overall prevalence of HIV was 5.0% (250/4990; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.4%, 5.7%); the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV was 0.2% (12/4990; 95% CI = 0.1%, 0.4%); and the proportion of undiagnosed HIV was 4.8% (12/250; 95% CI = 2.5%, 8.2%). The overall prevalence of HCV (HCV RNA ≥ 15 international units per milliliter) was 3.9% (196/4989; 95% CI = 2.8%, 5.1%); the prevalence of undiagnosed HCV was 0.8% (38/4989; 95% CI = 0.3%, 1.3%); and the proportion of undiagnosed HCV was 19.2% (38/196; 95% CI = 11.4%, 27.0%).Conclusions. Und...
Cover crop species and termination method effects on organic maize and soybean

Mechanical cover crop (CC) termination can reduce tillage in organic rotations, but research is needed to develop recommendations for producers in the upper Midwest, U.S.A. Field studies were condu...
Prediction of Pivotal response treatment outcome with task fMRI using random forest and variable selection

Behavior intervention has shown promise for treatment for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, current therapeutic decisions are based on trial and error, often leading to suboptimal outcomes. We propose an approach that employs task-based fMRI for early outcome prediction. Our strategy is based on the general linear model (GLM) and a random forest, combined with feature selection techniques. GLM analysis is performed on each voxel to get t-statistic of contrast between two tasks. Due to the high dimensionality of predictor variables, feature selection is crucial for accurate prediction. Thus we propose a two-step feature selection method: a "shadow" method to select all-relevant variables, followed by a stepwise method to select minimaloptimal set of variables for prediction. A few columns of random noise are generated and added as shadow variables. Regression based on the random forest is performed, and permutation importance of each variable is estimated. Candidate voxels with higher importance than the shadow are kept. Surviving voxels are fed into stepwise variable selection methods. We test both forward and backward stepwise selection. Our method was validated on a dataset of 20 children with ASD using leave-one-out cross-validation, and compared to other standard regression methods. The proposed pipeline generated highest accuracy.
Use Tax Awareness and Compliance: A Survey Analysis

This report applies statistical analysis to a non-scientific survey of attitudes toward the use tax among Californian taxpayers. There are three noteworthy conclusions. First, making consumers aware of their legal obligation to remit use tax increases the probability of compliance. Second, higher-income earners are just as likely to evade use tax as lower income earners, holding out-of-state spending constant, which suggests that evasion reduces the regressive incidence of sales and use taxes. Third, evaders are more likely to continue evading even when they are afforded the option to earmark their taxes toward specific causes; however, some causes appear to motivate more compliance than others.
Discovery and development of anticancer agents from marine sponges: perspectives based on a chemistry-experimental therapeutics collaborative program

A collaborative program was initiated in 1990 between the natural product chemistry laboratory of Dr. Phillip Crews at the University of California Santa Cruz and the experimental therapeutics laboratory of Dr. Fred Valeriote at the Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit. The program focused on the discovery and development of anticancer drugs from sponge extracts. A novel in vitro disk diffusion, solid tumor selective assay was used to examine 2,036 extracts from 683 individual sponges. The bioassay-directed fractionation discovery component led to the identification of active pure compounds from many of these sponges. In most cases, pure compound was prepared in sufficient quantities to both chemically identify the active compound(s) as well as pursue one or more of the biological development components. The latter included IC50, clonogenic survival-concentration exposure, maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic assessment studies. Solid tumor selective compounds included fascaplysin and 10-bromofascaplysin (Fascaplysinopsis), neoamphimedine, 5-methoxyneoamphimedine and alpkinidine (Xestospongia), makaluvamine C and makaluvamine H (Zyzzya), psymberin (Psammocinia and Ircinia), and ethylplakortide Z and ethyldidehydroplakortide Z (Plakortis). These compounds or analogs thereof continue to have therapeutic potential.
Transvenous occlusion of a dural cavernous sinus fistula using a new expandable hydrogel-platinum coil (Hydrocoil®)

Hydrogel-coated platinum coils (Hydrocoils®) are currently under clinical investigation for their efficacy to improve anatomic results of endovascular occlusion of cerebral aneurysms. A case is presented in which this new expandable coil type was added to bare platinum coils in order to accelerate the transvenous occlusion of a dural cavernous sinus fistula (DCSF). A 53-year-old woman presenting with mild left-sided eye redness and diplopia due to a DCSF (type D) underwent transvenous occlusion using bare platinum coils (Trufill®) and hydrogel coated coils (Hydrocoil®). After successful catherization of the cavernous sinus, bare platinum coils were densely packed and eventually combined with Hydrocoils® which resulted in immediate and complete occlusion of the fistula. No technical or clinical complication occurred. The new expansile hydrogel-coated platinum coil (Hydrocoil®) can be successfully combined with bare platinum coils to accelerate transvenous occlusion of an AV-shunting lesion. Controlled volume expansion after deployment of this device offers potential benefits for occlusion of dural arteriovenous fistulas in other locations or for parent vessel occlusions in the treatment of giant or large complex aneurysms.
Micro additive manufacturing of glucose biosensors: A feasibility study

Abstract Flexible electrochemical sensors for measurement and quantification of biomarkers are attracting a great deal of attention in non-invasive medical applications, due to their high mechanical compatibility and conformability with the human body. Realization of the full potential of such novel systems relies heavily on their effective manufacturing. Particularly, there is a need for manufacturing techniques that can realize complex designs, consisting of multiple functional materials which are required for sensor functionality. Among emerging additive manufacturing techniques, Direct-Ink-Writing (DIW), where polymer nanocomposite inks are dispensed through nozzles and deposited with high spatial control, carries a great potential to address this need. Here, we introduce a 3D printed flexible electrochemical biosensor for glucose detection. We show that our biosensor works linearly in glucose solution with a concentration range between 100 and 1000 μM. The sensitivity of glucose biosensor is estimated to be 17.5 nA μM−1, and the calculated value of the detection limit (S/N = 3) is 6.9 μM. The demonstrated electrochemical performance and surface properties of the printed sensors show the promising advantages of using this technique over the conventional screen printing method. These advantages include higher sensitivity and specificity and, reduced material consumption.
Efficacy of Misoprostol Alone for First-Trimester Medical Abortion: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE:To summarize available data on the effectiveness and safety of single-agent misoprostol for medical abortion in the first trimester.DATA SOURCES:We searched MEDLINE, CABI, Cochrane, EMBASE, LILACS, the Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for English-language studies that evaluated misop
PtNi Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Few Carbon Layers as High-Performance Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

PtNi alloys have been demonstrated to be one of the most promising catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cell applications due to their high catalytic activity and efficient utiliza...
Role of robot assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in metastatic malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis: Case series.

536Background: The management of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis of the testes (MMTVT) is not clearly defined, though retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has been reported as a dia...
Association between early‐life trauma and obsessive compulsive symptoms in community youth

Background Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in youth are common, have heterogeneous manifestations, and have been shown to be associated with serious psychopathology. While early-life trauma exposure is associated with increased risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its association with different OCS and its clinical relevance for serious psychopathology is unclear. Here we aimed to evaluate associations among traumatic stressful events (TSE), OCS, and serious psychiatric conditions in community youth. Methods We studied nonmental-help seeking youths from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (N = 7054, aged 11-21, 54% females, 52% prepubertal), assessed for lifetime TSE exposure and OCS. Regression models investigated cross-sectional associations of TSEs with OCS, and associations with depression, suicide ideation and psychosis. Models examined sex and puberty effects, controlling for age and socioeconomic status. Results Trauma exposure was associated with higher OCS rates, especially in females (Trauma × Sex interaction Wald = 7.93, p = 0.005) and prepuberty (Trauma × Puberty interaction Wald = 7.68, p = 0.006). TSEs were associated with all OCS manifestations, most prominently with bad intrusive thoughts (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63). Assaultive TSEs, especially sexual assault, showed stronger associations with OCS compared with nonassaultive TSEs. While TSEs and OCS were independently associated with depression, suicide ideation, and psychosis, a significant interaction was observed only in association with increased rates of psychosis (Trauma × OCS interaction Wald = 5.08, p = 0.024). Conclusion Early-life trauma is associated with OCS in a dose-response manner, more so in females and prepuberty. The trauma-OCS association varied by load, type of trauma, and by OCS subtypes. Trauma-OCS appears a detrimental combination in association with psychosis.
Abstract C90: Sociodemographic predictors of HPV vaccine recommendation and initiation among female and male college students in Georgia

Background and Objective: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended as a safe and effective preventive method against several types of cancers, including cervical cancer. We assessed HPV vaccine recommendation and initiation rates in a sample of female and male college students and compared these outcomes across sociodemographic factors. Methods: In 2016, surveys were administered to 1552 female and 845 male students aged 18-25 years old from 7 colleges in Georgia. Descriptive statistics were used to assess prevalence of doctor recommendation for HPV vaccine, HPV vaccine initiation, completion of three-dose series, and facilitators and barriers to HPV vaccine initiation. Logistic regressions stratified by sex were used to examine sociodemographic predictors of HPV vaccine recommendation and initiation. Results: In our sample, 48.32% of women (n=750) and 18.82% of men (n=159) had received a doctor9s recommendation for HPV vaccine. Among women, sociodemographic predictors of doctor recommendation included older age (OR=1.23, CI=[1.16 – 1.31], p In our sample, 43.30% of women (n=672) and 16.69% of men (n=141) had initiated HPV vaccine. For both women and men, doctor recommendation was a strong predictor of vaccine initiation. Among women, sociodemographic predictors of vaccine initiation included older age (OR=1.23, CI=[1.16 – 1.30], p Moreover, 575 women (85.56% of initiators and 37.05% of the sample) and 115 men (81.56% of initiators and 13.61% of the sample) completed the three-dose series. The average age when receiving the first doctor9s recommendation for vaccine was higher for Black women compared to White women (15.78 vs. 14.70, p Conclusions: For women, sociodemographic factors that influenced differences in vaccine recommendation and initiation likelihoods were age, socioeconomic status, and place of birth; for men, these were age, race, and sexual orientation. Black women had a higher age when receiving the first doctor9s recommendation for vaccine compared to White women. Future studies should continue to investigate these associations in order to reduce disparities in HPV vaccination. Our results also highlight key points of intervention/messaging for HPV vaccine. A doctor9s recommendation remains a strong predictor of vaccine initiation and should be incorporated in interventions. Perception that the vaccine is not needed because of sexual inactivity should also be further explored in depth. Citation Format: Milkie Vu, Robert A. Bednarczyk, Nadya Prood, Lana Le, Carla J. Berg. Sociodemographic predictors of HPV vaccine recommendation and initiation among female and male college students in Georgia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C90.
Total Synthesis of (+)-epi-Condyfoline

Herein, we report the first asymmetric total synthesis of aspidospermatan indole alkaloid (+)-epi-condyfoline (1) in 15 steps from commercially available 2-methylindole-3-carboxaldehyde. Key steps include (1) our domino Michael/Mannich annulation method of N-sulfinyl metallodienamines to set three contiguous stereocenters, (2) LiHMDS-mediated cyclization of an ω-tosyloxy N-sulfinamide to prepare the signature indole-fused 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane framework, and (3) DMTSF-promoted spirocyclization of a dithioacetal intermediate to access the final pyrrolidine ring. Functional group manipulations delivered the targeted alkaloid (+)-epi-condyfoline (1) in 13 steps and 1.25% overall yield from N-sulfinylimine (+)-8.
Carpentry compiler

Traditional manufacturing workflows strongly decouple design and fabrication phases. As a result, fabrication-related objectives such as manufacturing time and precision are difficult to optimize in the design space, and vice versa. This paper presents HL-HELM, a high-level, domain-specific language for expressing abstract, parametric fabrication plans; it also introduces LL-HELM, a low-level language for expressing concrete fabrication plans that take into account the physical constraints of available manufacturing processes. We present a new compiler that supports the real-time, unoptimized translation of high-level, geometric fabrication operations into concrete, tool-specific fabrication instructions; this gives users immediate feedback on the physical feasibility of plans as they design them. HELM offers novel optimizations to improve accuracy and reduce fabrication time as well as material costs. Finally, optimized low-level plans can be interpreted as step-by-step instructions for users to actually fabricate a physical product. We provide a variety of example fabrication plans in the carpentry domain that are designed using our high-level language, show how the compiler translates and optimizes these plans to generate concrete low-level instructions, and present the final physical products fabricated in wood.
High-Precision and High-Accuracy Column Dry-Air Mixing Ratio Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Using Pulsed 2- $\mu$ m IPDA Lidar

NASA has been conducting several studies for quantifying and monitoring atmospheric CO2 including the Orbiting Carbon Observatory space-based missions. To complement CO2 passive sensing, the National Research Council recommended active remote sensing techniques, which are valuable for validating current space-based measurements and potential future missions. Recently, a 2- $\mu \text{m}$ triple-pulse integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar was developed for simultaneous and independent measurements of atmospheric CO2 and H2O. This instrument was operated at fixed wavelengths, precisely selected to avoid mutual interferences. Focusing on optimized CO2 measurements, this instrument has been updated to operate in double-pulse mode. The objective is to demonstrate high-precision and high-accuracy column CO2 measurements using tunable on-line wavelength suitable for adaptive targeting. Statistical analysis of long record CO2 field measurement and retrieval results in 1.92-ppm accuracy, equivalent to 0.44% systematic error, and 1.66-ppm precision, equivalent to 0.39% random error. Referring to the R30 CO2 absorption line, this was achieved using an on-line laser frequency offset of 1 GHz, a 5.2% target reflectivity, and 10-s average. The record indicated a better than 99% data success rate. Tuning the on-line frequency offset to 0.5 GHz results in 1.11- and 0.33-ppm measurement accuracy and precision, equivalent to 0.26% and 0.08% systematic and random errors, respectively, obtained using 13.6% target reflectivity. Range measurements indicate 0.7-m precision and 0.2-m accuracy. These results demonstrate the reliability of atmospheric CO2 measurements with high precision and high accuracy, using the pulsed 2- $\mu \text{m}$ IPDA lidar.
Chart-Review Based Frailty Assessment Can Predict Readmission after Lung Transplantation: A Pilot Study

Purpose Chart-based frailty assessment is an attractive option for evaluation of older transplant candidates, as it has been shown to be predictive of morbidity and mortality in the community-dwelling elderly population. We proposed to evaluate frailty in lung transplant candidates to determine whether retrospective frailty could be calculated, and whether it was associated with patient outcomes after transplantation. Methods In this retrospective study, in a previously evaluated cohort of lung transplant recipients, Frailty Risk Score (FRS) as described by Lekan et al. was calculated using a standardized assessment tool. Electronic medical record notes from pulmonologists, psychiatrists, and social workers; laboratory measures, and ICD-10 codes were reviewed. Length of hospitalization, number of readmissions, and time in hospital during the first year after transplantation were assessed. High FRS was defined as >3. Results 31 subjects were reviewed. The median age was 63 (range 42-77). Median FRS was 3 (range 1-7). The most common positive FRS components were dyspnea, fatigue, chronic pain, depression, and abnormal WBC. 21 patients (68%) were readmitted in the first year after transplantation, for a median of 1 readmission per patient (range 0-5). Patients spent a median of 19 days inpatient during the first year (range 7-82). There was no association between FRS and patient age (p=0.983). A significant association was seen between readmission and FRS, both by numeric score (p Conclusion Chart based frailty and comorbidity assessments can be readily performed in previous lung transplant recipients. Frailty as measured by FRS score was able to predict need for readmission and length of total inpatient hospitalizations, suggesting its promise as a tool for patient risk stratification.
Measuring and Improving Value of Care in Oncology Practices: ASCO Programs from Quality Oncology Practice Initiative to the Rapid Learning System

Rising cancer care costs are no longer sustainable. Medical oncologists must focus on providing the maximum value to their patients; improving short-term, intermediate and long-term outcomes; and managing overall costs. Accurate measurement of outcomes and overall cost is essential to informing providers and institutions and in the quest for continuous improvement in value. The ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) is an excellent tool for sampling processes of care in medical oncology practices. To achieve the larger goal of improving the value of cancer care, ASCO is investing in the development of a Rapid Learning System, which will leverage emerging information technologies to more accurately measure outcomes (including those reported by the patient) and costs, resulting in highly efficient, effective, and safe cancer care.
Using least angular regression to model the antibacterial potential of metronidazole complexes.

Imidazole has anti-inflammatory, antituberculotic, antimicrobial, antimycotic, antiviral, and antitumor properties in the human body, to name a few. Metronidazole [1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole] is a widely used antiprotozoan and antibacterial medication. Using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the current study models the antibacterial activity of already synthesised Metronidazole (MTZ) complexes ( $$MTZ-Benz$$ , $$MTZ-Benz-Cu$$ , $$MTZ-Benz-Cu-Cl_2CHCOOH$$ , $$MTZ$$ , $$MTZ-Cu$$ , $$MTZ-Cu-Cl_2CHCOOH$$ , $$MTZ-Benz-Ag$$ , $$MTZ-Benz-Ag-Cl_2CHCOOH$$ , $$MTZ-Ag$$ and $$MTZ-Ag-Cl_2CHCOOH$$ ) against E. coli, B. bronceptica, S. epidermidis, B. pumilus and S. aureus. To characterise the Metronidazole complexes for antibacterial activity against 05 microbes, the least angular regression and least absolute shrinkage selection operators were used. Asymmetric Least Squares was used to correct the spectrum baseline. Least angular regression outperforms cross-validated root mean square error in the fitted models. Using Least angular regression, influential wavelengths that explain the variation in antibacterial activity of Metronidazole complexes were identified and mapped against functional groups.
The Potential of ANGPTL8 Antagonism to Simultaneously Reduce Triglyceride and Increase HDL-Cholesterol Plasma Levels

Elevated triglyceride (TG) and reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) plasma levels are risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a drug that simultaneously reduces TG and increases HDL-C plasma levels has the potential to prevent and treat these diseases. Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) regulates plasma TG and HDL-C levels by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and endothelial lipase (EL), respectively. ANGPTL3 inhibition of LPL requires complex formation with ANGPTL8, which is not required for its inhibition of EL. Therefore, the entire pool of plasma ANGPTL3 can be classified as ANGPTL8-associated ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8-free ANGPTL3, where the former inhibits LPL and the latter inhibits EL. ANGPTL8 antibodies or inhibitors that block its interactions with ANGPTL3 can disrupt or preclude the ANGPTL3-8 complex formation, resulting in fewer ANGPTL3-8 complexes (reduced LPL inhibition), but more free ANGPTL3 (enhanced EL inhibition). Therefore, ANGPTL8 antagonism increases LPL activity while decreasing EL activity, thus leading to reduced plasma TG while simultaneously increasing HDL-C levels. In humans, carriers of ANGPTL8 truncating variants consistently have lower TG but higher HDL-C levels, supporting this hypothesis.
Latent Variable Models for Blind Source Separation

Correspondence analysis is an exploratory multivariate technique for simultaneously displaying scores representing the row categories and column categories of a two-way contingency table as the coordinates of points in a low-dimensional (two- or possibly three-dimensional) vector space. The objective is to clarify the relationship between the row and column variates of the table and to discover a low-dimensional explanation for possible deviations from independence of those variates. The methodology has its own nomenclature, and its approach is decidedly geometric, especially for interpreting the resulting graphical displays.
ADJUNCTIVE TREATMENTS FOR RURAL POPULATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the various definitions of rural versus urban areas, epidemiologic facts and trends, and the prevalence of mental health disorders in rural areas of the United States. It addresses some of the resulting clinical, social, and policy implications. It presents a discussion of the three major barriers to rural mental health services. It discusses evidence-based adjunctive treatments (EBATs) and the issues surrounding the development of an EBAT in rural communities. It presents a hypothetical implementation of a telehealth system and addresses cultural issues. Demographics, economics, and cultural values have a dynamic impact upon mental health and mental health care. Numerous barriers contribute to disparities in access to care and utilization of services and treatment of mental health disorders for rural residents. There is clear evidence that the availability of mental health services and the number of mental health providers in rural areas are severely inadequate. According to the Office of Rural Health Policy (1997) , telemental health is one of the five most common applications for telemedicine in rural hospitals. In a healthcare environment that is technology-oriented, providers and patients are recognizing the benefits of telemental health services. Technology has the potential to decrease the gap in services by increasing education, support, and connectedness between the client and the provider. Health care providers are leveraging the power of video networks to link patients, specialists, and clinicians, thus extending the reach of health care to rural regions. Due to the use of telemental health, patients experience lower out-of-pocket costs, less travel, and shorter wait times as they receive medical care.
More Primes and Polynomials

Triplets of polynomials in four variables with rational coefficients and every term of arbitrarily high degree are exhibited. At least one polynomial in each triplet vanishes on infinitely many integer points whose coordinates are all prime.
Conformational Change Associated with the Acylation of α-Chymotrypsin by N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine Methyl Ester

Abstract The reaction of α-chymotrypsin with N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester has been studied using subzero temperatures and 65% aqueous dimethylsulfoxide as solvent. Since this substrate is essentially transparent in the region of tryptophan absorption (290 nm), the reaction was monitored by measuring the fluorescence emission of the enzyme. By initiating the reaction at -80 or -90° (in the pH range 4 to 7.5), three sequential reactions could be detected as the temperature was progressively raised. The first reaction was attributed to binding of substrate, the latter two to acylation and deacylation, respectively. Comparison of the fluorescence emission spectra of the products of these reactions with enzyme alone under identical conditions was made. The spectrum of the product of the first reaction differed only slightly from free enzyme, whereas the spectrum of the acyl-enzyme had a very substantially reduced emission intensity as well as a blue shift in λmax. The data suggest significant changes in the environment about 1 or more tryptophan residues in the acyl-enzyme as compared to the free enzyme or Michaelis complex.
Building teacher candidates’ adaptive expertise: engaging experienced teachers in prompting reflection

Adaptive expertise supports teachers’ balance between efficiency and innovation, a requirement for teachers to respond to the changing realities of teaching practice. For special educators, students’ variability, role complexity, and diverse instructional settings inherent to special education create unique challenges. Thus, this paper presents a reflection prompt protocol designed to elicit adaptive skills and dispositions from teacher candidates through dialogue with experienced teachers in a learning community. Pilot findings are presented to explore the protocol’s credibility in prompting adaptive expertise with both experienced teachers and teacher candidates. We offer limitations, implications, and next steps for future study of promoting teacher candidates’ adaptive expertise.
A New Approach to Universal Unification and Its Application to AC-Unification

A complete unification algorithm for simple theories is described. This algorithm is an extension of the variable abstraction approach. Since the associative-commutative (AC) theory is simple, an immediate consequence of this algorithm is a new AC-unification procedure. A partial correctness proof is given and some preliminary termination results for the AC case are presented.
Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in acute lung injury

Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are host-derived molecules that can function to regulate the activation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). These molecules play a critical role in modulating the lung injury response. DAMPs originate from multiple sources, including injured and dying cells, the extracellular matrix, or exist as immunomodulatory proteins within the airspace and interstitium. DAMPs can function as either toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists or antagonists, and can modulate both TLR and nod-like receptor (NLR) signalling cascades. Collectively, this diverse group of molecules may represent important therapeutic targets in the prevention and/or treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and its more severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Automobile driving and epilepsy: a medical perspective.

The risks of persons with controlled seizure disorders for traffic safety are reviewed. Previous studies provide insufficient and inaccurate data on this subject. Moreover, the advances in diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy and the improved safety and technology of automobiles and roads have made previous studies out of date and inapplicable to current circumstances. A number of vital questions concerning the determination of safe prognosis remain unanswered. Studies to address these questions and ways of improving future decision making are suggested. Language: en
The process and challenges of a high-speed DUT board project

This paper addresses the overall project needs and recommended project practices for a high-speed ATE interface. The interface between the device under test (DUT) and the test system is typically referred to as a DUT board or loadboard. The goal of developing a high-speed loadboard is to maintain high signal integrity on those signal lines where it is critical to the performance of the device, and accurate testing. This paper will focus more on project management, and fabrication issues in implementing a high-speed design and less on high-speed design techniques. High-speed design techniques will be touched upon as needed to illustrate the key message. The goal of this paper is to complement other design technique based papers and provide a complete picture of a loadboard activity.
Bradley lethality study

The Bradley Fighting Vehicle System entered into army-service in 1981 and will be used in the Army inventory until at least the year 2032. In order to maintain lethal dominance, the Bradley will require a new direct fire systems. Larger caliber systems provide increased lethality, but reduce die amount of ammunition available and have increased cost. This project investigated which alternative provides the optimum Bradley weapons system. The client was interested in the weapon performance over a variety of terrains and mission profiles. In order to reduce the number of combinations of design variables, Pythagoras, an agent-based model was employed to investigate the optimum burst size for each weapon. Then a high resolution combat model, JCATS, will be employed to examine the performance of the candidate systems as compared to the current system. A value model was developed to compare the evaluation measures.
Polymerase Processivity: Measurement and Mechanisms

The processivity of DNA synthesis by a DNA polymerase is defined as the number of nucleotides that a polymerase can incorporate into DNA during a single template-binding event, before dissociating from a DNA template. The overall efficiency of DNA synthesis increases when the processivity of a polymerase increases. Keywords: DNA polymerase; DNA replication; processivity; polymerase accessory proteins
A Case Study of Michigan’s Breastfeeding Initiative: The Role of Coalitions in Community-Based Breastfeeding Support

The Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) funded 9 local breastfeeding coalitions to implement breastfeeding support groups and to develop breastfeeding resources for mothers and health professionals. The authors conducted qualitative analyses of reports, success stories, and MDCH grantees' interview responses (via follow-up call with 3 coalitions) to assess key barriers, facilitators, and lessons learned for coalitions implementing breastfeeding support groups. Coalitions noted implementation barriers related to their organizational structure and to recruiting mothers and finding meeting locations. Facilitators to implementing breastfeeding support groups included referrals, expertise, resources, and incentives. The following themes emerged from the reports analysis regarding how to implement breastfeeding support groups: "meet moms where they are," build community partnerships, and leverage in-kind and financial resources to sustain breastfeeding support groups.
Clinical applications of arterial spin labeling

MR arterial spin labeling is primarily applied as a neuroimaging method to measure cerebral blood flow. As this technique becomes more widely available, a basic understanding of the clinical applications is necessary for optimal utilization in the setting of patient care. This review focuses on the use of arterial spin labeling imaging for the evaluation of cerebrovascular disease, brain tumors and neuropsychiatric illness.
Postglobal Teacher Preparation: Border Thinking Along the Global South Through International Cross-Cultural Experiences La Preparación Post Global del Maestro: El Pensamiento de Frontera en el Sur Global a través de Experiencias Internacionales Transculturales

Preservice teachers’ international cross-cultural experiences can provide opportunities for the exploration of epistemic frontiers. In this article we suggest that postglobal teacher preparation is a critically reflective approach that engages preservice teachers in border thinking, which allows for other ways of knowing while studying abroad. Through international cross-cultural experiences, preservice teachers can recognize the disparate impacts of neoliberal economic globalization on educational and social equity within the metaphorical global South and the global North. We examine the narratives constructed by preservice teachers through the reflection of their international cross-cultural experiences during a Honduras Study Abroad Program. The article also explores the implications of a postglobal preparation for preservice teachers. (This article is provided in English only.) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Las experiencias culturales internacionales de aquellos que se preparan para ser maestros pueden proveer oportunidades para la exploracion de fronteras epistemicas. Este articulo sugiere la preparacion postglobal como una aproximacion critica y reflexiva que puede comprometer a los que se preparan para ser maestros hacia una forma fronteriza de pensamiento la cual les permite explorar otras formas de conocimiento. A traves de esta experiencia los maestros en preparacion tambien pueden tener la oportunidad de reconocer los impactos desiguales de la economia neoliberal y capitalista sobre diversas plataformas educacionales y sociales dentro de lo que metaforicamente se conocen como sur y norte globales. En este articulo se analizan narrativas construidas por los maestros en formacion durante un programa de estudios internacionales en Honduras. Se exploran tambien implicancias para la preparacion postglobal en la educacion de maestros. (Este articulo se ofrece solamente en ingles.)
Measurements of the spatial distribution of H2 desorbed from Ni surfaces: Effects of surface composition and crystal orientation

Abstract The effects of surface composition and crystal orientation on the spatial distribution of H 2 molecules desorbed from Ni surfaces have been examined. In this continuation of the work of Dabiri et al., we have obtained data for both polycrystalline and singlecrystal [(111) and (110)] Ni surfaces that are contaminated to varying degrees with impurities. The surface composition was detected by Auger electron spectroscopy and varied by ion bombardment and by controlled deposition of S, C, Si and Au. The spatial distribution of the desorbed molecules was measured with a rotatable ionization gauge. The measured spatial distributions may be described approximately by the form cos d θ, where θ is the angle of inspection measured from the surface normal. Prior to cleaning the Ni surfaces by ion bombardment, the distributions are essentially the same (i.e., d ≈ 4) for the polycrystalline and single-crystal samples and for sample temperatures ranging from 925 to 1225°K. In this case, however, the Auger spectra indicate that the surfaces are unintentionally contaminated with S and, to a lesser degree, with C. After the surfaces are cleaned by ion bombardment, the distributions are essentially diffuse (i.e., d ≈ 1). Diffuse distributions are also observed when pure layers of S, C, or Si are deposited on the Ni surfaces. These results indicate that the spatial distribution of H 2 desorbed from Ni is independent of crystal orientation and temperature, but strongly dependent upon surface composition. Non-diffuse distributions (i.e., d ≠ 1) were observed only for impure surfaces (i.e., surfaces composed of more than one element). Based on these results, we suggest that the non-diffuse distributions reported by Van Willigen, Palmer et al., and Dabiri et al. correspond to impure surfaces.
LAPAROSCOPIC ADRENALECTOMY: THE PREFERRED CHOICE? A COMPARISON TO OPEN ADRENALECTOMY

AbstractPurpose: We compare the effectiveness and efficiency of laparoscopic adrenalectomy to open surgical management of adrenal disorders.Materials and Methods: A retrospective comparison was undertaken of 21 patients who underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy between April 1996 and May 1997 with 17 patients who underwent open adrenalectomy between October 1994 and January 1996. Any patient suspected of having primary adrenal carcinoma and/or an adrenal lesion larger than 6 cm. was excluded from the study.Results: Patient demographics were matched well. Mean laparoscopic surgical time was 79 minutes longer than for open surgery. After overcoming the learning curve, the surgical time decreased by 59 minutes in the last 10 laparoscopic adrenalectomies. All laparoscopic intraoperative complications were managed without the need for open surgical conversion. Postoperative characteristics demonstrated significant benefits in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.001) with respect to days to return to f...
Transglutaminase facilitates the formation of polymers of the β-amyloid peptide

One of the major pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease is the increased number of amyloid-containing senile plaques within the brain. The dense cores of these plaques are composed primarily of highly insoluble aggregates of a 39-43-residue peptide referred to as the beta-amyloid peptide (beta A). The mechanisms by which these insoluble extracellular deposits of beta A are formed remain unknown. In this study, the cross-linking of beta A by the calcium-dependent enzyme, transglutaminase was examined. Transglutaminases are a family of enzymes which are found in brain, and catalyse the cross-linking of specific proteins into insoluble polymers. Synthetic beta A (1-40) was readily cross-linked by transglutaminase, forming multimers in a time-dependent fashion. Furthermore, a second peptide with a substitution similar to that in the Dutch-type hereditary amyloidosis mutation (Glu22 to Gln) was also found to be a substrate for transglutaminase. Since transglutaminase covalently cross-links proteins through glutamine residues, it is suggested that transglutaminase contributes to amyloid deposition in Dutch-type hereditary amyloidosis, and possibly Alzheimer's disease.
Exploiting Discourse Structure for Spoken Dialogue Performance Analysis

In this paper we study the utility of discourse structure for spoken dialogue performance modeling. We experiment with various ways of exploiting the discourse structure: in isolation, as context information for other factors (correctness and certainty) and through trajectories in the discourse structure hierarchy. Our correlation and PARADISE results show that, while the discourse structure is not useful in isolation, using the discourse structure as context information for other factors or via trajectories produces highly predictive parameters for performance analysis.