cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methylseleninic acid, a potent growth inhibitor of synchronized mouse mammary epithelial tumor cells in vitro.

Abstract 1 Selenium compounds have been shown to be effective chemopreventive agents in several animal models and in cultured cells in vitro. It has been proposed that compounds able to generate monomethyl Se have an increased potential to inhibit cell growth. To test this hypothesis, methylseleninic acid (MSeA) and other compounds that could generate methylselenol rapidly were compared with Se compounds that do not generate monomethyl Se, using a well-characterized synchronized TM6 mouse mammary epithelial tumor model in vitro. MSeA at a low micromolar concentration inhibited TM6 growth after 10- to 15-min treatment times. Cells resumed growth after 24 hr but remained sensitive to the fresh addition of monomethyl Se-generators. Dimethyl selenide (DMSe), a putative metabolite of methylselenol, was inactive. Cells treated with 5 μM MSeA were arrested in G1. The effects of 5 μM MSeA on gene expression were evaluated using the Atlas mouse cDNA expression array. A 10-min exposure with MSeA caused a 2- to 3-fold change in the expression of three genes: laminin receptor 1 (decreased), integrin beta (decreased), and Egr-1 (increased). The results provide experimental support for the hypothesis that monomethylated forms of Se are the critical effector molecules in Se-mediated growth inhibition in vitro.
Remittances as insurance: evidence from Mexican immigrants

We argue that remittances are, in part, transferred to the home country to purchase family-provided insurance and self-insurance. We use data on Mexican immigrants with work experience in the United States to capture the motives for sending remittances and use a novel approach to test for the insurance motive by relating host economy risk levels to remittance flows. We find that increases in income risk significantly raises both the propensity and the proportion of labor earnings sent home for family-provided insurance and for self-insurance.
Transformation and Decay: the de-institutionalisation of party systems in South America

Abstract This article surveys the evolution of party systems in South America in terms of their level of institutionalisation. In recent times political competition in much of South America has become less structured by political parties proper and has moved in the direction of candidate-centred movements and electoral vehicles led by political entrepreneurs. Most countries in South America (Brazil, Chile and Uruguay are exceptions) have experienced party system de-institutionalisation during the 1990s and 2000s, as voters have systematically punished traditional parties, often rendering them marginal or forcing their disappearance. The scale of decomposition varies across cases but it has affected countries with historically well institutionalised party systems (Colombia, Venezuela) and those with inchoate party systems (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia) alike.
The Seen and the Unseen: Clinical Guidelines and Cost-Effective Care

In the department of economy, an act, a habit, an institution, a law, gives birth not only to an effect, but to a series of effects. Of these effects, the first only is immediate; it manifests itself simultaneously with its cause—it is seen. The others unfold in succession—they are not seen: It
Parents' Views on Child Welfare's Response to Addiction

The helping system often responds to parents recovering from addiction in a way that reinforces their powerlessness and may perpetuate their addiction. This study identified worker and agency qualities that contribute to parents' recovery and family reunification. The authors conducted a qualitative study of successful clients of the child welfare system who regained their children after recovering from addiction. These parents describe the importance of workers' understanding the context of addiction from the parent's perspective.
Economy of mate attraction in the Cassin's finch

Mate attraction can be costly. Thus, individuals should modulate it according to its probable benefits. Specifically, individuals should modulate mate-attraction efforts based on their need for, the probability of attracting, and the reproductive competence of prospective mates. We tested these predictions by monitoring song output in laboratory-housed male Cassin9s finches ( Carpodacus cassinii ) before, during and after brief female exposure following variable periods of isolation from females. We inferred individual reproductive competence from the product of season and reproductive schedule, the latter estimated from moult progress. Males produced little song in the presence of a female but robustly elevated song output in response to female loss. However, mere absence of a female did not elevate song output in males unaccustomed to female proximity. Furthermore, song output in response to female loss increased with her reproductive competence. We suggest that individuals modulate mate-attraction effort based on the benefits such efforts are likely to yield.
Cell proliferation in the erythroid compartment of guinea-pig bone marrow: studies with 3H-thymidine.

Single and multiple injections of 3H-TdR have been used for measuring the rate of proliferation in morphologically defined cell populations of guinea-pig bone marrow that are committed to erythroid differentiation. The conclusions are based on the analysis of absolute cell numbers in the maturational compartments, the labeling and mitotic indices, labeled mitotic curves, pulse and chase grain counts over dividing and interphase cells, and on the rate of labeling during multiple, repeated injections of 3H-TdR. The average duration of S and the rate of cycling is similar in all maturational compartments of the erythron. The majority of cells progress to the next maturational compartment by the time they divide for the second time. All proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts are in cycle. Polychromatic erythroblasts incapable of incorporating 3H-TdR reach the orthochromatic population in the span of 5–6 hr. The orthochromatic population is renewed every 20–24 hr. The number of divisions between the proerythroblast and orthochromatic erythroblast does not exceed four and some cells may undergo only two divisions during the maturation pathway. Cell input from a progenitor cell population contributes to the maintenance of the erythron. The kinetic behavior of progenitor cells is similar to that of proerythroblasts. By the time of their second division, progenitor cells may reach either the proerythroblast or basophilic erythroblast compartments. The kinetic behavior of basophilic transitional cells corresponds to the predicted behavior of the erythroblast progenitor cell pool. Several of the conclusions are based on the assumption that grain count halving is the result of cell division. In view of the evidence discussed, this assumption in the present studies seems justified.
Quantifying the Potential Impacts of Fuel Treatments on Wildfire Suppression Costs

pression costs. Our approach pairs wildfire simulation outputs with a regression cost model and quantifies the influence of fuel treatments on distributions of wildfire sizes and suppression costs. Estimates of suppression cost reductions can ultimately be compared to treatment costs within a cost-benefit framework.
Towards a calculus of biomolecular complexes at equilibrium

An overview is presented of the construction and use of algebraic partition functions to represent the equilibrium statistical mechanics of multimolecular complexes and their action within a larger regulatory network. Unlike many applications of equilibrium statistical mechanics, multimolecular complexes may operate with various subsets of their components present and connected to the others, the rest remaining in solution. Thus they are variable-structure systems. This aspect of their behavior may be accounted for by the use of 'fugacity' variables as a representation within the partition functions. Four principles are proposed by which the combinatorics of molecular complex construction can be reflected in the construction of their partition functions. The corresponding algebraic operations on partition functions are multiplication, addition, function composition and a less commonly used operation called contraction. Each has a natural interpretation in terms of probability distributions on multimolecular structures. Possible generalizations to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics are briefly discussed.
The late positive potential predicts emotion regulation strategy use in school-aged children concurrently and two years later

The ability to use cognitive emotion regulation strategies such as reappraisal may be a core component of emotional competence across development, but due to methodological challenges in measuring such strategies, they are rarely studied in young children. One neurophysiological measure, the late positive potential (LPP), has been examined in response to reappraisal as a potential neurosignature for emotion regulatory capacity in adults. The association between the LPP and emotion regulatory capacity in children is unknown. The present study examined whether the LPP during reappraisal could predict greater observed adaptive emotion regulation strategy use in school-aged children over a two-year period. Thirty-two 5- to 7-year-olds participated in two identical lab visits spaced two years apart. EEG was continuously recorded during a computerized reappraisal task in which children viewed unpleasant images paired with either reappraisal or negative stories. Next they completed a disappointing and a frustrating task during which emotion regulation strategies were observed. As predicted, children who showed reappraisal-induced reductions in the LPP at the first assessment used significantly more adaptive ER strategies concurrently and two years later. These findings provide observation-based evidence that the LPP may be a viable neurosignature for emotion regulatory capacity in children.
Low barrier kinetics: Dependence on observables and free energy surface

Dynamics on free energy surfaces with high activation barriers are usually treated by few-state kinetics models, yielding characteristic rate coefficients and amplitudes depending on the connectivity of the states. When the barriers are low (< 3 kT), the assumption of instantaneous equilibration of the transition state, and hence, the few-state kinetics treatment, break down. Langevin dynamics is used here to explore the characteristic trends that occur in such cases, as a function of barrier height, number of barriers, dimensionality of the free energy surface, and switching functions that describe how spectroscopic probes vary from reactant to product. The result is a systematic phenomenological description of low barrier kinetics and dynamics.
Visceral abdominal fat is correlated with whole-body fat and physical activity among 8-y-old children at risk of obesity

Background— Abdominal fat is more related to health risk than is whole-body fat. Determining the factors related to children’s visceral fat could result in interventions to improve child health. Objective— Given the effects of physical activity on adults’ visceral fat, it was hypothesized that, after accounting for whole-body fat, physical activity would be inversely related to children’s visceral (VAT), but not to subcutaneous (SAT), abdominal adipose tissue. Design— In this cross-sectional observational study conducted in forty-two 8-y-old children (21 boys, 21 girls) at risk of obesity [>75th body mass index (BMI) percentile, with at least one overweight parent], familial factors (eg, maternal BMI), historic weight-related factors (eg, birth weight), and the children’s current physical activity (self-reported and measured with accelerometry) and diet were examined as potential correlates of the children’s whole-body composition (measured with BMI and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and abdominal fat distribution (measured by magnetic resonance imaging). Results— Accelerometer-measured physical activity was related to whole-body fat (r =−0.32, P <0.10), SAT (r =−0.29, P <0.10), and VAT (r =−0.43, P <0.05). In regression models, whole-body fat was positively associated with and the only significant correlate of SAT. Whole-body fat was positively related and accelerometer-measured physical activity was negatively and independently related to the children’s VAT. Conclusions— Both SAT and VAT in 8-y-old children at risk of obesity are most closely associated with whole-body fat. However, after control for whole-body fat, greater physical activity is only associated with lower VAT, not SAT, in these children.
Sold(i)ering Masculinity Photographing the Coalition's Male Soldiers

This article is a consideration of the nexus of photography, masculinity, and American nationalism in the traumatic post-9/11 context of the war in Iraq. It begins by outlining a theoretical framework for the interpretation of contemporary images of men at war. This background informs the rest of the argument, which is structured around an analysis of a particular collection of images from a commemorative photo history of the ongoing conflict. The photos are freighted with particular narratives about the shape and meaning of militarized and imaged masculinity in the global war on terrorism, particularly as it intersects with race, ethnicity, and sexuality. Ultimately, the article contends that the relationships between visuality, nationalism, and masculinity are intimate, and that attention to this imbrication is essential to an understanding of the discourses and politics of the war.
A theory of local and global processes which affect solar wind electrons 2. Experimental support

The microscopic characteristics of the Coulomb cross section show that there are three natural subpopulations for plasma electrons: the subthermals with local kinetic energy E kT sub c; the transthermals with kT sub c E 7 kT sub c and the extrathermals E 7 kT sub c. Data from three experimental groups on three different spacecraft in the interplanetary medium over a radial range are presented to support the five interrelations projected between solar wind electron properties and changes in the interplanetary medium: (1) subthermals respond primarily to local changes (compression and rarefactions) in stream dynamics; (2) the extrathermal fraction of the ambient electron density should be anti-correlated with the asymptotic bulk speed; (3) the extrathermal "temperature" should be anti-correlated with the local wind speed at 1 AU; (4) the heat flux carried by electrons should be anti-correlated with the local bulk speed; and (5) the extrathermal differential 'temperature' should be nearly independent of radius within 1 AU.
Comparison of the Diuretic Renogram and the Pressure Perfusion Study in Children

AbstractWe evaluated 42 hydronephrotic kidneys with diuretic renography and pressure perfusion studies to diagnose or exclude the presence of obstruction. Both studies were highly accurate but a small number of false positive and false negative studies were observed with each testing modality. The advantages, disadvantages and potential sources of inaccuracy of each study are discussed, and a protocol for the evaluation of hydronephrosis incorporating both studies is proposed.
High Operating Temperature Quantum-Dot Infrared Photodetector Using Advanced Capping Techniques

We demonstrate an improvement in the operating temperature of a quantum dot-in-a-well (DWELL)-based infrared photodetector with spectral response observable till 250 K. This improvement was achieved through engineering the dot geometry and the quantum confinement via postgrowth capping of the quantum dots (QDs) by selecting overlying materials under various growth conditions. The effect of the capping procedures was determined by examining the optical properties of the QDs. These were then introduced into the active region of a DWELL IR photodetector. Using this approach, the dark current density is as low as 6.3 × 10-7 A/cm2 (Vb = 7 V) at 77 K; the highest operating temperature is increased to 250 K with the λp = 3.2 μm. The peak detectivity is found to be 1 × 109 cm·Hz1/2 /W at 77 K and 7.2 × 107 cm·Hz1/2/W at 250 K.
By Way of Introduction

In this article, readers are introduced to the special JSI issue on gender stereotyping, sexual harassment, and the law via examination of a hypothetical yet infamous expert witness, Professor Fiske Borgida. Fiske Borgida survives the rigors of courtroom testimony and manages to educate the court about (1) the definition and measurement of sexual harassment, (2) the intrapersonal and interpersonal forces contributing to harassment, (3) individual and organizational reactions to harassment, and (4) utilization of research on gender stereotyping and sexual harassment by the courts. The presiding judge qualifies Fiske Borgida as an expert but then adjourns the proceeding in order to carefully read the contents of the special issue.
Potential mechanisms for the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on endothelial dysfunction: the role of nitric oxide

E vasomotor responses in coronary arteries are impaired in patients with coronary artery disease and in those with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and angiographically normal coronary arteries. The impaired vasodilative response in these vessels is due largely to decreased bioactivity of the potent vasodilator, nitric oxide (NO).1 In early studies1 in subjects with angiographically normal coronary arteries with and without risk factors for coronary artery disease, we found that intracoronary administration of L-N-monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA), a specific inhibitor of the synthesis of NO from L-arginine via activity of NO synthase, resulted in increased resting vascular resistance, decreased epicardial diameter, and a decreased response to the endothelium-mediated vasodilative effects of acetylcholine in epicardial arteries and the coronary microvasculature. These effects were reversed by intracoronary administration of the NO precursor Larginine (Figure 1). The vasoconstrictive effect of L-NMMA and the vasodilative effect of acetylcholine, as well as the inhibition of the effects of acetylcholine by L-NMMA, were greater in both epicardial arteries and the microvasculature of subjects without risk factors compared with those with risk factors. These findings suggested that NO contributes importantly to resting epicardial and coronary microvascular tone, that vasodilation in response to acetylcholine results primarily from increased production or activity of NO, and that coronary risk factors are associated with decreased resting and stimulated bioavailability of NO in the coronary circulation.
Estimating the Effects of Private School Vouchers in Multidistrict Economies

This paper estimates a general equilibrium model of school quality and household residential and school choice for economies with multiple public school districts and private schools. In the model, households have heterogeneous religious preferences, and private schools can be either Catholic or non-Catholic. The model is estimated with 1990 data from large metropolitan areas in the United States, and the estimates are then used to simulate two large-scale private school voucher programs in the Chicago metropolitan area: universal (non-targeted) vouchers, and vouchers restricted to nonCatholic schools. The simulation results indicate that both programs increase private school enrollment, and affect household residential choice, with the largest school quality and welfare gains accruing to low-income households. Universal vouchers increase enrollment at both Catholic and non-Catholic private schools, yet when vouchers are restricted to non-Catholic schools, the overall private school enrollment expands less at moderate voucher levels, and enrollment in Catholic schools tends to decline, relative to the non-voucher equilibrium, as the dollar amount of the voucher increases. In addition, fewer households benefit from non-Catholic vouchers.
Transgenic α-1-antitrypsin secreted into the bloodstream from salivary glands is biologically active.

OBJECTIVES Salivary glands are potentially a valuable target for gene therapeutics. Herein, we examined the expression and biochemical activity of human alpha-1-antitrypsin (hA1AT) produced in rodent submandibular glands after gene transfer.
Critically appraising quantitative research

Critical appraisal of quantitative research is a skill that is necessary for adequate evidence-based practice. This paper describes critical appraisal and offers a process for its implementation. Four categories of quantitative studies are reviewed and associated links to relevant critical appraisal frameworks are provided. The implications for students, nursing faculty members, and practicing nurses are discussed.
Coding of feature and no-feature events by pigeons performing a delayed conditional discrimination

Pigeons’ performance of a delayed conditional discrimination with presence versus absence of conditional (sample) stimuli was examined in two experiments. The pigeons showed steeper retention functions with feature (i.e., presence) samples (either food or yellow) than with no-feature (i.e., absence) samples (either no food or no yellow). These results suggest that pigeons code features and respond only by default to test stimuli (comparisons) associated with no features. In contrast, the overall superiority of performance on no-feature-sample trials compared with feature-sample trials in both the food/no-food- and yellow/no-yellow-sample tasks was reversed at a 0-sec delay in the food/no-food-sample group, but not in the yellow/non-yellow-sample group. This difference in results with hedonic versus nonhedonic samples suggests that the crossover in delay performance on food/no-food-sample trials is produced by the formation of backward associations between the food-associated comparison stimulus and the food sample.
Improved floating-gate devices using standard CMOS technology

A standard 2- mu m, double-polysilicon, CMOS technology has been used to fabricate a floating-gate MOSFET. The 12- mu m*17- mu m device is electrically programmed using hot-electron injection and electrically erased using Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. Both operations can be performed with voltages lower than the junction breakdown voltage of the process, allowing high integration density and improved reliability. Programming times of hundreds of microseconds and erase times of tends of milliseconds are reported, both for a Delta V/sub t/ of 3 V. The programming time is about five orders of magnitude shorter than that of previously reported devices in a similar technology. The device is suitable for both analog and digital applications. >
Operation Bandit-CIM from a user perspective

A fully automated, computer-integrated factory has been implemented. Display pagers with a lot size of one are produced utilizing a state-of-the-art computer control system. Pagers are manufactured with shorter cycle times, higher quality, lower costs, and greater inventory turns than with traditional manufacturing methods. A key to the implementation of cost-competitive domestic manufacturing is an effective CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) strategy. The demand for a zero-setup-time, lot-size-of-one, built-to-order automated manufacturing system required an advanced CIM system. Each pager is unique, with a special set of hardware and software customized to the end user. The CIM system supporting the database driven factory allows over 21 million combinations of product to be manufactured individually, one at a time. The CIM hardware and software architectures are described. >
Fighting the "fire" of myocardial reperfusion injury: how to define success?

It is axiomatic that after an acute myocardial infarction, the greatest impact in limiting infarct size and improving patient prognosis occurs with prompt reperfusion by mechanical or pharmacologic thrombolysis. However, as Jennings et al. ([1][1]) originally observed, reperfusion itself potentially
Feeding the Postoperative Patient on Vasopressor Support Feeding and Pressor Support

Initiating enteral nutrition in the postoperative patient can be challenging. Postoperative ileus and bowel edema, bowel anastomosis, and intra-abdominal pathology contribute to the reluctance and inability to achieve adequate nutrition in this patient population. The addition of vasopressors confounds the difficulties. Clinical data are sparse but suggest that most postoperative patients requiring vasopressor therapy can be safely initiated and advanced on enteral nutrition. Consideration of the vasopressor agent being utilized and its dose is imperative, as are individual patient characteristics. Temporal changes in the dosage should be closely monitored, as increasing doses may reflect worsening clinical status that can be due to intestinal ischemia. Well-designed prospective trials are clearly necessary to address this controversial topic.
Approximation Strategies for Multi-Structure Sentence Compression

Sentence compression has been shown to benefit from joint inference involving both n-gram and dependency-factored objectives but this typically requires expensive integer programming. We explore instead the use of Lagrangian relaxation to decouple the two subproblems and solve them separately. While dynamic programming is viable for bigram-based sentence compression, finding optimal compressed trees within graphs is NP-hard. We recover approximate solutions to this problem using LP relaxation and maximum spanning tree algorithms, yielding techniques that can be combined with the efficient bigrambased inference approach using Lagrange multipliers. Experiments show that these approximation strategies produce results comparable to a state-of-the-art integer linear programming formulation for the same joint inference task along with a significant improvement in runtime.
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction: False Positive and False Negative Results

Quantitative and histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT) tests were performed on leukocytes of 13 patients with polycythemia vera, seven with chronic granulocytic leukemia, eight with neoplastic disease associated with fever, 16 with bacterial infection, and 13 healthy control individuals. No significant differences were detected in the quantitative test between any of the groups studied. The histochemical NBT test was significantly higher than control in the patients with polycythemia vera and neoplasia associated with fever, as well as in those with known bacterial infection. It is suggested that patients with neoplasia or polycythemia vera may show a false positive reaction in the histochemical NBT test. Conversely, the test was significantly lower than control in patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia. Such patients might show a false negative reaction in the test even if infection were present.
Photographs and Descriptions of Cup-Fungi—XXVIII. A New Helotium

Since 1912 a species of Helotium has been collected or observed year after year on the seeds of sour-gum, Nyssa sylvatica, in the New York Botanical Garden. This has occurred quite abundantly under one particular tree. It is similar to Helotium fructigenum, which occurs on acorns and hickory nuts, but the spores are slightly larger, which with its persistent habitat leads the writer to believe that it is a distinct species. It is, therefore, submitted as a new species.
The Surgical Management of Complicated Clostridium Difficile Infection: Alternatives to Colectomy

Abstract Background: Clostridium difficile is the most common nosocomial infection in the United States. There is a subset of patients for whom medical therapy fails or who progress rapidly to the development of complicated disease, often marked by critical systemic illness. Patients with complicated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) who progress or fail to improve benefit from surgery. Results: This focused review highlights the importance of early surgical consultation for patients with complicated CDI, as well as emerging surgical therapy that does not involve resection of the colon but rather the creation of a loop ileostomy with colonic lavage, followed by antegrade vancomycin enemas into the colon during the post-operative period.
Note, In Defense of Administrative Agency Autonomy

Recent Supreme Court decisions suggest that Congress lacks the constitutional authority to insulate any federal agency or high-ranking civil officer from complete presidential control, and that so-called independent federal agencies may therefore be unconstitutional. The Justice Department and many legal scholars concur. If the courts adopt this view, Congress will lose the most practical of its few remaining tools for ensuring federal administrative fidelity to legislative intentions. This Note argues, however, that the Constitution permits Congress to create executive agencies with substantial autonomy, regardless of whether they are called independent.Because autonomy requires insulation from politically motivated removal, Section I begins by analyzing the reach of the President's removal power. It then offers a reinterpretation of terms in Humphrey’s Executor v. United States, the key modern case holding that Congress may constrain the President's removal power. Distinguishing between presidential powers, which belong to the President alone, and more general executive powers, which do not, allows Congress to use agency autonomy as a constraint on presidential discretion and gives Congress an option besides acquiescence or impeachment when confronted by presidential disregard of the legislative will.Agency autonomy does not embrace the rejected concept of a plural executive, nor does it amount to a fourth branch of government. Section II demonstrates that the degree of autonomy implied by the presidential-executive distinction is consistent with the constitutional text, structural constitutional theory, the intent of the Framers, a long history of legislative practice, and much administrative history as well. Section III outlines how the presidential-executive distinction can work in practice, and applies it to pending allegations that agencies whose top officials do not serve at the pleasure of the President violate the separation of powers when they take executive actions.
Lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals as promising nucleating agent for poly(lactic acid)

We report the effect of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNCs) on the crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). PLA/L-CNC nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing, and the crystallization behavior of PLA was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Isothermal crystallization data were analyzed using Avrami and Lauritzen–Hoffman secondary nucleation theory, while the equilibrium melting temperature was determined using the nonlinear Hoffman–Weeks method. The lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals acted as a nucleating agent and significantly increased the rate of crystallization and degree of crystallinity of PLA in PLA/L-CNC nanocomposites. The Avrami exponent, n, increased in the presence of L-CNCs, displaying a conversion from lamellar morphology to two-dimensional crystal growth. PLA/L-CNC nanocomposites also gave lower values of the nucleation parameters, $$K_{\text{g}}$$ and σ e, due to a reduction in the activation energy for nucleation.
Effect of the single-leg, lateral oblique, decline squat exercise on sacroiliac joint pain with knee pain

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of the single-leg, lateral oblique, decline squat exercise on sacroiliac joint pain with knee pain. [Subjects and Methods] A 39-year-old female had severe pain in the right medial buttock and right anterior knee. This study assessed the anterior pelvic tilt angle and pain provocation tests before and after single-leg, lateral oblique, decline squat exercise for 4 weeks. [Results] Following the course of exercise, the anterior pelvic tilt angles were increased, and the visual analog scale pain scores for both the right buttock and right knee were 2/10. [Conclusion] Single-leg, lateral oblique, decline squat exercise may be effective for treating SI joint pain with knee pain in females.
Diminution de l’exposition des patients aux radiations au cours des gestes de rhumatologie interventionnelle après optimisation des pratiques

Resume Objectifs Diminuer l’irradiation des patients lors des gestes de rhumatologie interventionnelle, sans diminuer la qualite du geste. Methodes La dose d’irradiation recue (produit dose surface [PDS]) a d’abord ete quantifiee lors de 283 infiltrations realisees sous scopie, avant optimisation, entre mai et juillet 2013. Elle a ete a nouveau mesuree en 2014, lors de 158 nouvelles infiltrations realisees cette fois apres optimisation des procedures : (1) interposition d’un filtre cuivre ; (2) retrait de la grille antidiffusante ; (3) reglage de la sensibilite de la cellule d’exposition en mode eleve. Resultats Avant optimisation, l’irradiation moyenne etait de 175 μgray/m 2 pour les infiltrations de quatre articulations zygapophysaires et de 43 μgray/m 2 pour celles des hanches, mais elle restait inferieure a 20 μgray/m 2 pour celles des epaules (15,7), chevilles (7,7), poignets (3,7) et doigts (3,3). Une tres nette diminution des PDS a ete observee pour chaque site d’infiltration apres optimisation des procedures, la baisse de la PDS allant de 52 % (pour l’epaule) a 87 % (pour les articulations zygapophysaires, desormais a 22,7 μgray/m 2 seulement). Ceci etant vrai pour les 3 etapes : installation du patient, geste medical et cliche final. Les PDS des infiltrations des articulations zygapophysaires etaient de 84 (54,5–108,5) μgray/m 2 pour les indices de masse corporelle (IMC) 2 pour les IMC > 30. Conclusion Des procedures techniques simples permettent une diminution majeure de l’irradiation des patients lors des infiltrations realisees sous scopie, en particulier pour les articulations zygapophysaires et chez des personnes a IMC eleve.
Patient Satisfaction with Virtual Obstetric Care

Introduction The importance of patient satisfaction in US healthcare is increasing, in tandem with the advent of new patient care modalities, including virtual care. The purpose of this study was to compare the satisfaction of obstetric patients who received one-third of their antenatal visits in videoconference (“Virtual-care”) compared to those who received 12–14 face-to-face visits in-clinic with their physician/midwife (“Traditional-care”). Methods We developed a four-domain satisfaction questionnaire; Virtual-care patients were asked additional questions about technology. Using a modified Dillman method, satisfaction surveys were sent to Virtual-care (N = 378) and Traditional-care (N = 795) patients who received obstetric services at our institution between January 2013 and June 2015. Chi-squared tests of association, t-tests, logistic regression, and ANOVA models were used to evaluate differences in satisfaction and self-reported demographics between respondents. Results Overall satisfaction was significantly higher in the Virtual-care cohort (4.76 ± 0.44 vs. 4.47 ± 0.59; p < .001). Parity ≥ 1 was the sole significant demographic variable impacting Virtual-care selection (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5–3.8; p < .001). Satisfaction of Virtual-care respondents was not significantly impacted by the incorporation of videoconferencing, Doppler, and blood pressure monitoring technology into their care. The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency as measured by domain-based correlations and Cronbach’s alpha. Discussion Respondents from both models were highly satisfied with care, but those who had selected the Virtual-care model reported significantly higher mean satisfaction scores. The Virtual-care model was selected by significantly more women who already have children than those experiencing pregnancy for the first time. This model of care may be a reasonable alternative to traditional care.
The Late Quaternary Record of Atmospheric Transport to the Northwest Pacific from Asia

Late Quaternary Asian dust composition and transport to the Pacific was studied in sediments from a north-south transect of piston cores which extends from 25° to 46°N between 140° and 157°E. Principal component factor analysis was used to identify end-member clay mineral assemblages. Three clay mineral assemblages explain 84% of the variance in clay-size fraction sedimentation along the transect. The first end-member is most abundant in sediments from the northern end of the transect and from east Japan. It probably represents clays which have a contribution from andesitic soil dust. The second end-member is most abundant in illite, smectite and quartz and probably represents loess. The final end-member is dominated by illite and is most abundant in sediments from the northern and southern ends of the transect, but it accumulates most rapidly at the latitude of present-day maximum dust accumulation.
The impact of age and gut microbiota on Th17 and Tfh cells in K/BxN autoimmune arthritis.

Age is an important risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which often develops in middle age. However, how age-associated changes in immunity impact RA is poorly understood. Gut microbiota are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of RA, but the effects of microbiota in older subjects remain mostly unknown. We used segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB), a gut commensal species with immunomodulatory effects, and K/BxN mice, a T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic model, to study the effect of age and microbiota on autoimmune arthritis. Comparing young and middle-aged K/BxN T cells of the same TCR specificity allows us to study T cells with an age focus eliminating a key variable: TCR repertoire alteration with age. In addition to joints, we also studied pathological changes in the lung, an important extra-articular RA manifestation. We used flow cytometry to evaluate T follicular helper (Tfh) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells, as they both contribute to autoantibody production, a key disease index in both RA and K/BxN arthritis. Middle-aged K/BxN mice had aggravated arthritis and pathological changes in the lung compared to young mice. Middle-aged mice displayed a strong accumulation of Tfh but not Th17 cells, and had defective Th17 differentiation and low expression of interleukin-23, a critical cytokine for Th17 maintenance. Although a soaring Tfh cell population accompanied by robust germinal center B cell responses were found in middle-aged mice, there was decreased cycling of Tfh cells, and SFB only induced the non-Tfh cells to upregulate Bcl-6, the Tfh master transcription factor, in the young but not the middle-aged group. Finally, the accumulated Tfh cells in middle-aged mice had an effector phenotype (CD62LloCD44hi). Age-dependent Tfh cell accumulation may play a crucial role in the increased autoimmune disease phenotype in middle-age. SFB, a potent stimulus for inducing Tfh differentiation, fails to promote Tfh differentiation in middle-aged K/BxN mice, suggesting that most of the middle-aged Tfh cells with an effector phenotype are Tfh effector memory cells induced at an earlier age. Our results also indicate that exposure to immunomodulatory commensals may allow the young host to develop an overactive immune system reminiscent of that found in the middle-aged host.
High performance fuel electrodes fabricated by electroless plating of copper on BaZr 0.8 Ce 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3-δ proton-conducting ceramic

Abstract The stability of copper at high temperatures in reducing and hydrocarbon-containing atmospheres makes it a good candidate for fabricating fuel electrodes on proton-conducting ceramics, such as BaZr 0.9-x Ce x Y 0.1 O 3-δ (BZCY). In this work, the electrochemical performance of Cu-based electrodes fabricated by electroless plating (ELP) on BaZr 0.8 Ce 0.1 Y 0.1 O 3-δ is studied with impedance spectroscopy. Three activation catalysts (Pd, Ru, and Cu) are investigated and ELP is compared to a commercial Cu paste (ESL 2312-G) for electrode fabrication. The area specific resistances (ASR) for Pd, Ru, and Cu activations at 700 °C in moist 5% H 2 in Ar are 2.1, 3.2, and 13.4 Ω cm 2 , respectively. That is a 1–2 orders of magnitude improvement over the commercial Cu paste (192 Ω cm 2 ). Furthermore, the ASR has contributions from electrode processes and charge transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Additionally, the morphology of the as-fabricated electrode is unaffected by the activation catalyst. However, heat treatment at 750 °C in H 2 for 24 h leads to sintering and large reorganization of the electrode fabricated with Cu activation (micron sized pores seen in the tested sample), while Pd and Ru activations are immune to such reorganization. Thus, Pd and Ru are identified as candidates for future work with improvements to charge transfer required for the former, and better electrode processes required for the latter.
Weldability of an iron meteorite by Friction Stir Spot Welding: A contribution to in-space manufacturing

Abstract Friction Stir Welding has been proposed as an efficient and appropriate method for in space welding. It has the potential to serve as a viable option for assembling large scale space structures. These large structures will require the use of natural in space materials such as those available from iron meteorites. Impurities present in most iron meteorites limit its ability to be welded by other space welding techniques such as electron beam laser welding. This study investigates the ability to weld pieces of in situ Campo del Cielo meteorites by Friction Stir Spot Welding. Due to the rarity of the material, low carbon steel was used as a model material to determine welding parameters. Welded samples of low carbon steel, invar, and Campo del Cielo meteorite were compared and found to behave in similar ways. This study shows that meteorites can be Friction Stir Spot Welded and that they exhibit properties analogous to that of FSSW low carbon steel welds. Thus, iron meteorites can be regarded as another viable option for in-space or Martian construction.
Phase Behavior of Pyrene and Vinyl Polymers with Aromatic Side Groups

The phase behavior and thermodynamic properties of mixtures of pyrene and model vinyl polymers with and without aromatic side groups are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The melting temperature and associated heat of melting of the pyrene crystals in the mixtures are utilized to extract the effective interaction parameters χ and the composition of polymer-rich phases, respectively. The χ of pyrene mixed with polymers with aromatic side groups investigated in this study, polystyrene, poly(2-vinylpyridine), and poly(3-vinylanisole), is less than 0.5 at the melting point of the pyrene crystals, suggesting that pyrene and the polymers with aromatic sides groups are enthalpically compatible, likely due to aromatic π–π interactions. In contrast, the χ of pyrene mixed with poly(1,4-isoprene) or poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) is larger than 0.5. The DSC measurements also enable characterization of the composition of polymer-rich phases. Interestingly, the polymers with aromat...
The DTSA and the New Secrecy Ecology

The Defend Trade Secrets Act (“DTSA”), which passed in May 2016, amends the Economic Espionage Act (“EEA”), a 1996 federal statute that criminalizes trade secret misappropriation. The EEA has been amended several times in the past five years to increase penalties for violations and expand the available causes of action, the definition of a trade secret, and the types behaviors that are deemed illegal. The creation of a federal civil cause of action is a further expansion of the secrecy ecology, and the DTSA includes several provisions that broaden the reach of trade secrets and their protection. This article raises questions about the expansive trajectory of trade secret law and its relationship to entrepreneurship, information flow, and job mobility. Lobel argues that an ecosystem that supports innovation must balance secrecy with a culture of openness and exchanges of knowledge. This symposium article is based on Professor Orly Lobel’s keynote presentation at the March 10, 2017 symposium entitles “Implementing and Interpreting the Defend Trade Secrets Act of 2016,” hosted by the University of Missouri School of Law’s Center for Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship and the School’s Inaugural Issue of the Business, Entrepreneurship & Tax Law Review.
Quantifying Magnitude of Group-Level Differences in Patient Experiences with Health Care.

Author(s): Quigley, Denise D; Elliott, Marc N; Setodji, Claude Messan; Hays, Ron D | Abstract: OBJECTIVE:Review approaches assessing magnitude of differences in patient experience scores between different providers. DATA SOURCES:1990-2016 literature. STUDY DESIGN:Systematic literature review. DATA EXTRACTION METHODS:Of 812 articles mentioning "CAHPS," "patient experience," "patient satisfaction," "important(ce)," "difference," or "significance," we identified 79 possible articles, yielding 35 for data abstraction. We included 22 articles measuring magnitude of differences in patient experiences. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We identified three main ways of estimating magnitude of differences in patient experience scores: (1) by distribution/range of patient experience variable, (2) against external anchor, and (3) comparing a difference in patient experience on one covariate to differences in patient experience on other covariates. CONCLUSIONS:We suggest routine estimation of magnitude in patient experience research. More work is needed documenting magnitude of differences between providers to make patient experience data more interpretable and usable.
Structure conditioned velocity statistics in a high pressure swirl flame

Abstract A piloted, partially premixed, liquid-fueled swirl burner is operated at high pressure (1 MPa). High-speed (6 KHz) stereoscopic PIV is used to investigate the characteristics of the stagnation line separating the pilot jet and the central recirculation zone (CRZ) with varying pilot-main ratio and global equivalence ratio. The mean curvature of the stagnation line displayed a large spatial scale pattern that was present for all operating conditions. All three components of velocity, in-plane shear, and swirling strength are conditioned upon the instantaneous stagnation line. Mean distributions of the velocity normal to the stagnation line show that velocity is oriented towards the CRZ when the stagnation line is found nearer the centerline of the combustor. The conditioned out-of-plane velocity (w) shows a distinct concentration of large mean and fluctuation RMS values towards the center of the measurement domain. Varying fuel flow does not significantly change this spatial structure, only the magnitudes of the w statistics. The in-plane shear stress was the largest for the pilot biased condition as a stronger shear layer develops. For the leanest flame, large fluctuation RMS values of shear stress were confined to a region where the pilot jet begins to interact more heavily with the main jet. Operating with less pilot fuel flow enhanced the mean conditional swirling strength indicating that the pilot shear layer was shedding more intense eddies. Disregarding spatial relations, a scatter plot of w, shear stress, and swirling strength displayed trends between the variables. The largest swirling strength values coincide with highest magnitude shear stresses and the widest range of w. These conditioned statistics highlight how certain aspects of the combustor flow field are invariant with fuel distribution. This is desirable for aeropropulsive combustors that must maintain stable ignition from a range of conditions from landing/take-off to cruise.