cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Designing Virtual Network Functions for 100 GbE Network Using Multicore Processors

Network function virtualization (NFV) introduces great flexibility in designing software-based network appliances to reduce cost and accelerate service deployment for network operators. However, with the fast development of high speed network of 100 GbE and beyond, how to efficiently design virtual network functions (VNF) on commodity servers has become a challenging problem. Although the advances in network hardware and software have facilitated the design of high speed network applications with hardware acceleration and kernel/driver optimization, how to leverage the existing techniques to design optimized high-performance VNFs still remains vague. In this study, we focus on the design and evaluation of four widely used VNFs covering the domains of network switching/routing, access control, measurement and security, by using a multicore platform supported by Intel DPDK fast packet I/O library. We describe the versatile network packet receiving and processing design options available for implementing such a programmable NFV platform for 100 Gbps network speed. With extensive experiments, we evaluate the performance of the each VNF and its design options in terms of packet drop rate, processing time per packet and delay per packet. Based on the evaluation over the collected data, we propose the optimal design with the given hardware resources to sustain the line rate while achieving the highest level of programmability.
Maternal Lifetime Stress and Prenatal Psychological Functioning and Decreased Placental Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in the PRISM Study

Psychosocial stress contributes to placental oxidative stress. Mitochondria are vulnerable to oxidative stress, which can lead to changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). We examined associations of maternal lifetime stress, current negative life events, and depressive and posttraumatic-stress-disorder symptom scores with placental mtDNAcn in a racially/ethnically diverse sample (n = 147) from the Programming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM) study (Massachusetts, March 2011 to August 2012). In linear regression analyses adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, prenatal fine particulate matter exposure, prenatal smoking exposure, and the sex of the child, all measures of stress were associated with decreased placental mtDNAcn (all P values < 0.05). Weighted-quantile-sum (WQS) regression showed that higher lifetime stress and depressive symptoms accounted for most of the effect on mtDNAcn (WQS weights: 0.25 and 0.39, respectively). However, among white individuals, increased lifetime stress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms explained the majority of the effect (WQS weights: 0.20 and 0.62, respectively) while among nonwhite individuals, lifetime stress and depressive symptoms accounted for most of the effect (WQS weights: 0.27 and 0.55, respectively). These analyses are first to link increased maternal psychosocial stress with reduced placental mtDNAcn and add to literature documenting racial/ethnic differences in the psychological sequelae of chronic stress that may contribute to maternal-fetal health.
Adopting DDS to Smart Grids: Towards Reliable Data Communication

The rapid growth of technologies in smart grid (SG) enables reliable data communication. SG involves many sub-domains each of which involves various types of components and devices which require significant data communication in an efficient manner. Thus, a key success factor for SG lies in reliable data exchange between components and domains. Data Distribution Service (DDS) is a standard for data-centric communication based on a publish-subscribe protocol for distributed applications. DDS enables reliable data communication supported by various features such as quality-of-service (QoS). In this paper, we describe the potential of DDS for SG for reliable and efficient data communication. We first give an overview of DDS and discuss its benefits for SG. We then describe communication requirements and constraints in SG. Finally, we discuss how DDS can be tailored to SG with respect to the requirements and constraints.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Associated with Combined JP-HHT Syndrome: A Novel Phenotype Associated with a Novel Variant in SMAD4.

Juvenile polyposis (JP) syndrome is characterized by multiple hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a vascular dysplasia characterized by telangiectasia in the skin, mucous membranes, and arteriovenous malformations in other organs. Individuals with JP-HHT syndrome have variable features of both rare disorders, attributed to heterozygous mutations in the SMAD4 gene. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a severe, chronic disease marked by arthritis and systemic inflammation for which the cause remains unknown. JIA has never been described in association with SMAD4 -related disease. We describe a case of JP-HHT syndrome with a novel SMAD4 variant, c.1052A > T (p.D351V), in which the child also had JIA manifestation.
Land Assembly without Eminent Domain: Laboratory Experiments of Two Tax Mechanisms

We use laboratory experiments to test the ability of two tax mechanisms to discourage seller holdout and facilitate land assembly. In one mechanism (“revealed assessment”), if a seller rejects a developer’s offer, then the property value is reassessed to be equal to the rejected offer and the taxes increase. In the second mechanism (“declared assessment”), a seller must declare a price at which he or she is willing to sell the property. The incentive to overstate the value is mitigated by using the declared price to assess a property tax. The incentive to understate the value is mitigated by allowing developers to buy the property at the declared price. We find that revealed assessment discourages the magnitude of seller holdout but not its frequency. Declared assessment has no effect on the magnitude of seller holdout but increases its frequency. Nevertheless, both tax mechanisms increase the rate of successful land assembly by more than 50 percent. Revealed assessment increases the gains from trade by 22.1 percent relative to the control treatment, but the difference is not statistically significant. Declared assessment increases the gains from trade by 124 percent, and the difference is highly statistically significant.
Observed Length Increases of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods are Lower Than Programmed.

Background:Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) are increasingly used in the treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS). Few studies have reported whether desired lengthening can reliably be achieved, or if prior spine instrumentation and large tissue depths affect lengthening. In this clinica
Bodily changes and performance effects in a transitioning transgender college athlete

National Collegiate Athletic Association regulations stipulate that once collegiate transgender male athletes begin taking hormones, they no longer can compete on a women’s team and can only comple...
Shade trees and tree wardens : Revising the history of urban forestry

The contributions that urban forestry has made to society have been increasing over the past two decades. The profession has its origins, as does forestry and other natural resource professions, in the first conservation era of the late 1 BOOs. Tree warden laws are some of the earliest and most important urban forestry laws passed by state legislatures. The importance of public shade trees was recognized by amateur forestry activists, and public sentimentality for shade trees was used strategically by these activists as a forest policy persuasion tool.
What Do We Learn from Network-Based Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Data?

Network based analyses are commonly used as powerful tools to interpret the findings of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in a functional context. In particular, identification of disease-associated functional modules, i.e., highly connected protein-protein interaction (PPI) subnetworks with high aggregate disease association, are shown to be promising in uncovering the functional relationships among genes and proteins associated with diseases. An important issue in this regard is the scoring of subnetworks by integrating two quantities that are not readily compatible: disease association of individual gene products and network connectivity among proteins. Current scoring schemes either disregard the level of connectivity and focus on the aggregate disease association of connected proteins or use a linear combination of these two quantities. However, such scoring schemes may produce arbitrarily large subnetworks which are often not statistically significant, or require tuning of parameters that are used to weigh the contributions of network connectivity and disease association. Here, we propose a parameter-free scoring scheme that aims to score subnetworks by assessing the disease association of pairwise interactions and incorporating the statistical significance of network connectivity and disease association. We test the proposed scoring scheme on a GWAS dataset for type II diabetes (T2D). Our results suggest that subnetworks identified by commonly used methods may fail tests of statistical significance after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. In contrast, the proposed scoring scheme yields highly significant subnetworks, which contain biologically relevant proteins that cannot be identified by analysis of genome-wide association data alone.
Distributed deep reinforcement learning on the cloud for autonomous driving

This paper proposes an architecture for leveraging cloud computing technology to reduce training time for deep reinforcement learning models for autonomous driving by distributing the training process across a pool of virtual machines. By parallelizing the training process, careful design of the reward function and use of techniques like transfer learning, we demonstrate a decrease in training time for our example autonomous driving problem from 140 hours to less than 1 hour. We go over our network architecture, job distribution paradigm, reward function design and report results from experiments on small sized cluster (1--6 training nodes) of machines. We also discuss the limitations of our approach when trying to scale up to massive clusters.
On constant sum partitions and applications to distance magic-type graphs

Let G be an additive abelian group of order n and let n=a1+a2+...+ap be a partition of n where 1≤a1≤a2≤⋯≤ap. A constant sum partition (or t-sum partition) of G is a pairwise disjoint union of subse...
A “Food as Medicine” Program and It's Effects on Healthy Eating and Cooking Confidence (P04-021-19)

The aims of this study were to develop and implement a “Food as Medicine” intervention using quantitative methods supported by health literacy and food choice and behavioral models to target chronic diseases under free-living conditions in adults diagnosed with chronic diseases. The hypothesis of this study is that “Food as Medicine” nutrition and lifestyle intervention sessions will result in significant improvements in food choices, as well as shopping and cooking behaviors. The Food as Medicine (FAM) study is a community-based pilot study that measured the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention to improve chronic disease risk factors and outcomes among African Americans with either pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, elevated total blood cholesterol levels, obesity or a combination of these disorders. The study enrolled patients who were attending both Howard University Family Medicine and Internal Medicine Practices, and were residents of wards seven or eight in the District of Columbia. Fifty-four participants were enrolled and assigned to five cohorts, which consisted of five group sessions over three months, and focused on improving diet and health literacy through nutritionist-led, culturally-tailored, nutrition education classes that included health literacy, mindfulness exercises, and cooking demonstrations. After program completion, FAM participants demonstrated significant improvements in all outcome measures of interest: healthy dietary patterns (P < .001), healthful eating (P = .002), positive changes in dietary choices (P < .001), cooking confidence (P < .001), reduction of cooking barriers (P < .001), and healthy food preparation (P < .001). Participants also increased the number of times in one week that they cooked dinner at home (P < .001). This study demonstrated the positive impacts of including health literacy, mindfulness exercises, and cooking demonstrations in a nutrition education program. The outcomes of this study can be used to inform and improve future community intervention studies within the areas of chronic disease in low income and minority populations. Funding for this study was received from the Ardmore Institute of Health.
Genetic Variation and Response to Neurocritical Illness: a Powerful Approach to Identify Novel Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Disease-specific therapeutic options for critically ill neurological patients are limited. The identification of new preventive, therapeutic, and rehabilitation strategies is of the utmost importance in the field of neurocritical care research. Population genetics offers powerful tools to identify and prioritize biological pathways to be targeted by novel interventions. New treatments with supportive genetic evidence have twice the chances of obtaining final FDA approval compared to those without this support. Large collaborations, public access to data, reproducible science, and innovative analytical methods have exponentially increased the pace of discoveries related to neurocritical care genetics.
Restoring the Sense of Touch Using a Sensorimotor Demultiplexing Neural Interface

Paralyzed muscles can be reanimated following spinal cord injury (SCI) using a brain-computer interface (BCI) to enhance motor function alone. Importantly, the sense of touch is a key component of motor function. Here, we demonstrate that a human participant with a clinically complete SCI can use a BCI to simultaneously reanimate both motor function and the sense of touch, leveraging residual touch signaling from his own hand. In the primary motor cortex (M1), residual subperceptual hand touch signals are simultaneously demultiplexed from ongoing efferent motor intention, enabling intracortically controlled closed-loop sensory feedback. Using the closed-loop demultiplexing BCI almost fully restored the ability to detect object touch and significantly improved several sensorimotor functions. Afferent grip-intensity levels are also decoded from M1, enabling grip reanimation regulated by touch signaling. These results demonstrate that subperceptual neural signals can be decoded from the cortex and transformed into conscious perception, significantly augmenting function.
Individualized Anatomy-Based Targeting for VIM-cZI DBS in Essential Tremor.

Background Deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) or caudal zona incerta (cZI) is effective for refractory essential tremor (ET). To refine stereotactic planning for lead placement, we developed a unique individualized anatomy-based planning protocol that targets both the VIM and the cZI in patients with ET. Methods 33 patients with ET underwent VIM-cZI lead implantation with targeting based on our protocol. Indirect targeting was adjusted based on anatomic landmarks as reference lines bisecting the red nuclei and ipsilateral subthalamus. Outcomes were evaluated through the follow-up of 31.1 ± 18.4 months. Active contact coordinates were obtained from reconstructed electrodes in the Montreal Neurological Institute space using the MATLAB Lead-DBS toolbox. Results Mean tremor improvement was 79.7% ± 22.4% and remained stable throughout the follow-up period. Active contacts at last postoperative visit had mean Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates of 15.5 ± 1.6 mm lateral to the intercommissural line, 15.3 ± 1.8 mm posterior to the anterior commissure, and 1.4 ± 2.9 mm below the intercommissural plane. No hemorrhagic complications were observed in the analyzed group. Conclusions Individualized anatomy-based VIM-cZI targeting is feasible and safe and is associated with favorable tremor outcomes.
Time for Caring Democracy: Resisting the Temporal Regimes of Neoliberalism

This chapter develops the implications of dyssynchronous temporal regimes for cultivating caring democracy (Tronto, Caring Democracy: Markets, Equality and Justice, New York University Press, 2013). Sheldon Wolin (1997, Theory and Event 1(1), Project MUSE) suggested that, the slow deliberation democracy requires, is at odds with the acceleration of neoliberal culture and economy; the chapter suggests that care work is similarly dyssynchronous. Drawing from the case of ‘educational innovation,’ the author outlines the distributive as well as the constitutive consequences of neoliberal time for practices of care and deliberation, for care workers and citizen-subjects. Despite a shared culture of accelerated time, the implications for citizen-subjects are far from uniform. Neoliberal time sustains the privileged irresponsibility of some and becomes a defense for disciplining the timeliness and responsiveness of others. An important part of this work is accomplished through ‘educational innovations’ committed to standardization and assessment that ‘synchronize’ educational time with productive time thus implicitly and sometimes explicitly undermining the value of education as a caring practice.
Fluid forces and torques in suspensions of oblate cylinders with aspect ratio 1:4

Abstract Fluid forces and torques in a random stationary suspension of oblate cylinder-like particles of AR0.25 are investigated in the Reynolds number range 10 ≤ Re ≤ 300 and solid fraction range 0.1 ≤ φ ≤ 0.3 using Particle Resolved Simulations with the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM). While existing correlations were found to grossly under predict the drag forces, a sinusoidal function F d , θ = F d , θ = 0 ∘ + ( F d , θ = 90 ∘ − F d , θ = 0 ∘ ) sin ( θ ) captured the variation of normalized drag with respect to inclination angle over the range 10 ≤ Re ≤ 300 and 0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.3. Further the mean ensemble drag followed F d = F d , θ = 0 ∘ + 1 2 ( F d , θ = 90 ∘ − F d , θ = 0 ∘ ) . Lift forces varied between 20% and 80% of drag forces over the range of Reynolds numbers studied. Comparing the pitching fluid torque to collision torque in an elastic collision showed that as the particle equivalent diameter, density, and collision velocity decrease, fluid torque can be of the same order of magnitude as collisional torque and cannot be neglected.
A data-driven framework for consistent financial valuation and risk measurement

Abstract In this paper, we propose a general data-driven framework that unifies the valuation and risk measurement of financial derivatives, which is especially useful in markets with thinly-traded derivatives. We first extract the empirical characteristic function from market-observable time series for the underlying asset prices, and then utilize Fourier techniques to obtain the physical nonparametric density and cumulative distribution function for the log-returns process, based on which we compute risk measures. Then we risk-neutralize the nonparametric density and distribution functions to model-independently valuate a variety of financial derivatives, including path-independent European options and path-dependent exotic contracts. By estimating the state-price density explicitly, and utilizing a convenient basis representation, we are able to greatly simplify the pricing of exotic options all within a consistent model-free framework. Numerical examples, and an empirical example using real market data (Brent crude oil prices) illustrate the accuracy and versatility of the proposed method in handling pricing and risk management of multiple financial contracts based solely on observable time series data.
Revolutions in world history

This broad comparative survey focuses on five big case studies, starting with the English Revolution in the seventeenth century, and going on to the Mexican, Russian, Vietnamese and Iranian Revolutions. Revolutions in World History traces the origins, developments, and outcomes of these revolutions, providing an understanding of the revolutionary tradition in a global context. Questions about motivations and ideologies are raised as well as about the effectiveness of these revolutions
Deep Learning Generalization and the Convex Hull of Training Sets.

We study the generalization of deep learning models in relation to the convex hull of their training sets. A trained image classifier basically partitions its domain via decision boundaries and assigns a class to each of those partitions. The location of decision boundaries inside the convex hull of training set can be investigated in relation to the training samples. However, our analysis shows that in standard image classification datasets, all testing images are considerably outside that convex hull, in the pixel space, in the wavelet space, and in the internal representations learned by deep networks. Therefore, the performance of a trained model partially depends on how its decision boundaries are extended outside the convex hull of its training data. From this perspective which is not studied before, over-parameterization of deep learning models may be considered a necessity for shaping the extension of decision boundaries. At the same time, over-parameterization should be accompanied by a specific training regime, in order to yield a model that not only fits the training set, but also its decision boundaries extend desirably outside the convex hull. To illustrate this, we investigate the decision boundaries of a neural network, with various degrees of parameters, inside and outside the convex hull of its training set. Moreover, we use a polynomial decision boundary to study the necessity of over-parameterization and the influence of training regime in shaping its extensions outside the convex hull of training set.
Price Insurance Aspects of Monetary Union

Omitted from traditional optimal currency area criteria, price effects are important because regional monetary union protects from pricing risks and contributes to greater uniformity and efficiency in price-setting. Among member countries it reduces price dispersion in tradeables in part by irrevocably fixing the internal exchange rate and in part by facilitating arbitrage. The larger integrated market of the euro area also encourages outside producers to engage in more ‘pricing to market’ within it. With inflation differentials in tradeables reduced throughout the euro area, systematic national inflation differentials are likely to be limited to those attributable to productivity differentials that cause differences in the inflation rate of non-tradeables.
Physik im Exil

Max Dresden betrat den uberfullten Seminarraum. Alle Augen waren auf ihn gerichtet, als er allein seinen Platz vor der Tafel einnahm. Dresden war Physiker an der University of Kansas und hatte sich bereit erklart, 1952 bei seinem Besuch am Princeton Institute for Advanced Study uber die faszinierenden neuen Arbeiten von David Bohm zu berichten. Dresden wollte auch unbedingt wissen, was seine Zuhorer uber Bohms Arbeiten dachten: Das „Princetitute“ war das Zuhause einiger der klugsten Kopfe der Physik, inklusive Einstein selbst – doch als Dresden sich im Raum umsah, war Einsteins ungebandigtes weises Haar nirgends zu sehen.
Assessment of the Impedance Bandwith of a Proximity-Coupled Microstrip Patch Antenna

This article proposes a new strategy to design and estimate the impedance bandwidth of a two-layer and single-material PC-MSPA through a math close form. The simulated and experimental results present good agreement with the bandwidth model presented. The proposed analytical enable the evaluation of a proximity-coupled microstrip patch antenna (PC-MSPA) bandwidth that allows developing a framework for more effective designs.
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of the adult mouse spinal cord reveals molecular diversity of autonomic and skeletal motor neurons.

The spinal cord is a fascinating structure that is responsible for coordinating movement in vertebrates. Spinal motor neurons control muscle activity by transmitting signals from the spinal cord to diverse peripheral targets. In this study, we profiled 43,890 single-nucleus transcriptomes from the adult mouse spinal cord using fluorescence-activated nuclei sorting to enrich for motor neuron nuclei. We identified 16 sympathetic motor neuron clusters, which are distinguishable by spatial localization and expression of neuromodulatory signaling genes. We found surprising skeletal motor neuron heterogeneity in the adult spinal cord, including transcriptional differences that correlate with electrophysiologically and spatially distinct motor pools. We also provide evidence for a novel transcriptional subpopulation of skeletal motor neuron (γ*). Collectively, these data provide a single-cell transcriptional atlas ( http://spinalcordatlas.org ) for investigating the organizing molecular logic of adult motor neuron diversity, as well as the cellular and molecular basis of motor neuron function in health and disease. Blum et al. performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the adult mouse spinal cord. This analysis revealed heterogeneity in the autonomic and skeletal motor systems and provides a resource to study motor neurons in health and disease.
A retrospective study of adverse effects of mycophenolate mofetil administration to dogs with immune-mediated disease.

Background Information regarding adverse events (AEs) of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is limited. Objectives To evaluate the types and frequency of potential AEs of MMF in dogs with immune-mediated disease. Animals One hundred thirty-one dogs treated with MMF for management of suspected immune-mediated disease. Methods Retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed to find and group suspect AEs in gastrointestinal (GI), hematologic, and other categories. Age, dosage, body weight, and sex were analyzed between dogs with and without AEs by using the Mann-Whitney U-test and chi-squared test. Results The median starting dosage of MMF was 17.5 mg/kg/day (interquartile range [IQR] = 15.1-20.6 mg/kg/day) and the median treatment duration was 56 days (IQR = 14-236 days). Mycophenolate mofetil was prescribed for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (n = 31), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (n = 31), pemphigus foliaceus (n = 15), immune-mediated polyarthritis (n = 12), and others (n = 42). Overall, potential AEs of MMF were observed in 34 of 131 dogs (GI 24.4% [31/127], neutropenia 4% [3/76], anemia 4% [1/25], thrombocytopenia 4.0% [1/25], and dermatologic 1.5% [2/131]). There were no significant differences among dogs with (n = 37) or without potential AEs (n = 94) in regards to sex, age, body weight, or dosage of MMF (P = .06, .13, .24, and .26, respectively). Conclusions and clinical importance In the dogs administered MMF, GI AEs were most common. Since potential hematologic and dermatologic AEs developed in a few dogs, clinicians should be aware of these when prescribing MMF to dogs with immune-mediated disease.
Rate of fracture among women undergoing treatment for gynecologic malignancies

Objectives: Women undergoing treatment for gynecologic malignancies have multiple risk factors for developing fractures, including surgically-induced menopause, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The incidence of fracture among women treated for gynecologic cancers is estimated to be as high as 20%, however there is limited data regarding the rate of and risk factors for fracture in this population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of fracture and characteristics of patients with fracture among women undergoing treatment for gynecologic malignancies. Methods: This was a single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients who received surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and/or radiation for the treatment of cervical, uterine, and/or vulvar cancer between January 2012 and December 2014. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, cancer therapies, and risk factors for fracture were manually extracted from patients’ medical records. Results: Of the 469 women included in the analysis, most (93.8%) were White or African American (3.6%), with a mean age of 58.2 (SD=13.7) years at the time of cancer diagnosis. The mean BMI was 34.8 (SD=9.8) kg/m2. Most (70.4%) patients were menopausal prior to cancer treatment and 16.4% underwent surgically-induced menopause. The majority (69.7%) of patients had a diagnosis of uterine cancer, followed by cervical cancer (16.8%) and vulvar cancer (8.5%). One third (33.7, n=158) received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy and 28.4% (n=133) underwent adjuvant radiation. The mean pre- and post-treatment risk of major osteoporotic fracture by FRAX score was 6.9% (SD=5.7) and 8.5% (SD=6.5). Only 20 patients (4.3%) had a DXA scan performed prior to cancer treatment. The proportion of post-treatment fracture within the first two years following treatment was 3.6% (n=17). Of these, most (88.2%, n=15) were diagnosed by x-ray (n=9, 54.8%), followed by MRI (n=4, 23.5%) and CT (n=2, 11.8%). Patients with post-treatment fractures tended to be older at time of treatment (61.9 vs 57.6 years), current tobacco users (47.1% vs 14.1%), and postmenopausal prior to cancer therapy (100% vs 69.7%). Patients with post-treatment fractures also tended to have one or more comorbidity (100% vs 89.4%), have cervical cancer (41.2% vs 15.9%), and to have undergone radiation treatment (64.7% vs 27.4%) as well as chemotherapy treatment (70.6% vs 32.7%). Download : Download high-res image (274KB) Download : Download full-size image Conclusions: Our findings indicate the rate of fracture in the first two years following treatment for gynecologic malignancies is approximately 3.6%. Few women undergo bone mineral density screening prior to cancer treatment. Women with cervical cancer who are postmenopausal with multiple co-morbidities prior to treatment who receive chemotherapy and/or radiation are at higher risk. The mean post-treatment FRAX of 8.5% suggests that many patients may benefit from bone mineral density testing and risk stratification for osteoporosis following cancer therapy.
Government and Private Efforts to Incentivize Rural Practice

Many programs exist to help with the start-up and operation costs of a rural dermatology practice. These can come in both monetary and non-monetary forms. Both local and federal governments have an interest in incentivizing specialists to practice in underserved areas. The United States Department of Agriculture has made available monetary incentives including the Rural Business Development Grants Program and the Business & Industry Guaranteed Loan Program. Clinics qualifying as Rural Health Clinics may be reimbursed by Medicare at higher rates. The Delta Regional Authority provides technical assistance to rural clinics and will even provide J-1 visa waivers for foreign physicians who practice in qualifying rural areas. Though private interest incentives may not seem as readily available, there are creative solutions taken by rural medical centers to recruit specialists that are readily reproducible.
Stedall, Robert, Elizabeth I’s Secret Lover: The Royal Affair with Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester: New York: Pegasus Books, 341pp., $28.95, ISBN 978-1-64313472-7, Publication Date: July 2020

Queen Elizabeth I’s forty-four-year reign and her role in shaping England into a formidable force in European and world politics have made her into a larger-than-life persona whose very name define...
Migration, territoriality, and culture

Rights to territory and rights to immigration are usefully theorized together. Our starting point is a Lockean analysis of the moral foundations of territoriality offered by John Simmons. Crucially, this Lockean account makes the legitimacy of a state's claim to its territory dependent on a prior claim to land that individuals may have. However, we will see that this account needs to be amended to give appropriate expression to the view that the earth is common property of humankind, which is central to the Lockean account of ownership. In this way, Locke's thought leads us to notions of over- and under-use of collectively owned resources that might help us understand the moral nature of immigration. However, once we have developed this Lockean account to that point, we will leave it behind to develop our main conclusions in a manner that does not depend on a specifically Lockean account. We will embark on a systematic discussion on the notion of collective ownership and explore various ways of thinking about it, and then derive accounts of immigration and territoriality. In doing so, we will be able to offer more precise accounts of the ideas of over- and under-use of resources, so as to introduce the possibility of resource-based constraints on immigration policy. The account that will emerge in this way will be quite different from Simmons, but in line with the revisions of the Lockean account that we will suggest. We will proceed to use this territorial account as a means of criticizing one pattern of argument frequently invoked to legitimate the state's right to constrain immigration: the survival and preservation of culture. We will conclude with some final reflections on the right to culture more generally, understood here as a right to select immigrants based upon their cultural membership and identity.
Purification of DNA Polymerase II, a Distinct DNA Polymerase, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast DNA polymerases I and III have been well characterized physically, biochemically, genetically and immunologically. DNA polymerase II is present in very small amounts, and only partially purified preparations have been available for characterization, making comparison with DNA polymerases I and III difficult. Recently, we have shown that DNA polymerases II and III are genetically distinct (Sitney et al., 1989). In this work, we show that polymerase II is also genetically distinct from polymerase I, since polymerase II can be purified in equal amounts from wild-type and mutant strains completely lacking DNA polymerase I activity. Thus, yeast contains three major nuclear DNA polymerases. The core catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase II was purified to near homogeneity using a reconstitution assay. Two factors that stimulate the core polymerase were identified and used to monitor activity during purification and analysis. The predominant species of the most highly purified preparation of polymerase II is 132,000 Da. However, polymerase activity gels suggest that the 132,000-Da form of DNA polymerase II is probably an active proteolytic fragment derived from a 170,000-Da protein. The highly purified polymerase fractions contain a 3'----5'-exonuclease activity that purifies at a constant ratio with polymerase during the final two purification steps. However, DNA polymerase II does not copurify with a DNA primase activity.
An Account of a Teacher's Perspective on Learning and Teaching Mathematics: Implications for Teacher Development.

This report presents an account of one teacher's mathematics teaching and a perspective that underlies his teaching. Nevil was a fifth grade teacher participating incurrent mathematics education reforms in the United States. Through the account, we make distinctions about teachers' thinking and practice that can inform teacher education efforts. We constructed an account by analyzing four sets of classroom observations and interviews. We observed that Nevil decomposed his understandings of the mathematics into smaller components and connections among those components. He created situations that he believed made those components and connections transparent and attempted to elicit those connections from the students. This account illustrates a practice that is different both from traditional practice and the type of practice that we would envision as a goal for teacher development. We contribute two important aspects of mathematics teacher development from traditional to reform-oriented teaching. In particular, we describe teachers' perspectives – assimilatory structures that constrain and afford (a) the sense they make of professional development opportunities and (b) their potential learning in teacher education settings.
Developing and enhancing a client/server programming for internet applications course

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and enhancement of a Client/Server (C/S) programming for Internet applications course in Computer Science (CS) curriculum. If a CS program has used Java as the first programming language and the program does not have enough resources to support the C/S course development with proprietary environments, it will bring an issue: how can we develop and enhance the C/S programming for Internet applications course? We develop the course by integrating multi-tier architecture, Web technologies, Java technologies, and open source software into the teaching material of the course. Also, the instructor provides the students various laboratory settings, which is called an Active Learning Environment in Computing (ALEC), to enhance the course through the strong hands-on practices of the students.Our approaches for developing and enhancing the C/S programming for Internet applications course can bring several benefits to students, instructor, and the institution. First, the students can smoothly understand the course materials without having the sharp learning curve when studying the Java-related technologies such as JavaScript, JSP, JavaBean, and JDBC if Java is used as the first programming language in the institution of the students. Second, by using the system administration lab, the students can have strong hands-on practices by building their client/server computing environments for themselves. These practices can help the instructors to teach multi-tier architectures and other C/S computing models. Third, by using open source software, the institution can minimize the cost of the computing environment for the course. In addition, if the institution has been predominantly exposed to Windows environment, the open source software can bring another diversity in software to the institution.
Tuberculin sensitivity in children infected with mycobacterium balnei.

Of 56 children infected with Mycobacterium balnei, 48 had a positive intradermal tuberculin reaction to 0.1 mg of old tuberculin 18 months or more after the appearance of skin lesions. A tuberculin prepared from a strain of Myco. balnei also produced positive skin reactions in these children. The reactions to Myco. balnei tuberculin were not significantly different from those produced by the corresponding old tuberculin.
Investigation of interfacial shear strength in SiC/Si3N4 composites

A fiber push-out technique was used to determine fiber/matrix interfacial shear strength (ISS) for silicon carbide fiber reinforced reaction-bonded silicon nitride (SiC/RBSN) composites in the as-fabricated condition and after consolidation by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). In situ video microscopy and acoustic emission detection greatly aided the interpretation of push-out load/displacement curves.
Texts, topoi and the self: a reading of Alfredian spirituality*

Challenging the allegation that Alfred's spirituality as Asser presents it is no more than a string of textual fictions, this article outlines a context for understanding Alfred's spirituality as a functional process of living texts, or of ‘textualizing’ the self. The discussion first draws support for this view from the history of early medieval spirituality and then demonstrates the theme's relevance both to Asser's representation of Alfred and to the king's own writings. Attention is given especially to the congruence between Alfred's depiction in the Life and Gregory the Great's teachings on the ideal rector as propounded in the Pastoral Care, a text carefully read and famously translated by Alfred himself. The comparison suggests that the main spiritual models for Alfred's kingly piety may be understood to reside in, and to involve assimilation of, this work of Gregory, making it possible to conceptualize the king's self-presentation in terms of a conscious project to ‘live’ Gregory's text by bringing the ideals of the Gregorian rector to life in his own person. Such an argument helps to explain Alfred's interest in Gregory, to account for his concern to translate the Pastoral Care, and to legitimize the predominant images associated with the king's spirituality as indicative of a kind of functional piety grounded in the reading of texts, rather than simply reflected, perhaps falsely, in Asser’s Life.
Adolescent deviant behavior : Multiple contingency table analyses of overlap between behaviors

ABSTRACT This was a study of 1,093 adolescents from six public high schools designed to test a deviance syndrome perspective by examining how much overlap there is between certain deviant behaviors, and by investigating whether the same theoretical elements account for variance in those behaviors. A log-linear analysis of suicide attempts, alcohol use, use of marijuana, and number of sexual partners indicated a significant interaction (or overlap) between the latter three forms of deviant behavior. However, an examination of the configuration of data according to deviant behaviors indicated that the actual numerical overlap was less impressive than the statistical significance or syndrome argument would imply. The present study also provided logistic and OLS regression analyses of many elements of social control theory. Those analyses revealed that few of the theoretical factors were consistent predictors of the various forms of problem behavior. Social work implications of the findings were discussed.
The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors of macaques

Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role in immune responses through direct cytotoxicity and the release of cytokines that prime adaptive immunity. In simian primates, NK cell responses are regulated by interactions between two highly polymorphic sets of molecules: the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands. KIR-MHC class I interactions in humans have been implicated in the outcome of a number viral diseases and cancers. However, studies to address the role of KIRs in animal models have been limited by the complex immunogenetics and lack of defined ligands for KIRs in non-human primates. Due to the rapid evolution of KIRs, there is little conservation among the KIR genes of different primate species and it is not possible to predict the specificity of KIRs from known KIR-MHC class I interactions in humans. Hence, the MHC class I ligands for KIRs in species other than humans are poorly defined. Here, we review the KIR genes of the rhesus macaque, an important animal model for human immunodeficiency virus infection and other infectious diseases, and the MHC class I ligands that have been identified for KIRs in this species.
Adolescent Family Factors Promoting Healthy Adult Functioning: A Longitudinal Community Study

BACKGROUND: Although long-held wisdom and current research suggests that accepting and supportive family relationships may positively influence adult psychosocial functioning, few studies have prospectively investigated these associations. This study examined whether positive family factors during adolescence are associated with healthy adult functioning. METHOD: The 353 participants were part of a single-age cohort whose psychosocial development has been prospectively traced. Two aspects of family functioning - feeling highly valued as a family member and having a family confidant - were measured at age 15. Developmentally-relevant areas of functioning were assessed at age 30. RESULTS: Both positive family factors were predictive of adaptive adult functioning across several domains, including mental health and social/interpersonal functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Findings provide evidence about the salient relationships between positive family relationships and later healthy functioning.
Surface molecules that drive T cell development in vitro in the absence of thymic epithelium and in the absence of lineage-specific signals

Differentiation of immature double positive (DP) CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes into single positive (SP) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is referred to as positive selection and requires physical contact with thymic cortical epithelium. We now have identified "coinducer" molecules on DP thymocytes that, together with TCR, signal DP thymocytes to differentiate into SP T cells in vitro in the absence of thymic epithelium. A remarkable number of different molecules on DP thymocytes possessed "coinducing" activity, including CD2, CD5, CD24, CD28, CD49d, CD81, and TSA-1. Interestingly, in vitro differentiation occurred in the absence of lineage-specific signals, yet resulted in the selective generation of CD4+CD8- T cells. Thus, the present study has identified surface molecules that can signal DP thymocytes to differentiate into SP T cells in the absence of thymic epithelium and has characterized a default pathway for CD4+ T cell differentiation.
Critical Behavior in the Satisfiability of Random Boolean Expressions

Determining the satisfiability of randomly generated Boolean expressions with k variables per clause is a popular test for the performance of search algorithms in artificial intelligence and computer science. It is known that for k = 2, formulas are almost always satisfiable when the ratio of clauses to variables is less than 1; for ratios larger than 1, the formulas are almost never satisfiable. Similar sharp threshold behavior is observed for higher values of k. Finite-size scaling, a method from statistical physics, can be used to characterize size-dependent effects near the threshold. A relationship can be drawn between thresholds and computational complexity.
An Individual-Based Modeling Analysis of Management Strategies for Enhancing Brook Trout Populations in Southern Appalachian Streams

Abstract We used an individual-based model of sympatric rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis to evaluate management strategies for enhancing brook trout densities in southern Appalachian streams. Management strategies examined with 100-year simulations were (1) electrofishing removal of rainbow trout, (2) stocking of brook trout, (3) habitat alteration (changing mean size of pools in the stream), and (4) angler harvest of rainbow trout. Results indicated that realistic levels of electrofishing removal of rainbow trout and stocking of brook trout juveniles could lead to brook trout densities equivalent to those of allopatric populations, but that habitat alteration and angler harvest of rainbow trout would not significantly increase brook trout densities. Electrofishing and stocking results were robust because similar predictions were obtained under conditions that otherwise favored rainbow trout (invasion of rainbow trout adults, frequent year-class failures, reductions ...