cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex-partitioning of the Plasmodium falciparum stage V gametocyte proteome provides insight into falciparum-specific cell biology

One of the critical gaps in malaria transmission biology and surveillance is our lack of knowledge about Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte biology, especially sexual dimorphic development and how sex ratios that may influence transmission from the human to the mosquito. Dissecting this process has been hampered by the lack of sex-specific protein markers for the circulating, mature stage V gametocytes. The current evidence suggests a high degree of conservation in gametocyte gene complement across Plasmodium, and therefore presumably for sex-specific genes as well. To better our understanding of gametocyte development and subsequent infectiousness to mosquitoes, we undertook a Systematic Subtractive Bioinformatic analysis (filtering) approach to identify sex-specific P. falciparum NF54 protein markers based on a comparison with the Dd2 strain, which is defective in producing males, and with syntenic male and female proteins from the reanalyzed and updated P. berghei (related rodent malaria parasite) gametocyte proteomes. This produced a short list of 174 male- and 258 female-enriched P. falciparum stage V proteins, some of which appear to be under strong diversifying selection, suggesting ongoing adaptation to mosquito vector species. We generated antibodies against three putative female-specific gametocyte stage V proteins in P. falciparum and confirmed either conserved sex-specificity or the lack of cross-species sex-partitioning. Finally, our study provides not only an additional resource for mass spectrometry-derived evidence for gametocyte proteins but also lays down the foundation for rational screening and development of novel sex-partitioned protein biomarkers and transmission-blocking vaccine candidates.
Thermal aspects of grinding with CBN wheels

Abstract When grinding with CBN wheels, thermal damage is unlikely at the removal rates normally used in production. This decreased thermal damage with CBN wheels as compared with aluminum oxide wheels is usually attributed to the lower specific energies with CBN. Another contributing factor is the very high thermal conductivity of CBN, which enhances conduction into the grains. This beneficial effect may be offset by the sharpness of the CBN grains, which lowers the area over which conduct ion occurs. This paper presents a model of the thermal aspects of grinding which predicts the critical removal rate at which workpiece burn occurs. The effects of specific grinding energy, grain thermal conductivity, and wear flat area are explored. The model suggests that conduction into the CBN grains has the potential to increase the critical removal rate by a factor of 20 or more.
Communicating carotid-cavernous sinus fistula following minor head trauma

A case of communicating carotid-cavernous sinus fistula (CCF) after minor closed head injury is presented. A 45-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital with the chief complaint of blurred vision and facial numbness. The patient had experienced a minor head injury 1 month ago with loss of consciousness. After a 2-week symptom-free period, he developed scalp and facial numbness, along with headache and vision problems. His vital signs were within normal limits, but on examination the patient was noted to have orbital and carotid bruits with several concerning neurological findings. CT and MRI confirmed the suspicion of carotid-cavernous sinus fistula, which was managed by cerebral angiography with coil embolization of this fistula. The patient was symptom free at the 8-month follow-up. Carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is a rare condition that is usually caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the head, but can develop spontaneously in about one fourth of patients with CCF. The connection between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus leads to increased pressure in the cavernous sinus and compression of its contents, and thereby produces the clinical symptoms and signs seen. Diagnosis depends on clinical examination and neuroimaging techniques. The aim of management is to reduce the pressure within the cavernous sinus, which results in gradual resolution of symptoms.
Detoxification of Actual Pretreated Corn Stover Hydrolysate Using Activated Carbon Powder

A technique for the removal of acetic acid from an actual pretreated corn stover hydrolysate was investigated. A powdered form of activated carbon previously shown to be effective in the removal of acetic acid from a synthetic hydrolysate was utilized. The method proved to be effective at lowering acetic acid levels while exhibiting minimal adsorption of the desired sugars from the hydrolysate, although at a lower efficiency in the actual hydrolysate than in the synthetic hydrolysate. Results are obtained for temperatures between 25 and 35°C and agitation rates between 150 and 350 rpm in shake flasks. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic rate data are presented. Temperature differences over this range did not have an effect on adsorption characteristics. Five stages of detoxification were necessary to lower acetic acid concentration to the maximum 2 g/L desired for fermentation.
Chronic exposure to fibrin and fibrinogen differentially regulates intracellular Ca2+ in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells.

Acute pulmonary embolism occurs in more than half a million people a year in the United States. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) develops in ∼4% of these patients due to unreso...
Tactile Hyperacuity Thresholds Correlate with Finger Maps in Primary Somatosensory Cortex (S1)

Behavioral tactile discrimination thresholds were compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging measurements of cortical finger representations within primary somatosensory cortex (S1) for 10 human subjects to determine whether cortical magnification in S1 could account for the variation in tactile hyperacuity thresholds of the fingers. Across 10 subjects, the increase in tactile thresholds from the index finger to the little finger correlated with the decrease in cortical representation across fingers in S1. Additionally, representations of the fingers within S1, in Brodmann areas 3b and 1, were also correlated with the thresholds. These results suggest that tactile hyperacuity is largely determined by the cortical representation of the fingers in S1.
Temperature Minimization Using Power Redistribution in Embedded Systems

Due to rapidly increasing power densities in Integrated Circuits (ICs) and the resulting increases in on-chip temperatures, thermal management has become an important issue in embedded system design. This paper focuses on thermal aware scheduling of periodic real-time tasks in embedded systems. The paper exploits a concept called Total Thermal Impact of a periodic task set to develop some theoretical results on thermal aware scheduling. Based on these results, the paper presents a scheduling heuristic called Power Redistribution Algorithm (PRA). The heuristic interleaves tasks with different power consumption and processor idle times in such a way that all real-time task deadlines are met and system temperature is minimized. The heuristic has small runtime complexity but results in substantial temperature reduction.
Cartilaginous lesions of bone

Cartilaginous lesions of the skeleton are very unusual. It is extremely important to correlate the roentgenographic features, the clinical features, and the histological features to arrive at a definite diagnosis. Most cartilaginous lesions are benign or of low-grade malignancy. However, there are some subtypes of chondrosarcoma that behave in a highly aggressive fashion.
Biofeedback in the Management of Chronic Pain Syndromes

Chronic pain is a major medical problem. Treatments for chronic pain represent a major portion of medical costs. Costs include payments for hospitalization and outpatient treatments, workmen’s compensation and disability payments, and time lost from work. These costs are staggering and growing rapidly. The estimated cost in the United States for only one of these disorders, low back pain, is one billion dollars per year (Bonica, 1980).
In-Flight Oscillation of Flapping Wing Vehicle

Flapping wings for small areal vehicles have long been identified as having the potential for revolutionary maneuverability and endurance. Significant research has been done to understand how animals fly. Ornithopters have been built and designed in an ad hoc manner, but fail to achieve the performance of their biological equivalents. This research seeks to develop in-flight measurements of ornithopters through the use of image processing, specifically measuring instantaneous forces to identify key phenomenon. Flapping wings are bound to produce peak force which are large compared to the average force, due to the stroke reversal of the wing. This work investigates measuring the in-flight ornithopter oscillation caused by these periodic forces. Results show that the oscillation is significant, being about 10% of the mean velocity and up to 10 g’s. Typically, wings are flapped near a resonant frequency, so the structural vibrations will have a significant effect on lifting surfaces. Results match instantaneous forces with deformations of the wing for contrasting the upstroke to the downstroke. Because of the magnitude of the oscillation as shown by the magnitude of the force absorbed by the structure, wind tunnel tests and computational fluid dynamics simulations should incorporate the observed rigid body translation to match flight conditions.
Stimulation of the slow calcium current in bullfrog skeletal muscle fibers by cAMP and cGMP.

The effects of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) on slow calcium currents (ICa) were investigated using the Vaseline-gap voltage-clamp tech...
Locating the optimal internal jugular target site for central venous line placement.

Abstract Study objective Historically, the placement of internal jugular central venous lines has been accomplished by using external landmarks to help identify target-rich locations in order to steer clear of dangerous structures. This paradigm is largely being displaced, as ultrasound has become routine practice, raising new considerations regarding target locations and risk mitigation. Most human anatomy texts depict the internal jugular vein as a straight columnar structure that exits the cranial vault the same size that it enters the thoracic cavity. We dispute the notion that the internal jugulars are cylindrical columns that symmetrically descend into the thoracic cavity, and purport that they are asymmetric conical structures. Design The primary aim of this study was to evaluate 100 consecutive adult chest and neck computed tomography exams that were imaged at an inpatient hospital. We measured the internal jugular on the left and right sides at three different levels to look for differences in size as the internal jugular descends into the thoracic cavity. Main results We revealed that as the internal jugular descends into the thorax, the area of the vessel increases and geometrically resembles a conical structure. We also reconfirmed that the left internal jugular is smaller than the right internal jugular. Conclusions Understanding that the largest target area for central venous line placement is the lower portion of the right internal jugular vein will help to better target vascular access for central line placement. This is the first study the authors are aware of that depicts the internal jugular as a conical structure as opposed to the commonly depicted symmetrical columnar structure frequently illustrated in anatomy textbooks. This target area does come with additional risk, as the closer you get to the thoracic cavity, the greater the chances for lung injury.
Technical Ideas of Auto-generation of Misoperation Prevention Control Rules in Substations

The opening or closing operations of breakers/switches in substations can be implemented only when they can meet the misoperation prevention control rules. Currently, the configuration of misoperation prevention control rules is carried out manually, with no guarantee for the correctness of rules. Based on the practical misoperation control rules adopted in substations, the necessity and practicality of using positive direction rules are explained, and the misoperation prevention control rules are studied. It is concluded that the misoperation prevention control rules can be generated from the graph theory and operation rules, and the developing ideas of auto-generation of the misoperation prevention control rules expert system are proposed.
Effective vaccine communication during the disneyland measles outbreak

Vaccine refusal rates have increased in recent years, highlighting the need for effective risk communication, especially over social media. Fuzzy-trace theory predicts that individuals encode bottom-line meaning ("gist") and statistical information ("verbatim") in parallel and those articles expressing a clear gist will be most compelling. We coded news articles (n=4581) collected during the 2014-2015 Disneyland measles for content including statistics, stories, or bottom-line gists regarding vaccines and vaccine-preventable illnesses. We measured the extent to which articles were compelling by how frequently they were shared on Facebook. The most widely shared articles expressed bottom-line gists, although articles containing statistics were also more likely to be shared than articles lacking statistics. Stories had limited impact on Facebook shares. Results support Fuzzy Trace Theory's predictions regarding the distinct yet parallel impact of categorical gist and statistical verbatim information on public health communication.
The artificial urinary sphincter (AS 800): experience in 166 consecutive patients.

AbstractThe artificial urinary sphincter model AS 800 was implanted in 166 patients with incontinence of various etiologies. Followup ranged from 6 to 94 months, with a mean of 41.6 months. Patient age ranged from 5 to 84 years, with a mean age of 59.4 years. There were 10 female patients (6%) and 156 male patients (94%). The cuff was implanted around the bladder neck in 27 patients (16%) and around the bulbous urethra in 139 (84%). A total of 40 reoperations (27 revisions and 13 device removals) was performed in 32 of 166 patients (19.3%). There were 13 mechanical device failures (7.8%), 11 cuff erosions (6.6%) and 2 periprosthetic infections (1.2%). Total or near total continence was achieved in 125 patients (75.3%), while 25 (15.1%) had improved urinary control.
Exkurs: ‹Lesen & Gefangen-Sein› in der Literatur

Nachfolgender Exkurs umfasst eine literaturwissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Themenkomplex ‹Lesen & Gefangen-Sein›. Dazu werden in einer thematischen und theoretischen Eingrenzung die verschiedenen interessierenden Motive der Gefangenschaft, des Gefangnisses, des Lesers und der Bibliothek in der Literatur sowie die darauf bezogenen literaturwissenschaftlichen Zugriffe einfuhrend dargestellt und anschliessend die Schwerpunkte und die Werkauswahl des Exkurses begrundet. Darauf folgen die textanalytischen Unterkapitel, welche sich wiederum in eine einfuhrende Analyse einer exemplarischen Erzahlung zur Thematik des Gefangen-Seins und eine vergleichende Untersuchung von funf ausgewahlten Gefangnisromanen gliedern.
Consumer Utilization and Reactions Toward Two Grassroots Dispute Resolution Systems

Consumer welfare and satisfaction are directly related to the performance of available dispute resolution systems. Results of a 1980 survey indicate that consumer utilization of small claims courts and Better Business Bureaus is low and attitudinal reactions toward these two systems tends to be negative.
Quantifying Groundwater Export from an Urban Reservoir: A Case Study from Coastal South Carolina

Climatic and anthropogenic factors can have a significant influence on groundwater resources, calling into question the future quality and quantity of the commodity. In this chapter, we discuss current and emerging issues concerning groundwater scarcity. These concepts are demonstrated using a case study from an urban reservoir that serves as a stormwater conduit to the nearshore ocean. Quantitative estimates of groundwater interaction with the reservoir were determined via direct tracer techniques which are rarely, if ever, used by urban hydrologists. Continuous time-series records of dissolved 222Rn were collected to evaluate the volumetric percentage of groundwater within the reservoir from 2012 through 2013. Using high-resolution sampling, we are able to characterize groundwater and reservoir response on event and seasonal time scales, while also offering general assessments of the hydrologic conditions during the study. When rainfall was not occurring, evapotranspiration served as the primary driver of overall hydrologic characteristics, directly influencing the water table and subsequent groundwater discharged from the reservoir. However, during storm events, hydrologic factors influencing the amount of groundwater within the reservoir were found to be more complex, including event duration, magnitude, and antecedent conditions. Seasonally, rainfall patterns were largely responsible for the magnitude of groundwater present within the reservoir and quasi-related to peak export to the coastal ocean. Most notably, we observed a decline in the volumetric percentage of groundwater within the reservoir as a result of increased groundwater residence time within the aquifer—a likely function of reduced aquifer recharge that would result from more efficient stormwater management.
Ambipolar Diffusion and its Application to Diffusion Creep

A diffusional creep theory which takes into account the simultaneous occurrence of lattice and grain boundary diffusion for both anions and cations was developed for a polycrystalline ionic compound. The effects of grain size, soluble cation impurities of variable valence, and oxygen partial pressure on the relative contributions of lattice and grain boundary diffusion of the different ionic species were analyzed. Diffusional creep data for pure and doped polycrystalline MgO, Al2O3 and BeO were analyzed in terras of various limiting conditions of the general creep theory.
The palatability of Neotropical poison frogs in predator-prey systems: do alkaloids make the difference?

Neotropical poison frogs sequester alkaloid-based chemical defenses from their diet, which seem to repel invertebrate predators after contact. In this study, we tested the reaction of predatory ants toward skin secretions of captive-bred poison frogs without alkaloids. Although the secretions had a smell and taste similar to those of wild-caught frogs, the ants did not avoid them, but actually preferred them. We infer that amphibian secretions are attractive to invertebrate predators (probably due to palatable nutritive components), but that this attraction is overridden when unpalatable alkaloids are present.
Rational Points over Finite Fields on a Family of Higher Genus Curves and Hypergeometric Functions

In this paper we investigate the relation between the number of rational points over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{p^n}$ on a family of higher genus curves and their periods in terms of hypergeometric functions. For the case $y^\ell = x(x-1)(x-\lambda)$ we find a closed form in terms of hypergeometric functions associated with the periods of the curve. For the general situation $y^\ell = x^{a_1}(x-1)^{a_2}(x-\lambda)^{a_3}$ we show that the number of rational points is a linear combination of hypergeometric series, and we provide an algorithm to determine the coefficients involved.
Consequences of violence across the lifespan: Mental health and sleep quality in pregnant women.

Objective Research has demonstrated that exposure to violence and adversity has negative effects on both mental health and biobehavioral outcomes, such as sleep health. Research examining the relationship between past and recent violence exposure and mental health suggests that the effects of childhood adversity are especially pernicious, but to date, no studies have attempted to disentangle the direct, indirect and relative effects of past year versus childhood exposure to violence and adversity on sleep. The objective of the current study was to examine the direct effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and past year intimate partner violence (IPV) on different aspects of sleep health in pregnant women. Method A sample of high-risk pregnant women (n = 101) were interviewed. Mediation analysis with bias-corrected, bootstrapped confidence intervals was used to evaluate direct and indirect effects. Results Findings indicated that while ACEs had significant direct effects on mental health, past year IPV had stronger effects on sleep quality, latency, and efficiency. ACEs did, however, indirectly affect subjective sleep quality via past year psychological IPV. Conclusion These findings suggest that sleep disturbance may be a regulatory stress response that is most clearly linked to past year violence and trauma. That is, though long-term sleep disturbance may be evident following childhood adversity, it is likely that this relationship is better explained by the role of childhood adversity in predicting adulthood revictimization or due to long-term mental health difficulties associated with early trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record
The giants we never knew

As an African-American woman, a physicist and a current employee of NASA, Margot Lee Shetterly's book Hidden Figures: the Untold Story of the African American Women Who Helped Win the Space Race both excited and moved me.
A Mind–Body Approach to Pediatric Pain Management

Pain is a significant public health problem that affects all populations and has significant financial, physical and psychological impact. Opioid medications, once the mainstay of pain therapy across the spectrum, can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Centers for Disease and Control (CDC) guidelines recommend that non-opioid pain medications are preferred for chronic pain outside of certain indications (cancer, palliative and end of life care). Mindfulness, hypnosis, acupuncture and yoga are four examples of mind–body techniques that are often used in the adult population for pain and symptom management. In addition to providing significant pain relief, several studies have reported reduced use of opioid medications when mind–body therapies are implemented. Mind–body medicine is another approach that can be used in children with both acute and chronic pain to improve pain management and quality of life.
What Lines, Rats, and Sheep Can Tell Us

In his 2015 Research Through Design provocation, Tim Ingold invites his audience to think with string, lines, and meshworks. In this article I use Ingold's concepts to explore an orientation to design—one that threads through both Ingold's ideas and Vinciane Despret's vivid and moving accounts of human-animal relations. This is a “thinking and doing” through design that seeks to be expansive to the capacities of humans and non-humans in relation to one another.
Gender Policy Feedback: Perceptions of Sex Equity, Title IX, and Political Mobilization among College Athletes:

Public policies invariably confer or deny benefits to particular citizens. How citizens respond to relevant policies has fundamental implications for democratic responsiveness. We study the beliefs...
iDINGO-integrative differential network analysis in genomics with Shiny application.

Motivation Differential network analysis is an important way to understand network rewiring involved in disease progression and development. Building differential networks from multiple 'omics data provides insight into the holistic differences of the interactive system under different patient-specific groups. DINGO was developed to infer group-specific dependencies and build differential networks. However, DINGO and other existing tools are limited to analyze data arising from a single platform, and modeling each of the multiple 'omics data independently does not account for the hierarchical structure of the data. Results We developed the iDINGO R package to estimate group-specific dependencies and make inferences on the integrative differential networks, considering the biological hierarchy among the platforms. A Shiny application has also been developed to facilitate easier analysis and visualization of results, including integrative differential networks and hub gene identification across platforms. Availability and implementation R package is available on CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/iDINGO) and Shiny application at https://github.com/MinJinHa/iDINGO. Contact mjha@mdanderson.org. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Anal canal squamous cell cancer: are surgical alternatives to chemoradiation just as effective?

The purpose of this paper is to study long-term oncologic outcomes after different treatment strategies for anal canal cancer (SCAC). Patients with SCAC (2004–2013) were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients undergoing radiation (RT) were compared to those undergoing local excision (LE), abdominoperineal resection (APR), and abdominoperineal resection after radiation (RT + APR). Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) data were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Two thousand seven hundred and seventy-two (83.8%) patients underwent RT, 382 (11.6%) LE, 77 (2.3%) APR, 76 (2.3%) RT + APR. Median age for the four groups was 60, 57, 64, and 56 years and 32, 49.7, 53.2, and 39.5% were male, respectively, while median tumor size was 4.4, 2.6, 5.3, and 5.5 cm, respectively. Five-year OS of RT, LE, APR, and RT + APR groups was 63.7, 79.6, 25.8, and 41.8% while CSS was 79.6, 92.5, 75.6, and 58.8%, respectively, (p < 0.001). Adjusted hazard ratios for OS for LE, APR, and RT + APR with RT as reference were 1.007 (0.702-1.444), 2.311 (1.367-3.906), and 2.072 (1.016-4.228), respectively. These data suggest that APR does not provide better outcomes in treatment of SCAC. Chemoradiation remains the gold standard treatment for majority of patients. Local excision is associated with favorable outcomes in some circumstances.
Ultra-narrow Linewidth Quantum Dot Coherent Comb Lasers

We have developed a secondary-cavity self-injection feedback locking system to simultaneously reduce the linewidths of over 39 filtered individual channels of an InAs/InP quantum-dot coherent comb laser from a few MHz to less than 200 kHz.
Dissenting Church: New Models for Conflict and Diversity in the Roman Catholic Tradition

The concept of “dissent” is of recent coinage and narrow use in Catholic theology. However, since rereadings of Catholic tradition through the lens of cultural studies have revealed its constitutive plurality, we are faced with a profound tension between a critical description of ecclesial polyphony and the normative ideals of unity and consensus. This interdisciplinary reappraisal of tradition raises far-reaching theological questions: Do we necessarily have to refer to inner-ecclesial polyphony as “dissent”? Does “dissent” silently rely on (and thus reinforce) established hierarchies of authority in the church? What could be counterhegemonic frameworks that resist entrenched power/knowledge regimes in the church? In which ways could “dissent” be reconceived to allow for a constructive approach to inner-ecclesial plurality? Once we raise questions such as these, we begin to see that Catholic theology lacks adequate models for a reflection of ecclesial polyphony in its full complexity. This roundtable addresses this lacuna: it offers critical case studies of historical and contemporary forms of “dissent” within the church, and it engages the theological and ecclesiological issues at stake.
Pantelion: Neoliberalism and Media in the Age of Precarization

A joint venture between Mexican media company Televisa and Lionsgate, Pantelion is a film production and distribution venture aimed at US Latino audiences. Its catalog, however, departs from historical traditions of Latino and Chicano film in the United States, and its model of business more clearly resembles the aesthetics and ideologies developed by Mexican television and cinema in the neoliberal era. This paper discusses the way in which Pantelion films—both the ones produced in the United States and the ones imported from Mexico—participate in a new logic of neoliberalization of precarity. In other words, Pantelion productions reflect many of the economic and political concerns of the Latino community—such as economic justice and immigration—and its cultural traditions, but this reflection does not articulate a political stance, but rather a narrative that reconciles these economic difficulties in languages compatible with ideologies of meritocracy, racial hierarchy, and middle-class respectability identifiable with neoliberalism. This chapter seeks to show that the commoditization and representation of Latino issues in Pantelion’s catalog ultimately engage narratives where individuality, creativity, and other cultural ideologies deactivate communal and identitarian ideologies present in previous film and promote an idea of the Latino community as participating in a free-market society. The paper also aims to discuss the way in which these aesthetics of precarization have been essential to the current success of the studio. To illustrate these points, the chapter compares early films that participated in more traditional Latino cinema tropes, such as the representation of growing-up stories of young Latina women facing economic marginalization in films such as From Prada to Nada (Angel Gracia, 2011), Girl in Progress (Patricia Riggen, 2012), and Filly Brown (Youssef Delara and Michael D. Olmos, 2012), and the role that Mexican neoliberal cinema and Televisa played in the reconfiguration of the studio’s ideologies, using the example of Instructions not Included (Eugenio Derbez, 2013).
Disparities in Sleep Problems by Sexual Orientation among New York City Adults: an Analysis of the New York City Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2014.

We examined disparities in sleep problems by sexual orientation among a population-based sample of adults, using data from the New York City (NYC) Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NYC HANES), a population-based, cross-sectional survey conducted in 2013–2014 (n = 1220). Two log binomial regression models were created to assess the relative prevalence of sleep problems by sexual orientation. In model 1, heterosexual adults served as the reference category, controlling for gender, age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and family income. And in model 2, heterosexual men served as the reference category, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, and family income. We found that almost 42% of NYC adults reported sleep problems in the past 2 weeks. Bisexual adults had 1.4 times the relative risk of sleep problems compared to heterosexual adults (p = 0.037). Compared to heterosexual men, heterosexual and bisexual women had 1.3 and 1.6 times the risk of sleep problems, respectively (p < 0.05). Overall, adults who self-identified as bisexual had a significantly greater risk of sleep problems than adults who self-identified as heterosexual.
Interplay Between LRRK2 Action in Neurons and Macrophages in Mediating α-Synuclein linked Neurodegeneration (P1.003)

Objective: To explore the interaction between α-synuclein and LRRK2 in cellular and animal models of Parkinson disease. Background: α-Synuclein is genetically linked to Parkinson disease (PD) susceptibility and encodes the protein that composes Lewy inclusions in PD pathology. The most common known genetic cause of neurodegeneration is the G2019S- LRRK2 mutation that upregulates kinase activity in the encoded protein. LRRK2 may provide a window into mechanisms important in PD pathogenesis, but the link between α-synuclein neurotoxicity and LRRK2 is not well understood. Design/Methods: In this study, transgenic rats overexpressing G2019S- LRRK2 mutation, and recombinant preformed αsynuclein fibrils have been used to investigate the influence of mutant LRRK2 on αsynuclien inclusion formation and the neuroinflammatory response associated with PD. Results: In normal brain tissue, LRRK2 protein localizes to neurons that express high levels of α-synuclein. In neurons both in culture and in the brain, we have found that G2019S- LRRK2 mutation may accelerate the progression of α-synucelin inclusion formation in axons and eventually in the cytosol, but G2019S-LRRK2 expression did not change the probability of initial formation of α-synuclein inclusions. In the presence of abnormal α-synuclein in neurons, we found that LRRK2 protein also accumulates in recruited cells of the innate immune system, most notably macrophages that can express iNOS and MHC-II. We found that G2019S-LRRK2 expression may accelerate macrophage mobility and chemotactic responses. Through enhanced mobility, G2019S-LRRK2 expression in macrophages may lead to an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response that can produce neurotoxic oxidative products and cytokines. We hypothesized that LRRK2 action in both neurons and macrophages may lead to the acceleration of neurodegenerative effects attributed to abnormal α-synuclein in PD. Conclusions: LRRK2 can be expressed in both neurons and mature macrophages. G2019S-LRRK2 hastens the robust development of pS129-α-synuclein pathology in primary neurons. LRRK2 may control macrophage responses in the brain through regulating the mobility in chemotactic responses. Disclosure: Dr. Abdelmotilib has nothing to disclose. Dr. West has nothing to disclose. Dr. Volpicelli-Daly has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harms has nothing to disclose.
Forget This Article: On Scholarly Oblivion, Institutional Amnesia, and Erasure of Research History

Eternal return is a condition that characterizes the world of art education and its scholarship, though it seems that the phenomenon goes largely unnoticed by many writing in the field today. The failure to name our work as part of an existing family of ideas, with themes that may date back to the years 1950-1970 or earlier, has implications not only for how we understand the evolution of the field’s knowledge base but also for the sophistication and depth of our scholarship. This article reveals how, as a custom, contemporary researchers in art education rarely reference early research from the field. Citing evidence from personal experience and from an analysis of citations in research articles published over the past 5 years in Studies in Art Education, I present reasons why the condition exists generally in art education scholarship. Finally, I argue that our custom of not acknowledging early research results in a fragmented, incoherent knowledge base, a condition that may ultimately deter substantive...
High-Fidelity Endovascular Simulation

With the ongoing changes in graduate medical education, emphasis has been placed on simulation models to increase clinical exposure and optimize learning. In specific, high-fidelity simulation presents as a potential option for procedural-skill development in interventional radiology. With improved haptic, visual, and tactile dynamics, high-fidelity endovascular simulators have gained increasing support from trainees and certified interventionalists alike. The 2 most common high-fidelity endovascular simulators utilized today are the Procedicus VIST and ANGIO Mentor, which contain notable differences in technical features, case availability, and cost. From the perspective of a trainee, high-fidelity simulation allows for the ability to perform a greater volume of cases. Additionally, without the risk of potential harm to the patient, trainees can focus on repetition and improved performance in a stress-free environment. When errors are made, high-fidelity simulator metrics will generate instantaneous feedback and error notification, erasing ambiguity and thus facilitating learning. Furthermore, in an environment devoid of time and cost stressors, the supervising physician is afforded the opportunity to properly mentor and instruct the trainee throughout the case. For the experienced interventionalists, high-fidelity simulation allows for a decreased learning curve for new procedures or techniques, as well as the opportunity for procedure rehearsal for unusual or high-risk cases. Despite the limitations created by cost, high-fidelity endovascular simulation should continue to be increasingly utilized in the development of the interventional radiology curriculum.
Persistence of racial disparities in early-stage lung cancer treatment

Abstract Objective Although the incidence of lung cancer has decreased over the past decades, disparities in survival and treatment modalities have been observed for black and white patients with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer, despite the fact that surgical resection has been established as the standard of care. Possible contributors to these disparities are stage at diagnosis, comorbidities, socioeconomic factors, and patient preference. This study examines racial disparities in treatment, adjusting for clinicodemographic factors. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare dataset was queried to identify patients diagnosed with primary stage I non–small cell lung cancer between 1992 and 2009. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to assess the association between race and treatment modalities within 1 year of diagnosis, adjusted for clinical and demographic factors. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were performed to evaluate disparities in survival, accounting for mode of treatment. Results We identified 22,724 patients; 21,230 (93.4%) white and 1494 (6.6%) black. Black patients were less likely to receive treatment (odds ratio [OR]adj, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.73) and less likely to receive surgery only when treated (ORadj, 0.70, 95% CI, 0.61-0.79). Although univariate survival for black patients was worse, when accounting for treatment mode, there was no difference in survival (hazard ratioadj, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90-1.04 for all patients, hazard ratioadj, 0.98; 95% CI: 0.90-1.06 for treated patients). Conclusions Treatment disparities persist, even when adjusting for clinical and demographic factors. However, when black patients receive similar treatment, survival is comparable with white patients.
Abstract TP32: 3mmx20 Trevo Retriever vs. Penumbra 3 Max Distal Occlusion Acute Stroke Thrombectomy

Introduction: The optimal approach for distal intracranial occlusions in thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke is unclear. We aim to compare our experience with 3mmx20 Trevo Retriever against the ...
Mechanism of 6-Hydroxynicotinate 3-Monooxygenase, a Flavin-Dependent Decarboxylative Hydroxylase Involved in Bacterial Nicotinic Acid Degradation.

6-Hydroxynicotinate 3-monooxygenase (NicC) is a Group A FAD-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the decarboxylative hydroxylation of 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-HNA) to 2,5-dihydroxypyridine (2,5...
Science Signaling Podcast: 17 June 2008

This conversation is about research highlighted in the Editors9 Choice summary titled, "A Deadly Gift." The highlighted article is K. Al-Nedawi, B. Meehan, J. Micallef, V. Lhotak, L. May, A. Guha, J. Rak, Intercellular transfer of the oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII by microvesicles derived from tumor cells. Nat . Cell Biol . 10 , 619-624 (2008). (Length: 8 min; file size: 3.72 MB; file format: mp3; location: http://podcasts.aaas.org/science_signaling/ScienceSignaling_080617.mp3)
Recent literature on bryophytes—118(1)

] Yang, J.-D. 2014. Taxonomic Studies of Lejeuneaceae subfamily Lejeuneoideae in Taiwan. [iii] xii + 716 pp. Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan. [Ph.D.
Atezolizumab in understudied populations with bladder cancer

Immune checkpoint therapy is beneficial for patients with advanced bladder cancer; however, trials generally exclude patients with comorbidities or uncommon histologies. The SAUL trial demonstrates that atezolizumab is safe and efficacious in a patient population that more accurately reflects the real-world scenario, but its benefit might still be limited in historically poorly performing populations.
Caring E-mails for Military and Veteran Suicide Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective The purpose of this multisite study was to conduct a randomized controlled trial of an e-mail version of the caring letters (CL) suicide prevention intervention to determine whether the intervention is efficacious in preventing suicide behaviors among U.S. service members and veterans. Method Psychiatric inpatients (N = 1,318) were recruited from four military medical centers and two VA hospitals and randomized to receive either 13 caring e-mails over two years or usual care. Results There were 10 deaths from any cause in the CL group (three suicides) and 14 in the usual care group (seven suicides) during the individual two-year follow-up intervals. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of all-cause hospital readmission between the study groups (RR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.94, 1.36). There were no differences observed between groups on self-reported psychiatric hospital readmissions, self-reported suicide attempts, or other measures associated with risk for suicide. Conclusions No firm conclusions about the efficacy of the intervention can be made because the study was inadequately powered. There were no adverse events associated with the intervention, and implementation of the procedures was feasible in the military and veteran hospital settings. These results provide important methodological considerations for caring contact trials in military populations.
Kinks of Fractional Charge in Quasi-One-Dimensional Systems

Recent theoretical studies have shown that in quasi-one-dimensional conductors having a Peierls distortion of commensurability index n (ratio of the distortion period to lattice spacing), there exist excitations whose charge is Q = ± 2e/n or ± 2e/n ± e. These excitations are kinks in the order parameter ψ describing the lattice distortion. In trans polyacetylene, n = 2 and Q = 0, ± e with spin S = ½, 0 respectively. For n = 3 (e.g., TTF-TCNQ at 19Kb) Q = ± 2/3 e, ± 1/3 e, ± 4/3 e with spin S = 0, ½, 0 respectively. Electronic states localized at the kink have energies in the Peierls gaps. Properties of these stable fractionally charged objects are discussed.
Opioid Consumption After Gender-Affirming Mastectomy and Two Other Breast Surgeries.

Abstract Background There are few studies that evaluate patient-reported opioid consumption after discharge from surgery. In addition, there has been a call for “special care in prescribing opioids” for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning patients. Here, we evaluate if patients undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy (GAM) require different amounts of opioids for pain management after discharge compared alongside two surgeries with similar surgical exposure. Materials and methods From October 2017 to July 2018, patients undergoing oncologic mastectomy without reconstruction, mammoplasty reduction, or gender-affirming mastectomy at a single institution were enrolled in a phone survey study to quantify opioids consumed after discharge from surgery. Patient information was captured from the medical record. A total of 170 patients were called between 14 and 30 d after discharge and were asked to count unused pills from their opioid prescription. Results A total of 99 patients participated and provided pill counts. There were differences between prescribed and consumed opioids within each surgery. Patients who underwent oncologic mastectomy were prescribed and consumed the lowest amounts of opioids. There were significantly more opioids prescribed to patients with GAM than mammoplasty reduction, but consumption was not statistically different. Patients with oncologic mastectomy, mammoplasty reduction, and GAM consumed a median of 0, 10, and 15 five mg oxycodone equivalent tablets, respectively. Conclusions Despite similar approaches, surgeries had different opioid prescribing and use profiles. Generally, all patients were overprescribed opioids. Overprescribing may be especially problematic in patients with known higher risk of misuse and substance abuse. Granular data on patient consumption, demographics, and preoperative risk factors for opioid misuse may improve prescribing practices.
Outcomes of an Online Virtual Boot Camp to Prepare Fourth-Year Medical Students for a Successful Transition to Internship

Introduction Changes in medical education and health care delivery have limited the ability of fourth-year medical students to perform the role of an intern prior to graduating from medical school. To address this issue, many schools have instituted residency preparation courses (sometimes referred to as boot camps) particularly for students entering surgical fields. Courses for students entering nonprocedural fields are less common and most assess increases in self-reported confidence without providing objective evidence of a gain in knowledge or skills improvement. Materials and Methods We used a Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) model to develop and pilot cycle 1 of a nonprocedural internship preparation elective in 2019. Feedback was used to refine the course and map sessions to core competencies outlined by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for PDSA cycle 2. The curriculum was adapted for remote synchronous delivery due to the coronavirus pandemic in spring 2020 using a combination of didactic lectures containing embedded polls and case-based role play responses using a chat box. Students completed anonymous surveys assessing self-perceived levels of confidence, as well as an objective comprehensive assessment after course completion. Results A total of 89 students participated in the course. Pre-session confidence was lowest for transfusion medicine, handling pages from nursing while on call, and knowledge of the role of a chief resident. A statistically significant increase in median scores for self-reported knowledge or confidence was seen in all sessions. The percentage of students reporting that they were either confident or extremely confident also increased significantly after each session (p<0.001 for all). All sessions analyzed were rated as useful or extremely useful by more than half of the students, and 94% of the students scored 70% or higher on the comprehensive course assessment. Conclusions An online virtual synchronous boot camp increased students' confidence in handling common topics encountered during residency and demonstrated an appropriate gain in knowledge using a comprehensive assessment. We were able to adapt our curriculum to a remote model and will likely keep several sessions in an online format in the future.
Ground-layer wave front reconstruction from multiple natural guide stars

Observational tests of open-loop ground-layer wave front recovery have been made using a constellation of four natural guide stars at the 1.55 m Kuiper telescope in Arizona. Such tests explore the effectiveness of wide-field seeing improvement by correction of low-lying atmospheric turbulence with ground-layer adaptive optics (GLAO). The wave fronts from the four stars were measured simultaneously on a Shack-Hartmann wave front sensor (WFS). The WFS placed a 5 × 5 array of square subapertures across the pupil of the telescope, allowing for wave front reconstruction up to the fifth radial Zernike order. We find that the wave front aberration in each star can be roughly halved by subtracting the average of the wave fronts from the other three stars. Wave front correction on this basis leads to a reduction in width of the seeing-limited stellar image by up to a factor of 3, with image sharpening effective from the visible to near-infrared wavelengths over a field of at least 2'. We conclude that GLAO correction will be a valuable tool that can increase resolution and spectrographic throughput across a broad range of seeing-limited observations.