cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solidification point curves of binary acid mixtures

With the synthesis ofn-hexatriacontanoic acid (sol. pt. 99.65°C.), this time coupling ω-carbethoxynonoyl chloride with cadmium docosyl bromide, rather than with its zine iodide counterpart (5d), to formn-dotriacontanoic acid, from which by malonic-ester synthesis, the chain was lengthened in two stages, the series of solidification point eurves of binary mixtures of the homologous acids in question has been increased by one pair. Detailed descriptions of the several steps involved in these syntheses have been given. The curve, although slightly flatter—it is here drawn to a different scale than that previously used (5)−has the same general shape as those previously reported for the homologous fatty acids in this area.
Utility of multiphasic multidetector computed tomography in discriminating between clear cell renal cell carcinomas with high and low carbonic anhydrase-IX expression

To investigate if multiphasic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) enhancement profiles can distinguish clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) with high carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) expression from ccRCCs with low CA-IX expression. With IRB approval for this retrospective study, we derived a cohort of 105 histologically proven ccRCCs with preoperative 4-phase renal mass MDCT from 2001 to 2013. Following manual segmentation, the computer-assisted detection algorithm selected a 0.5-cm-diameter region of maximal attenuation within each lesion in each phase. CA-IX expression level was determined by immunohistochemical staining of tumor specimens. In the high and low CA-IX expression subgroups, the magnitude of enhancement and washout were compared using t tests; the performance of contrast washout in differentiating between subgroups was assessed with logistic regression analysis. ccRCCs with high and low CA-IX expression both exhibited peak enhancement in the corticomedullary phase. ccRCCs with high CA-IX expression demonstrated significantly greater relative nephrographic washout than those with low CA-IX expression (18.4% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.03). ccRCCs with high CA-IX expression had greater relative excretory washout than ccRCCs with low CA-IX expression with a trend toward significance (33.4% vs. 25.2%, p = 0.05). After controlling for tumor size and stage, for distinguishing ccRCCs with high and low CA-IX expression, relative excretory washout had a sensitivity, negative predictive value, accuracy, and positive predictive value of 99% (65/66), 88% (7/8), 69% (72/105), and 67% (65/97), respectively. Relative nephrographic and excretory washout may have the potential to help distinguish ccRCCs with high and low CA-IX expression, but this requires further validation.
Examining the Formal Education of Children's Ministers in the United States: Suggestions for Professional Development, Christian Education, and Emerging Research:

There is currently no empirically supported consensus on what children's ministers need to know in order to effectively serve the children in their local congregations. To shed light on this questi...
“Listening“ Crowdsourced Sound

Bearing in mind the influence of internet based instruments for crowdsourcing, landscape architecture, urban planning, and urban design fields are progressively applying these tools to obtain better notions and alternatives from the community. Such instruments generally provide considerable data about what community desires. In spite of this fact, to the best of our knowledge, crowdsourced intelligence in landscape architecture and urban planning has been studied limited. This research concentrates on University of Texas at Arlington campus soundscape in the heart of 6 million populated Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex to examine the opportunities and applications of performing crowdsourced data. To do this, research team applied mixed methods, the study evaluates the opinions of campus users and determines in which aspects those ideas can be connected to soundscape patterns. After investigating the interviews of campus users, the study integrated the information of perceptions about opinions at the end of the...
Organizational Development and Change: A Roadmap for Future Evolution

The greatest danger in times of turbulence is not the turbulence; it is to act with yesterday’s logic - Peter Drucker. In our rapidly changing world what was thought of as breakthrough yesterday ma...
Journal Club in Residency Education: An Evidence-based Guide to Best Practices from the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors

Journal clubs are an important tool for critically appraising articles and keeping up-to-date with the current literature. This paper provides a critical review of the literature on the design and structure of journal clubs in residency education with a focus on preparation, topic selection, implementation, and integration of technology. Recommendations for preparation include developing clearly defined goals and objectives that are agreed upon by all journal club participants; mentorship from experienced faculty members to ensure appropriate article selection, maintenance of structure, and applicability to objectives; distribution of articles to participants 1-2 weeks prior to the scheduled session with reminders to read the articles at predetermined intervals; and the use of a structured critical appraisal tool for evaluating the articles. Recommendations for topic selection include selecting a primary objective of either critical appraisal or informing clinical practice and ensuring that the articles align with the objective; involving learners in the topic- and article-selection process; and having the article selection driven by a specific clinical question. Recommendations for implementation include hosting sessions in the evening and away from the hospital environment; providing food to participants; hosting meetings on a monthly basis at regularly scheduled intervals; mandating journal club attendance; and using theories of adult learning. Recommendations for integration of technology include using previously established, effective strategies and determining the feasibility of creating an online journal club versus joining an established journal club. It is the authors' intention that after reading this paper readers will have new strategies and techniques for implementing and running a journal club at their home institutions.
Templating Colloidal Crystal Growth Using Chirped Surface Relief Gratings.

We report a method for controlling the lattice geometry of monodisperse colloidal crystals formed by confined convective self-assembly on a substrate patterned with a chirped surface relief grating. Chirped gratings were fabricated using laser interference lithography and a curved mirror reflector to create photoresist patterns with pitch values ranging from ∼500 to >10 000 nm spread over a planar surface. These surface nanostructures are shown to guide the formation of various lattice geometries not normally found via colloidal assembly on planar surfaces. It is shown that when the pitch of the grating is much larger than the diameter of the colloidal particles, the grating trenches serve as compartments for deposition and the particles form close-packed, linear chains. Various ordered structures are observed as the dimensions of the grating pitch decrease and approach the diameter of the particles. The grating nanostructures guide the formation of various lattice geometries due to specific particle–surf...
Spectrum Set-Asides as Content-Neutral Metric: Creating a Practical Balance Between Media Access and Market Power

This Article explores the practicality and desirability of a public access system for digital broadcasters. While the repeal of the Fairness Doctrine and the Supreme Court’s decision in Miami Herald Publishing Co. v. Tornillo 1 have put a damper on the longstanding efforts of access advocates, the time is ripe to recognize that the new technologies of digital multiplexing and spatial zoning not only make a robust public access system legally feasible, but potentially desirable for government regulators, broadcasters and the public. In a recent article, I proposed a theory of public access based on the contractual principle of bargained-for exchange, or quid pro quo. This theory is predicated on the idea that broadcasters would agree to provide access to the public in return for increased market power that broadcasters are eager to secure from Congress. This Article looks less at the theories that would justify an application of quid pro quo to speech, and more to the law and policy considerations that would relate to placing a voluntary access-for-market-power system into practice. If devised well, such a system has the potential to address many of the objectives of the now-defunct Fairness Doctrine, which broadcasters actively opposed, and which proved to be ineffective as a right of broadcast access for citizens.
Victorian Reform of Civil Litigation in the Superior Courts of Common Law

The “delay, vexation, and expense” of English civil procedure attracted considerable criticism at the beginning of the nineteenth century, most notably from Jeremy Bentham and his ardent supporter in Parliament, Henry Brougham. Brougham’s marathon speech in 1828 attacked the “double tax of cost and delay” and urged a series of sweeping reforms. Reform would come piecemeal throughout the century, culminating in transformative statutes enacted after Brougham and Bentham had died. Holdsworth accurately labeled the Victorian period the “age of reform” in procedure as in so many other areas of the law. This essay examines the Victorian era’s responses to undue delay in English civil litigation in the superior courts of common law. The immediate verdict on the reforms was overwhelmingly positive, but with the benefit of hindsight the appraisal is more modest. Indeed, it remains to be seen whether the High Court judges of the twenty-first century will be more successful than their Victorian counterparts in combating undue delay.
Symbolic learning of component interfaces

Given a white-box component &#119991; with specified unsafe states, we address the problem of automatically generating an interface that captures safe orderings of invocations of &#119991;'s public methods. Method calls in the generated interface are guarded by constraints on their parameters. Unlike previous work, these constraints are generated automatically through an iterative refinement process. Our technique, named Psyco (Predicate-based SYmbolic COmpositional reasoning), employs a novel combination of the L* automata learning algorithm with symbolic execution. The generated interfaces are three-valued, capturing whether a sequence of method invocations is safe, unsafe, or its effect on the component state is unresolved by the symbolic execution engine. We have implemented Psyco as a new prototype tool in the JPF open-source software model checking platform, and we have successfully applied it to several examples.
Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain

Arteriovenous Malformations of the brain are uncommon disorders with a prevalence of < 1%.1,2 The incidence of asymptomatic AVMs in autopsy series is very small, and therefore it can be assumed that most or virtually all AVMs become symptomatic during a lifetime. An increased prevalence of AVMs is seen in certain conditions such as hereditary he-morrhagic teleangiectasia.3 The morbidity and mor-tality associated with AVMs are primarily related to the propensity of these lesions to bleed sponta-neously into the brain parenchyma or into the sub-arachnoid space. Other epiphenomena related to AVMs such as deep or cortical venous hypertension, arterial steal, or hydrocephalus are usually of lesser importance. Approximately half of AVMs present with intracranial hemorrhage,4 with an initial mor-tality rate of approximately 10% and morbidity of 25% to 58%.5,6 However, the prospects for mean-ingful recovery following intracranial hemorrhage from an AVM seem better than those following in-tracranial hemorrhage from other causes such as aneurysmal rupture or hypertension.7
Mysteries of Creative Process: Explorations at Work and in Daily Life

Why a mystery? The sudden surprises of creative novelty can change lives and alter whole areas of existence. The authors combine expertise in business, coaching, and expressive arts with educational psychology, clinical psychiatry, and everyday creativity, plus arts-based and qualitative research methods to explore the mysteries of creative process. We look at the early stages of generating new material and across fields of endeavour. We explore deeper ways of knowing self, other, and the world through rich subjective methods including qualitative interviewing and arts-based inquiry. Applications to work-based creativity and relationships, expressive arts processes for healing, and potential for the growing field of creativity coaching are presented. A goal is to reveal and enhance a fuller range and depth of our sensitive, subtle, conscious, and unconscious creative potentialities. We begin with everyday creativity, using the two product criteria of originality and meaningfulness, then turn to process. We posit that human creativity is, first of all, universal but can often be developed much more, and across multiple modalities and other ways of knowing. Further framing draws from chaos and complexity theory—viewing creative phenomena as part of our broader nonlinear functioning as open systems, linked interdependently with a world in flux. Hence awareness, assessment, and development of creative process—through arts and everyday living—contribute in multiple ways to meaningful work, deeper relationships, life satisfaction, and even our worldview.
Racial composition in trials supporting the U.S. approval of anti-cancer new molecular entities (NMEs): 2011- 2016.

6518Background: In New Drug- and Biologics License Applications, clinical trials provide the primary safety and efficacy data upon which approval decisions are made. Low numbers of patients from ra...
Silicon Oxide-Encapsulated Platinum Thin Films as Highly Active Electrocatalysts for Carbon Monoxide and Methanol Oxidation

Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) have the potential to provide high power densities for transportation and portable applications. However, widespread use of DAFCs is greatly hindered by the lack of anode electrocatalysts that are inexpensive, stable, resistant to CO poisoning, and highly active toward alcohol oxidation. One promising approach to overcoming these challenges is to combine transition metal catalysts with oxide supports, such as SiO2, which are known to enhance alcohol oxidation by promoting CO oxidation at oxide|metal interfacial regions through the so-called bifunctional mechanism. Herein, we report on a membrane-coated electrocatalyst (MCEC) architecture for alcohol oxidation, in which a thin, permeable silicon oxide (SiOx) nanomembrane encapsulates a well-defined Pt thin film (SiOx|Pt). A key advantage of the MCEC design compared to oxide-supported nanoparticles is that the oxide encapsulation maximizes the density of oxide|metal interfacial sites between the SiOx and Pt catalyst. A seri...
Robust State Prediction with Incomplete and Noisy Measurements in Collaborative Sensing

Collaborative sensing has emerged as a new sensing paradigm where sensors collaboratively report measurements about the phenomena or events in the physical world. This paper focuses on a robust state prediction problem in collaborative sensing where the goal is to provide an accurate prediction on the dynamic status of the physical environment (e.g., air quality index, temperature, traffic) based on the incomplete and noisy data contributed by collaborative sensors. While significant progress has been made to study the state prediction problem, we identify two fundamental challenges that have not been well addressed by the current literature. The first challenge is "latent spatial dynamics": the spatial correlations among measured variables are highly dynamic and the features that affect such dynamics may not be directly observable from the sensing data. The second challenge is "incomplete and noisy data": a significant amount of measurements are missing in collaborative sensing due to the prohibitively high cost of deploying sensors for full spatial-temporal coverage. The collaborative sensors are also known to be unreliable in many applications and can easily contribute to noisy measurements. To address these challenges, this paper develops a Context-Aware Collaborative Sensing Prediction (CACSP) scheme inspired by techniques from latent semantic analysis and statistics. We evaluate our scheme through two real-world collaborative sensing applications and the results show that CACSP significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines.
Minimization of Adverse Effects of Time Delay on Power Quality Enhancement in Hybrid Grid

One of the most challenging issues of the modern power grid is the communication delay, which has adverse effects on the power quality. This paper proposes two methods, such as the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based approach and the modified predictor method, to minimize the negative effects of time delay on the power quality enhancement in a hybrid power grid consisting of synchronous and wind generators. The thyristor switched capacitor has been used as a power quality enhancement means for the grid. Time delays ranging from 0–700 ms have been considered for the analysis. Both balanced and unbalanced temporary and permanent faults at different locations in the power network have been considered. Two indices, namely the voltage index and the total harmonic distortion have been used to evaluate the power quality of the system. The performance of the FLC-based method has been compared with that of the modified predictor method. Simulations have been performed by using the MATLAB/Simulink software. Simulation results show that both the proposed methods can minimize the negative effects of time delays on the power quality enhancement of the system. However, the FLC method performs better than the modified predictor method.
A framework for time-varying induced seismicity risk assessment, with application in Oklahoma

We present a probabilistic framework to assess induced seismicity hazard and risk, while accounting for temporally-varying seismicity rates. The framework is based on the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and risk assessment that are used extensively for tectonic earthquakes. Dynamic estimates of earthquake rates are produced using a Bayesian change-point approach. The risk framework combines hazard with vulnerability of the exposure and is implemented at a regional level. We implement a stochastic Monte Carlo based approach for our hazard and risk assessments using OpenQuake-engine. We present an application of the framework for Oklahoma, employ a ground-motion prediction equation applicable for the state and perform regional risk assessment for repair cost on the entire state. We also perform sensitivity studies on hazard and regional risk assessments for impacts of earthquake activity rate, magnitude distribution, ground-motion prediction equations and exposure vulnerabilities. Regional risk quantification can support regulators and operators in developing effective risk mitigation measures, and the sensitivity analyses help decision-makers perform cost-benefit analyses of their decisions and are beneficial for prioritization of further research.
Synthesis and resolution of 2-arylalkyl-2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-N-arylalkyl-carboxamides. A new class of chiral sterically hindered tetrazole derivatives†

Chiral, racemic 2-arylalkyl-2-(tetrazol-5-yl)-N-arylalkylcarboxamides 3 were conveniently prepared from ethyl cyanoacetate in four steps. The synthetic methodology developed is a facile way of introducing bulky substituents into a peptide-like framework, affording intermediate α-arylalkyl-α-amidonitriles. These nitriles were sufficiently activated to give, upon treatment with ammonium azide in dimethylformamide at 145° for twenty-four to thirty hours, the corresponding tetrazoles in good yields. It has been determined that an optically pure α-arylalkyl-α-amidonitrile epimerized to give diastereomeric products under the above conditions. A procedure for the fractional crystallization of the (S)-(-)-α-methylbenzylamine salts 4 of the tetrazoles to give the optically enriched tetrazoles 5 was also developed.
Rubiacearum Americanarum Magna Hama Pars XLV: More New Species and Taxonomic Changes in Palicourea (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae) and Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria

Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm. has been shown by morphological and molecular analyses to be polyphyletic. Most of its species, including its type, belong to Palicourea Aubl. (“Pal.”). Thirty-two species of this group are reviewed here, and 17 species in Psychotria L. are transferred to Palicourea and one to Rudgea Salisb. Two replacement names, Pal. agudeloana C. M. Taylor and Pal. tabayensis C. M. Taylor, are published. Taxonomic studies here clarify circumscriptions of similar, often-confused species for several distinctive species groups found variously in Mesoamerica and the Andes: the Palicourea aschersonianoides group, the Palicourea galeottiana group, the Palicourea sulphurea group, and the Palicourea tristis group. Three new species of Palicourea are described: Pal. aschersonianula C. M. Taylor, Pal. gonzaleziana C. M. Taylor, and Pal. wachterae C. M. Taylor. Nineteen names are newly typified, and infrageneric classifications are noted for the species of Palicourea studied.
The role of founder populations in mapping complex disease genes: Studies in the South Dakota Hutterites

Founder populations are populations that are derived from a well-defined ancestral population with little admixture since their founding. Founder populations can be old and derived from a larger number of ancestors, such as the Finnish, Icelandic, Ashkenazi, and Sardinian populations, or young and derived from a much smaller number of founders, such as the Amish, Hutterites, and Tristan de Cunhans [1]. The latter group of founder populations is also inbred, i.e., the inbreeding coefficient is > 0 for nearly everyone in the population because all matings are consanguineous.
A reversible silicon-carbon bond cleavage process. Dynamics and reactivity of Cp*2Ru2(μ-CH2)(SiMe3)(μ-Cl)

The methylene/silyl complex Cp*[sub 2]Ru[sub 2]([mu]-CH[sub 2]) (SiMe[sub 3])([mu]-Cl), where Cp* = C[sub 5]Me[sub 5], has been prepared by alkylation of [Cp*RuCl][sub 4] with 1 equiv of Mg(CH[sub 2]SiMe[sub 3])[sub 2]; the product is formed via the unusual cleavage of the [alpha]-C-Si bond of the alkyl group. The presence of a bridging methylene ligand and a terminal trimethylsilyl ligand has been demonstrated by [sup 1]H and [sup 13]C NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by an X-ray single crystal structure determination. Variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy shows that this molecule undergoes two dynamic processes: the lower temperature process ([Delta]H[sup [double dagger]] = 9.0 [+-] 0.2 kcal mol[sup [minus]1], [Delta]S[sup [double dagger]] = 0.5 [+-] 0.8 cal mol[sup [minus]1] K[sup [minus]1]) involves hopping of the silyl ligand between the two ruthenium centers, whereas the higher temperature process ([Delta]H[sup [double dagger]] = 12.0 [+-] 0.3 kcal mol[sup [minus]1], [Delta]S[sup [double dagger]] = -7 [+-] 1 cal mol[sup [minus]1] K[sup [minus]1]) involves the reversible reformation of the C-Si bond between the silyl and methylene ligands. Further evidence that the C-Si bond can be re-formed rests on the observation that treatment of Cp*[sub 2]Ru[sub 2]([mu]-CH[sub 2])-(SiMe[sub 3])([mu]-Cl) with PMe[sub 3] or CO instantly gives the mononuclear Ru[sup II]more » products Cp*Ru(CH[sub 2]-SiMe[sub 3])L[sub 2] (2) and Cp*RuClL[sub 2] (3), in essentially quantitative yield. 67 refs., 5 figs., 6 tabs.« less
Racial/ethnic and class segregation at workplace and residence: A Los Angeles case study

Expanding the scope of existing segregation literature, this research compares racial/ethnic segregation across economic classes and class segregation across racial/ethnic groups at two anchor loca...
The Role of Prenatal Communication in Young Couples’ Depression and Relationship Security Across the Transition to Parenthood

Over the past 50 years, family structures have become more flexible. Unwed parenthood has become an important feature of our society, and most young parents want to have stable relationships, regardless of their marital status. This chapter examines young unmarried couples’ psychological and interpersonal risk and protective factors across the transition to parenthood, with a focus on predicting postpartum depression (PPD) and couples’ relationship security. We found that the risks for depression and relationship security were interrelated. For example, expectant mothers who reported prenatal depression were at increased risk for postpartum depression, but that risk was diminished if a mother’s relationship with the father of the child felt secure. Mothers were also at increased risk for postpartum depression if, during her pregnancy, both she and her partner engaged in high rates of hostility or low rates of warm communications. Additionally, analyses designed to assess if communication behaviors between young expectant parents moderated their adjustment to parenthood indicated that higher rates of hostile communication increased the risk for postpartum depression in mothers and increased the risk for relationship insecurity in fathers. Based on these findings, we make some recommendations regarding a relationship-focused approach to perinatal care.
Verbal mediation of theory of mind in verbal adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

This study tests the role of verbal mediation during theory of mind processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Adolescents with ASD or typical development completed a false belief task while sim...
Cytogenomic aberrations in isolated multicystic dysplastic kidney in children.

Background Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a common form of congenital kidney anomaly. The cause of MCDK is unknown. We investigated whether MCDK in children is linked to cytogenomic aberrations. Methods We conducted array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in ten unrelated children with MCDK. The pattern of inheritance was determined by real-time PCR in patients and their biological parents. Results Pathogenic aberrations were detected in three patients: a deletion at 7p14.3 with a size of 2.07 Mb housing 12 genes, including BBS9 (Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9) and BMPER (BMP binding endothelial regulator); a duplication at 16p13.11p12.3 with a size of 3.28 Mb that included >20 genes; and monosomy X for a female patient. The deletion at 7p14.3 was inherited from the patient's father, while the duplication at 16p13.11p12.3 was derived from the patient's mother. Conclusions Up to 30% of patients with MCDK possess cytogenomic aberrations. BBS9 and BMPER variants have been reported to result in cystic kidney dysplasia, suggesting a possible pathogenic function for the deletion at 7p14.3 in children with MCDK. The duplication at 16p13.11p12.3 was not reported previously to associate with MCDK. Both variations were inherited from parents, indicating hereditary contributions in MCDK. Thus, aCGH is an informative tool to unravel the pathogenic mechanisms of MCDK. Impact Cytogenomic aberrations are common in children with MCDK. Cytogenomic aberrations are inherited from parents, indicating hereditary contributions in MCDK. aCGH is a valuable tool to reveal pathogenic mechanisms of MCDK.
Abstract 049: De Novo Postpartum Hypertension In A Safety-net Hospital: Incidence And Risk Factors

Introduction: Postpartum hypertension can be persistent, following a pregnancy complicated by hypertension, or new onset (de novo), following a normotensive pregnancy. The postpartum period is trad...
Scoping Review of Textbooks for Medical Spanish Education.

Despite medical Spanish program proliferation to teach clinicians the language skills to communicate effectively with Spanish-speaking patients, course material selection remains a challenge. We conducted a scoping review to systematically identify medical Spanish textbooks, evaluate utility, and identify gaps. On average, language reviewers scored books lower than medical reviewers. Medical and language professionals present complementary perspectives to evaluating medical Spanish educational materials.
A combined tracer/evapotranspiration model approach estimates plant water uptake in native and non-native shrub-steppe communities

Abstract Here we test an experimental approach that produces estimates of the location, timing and extent of water uptake by individual plant species in the field. A tracer injection experiment was used to estimate the proportion of active roots across soil depths. These proportions were multiplied by species-specific estimates of evapotranspiration. This approach was repeated in early- and late-season conditions in adjacent native- and non-native-dominated shrub-steppe plant communities. Resulting estimates of water uptake by depth were compared to soil water content. Both communities contained a dominant plant that relied on shallow (i.e., 0–10) soil water, a sub-dominant that relied on deep- (i.e., 90 + cm) soil water and a second sub-dominant that used late-season pulses of shallow water. Combining tracer uptake with evapotranspiration estimates indicated that non-natives removed nearly twice the amount of water early in the season as natives, especially from shallow depths. This was consistent with measures of soil moisture. However, modeled estimates of root water uptake were not always consistent with measurements of soil moisture. Despite the intensive sampling conducted in this study, future use of this approach will require more complete tracer sampling of the plant species present and improved estimation of evapotranspiration in sparse, diverse plant canopies.
A Model of Brokers? Trading, with Applications to Order Flow Internalization, Insider Trading and Off-Exchange Stock Sales

Multiple informed traders and noise traders pay fees to trade through multiple brokers. Brokers may trade with their customers in the same transaction (called simultaneous dual trading) or trade after their customers in a separate transaction (called consecutive dual trading). Since brokers? fees are competitively determined, they are indifferent between simultaneous and consecutive dual trading. If the number of brokers exceeds the number of informed traders, then informed traders prefer consecutive dual trading, and allocate their orders to one broker. If the number of brokers is less than the number of informed traders, informed traders prefer simultaneous dual trading in markets with many brokers and informed traders and allocate their orders to all available brokers. Noise traders always prefer consecutive dual trading, and market depth and price informativeness are always higher with consecutive dual trading. We use our model to study order flow internalization by broker-dealers. Finally, interpreting brokers as follow-on traders, we discuss off-exchange stock sales and explain certain puzzling results related to insider trading events.
An Examination of the MMPI-2-RF (Restructured Form) With the MMPI-2 and MCMI-III of Child Custody Litigants

Psychologists have become increasingly involved with child custody evaluations. These evaluations involve a variety of psychometric instruments, such as the MMPI-2 and MCMI-III, to assess parental fitness. Studies examining psychometric instruments in the child custody context have addressed the MMPI-2 and MCMI-III individually; however, test-taking attitudes across multiple measures have been limited. The present study compared the MCMI-III with the MMPI-2-RF in a sample of 49 child custody litigants, as well as examined how the sample performed on the MMPI-2-RF. Significant correlations were found between MMPI-2-RF Validity Scale L-r, MCMI-III Modifying Index Y, MMPI-2-RF Scale RC9, and MCMI-III Scale 5. Results also showed consistency between T score elevations typically found on MMPI-2 Validity Scales L and K with scales L-r and K-r on the MMPI-2-RF. Mean T scores for the RC Scales demonstrated lower elevations than have been shown with the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales in samples of child custody litigants.
Insulin and glucose responses during bed rest with isotonic and isometric exercise

The effects of daily intensive isotonic (68% maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max)) and isometric (21% maximum extension force) leg exercise on plasma insulin and glucose responses to an oral glucose tol...
Functionally active t1-t1 interfaces revealed by the accessibility of intracellular thiolate groups in kv4 channels.

Gating of voltage-dependent K+ channels involves movements of membrane-spanning regions that control the opening of the pore. Much less is known, however, about the contributions of large intracellular channel domains to the conformational changes that underlie gating. Here, we investigated the functional role of intracellular regions in Kv4 channels by probing relevant cysteines with thiol-specific reagents. We find that reagent application to the intracellular side of inside-out patches results in time-dependent irreversible inhibition of Kv4.1 and Kv4.3 currents. In the absence or presence of Kv4-specific auxiliary subunits, mutational and electrophysiological analyses showed that none of the 14 intracellular cysteines is essential for channel gating. C110, C131, and C132 in the intersubunit interface of the tetramerization domain (T1) are targets responsible for the irreversible inhibition by a methanethiosulfonate derivative (MTSET). This result is surprising because structural studies of Kv4-T1 crystals predicted protection of the targeted thiolate groups by constitutive high-affinity Zn2+ coordination. Also, added Zn2+ or a potent Zn2+ chelator (TPEN) does not significantly modulate the accessibility of MTSET to C110, C131, or C132; and furthermore, when the three critical cysteines remained as possible targets, the MTSET modification rate of the activated state is ∼200-fold faster than that of the resting state. Biochemical experiments confirmed the chemical modification of the intact α-subunit and the purified tetrameric T1 domain by MTS reagents. These results conclusively demonstrate that the T1–T1 interface of Kv4 channels is functionally active and dynamic, and that critical reactive thiolate groups in this interface may not be protected by Zn2+ binding.
Determination of the speed of light by absolute wavelength measurement of the R(14) line of the CO2 9.4-Mum band and the known frequency of this line.

A precision long-arm scanning Michelson interferometer system is described that is capable of measuring absolute laser wavelength to within several parts in 109 in the 10-μm spectral range and to within several parts in 1011 in the visible range. The R(14) line of the CO2 9.4-μm band is measured to be 9.305 385 613 (70) μm. This measured value and the known frequency of this line give a value for the speed of light: c = 299 792 457.6 (2.2) m/sec, in agreement with the recent independent measurements of c and its recommended value.
Predictors of sexual coercion and alcohol use among female juvenile offenders.

Female juvenile offenders report high rates of sexual coercion and substance use, yet the temporal relationship between the two remains unclear. The focus of this study was to conduct a prospective examination of predictors of sexual coercion and substance use for a group of high-risk young women. Two hundred and forty five adolescent females (34 % of a sample including males and females), between the ages of 14–17, and from a larger study of juvenile offenders, were recruited from juvenile probation offices to participate in a longitudinal study on substance use and sexual risk. At baseline, participants completed measures associated with increased risk for sexual coercion, including substance use, perceived relationship control, and externalizing behavior. At 6- and 24-month follow-up, participants also completed a measure assessing sexually coercive experiences. Path analysis revealed that less relationship control at baseline predicted sexual coercion at 6-months. Additionally, 6-month sexual coercion predicted alcohol use and sexual coercion at 24-month follow-up. Logistic regression analysis revealed also that alcohol use at 6-months predicted sexual revictimization at 24-months. Sexual coercion appears to be associated with subsequent increases in alcohol use, suggesting that female juvenile offenders may be using alcohol to cope with the psychological and emotional consequences of victimization. Alcohol use is linked to increased risk for repeat sexual coercion, suggesting that exposure to risky environments also may be important in understanding these girls’ risk. Difficulties responding assertively in sexual relationships (i.e., low relationship control) also seem to increase female juvenile offenders’ risk for sexual coercion. Finally, previous sexual coercion appears to increase risk for future victimization, highlighting the importance of early intervention for this at-risk group.
An explanation of natural forest dieback based on the “pipe model” analogy

A decade of investigation of stand-level dieback ofmetrosideros in the Hawaiian montane rain forests has led to the theory that one of the major underlying causes is cohort senescence. A literature review shows that while there is little evidence of a senescence mechanism in polycarpic trees, the low vigor associated with the senescent state is correlated with a declining balance of photosynthesis to respiration. Specific Leaf Burden (SLB, cm3 of sapwood per g of leaf mass) is here defined as an index of respiring to photosynthesizing tissue. Using the assumptions of the pipe model theory, it is shown that SLB increases with stem elongation and is independent of tree diameter. Thus, the trees of a cohort that are the same height although variable in diameter will have the same carbon balance, as indexed by the SLB, and could be expected to decline synchronously, as stands ofMetrosideros do. Changes in growth patterns, deviating from the pipe model, that minimize the SLB as trees grow larger are identified. Research undertaken to test the assumptions of the pipe model and the conclusion of uniform SLB in a cohort of agingMetrosideros is described.
Search for nucleon resonances of mass up to 8.5 GeV

Abstract Missing mass spectra were obtained by measuring recoil protons from the reaction p+p→p+X in the Jacobian peak region. Data were taken during the acceleration ramp of the Fermilab machine using an internal hydrogen gas jet target. We observe the well known N∗(1688) and N∗(2190) resonances but no significant structures at higher mass.
Anatomic and functional correlates of intercoronary collateral vessels

Abstract One hundred eighty-one patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease were investigated. Thirty-nine patients (21.5 percent) were found to have demonstrable intercoronary collateral vessels. Collateral vessels were seen only when occlusion of the luminal diameter of at least 1 vessel exceeded 75 percent. There was an increasing incidence of collateral vessels as the extent of coronary artery disease increased from 1- to 4-vessel involvement. Collateral vessels afforded no protection against myocardial ischemia as measured by treadmill stress test when the study group was compared with patients without collateral vessels whose disease was equally severe and at least as extensive.
Quantum dynamics of ArI2→Ar+I2

Abstract Wavepacket calculations are reported for vibrational predissociation on a model potential surface for ArI2(B). Initial I2 vibrational excitations ν′ = 18 and 21 are examined and the results compared with experiment. Closely spaced resonances are found to influence the theoretical dynamics.
In vitro monitoring of total choline levels in a bioartificial pancreas: (1)H NMR spectroscopic studies of the effects of oxygen level.

This investigation implements specifically designed solvent-suppressed adiabatic pulses whose properties make possible the long-term monitoring of (1)H NMR detectable metabolites from alginate/poly-l-lysine/alginate (APA)-encapsulated betaTC3 cells. Our encapsulated preparations were maintained in a perfusion bioreactor for periods exceeding 30 days. During this prolonged cultivation period, the cells were exposed to repetitive hypoxic episodes of 4 and 24 h. The ratio of the total choline signal (3.20 ppm) to the reference signal (observed at 0.94 ppm assigned to isoleucine, leucine, and valine) decreased by 8-10% for the 4-h and by 20-32% for the 24-h episodes and returned to its prehypoxic level upon reoxygenation. The decrease in the mean value of total choline to reference signal ratio for three 4-h and two 24-h episodes in two different cultures was highly significant (P<0.01). The rate of recovery by this ratio was slower than the rates of recovery by oxygen consumption, lactate production, or glucose consumption. A step-up in oxygen level led to a new, higher value for the total choline to reference ratio. From spectra of extracts at 400 MHz, it was determined that 63.6% of the total choline signal is due to intracellular phosphorylcholine. Therefore, it is inferred that the observed changes in total choline signal are linked to an oxygen level dependence of the intracellular phosphorylcholine. Several possible mechanisms in which oxygen may influence phosphorylcholine metabolism are suggested. In addition, the implications of these findings to the development of a noninvasive monitoring method for tissue-engineered constructs composed of encapsulated cells are discussed.
Damage Identification of Ground Vehicle Through Passive Probing of Suspension Damping

While active suspension systems have been shown to be effective in the real-time optimization of vehicle ride and handling, these systems also present a means for damage detection and condition monitoring. This research demonstrates the ability to detect damage in a ground vehicle by passively tuning a suspension system to systematically alter the suspension parameters in order to probe the vehicle system response. By modulating the suspension parameters at a particular corner of the vehicle, or combinations of corners, selected operational modes of the sprung and unsprung masses were accentuated providing an increased ability to detect and locate damage in certain vehicle components. The experimental data demonstrates that the ability to detect damage is increased by an average of 71 % for the seven damage conditions that are tested with the passive probing technique. Theoretical and experimental data are also presented that demonstrate the potential of the passive probing concept to increase the ability to locate and quantify damage. The ability to detect vehicle damage during operation could contribute to improved safety and enable condition-based maintenance for reduced life cycle cost.
s-Step Krylov Subspace Methods as Bottom Solvers for Geometric Multigrid

Geometric multigrid solvers within adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) applications often reach a point where further coarsening of the grid becomes impractical as individual sub domain sizes approach unity. At this point the most common solution is to use a bottom solver, such as BiCGStab, to reduce the residual by a fixed factor at the coarsest level. Each iteration of BiCGStab requires multiple global reductions (MPI collectives). As the number of BiCGStab iterations required for convergence grows with problem size, and the time for each collective operation increases with machine scale, bottom solves in large-scale applications can constitute a significant fraction of the overall multigrid solve time. In this paper, we implement, evaluate, and optimize a communication-avoiding s-step formulation of BiCGStab (CABiCGStab for short) as a high-performance, distributed-memory bottom solver for geometric multigrid solvers. This is the first time s-step Krylov subspace methods have been leveraged to improve multigrid bottom solver performance. We use a synthetic benchmark for detailed analysis and integrate the best implementation into BoxLib in order to evaluate the benefit of a s-step Krylov subspace method on the multigrid solves found in the applications LMC and Nyx on up to 32,768 cores on the Cray XE6 at NERSC. Overall, we see bottom solver improvements of up to 4.2x on synthetic problems and up to 2.7x in real applications. This results in as much as a 1.5x improvement in solver performance in real applications.
An Important Role for Protein Kinase C-δ in Human Keratinocyte Migration on Dermal Collagen

Migration of human keratinocytes plays a critical role in the re-epithelialization of human skin wounds, the process by which the wound bed is resurfaced and closed by keratinocytes as it forms a new epidermis. While the importance of ECM components and serum factors in the regulation of keratinocytes motility is well established, the intracellular signaling mechanisms remain fragmentary. In this study, we investigated the role of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) signaling in the promotion of human keratinocyte migration by a collagen matrix and bovine pituitary extract. We found that pharmacological inhibition of the PKCδ pathway completely blocks migration. Using a lentivirus-based vector system, which offers more than 90% gene transduction efficiency to human keratinocytes, we show that the kinase-defective mutant of PKCδ (K376R) dramatically inhibits human keratinocyte migration. Furthermore, PKCδ is activated in migrating human keratinocytes. These observations indicate for the first time that the PKCδ pathway plays an important role in the control of human keratinocyte migration.
African Americans and diabetes: Spiritual role of the health care provider in self‐management

How African Americans with type 2 diabetes perceive the spiritual role of health care providers (HCPs) and the effects of that role on self-management was explored using a qualitative descriptive analysis. The sample consisted of 29 African American men and women ages 40-75 with type 2 diabetes and 5 ministers of African American churches. A spiritual relationship with their health provider was important in helping participants manage their diabetes. Three typologies from a parent study were expanded with a focus in this extended study on the meaning ascribed to spiritual relationships with providers and the impact of these relationships on self-management. Care perceived as spiritual may be an important component of providing culturally sensitive health care to African Americans and may facilitate their self-management.
Traumatic brain injury and its effects on synaptic plasticity

Animal models have been used to simulate the effects of human head trauma. Some of these models have been further utilized to explore how trauma affects specific mechanisms of synaptic plasticity, a cellular model for memory consolidation. Unfortunately, these studies have been more limited in number in spite of their importance for understanding alterations in synaptic plasticity and memory impairments in trauma patients. Research in this area includes well characterized trauma models, genetically engineered animals and neuroprotective studies. One largely ignored but important idea that is entertained here is that trauma may be a crucial aetiological factor for the loss of potassium homeostasis. Moreover, high extracellular potassium has been shown to promote abnormal expression of hippocampal synaptic plasticity due to K + -induced glutamate release, thus showing important relationships among trauma, glia, potassium and synaptic plasticity. Collectively, this mini review surveys investigations of head ...