cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THORACIC RADIOGRAPHY IN THE NEONATAL FOAL: A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Thoracic radiographs from 22 neonatal foals were reviewed to investigate the radiographic appearance of the thorax in normal, immature, and septicemic foals, and in foals with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. The size and radiographic appearance of intrathoracic structures and abnormal lung opacities were evaluated. The craniocaudal and apicobasilar dimensions of the heart were 5.6–6.3 and 6.7–7.8 times the length of a midthoracic vetebral body, respectively, in normal, immature and septicemic foals. Apicobasilar measurements were greater (8.0–8.7) in the foals with respiratory distress syndrome. Normal foals had clear lung fields within 12 hours of birth. A more marked interstitial pattern was observed in immature and septicemic foals compared to normals. Diffuse air–space (alveolar) pattern with air bronchograms was seen in foals with respiratory distress syndrome. It was concluded from this series that thoracic radiographs taken 24–48 hours after birth may aid differentiation of normal foals, septicemic or immature foals, and foals with respiratory distress syndrome.
The role of analogy in reports of presque vu: Does reporting the presque vu state signal the near retrieval of a source analogy?

Prior research with four-part analogies suggests that people can detect that a novel word pair (e.g., “beaver:dam”) maps analogically onto a pair in memory (e.g., “robin:nest”) despite being unable to retrieve the pair from memory that is driving that detection. The present study demonstrates that the same type of detection during retrieval failure can occur when a story is used at test to illustrate a common aphorism that failed to be retrieved from an earlier list (e.g., “The squeaky wheel gets the grease” or “A watched pot never boils”). Given that prior research has suggested that analogy is related to insight, the present study also examined if such analogical detection during retrieval failure is related to the sense of presque vu, which is a term used to describe the subjective sense of an impending insight or discovery. Reports of presque vu during retrieval failure were associated with higher familiarity ratings. Participants were most likely to report presque vu after failing to identify the aph...
New thermodynamically consistent competitive adsorption isotherm in RPLC

Abstract A new equation of competitive isotherms was derived in the framework of the ideal adsorbed solution (IAS) that predicts multisolute adsorption isotherms from single-solute isotherms. The IAS theory makes this new isotherm thermodynamically consistent, whatever the saturation capacities of these single-component isotherms. On a Kromasil-C18 column, with methanol–water (80/20 v/v) as the mobile phase, the best single-solute adsorption isotherm of both toluene and ethylbenzene is the liquid–solid extended multilayer BET isotherm. Despite a significant difference between the monolayer capacities of toluene (370 g/l) and ethylbenzene (170 g/l), the experimental adsorption data fit very well to single-component isotherms exhibiting the same capacities (200 g/l). The new competitive model was used for the modeling of the elution band profiles of mixtures of the two compounds. Excellent agreement between experimental and calculated profiles was observed, suggesting that the behavior of the toluene–ethylbenzene adsorbed phase on the stationary phase is close to ideal. For example, the concentrations measured for the intermediate plateau obtained in frontal analysis differ by less than 2% from those predicted by the IAS model.
A generic persistent object store

Persistent programming systems have demonstrated the benefits of abstracting over the implementation details related to the storage and manipulation of long-term data. In particular, programming systems in which persistence is provided as an orthogonal property of all data types have been used to produce cost-effective implementations of applications such as integrated programming support environments. In this paper, we describe a generic architecture that supports persistent programming. In particular, the provision of an object store is highlighted, outlining its design aims and resultant structure. The application of the architecture in a wide variety of programming paradigms is reported.
Bulging fontanelle after immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus vaccine.

A propos de 9 cas de bombement de la fontanelle apres vaccination DT ou DTC, et bien qu'une relation de cause a effet ne puisse encore etre affirmee, les praticiens devraient etre avertis de ce phenomene et communiquer les cas qu'ils pourraient eventuellement rencontrer
Pattern of interhemispheric synchronization in HVc during singing correlates with key transitions in the song pattern.

Many complex voluntary behaviors require that motor commands be tightly coordinated between cerebral hemispheres. The neural mechanisms underlying such coordination, however, remain poorly understo...
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: Review of Treatment Options

Decisions regarding appropriate antibiotic therapy for treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are complicated by an incomplete understanding of the syndrome. Further, the lack of data on laparoscopic diagnosis and cure of PID severely limits our ability to interpret data on therapy outcome. Validation studies of the treatment regimens recommended by the Centers for Disease Control in the 1985 treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) suggest that both the cefoxitin/doxycycline and clindamycin/aminoglycoside combination regimens result in consistently high rates of clinical evidence of cure. The 1989 STD treatment guidelines were based on these studies and on available data regarding newer treatment regimens. Empiric, broad-spectrum therapy remains the treatment of choice. The two regimens recommended for inpatient therapy in 1989 are similar to those recommended in 1985. The recommendation for management of ambulatory patients has been substantially changed, however, because of increasing resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an oftenserious consequence of gonococcal and chlamydial infection. An estimated 1 million women in the United States are treated each year for this condition, and at least one-fourth of these women will suffer one or more serious sequelae, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and major abdominal/pelvic surgery. It has been estimated that the cost of these sequelae will be $3.5 billion per year [1] by 1990. Since the early 1970s, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has recommended therapeutic regimens for PID as part of the treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In this report we will review the current understanding of PID as a clinical syndrome, the 1985 CDC recommendations and their rationale, and the advances that have been made in the understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of PID since 1985. We will also make further recommendations for PID treatment regimens.
Civil Engineering Project Management Game: Teaching with Simulation

The increased cost and complexity of many construction projects have enhanced the importance of project management in the construction industry. Industry and government now seek managerial as well as technical capabilities in the engineers they employ. However, civil and construction engineering students often have few opportunities for exposure to the conceptual and practical issues involved with project management. This paper describes a game that was developed to simulate the management of a design and construction project, and discusses how the game was used to teach project management to civil engineering students at Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pa.
Cultural differences in brand designs and tagline appeals

Purpose – The objective of this study is to explore general cross‐cultural differences in corporate visual identity between the USA and Korea, and to apply Trompenaars' specific versus diffuse dimension to brand‐logos and taglines in the two countries.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of the brand‐logos and taglines from the top 100 companies in each country were content analysed for research objectives.Findings – The results indicate that Korean brands are generally more diffusive than those in the USA. Specifically, Korean brand‐logos tend to use more abstract and symbolic creative designs than those of the US, and the contents of Korean brand taglines contain more additional values than those in the USA.Research limitations/implications – The findings suggest the explanation power of new cultural dimensions for academic researchers and the importance of localised corporate identity strategies for international marketers.Originality/value – Because little is known about the differences between comp...
Activation of metal hydride complexes by tri-tert-butylphosphine-platinum and -palladium groups.

The compounds HM(CO)4SnPh3, M = Os (10), Ru (11) are activated in the presence of Pt(PBut3)2 and Pd(PBut3)2 toward the insertion of PhC2H into the M−H bond. The compounds PtOs(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBut3)[μ-HCC(H)Ph], 12, and PtOs(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBut3)[μ-H2CCPh], 13, were obtained from the reaction of 10 with PhC2H in the presence of Pt(PBut3)2. Compounds 12 and 13 are isomers containing alkenyl ligands formed by the insertion of the PhC2H molecule into the Os−H bond at both the substituted and unsubstituted carbon atoms of the alkyne. Both compounds contain a Pt(PBut3) group that is bonded to the osmium atom and a bridging alkenyl ligand that is π-bonded to the osmium atom. The reaction of 11 with PhC2H in the presence of Pt(PBut3)2 yielded the products PtRu(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBut3)[μ-HC2(H)Ph], 14, and PtRu(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBut3)[μ-H2C2Ph], 15, which are also isomers similar to 12 and 13. The reaction of 11 with PhC2H in the presence of Pd(PBut3)2 yielded the product PdRu(CO)4(SnPh3)(PBut3)[μ-H2C2Ph], 16. Compound 16 contains...
X-ray production ˜ 13 nm from laser-produced plasmas for projection x-ray lithography applications.

X-ray production in the region ~ 13 nm from laser-produced plasmas has been investigated as a source for projection x-ray lithography. The dependence of x-ray conversion efficiency on target material, intensity, and pulse length has been studied by using a 0.53-μm laser with a maximum of 0.3 J. A conversion efficiency of 1% into a 0.3-nm bandwidth has been demonstrated for Sn targets at intensities of ~ 1011 W/cm2 by using a 7.5-ns pulse. Intensity scaling suggests that laser spot size and two-dimensional expansion are important for optimizing x-ray production at these low-irradiation intensities.
Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome disguised as mental illness

Our case acts to highlight the numerous presentations of polyglandular autoimmune syndromes. A 62-year-old Taiwanese woman with a history of schizophrenia presented to our emergency department with a brain tumour causing her headaches. She was admitted due to severe anaemia, and after further investigation, the patient was discovered to have pernicious anaemia and autoimmune thyroiditis—consistent with the diagnosis of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome IIIb. Her underlying primary psychiatric diagnosis was then questioned. The diagnosis of her endocrinopathies were likely delayed for many years due to the psychiatric disorder which may have been due to her long-standing autoimmune hypothyroidism and/or vitamin B12 deficiency. Initial treatment brought about major behavioural improvement, and encourages physicians to investigate secondary causes of psychosis and other coexisting autoimmune diseases when a patient presents with one endocrinopathy.
A modification of the momentum transport hypothesis

A continuous velocity distribution is derived which is based on an arbitrary modification of Prandtl's mixing length expression. The resulting velocity distribution agrees well with experiments for transition and fully developed turbulent flow throughout the entire cross section of the conduit. Furthermore the mixing length expression applies to parallel flow in smooth circular tubes and between infinite parallel plates with the same set of constants.
Pancreas transplant alone.

Purpose of review The present article aims to review the current state of diabetes, including its treatment options, and highlight current issues in pancreas transplantation. Recent findings Compared with other areas of transplantation, pancreas transplant/transplantation alone in the absence of kidney disease remains a relatively small field. As a consequence, reported new research articles are few in number, and often data regarding pancreas transplant/transplantation alone are mixed in with simultaneous kidney-pancreas and pancreas after kidney transplantation, which are covered separately. The prevalence of diabetes is reaching epidemic levels and continues to increase. New developments in diabetes care include the bionic pancreas and immunotherapy. Persistent efforts at gene and stem cell therapies are ongoing. Pancreas transplantation outcomes are improving, yet numbers are declining, even though pancreas transplantation still offers the most optimal glycemic control. Summary Pancreas transplantation has improving outcomes but stands in competition with other diabetes management options.
FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGIC STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ORINASE ON THE PANCREAS1,2

The effect of Orinase on the blood sugar concentration of rabbits and partially pancreatectomized dogs treated with adrenal steroids and⁄or growth hormone was correlated with the morphologic alterations in the pancreas. Concomitant with increasing severity and duration of the diabetic state increasing numbers of animals failed to show significant hypoglycemia after a test dose of the sulfonylurea. It was also found, with one exception, that in those diabetic animals, whose beta cells were completely degranulated, no hypoglycemia was observed after Orinase. Furthermore, dogs with metahypophyseal diabetes also failed to respond. When complete beta cell degranulation occurs in diabetes, produced by experimentally increasing the demand for insulin, it can be assumed that the pancreas is putting out insulin at maximal capacity, and has lost its insulinogenic reserve. On the other hand, metahypophyseal diabetes is an insulin deficiency syndrome due to degenerative changes in beta cells. The ineffectiveness of O...
Fetendo-clip: A fetal endoscopic tracheal clip procedure in a human fetus

Fetal tracheal occlusion accelerates lung growth and corrects the often fatal pulmonary hypoplasia seen in fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Fetoscopy presents a unique opportunity to glimpse into the world of the fetus, but its use, until recently, has been limited to diagnostic and simple procedures. Using fetoscopic techniques ("Fetendo"), we now report successful tracheal occlusion in a 30-week-old fetus for the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
Pulmonary artery obstruction with fibrosing mediastinitis

A 48-year-old female was found to have fibrosing mediastinitis with pulmonary artery obstruction 4 years after an episode of right upper lobe pulmonary infarction. Biopsy material from the right upper lobe obtained at the time of the initial episode suggested venous obstruction. Acquired pulmonary artery occlusion secondary to fibrosing mediastinitis is a rare entity. This patient and twelve other reported cases are contrasted.
Ash whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) overwintering and biological control by Encarsia inaron (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in northern California

The ash whitefly, Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday), was introduced into northern California in 1989–1990. It developed through two or more generations from fall through spring (overwinter) on toyon, Heteromeles arbutifolia Roemer, a native broadleaf evergreen shrub. In spring, whiteflies migrated to ash, Fraxinus velutina Torrey, and other deciduous hosts; whiteflies were absent or not detected on toyon during each of the three summers from 1990 to 1992. Ash whitefly densities were increasing before natural enemy introductions. About 98% of ash leaves were infested in 1991 (before establishment of introduced natural enemies) in comparison with <1% of leaves infested in 1992 (after natural enemy establishment).Whitefly densities declined by two to four orders of magnitude on both ash and toyon after the introduction and establishment of Encarsia inaron (Walker) (= partellopea ) and Clitostethus arcuatus (Rossi) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). E. inaron is apparently the more important species. Unlike ash whitefly, which must migrate from deciduous hosts to overwinter on evergreen plants, E. inaron can survive the deciduous host–free period as adults or by slowly developing as immatures on fallen ash leaves, as well as by parasitizing whiteflies on evergreen plants. Biological control may be enhanced because overwintering parasiloids can already be present in the deciduous–host (ash) habitat when whiteflies migrate from toyon back to ash during the spring.
“Aggregation” phenomenon and some ephedrine isomers

Experiments have shown that three ephedrine isomers, D(−) ephedrine, L(+) ephedrine, and D(−) pseudoephedrine, are significantly more lethal to grouped versus isolated mice. The magnitude of this effect is considerably less than that observed with racemic amphetamine. A fourth isomer, L(+) pseudoephedrine, did not demonstrate this phenomenon.
A high speed high precision microphotometer

A microphotometer of new design has been constructed with careful attention to rigidity of mounting and reliability of measurements. The light from a straight filament lamp is condensed on a fore-slit by an f : 1.5 lens without cemented combinations. The fore-slit is imaged on the spectrum plate by a lens combination having an effective aperture of f : 0.75. To avoid further lens losses, a shadow projection on a barrier layer photo-cell is used. The rigidity and precision of adjustment necessary for the use of lenses of such extreme aperture is provided by mounting the optics in an internally threaded brass tube, which is secured to the massive base by a flange, while the spectrum plate is clamped in a suitable frame, mounted on accurate slides. A motor-drive, engaging through a pedal operated clutch, provides a constant speed of traverse, independent of operator technique. A novel method is used for viewing the part of the spectrum under investigation. The wide aperture optical system transmits sufficient light to permit the use of a critically damped galvanometer, with a period of one and one-third seconds. At operating speeds which permit the maximum deflection to be observed accurately, no appreciable galvanometer lag is experienced. Readings of the opacities of five or six preselected lines may be made in one minute, with an error not exceeding one percent. The instrument has the speed and accuracy needed for routine production control work by quantitative spectrographic analysis.
High pressure homogenization to improve the stability of casein-hydroxypropyl cellulose aqueous systems

The effect of high pressure homogenization on the improvement of the stability hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and micellar casein was investigated. HPC with two molecular weights (80 and 1150 kDa) and micellar casein were mixed in water to a concentration leading to phase separation (0.45% w/v HPC and 3% w/v casein) and immediately subjected to high pressure homogenization ranging from 0 to 300 MPa, in 100 MPa increments. The various dispersions were evaluated for stability, particle size, turbidity, protein content, and viscosity over a period of two weeks and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) at the end of the storage period. The stability of casein–HPC complexes was enhanced with the increasing homogenization pressure, especially for the complex containing high molecular weight HPC. The apparent particle size of complexes was reduced from ∼200 nm to ∼130 nm when using 300 MPa, corresponding to the sharp decrease of absorbance when compared to the non-homogenized controls. High pressure homogenization reduced the viscosity of HPC–casein complexes regardless of the molecular weight of HPC and STEM imagines revealed aggregates consistent with nano-scale protein polysaccharide interactions.
Ensuring the constancy of the chemical potential within the local-density approximation for exchange and correlation: Implications for near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure

We investigate the correct implementation of the exchange-correlation potential for the excited core electron in near-edge x-ray-absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). We examine the effects on NEXAFS spectra of the ground-state Slater and excited-state Dirac-Hara exchange potentials and current implementations of the Hedin-Lundqvist exchange-correlation potential on the muffin-tin model. For a test case of gas-phase acetylene, we find good agreement with prior experimental spectra only with the Hedin-Lundqvist potential implemented on the local-density approximation with a Thomas-Fermi-like requirement of constancy of the chemical potential.
A quantitative evaluation of gloves used with non-powered hand tools in routine maintenance tasks

Non-powered hand tools are a major means of carrying out routine maintenance and repair activities. The use of gloves in such situations is essential in order to protect the hands from potential injuries. Together, the gloves and hand tools accomplish the task by transmitting the muscle force on to the workpiece. Several studies have reported that the capability of hands to exert force/torque is severely influenced by the use of gloves. The use of gloves could also lead to a cumulative trauma disorder, rapid onset of muscular fatigue, etc. Most previous studies have focused on determining the influence of gloves on grip strength or push/pull forces one would exert while using devices such as knives. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of a variety of commercially available gloves on the force/torque exertion capability of workers with wrenches and screwdrivers that are commonly used in performing routine maintenance and repairs. Nineteen males participated in the study and, using seven different hand tools and nine varieties of commercial gloves, exerted peak volitional torques on a simulated workpiece. The peak torque and electromyogram of flexor and extensor muscles were recorded. The results indicated that muscle activity did not differ significantly between the glove and no-glove conditions and the peak torque exertion capability of individuals generally increased with gloves. The magnitude of torque exerted on the workpiece was different for different gloves. The results also contradict some of the previously reported findings.
Validation of local venous sampling within the at risk left anterior descending artery vascular bed in the canine left ventricle

The validity of using blood sampled from the anterior interventricular vein (AIV), anatomically located within the myocardium perfused by the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, to represent venous drainage originating from the LAD vascular territory was studied in eight anaesthetised, open chest dogs. The LAD was cannulated and perfused from a blood reservoir isolated from the systemic circulation. To determine the presence of blood from non-LAD sources that appears in the AIV sample, 51Cr-labelled red blood cells were injected into the left atrium and distributed in the systemic circulation while the LAD was perfused by non-radioactive blood. The percentage spillover of red blood cells from non-LAD sources into the AIV drainage was determined under control, reduced LAD flow, ischaemia, and reperfusion conditions as 100 × (AIV chromium content/arterial chromium content). Spillover of red blood cells into AIV blood samples averaged only 1.5(1.3)% under control conditions and increased insignificantly to 8.6(3.5)% during reduced LAD flow. During ischaemia red blood cells in AIV blood increased significantly to 98.3(5.0)% but decreased to 1.9(1.3)% after reperfusion. Studies in five dogs with microspheres showed that a portion of this admixture from non-LAD sources originated from precapillary nutritional collateral or overlapping blood flow. It is concluded that (a) blood sampled from the anterior interventricular vein accurately reflects venous drainage originating almost exclusively from myocardium perfused by the LAD under normal and low flow conditions and (b) reperfusion after transient ischaemia does not change the unique origin of AIV blood. This technique may therefore be used reliably to assess oxygen utilisation and metabolic variables in the myocardium perfused by the LAD.
Density functional theory description of excited-state intramolecular proton transfer

Abstract Enol to keto conversion in the lowest excited states of three different systems with similar OCCNN backbone structures is examined within density functional theory. Excited state proton transfer occurs both within the local spin density approximation and with gradient corrections. The latter approach provides an improved description of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and yield results in reasonable agreement with previous ab initio calculations for small model systems and with experiments for practical benzotriazole photostabilizers.
Extensional fault-propagation folding in mechanically layered rocks: The case against the frictional drag mechanism

Abstract “Fault drag” (deflection of beds or other markers into folds that are convex in the direction of relative slip) is often interpreted as the product of frictional sliding along a fault and progressive tilting of beds with increased amount of displacement along a fault. We analyze two sets of normal faults, with throws ranging from 0.5 m to 5 m, and associated fault-related folds in mechanically layered upper Cretaceous carbonate, anhydrite, and shale in central Texas. For each fault set, we interpret the fault displacement and fault-related folds exposed in outcrop to represent different stages in the developmental sequence. In both fault sets, faults in dolostone or limestone lose displacement and tip into less competent anhydrite or shale where deformation is accommodated by folding and smaller scale deformation. Fold wavelength is established early and at small displacement (
geoknife: reproducible web-processing of large gridded datasets

Geoprocessing of large gridded data according to overlap with irregular landscape features is common to many large-scale ecological analyses. The geoknife R package was created to facilitate reproducible analyses of gridded datasets found on the U.S. Geological Survey Geo Data Portal web application or elsewhere, using a web-enabled workflow that eliminates the need to download and store large datasets that are reliably hosted on the Internet. The package provides access to several data subset and summarization algorithms that are available on remote web processing servers. Outputs from geoknife include spatial and temporal data subsets, spatially-averaged time series values filtered by user-specified areas of interest, and categorical coverage fractions for various land-use types.
Experimental Study of a Three-Dimensional, Shear-Driven, Turbulent Boundary Layer

Etude a l'aide d'un anemometre laser a effet Doppler des composantes de l'ecoulement moyen, des contraintes de Reynolds turbulentes et des correlations de triple produit. De ces donnees on extrait les viscosites tourbillonnaires, la convection, la diffusion et la dissipation turbulentes
Age Differences in Emotional Reactions to Daily Negative Social Encounters

Objectives. Negative social interactions are the most frequently reported daily stressors and most detrimental for well-being, yet we know little about older adults’ efforts to regulate their emotional reactions to such encounters. This study examined age differences in emotional reactions to social encounters and the implications of these reactions for daily well-being. Methods. Middle-aged, young-old, and oldest-old adults (59% women; aged 40–95, N = 110) completed daily inter views for 14 days. Each day, participants reported whether they had social interactions that made them feel irritated, hurt, or annoyed (experienced emotional reaction) and social interactions in which they could have felt irritated, hurt, or annoyed but avoided feeling that way (minimized emotional reaction). Results. Findings revealed no age differences in the types of emotional reactions reported (experienced or minimized). Associations between emotional reactions and daily well-being varied by age group. Oldest-old individuals’ well-being was less negatively affected by minimized emotional reactions, but more negatively affected by experienced emotional reactions compared with younger individuals’ well-being.
Identification of LIM3 as the principal determinant of paxillin focal adhesion localization and characterization of a novel motif on paxillin directing vinculin and focal adhesion kinase binding.

Paxillin is a 68-kD focal adhesion phosphoprotein that interacts with several proteins including members of the src family of tyrosine kinases, the transforming protein v-crk, and the cytoskeletal proteins vinculin and the tyrosine kinase, focal adhesion kinase (FAK). This suggests a function for paxillin as a molecular adaptor, responsible for the recruitment of structural and signaling molecules to focal adhesions. The current study defines the vinculin- and FAK-interaction domains on paxillin and identifies the principal paxillin focal adhesion targeting motif. Using truncation and deletion mutagenesis, we have localized the vinculin-binding site on paxillin to a contiguous stretch of 21 amino acids spanning residues 143-164. In contrast, maximal binding of FAK to paxillin requires, in addition to the region of paxillin spanning amino acids 143-164, a carboxyl-terminal domain encompassing residues 265-313. These data demonstrate the presence of a single binding site for vinculin, and at least two binding sites for FAK that are separated by an intervening stretch of 100 amino acids. Vinculin- and FAK-binding activities within amino acids 143-164 were separable since mutation of amino acid 151 from a negatively charged glutamic acid to the uncharged polar residue glutamine (E151Q) reduced binding of vinculin to paxillin by >90%, with no reduction in the binding capacity for FAK. The requirement for focal adhesion targeting of the vinculin- and FAK-binding regions within paxillin was determined by transfection into CHO.K1 fibroblasts. Significantly and surprisingly, paxillin constructs containing both deletion and point mutations that abrogate binding of FAK and/or vinculin were found to target effectively to focal adhesions. Additionally, expression of the amino-terminal 313 amino acids of paxillin containing intact vinculin- and FAK-binding domains failed to target to focal adhesions. This indicated other regions of paxillin were functioning as focal adhesion localization motifs. The carboxyl-terminal half of paxillin (amino acids 313-559) contains four contiguous double zinc finger LIM domains. Transfection analyses of sequential carboxyl-terminal truncations of the four individual LIM motifs and site-directed mutagenesis of LIM domains 1, 2, and 3, as well as deletion mutagenesis, revealed that the principal mechanism of targeting paxillin to focal adhesions is through LIM3. These data demonstrate that paxillin localizes to focal adhesions independent of interactions with vinculin and/or FAK, and represents the first definitive demonstration of LIM domains functioning as a primary determinant of protein subcellular localization to focal adhesions.
Infrared Spectroscopy at Sub-Ambient Temperatures: I. Literature Review:

A historical discussion of the development of low-temperature infrared spectroscopy to facilitate the study of structure and thermodynamic properties of molecules is presented. This includes a literature review with 612 references.
Mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser using intracavity polarization-maintaining loop mirror

Erbium-doped fiber lasers at repetition rate of 40 and 80 GHz are demonstrated in an injection-locked and rational harmonic mode-locked ring cavity. The cavity has a polarization-maintaining loop mirror. The injection-locking pulse is generated at repetition rates of 20 and 40 GHz from another rational harmonic mode-locked fiber laser. When these pulses are injected into the second fiber laser, pulses at twice the repetition rates viz. 40 and 80 GHz are produced
Dielectric surface flashover in vacuum. Experimental design issues

In order to determine the influence of intrinsic material properties of dielectric materials on high field surface flashover characteristics in vacuum, it is important that we minimize or eliminate the influence of the experimental test structure on the high field processes. In this paper we shall examine the flashover characteristics of polycrystalline alumina insulators, using a lateral test structure similar to the one used in semiconductor devices. A significant improvement in surface flashover strengths (/spl sim/200%) was found using a metalized contact electrode system compared with a classical solid electrode system. The results indicate that, using a metalized film cathode, the scatter in the flashover data is significantly reduced compared with the solid electrode system, implying that the electron-dielectric interaction processes that lead to flashover occur in a more predictable fashion. The new metal contact electrode system reveals the dependence of flashover strength on the surface preparation and the grain size of the dielectric material. The average flashover strength increases and the scatter in the flashover data decrease with a decrease in the average grain size of the particles composing the alumina ceramic. Thus the surface flashover processes in vacuum are related to the dielectric surface microstructure, specifically the surface and sub-surface microdamage and grain-boundary defects.
A new iterative algorithm for ionospheric tomography

An ionospheric tomography system consists of a satellite and several ground stations located in a line under the path of the satellite. The data collected at the ground stations are the integrals of electron density along many paths between the ground stations and the satellite. From this data an image of electron density in the plane defined by the satellite orbit and the ground stations can be reconstructed using tomographic techniques. However, the data obtained from an ionospheric tomography system is not complete, so a priori information must be used in the reconstruction algorithm in order to obtain a useful solution. The orthogonal decomposition algorithm (ODA) provides a way of incorporating a priori information into the reconstruction. However, due to problems with numerical conditioning, ODA by itself does not yield a solution. This paper presents a new algorithm for ionospheric tomography reconstruction called the recursive correction method (RCM). RCM is a fast, stable, iterative algorithm that takes advantage of the special structure of the ionospheric tomography problem. This paper will also present convergence analysis of RCM, comparison between RCM and algebraic reconstruction technique (ART), and an example using simulated data.
Police Strikes and Conventional Crime

Employing FBI “Return A Record Card” data, this study examines the impact of municipal police strikes on reported rates of burglary, robbery, larceny, and auto theft in 11 U.S. cities. Relationships reflecting the view that police presence is essential for crime prevention and social order are examined for variation duration of police strike, city size, and offense category. Overall, analysis yields very limited support for the police presence argument, suggesting that strikes have neither a significant nor a systematic impact on rates of reported crime. Implications of findings for the formulation of police policy are discussed.
Protein Kinase D Signaling: Multiple Biological Functions in Health and Disease

Protein kinase D (PKD) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase family with structural, enzymological, and regulatory properties different from the PKC family members. Signaling through PKD is induced by a remarkable number of stimuli, including G-protein-coupled receptor agonists and polypeptide growth factors. PKD1, the most studied member of the family, is increasingly implicated in the regulation of a complex array of fundamental biological processes, including signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, membrane trafficking, secretion, immune regulation, cardiac hypertrophy and contraction, angiogenesis, and cancer. PKD mediates such a diverse array of normal and abnormal biological functions via dynamic changes in its spatial and temporal localization, combined with its distinct substrate specificity. Studies on PKD thus far indicate a striking diversity of both its signal generation and distribution and its potential for complex regulatory interactions with multiple downstream pathways, often regulating the subcellular localization of its targets.
Environmental and algal forcing of Daphnia production dynamics

Recent studies of lakes suggest that the relative availability of light and phosphorus in the mixed layer helps determine the quality of phytoplankton consumed by herbivorous zooplankton. In turn, increases in algal quality positively affect zooplankton growth and reproductive rates. However, these studies have concentrated on explaining variation among lakes over relatively short time periods and have not evaluated the temporal dynamics in the physical‐chemical forcing on zooplankton production. We investigated whether there were seasonal changes in the relationship between Daphnia fecundity and the physical‐chemical environment, algal community characteristics, and Daphnia length using dynamic linear models (DLM) to analyze a high-resolution, 16-yr time series from Lake Washington. We used two metrics to describe algal quality: the percentage of blue-green algae and the light to total phosphorus (TP) ratio as an indirect metric for algal C : P. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and algal biovolume served as measures of algal quantity. As expected, both the light : TP ratio and the percentage of blue-green algae had negative effects on Daphnia fecundity, and Chl a concentration and biovolume had positive effects on fecundity. However, we found a comparatively stronger effect of Daphnia length on fecundity, although it was negative and therefore opposite to expectation. In all cases, we observed strong seasonal differences in environmental effects, but no temporal change in the fundamental relationships between our indices of algal quantity and quality, allometry, and Daphnia reproduction. Our results support a hypothesis of physical‐chemical coupling to algal quality and zooplankton production but highlight the importance of temporal variation in this forcing.
Coping behavior causes asymmetric changes in neuronal activation in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala.

When faced with an inescapable stressor, animals may engage in ‘coping’ behaviors, such as chewing inedible objects, that attenuate some physiological responses to the stressor. Previous evidence indicates that dopamine neurotransmission in the right prefrontal cortex is modulated by coping processes. Here we tested whether medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) neuronal activation, as measured by Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-ir), was altered in rats chewing inedible objects during exposure to novelty stress. We found that chewing caused an increase in Fos-ir that was selective for the right hemisphere of the mPFC along with a decrease in Fos-ir that was selective for the right central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), a region that may regulate dopamine neurotransmission in mPFC. These observations suggest that coping during stress engages mPFC and CeA neuronal activity asymmetrically.
Carambola quality after heat treatment, cooling and storage.

Various cooling methods following heat treatment were investigated to reduce injury to carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) caused by heat stress. Cooling fruit with ice water (IW) caused more severe degradation to carambola quality compared with ambient air (AA), ambient water (A W) or refrigerated air (RA). Cooling fruit after heat treatment with RA at the targeted storage temperature (10C) resulted in the least damage to carambola. Refrigerated air, AA, and A W caused similar degradation such as peel pitting, bronzing, decay and weight loss, but AA cooled fruit were the least firm, and AW cooled fruit had the least preferred flavor. At the end of 7 days of storage, fruit heated with hot water (HW) were less yellow than vapor heat (VH)-treated fruit, and fruit cooled by AA were more yellow than those cooled by other methods. There was no difference in peel color, total soluble solids, titratable solids, pH, or mastication texture of pulp among treatment combinations. Carambolas cooled with refrigerated air had the least injury compared with other cooling methods evaluated.
Evaluation of Marketing Professors: A Comparison of Student, Peer, and Self-Evaluations

This study sought to determine whether any differences existed between student, peer, and self-evaluations of marketing professors. Significant differences were found for a variety of important characteristics of teacher effectiveness. Most of these differences remained even after perception of course difficulty and class size effects were removed.
Common and Dissociable Mechanisms of Executive System Dysfunction Across Psychiatric Disorders in Youth.

Objective:Disruption of executive function is present in many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, determining the specificity of executive dysfunction across these disorders is challenging given high comorbidity of conditions. Here the authors investigate executive system deficits in association with dimensions of psychiatric symptoms in youth using a working memory paradigm. The authors hypothesize that common and dissociable patterns of dysfunction would be present.Method:The authors studied 1,129 youths who completed a fractal n-back task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3-T as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Factor scores of clinical psychopathology were calculated using an item-wise confirmatory bifactor model, describing overall psychopathology as well as four orthogonal dimensions of symptoms: anxious-misery (mood and anxiety), behavioral disturbance (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder), psychosis-spectrum symptoms, and fear (phobias). ...
Differential Resting State Connectivity Patterns and Impaired Semantically Cued List Learning Test Performance in Early Course Remitted Major Depressive Disorder.

OBJECTIVES There is a well-known association between memory impairment and major depressive disorder (MDD). Additionally, recent studies are also showing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsMRI) abnormalities in active and remitted MDD. However, no studies to date have examined both rs connectivity and memory performance in early course remitted MDD, nor the relationship between connectivity and semantically cued episodic memory. METHODS The rsMRI data from two 3.0 Tesla GE scanners were collected from 34 unmedicated young adults with remitted MDD (rMDD) and 23 healthy controls (HCs) between 18 and 23 years of age using bilateral seeds in the hippocampus. Participants also completed a semantically cued list-learning test, and their performance was correlated with hippocampal seed-based rsMRI. Regression models were also used to predict connectivity patterns from memory performance. RESULTS After correcting for sex, rMDD subjects performed worse than HCs on the total number of words recalled and recognized. rMDD demonstrated significant in-network hypoactivation between the hippocampus and multiple fronto-temporal regions, and multiple extra-network hyperconnectivities between the hippocampus and fronto-parietal regions when compared to HCs. Memory performance negatively predicted connectivity in HCs and positively predicted connectivity in rMDD. Conclusions Even when individuals with a history of MDD are no longer displaying active depressive symptoms, they continue to demonstrate worse memory performance, disruptions in hippocampal connectivity, and a differential relationship between episodic memory and hippocampal connectivity.
Preparation, Thermal Processing Behavior And Characterization Of Powdered And Bulk Yba2Cu3O7−x From Freeze Dried Nitrate Solutions

Solutions of Y, Ba and Cu nitrate were spray-frozen. Very small particles consisting of atomic mixtures of these salts remained after the water was sublimed. These YBCO precursors were characterized and their behavior was studied in detail while they were thermally decomposed by a variety of techniques. Kilogram size batches are routine. The final YBCO products were obtained as powders and sintered bars. Sintered materials exhibited excellent phase purity (>99%) and super-conducting characteristics (Tc = 92 K), while powdered materials had secondary phases present. Some of these samples having high percentages of second phases exhibited sudden drops in resistivity to a few micro-ohms at 200 or 240 K followed by a zero resistance transition at 92 K. Coincident with this drop in resistance was a discontinuity in the magnetization.
Correlation Between Electron Density and LIBS Signal of Magnesium in Water

Double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of magnesium in water using Meinhard Nebulizer in mist mode as well as thin jet mode have been studied. Electron density of the laser produced plasma has been monitored using Stark broadening of the hydrogen alpha line. Effect of the time delay between the two laser pulses on LIBS signal as well as on electron density has been elucidated.
Population Studies of Impala in Southern Rhodesia

Studies of the impala, Aepyceros melampus Lichtenstein, in Southern Rhodesia during 1959–60 suggest that this species is a successional animal, favored by factors which open up forest, dense woodland or tall grassland. The highest numbers of impala have been found in areas which would be rated as poor cattle range. Impala population densities compare with those of deer ( Odocoileus ) in North America. Deer share their ranges with few other ungulates, whereas impala may share their ground with as many as 16 other species of ungulates. Impala were found to have a clearly marked breeding season with the young born during a brief period in the early part of the wet season. Ewes produce their first young at two years of age. No evidence of twinning was observed. The rut occurs early in the dry season, and at this time territorial behavior is in evidence. Age classes of impala were determined by tooth replacement and wear. Yearlings were found to comprise about 25% of the population. A shortage of young adults was noted, and a high percentage of older animals was found in the population. Females predominate among the adults, which may be explained by differential sex mortality among lambs. Data on movements suggest that impala herds occupy relatively small home ranges where the distribution of food, cover and water permits. In the absence of one of these factors, impala will move a considerable distance to obtain it. In one area movements of at least 15 miles to and from water during the dry season were observed. Information on seasonal changes in social grouping is presented.
A New Goiter-Producing Diet for the Rat

SummaryIn 4 to 8 weeks, a diet containing 75% raw soy flour induces in the thyroid of young rats an enlargement of 3 to 5 times normal. The enlargement is accompanied by hyperplasia and loss of colloid. Although the diet contains more iodine than would be expected, additional iodine will completely prevent the enlargement.