cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative flow visualization using the hydraulic analogy

The current work describes the development of a non-intrusive optical method for the quantitative determination of water heights along a hydraulic jump in shooting water flows on a water table. The technique involves optically superimposing a series of alternating dark and clear fringes on the water flow. It is proposed that the fringe deviations seen under a hydraulic jump can be simulated using a series of optical prisms oriented along the direction of the hydraulic jump. The height of each prism gives the local maximum water height at the fringe location. Three types of theoretical prism configurations (isosceles flat-topped prism, scalene flat-topped prism and rounded-topped prism models) have been studied for two flow systems: shooting flow around a wedge and around a cylinder. Equations relating the physical characteristics of the deviated fringes to the height of the theoretical prism and hence the local water height are presented. The variation in water height along a hydraulic jump for flow around a wedge obtained using the optical technique has been compared with heights obtained using a depth gauge. The results were in good agreement for the range of Froude numbers studied (Fr=1.9−3.6). The rounded-topped prism model led to the best agreement with the physical measurements, within 11% throughout the range of conditions studied. The uncertainty associated with the water height determination using the optical technique is ±10%.
Automatic recognition and annotation of gene expression patterns of fly embryos

Motivation: Gene expression patterns obtained by in situ mRNA hybridization provide important information about different genes during Drosophila embryogenesis. So far, annotations of these images are done by manually assigning a subset of anatomy ontology terms to an image. This time-consuming process depends heavily on the consistency of experts. Results: We develop a system to automatically annotate a fruitfly's embryonic tissue in which a gene has expression. We formulate the task as an image pattern recognition problem. For a new fly embryo image, our system answers two questions: (1) Which stage range does an image belong to? (2) Which annotations should be assigned to an image? We propose to identify the wavelet embryo features by multi-resolution 2D wavelet discrete transform, followed by min-redundancy max-relevance feature selection, which yields optimal distinguishing features for an annotation. We then construct a series of parallel bi-class predictors to solve the multi-objective annotation problem since each image may correspond to multiple annotations. Supplementary information: The complete annotation prediction results are available at: http://www.cs.niu.edu/~jzhou/papers/fruitfly and http://research.janelia.org/peng/proj/fly_embryo_annotation/. The datasets used in experiments will be available upon request to the correspondence author. Contact:jzhou@cs.niu.edu and pengh@janelia.hhmi.org
Using the Effective Behavior Supports Survey to Guide Development of Schoolwide Positive Behavior Support

As the use of school-based positive behavior support (PBS) spreads nationwide, the development of assessment strategies to identify intervention priorities becomes more critical. This study address...
Early frontotemporal dementia targets neurons unique to apes and humans.

Objective: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease that erodes uniquely human aspects of social behavior and emotion. The illness features a characteristic pattern of early injury to anterior cingulate and frontoinsular cortex. These regions, though often considered ancient in phylogeny, are the exclusive homes to the von Economo neuron (VEN), a large bipolar projection neuron found only in great apes and humans. Despite progress toward understanding the genetic and molecular bases of FTD, no class of selectively vulnerable neurons has been identified. Methods: Using unbiased stereology, we quantified anterior cingulate VENs and neighboring Layer 5 neurons in FTD (n 7), Alzheimer’s disease (n 5), and age-matched nonneurological control subjects (n 7). Neuronal morphology and immunohistochemical staining patterns provided further information about VEN susceptibility. Results: FTD was associated with early, severe, and selective VEN losses, including a 74% reduction in VENs per section compared with control subjects. VEN dropout was not attributable to general neuronal loss and was seen across FTD pathological subtypes. Surviving VENs were often dysmorphic, with pathological tau protein accumulation in Pick’s disease. In contrast, patients with Alzheimer’s disease showed normal VEN counts and morphology despite extensive local neurofibrillary pathology. Interpretation: VEN loss links FTD to its signature regional pattern. The findings suggest a new framework for understanding how evolution may have rendered the human brain vulnerable to specific forms of degenerative illness. Ann Neurol 2006;60:660 – 667
Monitoring High-Dimensional Data for Failure Detection and Localization in Large-Scale Computing Systems

It is a major challenge to process high-dimensional measurements for failure detection and localization in large-scale computing systems. However, it is observed that in information systems, those measurements are usually located in a low-dimensional structure that is embedded in the high-dimensional space. From this perspective, a novel approach is proposed to model the geometry of underlying data generation and detect anomalies based on that model. We consider both linear and nonlinear data generation models. Two statistics, that is, the Hotelling T2 and the squared prediction error (SPE), are used to reflect data variations within and outside the model. We track the probabilistic density of extracted statistics to monitor the system's health. After a failure has been detected, a localization process is also proposed to find the most suspicious attributes related to the failure. Experimental results on both synthetic data and a real e-commerce application demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting and localizing failures in computing systems.
Effect of Acetaminophen on Atherosclerosis

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the antioxidant effects of acetaminophen in atherosclerosis.DATA SOURCES:Experimental literature and abstracts accessed through MEDLINE (1966–February 2001).DATA SYNTHESIS:Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disorder associated with coronary events. The oxidative stress burden resulting from excess pro-oxidant free radical formation contributes to oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (lipid peroxidation) and is associated with atherosclerosis. Acetaminophen (phenol-like compound) may limit these key processes that are involved. The findings of earlier experimental laboratory tests and abstracts are evaluated.CONCLUSIONS:In vitro data suggest that acetaminophen may reduce lipid peroxidation, whereas animal data showed decreased progression of atherosclerosis. Further animal model and human studies are required to confirm these earlier findings.
Proteostasis and REDOX state in the heart

Force-generating contractile cells of the myocardium must achieve and maintain their primary function as an efficient mechanical pump over the life span of the organism. Because only half of the cardiomyocytes can be replaced during the entire human life span, the maintenance strategy elicited by cardiac cells relies on uninterrupted renewal of their components, including proteins whose specialized functions constitute this complex and sophisticated contractile apparatus. Thus cardiac proteins are continuously synthesized and degraded to ensure proteome homeostasis, also termed “proteostasis.” Once synthesized, proteins undergo additional folding, posttranslational modifications, and trafficking and/or become involved in protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions to exert their functions. This includes key transient interactions of cardiac proteins with molecular chaperones, which assist with quality control at multiple levels to prevent misfolding or to facilitate degradation. Importantly, cardiac proteome maintenance depends on the cellular environment and, in particular, the reduction-oxidation (REDOX) state, which is significantly different among cardiac organelles (e.g., mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum). Taking into account the high metabolic activity for oxygen consumption and ATP production by mitochondria, it is a challenge for cardiac cells to maintain the REDOX state while preventing either excessive oxidative or reductive stress. A perturbed REDOX environment can affect protein handling and conformation (e.g., disulfide bonds), disrupt key structure-function relationships, and trigger a pathogenic cascade of protein aggregation, decreased cell survival, and increased organ dysfunction. This review covers current knowledge regarding the general domain of REDOX state and protein folding, specifically in cardiomyocytes under normal-healthy conditions and during disease states associated with morbidity and mortality in humans.
Adaptive Secure Access to Remote Services in Mobile Environments

Since the inception of service-oriented computing paradigm, we have witnessed a plethora of services deployed across a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from conventional RPC-based services to SOAP-based Web services. Likewise, the proliferation of mobile devices has enabled the remote "on the move" access of these services from anywhere at any time. Secure access to these services is challenging especially in a mobile computing environment with heterogeneous modalities. Conventional static access control mechanisms are not able to accommodate complex secure access requirements. In this paper, we propose an adaptive secure access mechanism to address this problem. Our mechanism consists of two components: an adaptive access control module and an adaptive function invocation module. It not only adapts access control policies to diverse requirements, but also introduces function invocation adaptation during access, which is the missing part of existing access control models. We have successfully applied the proposed adaptive secure access mechanism to a computer-assisted surgery application called UbiCAS. Performance evaluation shows that with limited overhead, our technique enforces secure access to the services provided by the UbiCAS system in a flexible way.
Characteristics of HIV‐1 gp120 glycoprotein binding to glycolipids

We examined the binding of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein (gp120) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) to sulfatide (GalS), galactocerebroside (GalC), and GM1-ganglioside (GM1). The gp120 glycoprotein bound to GalS but not to GalC or GM1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by an immunospot assay on nitrocellulose paper. However, it bound to all three glycolipids by an immunospot assay on thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates. In studies to determine whether GalS could be a receptor for gp120 on the surface of cells, gp120 bound to GalS incorporated into the plasma membrane of lymphoid cells as determined by cytofluorometric analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy. These studies indicate that GalS may function as a receptor for gp120 and HIV-1.
United States Department of Justice Findings Letters in Psychiatric Hospital CRIPA Cases: An Aid or a Distraction?

The Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act (CRIPA) of 1980 allows the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) to investigate and file lawsuits against certain institutions, including state and county psychiatric hospitals, where individuals within may face unconstitutional conditions. Subsequent to an investigation and before negotiations or litigation, the state is provided a Findings Letter generated by the DOJ that generally contains recommended remedial measures. It has never been determined to what extent a Findings Letter provides a state with a recommendation specific to the institution for corrective action before the state enters into negotiations with the DOJ. Three study groups were derived from a sample of 15 Findings Letters written to states concerning their psychiatric hospitals between 2003 and 2009. The individual recommended remedial measures, labeled texts of interest (TOI), were identified, and the degree of overlap among the Findings Letters was determined. To a surprising degree, TOIs overlapped to various extents, from exact copies of text to paraphrased versions, in Findings Letters written between 2003 and 2009 to different states and for multiple state hospitals in the same state. The recommended remedial measures provided in the DOJ's Findings Letters are not specific to each state hospital's deficiencies. The Findings Letters offer limited guidance to the state on how to remedy the deficiencies before negotiating with the DOJ. This lack of specificity causes inefficient and delayed remediation of unconstitutional conditions and other deficiencies in care and treatment in psychiatric hospitals. While the current process most often leads to improvements in state hospitals, it is a costly, inefficient remedy, despite the possibility of alternative remedial processes of less expensive and equal or greater effectiveness.
Decoding the representation of numerical values from brain activation patterns.

Human neuroimaging studies have increasingly converged on the possibility that the neural representation of specific numbers may be decodable from brain activity, particularly in parietal cortex. Multivariate machine learning techniques have recently demonstrated that the neural representation of individual concrete nouns can be decoded from fMRI patterns, and that some patterns are general over people. Here we use these techniques to investigate whether the neural codes for quantities of objects can be accurately decoded. The pictorial mode (nonsymbolic) depicted a set of objects pictorially (e.g., a picture of three tomatoes), whereas the digit-object mode depicted quantities as combination of a digit (e.g., 3) with a picture of a single object. The study demonstrated that quantities of objects were decodable from neural activation patterns, in parietal regions. These brain activation patterns corresponding to a given quantity were common across objects and across participants in the pictorial mode. Other important findings included better identification of individual numbers in the pictorial mode, partial commonality of neural patterns across the two modes, and hemispheric asymmetry with pictorially-depicted numbers represented bilaterally and numbers in the digit-object mode represented primarily in the left parietal regions. The findings demonstrate the ability to identify individual quantities of objects based on neural patterns, indicating the presence of stable neural representations of numbers. Additionally, they indicate a predominance of neural representation of pictorially depicted numbers over the digit-object mode. Hum Brain Mapp
Persistent changes in the intrinsic excitability of rat deep cerebellar nuclear neurones induced by EPSP or IPSP bursts

The deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) are the major output of the cerebellum, and have been proposed as a site of memory storage for certain forms of motor learning. Microelectrode and whole-cell patch recordings were performed on DCN neurones in acute slices of juvenile rat cerebellum. DCN neurones display tonic and bursting basal firing patterns. In tonically firing neurones, a stimulus consisting of EPSP bursts produced a brief increase in dendritic Ca2+ concentration and a persistent increase in the number of spikes elicited by a depolarizing test pulse, along with a decrease in spike threshold. In intrinsically bursting DCN neurones, EPSP bursts induced an increase in the number of depolarization-evoked spikes in some neurones, but in others produced a change to a more tonic firing pattern. Application of IPSP bursts evoked a large number of rebound spikes and an associated dendritic Ca2+ transient, which also produced a persistent increase in the number of spikes elicited by a test pulse. Intracellular perfusion of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA prevented the increase in intrinsic excitability. Thus, rapid changes in intrinsic excitability in the DCN may be driven by bursts of both EPSPs and IPSPs, and may result in persistent changes to both firing frequency and pattern.
Integrated engineering workstation using the NeXT Step operating system

The authors outline the progress and experiences to date on the development of an automated laboratory workstation configuration funded by the National Science Foundation Instrumentation and Laboratory Improvement Program, (NSF-USE-9051175). This workstation was developed at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville using the NeXTStep Unix Mach-based object-oriented operating system. This networked workstation configuration is designed to increase efficiency of the laboratory sessions by automating the data acquisition process and permitting students to analyze data in laboratory session at the workstation. The automation, the ease of data acquisition, and the programmability have provided the students the time to explore and the opportunity to expand their horizon. The authors discuss types of experiments that lend themselves well to automation, review the network configuration and software, and describe both the positive and negative results with this approach. >
Radiation loss in dielectric waveguide Y-branch structures

Volume current method is used to calculate the radiation loss of dielectric waveguide Y-branch structures. Radiation loss of a Y-branch in the power-dividing mode of operation is calculated accurately for the first time, obtaining proper zero loss in the limit of the zero branching angle. Radiation loss of a Y-branch with parallel output guides is calculated and compared to the loss of a three guide coupler-divider; the Y-branch has smaller loss. Simple analytical formulas are given for approximate loss calculation in these structures.
Cardiac contractile dysfunction in Lep/Lep obesity is accompanied by NADPH oxidase activation, oxidative modification of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and myosin heavy chain isozyme switch.

Aims/hypothesis: Obesity is an independent risk factor for heart diseases but the underlying mechanism is not clear. This study examined cardiac contraction, oxidative stress, oxidative modification of sarco(endo) plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA) and the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform switch in obese mice. Methods: Mechanical properties were evaluated in ven- tricular myocytes from C57BL/6J lean and Lep/Lep obese mice (formerly known as ob/ob mice), including peak shortening (PS), time to 50 or 90% PS, time to 50 or 90% relengthening (TR50 ,T R 90), maximal velocity of short- ening/relengthening (±dL/dt), intracellular Ca 2+ and its decay (τ). Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein damage and SERCA activity were assessed by glutathi- one/glutathione disulfide, malondialdehyde, protein car- bonyl and 45 Ca 2+ uptake, respectively. NADPH oxidase was determined by immunoblotting. Results: Myocytes from Lep/Lep mice displayed depressed PS and ± dL/dt, prolonged TR50 ,T R90, elevated resting (Ca 2+ )i, prolonged τ, reduced contractile capacity at high stimulus frequen- cies and diminished responsiveness to extracellular Ca 2+ compared with lean controls. Cardiac glutathione/gluta- thione disulfide was decreased whereas malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, membrane p47 phox and membrane gp91 phox were increased in the Lep/Lep group. SERCA isoenzyme 2a was markedly modified by oxidation in Lep/ Lep hearts and associated with decreased 45 Ca 2+ uptake. The MHC isozyme displayed a shift from the α to the β isoform in Lep/Lep hearts. Short-term incubation of angiotensin II with myocytes mimicked the mechanical defects, SERCA oxidation and 45 Ca 2+ uptake seen in Lep/ Lep myocytes. Incubation of the NADPH oxidase inhib- itor apocynin with Lep/Lep myocytes alleviated contractile defects without reversing SERCA oxidation or activity. Conclusions/interpretation: These data indicate that obe- sity-related cardiac defects may be related to NADPH oxidase activation, oxidative damage to SERCA and the MHC isozyme switch.
Sous Vide Technology: American Foodservice Markets Discovering the Benefits

Abstract Sous vide is a food production process that holds the promise for cost savings and flexibility for the foodservice industry. The process was developed in the early 1970s in France, where it has received wide acceptance. The specific production process results in food that is generally of high culinary quality and requires only retherming. Use of the products can lower overall operational costs. Although the products pose some health risks, these are being overcome by die large suppliers. The early adopters in America appear to be the hotels, but the products hold much promise for the catering industry.
Utility of CT after sonography for suspected appendicitis in children: integration of a clinical scoring system with a staged imaging protocol.

To improve diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis, many institutions have implemented a staged imaging protocol utilizing ultrasonography (US) first and then computed tomography (CT). A substantial number of children with suspected appendicitis undergo CT after US, and the efficient and accurate diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis continues to be challenging. The objective of the study is to characterize the utility of CT following US for diagnosis of pediatric appendicitis, in conjunction with a clinical appendicitis score (AS). Imaging studies of children with suspected appendicitis who underwent CT after US in an imaging protocol were retrospectively reviewed by three radiologists in consensus. Chart review derived the AS (range 0–10) and obtained the patient diagnosis and disposition, and an AS was applied to each patient. Clinical and radiologic data were analyzed to assess the yield of CT after US. Studies of 211 children (mean age 11.3 years) were included. The positive threshold for AS was determined to be 6 out of 10. When AS and US were concordant (N = 140), the sensitivity and specificity of US were similar to CT. When AS and US were discordant (N = 71) and also when AS ≥ 6 (N = 84), subsequent CT showed superior sensitivity and specificity to US alone. In the subset where US showed neither the appendix nor inflammatory change in the right lower quadrant (126/211, 60 % of scans), when AS 6 (kg/year, P < 0.001) and after-hours (1700 –0730 hours) performance of US (P < 0.001). Results suggest that the appendicitis score has utility in guiding an imaging protocol and support the contention that non-visualization of the appendix on US is not intrinsically non-diagnostic. There was little benefit to additional CT when AS < 6 and US did not show the appendix or evidence of inflammation; this would have avoided CT in 140/211 (66 %) patients. CT demonstrated benefit when AS ≥ 6, suggesting that cases with AS ≥ 6 and features that limit depiction of the appendix on US may be triaged to CT.
A full-rate software implementation of an IEEE 802.11a compliant digital baseband transmitter

A software based IEEE 802.11a digital baseband transmitter has been implemented on a highly parallel single-chip DSP. The processing platform is a programmable and reconfigurable asynchronous array of simple processors (AsAP) that is well matched to complex system workloads such as 802.11a. The transmitter is the first fully-compliant 802.11a software implementation, and is the first full-rate software implementation. The transmitter also complies with the high-rate portions of the 802.11g standard. It operates over all 8 data rates, includes additional upsampling and filtering functions, and sustains transmissions at 54 Mb/s on a 22-processor array; it is expected to occupy less than 20 mm/sup 2/ in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS.
Daily mood monitoring of symptoms using smartphones in bipolar disorder: A pilot study assessing the feasibility of ecological momentary assessment.

Abstract Background Personal device technology has facilitated gathering data in real-time using Ecological momentary assessment (EMA). We hypothesized that using smartphones to measure symptoms in auto-generated surveys twice a day would be feasible in a group with bipolar disorder (BD). A second exploratory objective of this study was to compare potential differences in core symptoms between BD and healthy control (HC) groups. Methods A two-arm, parallel group, observational study was designed to measure completion rates of surveys of symptoms of mood, energy, speed of thought, impulsivity, and social stress in BD ( N =10) and HC ( N =10) participants. The surveys were auto-generated twice a day for fourteen days, and subjects could also perform self-generated surveys. Completion rates were compared between BD and HC groups. Scores were averaged for each participant over the 14 day period, and group medians were compared. Results Median completion rates did not differ between groups: 95% in BD, 88% in HC ( p =0.68); the median completion rate of auto-generated surveys in the BD group was 79% and in the HC group was 71% ( p =0.22). The BD group had significantly lower median mood score ( p =0.043) and energy score ( p =0.007) than the HC group. Median scores of speed of thoughts ( p =0.739), impulsivity ( p =0.123) and social stress ( p =0.056) did not significantly differ between BD and HC. The BD group had significantly higher range of variability of group median mood ( p =0.043), speed of thoughts ( p =0.002) and impulsivity ( p =0.005) scores over the course of 14 days than HC, while range of variability of energy ( p =0.218) and social stress ( p =0.123) scores did not differ. Results were not significantly different between auto-generated and self-generated surveys for BD or HC. Limitations This pilot study was conducted for a short time and with a small sample. Conclusions This study demonstrates feasibility of using EMA with a smartphone to gather data on BD symptoms.
EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION OF TERRITORY OCCUPANCY: EFFECTS ON IMMIGRATION OF FEMALE PRAIRIE VOLES

Philopatry can arise from lack of a suitable territory (ecological constraints hypothesis) or a potential mate (limited mate hypothesis) outside the natal area. We tested predictions from these hypotheses by creating territorial vacancies with and without potential mates for female prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Standard mark-recapture techniques were used to determine group composition and residency before and after removals. Either all adults, all adult females, or no animals were removed from 1 group within each enclosure. Territorial vacancies stimulated rapid immigration of adult female prairie voles. The presence of adult male(s) on the territory resulted in an intermediate amount of immigration compared to vacant and control territories. Immigrants arrived from neighboring groups more often than expected, suggesting that proximity to territorial vacancies affected replacement. The patterns of immigration observed in this study were more consistent with the ecological constraint hypothesis than with the mate limitation hypothesis.
Dietary sodium manipulation and vascular responsiveness during pregnancy in the rabbit

Abstract The interrelationship of sodium intake and blood pressure regulation during pregnancy is not clear. The effects of dietary sodium loading and restriction on plasma levels of catecholamines, mean arterial pressure, and vascular response to two pressor agents, Levophed and angiotensin II, were investigated in 49 chronically prepared primigravid rabbits. Sodium loading increased mean arterial pressure (p
Oviposition by METAMASIUS HEMIPTERUS SERICEUS (COLEOPTERA: DRYOPHTHORIDAE: RHYNCHOPHORINAE)

Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (Olivier) is a widely distributed weevil in Central and South America, as well as the West Indies. It was introduced into Florida, Miami-Dade County, in 1984. This insect generally is regarded as a secondary pest of sugarcane, bananas, palms and several other tropical plants grown as ornamentals. Larvae bore into stems and petioles, thus weakening the plant and providing a pathway for penetration by fungi or other pests. In addition to investigating the biology, this study was conducted to gather basic information to help optimize culturing efforts for large numbers of M. h. sericeus to be used for mass rearing of potential biological control organisms. After pairing males and females, it took an average of 27.0 days for females to begin oviposition. The oviposition period lasted 56.8 days. Females lived 142.3 days and laid an average of 51.6 eggs. Mean generation time was 63 days. Mean egg production during the oviposition period was 1.1 eggs/day. Egg eclosion averaged 81.3% during the oviposition period.
CNS non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient previously treated for systemic Hodgkin disease.

of 680 cG to the area of original involvement (left supraclavicular node) over a period of 30 days. After a 3-week interval, 3570 cG were given to the paraaortic nodes and splenic pedicle over an additional 30 days. The patient was followed at regular intervals by physical exami­ nation, complete blood count, and chest radiographs and was thought to be in complete remission until 4 years later when a relapse occurred with left supraclavicular and left axillary disease. A CT scan at this time showed a left supraclavicular mass and an increased number of retroperitoneal lymph nodes, not pathologically enlarged by CT cri­ teria. A bone marrow biopsy was negative. This relapse was treated with alternating cycles of mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (also known as "MOPP" combination chemotherapy) and doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (also known as "ABVD" combination chemotherapy) for a period of 9 months. During this time, the patient developed restrictive lung disease, which was treated with corticosteroids. · Five years after the initial diagnosis of Hodgkin disease and only a few days after completing her most recent course of chemotherapy, she was admitted to the hospital after two episodes of seizurelike activity associated with profound lethargy. She reported several weeks of headaches, nausea and vomiting , diplopia, and progressive short-term memory loss. Physical examination demonstrated bilateral ptosis, difficulty with upward gaze, and sluggishly reactive pupils.
A Longitudinal Analysis of High Technology Medical Services and Hospital Financial Performance

This study examined the association between high-tech medical services and financial performance of U.S. hospitals by using the resource-based view of a firm. It was hypothesized that hospitals wit...
Control of Insects Injurious to Birdsfoot Trefoil in New York

A series of three control experiments was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of various insecticides for the control of insects injurious to birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus . L., grown for hay and seed. Of the materials tested for eontrol of the lepidopterous leafroller, S paraganothis xanthuides Walker, parathion at 0.5 lb. per acre was found to be highly effective and the most economical to use. The application of lindane at 0.25 lb. per acre for the control of the meadow spittlebug, Philaentts leucophthalrnus (L.), re- suIted in significant increases in yields of forage and seed. Thiodan®(6,7,8,9,10,lO-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6,90 methllno-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3-oxide) applied at the rate of 1.0 lb. per a1're as a pre-bloom treatment also gave significant increases in yields of forage and seed. Parathion and aldrin applied at 1.0 lb. per acre as a pre-bloom treatment both gave significant increases in the number of legumes produced.
Training for Fluency and Generalization of Math Facts Using Technology

As American students struggle with basic mathematical skills, the importance of math fact fluency has gained the attention of educators and researchers. Generalization of math fact fluency is also important for the transfer of skills to other settings and formats, assisting students in the completion of more varied and complicated math tasks. This column explores technology in the classroom and use of mobile applications (i.e., apps) to train students in fluency and generalization of math facts. Key features of apps that teachers should consider for classroom use are described and ways in which apps can provide students with a variety of stimulus and response conditions to promote fluency and generalization of math facts are highlighted.
Forecasting Potential Defoliation by Larch Casebearer in the Northern Rocky Mountains

A quadratic regression model (Y = 4.015 + 0.4419X − 0.001036X2) for forecasting defoliation potential by larch casebearer on western larch was developed. The model utilizes systematic counts of overwintering larvae of Coleophora laricella (Hubner) on 40 branch samples/sample point (X) to forecast intensity of feeding injury which is expressed as a numerical rating (Y) and can be translated into 4 broad classes of damage: negligible, light, moderate, and heavy. The model permits prediction of potential feeding injury to within 1 defoliation class, 98 out of 100 times.
An Artificial Neural Network Residual Kriging Based Surrogate Model for Shape and Size Optimization of a Stiffened Panel

We perform the design optimization of a stiffened panel with curvilinear stiffeners using an artificial neural network (ANN) residual kriging based surrogate modeling approach. The ANN residual kriging based surrogate modeling involves two steps – in the first step we approximate the objective function using ANN. In the next step we use kriging to model the residue. We optimize the panel in an iterative way. Each iteration involves two steps – shape optimization and size optimization. For both shape and size optimization, we use ANN residual kriging based surrogate model. At each optimization step, we do an intial sampling and fit an ANN residual kriging model for the objective function. Then we keep updating the model using an adaptive sampling algorithm until the minimum value of the objective function converges. The comparison of the design obtained using our optimization sheme with that obtained using a traditional genetic alogorithm (GA) based optimization scheme shows satisfactory agreement. However, with this surrogate model based approach we reach optimum design with less computation effort as compared to the GA based approach which does not use any surrogate model.
Five-Year Productivity of Crossbred Cows on Two Forage Systems

Summary Production data were collected over a 5-yr period for three groups of crossbred cows managed under two forage systems. Birth weight, weaning weight, and total weight of calves produced over the 5-yr period were analyzed. Cows were randomly assigned to two forage systems; fescue only or fescue + clover. There were 25 Polled Hereford x Angus (HA), 28 Charolais x Angus (CA), and 27 Simmental x Angus (SA) cows that started on the fescue only system, and 26 HA, 27 CA, and 23 SA cows that started on the fescue + clover system. The latter group weaned 13% more cumulative weight (P
Immunocytochemical characterization of the high-affinity thiazide diuretic receptor in rabbit renal cortex

Thiazide diuretics increase urinary NaCl excretion primarily by inhibiting Na and Cl transport across the apical membrane of cells in the renal distal tubule. Although these diuretics bind to a membrane protein that couples transport of Na and Cl directly, the molecular nature of this transporter and its localization in the mammalian kidney remain controversial. The present experiments were designed to develop monoclonal antibodies to the high-affinity thiazide diuretic receptor to investigate its molecular characteristics and its cellular and subcellular localization in rabbit kidney. Mice were immunized with high-affinity thiazide diuretic receptors that had been partially purified from rabbit kidney cortex. Resulting hybridomas were screened for the ability to immunoprecipitate thiazide diuretic receptors that were labeled with the thiazide-like diuretic [3H]metolazone. A single hybridoma (MAb JM5) produced antibodies capable of immunoprecipitating up to 80% of the labeled thiazide receptors from solubilized renal cortical membranes. MAb JM5 reacted with a 125-kDa protein on Western blots of solubilized renal cortical apical membranes. It stained the apical membrane of cells in the distal convoluted and connecting tubule but did not stain proximal tubules, glomeruli, or interstitial structures. Less intense staining of apical membranes of principal cells in the collecting tubule and a subpopulation of cells in the thick ascending limb were also present. These results indicate that the high-affinity thiazide diuretic receptor comprises a 125-kDa protein that localizes to the apical membrane of cells in the renal distal tubule.
The Current Role of Pre-Transplant Blood Transfusions and Tissue Typing in Cadaveric Renal Transplantation

AbstractIn a retrospective analysis of 74 consecutive cadaveric renal transplants performed at our center during a 38-month period we assessed the influence of random blood transfusions and tissue matching on graft and patient survival. All patients received cyclosporine and low dose prednisone with or without azathioprine as immunosuppressive therapy. Actual patient survival was 100 per cent at 1 year and actuarial 1-year graft survival was 82 per cent. Random blood transfusions and histocompatibility matching at the HLA-DR locus did not influence graft survival. Matching at 2 or more HLA-A and B loci was associated with a significant detrimental influence (p less than 0.05) on graft survival. We conclude that the use of cyclosporine-based immunosuppression overcomes much of the adverse effect of poor tissue matching and may obviate the need for random blood transfusions in cadaveric renal transplantation during the first year of engraftment.
Patient Hand-Off iNitiation and Evaluation (PHONE) study: A randomized trial of patient handoff methods

Abstract Background As residency work hour restrictions have tightened, transitions of care have become more frequent. Many institutions dedicate significant time and resources to patient handoffs despite the fact that the ideal method is relatively unknown. We sought to compare the effect of a rigorous formal handoff approach to a minimized but focused handoff process on patient outcomes. Methods A randomized prospective trial was conducted at a large teaching hospital over ten months. Patients were assigned to services employing either formal or focused handoffs. Residents were trained on handoff techniques and then observed by trained researchers. Outcome data including mortality, negative events, adverse events, and length of stay were collected and compared between formal and focused handoff groups using t-tests and a multivariate regression analysis. Results A total of 5157 unique patient-admissions were stratified into the two study groups. Focused handoffs were significantly shorter and included fewer patients (mean 6.3 patients discussed over 6.7 min vs. 35.2 patients over 20.6 min, both p p = 0.024) in univariate analysis only, there were no significant differences in patient outcomes between the two handoff methods (all p > 0.05). Conclusions This large randomized trial comparing two contrasting handoff techniques demonstrated no clinically significant differences in patient outcomes. A minimalistic handoff process may save time and resources without negatively affecting patient outcomes.
Does hope morally vindicate faith

Much attention in philosophy of religion has been devoted to the question of whether faith is epistemically rational. But is it morally and practically permissible? This paper explores a response to a family of arguments that Christian faith is morally impermissible or practically irrational, even if epistemically justified. After articulating the arguments, I consider how they would fare if they took seriously the traditional notion that genuine faith is always accompanied by Christian hope. I show how the norms of hope regulate Christian faith in such a way that it does not involve, and certainly does not entail, the morally and practically problematic attitudes and behaviors with which it is associated.
Classified Conversations: Psychiatry and Tactical Technical Communication in Online Spaces

ABSTRACTThis article examines the practices of writers in online discussion board conversations as they interpret technical documents related to a psychiatric diagnosis. Drawing from interviews with 15 participants, the author argues that writers in this context interpret and manipulate medical knowledge in unique ways that benefit the community. The author concludes that studies in technical communication should take into account all groups affected by specialized knowledge, including those with little expertise or social power.
Istota sporu darwinizmu z teorią inteligentnego projektu : przyrodnicza symfonia makroewolucji

Author explains basic issues regarding controversy between intelligent design theory and Darwinism. He argues that the basis of intelligent design theory are scientific premises, not the religious ones. The controversy does not concern evolution as such but the Darwinian evolution (random mutations and natural selection) on macroevolutionary level. What is more, author points that intelligent design theory is not the only one to criticize Darwinism. The evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) is also critical about it. In his opinion, it is an additional confirmation of design theorists’ claim that Darwinism has serious explanatory gaps and that critique of Darwinism is of scientific, not religious nature.
Influence of liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

Since identification of sustainable and cost effective organic input is vital, an experiment was carried out at Crop Farm, Eastern University Sri Lanka, Vantharumoolai from May to August 2010 to investigate the effect of liquid organic mixture (Jeetvamirta) on growth and yield of maize (cv. Pacific 984). The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Different application frequencies of Jeewamirta were considered as treatments and treatments were defined as follows; T1- once a week application, T2- once in two weeks application, T3- once in three weeks application and T4- as control plot. Measurements viz. leaf area and plant biomass were taken at two weeks interval and data were analyzed statistically. The results revealed that there were significant (p AGRIEAST 2010 (9) p.11-16
Race, immigration and the agrarian question: farmworkers becoming farmers in the United States*

As White farmers in the United States retire en masse, the racial and ethnic demographics of US farming are shifting to now include a significant number of Latino farm owner-operators. Yet this pop...
Selecting nonpharmaceutical strategies to minimize influenza spread: the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic and beyond.

Shortly after the influenza A (H1N1) 2009 pandemic began, the U.S. government provided guidance to state and local authorities to assist decision-making for the use of nonpharmaceutical strategies to minimize influenza spread. This guidance included recommendations for flexible decision-making based on outbreak severity, and it allowed for uncertainty and course correction as the pandemic progressed. These recommendations build on a foundation of local, collaborative planning and posit a series of questions regarding epidemiology, the impact on the health-care system, and locally determined feasibility and acceptability of nonpharmaceutical strategies. This article describes recommendations and key questions for decision makers.
Electron spin polarization in ferromagnetic alloys

The spin polarization P of electrons tunneling from ferromagnetic alloy films of Ni and Fe or Cr was measured. P was found to have a dependence on alloy composition similar to that of the saturation magnetic moment.
Co-editors’ introduction: The relationship between race and language in the 21st century

In the hyper-diverse classrooms that are becoming more and more common in the United States today, bilingual programs serve many children who are beyond bilingual. Some of the approaches that schoo...
Strictly Archimedean copulas with complete association for multivariate dependence based on the Clayton family

The family of Clayton copulas is one of the most widely used Archimedean copulas for dependency measurement. A major drawback of this copula is that when it accounts for negative dependence, the copula is nonstrict and its support is dependent on the parameter. The main motivation for this paper is to address this drawback by introducing a new two-parameter family of strict Archimedean copulas to measure exchangeable multivariate dependence. Closed-form formulas for both complete and d−monotonicity parameter regions of the generator and the copula distribution function are derived. In addition, recursive formulas for both copula and radial densities are obtained. Simulation studies are conducted to assess the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators of d−variate copula under known marginals. Furthermore, derivativefree closed-form formulas for Kendall’s distribution function are derived. A real multivariate data example is provided to illustrate the flexibility of the new copula for negative association.
Francis I. Proctor, MD and his wife Elizabeth C. Proctor: Their lives and legacy.

The Francis I. Proctor Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology is internationally recognized for its research in the fields of ocular inflammatory and infectious diseases. Although the name of one...
The Geology of Hispaniola

At present we have a very imperfect picture of the evolution of an island arc. Linear chains of active volcanoes presently occur in many island arcs and are associated with active subduction of an oceanic lithospheric plate beneath the arc, as are deep-sea trenches. How lithospheric underthrusting begins is much in doubt. The proposed nascent island arc in the Indian Ocean (Sykes, 1970) outward from the Java Trench, suggested by a diffuse distribution of epicenters, has as yet not been supported by further studies in the area. The development of an island arc is poorly known, and the validity of interarc spreading (Karig, 1971a, 1971b) is debated. What happens to an island arc when underthrusting ceases is also a matter of conjecture. Obviously, detailed geologic studies of island arcs can and will contribute to a better understanding of these problems. This paper attempts to summarize the present geologic knowledge of the island of Hispaniola toward that undertaking.
THE AVERAGE HEAT OF ATOMIZATION AND THE PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS

In correlating the physical properties of known semiconductors and predicting the properties of new ones a number of parameters have been employed with varying degrees of success. Typical parameters have been the electronegativity difference, the heats of formation, the average principal quantum number and the atomic or ionic radii. All such parameters are related to the binding energy of semiconductors and consequently to properties such as their energy gap. In the present study the cohesive energy was considered as the most basic parameter for analyzing the characteristics of semiconductors. In elemental semiconductors the cohesive energy is given by the energy of atomization and is known in all instances. In contrast, the cohesive energy of compound semiconductors is not generally known. A simple method of calculating the heats of atomization of compounds from the heats of atomization of the elements was developed. The resulting “average heats of atomization” do not contain the contribution of the heats of formation but they can serve essentially as the cohesive energies particularly in predominantly covalent semiconductors, where the heats of formation represent only a small fraction of the cohesive energy. The “average heats of atomization” were found to be very successful in correlating the properties of a number of groups of semiconductor compounds including the vitreous semiconductors and the limits of stability of various structures among semiconductor compounds.