cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Location of Displaced New Orleans Residents in the Year After Hurricane Katrina

Using individual data from the restricted version of the American Community Survey, we examined the displacement locations of pre–Hurricane Katrina adult residents of New Orleans in the year after the hurricane. More than one-half (53 %) of adults had returned to—or remained in—the New Orleans metropolitan area, with just under one-third of the total returning to the dwelling in which they resided prior to Hurricane Katrina. Among the remainder, Texas was the leading location of displaced residents, with almost 40 % of those living away from the metropolitan area (18 % of the total), followed by other locations in Louisiana (12 %), the South region of the United States other than Louisiana and Texas (12 %), and elsewhere in the United States (5 %). Black adults were considerably more likely than nonblack adults to be living elsewhere in Louisiana, in Texas, and elsewhere in the South. The observed race disparity was not accounted for by any of the demographic or socioeconomic covariates in the multinomial logistic regression models. Consistent with hypothesized effects, we found that following Hurricane Katrina, young adults (aged 25–39) were more likely to move further away from New Orleans and that adults born outside Louisiana were substantially more likely to have relocated away from the state.
Crystallization Induced Asymmetric Transformation: Synthesis of D-p-Hydroxyphenylglycine

Abstract D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine (D-HPG) is prepared from racemic HPG via salicylaldehyde mediated resolution-racemization of the corresponding D-3-bromocamphor-8-sulfonate salt in acetic acid. After slurry purification to improve the de to >99.9%, the crystallized salt is neutralized to produce D-HPG in 92% overall yield and 99.9% ee.
High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of Various Polyisoprenes

Abstract There has been some controversy recently as to whether hevea and balata (or gutta-percha) macromolecules comprise 100 per cent 1,4 units, or whether they are predominantly cis and trans structures, respectively, with minor amounts of isopropenyl or 3,4 units. Binder contends, on the basis of a small absorption peak at 11.25 µ in the infrared spectrum of each of these polymers, that the hevea and balata macromolecules contain 2.2 and 1.3 per cent 3,4 units, respectively. This has been disputed by Fraga who showed that there was no evidence for isopropenyl groups in the near infrared spectra; he therefore concluded that the natural polyisoprenes are essentially pure 1, 4-type polymers. Another interesting Question which has never been resolved is whether the 1,4 units in hevea (or balata) are exclusively cis (or trans) or whether these polymers contain a small amount of the opposite isomer as an impurity. Recent developments in high resolution n.m.r. work on polymers, and in particular, the applica...
The Localized Energy Distribution of Dark Energy Star Solutions

We examine the question of energy localization for an exact solution of Einstein's equations with a scalar field corresponding to the phantom energy interpretation of dark energy. We apply three different energy-momentum complexes, the Einstein, the Papapetrou, and the Moller prescriptions, to the exterior metric and determine the energy distribution for each. Comparing the results, we find that the three prescriptions yield identical energy distributions.
An etale approach to the Novikov conjecture

We show that the rational Novikov conjecture for a group Γ of finite homological type follows from the mod 2 acyclicity of the Higson compactification of an EΓ. We then show that for groups of finite asymptotic dimension, the Higson compactification is mod p acyclic for all p and deduce the integral Novikov conjecture for these groups. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geometrical lattice models for N = 2 supersymmetric theories in two dimensions

We introduce in this paper two-dimensional lattice models whose continuum limit belongs to the N = 2 series. The first kind of model is integrable and obtained through a geometrical reformulation, generalizing results known in the k = 1 case, of the Γk models (based on the quantum algebra Uqsl(2) and representation of spin j = k/2). We demonstrate in particular that at the N = 2 point, the free energy of the Γk vertex model can be obtained exactly by counting arguments, without any Bethe ansatz computation, and we exhibit lattice operators that reproduce the chiral ring. The second class of models is more adequately described in the language of twisted N = 2 supersymmetry, and consists of an infinite series of multicritical polymer points, which should lead to experimental realizations. The presence of N = 2 in that case is traced back to the Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetry of the lagrangians usually used to replace n → 0 limits. Boundary conditions as well as fermionic and bosonic variables are geometrically interpreted. Moreover it turns out that the exponents ν = (k + 2)2(k + 1) for these multicritical polymer points coincide with the old phenomenological formulas of Flory. We therefore confirm that these formulas are exact in two dimensions, and suggest that their unexpected validity due to non-renormalization theorems for the N = 2 underlying theories. We also discuss the status of the much discussed θ-point for polymers in the light of N = 2 renormalization group flows.
The Instability and Inequities of the Global Reserve System

(2007). The Instability and Inequities of the Global Reserve System. International Journal of Political Economy: Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 71-96.
H-2-linked murine factor B phenotypes.

A hemolytic assay has been developed which is specific for Factor B (B) activity in murine EDTA-plasma. Three discrete levels of B activity were observed among B 10-congenic strains. Mice with standard H-2 haplotypes, b, d, k, r, f, q, s, and u, all exhibited the same mean level of activity. However, plasma from H-2 v (B10.SM) mice contained only 0.25 of that level, and those with standard haplotype H-2 ja (B10.WB) or wild haplotype H-2wr7 (B10.WR) exhibited 2.5 times the H-2 b (1310) basal level of activity. These differences among B10 congenic lines suggested that the activity is H-2 controlled; further tentative mapping with intra-H-2 recombinants indicated that the gene is located in the S region. A fourth phenotype was found among progeny of backcross generations between B10.BR (H-2 k ) and mice of subspecies Mus musculus molossinus and M. m. bactrianus. This ultra-high activity was found also to be governed by a gene very closely linked to Ss, the primary S region marker. F1 generations between disparate phenotypes yielded progeny with activity levels intermediate between the parents; progeny of parents of different strains with the same phenotype expressed B hemolytic titres equal to those of the parental strains. No differences in antigenic levels of the protein among the strains of different phenotypes could be detected by radial immunodiffusion. In mixing experiments, resultant activity levels were intermediate between the higher and the lower phenotype, ruling out independent inhibitors or activators of the reaction. These studies indicate that an H-2-linked S region-located single gene governs structural differences in allelic B molecules that lead to differences in specific activities.
Structure and magnetic properties of a three-dimensional framework manganese(II) phosphate, [NH4][Mn4(PO4)3]

Abstract A new three-dimensional manganese(II) phosphate with one-dimensional channels, [NH4][Mn4(PO4)3], has been synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm (No. 58) with a=9.8856(17), b=16.745(4), c=6.4639(9) A; V=1070.0(3) A3; Z=8. The anionic framework is formed by manganese phosphate layers (formed from MnO5 square-pyramids and PO4 tetrahedra), linked together by MnO5 and MnO6 polyhedra and PO4 tetrahedra. One-dimensional channels containing ammonium ions are formed along the crystallographic a-axis. The compound is closely related to a potassium-containing Mn(II) phosphate. Magnetic susceptibility measurements from room temperature to 2.5 K point to ferrimagnetic ordering at Tc∼17 K.
What Drives the Issuance of Putable Convertibles: Risk-Shifting, Asymmetric Information, or Taxes?

This paper presents the first empirical analysis of firms’ rationale for issuing putable convertible bonds in the literature. We distinguish between three possible rationales for the issuance of putable convertibles: 1) the risk-shifting hypothesis, 2) the asymmetric information hypothesis, and 3) the tax savings hypothesis. The results of our empirical analysis can be summarized as follows. First, putable convertible issuers are larger, less risky firms, having larger cash flows, smaller growth opportunities, and lower bankruptcy probabilities as compared to ordinary convertible issuers. Second, putable convertible issuers have lower preissue market valuations, more favorable announcement effects, and better postissue operating performance when compared to ordinary convertible issuers. Third, putable convertible issuers have better postissue long-run stock return performance as compared to ordinary convertible issuers. Finally, putable convertible issuers typically have greater tax obligations and better credit ratings than ordinary convertible issuers. Overall, the results of our univariate as well as multivariate analyses provide support for the asymmetric information and tax savings hypotheses, but little support for the risk-shifting hypothesis.
A reworkable epoxy resin for isotropically conductive adhesive

Electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) is a promising alternative to the toxic eutectic tin-lead solder as an interconnect material. Typical ECAs use epoxy resin as their matrix, which has superior properties over other polymers, such as high adhesion, and low dielectric constant. However, once cured, it is not reworkable. In this study, a liquid diepoxide was designed and synthesized, and used in isotropically conductive adhesive (ICA) formulations. This diepoxide has a molecular structure able to thermally decompose at mild temperature that allows selective individual removal of the bad component without damaging the board and its surroundings. The characterizations including proton and carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy indicated the success of the synthesis. A dual-epoxy system containing this secondary diepoxide and an equivalent bisphenol-A diepoxide were formulated and cured with an anhydride hardener and an imidazole catalyst. Thermal analyses, such as differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA), thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were employed for the curing kinetics, thermal degradation behavior, glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and mechanical modulus, respectively. The dual-epoxy system showed two exothermal curing peaks at 140/spl deg/C and 180/spl deg/C, respectively. The thermoset of this dual-epoxy system has a decomposition temperature around 234/spl deg/C, a glass transition temperature around 80 to 90/spl deg/C, and CTEs of 74 ppm//spl deg/C and 225 ppm//spl deg/C below and above its Tg, respectively. The rework test on a surface mount component bonded to copper surface showed this ECA can be easily and quickly removed from the copper surface. The bulk resistance and contact resistance of ICAs were measured before and during an accelerated aging process in a temperature/humidity chamber (85/spl deg/C/85% RH). The ECA showed good bulk resistivity and contact resistance comparable to its control and a commercial ECA on gold and copper surface finishes.
Exact theory of magnetic cooling for a system which obeys the third law

Abstract An exact solution has been developed for a reasonably realistic magnetic model known to obey the third law. Results indicate that the 1-D systems are actually more efficient coolers than 3-D systems and that adiabatic demagnetization of an antiferromagnet down to the (upper) critical field is a very powerful cooling process.
Vortex Structure Produced by a Laterally Inclined Supersonic Jet in Transonic Crossflow

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry data have been collected for a supersonic jet exhausting into a transonic crossflow from a laterally inclined scarfed nozzle installed flush in a flat plate. Mean velocity fields and their derived vorticity were measured at a single crossplane in the far-field for varied jet-to-freestream dynamic pressure ratio J and nozzle inclination angles of 0,15,30, and 45 deg. The data reveal the induced counterrotating vortex pair and the horseshoe vortex formed as the jet exits the nozzle, both of which appear symmetric for the uncanted nozzle. As the nozzle inclination is increased, the vortex pair becomes tilted opposite the nozzle cant and shifts closer to the wall, where the lower vortex attains a larger strength than its counterpart until it eventually becomes so dominant that the opposite vortex is undetectable. Regardless of nozzle cant, vortex strengths increase with larger J. Vortex distances from the wall increase with J at lower nozzle cants, but at larger inclination, the position of the vortex nearer the wall varies less with J than does its complement. Thus, at a sufficiently large nozzle cant, the jet interaction effectively produces a single vortex whose position does not shift greatly with jet strength.
Microwave Sky Simulations and Projections for Galaxy Cluster Detection with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

We study the ability of three-frequency, arcminute-resolution microwave measurements to detect galaxy clusters via their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) distortion of the microwave background. For this purpose, we have constructed large-area simulations of the microwave sky, and we have made them publicly available to further investigations into optimal data reduction techniques for upcoming SZ cluster surveys. In these sky simulations, galaxy clusters are modeled using N-body simulated dark matter halos plus a gas prescription for the intracluster medium that allows the small-scale cluster physics such as star formation and feedback to be realistically incorporated. We also model the primary microwave background, radio and infrared point sources, galactic dust emission, and the SZ flux including kinetic and relativistic contributions. We make use of these simulations to study the scaling relation between integrated SZ flux and cluster mass and find that our clusters follow a power law with an index that is steeper than that for self-similar cluster models. Some evolution of the power-law index and normalization with redshift is also observed. These simulations are also used to study cluster detection for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). Using a multifrequency Wiener filter to separate clusters from other microwave components, we find that ACT alone can recover a cluster sample that is ≈90% complete and ≈85% pure above 3 × 1014 M☉.
Pheromonotropic and pheromonostatic activity in moths.

Pheromone biosynthesis in many species of moths requires a pheromonotropic neurosecretion, the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN), from the brain-subesophageal ganglion-corpora cardiaca complex. Some investigators suggest that PBAN is released into the hemolymph and acts directly on sex pheromone glands (SPG) via a Ca++/calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase. Others suggest, however, that PBAN acts via octopamine that is released by nerves from the terminal abdominal ganglion innervating the SPG. These findings suggest that there are controversies on the mode of action of PBAN and other pheromonotropic factors, sometimes even within the same species. Mating in many insects results in temporary or permanent suppression of pheromone production and/or receptivity. Such a suppression may result from physical blockage of the gonopore or deposition of pheromonostatic factor(s) by the male during copulation that result in suppressed pheromone production and/or receptivity in females either directly or by a primer effect. In several species of insects, including moths, a pheromonostatic factor is transferred in the seminal fluid of males. Similar to the controversies associated with the pheromonotropic activity of PBAN, sometimes even within the same species, there appear to be controversies in pheromonostasis in heliothines as well. This paper reviews these conflicting findings and presents some data on pheromonostatic and pheromonotropic activity in Heliothis virescens that support and conflict with current information, raising further questions. Answers to some of the questions are partly available; however, they remain to be answered unequivocally. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Gamma-ray bursts vs. afterglows

When does a GRB stop and its afterglow be- gin? A GRB may be dened as emission by internal shocks and its afterglow as emission by an external shock, but it is necessary to distinguish them observationally. With these denitions irregularly varying emission (at any fre- quency) must be the GRB, but smoothly varying intensity is usually afterglow. The GRB itself and its afterglow may overlap in time and in frequency, and distinguishing them will, in general, require detailed modeling.
Non-Local Euclidean Medians

In this letter, we note that the denoising performance of Non-Local Means (NLM) can be improved at large noise levels by replacing the mean by the Euclidean median. We call this new denoising algorithm the Non-Local Euclidean Medians (NLEM). At the heart of NLEM is the observation that the median is more robust to outliers than the mean. In particular, we provide a simple geometric insight that explains why NLEM performs better than NLM in the vicinity of edges, particularly at large noise levels. NLEM can be efficiently implemented using iteratively reweighted least squares, and its computational complexity is comparable to that of NLM. We provide some preliminary results to study the proposed algorithm and to compare it with NLM.
Limit Theory for the Sample Autocovariance for Heavy-Tailed Stationary Infinitely Divisible Processes Generated by Conservative Flows

This study aim to develop limit theorems on the sample autocovariances and sample autocorrelations for certain stationary infinitely divisible processes. We consider the case where the infinitely divisible process has heavy tail marginals and is generated by a conservative flow. Interestingly, the growth rate of the sample autocovariances is determined not only by heavy tailedness of the marginals but also by the memory length of the process. Although this feature was first observed by Resnick et al. (Stoch Process Appl 85:321–339, 2000) for some very specific processes, we will propose a more general framework from the viewpoint of infinite ergodic theory. Consequently, the asymptotics of the sample autocovariances can be more comprehensively discussed.
Stereoselective palladium-catalyzed O-glycosylation using glycals

A highly stereoselective palladium-catalyzed O-glycosylation reaction is described. The reaction of a glycal 3-acetate or carbonate with the zinc(II) alkoxide of acceptors establishes the glycosidic linkage under palladium catalysis to give rise to disaccharides as the product in good yields and with high stereoselectivity. In contrast to the Lewis acid mediated Ferrier procedure, the anomeric stereochemistry of this reaction is controlled by the employed ligand. Whereas the use of a complex of palladium acetate and 2-di(tert-butyl)phosphinobiphenyl as the catalyst results in the exclusive beta-glycoside formation, the same reaction using trimethyl phosphite ligand furnishes an alpha-anomer as the major product. The utility of the 2,3-unsaturation present in the resulting glycoside is demonstrated by the further transformations such as dihydroxylation, hydration, and hydrogenation reactions. Thus, the combination of the glycosylation and subsequent functionalization provides a novel entry to saccharides which are otherwise difficult to prepare. The broad scope of the process, mildness of the reaction conditions, and experimental simplicity should make this method a useful tool in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry.
Factors affecting long-term survival in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer may help define the role of post-treatment surveillance.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Assess impact of clinical variables upon survival in patients diagnosed with recurrent head and neck carcinoma and better delineate role of post-treatment surveillance. Methods: Variables including previous tumor site, stage, prior therapy, location of recurrence, patient-identified symptoms, compliance with recommended surveillance, definitive salvage therapy, and clinical outcome were recorded for patients diagnosed with recurrent head and neck cancer from which estimates of survival were generated and compared. Results: One hundred five patients were identified as having been diagnosed with recurrent disease. The majority (81%) were deemed compliant with recommended surveillance. Eighty-nine patients (85%) identified new symptoms/findings prior to diagnosis. Survival was not significantly different between compliant and noncompliant patients (P = .20). For patients who underwent salvage therapy, no significant differences in survival were seen according to original primary site or mode of treatment for recurrence. Better survival was seen in patients with original prior early stage disease (P = .0001) and in patients with local-only site of disease recurrence (P = .0001). Conclusions: In patients with recurrent disease, survival may relate more to variables associated with prior disease or recurrence location than those associated with follow-up surveillance. Surveillance and salvage therapy for recurrent disease may, however, preferentially benefit certain subgroups: 1) patients with prior early stage disease, and 2) those in whom site of recurrence is local-only. Despite high compliance with recommended surveillance, survival remains extremely poor for patients with recurrent disease previously treated for advanced stage disease or with those with regional recurrence. As such, the impact of routine surveillance upon survival in these patients remains unclear. Laryngoscope, 2009
Drug toxicity findings and no action taken.

In 1634 Fabricius Hildanus, town physician at Bern, stated “I find it my duty to think and complain against the lying false chemists and rascals that are the destroyer of man… the physician should have known about the property of the drug… (Hildanus 1963).
Linear sweep voltammetry of manganate(VII), manganate(VI), and manganate(V) in alkaline media

Electrochemical reactions were assigned to the voltammetric waves obtained in alkaline KMnO4 and K2MnO4 solutions. Plots of ip (AC°ν12)−1 and iapicp−1 νs log ν indicate that at slow potential scan rates in MnO−4 solutions ranging from 0·07 to 0·19 F in NaOH the first step in MnO−4 reduction is a l-electron reversible charge transfer with no coupled chemical reaction; at fast scan rates (⩾ V s−1 the process becomes quasi-reversible. The standard rate constant and the activation energy for the MnO−4/MnO2−4 charge transfer step were estimated. Plots of ip (AC°ν12)−1 and iapicp−1 νs log ν indicate that in 4·O F KOH and at potential scan rates between 0·005 and 2·V s−1 the reduction of MNO2−4 to MnO3−4 is a reversible charge transfer with no coupled chemical reaction. The diffusion coefficients of MnO−4 and MnO2−4 in alkaline solutions are reported.
Parallel reflective symmetry transformation for volume data

Many volume data possess symmetric features that can be clearly observed, for example, those existing in diffusion tensor images. The exploitations of symmetries for volume datasets, however, are relatively limited due to the prohibitive computational cost of detecting the symmetries. In this paper we present an efficient parallel algorithm for symmetry computation in volume data represented by regular grids. Optimization is achieved by converting the raw data into a hierarchical tree-like structure. We use a novel algorithm to partition the tree and distribute the data among processors to minimize the data dependency at run time. The computed symmetries are useful for several volume visualization applications, including optimal view selection and slice position exploration.
Plasma Effects on Thin Film Microstructure

We have studied the effects of low energy ion bombardment on thin copper films. Evaporated, sputtered and CVD copper films (−50 nm) were exposed to Magnetically Enhanced (ME) Ar plasmas. The microstructural changes (grain size) in the films were studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Grain growth is observed in thin Cu films when the films are exposed to low energy (87 eV) Ar plasmas. The microstructural changes in sputtered and evaporated films are quite significant whereas the plasma bombardment has less effect on CVD films. These changes occur very rapidly and cannot be attributed solely to the thermal effects, especially at low RF power levels (500 W). The initial microstructure of the film has a significant effect on grain growth during plasma exposure.
An Empirical Estimate of the Contribution of Terrain Reflections to Interfering Signal Distributions

This paper is a report on a problem which is thought to have rather general interest in the field of radar and communications systems. This is the problem of interference caused by the reflection of pulsed radar signals from the terrain in the transmitter-receiver environs. This problem has proved to be rather intractable to handle analytically and therefore the empirical approach presented in this paper might be of special interest to those who have tried some analytic approach. Basically, the problem to which this paper addresses itself is as follows: Suppose it is desired to predict the number of pulses and their power levels, arriving at an unintended receiver from a radar transmitter. The task of predicting the direct pulses is difficult, but can be approached analytically; however, what can be done about predicting those pulses reflected from the terrain (or other objects) in the vicinity, especially when no detailed terrain information is available? during the study from which this paper arose, measured data was obtained at several selected sites in the San Diego area by tuning a test receiver to one of the identified, operating radar transmitters at a time. The number of pulses and their power levels were measured by the test equipment and recorded. This procedure was reported for several different transmitters at three test sites. At the same time, a computer program (called MSS-1) has been developed to predict the number of direct pulses and their power levels.
A model for gauge theories with Higgs fields

We discuss in details a simple, purely bosonic, quantum field theory belonging to larger class of models with the following properties: (a) They are asymptotically free, with a dynamically generated mass scale. (b) They have a space of parameters which gets quantum corrections drastically modifying the classical singularity structure. The quantum theory can have massless solitons, Argyres-Douglas-like CFTs, exhibit confinement, etc ... (c) The physics can, to a large extent, be worked out in models with a large number of supersymmetries as well as in purely bosonic ones. In the former case, exact BPS mass formulas can be derived, brane constructions and embedding in M theory do exist. (d) The models have an interesting 1/N expansion, and it is possible to define a double scaling limit in the sense of the ``old'' matrix models when approaching the singularities in parameter space. These properties make these theories very good toy models for four dimensional gauge theories with Higgs fields, and provide a framework where the effects of breaking supersymmetry can be explicitly studied. In our model, we work out in details the quantum space of parameters. We obtain the non-local lagrangian description of the Argyres-Douglas-like CFT, and show that it admits a strongly coupled fixed point. We also explicitly demonstrate property (d). The possibility of defining such double scaling limits was not anticipated on the gauge theory side, and could be of interest to understand the gauge theory/string theory correspondence.
Unbiasedness and Market Efficiency Tests of the U.S. Rice Futures Market

This study examines short-run and long-run unbiasedness within the U.S. rice futures market. Standard OLS, cointegration, and error-correction models are used to determine unbiasedness. In addition, the forecasting performance of the rice futures market is analyzed and compared to out-of-sample forecasts derived from an additive ARIMA model and the error-correction model. The results of our unbiasedness tests and the forecasting performance of the rice futures market provide supporting evidence that the U.S. long-grain rough rice futures market is efficient. The results have important price risk management and price discovery implications for Arkansas and U.S. rice industry participants. T he importance of commodity futures markets as price risk management and forecasting tools has become a central issue in the aftermath of The Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (FAIR Act). The shift toward less government intervention under the FAIR Act has pushed the U.S. agricultural sector towards a more market-oriented system. An understanding of price risk management alternatives other than government programs is important for market participants. One of the key alternative strategies is the use of futures
A COMBINATORIAL GENERALIZATION OF THE BOSON-FERMION CORRESPONDENCE

We attempt to explain the ubiquity of tableaux and of Pieri and Cauchy formulae for combinatorially defined families of symmetric functions. We show that such formulae are to be expected from symmetric functions arising from representations of Heisenberg algebras. The resulting framework that we describe is a generalization of the classical Boson-Fermion Correspondence, from which Schur functions arise. Our work can be used to understand Hall-Littlewood polynomials, Macdonald polynomials and Lascoux, Leclerc and Thibon's ribbon functions, together with other new families of symmetric functions.
Do Analysts and Investors Fully Appreciate the Implications of Book‐Tax Differences for Future Earnings?*

Recent research reports that book-tax differences are not only informative about future earnings but are also associated with future stock returns. The combination of these results suggests the possibility that investors misprice securities by not fully incorporating tax-based information into their earnings expectations. However, because the stock market's expectations are not observable, predictable future returns may instead simply reflect differences in risk. I exploit financial analysts' earnings forecasts to provide evidence on these alternative explanations. I find that analysts' forecasts are more optimistically biased when book income is high relative to tax income, indicating a failure to anticipate that these firms tend to have lower future earnings. I also show that the association between book-tax differences and future returns is only present for firms with weaker information environments and disappears after controlling for analysts' forecast errors. My results suggest that neither analysts nor investors fully appreciate the information in book-tax differences, particularly in settings with weaker information environments and when analysts are less experienced. Overall the evidence is consistent with the association between book-tax differences and future returns being attributable to mispricing rather than risk.
A new statistic for redshift surveys: the redshift dispersion of galaxies

Abstract We present a new statistic - the redshift dispersion - which may prove useful for comparing next generation redshift surveys (e.g., the Sloan Digital Sky Survey) and cosmological simulations. Our statistic is specifically designed for the projection of phase space which is directly measured by redshift surveys. We find that the redshift dispersion of galaxies as a function of the projected overdensity has a strong dependence on the cosmological density parameter Ω. The redshift dispersion statistic is easy to compute and can be motivated by applying the cosmic virial theorem (CVT) to subsets of galaxies with the same local density. We show that the velocity dispersion of particles in these subsets is proportional to the product of Ω and the local density. Low resolution N -body simulations of several cosmological models (open/closed CDM, CDM + Λ, HDM) indicate that the proportionality between velocity dispersion, local density and Ω holds over redshift scales in the range 50 km s −1 to 500 km s −1 . The redshift dispersion may provide an interesting means for comparing volume-limited subsamples of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to equivalent N -body/hydrodynamics simulations.
ON DIFFERENTIABILITY OF THE PARISI FORMULA

It was proved by Michel Talagrand in [10] that the Parisi formula for the free energy in the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model is differentiable with respect to inverse temperature parameter. We present a simpler proof of this result by using approximate solutions in the Parisi formula and give one example of application of the differentiability to prove non self-averaging of the overlap outside of the replica symmetric region.
Lorentz broadening in the modeling of the HF chemical laser

The results of a survey of pressure-broadening data in the literature pertaining to species present in H2 − F2 chemical lasers are described. Pressure-broadened linewidths of the HF vibration–rotation transitions were found to depend strongly on the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers, as well as on the perturbing species. The experimental data were incorporated into a rate equation model of the pulsed H2 − F2 laser; where experimental data were unavailable, theoretical values were used. The calculations made from this model demonstrate the importance of including such detailed pressure-broadening information. Recent experimental results of Kwok and Cohen for HF V → R,T deactivation were also included in the model and were taken to be a multiquantum process. Comparisons of model predictions for pulse energy and pulse duration with several atmospheric-pressure laser measurements showed good agreement.
Best in class: A classroom-based model for ameliorating problem behavior in early childhood settings†

As more young children enter school settings to attend early childhood programs, early childhood teachers and school psychologists have been charged with supporting a growing number of young children with chronic problem behaviors that put them at risk for the development of emotional/behavioral disorders (EBDs). There is a need for effective, feasible models that help school personnel address the needs of these young children within early childhood settings. This article describes Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Training: Competent Learners Achieving School Success (BEST in CLASS). BEST in CLASS is a classroom-based intervention designed to help early childhood teachers master effective instructional strategies for preventing and ameliorating problem behavior in young children at risk for EBDs through a teacher training and performance-based coaching model. The BEST in CLASS intervention model is described, and preliminary data are presented, followed by a discussion of implications for practice and future research directions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Local rigidity of inversive distance circle packing

A Euclidean (or hyperbolic) circle packing on a closed triangulated surface with prescribed inversive distance is locally determined by its cone angles. We prove this by applying a variational principle.
The detached haze layer in Titan's mesosphere

By comparing observations from the Cassini imaging system, UV spectrometer, and Huygens atmospheric structure instrument, we determine an apparent radius of ∼40 nm, an imaginary index <0.3 at 187.5 nm and a number density of ∼30 particles cm−3 for the detached haze layer at 520 km in Titan's mesosphere. We point out that the detached haze layer is coincident with a local maximum in the measured temperature profile and show that the temperature maximum is caused by absorption of sunlight in the detached haze layer. This rules out condensation as the source of the layer. The derived particle size is in good agreement with that estimated for the size of the monomers in the aggregate particles that make up the main haze layer. Calculations of the sedimentation velocity of the haze particles coupled with the derived number density imply a mass flux 2.7–4.6×10−14 gcm−2s−1, which is approximately equal to the mass flux required to explain the main haze layer. Because the aerosol size and mass flux derived for the detached layer agree with those determined for the main layer, we suggest that the main haze layer in Titan's stratosphere is formed primarily by sedimentation and coagulation of particles in the detached layer. This implies that high-energy radical and ion chemistry in the thermosphere is the main source of haze on Titan.
Production mechanism of hot nuclei in violent collisions in the Fermi energy domain

Abstract A production mechanism of highly excited nuclei formed in violent collisions in the Fermi energy domain is investigated. The collision of two nuclei is decomposed into several stages which are treated separately. Simplified exciton concept is used for the description of pre-equilibrium emission. A modified spectator–participant scenario is used where motion along classical Coulomb trajectories is assumed. The participant and one of the spectator zones undergo incomplete fusion. Excitation energies of both cold and hot fragment are determined. Results of the calculation are compared to recent experimental data in the Fermi energy domain. Data on hot projectile-like, mid-velocity and fusion-like sources are described consistently. Geometric aspects of pre-equilibrium emission are revealed. Explanations to previously unexplained experimental phenomena are given. Energy deposited into non-thermal degrees of freedom is estimated.
Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones Under Mild Conditions Using NaBH4 and TarB‐NO2: An Efficient and Unusual Chiral Acyloxyborohydride Reducing System

High enantioselectivities are obtained for the reduction of a series of ketones using the inexpensive and mild reducing agent NaBH4 with TarB-NO2 (1). This easily prepared tartaric acid-based reagent combines a Lewis acid with carboxylic acids in a single bifunctional reagent. When combined with NaBH4, the resulting chiral acyloxyborohydride mediates the reduction of aromatic ketones to provide the product alcohols in enantiomeric excesses of 93–98 %. Several aliphatic ketones were also reduced with moderate to excellent enantioselectivity. A unique mechanism is provided with supporting calculations for the proposed active species and transition state. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Bounds and definability in polynomial rings

We study questions around the existence of bounds and the dependence on parameters for linear-algebraic problems in polynomial rings over rings of an arithmetic flavor. In particular, we show that the module of syzygies of polynomials f1, . . . , fn ∈ R[X1, . . . , XN ] with coefficients in a Prufer domain R can be generated by elements whose degrees are bounded by a number only depending on N , n and the degree of the fj . This implies that if R is a Bezout domain, then the generators can be parametrized in terms of the coefficients of f1, . . . , fn using the ring operations and a certain division function, uniformly in R.
Particle-in-Cell Simulations with Kinetic Electrons

A new scheme, based on an exact separation between adiabatic and nonadiabatic electron responses, for particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of drift-type modes is presented. The (linear and nonlinear) elliptic equations for the scalar fields are solved using a multigrid solver. The new scheme yields linear growth rates in excellent agreement with theory and it is shown to conserve energy well into the nonlinear regime. It is also demonstrated that simulations with few electrons are reliable and accurate, suggesting that large-scale, PIC simulations with electron dynamics in toroidal geometry (e.g., tokamaks and stellarators plasmas) are within reach of present-day massively-parallel supercomputers.
The function of elevated plasma fibronectin in preeclampsia

Summary Total plasma fibronectin is elevated in preeclampsia due to vascular injury release, increased production,or enzymatic degradation resulting in multimers. To examine the etiology of the fibronectin increase in preeclampsia, we quantified plasma fibronectin in nonpregnant women, pregnant women from 28 to 42 weeks' gestation, latent labor, and preeclampsia by both nephelometry and turbidimetry. Western blotting and gel electrophoresis were used to examine the structural integrity of the fibronectin molecule. In addition, functional assays explored the potential for dysfunctional fibronectin. Fibronectin was elevated in pregnant patients compared with nonpregnant patients and exhibited a further significant increase with preeclampsia. The increase was not a result of degradation to multimers but possibly to increased variants. Notably, fibronectin function, as defined by collagen binding, may be impaired during pregnancy and preeclampsia. It appears that the clinical pathophysiology of preeclampsia may be related to dysfunctional fibronectin measured by collagen binding
Distribution of Boron Atoms in Ion Implanted Compound Semiconductors

The nondestructive neutron depth profiling (NDP) technique has been used to measure the boron (10B) distributions in GaAs, CdTe, Hg0.7 Cd0.3 Te, and Hg0.85 Mn0.15Te after multiple energy ion implants. The NDP results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical ion ranges obtained from Monte Carlo computer simulations. Only minor changes in the boron profiles were seen for the chosen annealing conditions.
Anisotropy Studies of the Unresolved Far-Infrared Background

Dusty, star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei that contribute to the integrated background intensity at far-infrared wavelengths trace the large-scale structure. Below the point-source detection limit, correlations in the large-scale structure lead to clustered anisotropies in the unresolved component of the far-infrared background (FIRB). The angular power spectrum of the FIRB anisotropies could be measured in large-area surveys with the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) on the upcoming Herschel Space Observatory. To study statistical properties of these anisotropies, the confusion from foreground Galactic dust emission needs to be reduced, even in the cleanest regions of the sky. The multifrequency coverage of SPIRE allows the foreground dust to be partly separated from the extragalactic background, composed of dusty star-forming galaxies as well as faint normal galaxies. The separation improves for fields with sizes greater than a few hundred square degrees and when combined with Planck data. We show that an area of ~400 deg2 observed for about 1000 hr with Herschel SPIRE and complemented by Planck provides maximal information on the anisotropy power spectrum. We discuss the scientific studies that can be done with measurements of the unresolved FIRB anisotropies, including a determination of the large-scale bias and the small-scale halo occupation distribution of FIRB sources with fluxes below the point-source detection level.
Hydrogen bonding Part 48. IR and thermodynamic study of the lower hydrates of N-methylquinuclidinium iodide, bromide, chloride, fluoride, and hydroxide; evidence for a temperature-dependent rearrangement of hydrogen bonds in the chloride monohydrate

Abstract Below 28°C the IR spectrum of N-methylquinuclidinium chloride shows the characteristic absorptions of a C2h (H2O · Cl−)2 planar cluster; however, above this temperature this spectrum is replaced with an entirely different spectrum tentatively assigned to extended “linear” hydrogen bonding. The bromide and iodide show only the linear type of IR spectra. Dissociation vapor pressure measurements of the low temperature form of the chloride give an unreasonably high value for ΔHdis° (27.56 kcal mol−), while the high temperature form shows a normal value (14.70 kcal mol−). The high value for the low temperature form is ascribed to an unfavorable lattice enthalpy change. The bromide gives a normal ΔHdis° of 11.58 kcal mol−1. The first material to separate on dehydration of an aqueous fluoride solution is a pentahydrate; there is also a fluoride 3.50 H2O hydrate and a fluoride monohydrate. The IR spectrum of the fluoride monohydrate supports the presence of a C2h (H2O · F−)2 cluster similar to that found in tetramethylammonium fluoride monohydrate, N-Methylquinuclidinium hydroxide forms a dihydrate and a monohydrate; the monohydrate appears to contain planar (H2O · OH−)2 clusters.
An Optimal Parallel Matching Algorithm for Cographs

The class of cographs, or complement-reducible graphs, arises naturally in many different areas of applied mathematics and computer science. We show that the problem of finding a maximum matching in a cograph can be solved optimally in parallel by reducing it to parenthesis matching. With an n-vertex cograph G represented by its parse tree as input, our algorithm finds a maximum matching in G in O(log n) time using O(n/log n) processors in the EREW-PRAM model.
The Revenue Implications of Financial and Operational Measures of Product Quality

We examine the future sales implications of product quality measures for 11 plants of a manufacturing group in a Fortune 500 firm. Our results indicate that both financial quality measures, such as external failure costs incurred due to product failures at customer sites, and nonfinancial quality measures, such as defect rates and on‐time deliveries, are leading indicators of future sales. While changes in defects and on‐time deliveries affect sales in the subsequent quarter, changes in external failure costs are negatively associated with sales two and three quarters hence. Corroborating popular claims about the importance of external failure costs, we find that a $1 increase in external failure costs is associated with a cumulative sales decrease of $26, or approximately $10.40 in lost profits.
Vapor pressure of promethium trifluoride

Abstract The vaporization of promethium trifluoride has been studied by Knudsen effusion-mass spectrometry. The equilibrium vapor pressure of PmF3 over (Pr 1 3 Pm 1 3 Sm 1 3 )F3 was mea- sured relative to those of the other components (PrF3 and SnF3) over the temperature range of 1100–1280 °C. The vaporization behavior of PmF3 was found to be very similar to that of PrF3. The results obtained in this study are tabulated and are discussed in terms of the promethium fluoride vaporization themodynamics.
Taking Halo-Independent Dark Matter Methods Out of the Bin

We develop a new halo-independent strategy for analyzing emerging DM hints, utilizing the method of extended maximum likelihood. This approach does not require the binning of events, making it uniquely suited to the analysis of emerging DM direct detection hints. It determines a preferred envelope, at a given confidence level, for the DM velocity integral which best fits the data using all available information and can be used even in the case of a single anomalous scattering event. All of the halo-independent information from a direct detection result may then be presented in a single plot, allowing simple comparisons between multiple experiments. This results in the halo-independent analogue of the usual mass and cross-section plots found in typical direct detection analyses, where limit curves may be compared with best-fit regions in halo-space. The method is straightforward to implement, using already-established techniques, and its utility is demonstrated through the first unbinned halo-independent comparison of the three anomalous events observed in the CDMS-Si detector with recent limits from the LUX experiment.