cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stereodivergent Synthesis of 17‐α and 17‐β‐Aryl Steroids: Application and Biological Evaluation of D‐Ring Cortistatin Analogues

One stereocenter makes all the difference: The synthesis and biological evaluation of 17-epi-cortistatin A is reported from a common intermediate used to procure natural cortistatin A. The synthesis features a unique stereocontrolled Raney-Ni reduction process that can be employed to reliably produce both alpha- and beta-configured D-ring aryl steroids. Biological evaluations of these "cortalogs" are reported for the first time.
Thermomechanical Characterization of SMA Actuators Under Cyclic Loading

Shape memory alloy (SMA) wire actuators have been increasingly used in various devices and applications due to their high energy density and simple design. With the use of these actuators the questions of size effects on their behavior need to be addressed. This paper presents a study on the cyclic loading behavior of large diameter SMA wires subjected to different thermo-mechanical loading paths. Wires of two different diameters are investigated in the current study—1.78 mm and 2.16 mm. The issues addressed in this work include the investigation and design of a gripping technique for the large diameter wires to avoid slippage and study of heat treatment conditions for optimized superelastic behavior. After the heat treatment, specimens are subjected to cyclic mechanical loading. Two different cyclic loading patterns have been investigated: loading up to a given value of stress or up to a given value of strain.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
On the statistical relationship between cloud optical and microphysical characteristics and rainfall intensity for convective storms over the Mediterranean.

Abstract. The relationship between the multi-spectral cloud field characterization from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the rainfall intensities from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-module B (AMSU-B) data were studied for a convective storm event, which occurred during the first 15 days of June 2007 over the Mediterranean. The cloud products exploited in this analysis, cloud mask, type, optical thickness, and effective radius, are obtained from the NOAA-NESDIS operational processing system Clouds from the AVHRR-Extended algorithm (CLAVR-x), whereas the rain intensity values are retrieved from the AMSU-B brightness temperatures via a fast algorithm, using opaque frequencies (centred at 183 GHz) to correct for the presence of water vapour affecting the retrieval results. The algorithm is conceived to discriminate between convective and stratiform rain using a suitable set of thresholds; the retrieval is subsequently carried out separately for the two types. A test for the discrimination of precipitating from non-precipitating areas was based on the comparison between the precipitation information and the retrieved cloud parameters. The test produced a cloud optical thickness threshold value, beyond which the precipitation initiates, and an effective radius range for the identification of the precipitating clouds. The results stemming from the application of the test to the June 2007 case study are very encouraging, although still preliminary and restricted to the analyzed Mediterranean storms. In particular, the test shows high potential for delineating non-precipitating areas (more than 90% of successful cases for every considered cloud type) and to identify precipitating ice clouds related to convective rain (confirmed by 82% of hits). On the other hand, the relative inability to address the stratiform cloud systems is proved by the fact that the majority of the missed cases, for each cloud types, is characterized by light rain intensities (≤3 mm h−1).
Intracellular protein binding to asbestos induces aneuploidy in human lung fibroblasts.

Exposure to the natural mineral fiber asbestos causes severe lung-damaging fibrosis and cancer, yet it continues to be used as an industrial insulating material throughout the world. When cultured human lung cells are exposed to asbestos, individual fibers are engulfed into the cytoplasm where they induce significant mitotic aberrations leading to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. The mechanisms of how asbestosis ultimately leads to lung cancer remain unclear. However, our experiments indicate that intracellular asbestos fibers induce aneuploidy and chromosome instability by binding to a subset of proteins that include regulators of the cell cycle, cytoskeleton, and mitotic process. Moreover, precoating of fibers with protein complexes efficiently blocked asbestos-induced aneuploidy in human lung cells without affecting their uptake by cells. These results provide new evidence that asbestos fibers can contribute to significant spindle damage and chromosomal instability by binding to proteins needed for the assembly and regulation of the cytoskeleton or the cell cycle. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Estimation of cell capture and arrest efficiency in flow chambers

The parallel-plate flow chamber has been widely applied to study the biophysics of receptor-ligand interactions under physiologically relevant hydrodynamic flow conditions. We developed a mathematical model to quantify cell-substrate attachment efficiency in the parallel-plate flow chamber. Different "frequency" parameters are introduced to quantify the efficiency with which cells in the flow chamber: i) progress from the free stream to rolling, ii) switch from rolling to firm arrest, and iii) release from either rolling or firm arrest back into the free stream. Cell-cell capture probability is also introduced to distinguish between cell-substrate binding events (primary capture) and cell-cell binding (secondary capture). Thus the model decouples the physical features of the system that affect the rate of cell-substrate collision from the biological features that influence its adhesivity. It is partially validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data where neutrophils rolled and adhered onto substrates composed of cotransfected cells bearing E-selectin and InterCellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1). We also estimated the lumped on-rate for selectin-ligand interactions in both the cellular systems with the cotransfected cells and in reconstituted systems with immobilized soluble E-selectin. The on-rates estimated in both systems compared favorably. The on-rates of selectins vary as: L-selectin>P-selectin>E-selectin.
Matter-gravity couplings and Lorentz violation

The gravitational couplings of matter are studied in the presence of Lorentz and $CPT$ violation. At leading order in the coefficients for Lorentz violation, the relativistic quantum Hamiltonian is derived from the gravitationally coupled minimal standard-model extension. For spin-independent effects, the nonrelativistic quantum Hamiltonian and the classical dynamics for test and source bodies are obtained. A systematic perturbative method is developed to treat small metric and coefficient fluctuations about a Lorentz-violating and Minkowski background. The post-Newtonian metric and the trajectory of a test body freely falling under gravity in the presence of Lorentz violation are established. An illustrative example is presented for a bumblebee model. The general methodology is used to identify observable signals of Lorentz and $CPT$ violation in a variety of gravitational experiments and observations, including gravimeter measurements, laboratory and satellite tests of the weak equivalence principle, antimatter studies, solar-system observations, and investigations of the gravitational properties of light. Numerous sensitivities to coefficients for Lorentz violation can be achieved in existing or near-future experiments at the level of parts in ${10}^{3}$ down to parts in ${10}^{15}$. Certain coefficients are uniquely detectable in gravitational searches and remain unmeasured to date.
C. R. Henderson, the statistician; and his contributions to variance components estimation.

Abstract C. R. Henderson's 1953 Biometrics paper “Estimation of Variance and Covariance Components” (25) is an outstanding landmark in the discipline of statistics. It sets out the very first ideas of how to estimate variance components from unbalanced (unequal subclass numbers) data in situations more complicated than the one-way classification (completely randomized design). As such it had three important, long-lasting impacts. First, it provided methods for actually using unbalanced data, even in large quantity, for estimating variance components. And this has played a tremendous role in population genetics and in animal breeding where the use of estimated variance components is vital to the application of selection theory and selection index techniques. Second, that 1953 paper stimulated numerous statisticians to become interested in random effects, mixed models, and variance components estimation, with such statistical greats as H. O. Hartley and C. R. Rao making contributions in the late 1960s and early 1970s. By then, improved methods of estimating variance components from unbalanced data had been developed, namely maximum likelihood (ML) and restricted maximum likelihood (REML). Once computing power had expanded to the point where these methods became feasible, Henderson made notable contributions to these methods, allied to his two great interests: animal breeding and feasible computing procedures. For both of these, his mixed model equations were a salient feature. Third, these methods reached a wide audience of geneticists and statisticians.
A Lifecycle Approach towards Business Rules Management

Automating business rules management has provided significant benefits including greater control, improved flexibility, and the ability to rapidly deploy business rules across processes, information systems and channels (Web, legacy, wireless and otherwise). These benefits, in addition to trends in service orientated architectures, Web semantics, and business process management, have spawned an emerging business rules engine (BRE) market. Despite these developments, little has been published in MIS journals that examine the management of business rules management systems (BRMS) development and deployments. Making use of structuration research methods, we collect data from leading developers, end- users, researchers and thought-leaders from the industry. Data collection results revealed a business rules management lifecycle inclusive of these steps: align, capture, organize, author, distribute, test, apply, maintain. The contextual influences, actors, inputs, outputs and artifacts are identified in each step. Academic and managerial contributions, as well as recommendations for future research are provided.
Ore-type versions of Brooks' theorem

The Ore-degree of an edge xy in a graph G is the sum @q(xy)=d(x)+d(y) of the degrees of its ends. In this paper we discuss colorings and equitable colorings of graphs with bounded maximum Ore-degree, @q(G)=max"x"y"@?"E"("G")@q(xy). We prove a Brooks-type bound on chromatic number of graphs G with @q(G)>=12. We also discuss equitable and nearly equitable colorings of graphs with bounded maximum Ore-degree: we characterize r-colorable graphs with maximum Ore-degree at most 2r whose every r-coloring is equitable. Based on this characterization, we pose a conjecture on equitable r-colorings of graphs with maximum Ore-degree at most 2r, which extends the Chen-Lih-Wu Conjecture and one of our earlier conjectures. We prove that our conjecture is true for r=3.
Analytical Prediction of Moisture Absorption in Composites

The moisture absorption/desorption behavior of resin matrix composites was mathematically modelled by classical diffusion theory using an effective diffusion coefficient. The appropriate diffusion equations were solved by a finite-difference technique allowing for time-dependent changes in the humidity and temperature of the environment. Calculations were made for conditions of periodically increasing or decreasing humidity at constant temperature. Good agreement was found between calculated moisture content and published data for T300/5208 graphite fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composite. Weather Bureau data were used to calculate the amount of moisture a T300/5208 composite panel would contain if exposed outdoors. Calculations were made for different thickness specimens using weather information averaged on an hourly, monthly, and yearly basis. Solar radiation data, together with cloud and wind information, were included in the analysis to estimate an effective temperature of the composite panel during ground exposure. The results indicate that a composite panel exposed to solar heating will pick up approximately 30% less moisture than a panel exposed in the shade. Different flight scenarios were considered to determine the effect of flight service on the amount of moisture pickup expected for commercial aircraft applications.
Range-only SLAM for robots operating cooperatively with sensor networks

A mobile robot we have developed is equipped with sensors to measure range to landmarks and can simultaneously localize itself as well as locate the landmarks. This modality is useful in those cases where environmental conditions preclude measurement of bearing (typically done optically) to landmarks. Here we extend the paradigm to consider the case where the landmarks (nodes of a sensor network) are able to measure range to each other. We show how the two capabilities are complimentary in being able to achieve a map of the landmarks and to provide localization for the moving robot. We present recent results with experiments on a robot operating in a randomly arranged network of nodes that can communicate via radio and range to each other using sonar. We find that incorporation of inter-node measurements helps reduce drift in positioning as well as leads to faster convergence of the map of the nodes. We find that addition of a mobile node makes the SLAM feasible in a sparsely connected network of nodes
Long-term prevention of renal insufficiency, excess matrix gene expression, and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion by treatment with monoclonal antitransforming growth factor-β antibody in db/db diabetic mice

Emerging evidence suggests that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is an important mediator of diabetic nephropathy. We showed previously that short-term treatment with a neutralizing monoclonal anti-TGF-β antibody (αT) in streptozotocin-diabetic mice prevents early changes of renal hypertrophy and increased matrix mRNA. To establish that overactivity of the renal TGF-β system mediates the functional and structural changes of the more advanced stages of nephropathy, we tested whether chronic administration of αT prevents renal insufficiency and glomerulosclerosis in the db/db mouse, a model of type 2 diabetes that develops overt nephropathy. Diabetic db/db mice and nondiabetic db/m littermates were treated intraperitoneally with αT or control IgG, 300 μg three times per week for 8 wk. Treatment with αT, but not with IgG, significantly decreased the plasma TGF-β1 concentration without decreasing the plasma glucose concentration. The IgG-treated db/db mice developed albuminuria, renal insufficiency, and glomerular mesangial matrix expansion associated with increased renal mRNAs encoding α1(IV) collagen and fibronectin. On the other hand, treatment with αT completely prevented the increase in plasma creatinine concentration, the decrease in urinary creatinine clearance, and the expansion of mesangial matrix in db/db mice. The increase in renal matrix mRNAs was substantially attenuated, but the excretion of urinary albumin factored for creatinine clearance was not significantly affected by αT treatment. We conclude that chronic inhibition of the biologic actions of TGF-β with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody in db/db mice prevents the glomerulosclerosis and renal insufficiency resulting from type 2 diabetes.
Responses of cells to radiation sensitizers: methods of analysis.

SummarySeveral well-known transforms of the widely-used Michaelis–Menten function linearize the kinetics of many competition reactions such as enzymatic processes. These transforms allow easy and accurate evaluation of the mathematical constants of the system, as well as giving clues to the various mechanisms involved in these competitions. In this paper these linearization techniques are applied to several sets of data from several authors that describe the radiation sensitivity determined by varied concentrations of two sensitizers–O2 and misonidazole. It is shown that, when the increment in sensitivity determined at the various concentrations of sensitizer is used as the dependent variable, straight lines are obtained from various sets of data when either the so-called Lineweaver–Burk or the Eadie–Hofstee transform is used. The E–H transform results in a better distribution of data points and, accordingly, is preferred. The transform allows recognition of two oxygen-dependent processes (one at low [O2]...
Spectroscopic studies of chemically liberated "free" hydroxyl groups in aqueous hydrazine, ammonia, and methylamine solutions

The spectroscopic character of free -OH groups produced by chemical means at constant temperature is compared with that of the putative free -OH produced in pure water alcohols, etc. by temperature increases. Free, or at least very weakly bonded, -OH groups have been produced quasi-stoichiometrically at room temperature by displacing bound -OH groups from OH O bonds previously free with previously free -NH groups, the competitive status of which has been abruptly increased by protonation of the amine group. The sharp overtone bands of the unbonded -NH groups necessarily present in amine + H/sub 2/O solutions (due to the excess of protons over lone pairs) disappear stoichiometrically on protonation using HClO/sub 4/, and an equivalent number of weakly bonding -OH groups are produced. The spectroscopic signature of the chemically liberated -OH group is almost indistinguishable from that of the group liberated thermally, and a well-defined isosbestic point at 1442 nm (close to the approximate isosbestic point at 1440-1450 nm in the heated water spectra) implies that the same mechanism of exciting across the centroid (a (strong bond) in equilibrium (weak bond) exchange within a continuum model) is involved in each case. 13 references, 7 figures.
Living the New Deal: David Ginsburg (1912-2010)

David Ginsburg, who died at age 98 on May 23, 2010, was, to my knowledge, the last living official who served at senior levels in the early Franklin D. Roosevelt Administration.Ginsburg, after growing up in West Virginia and graduating from college, attended Harvard Law School and became a protege of Professor Felix Frankfurter. In 1935, he helped Ginsburg get a position at the new Securities & Exchange Commission, where his work included defending the constitutionality of the Public Utility Holding Company Act and, as borrowed personnel, researching speeches for President Roosevelt. In 1938, Ginsburg worked as newly appointed Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas’s first law clerk. In 1939, Ginsburg returned to the executive branch, working on various aspects of national defense, ultimately becoming general counsel of the Office of Price Administration. In 1943, Ginsburg joined the U.S. Army as a private. He served in Europe and, after the war, remained in Germany to work in the U.S. occupation government. In later decades, he headed one of Washington, D.C.’s great law firms (Ginsburg, Feldman & Bress), was a co-founder of Americans for Democratic Action, and was appointed by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson to significant positions. In 1967, LBJ, responding to riots and racial unrest, created the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, known popularly as the Kerner Commission, and appointed Ginsburg its executive director. He in large part wrote its March 1968 final report.This eulogy, delivered at a memorial gathering in September 2010 and based in research in Ginsburg’s newly available papers in the Library of Congress, describes his paths and his work in the New Deal and World War II periods.
Minority Vote Suppression and the Ongoing Struggle for Democracy in the Post-Civil Rights, Obama Era

Since President Barak Obama took office in January 2009, there has been a nation-wide campaign to pass a series of restrictive laws designed to make voting less convenient and more difficult.These laws, combined with extra legal tactics, are part of a long trend that has had the impact of suppressing and diluting the minority vote. This paper summarizes these laws and tactics. It divides them into 5 categories: eligibility standards, registration requirements, purging strategies, voting obstruction tactics, voter identification requirements and redistricting. It summarizes the recent literature on minority vote suppression. It assesses the impacts of these laws on the outcome of elections and the democratic process.
Diapause and Development of Heliothis zea and H. virescens in Controlled Environments

When controlled environments were programmed in bioclimatic cabinets to determine the regime that was most effective in inducing diapause in the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the tobacco budworm, H. virescens (F.), constant temperatures consistently were more effective than fluctuating temperatures having the same mean. A mean temperature of 21°C gave the best results. Also, a 10-hour photoperiod was optimum, but when the photoperiod exceeded 13 hours, diapause was completely inhibited in both species. Length of photoperiod had a direct effect on development of both larvae and pupae, and light intensity directly affected rate of larval development within the limits tested (25–400 foot-candles). Cotton plants as food did not increase the incidence of diapause compared with synthetic diet.
S5.2 Action heroes or casual observers: vaginal microflora and STI/HIV risk

Some components of the microbial flora of the vagina, most notably lactobacilli, have been linked with decreased rates of bacterial and viral STIs, including HIV, mucopurulent cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. However, the same sexual activity which adversely impacts vaginal colonisation by lactobacilli increases risk of STIs. Therefore, the apparent protective benefits of lactobacilli could reflect co-epidemiology rather than an independent biological benefit of these microorganisms.This presentation will present a summary of the epidemiological data linking vaginal microflora to HIV/STI risk and evidence suggesting that lactobacilli play a causal role in reducing risk of STI/HIV in women.
Origins of stereoselectivity in intramolecular aldol reactions catalyzed by cinchona amines.

The intramolecular aldol condensation of 4-substituted heptane-2,6-diones leads to chiral cyclohexenones. The origins of the enantioselectivities of this reaction, disclosed by List et al. using a cinchona alkaloid-derived primary amine (cinchona amine) organocatalyst, have been determined with dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT). The stereocontrol hinges on the chair preference of the substrate–enamine intermediate and the conformational preferences of a hydrogen-bonded nine-membered aldol transition state containing eight heavy atoms. The conformations of the hydrogen-bonded ring in the various stereoisomeric transition structures have been analyzed in detail and shown to closely resemble the conformers of cyclooctane. A model of stereoselectivity is proposed for the cinchona amine catalysis of this reaction. The inclusion of Grimme’s dispersion corrections in the DFT calculations (B3LYP-D3(BJ)) substantially improves the agreement of the computed energetics and experiment, attesting to...
Study of poultry meat Salmonella risk classification model based on entropy weight projection decision-making method

Poultry meat salmonella risk classification model based on entropy weight projection decision-making method was constructed and major factors affecting poultry meat salmonella risk assessment and their value order were studied,which provided poultry meat salmonella risk level of these evaluated regions.The evaluation index system was set in four dimensions of breeding,slaughterhouse,transportation and storage and sale link.The six representative regions were selected to make poultry meat salmonella risk investigation,entropy weight projection decision-making method was applied for data analysis.Two grade index weightings according to the order from big to small are U23U13U12U31U44U41U22U11U45U32U21U42U43.In the current environment,the actual poultry meat salmonella risk probability of the three evaluated regions were respectively 14.50%,12.26%,13.78%,12.91%,9.14%,12.78%.According to the classification standard in the paper,risk levels of the six evaluated regions wereⅡ orⅣ grade.The entropy projection method was introduced into the risk assessment of Salmonella,for the analysis of influencing factors and risk classification,which made the results more objective and closer to the actual ones.
Benign diseases of the uterine cervix. Ruling out neoplasia a diagnostic priority.

PreviewAlthough benign in and of themselves, many common diseases of the uterine cervix are precursors of neoplasia. Thus, their prompt, accurate diagnosis, with special attention paid to excluding malignancy, is essential. In this article, Drs Selim and Shalodi assert that cytology alone is not equal to the task. Only when it is supplemented with colposcopy and, in particular, colposcopically directed biopsy can diagnostic reliability be assured.
Primer for nutritionists: Managing the side effects of antidepressants

Summary Depression is a chronic disease affecting a significant portion of the U.S. population. Due to the popularity of ADs most nutrition professionals working in the outpatient setting will encounter patients taking one of these medications. Nutritionist can assist patients in managing the short and long term side effects of ADs and, taking into account other nutritional issues, improve overall wellbeing of the patient. The objective of this paper is to identify what side effects nutritionists can help manage, provide the information necessary to help nutritionists feel comfortable assisting with that management, and, as a result, play a valuable role in the team that is vested in the health and wellbeing of the patient.
Physiological Implications of Slow Fusion Pore Expansion on Protein Discharge: Likely Inhibition of Tissue Plasminogen Activator by its Co-Packaged Protein Inhibitor

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease that converts plasminogen to plasmin, mediating breakdown of vascular clots. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor (PAI) is the principal endogenous protein inhibitor of tPA, which covalently and irreversibly inactivates tPA at neutral pH. Despite this interaction, we found unexpected immunocytochemical and zymographic evidence that tPA and PAI can be packaged into the same secretory granule in adrenal chromaffin cells. Co-packaging of tPA and PAI raises the possibility that the post-fusion protein discharge rates, determined in part by fusion pore expansion, may regulate the amount of enzymatically active tPA released into the extracellular milieu. Specifically, we hypothesize that the change in pH of secretory granules from acidic (pH = 5.5, pre-fusion) to neutral (pH = 7.4, post-fusion), coupled with differential discharge rates, may affect the discharge rate of enzymatically active tPA. We investigated protein discharge by transfecting primary bovine chromaffin cells with tPA or PAI fused to pHluorin, a pH-dependent fluorescent marker that is quenched at pH 5.5 and bright at pH 7.4. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM), we quantified secretion rates of pHluorin-tagged tPA or PAI from individual secretory granules in the context of co-overexpression of the proteins. Overexpression of PAI slows tPA post-fusion release suggesting that covalent interaction and inhibition of tPA activity can occur before the completion of discharge. Supported by NIH, RO1-GM110289 to RWH and DA and 5T32HL7853-17 to KPB.
How Often Do Diquarks Form? A Very Simple Model

Starting from a textbook result, the nearest-neighbor distribution of particles in an ideal gas, we develop estimates for the probability with which quarks $q$ in a mixed $q$, $\overline{q}$ gas are more strongly attracted to the nearest $q$, potentially forming a diquark, than to the nearest $\overline{q}$. Generic probabilities lie in the range of tens of percent, with values in the several percent range even under extreme assumptions favoring $q\overline{q}$ over $qq$ attraction.
Habit and Freedom

On the subject of freedom of the will, Charles Sanders Peirce had an insight which is entirely remarkable and worthy of his genius. He pointed out that one thing which has made determinism seem so plausible in our scientific age is the phenomenon of habit in living creatures. Thus we know that a dog or a man can be trained to do certain things; habits can be cultivated, and once built up and established can be highly determinative of the organism’s future behavior. We have Pavlov’s dogs, trained to salivate at the ringing of a bell. And then we have the Pavlovs, trained to think “determinism” when they see such experiments.
Local synthesis of dynein cofactors matches retrograde transport to acutely changing demands.

Cytoplasmic dynein mediates retrograde transport in axons, but it is unknown how its transport characteristics are regulated to meet acutely changing demands. We find that stimulus-induced retrograde transport of different cargos requires the local synthesis of different dynein cofactors. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced transport of large vesicles requires local synthesis of Lis1, while smaller signalling endosomes require both Lis1 and p150Glued. Lis1 synthesis is also triggered by NGF withdrawal and required for the transport of a death signal. Association of Lis1 transcripts with the microtubule plus-end tracking protein APC is required for their translation in response to NGF stimulation but not for their axonal recruitment and translation upon NGF withdrawal. These studies reveal a critical role for local synthesis of dynein cofactors for the transport of specific cargos and identify association with RNA-binding proteins as a mechanism to establish functionally distinct pools of a single transcript species in axons. The molecular mechanisms underlying retrograde transport in axons are only partially understood. Villarinet al. show that in cultured DRG neurons, extracellular trophic cues such as NGF dynamically regulate local protein synthesis of dynein cofactors, thus controlling retrograde trafficking in neurons.
Online Energy Storage Management: an Algorithmic Approach.

Motivated by the importance of energy storage networks in smart grids, we provide an algorithmic study of the online energy storage management problem in a network setting, the first to the best of our knowledge. Given online power supplies, either entirely renewable supplies or those in combination with traditional supplies, we want to route power from the supplies to demands using storage units subject to a decay factor. Our goal is to maximize the total utility of satisfied demands less the total production cost of routed power. We model renewable supplies with the zero production cost function and traditional supplies with convex production cost functions. For two natural storage unit settings, private and public, we design poly-logarithmic competitive algorithms in the network flow model using the dual fitting and online primal dual methods for convex problems. Furthermore, we show strong hardness results for more general settings of the problem. Our techniques may be of independent interest in other routing and storage management problems.
Mandela’s Inspiration

Nelson Mandela’s life is an inspiration and his legacy has become a symbol of the power of solidarity in the struggle to achieve human dignity and human rights. Mandela’s personal characteristics and life history were central to leadership that mobilized South Africa and eventually the world in protest against the existing economic, political and social conditions resulting from a system of governed racial segregation enforced by the apartheid regime.
Interprofessional Education and Medical Libraries: Partnering for Success, edited by Mary E. Edwards.

This book offers an introduction to interprofessional education (IPE) through an exploration of its history, theory, and practice, including cases of how librarians have shaped IPE at their institu...
B(C6F5)3-catalyzed synthesis of benzylic azides

ABSTRACTB(C6F5)3 was found to catalyze the reaction between trimethylsilyl azide and benzylic acetates. Secondary and tertiary benzylic acetates were competent substrates in this reaction providing the azide products in moderate to high yields. Mechanistic experiments are consistent with the possible formation of a Lewis acid-base pair between the B(C6F5)3 and trimethylsilyl azide.
Highly Sensitive Microfluidic Chip Sensor for Biochemical Detection

Chip calorimetry offers a power tool for fast and high throughput analysis of biochemical process. However, it is challenging to realize an inexpensive, easy to fabricate microfluidic chip-based calorimeter with high sensitivity. This paper describes the design of a novel, highly sensitive, and continuous flow microfluidic chip sensor with an integrated antimony (Sb)–bismuth (Bi) thin-film thermopile heat detection element. The geometry and the design of the microfluidic device facilitate hydrodynamic flow focusing, and the integration and design of the thermopile sensor into the microfluidic device eliminates the need for reference temperature control. The device contains a single flow channel that is $120~\mu \text{m}$ high and 10-mm wide with two fluid inlets and one fluid outlet. An Sb-Bi thin film thermopile is fabricated on the inner surface of the bottom channel wall using thermal evaporation and was passivized with a $3~\mu \text{m}$ SU-8 photoresist layer. The device has been successfully used to measure the dynamic temperature changes resulting from heat generation following the mixing of glycerol and water. The effect of flow rates on the sensor’s response was measured. The sensor can detect dynamic temperature changes in the order of 10-6 K. The limit of detection of heat power of the device was calculated to be 8.8 pW. With the obtained remarkable sensitivity and heat power detection limit, the microfluidic chip sensor can potentially be used to investigate biochemical processes, such as enzyme-catalysed reactions, and metabolic activity of cells.
Probing sub-GeV dark matter-baryon scattering with cosmological observables

We derive new limits on the elastic scattering cross section between baryons and dark matter using cosmic microwave background data from the Planck satellite and measurements of the Lyman-alpha forest flux power spectrum from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our analysis addresses generic cross sections of the form $\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\propto}{v}^{n}$, where $v$ is the dark matter--baryon relative velocity, allowing for constraints on the cross section independent of specific particle physics models. We include high-$\ensuremath{\ell}$ polarization data from Planck in our analysis, improving over previous constraints. We apply a more careful treatment of dark matter thermal evolution than previously done, allowing us to extend our constraints down to dark matter masses of $\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{MeV}$. We show in this work that cosmological probes are complementary to current direct detection and astrophysical searches.
Neural Stem Cell Biology and Application to Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment

Abstract Neural stem cells are known to be present in the brain for the entire life. Their proliferation and differentiation are strictly balanced by intrinsic and extrinsic regulators. The capability of culturing neural stem cells that are derived from embryonic stem cells, especially from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro, makes it possible to provide an unlimited source for generating neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, which can be used in neurological disease modeling, neurotoxicological studies, and in cell replacement therapies for neurological diseases. Utilizing neural stem cells as a model for developmental neurotoxicity assessment has recently received broad attention, and the applications have been growing. There is an urgent need to develop a practical neural stem cell evaluation system and establish a standardized battery of testing for developmental neurotoxicity assessment.
Survival of Immunoglobulins from Human Milk to Preterm Infant Gastric Samples at 1, 2, and 3 h Postprandial.

Background Human milk immunoglobulins (Ig) are an important support for the naive infant immune system; yet the extent to which these proteins survive within the infant digestive tract, particularly for preterm infants, is poorly studied. Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the survival of human milk Igs in the preterm stomach across postprandial time. Methods Human milk and infant gastric samples were collected from 11 preterm (23-32 weeks gestational age) mother-infant pairs within 7-98 days postnatal age. Preterm gastric samples were collected 1, 2, and 3 h after the beginning of the feeding. Samples were analyzed for concentration of total IgA (secretory IgA [SIgA]/IgA), total secretory component (SC/SIgA/SIgM), total IgM (SIgM/IgM), and IgG via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ig-chain fragment peptides were determined using peptidomic analysis. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests was applied. Results Concentrations of total IgA were lower in the gastric contents at 3 h postprandial compared with human milk and gastric contents at 1 and 2 h. Human milk SC/SIgA/SIgM, IgG, and total IgM concentrations remained stable in the preterm stomach across postprandial time. Peptide counts from the Ig alpha-chain and the Ig gamma-chain increased in gastric contents from 1 to 2 h postprandial. Peptide counts from the human milk Ig-chain, Ig-chain, and SC were stable across postprandial time. These peptides from Ig-chains were not present in human milk but were released in the stomach due to their partial degradation. Conclusions Human milk total SC (SIgA/SC/SIgM), total IgM, and IgG survived mostly intact through the preterm infant stomach, while total IgA was -partially digested.
Outreach to Low-Wage and Precarious Workers: Concept Mapping for Public Health Officers.

Objective To explore concept mapping (CM) as a participatory methodology that can be used by public health officials to strategize approaches to reducing health inequities among low wage workers and workers with unstable employment. Methods In a workshop of 68 occupational health officers, mainly from government agencies, CM was demonstrated through gathering and prioritizing ideas for reaching underserved, at-risk working populations. Results Prior to the workshop, occupational health officers generated 99 brainstormed ideas on how to reach underserved workers. These were reduced to 39 unique items, which workshop participants then sorted into themes and prioritized based on perceived effectiveness and feasibility. Twelve specific approaches covering enhanced surveillance methods, occupational safety and health (OSH) training, and partnering with employers, other agencies, and community groups were considered most actionable by occupational/public health officers to address the health of low-wage, and precarious workers. In a follow-up session 1 year later, a subset of participants discussed the findings. Conclusion Concept mapping can be used to elucidate actionable approaches by government agencies to better address occupational health inequities experienced by low wage and precarious workers.
Medically integrated pharmacy: A team-based approach to improve oral oncolytic therapy for cancer patients.

140Background: The use of oral oncolytic therapies in the treatment of cancer is rising dramatically. Cost barriers to obtaining drugs and side effects of therapies lead 1 to poor adherence to oral...
Metal Reduction and Protein Secretion Genes Required for Iodate Reduction by Shewanella oneidensis.

ABSTRACT The metal-reducing gammaproteobacterium Shewanella oneidensis reduces iodate (IO3−) as an anaerobic terminal electron acceptor. Microbial IO3− electron transport pathways are postulated to terminate with nitrate (NO3−) reductase, which reduces IO3− as an alternative electron acceptor. Recent studies with S. oneidensis, however, have demonstrated that NO3− reductase is not involved in IO3− reduction. The main objective of the present study was to determine the metal reduction and protein secretion genes required for IO3− reduction by Shewanella oneidensis with lactate, formate, or H2 as the electron donor. With all electron donors, the type I and type V protein secretion mutants retained wild-type IO3− reduction activity, while the type II protein secretion mutant lacking the outer membrane secretin GspD was impaired in IO3− reduction. Deletion mutants lacking the cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP), cytochrome maturation permease CcmB, and inner membrane-tethered c-type cytochrome CymA were impaired in IO3− reduction with all electron donors, while deletion mutants lacking c-type cytochrome MtrA and outer membrane β-barrel protein MtrB of the outer membrane MtrAB module were impaired in IO3− reduction with only lactate as an electron donor. With all electron donors, mutants lacking the c-type cytochromes OmcA and MtrC of the metal-reducing extracellular electron conduit MtrCAB retained wild-type IO3− reduction activity. These findings indicate that IO3− reduction by S. oneidensis involves electron donor-dependent metal reduction and protein secretion pathway components, including the outer membrane MtrAB module and type II protein secretion of an unidentified IO3− reductase to the S. oneidensis outer membrane. IMPORTANCE Microbial iodate (IO3−) reduction is a major component in the biogeochemical cycling of iodine and the bioremediation of iodine-contaminated environments; however, the molecular mechanism of microbial IO3− reduction is poorly understood. Results of the present study indicate that outer membrane (type II) protein secretion and metal reduction genes encoding the outer membrane MtrAB module of the extracellular electron conduit MtrCAB are required for IO3− reduction by S. oneidensis. On the other hand, the metal-reducing c-type cytochrome MtrC of the extracellular electron conduit is not required for IO3− reduction by S. oneidensis. These findings indicate that the IO3− electron transport pathway terminates with an as yet unidentified IO3− reductase that associates with the outer membrane MtrAB module to deliver electrons extracellularly to IO3−.
INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG SOME BACTERIOLOGICAL METHODS USED FOR THE EXAMINATION OF FARM BULK TANK MILK SUPPLIES1,2

Summary Relationships between standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), SPC after preliminary incubation at 12.8C for 18 hr (SPCPI), coliform count (CC), and psychrophile c...
The effects of refutation texts on generating explanations

Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of refutation texts on generating explanations and explore individual differences in quality of explanations. Seventy-five undergraduates read refutation and non-refutation texts addressing common scientific misconceptions and completed a two-tier post-test including True/False and open-ended questions. Readers' written post-test explanations were coded on accuracy and quality dimensions. The analysis of these explanations showed less circularity and uncertainty descriptors and more accuracy and causal connections in the refutation than the non-refutation condition. Further, three distinct clusters of readers emerged: coherence-building readers, non-coherence building readers, and promiscuous readers. Results demonstrate examining explanation characteristics can provide a useful tool for revealing how readers' knowledge influences learning from texts.
Humour as indigenous liberation: A tattooed anus for world peace in Kisses in the Nederends

The novel Kisses in the Nederends, by the Tongan writer Epeli Hauʻofa, uses humour and a revised tātatau to reach an unusual new indigeneity. Moving past human fears and taboos is possible thanks to a tattooed anus, which leads from behind to create a non-violent revolution for world peace. Hauʻofa plays with the classic tātatau of Tonga – a sacred, full-body tattoo – reducing it to a single anal mark that expands exponentially to include Oceania and the planet. Countering views that see Pacific geography in terms of economic limitation and indigenous bodies as possessed or bound by logics of colonialism or capital, this particular indigenous anus saves the world. Hauʻofa emphasizes non-elite imagery and laughter to unleash the ongoing vitality of indigenous cultural expression, expanding into the world in ways that allow for signs, bodies, and indigeneities that are more than individual.
Brave new ‘RNA’ world—advances in RNA tools and their application for understanding and engineering biological systems

Abstract Our ability to program how cells express their genetic material is central to our ability to understand and engineer them. While a range of biomolecules can be used to control gene expression, RNA is increasingly being turned to for this purpose. Here, we review recent progress in creating and applying RNA technologies for programming gene expression. First, we explore how new design approaches and regulatory systems are creating an increasingly versatile and robust RNA regulatory toolbox. Next, we describe how RNA is being applied to advance applications in engineering and fundamental studies of biological systems. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of RNA tools and consider how they might be expanded in the coming years.