cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survey of Legionella Species Found in Thai Soil

Members of the Gram-negative genus Legionella are typically found in freshwater environments, with the exception of L. longbeachae, which is present in composts and potting mixes. When contaminated aerosols are inhaled, legionellosis may result, typically as either the more serious pneumonia Legionnaires' disease or the less severe flu-like illness Pontiac fever. It is presumed that all species of the genus Legionella are capable of causing disease in humans. As a followup to a prior clinical study of legionellosis in rural Thailand, indigenous soil samples were collected proximal to cases' homes and workplaces and tested for the presence of legionellae by culture. We obtained 115 isolates from 22/39 soil samples and used sequence-based methods to identify 12 known species of Legionella represented by 87 isolates.
Distribution and community structure of coastal sharks in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico

Coastal shark abundance and community structure was quantified across 10 geographic areas in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico using fishery-independent gillnet data from 2003 to 2011. A total of 3,205 sets were made in which 14,244 carcharhiniform sharks, primarily juveniles, were caught comprising 11 species from three families. The three most abundant species, Atlantic sharpnose Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, bonnethead Sphyrna tiburo and blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus, were consistently captured over all sampling sites regardless of environmental conditions; however, some species (e.g., bull C. leucas, blacknose C. acrontous, finetooth C. isodon, and sandbar sharks C. plumbeus) were restricted to a specific area or a range of areas. Two-way crossed analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) found geographic area to significantly influence shark species-life stage assemblages while season did not. Resemblance matrices between environmental data and shark community assemblage found the two were weakly but significantly correlated, with the combination of salinity and water clarity producing the highest Spearman rank correlation value. Species diversity varied by geographic area, but was generally highest in areas with the greatest amount of fresh and saltwater fluctuations. Our results suggest that estuarine conditions adjacent to river mouths may affect juvenile shark assemblages across similar latitudes and some areas of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico may be considered important nursery areas for select shark species. This study provides important insight into the habitat use of a variety of coastal shark species and can be used to better manage these species through the determination of critical habitat.
Atrial fibrillation from thyroid storm.

Abstract Background: Thyroid storm is an often-discussed but rare presentation to emergency departments (EDs). The clinical presentation of a thyroid storm is the result of a hyperthyroid state that may result in significant morbidity or disability, or even death. Typically, patients are aware of their hyperthyroid condition, and may be able to recognize an episode of thyroid storm. However, the first presentation of hyperthyroidism could, in fact, be from thyrotoxic crisis. Objectives: To review the presentation of thyroid storm, including tachycardia, hyperpyrexia, agitation, and altered mental status, which can be easily misdiagnosed as drug intoxication. Case Report: We present the case of an otherwise healthy young adult who was sent to the ED by an outpatient care provider for generalized and vague symptoms of “feeling unwell” that was eventually diagnosed in the ED as thyrotoxic crisis. Conclusion: We use this case to emphasize that thyrotoxic crisis should be at least considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with this presentation, and to highlight how, even with apparently usual and effective treatments, a patient may still decompensate.
128 Wound Healing Morphology in an Acute Wound Healing Study

Background: Physiological healing in acute wounds generally occurs by granulation from the wound base and by migration of epithelium from the wound edges toward the center of the wound in a uniform, concentric fashion. The Wound Healing Cooperative Group (WHCG) compared this phenomenon in acute wounds treated with standard care versus acute wounds pharmacologically stimulated with growth factor therapy. Methods: With informed consent, 20 normal healthy volunteers underwent four 6 mm biopsies of the flexor surface of both forearms. The biopsy sites were randomly assigned to a control arm (daily bacitracin) or to one of three treatment arms: i) rhPDGF-BB 0.01% gel Q.D., ii) rhPDGF-BB Q.O.D., iii) daily rhPDGF-BB (Q.D. × 7 days followed by bacitracin alone daily). Wound morphology was carefully examined and photographed daily until complete healing was achieved. Results: There were distinct differences in the morphological pattern of healing seen between control wounds and growth factor-stimulated wounds. Acute wounds treated with bacitracin tended to heal in circumferential fashion, as predicted. Growth factor-stimulated wounds, by contrast, exhibited accentuated angiogenesis (granulation), with non-uniform epithelial islands streaming into the wound. Conclusion: This pilot study suggests that rhPDGF-BB influences acute wound healing by promoting accelerated granulation and epithelialization. Accelerated healing is manifest by different healing morphologies. The biological basis for these differences requires further histological and molecular analyses. Acknowledgements: Funding from The Angiogenesis Foundation.
Do participants' reports of symptom prevalence or severity vary by interviewer gender?

BACKGROUND Although interviews are commonly used to gather research data, the integrity of interview data can be threatened by discrepancies between interviewers and respondents on such characteristics as race, gender, or age. OBJECTIVES To determine if participants' reports of the prevalence and severity of 30 symptoms varied as a function of interviewer gender. Symptoms that were assessed included general physical symptoms (diarrhea, headaches), psychological symptoms (feel blue and depressed, worry about nervous breakdown), and menopausal symptoms (hot flashes, vaginal dryness). METHOD Structured telephone interviews were completed by 137 women who were a mean of 56.5 years old (SD = 11.1, range 36-83) and a mean of 38.8 months (SD = 23.6) postdiagnosis of breast cancer. Interviewers included two women and two men. RESULTS Symptom prevalence and severity did not vary as a function of interviewer gender. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that both male and female interviewers can be used successfully to assess participants' reports of physical, psychological, or menopausal symptoms.
A visible wavelength spectrophotometric assay suitable for high-throughput screening of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase catalyzes the first physiologically irreversible step in biosynthesis of isoprenoids and sterols from acetyl-CoA. Inhibition of enzyme activity by beta-lactone-containing natural products correlates with substantial diminution of sterol synthesis, identifying HMG-CoA synthase as a potential drug target and suggesting that identification of effective inhibitors would be valuable. A visible wavelength spectrophotometric assay for HMG-CoA synthase has been developed. The assay uses dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) to detect coenzyme A (CoASH) release on acetylation of enzyme by the substrate acetyl-CoA, which precedes condensation with acetoacetyl-CoA to form the HMG-CoA product. The assay method takes advantage of the stability of recombinant enzyme in the absence of a reducing agent. It can be scaled down to a 60 microl volume to allow the use of 384-well microplates, facilitating high-throughput screening of compound libraries. Enzyme activity measured in the microplate assay is comparable to values measured by using conventional scale spectrophotometric assays with the DTNB method (412 nm) for CoASH production or by monitoring the use of a second substrate, acetoacetyl-CoA (300 nm). The high-throughput assay method has been successfully used to screen a library of more than 100,000 drug-like compounds and has identified both reversible and irreversible inhibitors of the human enzyme.
The estimated long-term impact of tsetse control on the size of the population of cattle in the Didessa Valley, western Ethiopia .

The long-term impact of tsetse control on cattle population size in the Didessa Valley, western Ethiopia, was analysed using an age-structured population model. A prior analytical assessment revealed that the risk of cattle dying in the tsetse-unprotected villages ranged from 4 to 9 times higher than in the tsetse-protected village. Model results show that during a period of 10 years the cattle population in the tsetse-protected village of Meti is likely to increase from 167 to 583 animals, while that in the adjacent tsetse-unprotected village of Gale remains almost constant. Model simulations also predict that improving the survival rate of calves in the tsetse-unprotected villages of Taikiltu and Temoloko (which presently have calf mortality rates of up to 35%) would bring a substantial increase in their cattle population.
Cell kinetics of lithium‐induced granulopoiesis

. Lithium has been shown to be an effective inducer of granulopoiesis. The mechanism of lithium action has been shown to influence CFU-s and CFU-c proliferation, increase colony-stimulating factor (CSF) production and reduce erythropoiesis. We report here evidence to show that lithium recruits CFU-c that are not normally in the cell cycle into active DNA synthesis, as measured by hydroxyurea and tritiated thymidine suicide techniques. Furthermore, lithium action is shown to be time-dependent, since the delay addition of lithium for 5 min to normal bone marrow removes the enhancement usually seen when lithium is given at time zero. The implications of these lithium-induced effects are described.
Crystallization of mutant lysozymes from bacteriophage T4

Abstract The crystallization properties of a large number of T4 lysozyme mutant proteins have been analyzed. Approximately 80% of the mutant proteins crystallize under conditions very similar to those used for the wild-type protein, regardless of the type of amino acid substitution or its location. Of the mutants that crystallize all but two, A146F (tetragonal) and M6I (orthorhombic), are isomorphous with wild-type lysozyme (trigonal). The two nonisomorphous crystals are obtained in cases where internal residues are changed. Substitution of a large side chain for a small one, as in A146F, appears to exceed a critical internal packing volume above which nonisomorphism is induced. The nonisomorphism of M6I may be due to structural changes induced by the introduction of a β-branched side chain.
Does Individual Treatment for Alcoholic Fathers Benefit Their Children? A Longitudinal Assessment.

Psychosocial adjustment in children of alcoholi cs (COAs; N = 125) was examined before and at 3 follow-ups in the 15 months after their fathers entered alcoholism treatment. Before their fathers' treatment, COAs exhibited greater overall and clinical-level symptomatology than children from the demographically matched comparison sam?le, but they improved significantly following their fathers' treatment. Children of stably remitted fathers were similar to their demographic counterparts from the comparison sample and had fewer adjustment problems than children of relapses fathers, even after accounting for children's baseline adjustment. Thus, COAs' adjustment improved wht n their fathers received treatment for alcoholism, and fathers' recovery from alcoholism was associated will clinically significant reductions in child problems.
Amygdala enlargement in toddlers with autism related to severity of social and communication impairments.

Background Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder of unknown etiology. The amygdala has long been a site of intense interest in the search for neuropathology in autism, given its role in emotional and social behavior. An interesting hypothesis has emerged that the amygdala undergoes an abnormal developmental trajectory with a period of early overgrowth in autism; however this finding has not been well established at young ages nor analyzed with boys and girls independently. Methods We measured amygdala volumes on magnetic resonance imaging scans from 89 toddlers at 1–5 years of age (mean = 3 years). Each child returned at ∼5 years of age for final clinical evaluation. Results Toddlers who later received a confirmed autism diagnosis (32 boys, 9 girls) had a larger right ( p p Conclusions This study provides evidence that the amygdala is enlarged in young children with autism; the overgrowth must begin before 3 years of age and is associated with the severity of clinical impairments. However, neuroanatomic phenotypic profiles differ between males and females, which critically affects future studies on the genetics and etiology of autism.
Cloning Mammalian Genes Using cDNA Expression Libraries in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Cloning genes by complementation is a powerful method for gene isolation in prokaryotic and smaller eukaryotic organisms. This technique has not been used extensively in larger eukaryotes because of the difficulty of introducing large numbers of clones into these organisms and the general lack of mutations in the systems in which complementation is feasible (e.g., mammalian tissue culture). Recent advances in transformation methods and cDNA expression vector technology have made possible the isolation of genes from potentially any organism by complementation in yeast. Many genes from larger eukaryotes have already been isolated using interspecific complementation of yeast mutations, including important cell cycle regulators such as CDK2 and cyclins C, D, and E. The recent development of artificial selections in yeast, such as the one-hybrid and two-hybrid systems, has broadened the menu of genes that can be isolated by expression beyond strict homologs of yeast genes. The ability to construct and utilize cDNA expression libraries in yeast is an emerging technology that holds great promise for future gene isolation. This article discusses general considerations for cloning by complementation in yeast using heterologous cDNA expression libraries. Strategies for complementation of ts and null mutations in essential genes are presented together with transformation and selection protocols.
Overview of fatigue behavior in copper single crystals—II. Population, size distribution and growth kinetics of Stage I cracks for tests at constant strain amplitude

Abstract In copper single crystals cycled at constant plastic strain amplitudes, Stage I cracks are formed in persistent slip bands (PSB) soon after the crystals reach saturation. Thus Stage I cracks play a key role in determining fatigue damage during the whole fatigue process. In the present work, the behaviors of short Stage I cracks, such as crack population, crack size distribution, crack depth and crack growth rate, have been studied systematically by means of the newly developed “sharp corner section” technique. Crack propagation behavior has been investigated for applied strain amplitudes ranging from 2 × 10 −4 to 8 × 10 −3 , which covers almost the whole of the plateau of the cyclic stress-strain curve. It is found that the crack population is linearly proportional to applied cycles and applied strains and the distribution of crack sizes corresponds qualitatively to the distribution of localized strain measured in PSB's. The Stage I crack growth behavior is divided into three phases, a rapid initial growth for depths less than 10 μm which is amplitude independent, a slower second phase whose duration is amplitude dependent, and a third accelerating stage. The amplitude dependence of these stages causes the Coffin-Manson dependence of life on strain amplitude. The mechanism of Stage I crack growth appears to be a ratchetting mechanism, as shown by new evidence gathered by interferometry and SEM.
Preoperative breast MRI and surgical outcomes in elderly women with invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma: a population-based study

Existing evidence suggests that preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might not improve surgical outcomes in the general breast cancer population. To determine if patients differentially benefit from breast MRI, we examined surgical outcomes—initial mastectomy, reoperation, and final mastectomy rates—among patients grouped by histologic type. We identified women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer from 2004 to 2007 in the SEER-Medicare dataset. We classified patients as having invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), mixed ductal/lobular carcinoma (IDLC) or other histologic type. Medicare claims were used to identify breast MRI and definitive surgeries during the initial surgical treatment episode. We used propensity score methods to account for the differential likelihood of exposure to MRI. Of the 20,332 patients who met our inclusion criteria for this study, 12.2 % had a preoperative breast MRI. Patients with ILC as compared to other histologic groups were most likely to receive MRI [OR 2.32; 95 % CI (2.02–2.67)]. In the propensity score-adjusted analyses, breast MRI was associated with an increased likelihood of an initial mastectomy for all patients and among all histologic subgroups. Among patients with ILC, having a breast MRI was associated with lower odds of a reoperation [OR 0.59; 95 % CI (0.40–0.86)], and an equal likelihood of a final mastectomy compared to similar patients without a breast MRI. Overall and among patients with IDC and IDLC, breast MRI was not significantly associated with a likelihood of a reoperation but was associated with greater odds of a final mastectomy. Our study provides evidence in support of the targeted use of preoperative breast MRI among patients with ILC to improve surgical planning; it does not provide evidence for the routine use of breast MRI among all newly diagnosed breast cancer patients or among patients with IDC.
Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Immuno Carbon Nanotubes

Single-walled and multiple-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized with bovine serum albumin protein to attain aqueous solubility and biocompatibility. These aqueous soluble carbon nanotube-protein conjugates were further conjugated with pathogen-specific antibody to form immuno carbon nanotubes. The experimental details on the conjugation and results from the characterization of the conjugates are presented. The potential of these immuno carbon nanotubes in the detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was evaluated, and the evaluation results are discussed.
The Impact of Physician Posture During Oncology Patient Encounters

Non-verbal communication is an important component of the physician-patient interaction. Oncology patients face specific emotional and psychological issues requiring additional physician emotional support. Multiple studies in oncology patients have revealed that patients perceive physicians seated during the medical interview to be more compassionate, caring, and likely to spend more time with the patients. These are all associated with improved patient outcomes. Barriers to sitting may be due to those imposed by time, space, and reduced perceived benefit of sitting by the physician. Although a sitting posture alone is unlikely to compensate for poor communication skills, assessing patient preference to physician posture, and following their preference, can be a simple way of improving communication, and thus patient outcomes, especially in oncology patients. The widespread introduction of the electronic medical record (EMR) system over the last decade has added a "third wheel" to the original dyadic physician-patient relationship. Physician posture and eye gaze towards to the EMR and its components has a deleterious effect on communication. Appropriate training and sensitization in this regard should be provided for physicians.
399 FETAL RITODRINE EXPOSURE AND NEONATAL OUTCOME

Ritodrine Hydrochloride (R) experience was reviewed after the first two years of regular use (7/81-6/83). Of the 202 women treated, 159 (78%) carried the pregnancy to 35 weeks or greater. Neonatal outcomes including birthweight (BW), gestational age (GA), Apgar scores, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, RDS, IUGR and mortality were correlated with (1) duration of exposure, (2) onset of exposure and (3) interval from cessation of exposure to delivery. Infants exposed to R for ≥6 wks (X=11.4) were significantly heavier (3109g vs 2884g, p 30 wks (X=32.8 wks gestation). Neither duration of exposure or GA at birth were significant factors for hyperbilirubinemia. Early hypoglycemia was seen in 11/159 infants (7%). 10/11 of these infants (91%) were exposed to R until the day of delivery. This incidence differed significantly from that among infants whose exposure stopped at least 1 week prior to delivery. Apgar scores, RDS, IUGR and mortality were not significantly different. In conclusion, R therapy prolongs pregnancy and decreases prematurity rate. Hyperbilirubinemia is increased in infants exposed to R earlier in gestation regardless of GA at birth. Hypoglycemia is more frequent in infants exposed up until delivery date.
Structural isomerism involving an ambidentate ligand: the synthesis and characterization of diselenocyanato [bis(diphenylphosphino)methane] palladium(II) and cyano(selenocyanato) [diphenyl(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phosphine selenide] palladium(II)

Abstract The reaction, at 25 °C in methanol, between [Pd(SeCN)4]2− and bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dpm) has been found to produce cyano(selenocyanato) [diphenyl(diphenylphosphinomethyl) phosphine selenide]palladium(II), [Pd(dpmSe)(CN)(SeCN)], wherein the cyanide group is trans to an Se atom which has been inserted into one PdP bond, and the selenocyanate group is trans to the unchanged diphenylphosphino group. The structure has been confirmed by the results of a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The structural isomer, [Pd(dpm)- (SeCN)2], of the foregoing complex has also been prepared by the reaction of Pd(C2H3O2)2 with dpm, followed by reaction with KSeCN. Heating the [Pd(dpm)(SeCN)2] isomer converts it into [Pd- (dpmSe)(CN)(SeCN)]. A mechanism is proposed for the isomerization which involves an intramolecular selenium atom insertion.
Psychotherapy for PTSD in the community: reported prototypical treatments

Therapists who identified themselves primarily with psychodynamic/psychoanalytic or cognitive–behavioral theoretical orientations were recruited through professional organization online listservs. They were randomly presented one of four brief case studies, describing variations on traumatic stress. Participants then completed a Psychotherapy Process Q-sort to describe quantitatively their ideal treatment of the given patient. Results indicated significant heterogeneity among clinicians. Among clinicians who indicated that their primary theoretical orientation was psychodynamic, three prototypical treatments were discovered, and among clinicians who indicated that their primary theoretical orientation was cognitive–behavioral, four prototypical treatments were found. Overall, the prototypes in the current study were correlated with, but not identical to, prototypes of psychodynamic, cognitive–behavioral or interpersonal therapy developed in previous studies based on experts' ratings. Our findings suggest that there may be much greater heterogeneity in treatment of trauma among clinicians in the community than might be assumed by the theoretical orientations they espouse. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semantic roles and residual grammatical categories in mother and child speech: who tunes into whom?

Mother and child speech in two half-hour free play conversations of six pairs were analysed for 15 semantic roles such as AGENT and ACTION, and five additional syntactic categories such as negation. Children were taped at the beginning of word combinations (1; 7–2; 0) and again 3 to 6 months later. Mothers and children were similar to one another in the relative frequency with which they used the different semantic and syntactic categories. However, the mothers' use was stable, including a larger number of categories than the children and showing few shifts in relative frequency. Insofar as changes took place over time, it was the children who changed to become more like their mothers, both in the semantic roles present and in their relative frequency of use. These findings are interpreted as evidence against a Fine-Tuning Hypothesis to explain the content of mothers' speech to children. The role of discourse topic restrictions in limiting the distribution of semantic roles is discussed.
The Development and Consequences of Trust in Student Project Groups

Student project groups are a popular teaching tool used by marketing and business instructors. Despite the merits of group projects, trust often breaks down, and a valuable opportunity for learning may deteriorate into disharmony and personal frustration. Using literature on teamwork, student project groups, and trust, as well as qualitative data gathered from 135 undergraduate business school students, the authors develop a model of the determinants and consequences of a climate of trust within student project groups. In particular, they consider the attributes and behaviors students consider when judging the trustworthiness of fellow group members, the perceived consequences of distrust within groups, and facilitating tools or activities that help foser group trust. Findings provide a number of interesting insights for instructors.
Antisense RNA to the C-fos gene: Restoration of density-dependent growth arrest in a transformed cell line

Fibroblasts transformed by v- sis have elevated levels of c- fos relative to non-transformed controls. Transfection and integration of plasmids directing the synthesis of antisense RNA to the c- fos gene leads to restoration of density-dependent growth arrest in monolayer culture, but does not inhibit colony formation in soft agar.
A sufficient condition for the local solvability of a linear partial differential operator with double characteristics

It is shown that a sufficient condition for the local solvability of an operator P(x, Dx) = Pm2 + P2m − 1, where P is an mth-order homogeneous operator of principal type with real coefficients, is that the imaginary part of the subprincipal symbol of P has constant sign near any null-bicharacteristic curve of Pm, and that the real part of the subprincipal symbol is not equal to zero when the imaginary part is.
GROWTH ESTIMATES FOR WARPING FUNCTIONS AND THEIR GEOMETRIC APPLICATIONS

By applying Wei, Li and Wu's notion (given in 'Generalizations of the uniformization theorem and Bochner's method in p-harmonic geometry', Comm. Math. Anal. Conf., vol. 01, 2008, pp. 46-68) and method (given in 'Sharp estimates on A-harmonic functions with applications in biharmonic maps, preprint) and by modifying the proof of a general inequality given by Chen in 'On isometric minimal immersion from warped products into space forms' (Proc. Edinb. Math. Soc., vol. 45, 2002, pp. 579-587), we establish some simple relations between geometric estimates (the mean curvature of an isometric immersion of a warped product and sectional curvatures of an ambient m-manifold ˜ M m c bounded from above by a non-positive number c )a ndanalytic estimates (the growth of the warping function). We find a dichotomy between constancy and 'infinity' of the warping functions on complete non-compact Riemannian manifolds for an appropriate isometric immersion. Several applications of our growth estimates are also presented. In particular, we prove that if f is an L q function on a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold N1 for some q > 1, then for any Riemannian manifold N2 the warped product N1 ×f N2 does not admit a minimal immersion into any non-positively curved Riemannian manifold. We also show that both the geometric curvature estimates and the analytic function growth estimates in this paper are sharp.
Embedded Clause Effects on Recall: Does High Prior Knowledge of Content Domain Overcome Syntactic Complexity in Students of Spanish?.

This study tested the effect of embedded clauses on recall for English-speaking high school students reading Spanish historical texts. Twenty-four students with high prior knowledge of Incan history and 24 with low prior knowledge read texts concerning the Incas. Three levels of syntactic complexity were defined: Level I (LI) contained the essential ideas for the topic; Level II (LII) embedded one clause with nonessential information within LI sentences; and Level III (LIII) embedded an additional clause within LII sentences. A significant decrease in the recall of the essential propositions occurred as the level of syntactic complexity increased. Readers with high prior knowledge recalled significantly more of the essential information for LI and LII. However, recall scores for the essential propositions in LIII were nearly equal to those for the low prior-knowledge group. In conclusion, the study found that complexity of sentence structure seemed to cancel the advantage of previous exposure to the content domain.
Public relations in dentistry. IX. Ethics and publicity

Dental society X will not allow its presi­ dent to have his picture appear in the newspaper. Dental society Y will allow news pictures to be taken at its monthly meeting but maintains an elaborate card index system to make certain that no member’s picture appears twice in any one year. Dental society Z asks newspaper reporters to submit their news stories for prior clearance, including the proposed headline. Societies X, Y and Z are not imagi­ nary; neither are they historical, nor are they unique. The question of personal publicity, of using a dentist’s name and picture in news media, is perhaps the most difficult that local societies face in the area of public relations. The nub of the question is this: Where is the line between legiti­ mate publicity and unethical advertising? It is not a line that can be drawn once and forevermore remain constant. It is stated in the Principles of Ethics that a dentist’s obligations to his profession “cannot be reduced to a changeless series of urgings and prohibitions for, while the basic obligation is constant, its ful­ fillment may vary with the changing needs of a society composed of the hu­ man beings that a profession is dedicated to serve.” Beyond this is the essential obligation of the dentist to participate in the edu­ cation of the public, insofar as that edu­ cation will advance the public health. The Principles of Ethics is clear on this point, both as to the obligation and the necessity for dignified exercise of that ob­ ligation :
Gel-spun carbon nanotubes/polyacrylonitrile composite fibers. Part I: Effect of carbon nanotubes on stabilization

Addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers significantly improves the mechanical properties of the resulting carbon fibers. This study focuses on the effect of different types of CNTs on chemical, mechanical and structural changes during the stabilization of gel-spun CNT/PAN composite fibers. Among the different types of CNTs, it was observed that CNTs containing more walls had lower reinforcement efficiency than CNTs containing fewer walls. Similarly CNTs containing fewer walls exhibited higher orientation of the ladder polymer and greater effect on the formation of β-amino nitrile in the stabilized fibers. Wide angle X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the optimum stabilization time. Additionally, it was found that the higher tension applied during stabilization improved the properties of the stabilized fibers, and the addition of CNTs increased the maximum tension that the fiber can bear.
HEV-associated cryoglobulinaemia and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E

268 www.thelancet.com/infection Vol 15 March 2015 but similar to what has been described in other extrahepatic manifestations related to HEV infection. In all reported cases thus far, HEV RNA in the cryoprecipitate was not assessed. In view of the growing interest in HEV infection and prevention, especially in immunosuppressed patients, more studies are needed to further delineate the HEV extrahepatic manifestations and their immunopathogenesis.
Regional white matter damage predicts speech fluency in chronic post-stroke aphasia.

Recently, two different white matter regions that support speech fluency have been identified: the aslant tract and the anterior segment of the arcuate fasciculus (ASAF). The role of the ASAF was demonstrated in patients with post-stroke aphasia, while the role of the aslant tract shown in primary progressive aphasia. Regional white matter integrity appears to be crucial for speech production; however, the degree that each region exerts an independent influence on speech fluency is unclear. Furthermore, it is not yet defined if damage to both white matter regions influences speech in the context of the same neural mechanism (stroke-induced aphasia). This study assessed the relationship between speech fluency and quantitative integrity of the aslant region and the ASAF. It also explored the relationship between speech fluency and other white matter regions underlying classic cortical language areas such as the uncinate fasciculus and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). Damage to these regions, except the ILF, was associated with speech fluency, suggesting synergistic association of these regions with speech fluency in post-stroke aphasia. These observations support the theory that speech fluency requires the complex, orchestrated activity between a network of pre-motor, secondary and tertiary associative cortices, supported in turn by regional white matter integrity.
Temperature-dependent rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radicals with 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, triethyl phosphate, and a series of alkylphosphonates.

Rate constants for the reactions of OH radicals with dimethyl methylphosphonate [DMMP, (CH3O)2P(O)CH3], dimethyl ethylphosphonate [DMEP, (CH3O)2P(O)C2H5], diethyl methylphosphonate [DEMP, (C2H5O)2P(O)CH3], diethyl ethylphosphonate [DEEP, (C2H5O)2P(O)C2H5], triethyl phosphate [TEP, (C2H5O)3PO] and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene have been measured over the temperature range 278−348 K at atmospheric pressure of air using a relative rate method. α-Pinene (for DEMP, DEEP, TEP and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene) and di-n-butyl ether (for DMMP and DMEP) were used as the reference compounds, and rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with di-n-butyl ether were also measured over the same temperature range using α-pinene and n-decane as the reference compounds. The Arrhenius expressions obtained for these OH radical reactions (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1 units) are 8.00 × 10-14e(1470±132)/T for DMMP (296−348 K), 9.76 × 10-14e(1520±14)/T for DMEP (296−348 K), 4.20 × 10-13e(1456±227)/T for DEMP (296−348 K), 6.46 × 10-13e(1339±376...
74. Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents: An Investigation of Forgiveness Amidst the Pain

brain injury were nearly 4 times more likely to be diagnosed with depression than thosewithout a brain injury (95%CI: 2.4 – 6.5). Other factors that were significantly associated with depression included poor or fair maternal mental health (OR 3.7, 95%CI 2.7 – 5.1), living with a parent who was unmarried (OR 2.4, 95%CI: 1.8 – 3.1), being older (OR 1.7, 95%CI: 1.3 – 2.3), and living in a family with an income below the national poverty level (OR 1.3, 95%CI: 1.0 – 1.8). Sex was not a significant risk factor. Conclusions: Experiencing a traumatic brain injury is associated with an increased risk for depression in adolescents. Patients with brain injury should be counseled regarding this risk, and screened for the development of depressive symptoms. Sources of Support: This research was supported in part by a fellowship from the Ruth L. Kirchstein National Research Service Award and a grant from the NIH Loan Repayment Program.
Experiences using a miniature vehicular network testbed

Despite increasingly realistic vehicular network simulations, the effects of real-world mobility on network and application performance in vehicular networks are still not well understood. We present Pharos, a small-scale vehicular network testbed with "push-button" experiment repeatability and develop a framework for analyzing network performance of vehicular networks simultaneously in simulation and in the real world. We empirically study the differences between real-world and simulated connectivity. Early experiment results using our vehicular testbed show significant differences between simulated and actual movements resulting in differences in wireless connectivity. Because of this, we implement a trace mobility model that allows the OMNeT++ simulator replay actual GPS-based movement traces collected by the testbed and scale to larger networks.
The role of exercise testing for evaluating patients with unstable angina.

Exercise testing is used to assess the degree of demand that results in myocardial ischemia and the functional result of induced ischemia, thus providing physiologic data that complement the anatomic information available from coronary angiography. Exercise testing has been shown to be useful for evaluating patients with stable coronary artery disease. The results of an exercise test can be used to evaluate patients presenting with chest pain,l for estimation of the ext,ent of disease and the prognosis,‘-’ or for determining the likelihood of benefit from surgical versus medical therapy.‘-” With respect to acute coronary syndromes, many studies have evaluated the use of exercise testing following myocardial infarctioni This report reviews the role of exercise test ing for evaluating patients with unstable angina. Natural history and pathophysiology. Iinstable angina embraces a spectrum of presentations, including new-onset angina, crescendo angina, and rest pain.x, ’ Patients with unstable angina have an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality”‘: studies of pat,ients with unstable angina who are treated with rest and minimal medication show a cardiac mortality of B”, to 10’;’ and an incidence 01 nonfatal myocardial infarction of 12 ’ , to 14 ’ , over a l-year follow-up. il.” In a IO-year prospective follow-up study of patients with unstable angina, Gazes et al.“’ noted an 82“( 1%month survival and a 48’, survival 120 months aft,er diagnosis. The reported incidence of cardiac events associated with unstable angina varies as a function of the patient population studied’“; patients presenting with rest pain have a particularly poor prognosis.” Pathologic and angiographic evidence suggest that acute coronary syndromes most, commonly occur as a
Correlations between industrial demands (direct and total) for communications and transportation in the U.S. economy 1947–1997

Using input–output (I–O) accounts provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, this study investigates the aggregate relationships between the transportation and communications inputs demanded (directly and in total) by all industries in the U.S., and compares the results across time. We analyzed five pairs of Spearman correlations of transportation and communications demands (utilities, manufacturing, and overall) using the direct and total coefficient tables from the ten benchmark input–output years spanning 1947 to 1997. To correctly represent the overall economy-wide relationship, each industry (direct table) or commodity (total table) in the correlation was weighted proportionately to the monetary value of its contribution to the U.S. economy. In the analysis using direct I–O coefficients, we found a pattern of predominant complementarity between transportation and communications manufacturing, and substitution between transportation and communications utilities. There are intriguing indications, however, of a shift from substitution to complementarity in the latter case, beginning around 1987. In the analysis using total I–O coefficients, we found a pattern of complementarity for all years between transportation and communications manufacturing, and a pattern changing from substitution to complementarity for the remaining four pairs (transportation manufacturing and communications utilities; transportation utilities and communications manufacturing; the utilities pair; and the overall pair). Thus, from the industrial perspective (which constitutes a sizable proportion of the total demand for communications and transportation), it is not realistic in modern times to expect telecommunications to substitute for travel. Nevertheless, further research is needed into the specific causes of the observed shift from substitution to complementarity, and current trends should continue to be monitored for any changes.
Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance in large organizations over time

The purpose of this study is to understand the longitudinal relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance. The authors obtain objective performance measures from archival sources and construct 10-year panel data from large, publicly traded German firms using letters to shareholders to derive entrepreneurial orientation (EO) information. Unlike prior research, this study measures all variables every year for the sample period. Analyses indicate that EO has a strong initial effect on firm performance and that this effect gradually declines with time. Competitive intensity and demand volatility influence the effect of EO on performance in both the short term and the long term. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Family Issues in End-of-life Decision Making and End-of-life Care

Family members are involved in every aspect of end-of-life decision making and care. The present article reviews family involvement in providing care during chronic and terminal illness, in discuss...
Comparison of lacrimation kinetics in dry eye patients and normals.

A 100 mm long and 5 mm wide filter paper strip enclosed in a transparent plastic sheath to prevent evaporation was used to determine the time dependence of wetting of the strip in the anesthetized eyes of dry eye patients and age-matched normals. Prior to the measurements, the paper strips were extracted by lipid solvents and marked at every millimeter length. Wetted length data were plotted against time and the resulting wetting curves were analyzed to obtain the time dependence of the tear secretion rate during lacrimation.Every eye studied exhibited an exponentially decaying tear secretion rate that could be characterized by three kinetic parameters per cycle: the initial and final tear secretion rates and the secretion decay coefficient. The eyes of the sicca patients showed a much simpler lacrimation pattern than did the controls: 60% of the dry eyes exhibited a one-cycle lacrimation pattern while only 5% of the normal group did so. The tear secretion kinetic parameters characterizing the lacrimation...
The nutritional status of the aged in the U.S.A.

An attempt was made to evaluate the nutritional status of the aged based on three large-scale federally sponsored surveys and several smaller studies. The evaluation is confounded by economic, socio-cultural, and genetic differences of the elderly as well as lack of agreement in methodology used and interpretation of the data obtained. Some general conclusions, however, can be reached. Calories, calcium, iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and ascorbic acid were consumed in amounts less than two-thirds of the RDA by substantial percentages of the elderly (approaching 50% for many nutrients). Protein intake tended to be adequate. Hemoglobin values were low for approximately 1 out of 10 elderly whites and 1 out of 4 elderly blacks. Biochemical indices of vitamin status were much less likely to be inadequate, i.e., 1% to 17% of the populations surveyed. Obesity, apparently related to physical inactivity rather than caloric excess, was a major finding. Inadequate nutrient intakes of the aged tended to be associated with inadequate income, being female and/or being black.
Quantum Biological Channel Modeling and Capacity Calculation

Quantum mechanics has an important role in photosynthesis, magnetoreception, and evolution. There were many attempts in an effort to explain the structure of genetic code and transfer of information from DNA to protein by using the concepts of quantum mechanics. The existing biological quantum channel models are not sufficiently general to incorporate all relevant contributions responsible for imperfect protein synthesis. Moreover, the problem of determination of quantum biological channel capacity is still an open problem. To solve these problems, we construct the operator-sum representation of biological channel based on codon basekets (basis vectors), and determine the quantum channel model suitable for study of the quantum biological channel capacity and beyond. The transcription process, DNA point mutations, insertions, deletions, and translation are interpreted as the quantum noise processes. The various types of quantum errors are classified into several broad categories: (i) storage errors that occur in DNA itself as it represents an imperfect storage of genetic information, (ii) replication errors introduced during DNA replication process, (iii) transcription errors introduced during DNA to mRNA transcription, and (iv) translation errors introduced during the translation process. By using this model, we determine the biological quantum channel capacity and compare it against corresponding classical biological channel capacity. We demonstrate that the quantum biological channel capacity is higher than the classical one, for a coherent quantum channel model, suggesting that quantum effects have an important role in biological systems. The proposed model is of crucial importance towards future study of quantum DNA error correction, developing quantum mechanical model of aging, developing the quantum mechanical models for tumors/cancer, and study of intracellular dynamics in general.
Entobia ichnofacies in fossil rocky shores, lower Pliocene, northwestern Mediterranean

Ichnological study of Lower Pliocene rocky shores in several northwestern Mediterranean basins has revealed the existence of a recurrent trace fossil assemblage of borings. This assemblage is dominated by the ichnogenera Gastrochaenolites and Entobia, which often are accompanied by other borings, such as Maeandropolydora, Caulostrepsis, Trypanites, Circolites, Iramena, and unnamed U-shaped borings. The same Gastrochaenolites-Entobia assemblage has been described from Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocky shores around the world, and these observations validate the recently proposed Entobia ichnofacies as a recurrent ichnofacies for post-Paleozoic rocky shores.
Preparative resolution of D,L‐threonine catalyzed by immobilized phosphatase

Hydrolysis of L- and D-O-phosphothreonines catalyzed by four different phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases from calf intestine and E. coli and acid phosphatases from wheat germ and potato, has been kinetically studied. Alkaline phosphatases were found to have comparable reactivities towards the optical isomers. On the other hand, both acid phosphatases displayed a marked stereoselectivity, hydrolyzing the L-ester much faster than its D counterpart. Wheat germ acid phosphatase was the most stereoselective enzyme: V(L)/V(D) = 24 and K(m,L)/K(m,D) = 0.17. This enzyme was immobilized (in k-carrageenan gel, followed by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde) and used for the preparative resolution of D,L-threonine: the latter was first chemically O-phosphorylated and then asymmetrically hydrolyzed by the immobilized phosphatase. As a result, gram quantities of L-threonine of high optical purity and O-phospho-D-threonine were prepared. Immobilized wheat germ phosphatase has been tested for the resolution of other racemic alcohols: serine, 2-amino-1-butanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-octanol, and menthol. In all those cases, the enzyme was either not sufficiently stereoselective or too slow for preparative resolutions.