cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A generalized framework for digital adjustment or correction

This paper provides a unified technique to deal with a number of open-ended, digital adjustment and/or correction techniques that have grown up as "special cases." These include corrections for system imperfections in channel matching, in frequency response, and/or in transient response. In the situations under consideration there is always a controlling variable, such as signal amplitude, and a controlled or correctable variable, such as the transient response. All of the systems to be corrected require a combination of: stability, the ability to sort the controlling variable, a digital storage mechanism, a control or correction mechanism, and a standard to provide the means to adjust the final results to within the desired tolerance. The methods are illustrated with results from an actual, digitally sampling, two-channel, seven-amplitude range, 10 MHz, 100 A, pulse current generating and measuring system. These results include the digital correction of the transient response of the system and introduce a 100 A "flatness standard." By using these concepts one may usually achieve at least a ten times reduction in the uncertainty in the transfer function of the system that is adjusted or corrected.
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Resists the Antiretroviral Activity of Equine APOBEC3 Proteins through a Packaging-Independent Mechanism

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), uniquely among lentiviruses, does not encode a vif gene product. Other lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), use Vif to neutralize members of the APOBEC3 (A3) family of intrinsic immunity factors that would otherwise inhibit viral infectivity. This suggests either that equine cells infected by EIAV in vivo do not express active A3 proteins or that EIAV has developed a novel mechanism to avoid inhibition by equine A3 (eA3). Here, we demonstrate that horses encode six distinct A3 proteins, four of which contain a single copy of the cytidine deaminase (CDA) consensus active site and two of which contain two CDA motifs. This represents a level of complexity previously seen only in primates. Phylogenetic analysis of equine single-CDA A3 proteins revealed two proteins related to human A3A (hA3A), one related to hA3C, and one related to hA3H. Both equine double-CDA proteins are similar to hA3F and were named eA3F1 and eA3F2. Analysis of eA3F1 and eA3F2 expression in vivo shows that the mRNAs encoding these proteins are widely expressed, including in cells that are natural EIAV targets. Both eA3F1 and eA3F2 inhibit retrotransposon mobility, while eA3F1 is a potent inhibitor of a Vif-deficient HIV-1 mutant and induces extensive editing of HIV-1 reverse transcripts. However, both eA3F1 and eA3F2 are weak inhibitors of EIAV. Surprisingly, eA3F1 and eA3F2 were packaged into EIAV and HIV-1 virions as effectively as hA3G, although only the latter inhibited EIAV infectivity. Moreover, all three proteins bound both the HIV-1 and EIAV nucleocapsid protein specifically in vitro. It therefore appears that EIAV has evolved a novel mechanism to specifically neutralize the biological activities of the cognate eA3F1 and eA3F2 proteins at a step subsequent to virion incorporation.
Spontaneous antithrombin in a patient with benign paraprotein

A 66-year-old man with peptic ulcer desease developed a paraprotein that resulted in a spontaneously prolonged prothromoin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin clotting time. Although the reptilase time was normal, the thrombin clotting time failed to correct with the addition of normal plasma, calcium, or protamine sulfate. The patient's purified fibrinogen was normal, but his serum contained an IgG that inhibited the clotting of normal plasma and purified fibrinogen in the presence of thrombin. In contrast to previously described paraproteins, this patient's IgG appeared to inhibit the activity of thrombin per se rather than to interfere with fibrinogen cleavage or fibrin polymerization. Although immunoprecipitation between thrombin and the paraprotein could not be demonstrated, the patient's purified IgG, in the presence of thrombin, decreased the thrombin activity on a chromogenic substrate. Further, increasing concentrations of thrombin overcame the inhibitory effect of the patient's paraprotein. Thus, the patient's paraprotein appeared to possess antithrombin activity.
Sequence, expression and localization of calmodulin-domain protein kinases in Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima

We have isolated and sequenced cDNA clones from Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima which encode proteins that share homology with a recently described family of calmodulin-domain protein kinases. The primary sequence data show that each of the protein kinases can be divided into 2 main functional domains – an amino-terminal catalytic domain typical of serine/threonine protein kinases and a carboxy-terminal domain homologous to calmodulin, which is capable of binding calcium ions at 4 ‘EF-hand’ motifs. Expression of the E. tenella calmodulin-domain protein kinase (EtCDPK) increased towards the end of oocyst sporulation, as judged by Northern and Western blotting, and indirect immunofluorescent antibody labelling showed that within a few minutes of adding sporozoites to target host cells in in vitro culture EtCDPK was found to be specifically associated with a filament-like structure that converges at the apical end of the parasite. Once the parasite entered the host cell EtCDPK appeared to be left on the host cell membrane at the point of entry, indicating a brief yet specific role for this molecule in the invasion of host cells by E. tenella.
The effect of umbilical vein occlusion on fetal oxygenation, cardiovascular parameters, and fetal electroencephalogram.

In 11 fetal sheep experiments, the blood pressure in the fetal aorta (FA) and in the umbilical vein (UV) was measured following umbilical vein occlusion (UVO), as was the fetal heart rate (FHR), pH, Pco2, and oxygen saturation (So2) in both fetal vessels, and umbilical blood flow (Qumb) of the common UV. The fetal electroencephalogram was recorded continuously throughout the experiment. The results (No. = 17) were grouped according to the response of FA So2 into moderate (So2greater than40 per cent, mean 49.8, S.D. 6.3, and severe So2less than40 per cent, mean 20.4, S.D. 9.2). After 8 to 10 seconds, the fetal blood pressure in FA increased. Umbilical vein blood pressure increased to 25 mm. Hg (S.D. 8) and 35 mm. Hg (S.D. 9) in the moderate and severe groups, respectively. As a result of the decreased perfusion pressure (FA-UV blood pressure) across the fetal side of the placenta, the Qumb fell from 147 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 57) and 30 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 55) to 84 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 48) and 120 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D.22), respectively. The fall in FA So2 was related to the decrease in Qumb: FA So2=37.6 x log Qumb - 22.8 (2alphaless than 0.001). There was a mild decrease in So2 from 70 to 55 per cent when Qumb fell from 250 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute. Below 80 to 120ml. per kilogram per minute, the fall in FA So2 was almost linear. The So2 in the UV remained constant so that arteriovenous difference for oxygen (AV Do2) increased. Oxygen consumption decreased almost linearly when Qumb fell below 80 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute. The fetal electroencephalogram showed no significant change in voltage and the faster activities. From these observations, it is concluded that a decrease in Qumb following UVO jeopardizes the fetus only if a critical Qumb of 80 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute and fetal artery So2 of 50 to 60 per cent is achieved.
Who is mestizo? Discussing race mixture in Nova Granada Realm, XVI and XVII centuries

Most of the literature on racial mixing in colonial Spanish America takes at face value the categories - indio, negro, mestizo, mulato, espanol - that appear in archival documents. Using a series of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century cases from the Nuevo Reino de Granada (today, Colombia), this article explores the instability of these categories, particularly of the intermediate ones, and the extent to which they are subject to social negotiation.
"Reforms Looked Really Good on Paper": Rural Food Service Responses to the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010.

BACKGROUND The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 (HHKA) required schools to make changes to meals provided to children. Rural school districts have limited resources, with increased obesity rates and local food insecurity. In this study we sought to understand the perceptions of rural food service directors and the barriers to implementing the changes. METHODS Food service directors from rural school districts were invited to complete a semistructured telephone interview and online survey. A total of 51 respondents completed both, 6 completed only the online survey, and 16 completed only the telephone interview. Qualitative interview data were analyzed through open thematic coding; descriptive statistics were calculated for the quantitative data. RESULTS Food service directors mostly perceived the changes as negative, challenging, and burdensome. They believed that the changes resulted from concern about childhood obesity, which they did not view as a problem for their students. Diverse challenges were reported related to cost, preparation, and student preference. CONCLUSIONS Food service directors in isolated, rural areas need support to enhance understanding of HHKA requirements, build professional networks to learn from one another, and communicate with students, families, and other stakeholders. Future efforts should focus on changing perceptions and supporting directors in order to make implementation a success.
Discriminative stimulus properties of the isomers of pentobarbital and secobarbital in pigeons.

To date there have been no reports on the discriminative stimulus properties of barbiturate isomers in laboratory animals or man in which the individual isomers were used in the development of the discrimination. To determine what stereospecificity might exist for the stimulus properties of barbiturate isomers, one group of pigeons was trained to discriminate 5 mg/kg of (S)-(-)-pentobarbital from saline and another group was trained to discriminate 8 mg/kg of (R)-(+)-pentobarbital from saline. After responding had stabilized, dose-response curves were determined in both groups for (S)-(-)-pentobarbital (0.3-10 mg/kg), (R)-(+)-pentobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg), (S)-(-)-secobarbital (0.3-10 mg/kg), (R)-(+)-secobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg), racemic Na.pentobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg) and racemic Na.secobarbital (1-17.5 mg/kg). In both groups of pigeons, both isomers of pentobarbital and secobarbital, as well as racemic pentobarbital and racemic secobarbital, showed complete generalization to the training stimulus. For both pentobarbital and secobarbital, the S-(-) isomers showed generalization to the training drug at lower doses than the corresponding R-(+) isomers. No differences were observed in the dose-response curves for the racemic mixtures as a function of the training drug. Thus, no stereoselective differences other than potency could be demonstrated for the stimulus properties of the isomers of pentobarbital and secobarbital.
Hematopoietic mutations in the zebrafish

We have identified mutations that perturb the formation or differentiation of the first embryonic blood cells in the zebrafish embryo. These ‘primitive’ red blood cells originate in the intermediate cell mass of the trunk, a derivative of the dorsal lateral plate mesoderm. By transfusion of blood between embryos we demonstrate that this cohort of cells provides the embryo with all, or nearly all, of its blood cells until at least day 5 postfertilization. Larval lethal mutations generated by ENU mutagenesis affect different steps in the development of these cells. Some cause defects in precursor generation, others defects in differentiation, and others an increase in cellular photosensitivity.
Results of treatment of hip disorders with cup arthroplasty.

We have analyzed our results after 543 cup arthroplasties in 475 patients with a variety of hip disorders. Data concerning the operation itself, postoperative management, and complications have been presented. Two hundred fifty-one patients (294 hips) were examined three to sixteen years after operation. The results have been compared with the preoperative condition. Over-all improvement occurred in 90 per cent of the patients. Pain was completely relieved in two-thirds of the patients and improved in 90 per cent. The results in terms of gait, working ability, and activities of daily living were enumerated. Results were correlated with technical factors, clinical examination and roentgenographic findings. We concluded that cup arthroplasty is a useful procedure in the treatment of hip disease and have pointed out some of the areas where further improvement is needed.
Philippines: Continuing Child Detention with Adults in Police Lockups, Arbitrary Detention of “Rescued” Street Children, and Extrajudicial Execution of Children Accused of Violating the Law

Criminal contamination even among the ranks of children occurs during detention, due to the lack of segregation of children based on the charges filed against them. For example, a child who has been arrested and detained merely for littering, from experiencing detention with adult crime suspects in police jails, also end up being detained with other children belonging to street gangs involved in solvent-sniffing, theft, and robbery. Children generally end up becoming hardened individuals stigmatized and ostracized by society on account of their arrest and prolonged detention. Given their experience, it is with criminal gangs whom they came into contact with during detention, that children feel an affinity with.Generally, Department of Social Welfare and Development and Public Attorney’s Office personnel, due to lack of operational capacity, do not visit police jails, where ghost and police child detainees languish into oblivion. Even the Commission on Human Rights does not have the operational capability to conduct jail visits nationwide, hence, the lack of effective grassroots mechanisms to monitor, prevent, and redress the onslaughts against children in police prisons.The lack of transparency and accountability on the part of law enforcers who lock up children in police headquarters, stations, and sub-stations erected the wall of impunity surrounding the practice of jailing children with adults. This lack of transparency, made worse by the utter lack of an effective system of checks and balances, is taking its toll on child detainees, who risk getting sodomized, tortured, raped, and tattooed during police custody. This is not to mention the routine violation by the police of the child prisoners’ Miranda rights or constitutional right to be informed of their right to remain silent and to have an independent and competent counsel of their own choice.
Liposome-encapsulated actinomycin D: potential in cancer chemotherapy.

SummaryActinomycin D, when encapsulated within liposomes, is less toxic to mice than the nonencapsulated form. A single dose (0.75 mg/kg) or multiple doses (1 × 0.50, 4 × 0.25 mg/kg) significantly increased the mean survival time of mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Liposomes containing actinomycin D were found in tumor cells and cell degeneration and death were subsequently observed.
Motivation for cribbing by horses

The motivation to crib was compared to the motivation to eat. Eight horses (Equus caballus) were operantly conditioned to push a switch for the opportunity to crib. When a progressive ratio was imposed, they worked as hard for a cribbing opportunity as for the opportunity to eat sweetened grain indicating a high demand. Another measure of motivation is the effort expended by the animal. The force exerted when a horse cribs was measured by attaching weights to a door and observing how heavy the weights had to be to prevent the horse from pulling a door toward itself when it cribbed. Seven horses were tested. Each neck flex of a crib-biting action was forceful enough to lift 29.4 (± 5) kg. The motivation to crib and the force involved indicates that thwarting cribbing is a welfare issue.
Effects of Annealing Temperature on Hydrogen Storage Ability of DC05EK Enamel Steel

The variations of the hydrogen storage ability of the enamel steel DC05EK with the annealing temperatures were studied.The effects of the precipitate behaviour on the hydrogen permeation time were studied at different annealing temperatures.The results showed that with the increase of the annealing temperature,the ability of hydrogen storage of the test steel was reduced and the hydrogen permeation time shortened due to the decrease of the amount of small-sized precipitates.When the annealing temperature increased from 730 ℃ to 850 ℃,the hydrogen permeation time reduced from 16.5 min to 11.9 min.When the annealing temperature was 870 ℃,the hydrogen permeation time rapidly reduced to 3.6 min and the hydrogen storage ability was lack,which caused by the dissolve of small-sized precipitates.The optimal continuous annealing temperature for the enamel steel DC05EK is 730 ~ 850 ℃.
Building apps on large teams - Advantages of being inclusive

You are on the cutting edge with development tools and your small team is having a great time and delivering quickly -- but what happens when you grow beyond your current size? Much of Google runs on Angular where large teams of many different roles collaborate to build products. I'll explain how we take advantage of Angular's unique capabilities to include distributed teams, designers, testers, and other roles in the full process.
Multidimensional Uncertainty Quantification of Microwave/RF Networks Using Linear Regression and Optimal Design of Experiments

In this paper, a nonintrusive polynomial chaos (PC) approach for the fast multidimensional uncertainty quantification of microwave/RF networks is presented. The key feature of this paper is the development of a linear regression methodology based on sparse D-optimal design of experiments to accurately evaluate the PC coefficients of the network responses. A greedy search algorithm to identify the sparse set of D-optimal design of experiments from within a multidimensional random space has been presented. Additional numerical approaches to further accelerate the search algorithm for high-dimensional random spaces have also been developed.
DSC for Ocular Regeneration

Due to their neural crest origins, dental stem cells are being studies as a potential cell source to regenerate neural crest derived tissues throughout the body. Here we review work in the research area of using dental stem cells for ocular regeneration. Stem cells isolated from dental pulp stem cells, stem cells from exfoliated teeth, or periodontal ligament are being investigated to corneal disorders or retinal degeneration. These stem cells can be easily isolated for autologous use making them a viable option for ocular regeneration.
Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Expression in Resected Lung Adenocarcinomas: Association with Immune Microenvironment

Abstract Introduction Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells can be upregulated via activation of CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) or the T helper cell (Th1) pathway, counterbalancing the CTL/Th1 microenvironment. However, PD-L1 expression in association with subtypes of tumor-associated lymphocytes and molecular alterations has not been well characterized in lung adenocarcinomas. Methods PD-L1 expression was evaluated in 261 resected lung adenocarcinomas using tissue microarrays and various scoring systems, and was correlated with clinicopathologic/molecular features, including the extent/subtype of tumor-associated lymphocytes (i.e., CD8, T-bet [Th1 transcription factor], and GATA3 [Th2 transcription factor]), and patient outcomes. Results PD-L1 expression was present in 129 (49%), 95 (36.5%), and 62 (24%) cases using cutoffs of ≥1%, ≥5%, and ≥50%, respectively, 98 (38%) by H score and 72 (28%) by immune score. PD-L1 expression was associated with abundant CD8 + and/or T-bet + tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and EGFR wild-type, significant smoking history, and aggressive pathologic features. In addition, concurrent PD-L1 expression and abundant CD8 + tumor-associated lymphocytes were seen in 25% of KRAS mutants or cases with no alterations by clinical molecular testing as opposed to only 7.4% of EGFR mutants. PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with decreased progression-free and overall survival rates by univariate analysis, but not by multivariate analysis. Conclusion PD-L1 expression in resected lung adenocarcinomas is frequently observed in the presence of CTL/Th1 microenvironment, in particular in those with KRAS mutations or no common molecular alterations, suggesting that blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis may be a promising treatment strategy to reinstitute active immune response for at least a subset of such patient populations.
Legal Briefs: Aggressive Gavage Feeding and Gastric Perforation

Twins at 341/7 weeks’ gestation were born to a 33-year-old healthy mother with a pregnancy remarkable for in vitro fertilization, diamniotic, dichorionic twins, and preterm labor. After a full course of antenatal corticosteroids, the twins were born by cesarean delivery. Twin A was a 2,410-g male infant with Apgar scores of 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. His examination findings were normal, and his complete blood count was unremarkable. On day 1 an order was written to begin feeding the infant with either breast milk or premature formula (20 calories per ounce). The feedings were to be initiated by gavage or nipple feeding at 5 mL every 3 hours for two times and subsequently to increase by 3 mL every 3 hours to a maximum feed of 20 mL/kg every 3 hours; a concomitant order to decrease the intravenous fluid rate was written as the oral feeds increased. On day 1 the infant fed well, taking each feed by nipple within 20 minutes. By the end of day 1, he was nippling 17 mL. The mean heart rate (HR) was 131 beats per minute. The abdominal girth, measured 4 times, was 28 cm. Instead of losing weight at this point, he gained 60 g. On day 2 the infant was initially nippling his feeds well, but when the amount reached 30 mL, he began feeding poorly; he needed stimulation to suck, was sleepy, needed chin support, and required an increasing time to nipple feed. At this point the nurse decided to gavage feed the infant to keep up with the feeding schedule of an increase of 3 mL every feed. The nurse inserted a nasogastric tube. She did not document the depth of insertion. The nurse maintained at her deposition that she inserted the …
Imaging of Craniofacial Disorders

Summary The unique anatomy of the patient with a congenital or acquired craniofacial anomaly presents a great challenge to the surgeon, whose treatment goal is to normalize the face. Advanced imaging modalities, especially computer-aided, three-dimensional visualization of the craniofacial complex, facilitate the diagnosis, planning, and execution of the surgical plan and allow the surgeon to see the invisible and do the impossible. Imaging modalities available to enhance the surgeon's understanding of the problem include CT, MR imaging, nuclear imaging, and US. In the future, earlier intervention, including fetal surgery, may be possible for many congenital anomalies that affect the face through prenatal diagnosis using three-dimensional US and other diagnostic tools.
First-line vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors for advanced renal cell carcinoma and the impact of new agents entering the treatment paradigm.

Clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of new therapies versus standard of care (SOC) for advanced RCC (aRCC), which includes locally advanced and metastatic RCC (mRCC), are ongoing. The current first-line standards of care for the treatment of aRCC with clear cell histology are the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sunitinib and pazopanib[1,2]. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Introduction and Principles

With the probable exception of Wohler’s isomerization of ammonium isocyanate to urea, most of the major advances in organic chemistry have been preceded and presaged by a number of diverse and perhaps minor advances. In some cases the early work was recognized, extended and built upon. In other cases, early examples of particular phenomena were recognized only after a general statement of principles had been offered. Phase transfer catalysis (ptc) is a major advance which is preceded by earlier examples of related phenomena but most if not all of these examples were recognized as examples of phase transfer catalysis only after the principles had coalesced in several minds across the world.
Synergy Between Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy

Radiotherapy has been used for over 50 years as an effective modality to kill cancer cells. Much of the efforts to improve its efficacy have been focused on improving dose delivery to the tumor while sparing as much as possible normal tissue around it. This task has inspired generations of biologists and clinical investigators to study the mechanisms of radiation damage and repair of different tissues. A century of preclinical and clinical research has established the basic principle of dose fractionation, with well-established protocols to safely deliver a cytocidal dose to the tumor while enabling recovery of normal tissue often with daily regimens delivered over several weeks. More recently, technological progress has resulted in linear accelerators that very precisely target the tumor and its movement during dose delivery, enabling safety of regimens with fewer, larger doses of radiation. Noticeably, this approach has demonstrated not only to be more convenient for the patients but often to achieve better results in tumor control. Since hypo-fractionated radiation has often resulted in outcomes comparable to those of surgery, it has gained the naming of “ablative radiotherapy.”
Radiographic Evaluation of the Child with Heart Disease

Despite the development of advanced imaging techniques, the chest radiograph remains an important tool in evaluation of the child with heart disease in the acute care setting. A systematic approach should be used in reviewing chest radiographs, with the “ABCD’S” mnemonic serving as a useful checklist of items to evaluate. On the chest radiograph, abnormalities in cardiac size and shape, pulmonary vasculature, airway position and morphology, and situs and osseous structures may be encountered in children with heart disease. The differential diagnoses of massive cardiothymic silhouette enlargement are relatively limited. Specific chamber enlargement may be determined in older children. Abnormalities in the radiographic appearance of the pulmonary vasculature reflect underlying alterations in pulmonary blood flow. Airway position deviates from normal in the presence of a vascular ring/pulmonary sling or mediastinal mass. Situs abnormalities detected on chest radiographs should prompt additional cardiac evaluation since the incidence of congenital heart disease is greater than normal in such cases. Osseous abnormalities may be seen on the chest radiograph in association with cardiovascular lesions or as a result of medical and surgical treatment for cardiovascular disease.
FEEDS, PREDICTION OF ENERGY AND PROTEINS | Feed Energy

Energy is defined as the amount of work that a system is capable of doing. In dairy cattle nutrition, a feed energy system should accurately estimate the amount of work (maintenance of the cow, milk production, growth, pregnancy, etc.) a diet can support. To estimate the available energy contents of feeds, the potential losses of energy through digestion, including through faeces, urine, gases, and heat, must be estimated. Formulation of diets so that adequate energy is consumed by cows is a challenge because factors governing the availability of energy from diets are complex and energy availability cannot be measured directly using laboratory techniques. Knowing the energy content of feeds is important for diet formulation and comparing the economic value of different feeds. A variety of methods are available to estimate the energy content of feeds ranging from the use of reference values found in feed composition tables to extremely complex mathematical models. Basic energy concepts and methods for estimating the energy contents of feed will be discussed in this article.
On-Line State Estimation

On-line state estimation is concerned with computing solutions of the basic load flow problem every few minutes using on-line data telemetered periodically to the energy control center. As shown in Figure 8.1 this is done at present for the internal bulk transmission system of the utility concerned. Data exchanges with other neighboring utilities for the purpose of developing an external network equivalent model, will be made easier if every utility has an on-line state estimator. As discussed in Chapter 4, an external equivalent representation will be necessary to perform on-line contingency analysis. Without an external equivalent model the uses of on-line state estimation will be limited to the monitoring of voltage levels, phase angles, line flows, and network topology. Another benefit is to use state estimator outputs for short-term load forecasting which is the subject of Chapter 9.
A novel approach to investigating frictional electrification and charge decay on woven textile fabrics treated with ionic antistatic and hydrophilic surface finishes

AbstractThe results of a study of charge generation and decay for range of woven fabrics from ring spun cotton yarns, ring spun polyester yarns, and flat continuous filament polyester yarns treated with topical finishes are reported. The topical finishes include commercially available ionic antistatic finishes, one commercially available hydrophilic finish, and a new experimental moisture management finish. The fabrics were rubbed against surface of steel and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; Teflon®) and their frictional electrification and charge dissipation were monitored. It is shown that fabrics from cotton have a more rapid inherent charge decay than fabrics from polyester. Ionic antistatic finishes are shown to be effective in reducing charge generation and promoting charge decay and this is particularly true for the fabrics made from filament polyester. When commercially available and experimental hydrophilic finishes were applied on fabrics made from filament polyester, less charge was generated and...
True-Fill: A Prototype to Know Actual Fuel Filled at Petrol Pump Using Sensors for Common Indians

Newspapers are often filled with news of tempered petrol pumps and pump mafia cheating the common people using chips. Common bikers are usually unaware of such chips. They get less quantity of fuel than the amount they pay. All bikes have fuel indicators on the dashboard but these indicators do not display the accurate value in numeric format of the present fuel inside the tank. Minimum changes in fuel level inside the tank are not reflected on display. Common Indian bikers are often unable to detect such minor changes on a fuel indicator for less than 100 ml fuel value. According to the user study, it is found that most of the bikers have less trust on indicators of fuel dispenser machines of petrol pumps. This paper proposes a sensor-based fuel indicator system which is designed to indicate true fuel value inside the bike’s fuel tank. The proposed prototype of True-Fill (proposed name for a microcontroller-based system to indicate true value of petrol filled) system would help the common people of India to protect themselves from tempered petrol pump.
SymmetricPhthalocyanine Charge Carrier for Dual Redox Flow Battery/CapacitorApplications

Utilizing a slurry-based symmetric charge carrier coupled with a conductive carbon additive is a promising method for developing simple, low-cost, and stable hybrid electrochemical flow systems for...
108 A subxiphoid approach to the resection of enlarged cardiophrenic lymph nodes in primary treatment of advanced ovarian cancer

Objectives To demonstrate a subxiphoid approach to the resection of enlarged cardiophrenic lymph nodes (CPLNs) in primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer (OC). Methods We assembled video footage from a primary debulking surgery performed for a patient with OC and cardiophrenic lymphadenopathy. The lymph nodes were resected in addition to the abdominopelvic tumor debulking, leaving the patient with no gross residual disease. Results Key components of the subxiphoid approach for cardiophrenic lymphadenectomy are shown. These include entering the thoracic cavity by incising under the xiphoid process, resecting enlarged lymph nodes, and closing the defect. The vertical midline abdominal incision is extended to expose the xiphoid process. The CPLNs are identified. The pleural cavity may be entered to improve exposure. The surgeon can palpate the enlarged lymph nodes and remove them though the subxiphoid opening. After adequate hemostasis is achieved and a chest tube placed, the defect is closed. Conclusions Using still photographs and video, we demonstrate the technique for accessing the mediastinum through a subxiphoid approach, obviating the necessity of entering through the diaphragm.
PKCε regulates Rho GTPases and actin cytoskeleton reorganization in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Oncogenic protein kinase C epsilon (PKCe) promotes the formation of membrane ruffles and motility in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that PKCe is down-regulated when NSCLC cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to TGF-β, thus becoming dispensable for migration and invasion in the mesenchymal state. PKCe silencing or inhibition leads to stress fibre formation, suggesting that this kinase negatively regulates RhoA activity. Ruffle formation induced by PKCe activation in the epithelial state is dependent on PI3K, but does not involve the PI3K-dependent Rac-GEFs Ect2, Trio, Vav2 or Tiam1, suggesting alternative Rac-GEFs as mediators of this response. In the proposed model, PKCe acts as a rheostat for Rho GTPases that differs in the epithelial and mesenchymal states.
Advancing the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) as a model for immunotoxicity testing: Characterization of the renal transcriptome following Yersinia ruckeri infection.

Abstract Recent studies have utilized the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to explore the immunotoxic effects associated with a variety of environmental contaminants in the absence of immunological stimuli. Though this approach allows for alterations in the resting immune system to be detected, previous evidence suggests that many immunotoxic effects may only manifest in the activated immune system. However, basic immune responses to pathogens have not been well described in this species. To expand the utility of the fathead minnow as a model for immunotoxicity testing, a more comprehensive understanding of the activated immune system is required. As such, the main goal of this study was to characterize the transcriptomic response to pathogen infection in the fathead minnow using RNA sequencing. To achieve this goal, female fathead minnows were intraperitoneally injected with either Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (sham-injected) or Yersinia ruckeri (pathogen-injected). Eight hours following injection, fish were sacrificed for the assessment of general morphological (i.e., mass, length, condition factor, hepatic index) and immunological (i.e., leukocyte counts, spleen index) endpoints. To assess the molecular immune response to Y. ruckeri, kidney tissue was collected for transcriptomic analysis. A comparison of sham- and pathogen-injected fish revealed that >1800 genes and >500 gene networks were differentially expressed.Gene networks associated with inflammation, innate immunity, complement, hemorrhaging and iron absorption are highlighted and their utility within the context of immunotoxicity is discussed. These data reveal pathogen-related molecular endpoints to improve data interpretation of future studies utilizing the fathead minnow as a model for immunotoxicity.
Structural capacity and fatigue performance of ASTM A709 Grade 50CR steel

Abstract ASTM A709 Grade 50CR steel includes a range of 10.5% to 12.5% chromium, which greatly enhances the corrosion resistance of this type of steel in comparison to conventional steels widely used for structural applications. Despite the wealth of information on the durability of ASTM A709 Grade 50CR steel in corrosive environments, there was a gap in the literature concerning how this type of steel responds to the loads that the structures experience during their service life. To investigate this critical aspect and facilitate the future use of corrosion-resistant steel, the current study devised a holistic structural testing program with a focus on bridge applications. For this purpose, a full-scale girder was designed, fabricated, and tested under a four-point bending setup. The girder’s ability to meet the design expectations was assessed by comparing the results to the requirements of AASHTO Bridge Design Specifications. In addition, several tensile and fatigue tests were carried out to obtain an in-depth understanding of the performance of ASTM A709 Grade 50CR steel under both monotonic and cyclic loading scenarios. This led to the development of load–displacement, stress–strain, and S-N curves. The investigations were then expanded to quantify the remaining capacity of three different types of steel, i.e., corrosion-resistant steel, weathering steel, and carbon steel. For this purpose, a set of simulations were performed to estimate the corrosion rate and section loss of the girders under consideration over time. The outcome of this holistic study contributed to providing the insight necessary for the safe and efficient design of structural members made with corrosion-resistant steel.
Distributed demand-side management for microgrids in modern power system

Abstract This chapter introduces the distributed demand-side management strategies for modern power system with microgrids (MGs). The first distributed demand response (DR) application is direct load control. It has been an open issue to address the peak load shedding in a network of multiple types of buildings, like a campus MG, where each building is concerned about maximizing its own end user's satisfaction level. A decentralized DR model is developed to realize peak load shaving under the incentive of minimizing the affected population caused by the load interruption. It is solved by an alternating direction method of multipliers–-based DR algorithm considering complementary building consumption patterns. A simulated system based on the consumption data of the University of Connecticut cogeneration plant is built to validate the effectiveness of the proposed DR control. The second distributed DR application is emergency DR, which is critical for increasing power system resilience in disaster recovery. This chapter presents a game-theoretic DR approach for MG-aided restoration service. The transmission line sensitivity analysis is applied to quantify the physical impacts of energy trading on the system stability level. Taking these quantified impacts as the stability incentive rewards earned by MGs aside from the economic incentive rewards, the interactions between the utility and MGs become highly combinatorial. A two-level game structure is built to model energy trading between the utility and MGs for the restoration service. The first level is a Nash game to formulate the noncooperative relationship among MGs. The second level is a Stackelberg game led by the utility for determining the electricity price, which could maximize restoration service cost efficiency. Case studies on IEEE 6-bus and 57-bus test systems demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed distributed DR approach on energy trading decision support for MG-aided restoration service.
Shelter In Place: Convertible Poncho

The Shelter in Place Convertible Poncho was designed for a fictional future scenario where the “heroes" live in a dystopian society in which a corporation rose to power by consolidating the entire population into one workforce. The lifestyles of the citizens are restricted. They are not allowed to leave the corporate centers and all recreational activities are eliminated."The Runners” as they call themselves, revolt and sneak out to take part in illegal activities. The product inspired by hunting blinds and made out of scavenged garbage was designed to avoid detection and capture by the corporate power’s police force as well as provide shelter, coverage and protection.Although this project was created for a fictional group of people this product is relevant in a world where Covid-19 exists and homelessness affects so many in our community. The shelter that converts to a jacket is a concept that should be explored for those not having the luxury of sheltering at home.
Annulative Methods in the Synthesis of Complex Meroterpene Natural Products.

ConspectusFrom the venerable Robinson annulation to the irreplaceable Diels-Alder cycloaddition, annulation reactions have fueled the progression of the field of natural product synthesis throughout the past century. In broader terms, the ability to form a cyclic molecule directly from two or more simpler fragments has transformed virtually every aspect of the chemical sciences from the synthesis of organic materials to bioconjugation chemistry and drug discovery. In this Account, we describe the evolution of our meroterpene synthetic program over the past five years, enabled largely by the development of a tailored anionic annulation process for the synthesis of hydroxylated 1,3-cyclohexanediones from lithium enolates and the reactive β-lactone-containing feedstock chemical diketene.First, we provide details on short total syntheses of the prototypical polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) natural products hyperforin and garsubellin A, which possess complex bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane architectures. Notably, these molecules have served as compelling synthetic targets for several decades and induce a number of biological effects of relevance to neuroscience and medicine. By merging our diketene annulation process with a hypervalent iodine-mediated oxidative ring expansion, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane architectures can be easily prepared from simple 5,6-fused bicyclic diketones in only two chemical operations. Leveraging these two key chemical reactions in combination with various other stereoselective transformations allowed for these biologically active targets to be prepared in racemic form in only 10 steps.Next, we extend this strategy to the synthesis of complex fungal-derived meroterpenes generated biosynthetically from the coupling of 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA) and farnesyl pyrophosphate. A Ti(III)-mediated radical cyclization of a terminal epoxide was used to rapidly prepare a 6,6,5-fused tricyclic ketone which served as an input for our annulation/rearrangement process, ultimately enabling a total synthesis of protoaustinoid A, an important biosynthetic intermediate in DMOA-derived meroterpene synthesis, and its oxidation product berkeleyone A. Through a radical-based, abiotic rearrangement process, the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane cores of these natural products could again be isomerized, resulting in the 6,5-fused ring systems of the andrastin family and ultimately delivering a total synthesis of andrastin D and preterrenoid. Notably, these isomerization transformations proved challenging when employing classic, acid-induced conditions for carbocation generation, thus highlighting the power of radical biomimicry in total synthesis. Finally, further oxidation and rearrangement allowed for access to terrenoid and the lactone-containing metabolite terretonin L.Overall, the merger of annulative diketene methodology with an oxidative rearrangement transformation has proven to be a broadly applicable strategy to synthesize bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-containing natural products, a class of small molecules with over 1000 known members.
Variation of liver mineral concentrations in Florida beef cattle diagnosed with ovarian follicular dysplasia

Ovarian Follicular Dysplasia (OFD) is a slowly progressive bilateral abnormal growth and/ or development of ovarian follicles eventually transforming into Sertoli-form Granulosa Cell Tumor. Cattle with OFD are often infertile leading to culling from the herd. The leading cause of infertility in Florida beef cows is OFD. The purpose of this study was to describe OFD through mineral analysis in order to lay the groundwork for ante-mortem identification of OFD. Additionally, mineral analysis may provide evidence of inciting factors surrounding the development of OFD.
Sentiment Analysis of The United States Senate Twitter Feeds in Election Year 2020

Sentiment is a powerful motivation which reflects the ideology of politicians. Twitter has now become a common platform for the United States members of Congress to express and proliferate their agenda to the voter-base. Does Twitter play a role in the outcome for the Senate race elections in 2020? Is there a relationship between the sentiments of winners and losers on social media? In this paper, we analyze these key relationships between incumbent senators and their challengers from over thirty states, most of which are key battleground states. The Twitter feed for all the politicians is mined, cleaned and analyzed using sentiment analysis and statistical modelling using Python and MATLAB. We find that the difference between the rate of tweet and sentiment scores for sitting senators and their challengers from the Republican and Democratic party is significantly different. We also report that there is a notable difference between tweet rate and sentiment score for members within a party.
Finding approximate analytical solutions of differential equations using Neural Networks with self-adaptive training sets

Artificial Neural Networks are known as powerful models capable of discovering complicated patterns and are de facto standard models in deep learning. But they are also universal function approximators and, consequently, their applicability extends to finding approximate solutions for many computational problems. These applications are interesting not only for mathematicians, but also for computer scientists and engineers interested in learning new models for many classical problems (for instance, fluid dynamics modelling, dynamical systems control, etc.). We present Neural Networks based methods for solving differential equations analytically and use the underlying optimization problem’s loss function to produce localized additional training data. Our method uses a reduced initial training dataset, which is gradually, non-uniformly augmented in order to reduce the model’s approximation error. This method can be used to directly produce analytical solutions for differential equations or as a pre-processing method for finding optimal, non-uniform grid points for traditional grid-based methods.