cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycemia as a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity

Hyperglycemia has recently been described as a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a proliferative vascular disease of the retina that primarily affects premature infants. This study was to evaluate the relationship of hyperglycemia and the development of ROP in premature infants less than 32 weeks gestation. This was a retrospective cohort study of all infants less than 32 weeks gestation from 2003–2007 who survived to discharge in our NICU. Demographic data including birthweight, gestational age, Apgar scores, method of delivery, antenatal steroid use, neonatal steroid use, and size for gestational age was collected for each infant. Episodes of sepsis, grade of intraventricular hemorrhage, presence of a patent ductus arteriosus, number of days on the ventilator, and stage of necrotizing enterocolitis were assessed as well as days of hyperglycemia, defined as number of days with whole blood glucose > 150 mg/dl. In addition, the highest stage of ROP was recorded for each infant. A Student’s two tailed t-test or Fisher’s exact test was performed to identify significant clinical risk factors associated with the development of ROP. From this univariate analysis, a multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of hyperglycemia on the development of ROP, adjusting for significant clinical risk factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS v.9.2. Univariate analysis demonstrated that infants with ROP were of lower birthweight and gestational age, and were affected by a patent ductus arteriosus, neonatal sepsis, intraventricular hemorrhage, have significant lung disease and received postnatal glucocorticoid therapy. Infants with ROP experienced more days with hyperglycemia (7 vs. 2, p = < 0.0001). Using multiple logistic regression analysis to compare no ROP vs. all stages of ROP, gestational age (OR 0.745, 95% CI [0.634, 0.877], p = 0.0004), mean days of hyperglycemia (OR 1.073, 95% CI [1.004, 1.146], p = 0.04), and mean days receiving mechanical ventilation (OR 1.012, 95% CI [1.000, 1.025], p = 0.05) remained significantly associated with ROP after adjusting for other risk factors. Our data suggests that hyperglycemia is associated with the development of ROP in premature infants.
Microwave electrothermal propulsion for space

The microwave electrothermal thruster (MET) is attractive for medium- or high-power spacecraft propulsion. A propellant gas is heated by passing it through a microwave plasma discharge created in a resonant cavity by tuning either the TM
Settlement Associated with Thawing of Permafrost: ABSTRACT

Unique engineering problems are encountered in the design, construction, and maintenance of facilities in permafrost areas. Changes to the thermal regime of permafrost produces corresponding changes in the mechanical and physical properties of the soils. Degradation of permafrost can result in large settlements which commonly are differential and hence more damaging or detrimental to the operation and performance of structures, utilities, roads, and airfields. The degradation of permafrost may be caused by building heat or from disturbance to the ground cover, solar radiation, drainage, underground utilities, groundwater flow, or by construction methods. An assessment of the potential settlement associated with the thawing of permafrost is therefore essential, and require a thorough understanding of frozen soil mechanics. The known occurrence and distribution of ice in permafrost and the basic relations between volume and weights of frozen and thawed soils can be shown in diagrams and sections, and can be expressed by appropriate equations. Laboratory test results on thaw-consolidation End_Page 2475------------------------------ of undisturbed frozen cores from several locations are of considerable interest. Although most frozen soils tested contained freshwater ice, some plastic silt and clay samples containing significant quantities of brine also were tested. The latter samples were obtained at Kotzebue and Point Barrow, Alaska. The writer shows the identity between the consolidation theory advanced by Terzaghi for thawed soils, using void ratios, and the relation between frozen and thawed dry unit weight of soils. On the basis of this identity, one may estimate quantitatively the total settlement from information in single boreholes and the differential settlement between 2 or more adjacent borings. There also are methods for building in ice-rich permafrost areas, including methods of preserving the frozen state or pre-thawing and consolidating. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2476------------
Application of Machine Vision Techniques for Fault Diagnostics and System Examination of Braid

Important factors of braid formation are yarn motion, yarn tension and intra-yarn frictional forces. In order to improve quality of braided structures the effects of yarn tension and resulting braid formation position must be understood and controlled. This paper reports the effect of yarn tension on braid formation (braid point) motion along with the radial and longitudinal motion of the braid point in the initial, transient, and final positions. Visual observations utilizing low cost webcams are also presented as well as a diagnostic tool which can recognize the onset of defects and provide some insight into what might be causing the fault. Optimal braid performance is observed which serves as the baseline for comparing the behavior of faults. Radial fluctuation of braid point position is a good indicator of mechanical faults of the tensioning mechanisms. The experiments performed will provide the foundation for further work with applications for improving braiding quality in ropes, tethers, and structural composites. Finally, this experimental study and dynamic characterization will be useful for assessing future passive and active control methods, along with sensing.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Conversion of a melanoma cell line from an HLA class II positive to negative phenotype after treatment with anti-mycoplasma drugs.

Abstract An HLA class II-positive melanoma cell line, DU-Mel 17, expressing both DR and DQ was shown to be contaminated with Mycoplasma hyorhinis . After treatment of the cell line with anti-mycoplasma drugs (a tetracycline derivative and a pleuromutilin), both DR and DQ expression on the cell surface, as well as DRα mRNA, were greatly decreased and the cells were rendered mycoplasma-free. Interestingly, drug-treated cells became resistant to geneticin, an unrelated drug. To test whether drug treatment or elimination of mycoplasma caused the abolition of class II expression, contaminated DU-Mel 17 cells were inoculated into peritoneal cavities of nude mice and later removed upon growth of a solid tumor. The cells were shown to be mycoplasma-free, and they expressed DRα mRNA, as well as DR and DQ proteins on their surfaces. Although it appears that the drugs were responsible for abating class II molecule expression in DU-Mel 17 cells, the identical drug-treatment regimen on a class II-positive, mycoplasma-free B cell line did not alter DRα mRNA or class II protein levels. Based on restriction fragment lengths, the DRα gene appeared to be grossly intact after drug treatment, and alterations in methylation patterns were not observed. These studies indicate that anti-mycoplasma treatment of DU-Mel 17 cells resulted in selection of a class II-negative, drug-resistant clone(s). Such treatment may result in a phenotype that is divergent from the parental cell line in one or more characteristics.
A Broadband Tracking YIG-Tuned Mixer for a State-of-the-Art Spectrum Analyzer

A switched. YIG-tuned filter/mixer/discriminator has been developed for a microwave spectrum analyzer to eliminate tuning problems associated with magnetically tuned filters. Such problems arise from nonlinear hysteresis and eddy current delay. The new broadband component (2.7 to 22 GHz) contains a triple YIG sphere tuned preselector. a fundamental mixer using a GaAs monolithic diode IC. and a YIG-tuned discriminator. The output of the YIG discriminator is a voltage proportional to the difference between the RF signal applied to it and the ferrite resonant frequency. This voltage provides a feedback signal to the control circuits driving the main magnet of the YIG-tuned filter/mixer to correct for tuning error. The result is a microwave spectrum analyzer setting a new standard in amplitude accuracy and sensitivity.
Using Condor Glideins for Distributed Testing of Network Facing Services

Many compute environments rely on centralized, network-facing services in order to work properly; examples are Web servers, Grid Compute Elements and Grid Storage Elements. Testing such services requires a large amount of geographically dispersed compute resources all interacting concurrently with the service to test. Grid resources provide an obvious candidate for such testing, but to the best of our knowledge there is no readily available tool for such testing. In this paper we present one such tool, based on Condor glideins.
Structure of the agonist-binding sites of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: affinity-labeling and mutational analyses identify gamma Tyr-111/delta Arg-113 as antagonist affinity determinants.

Photoaffinity labeling of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) with [3H]d-tubocurarine (dTC) has identified a residue within the γ-subunit which, along with the analogous residue in δ-subunit, confers selectivity in binding affinities between the two agonist sites for dTC and α-conotoxin (αCtx) MI. nAChR γ-subunit, isolated from nAChR-rich membranes photolabeled with [3H]dTC, was digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and a 3H-labeled fragment was purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of this fragment identified 3H incorporation in γTyr-111 and γTyr-117 at about 5% and 1% of the efficiency of [3H]dTC photoincorporation at γTrp-55, the primary site of [3H]dTC photoincorporation within γ-subunit [Chiara, D. C., and Cohen, J. B. (1997) J. Biol. Chem 272, 32940−32950]. The Torpedo nAChR δ-subunit residue corresponding to γTyr-111 (δArg-113) contains a positive charge which could confer the lower binding affinity seen for s...
General Issue (G.I.) Strain: Applying Strain Theory to Military Offending

This article explores possible causes of military offending through application of strain theory to a small sample of current U.S. Army personnel. The military provides a unique social environment given the organization and culture of the institution. Criminal behavior of those inside this institution has recently received much media attention, yet has not received much academic attention. Prior research focuses on military-specific crimes and/or the military experiences of current offenders. Through in-depth interviews, measures of strain theory were examined and then applied to reports of offending, ultimately providing insight into strain theory, military offending, and offending in general.
Pancreatic Enzymes, Bile Acids and Cholesterol Levels in Mice Fed Raw or Heated Egg Albumen

Mice were fed semipurified diets which contained either 20% unheated egg albumen (UEA) or heat-treated egg albumen (HTEA) for 15 days. After consuming a meal, the intestinal contents contained similar activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the two groups, but bile acid levels were greater in the UEA group. Relative to fasted animals, enzyme activities, measured in the pancreata, were present in greater amounts in the UEA group compared to those in the HTEA group following consumption of a meal. Liver cholesterol levels were lower in the UEA group than in the HTEA group; however, plasma cholesterol levels did not differ significantly. The results indicate that the feeding of unheated egg albumen can stimulate synthesis of pancreatic enzymes and enhance conversion of liver cholesterol to bile acids.
Severe Sudden Visual Loss Caused by Pseudotumor Cerebri and Lumboperitoneal Shunt Failure

Purpose Severe visual acuity loss associated with pseudotumor cerebri is usually caused by chronic optic disk edema or a retinal abnormality. Method We treated a woman, with known pseudotumor cerebri treated with a lumboperitoneal shunt, who developed acute pallid optic disk swelling and visual acuity of R.E.: no light perception and L.E.: 20/70 in association with lumboperitoneal shunt failure. There were no contributory retinal lesions. Results The patient underwent optic nerve sheath fenestration and lumboperitoneal shunt revision. Visual acuity improved to 20/20 in both eyes. The papilledema resolved. Conclusion The severe sudden visual loss was attributed to axoplasmic stasis and optic nerve ischemia associated with a sudden rise in intracranial pressure.
Can the energy dependence of elliptic flow reveal the QGP phase transition

Abstract Ideal hydrodynamic simulations are performed to compute the evolution with collision energy of hadron spectra and elliptic flow between AGS and LHC energies. We argue that viscous effects should decrease with increasing energy, improving the applicability of ideal fluid dynamics at higher energies. We show that the increasing radial flow at higher energies pushes the elliptic flow to larger transverse momenta, leading to a peaking and subsequent decrease of the elliptic flow at fixed p T with increasing collision energy, independent of whether or not there is a phase transition in the equation of state.
What do we know about internal evaluation

Abstract The extant research and common wisdom about internal evaluation are summarized. Two common types of internal evaluation appear in the literature (the self-evaluating organization and organizations with special evaluation units) which the author describes and discusses. Issues that arise repeatedly in discussions of internal evaluation are delineated and include the significance of the formative-summative distinction, the prevalence of the decision-making model, and some recent alternative ideas about internal evaluation.
On the linear minimum-mean-squared-error estimation of an undersampled wide-sense stationary random process

We consider the problem of linearly estimating, in the sense of minimum-mean-squared error, a wide-sense stationary process in noise given uniformly spaced samples where the sampling interval is such that significant aliasing occurs. We derive the corresponding aliased Wiener filter and provide a technique for determining a closed form for the necessary power spectral density functions. We conclude with an example where both signal and noise are modeled using a second-order innovations representation.
900 MHz multipath propagation measurements in four United States cities

This letter describes multipath power delay profile measurements of 900 MHz mobile radio channels in four US cities. Preliminary data show that for over 98% of the measured locations, RMS delay spreads are less than 12 μs. In very rare instances, reflections from city skylines and mountains can cause RMS delay spreads which exceed 20 μs and excess delays which exceed 100 μs. Such large excess delays have not been previously reported in the literature.
General Dynamical Equations of Motion for Elastic Body Systems

A modeling technique capable of determining the time response of a single body (rigid or flexible) that is, in general, undergoing large elastic deformations, coupled with large, nonsteady translational and rotational motions, is presented. The derivations of the governing equations of motion are based on Lagrange's form of d'Alembert's principle. The general dynamical equations of motion are expressed in terms of stress and strain tensors, kinematic variables, the velocity and angular velocity coefficients, and generalized forces. The formulation of these equations is discussed in detail. Numerical simulations that involve finite elastic deformations coupled with large, nonsteady rotational motions are presented for a beam attached to a rotating base. Effects such as centrifugal stiffening and softening, membrane strain effect, and vibrations induced by Coriolis forces are accommodated. The effects of rotary inertia as well as shear deformation are also included in the equations of motion. Although discussions here are restricted to a single body, the formulation allows the capability of a general dynamical formalism for handling multibody (rigid or flexible) dynamics.
Impact of Antistrip Additives on the Long-Term Aging Rheological Properties of Asphalt Binders

AbstractHydrated lime and liquid antistrip agents have long been used as an asphalt additive to improve resistance to moisture damage. Previous studies have shown that the addition of hydrated lime to asphalt binders reduced the aging propensity of asphalt by adsorbing naturally occurring oxidation catalysts or promoters from the asphalt binders. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of lime and liquid antistrip on the long-term aging of five asphalt binders. The first part of the study evaluated the intermediate- and low-temperature rheological properties of these asphalt binders with no additive, blended with hydrated lime, and blended with liquid antistrip. The rheological properties of the binders were evaluated at the original and long-term aged stages. The second part of this effort evaluated the aging characteristics (e.g., G*sinδΔ, creep stiffness, and m-value) of the binders with and without the antistrip additives. The work in this study was designed to determine how the rheological pr...
Optimal design and prototyping of a five-phase direct-drive permanent magnet linear motor

An efficient analytical approach is proposed for design of fault-tolerant five-phase permanent-magnet direct-drive linear motor drives for reliability-critical applications. The proposed approach is based on shaping back EMF waveform through a simple closed-from analytical equation to achieve optimal design using a genetic algorithm based optimization. Magnet track and coil assembly parameters are optimized to have a sinusoidal back EMF waveform. Mathematical derivation of optimal fault-tolerant currents for ripple-free operation under open-circuit faults is presented. Proposed methodology can be used to design actuators for high-precision safety-critical applications. Finite-element-analysis and experimental test results are used to verify proposed design method.
Couple and family involvement in adult mental health treatment: A systematic review

We reviewed randomized controlled trials conducted in the United States from January, 1996 through December, 2011 that examined family interventions for adult mental health conditions. We identified 51 articles (39 trials) evaluating 21 different family interventions. Findings for behavioral couple or family therapy (BCT/BFT) and community reinforcement and training (CRAFT) for substance use disorders were each pooled separately for examination in meta-analyses. Findings suggest BCT/BFT reduced substance use (small-to-moderate effects) and improved relationship adjustment (large effects) compared to individually-oriented treatments. CRAFT increased treatment initiation three-fold but did not improve substance use or family functioning over alternative family interventions. Family focused therapy for bipolar disorder improved symptoms over less intensive treatments with mixed findings when compared to equally intensive treatments. For both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, the few trials meeting our search criteria and heterogeneity among trials precluded generating broader conclusions regarding which family interventions are most effective for US populations. Overall, trials were limited in their methodological quality, and many interventions were evaluated in one trial. Future research is needed to replicate findings for these single trials, examine relationship distress as a moderator of outcome, and examine BCT/BFT among dual substance using couples and outside the research group frequently represented.
Adjoint Sn calculations of coupled neutron and gamma-ray transport through concrete slabs

Abstract The use of the discrete ordinates computer code ANISN to obtain solutions to the adjoint Boltzmann equation is discussed. These solutions allow the calculation of transmission factors which give the tissue dose equivalent from particles transmitted through a concrete slab due to an incident source particle in a given energy-angle bin. A coupled set of multigroup (22 neutron, 18 gamma-ray) cross sections allowed the consideration of primary neutron, secondary gamma-ray, and primary gamma-ray transport. Tables of transmission factors are presented which allow the calculation of dose equivalent transmission through concrete slabs from 15 to 200 cm thick for any arbitrary neutron or gamma-ray source energy and angular distribution. The use of these factors is illustrated and comparisons are made with other calculations.
Multiple recurrent fibro-osseous epulides

Abstract This report describes the protracted experience in removing multiple recurrent fibro-osseous lesions for a patient from 2½ years to 17 years of age. Although the lesions were benign, their persistence was extremely troublesome and they destroyed periodontal supporting tissues. It was not until all teeth were removed that the process of proliferative recurrent lesions finally was eliminated.
Influence of metoprolol dosage release formulation on the pharmacokinetic drug interaction with paroxetine

Studies have demonstrated an influence of dosage release formulations on drug interactions and enantiomeric plasma concentrations. Metoprolol is a commonly used beta-adrenergic antagonist metabolized by CYP2D6. The CYP2D6 inhibitor paroxetine has previously been shown to interact with metoprolol tartrate. This open-label, randomized, 4-phase crossover study assessed the potential differential effects of paroxetine on stereoselective pharmacokinetics of immediate-release (IR) tartrate and extended-release (ER) succinate metoprolol formulations. Ten healthy participants received metoprolol IR (50 mg) and ER (100 mg) with and without paroxetine coadministration. Blood samples were collected over 24 hours for determination of metoprolol plasma enantiomer concentrations. Paroxetine coadministration significantly increased S and R metoprolol area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the 24-hour blood draw (AUC(0-24h)) by 4- and 5-fold, respectively for IR, and 3- and 4-fold, respectively, for ER. S/R AUC ratios significantly decreased. These results demonstrate a pharmacokinetic interaction between paroxetine and both formulations of metoprolol. The interaction is greater with R metoprolol, and stereoselective metabolism is lost. This could theoretically result in greater beta-blockade and lost cardioselectivity. The magnitude of the interaction was similar between metoprolol formulations, which may be attributable to low doses/drug input rates employed.
Computer-Based Simulation of a Human Falling on a Stairway

A numerical simulation of a mathematical model of a human falling (plane motion) down a stairway is described. The simulation begins with an arbitrary initial state of the falling object, and numerically integrates equations of motion for the object as it falls and repeatedly strikes the stairway. Realistic simulation requires the use of nonlinear resistance to join rotations. This nonlinearity is being investigated.
The structure of the linear anisotropic elastic symmetries

Abstract An insightful, structurally appealing and potentially utilitarian formulation of the anisotropic form of the linear Hooke's law due to Lord Kelvin was independently rediscovered by R ychlewski (1984, Prikl. Mat. Mekh. 48, 303) and M ehrabadi and C owin (1990, Q. J. Mech. appl. Math. 43, 14). The eigenvectors of the three-dimensional fourth-rank anisotropic elasticity tensor, considered as a second-rank tensor in six-dimensional space, are called eigentensors when projected back into three-dimensional space. The maximum number of eigentensors for any elastic symmetry is therefore six. The concept of an eigentensor was introduced by K elvin (1856, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. 166, 481) who called eigentensors “the principal types of stress or of strain”. Kelvin determined the eigentensors for many elastic symmetries and gave a concise summary of his results in the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1878). The eigentensors for a linear isotropic elastic material are familiar. They are the deviatoric second-rank tensor and a tensor proportional to the unit tensor, the spherical, hydrostatic or dilatational part of the tensor. M ehrabadi and C owin (1990, Q. J. Mech. appl. Math. 43, 14) give explicit forms of the eigentensors for all of the linear elastic symmetries except monoclinic and triclinic symmetry. We discuss two approaches for the determination of eigentensors and illustrate these approaches by partially determining the eigentensors for monoclinic symmetry. With the nature of the eigentensors for monoclinic symmetry known, a rather complete table of the structural properties of all linear elastic symmetries can be constructed. The purpose of this communication is to give the most specifically detailed presentation of the eigenvalues and eigentensors of the Kelvin formulation to date.
THE ISOTOPE SEPARATOR PROGRAM AT THE PRINCETON-PENNSYLVANIA ACCELERATOR

Abstract The initial isotope separation program at the Princeton-Pennsylvania Accelerator is outlined. The procedures used for the mass dispersion of mercury and thallium radioisotopes produced in lead targets irradiated with 3 GeV protons are described. Some preliminary nuclear spectroscopic results for the 190, 192 and 194 mass chains are given.
Creationism in the United States: IV. The Aftermath of Epperson v. Arkansas

I N 1968, Epperson v. Arkansas legalized the teaching of evolution in Arkansas, ruled that laws banning the teaching of evolution were unconstitutional, and made it unconstitutional to ban the instruction of one theory and not another. That is, Epperson v. Arkansas outlawed attempts to prevent public school teachers from discussing evolution, and announced that evolution is not religion (Moore 1998c, Levy 1986). Subsequent court rulings have upheld the right of a school district to require a teacher to teach evolution and not creationism. For example,
Transference numbers for KCl in ethanol-water and dioxane-water mixtures at 25°C

Transference numbers were determined by the moving-boundary method for KCl in aqueous mixtures containing 12, 20, 40, 60, and 79 wt. % ethanol, and 22, 44, 62, and 75 wt. % 1,4-dioxane. The boundaries were detected by the potentiometric method using an autogenic cell with a cadmium anode. Little concentration dependence was expected since all the transference numbers were close to 0.5. The Fuoss-Onsager theory for the electrophoretic effects was used for extrapolation to infinite dilution. The precision of the measurements appears to be well within 0.05%.
Oscillatory Magneto-Absorption of the Direct Transition in Germanium

Infrared transmission of intrinsic germanium was examined at wavelengths from 1.4\ensuremath{\mu} to 1.6\ensuremath{\mu} in constant magnetic fields up to 36 000 gauss. The magneto-absorption showed oscillatory behavior at photon energies greater than that of the direct transition. The energy gap of the direct transition was determined experimentally to be 0.803\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001 ev at room temperature. The effective mass of the electron in the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ conduction band was found to be $\ensuremath{\approx}0.042{m}_{0}$. Anisotropy of the oscillations was observed as a function of the orientation of the sample in the magnetic field.
Leiomyoma of the glans penis in a child.

An 8-year-old boy presented with a firm mass of the glans penis. Although the tumor had been detected 9 months earlier by the mother, she became concerned when it progressively increased in size. On physical examination the 1 3 0.6 cm. mass was ovoid, smooth and nonmovable. Using a wide rubber band tourniquet to provide a bloodless field, the tumor was excised in toto using a curvilinear incision to preserve the overlying glandular epithelium, which was not involved (fig. 1). The lesion was adherent but not fixed to the underlying tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum. Frozen section suggested leiomyoma or neuroma and permanent sections confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma. Histologically, the tumor consisted of numerous distinctive small discrete nodules that were spindle cell bundles embedded in a myxoid stroma with a plexiform pattern (fig. 2). The smooth muscle nature of the proliferation was confirmed on positive staining for smooth muscle actin. Immediately following surgery a depression at the site of the tumor excision was evident. At 2-year followup there was no tumor recurrence and the defect in the glans was only slightly evident.
The Realist Gambit: Postwar American Political Science and the Birth of IR Theory

The study of international relations (IR) took an important disciplinary turn in the 1950s, when a number of scholars sought to develop a distinct theory of international politics. This turn, however, should not be understood as a tendency toward specialization, but rather as a separatist movement, meant to insulate the study of international politics from the behavioral revolution that was transforming the practice of political science in postwar America. Promoted by the Rockefeller Foundation, the “theorization” of IR encapsulated a very specific intellectual and ultimately political agenda at odds with the kind of liberalism dominant at the time.
I Can’t Breathe: Heeding the Call of Justice:

The state formation of neoliberal authoritarianism, and political subjects attached to this state, took shape in the wake of the 1968 presidential election in the United States. Now the state sought to manage inequality – if not enjoy it – rather than ameliorate it. Policing became more militarized, and police were encouraged to go beyond law enforcement to control the perception of disorder. Police were also encouraged to kick ass. The enjoyment of militarized policing of those poor and black, or the enjoyment of police kicking the asses of those poor and black with regard to minor violations, indicate the points of subjective affective attachment to neoliberal authoritarianism. The New York Police Department’s and the Ferguson Police Department’s disparate policing of those poor and black are institutional manifestations of these affective attachments. In the wake of the NYPD’s killing of Eric Garner, and the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, the protests of the people have forced us to heed the ca...
Comprehension and memory for pictures

The thesis advanced is that people remember nonsensical pictures much better if they comprehend what they are about. Two experiments supported this thesis. In the first, nonsensical "droodles" were studied by subjects with or without an accompanying verbal interpretation of the pictures. Free recall was much better for subjects receiving the interpretation during study. Also, a later recognition test showed that subjects receiving the interpretation rated as more similar to the original picture a distractor which was close to the prototype of the interpreted category. In Experiment II, subjects studied pairs of nonsensical pictures, with or without a linking interpretation provided. Subjects who heard a phrase identifying and interrelating the pictures of a pair showed greater associative recall and matching than subjects who received no interpretation. The results suggest that memory is aided whenever contextual cues arouse appropriate schemata into which the material to be learned can be fitted. The following experiments address the question of how people remember pictures. We may begin with the observation that pictures (drawings, diagrams, photographs) comprise a two-dimensional notational system which, like language, has both a "surface structure" (the medium) and a meaningful "deep structure" (the message). Like language, pictures have a terminal vocabulary (of strokes, shadings, etc.), sets of combination rules, often a referential field, and conventional rules for interpreting what a picture is about (see Gombrich, 1960; Goodman, 1968). Pictures, especially "realistic" ones, denote objects or scenes in a manner that parallels the symbolic way that words and
Effectiveness of Day Treatment for Dual Diagnosis Patients With Severe Chronic Mental Illness

This study examined the clinical outcomes of dual diagnosis patients with severe chronic mental illness and a secondary diagnosis of an addictive substance (N = 48) who attended a daily Day Treatment Center (DTC). Clinical interventions included the DTC program plus weekly dual diagnosis groups. Outcome measures included urine toxicology screens, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, relapses, and hospitalizations. Results revealed that the length of stay (LOS) in the DTC program was the only statistically significant predictor of both pre and post study GAF scores for all three groups. Patients with one year of remission were less likely to relapse. The longer the patient's stay in the DTC program, the better the treatment outcome.
THE SITE OF ELABORATION OF THE PITUITARY GONADOTROPIC HORMONE AND OF PROLACTIN1

THE PRESENT FOCUS of attention on the attempts to fractionate pituitary extracts into several relatively pure substances, each possessing only one characteristic hormonal action, has emphasised the chemical individuality of several of the endocrine activities of the anterior lobe. While there may be some question as to details of biological characterization, and some dispute as to the precise number of separate anterior lobe hormones, there is complete agreement that the phenomena of reproduction, growth and lactation are dominated by different humoral agents. The physiological processes of growth, reproduction and lactation do not necessarily proceed concurrently and at the same rate. Indeed, in the early part of life the growth process is proceeding at its maximum while the organs of reproduction and lactation are showing very little activity. On the other hand, the processes of growth, reproduction and lactation can proceed simultaneously.
A semi-autonomous interactive robot

Human-Robot Interaction is a dynamic and expanding research field. This paper presents the creation and concepts of a semi-autonomous interactive robot, TARO. TARO is designed to humanoid in appearance, and can entertain and interact with people through verbal communication and body language.
Theory of high-speed nanolasers and nanoLEDs

We investigate the intrinsic high speed modulation responses of nanolasers and nanoLEDs using bulk, quantum wells (QWs), and quantum dots (QDs) based on a rigorous rate-equation model, which incorporates the optical energy confinement factor to properly account for the negative permittivity and dispersive metal plasma property. We then investigate the dependence of the bandwidth and the energy per bit on the quality factor and the normalized optical volume. We find out that the conditions for the energy per bit less than 50 fJ/bit and 10 fJ/bit are the normalized optical modal volume less than 20 and 5, respectively. In addition, with a uniform quantum dot size in a nanocavity, quantum-dot metal-cavity nanolasers exhibit the largest bandwidth among three types of active materials, and a low energy per bit. With their insensitivity to temperature, quantum-dot metal-cavity nanolasers are favorable for future high speed light sources.
Modeling uncertain domains with polyagents

Agents are a powerful tool for systems modeling. Instantiating each domain entity with an agent captures many aspects of system dynamics and interactions that other modeling techniques do not. However, an entity's agent can execute only one trajectory per run, and so does not capture the alternative trajectories accessible in the evolution of any realistic system. Averaging over multiple runs does not capture the range of individual interactions. We address these problems with a new modeling construct, the polyagent, which represents each entity with a single persistent avatar supported by a swarm of transient ghosts. Each ghost interacts with the ghosts of other avatars through digital pheromone fields, capturing a wide range of alternative trajectories in a single run of the system that can proceed faster than real time.
Evaluation of PAPNET system for rescreening of negative cervical smears.

We rescreened 2,238 cervicovaginal smears conventionally prepared with Papanicolaou stain by PAPNET system. The slides screened manually as negative, were sent to PAPNETsystem. The image tapes were reviewed on a high-resolution monitor, and categorized as negative, unsatisfactory, and atypical. All atypical cases were rescreened manually. Abnormal cases were reviewed by a cytopathologist. Two-thousand one hundred and two (94%) cases rescreened by PAPNET were negative. Nine of 45 unsatisfactory cases by PAPNET were unsatisfactory by manual review. Ninety-one (4.0%) cases by PAPNET were atypical. On manual rescreening, 86 of 91 were negative, 20% showing benign cellular changes ;five of 91 were atypical, the atypia, however, not exceeding low-grade category. The detection rate by PAPNET method was 0.2% (five of 2,238 cases). We conclude : 1) In a cytology laboratory with good quality control, PAPNET rescreening does not significantly increase the detection rate. 2) For cytology laboratories without in-house rescreening, PAPNET offers an alternative at a price. 3) The PAPNET system also offers a tool by which a laboratory can occasionally monitor its performance. 4) The cost benefit analysis of the system requires further study and scrutiny. Diagn Cytopathol 1995 ;13 :31-36. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Designing controllers for physics-based characters with motion networks

We present a system that allows non-programmers to create generic controllers for physically simulated characters. The core of our system is based on a directed acyclic graph of trajectory transformations, which can be modified by feedback terms and serve as reference motions tracked by the physically simulated character. We then introduce tools to enable the automatic creation of robust and parameterized controllers suitable for running in real-time applications, such as in computer games. The entire process is accomplished by means of a graphical user interface, and we demonstrate how our system can be intuitively used to design a SIMBICON-like walking controller and a parameterized jump controller to be used in real-time simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Love, marriage, and divorce: Newlyweds' stress hormones foreshadow relationship changes

Neuroendocrine function, assessed in 90 couples during their first year of marriage (Time 1), was related to marital dissolution and satisfaction 10 years later. Compared to those who remained married, epinephrine levels of divorced couples were 34% higher during a Time 1 conflict discussion, 22% higher throughout the day, and both epinephrine and norepinephrine were 16% higher at night. Among couples who were still married, Time 1 conflict ACTH levels were twice as high among women whose marriages were troubled 10 years later than among women whose marriages were untroubled. Couples whose marriages were troubled at follow-up produced 34% more norepinephrine during conflict, 24% more norepinephrine during the daytime, and 17% more during nighttime hours at Time 1 than the untroubled.
Additive Toxicity of Aflatoxin and Dietary Tannins in Broiler Chicks

In two experiments graded levels of either aflatoxin and tannic acid (experiment 1) or aflatoxin and a high-tannin variety of grain sorghum (BR-64) (experiment 2) were incorporated into broiler chick starting diets in a factorial design. When present singly, aflatoxin and both tannic acid and high tannin sorghum significantly depressed chick growth. When present in combination, and deleterious effects of aflatoxin and either tannic acid or high tannin sorghum on chick growth and feed conversion ratios were found to be additive.
Catheter- related infections

I Significance of Central Venous Catheters The use of catheters has revolutionized the way cancer patients are treated and the advent of catheter technology is closely related to the improvement of the quality of cancer care and of the life of cancer patients. The most common and life-threatening complication of catheters is infection. Catheterrelated bloodstream infection (CRBSI) is the most common type of nosocomial infection, and it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality (1-6). Additionally, they contribute to the majority of nosocomial cases of septicemia caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spp. (6-8). In cancer patients the risk of CRBSI is even higher than in other patients owing to a multitude of host factors (compromised skin due to radiation therapy or bioimmunotherapy such as interleukin2, increased use of intensive chemotherapeutic regimens leading to profound and prolonged neutropenia, and aggressive surgery).
Association of coronary artery calcified plaque with clinical coronary heart disease in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Family Heart Study.

The presence of calcified coronary artery plaque has shown variable association with clinical coronary heart disease (CHD), particularly after adjustment for other risk factors. From 2002 to 2004, as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Family Heart Study, coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans by 4-slice multidetector computed tomography were performed in 3,359 subjects, including 389 with clinically diagnosed CHD. Among these was a cohort of 2,254 patients who had been asymptomatic at an initial examination 7 to 9 years previously (1994 to 1996), with 111 who had developed newly diagnosed, nonfatal CHD since the initial examination. In cross-sectional analyses, we examined associations between CAC and CHD in the entire group and in the subgroup seen at the initial examination. In the 2 sets of analyses, odds ratios for CHD ranged from approximately 4 in those with CAC scores of 100 to 199 (p 20 in those with CAC scores >/=1,000 (p <0.0001) compared with those with no measurable CAC. This steep gradient of risk persisted after adjustment for risk factors. A quantitative CHD family history score was significantly associated with CHD even after adjusting for all standard risk factors and including CAC in the model. In conclusion, CAC was strongly associated with CHD even after adjustment for standard risk factors and family history contributed independently to CHD risk.
Classification of remotely sensed imagery using stochastic gradient boosting as a refinement of classification tree analysis

Classification tree analysis (CTA) provides an effective suite of algorithms for classifying remotely sensed data, but it has the limitations of (1) not searching for optimal tree structures and (2) being adversely affected by outliers, inaccurate training data, and unbalanced data sets. Stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) is a refinement of standard CTA that attempts to minimize these limitations by (1) using classification errors to iteratively refine the trees using a random sample of the training data and (2) combining the multiple trees iteratively developed to classify the data. We compared traditional CTA results to SGB for three remote sensing based data sets, an IKONOS image from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California, a Probe-1 hyperspectral image from the Virginia City mining district of Montana, and a series of Landsat ETM+ images from the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). SGB improved the overall accuracy of the IKONOS classification from 84% to 95% and the Probe-1 classification from 83% to 93%. The worst performing classes using CTA exhibited the largest increases in class accuracy using SGB. A slight decrease in overall classification accuracy resulted from the SGB analysis of the Landsat data.
Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Organic, No-Till, and Chisel-Till Cropping Systems in Maryland

Ground beetle assemblages were compared in organic, no-till, and chisel-till cropping systems of the USDA Farming Systems Project in Maryland. The cropping systems consisted of 3-yr rotations of corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that were planted to corn and soybean during the 2 yr of Þeld sampling (2001Ð2002). Each year, ground beetles were sampled using pitfall traps during three 9- to 14-d periods corresponding to spring, summer, and fall. A total of 2,313 specimens, representing 31 species, were collected over the 2 yr of sampling. The eight most common species represented 87% of the total specimens collected and includedScaritesquadriceps Chaudoir,Elaphropusanceps (LeConte),Bembidionrapidum (LeConte), Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer), Poecilus chalcites (Say), Clivina impressefrons LeConte, Agonum punctiforme (Say), and Amara aenea (DeGeer). Canonical variates analysis based on the 10 most abundant species showed that the carabid assemblages in the three cropping systems were distin- guishable from each other. The organic system was found to be more different from the no-till and chisel-till systems than these two systems were from each other. In 2002, ground beetle relative abundance, measured species richness, and species diversity were greater in the organic than in the chisel-till system. Similar trends were found in 2001, but no signiÞcant differences were found in these measurements. Relatively few differences were found between the no-till and chisel-till systems. The estimated species richness of ground beetles based on several common estimators did not show differences among the three cropping systems. The potential use of ground beetles as ecological indicators is discussed.
A trivalent vaccine candidate against hepatitis E virus, norovirus, and astrovirus.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), norovirus (NoV), and astrovirus (AstV) are enterically-transmitted viral pathogens causing epidemic or endemic hepatitis (HEV) and gastroenteritis (NoV and AstV) respectively in humans, leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While a recombinant subunit vaccine against HEVs is available in China, there is no commercial vaccine or antiviral against NoV or AstV. We report here our development of a trivalent vaccine against the three viral pathogens through our new polymer vaccine technology. All HEV, NoV, and AstV are non-enveloped RNA viruses covered by a protein capsid, featuring surface protruding (P) proteins that are responsible for virus–host interaction. These dimeric P proteins elicit neutralizing antibody and are good targets for subunit vaccine development. The trivalent subunit vaccine was developed by fusion of the dimeric P domains of the three viruses together that formed tetramers. This trivalent vaccine elicited significantly higher antibody responses in mice against all three P domains than those induced by a mixture of the three free P domains (mixed vaccine). Furthermore, the post-immune antisera of the trivalent vaccine showed significantly higher neutralizing titers against HEV infection in cell culture and higher blocking activity against NoV binding to HBGA ligands than those of the post-immune sera of the mixed vaccine. Thus, the trivalent vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate against HEV, NoV, and AstV.