cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Structure and Vorticity Budget of an Early Summer Monsoon Trough (Mei-Yu) over Southeastern China and Japan

Abstract One of the most persistent rain-making events over East Asia is the development of an early summer monsoon trough (Mei-Yu) which extends from southeastern China to southern Japan. This work studies the structure and vorticity budget of a Mei-Yu system for the period 10–15 June 1975. Subjectively analyzed grid-point data are time composited with respect to the trough axis along three cross sections over southeastern China (western section), southern East China Sea (central section) and southern Japan (eastern section), respectively, during the mature and decaying stages of the trough. The results indicate that the structure of the eastern and central sections resembles a typical midlatitude baroclinic front with strong vertical tilt toward an upper level cold core and a strong horizontal temperature gradient. On the other band, the western section resembles a semitropical disturbance with an equivalent barotropic, warm core structure, a weak horizontal temperature gradient, and a rather strong hor...
Analysis of Nonlinear Missile Guidance Systems Through Linear Adjoint Method

In this paper, a linear simulation algorithm, the adjoint method, is modified and employed as an efficient tool for analyzing the contributions of system parameters to the miss - distance of a nonlinear time-varying missile guidance system model. As an example for the application of the linear adjoint method, the effect of missile flight time on the miss - distance is studied. Since the missile model is highly nonlinear and a time-varying linearized model is required to apply the adjoint method, a new technique that utilizes the time-reversed linearized coefficients of the missile as a replacement for the time-varying describing functions is applied and proven to be successful. It is found that, when compared with Monte Carlo generated results, simulation results of this linear adjoint technique provide acceptable accuracy and can be produced with much less effort.
Overview of European Monetary Integration

Post-World War II events provided the motivation for European integration: America offered hope and support while the Soviet Union exerted pressure and generated fear. In the end, hope conquered fear.
Proximity-induced triplet superconductivity in Rashba materials

We study a proximity junction between a conventional $s$-wave superconductor and a conductor with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, with a specific focus on the spin structure of the induced pairing amplitude. We find that spin-triplet pairing correlations are induced by spin-orbit coupling in both one- and two-dimensional systems due to the lifted spin degeneracy. Additionally, this induced triplet pairing has a component with an odd frequency dependence that is robust to disorder. Our predictions are based on the solutions of the exact Gor'kov equations and are beyond the quasiclassical approximation.
Connecting tubule glomerular feedback (CTGF) antagonizes tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) in vivo

We recently described that there is crosstalk between the connecting tubule (CNT) and the Af-Art that causes dilation. CTGF is mediated by CNT Na transport via epithelial Na channels (ENaC). We hyp...
A Procedure to Identify and Rank Rainfall/Runoff Phenomena for the Evaluation of Urban Stormwater Models

Computer models are needed to predict the effects of changes in land-use and climate within an urban stormwater drainage catchment. As with any computer model…
Negotiating for Śrīnāthajī, Daūjī, and Jakhaiyā: Narrative as arbiter of contested sites in Vraja

The paper explores the textual and oral narratives of three Vraja (Hindi Braj) deities, Srinathaj?, Da?j?, and Jakhaiy?.1 Such narratives reveal competing claims of ritual authority over the sites associated with the deities. Their stories have much to tell us about negotiations for control over contested Vraja sites during and subsequent to the sixteenth century, and we see two forms of compe tition over rights to serve these deities. First, the narratives portray rivalry between the local Vrajav?s?s (residents of Vraja, some of whom are Br?hmanas) and the 'foreign' (non-Vraja) Br?hmanas who arrive in Vraja in the sixteenth century to establish devotion to Krsna. These non-Vraja Br?hmanas were primarily leaders or representatives of the Vallabha samprad?ya and Gaud?ya Vaisnavism, the two major sixteenth-century devotional communities of Vraja. Vallabha (1479-1586) and Caitanya (1486-1534), respectively, founded these Vaisnava communities to worship Srinathaj?, and their influence was largely responsible for the immense popularity of Krsna-bhakti in Vraja. Second, Srinathaj?'s narrative reveals competition between the Vallabha samprad?ya and Gaud?ya Vaisnavism as both groups sought control of ritual service. We see, however, that in each case, competitors negotiated claims to ritual authority according to the deity's stated demands. The deities' stated demands presented in these narratives sanction authority over these sites and legitimate sev? (ritual service) lineages. The Krsna-Wi<z*fi that arrived in the sixteenth century quickly became established in the Vraja region and, in both the scholarly and devotional imagination, continues to be the dominant religious expression. Certainly, the Vraja region had been a site of conflict within and among emerging Vaisnava groups for at least the past
4596 The effect of valsalva maneuver on the thoracic duct diameter. an endosonographic study.

INTRODUCTION: Under the physiological conditions, thoracic duct diameter is reflection of lymphatic flow. Increase in the lymphatic flow causes dilation of thoracic duct.We have also shown the dilation of thoracic duct with endoscopic ultrasound in pathological conditions which result in increased lymphatic flow such as portal hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate by endoscopic ultrasound the physiological response of Valsalva Maneuver on thoracic duct diameter. Valsalva Maneuver (a physiological process) alters the vascular lymphatic dynamics. METHODS: Fifteen patients underwent evaluation of thoracic duct by endoscopic ultrasound at the end of a routine procedure. They were asked to perform the Valsalva Maneuver by pushing against the examiner's hand by breathing out forcibly without an inspiration. The effectiveness of Valsalva Maneuver was observed by recording increase in pulse rate before and after the actual maneuver. Similarly, thoracic duct diameter was measured just before and after the Valsalva Maneuver. Patients with autonomic dysfunction, cardiac disease, hypertension and with portal hypertension were excluded from the study. The patients who were on ganglion blocking agents and anticholinergic agents were also excluded from the study because this may alter the actual response. RESULTS: 1. Valsalva Maneuver caused a significant increase in thoracic duct diameter as observed by endoscopic ultrasound. The mean diameter increased from 2.13 mm to 2.67 mm (p =.006). 2. Increase in thoracic duct diameter was associated with a significant increase in pulse rate indicating performance of an effective Valsalva Maneuver. The mean pulse rate increased from 81.87 to 92.13, an increase of 10.27 (p =
Discrimination of direction of line and the effect of stimulus alignment

Studies of form discrimination have shown that children, rats, and octopus confuse figures which are left-right mirror-images more often than those which are up-down mirror-images. The generality of this finding was tested in an experiment with first grade children. When figures were presented side by side, as in other studies on children, earlier findings were confirmed. The differential difficulty of left-right and up-down mirror-image discriminations was reversed, however, when the figures were presented one above the other. Implications for theories of form discrimination were discussed.
Glomerular ultrafiltration dynamics: euvolemic and plasma volume-expanded rats

With the use of micropuncture techniques, glomerular dynamics were characterized in euvolemic Munich-Wistar (Chapel Hil) rats. Single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and plasma flow (SNGPF) averaged 31 nl/min and 100 nl/min, respectively. Efferent effective ultrafiltration pressure (PUF) was greater than zero in each animal (7 mmHg, P less than 0.001), indicating filtration pressure disequilibrium. Mean PUF (PUF) was 15 mmHg and specific glomerular filtration coefficient (Kf) values averaged 0.033 nl/(s x mmHg). Similar experiments were performed on Munich-Wistar rats from B.M. Brenner's colony. Filtration pressure equilibrium was reached in rats with SNGPF 168 nl/min. Overall, PUF (15 mmHg) was similar to that in Chapel Hill rats, SNGFR (49 nl/min) was greater, as was specific Kf (0.066 nl/(s.mmHg)). These observations document important Kf differences in the two colonies. In other experiments on Chapel Hill rats, plasma volume expansion pr...
Axioms Reconsidered: The Rethinking of British Strategic Policy in Iraq during the 1930s

The invasion of Abyssinia in 1935 by the Italians opened a new stage in the history of the Middle East in which the hegemony of Britain and France, dating from the First World War, was threatened for the first time. Such threats were, however, perceived in their full dimension vis-a-vis Iraq only years later, as illustrated by the decisions of the British Cabinet in June 1939, which provided for a number of operative measures, among them the drafting of an overall scheme of defence for the area.1
Laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion using rectus sheath tunnel and selective omentopexy significantly reduces catheter dysfunction and increases peritoneal dialysis longevity.

Background Success of peritoneal dialysis depends on the durability of the peritoneal dialysis catheter, which in turn depends on insertion technique. Catheter-related complications are among the main reasons for peritoneal dialysis failure. Techniques showing evidence of improved catheter function include rectus sheath tunnel, selective omentopexy, and adhesiolysis. Methods Single-institution retrospective review of consecutive peritoneal dialysis catheter insertions was performed between 2004 and 2014. Of 235 procedures, the open technique was utilized in 63, basic laparoscopy with selective adhesiolysis in 80, and advanced laparoscopy utilizing rectus sheath tunnel, selective omentopexy, and adhesiolysis in 92. Primary outcomes included catheter dysfunction, catheter dysfunction-free, and overall survival. Results Mechanical catheter dysfunction occurred in 4 patients (4.4%) in the advanced laparoscopy group, 14 (17.5%) in the basic laparoscopy group, and 20 (31.8%) in the open group ( P P = .031). Conclusion Advanced laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion using rectus sheath tunnel, selective omentopexy, and adhesiolysis is associated with decreased catheter dysfunction rates, improved dysfunction-free and overall catheter survival, and lowest rate of switch to hemodialysis.
Virtual Reality and Exposure Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: Results from a 4–6 Year Follow-Up

This is the first long-term follow-up study of virtual reality exposure therapy and exposure group therapy for social anxiety disorder—completed 6 years, on average, after treatment completion. Participants (N = 28) had a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder that included public speaking fears and had previously completed 8 sessions of either virtual reality exposure therapy or exposure group therapy delivered according to a treatment manual. The final sample was ethnically diverse, middle-aged (mean age = 42 years) and mostly female (71%). Participants completed standardized self-report measures of public speaking anxiety and fear of negative evaluation, a behavioral speech task, a diagnostic interview, and ratings of global improvement. Participants showed statistically significant improvement on all self-report measures from pre-treatment to follow-up. All participants completed the speech task, with two exceptions: one participant declined to do the speech task and one person completed the follow-up assessment by phone. The majority of participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for the disorder (54%) and reported themselves “very much” or “much” improved (68%). With one exception, there were no differences between treatments at follow-up across self-report, clinician-rated, and behavioral data. Virtual reality exposure therapy and exposure group therapy for social anxiety disorder produce long-lasting benefits, consistent with research on a variety of forms of short-term cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder.
Individual differences in pain: understanding the mosaic that makes pain personal.

The experience of pain is characterized by tremendous inter-individual variability. Multiple biological and psychosocial variables contribute to these individual differences in pain, including demographic variables, genetic factors, and psychosocial processes. For example, sex, age and ethnic group differences in the prevalence of chronic pain conditions have been widely reported. Moreover, these demographic factors have been associated with responses to experimentally-induced pain. Similarly, both genetic and psychosocial factors contribute to clinical and experimental pain responses. Importantly, these different biopsychosocial influences interact with each other in complex ways to sculpt the experience of pain. Some genetic associations with pain have been found to vary across sex and ethnic group. Moreover, genetic factors also interact with psychosocial factors, including stress and pain catastrophizing, to influence pain. The individual and combined influences of these biological and psychosocial variables results in a unique mosaic of factors that contributes pain in each individual. Understanding these mosaics is critically important in order to provide optimal pain treatment, and future research to further elucidate the nature of these biopsychosocial interactions is needed in order to provide more informed and personalized pain care.
An expert system for selection of environmental-friendly manufacturing processes

Manufacturing process is one of the major phases of product life cycle which can be a contributing factor to significant environmental pollution and energy consumption. In this study a rule-based expert system model for manufacturing process selection is proposed by focusing on environmental impact of selected processes. Several environmental parameters including CO 2 emission, energy consumption, material waste, excessive heat and noise are taken into decision making process. The proposed expert system model can serve as a manufacturing knowledge management tool by encoding knowledge acquired from academic and industry experts as well as printed/online sources.
General Principles in the Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen

Pregnant women with abdominal and pelvic pain present many challenges to the clinician. The importance of an accurate history cannot be overstated. The physical examination can be more difficult especially when the gravid uterus is large enough to obscure findings that would be easier to detect in its absence. In modern practice, we often take for granted the astounding technological advances that contribute greatly to the diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic pain.
Stochastic Invariant Manifolds: Background and Main Contributions

This chapter serves as an introduction to the current volume, which is devoted to the derivation of leading-order approximations of stochastic invariant manifolds—such as stochastic center manifolds—by extending, to a stochastic context, the techniques described in the two monographs [117, Chap. 3] and [120, Appendix A]; see Chap. 6. The existence and smoothness properties as well as the attraction properties of parameterized families of global stochastic invariant manifolds are also revisited; see Chaps. 4 and 5.
Detection of Acute and Long-Term Effects of Concussion: Dual-Task Gait Balance Control Versus Computerized Neurocognitive Test

Abstract Objective To examine the acute (within 72h of injury) and long-term (2mo postinjury) independent associations between objective dual-task gait balance and neurocognitive measurements among adolescents and young adults with a concussion and matched controls. Design Longitudinal case-control. Setting Motion analysis laboratory. Participants A total of 95 participants completed the study: 51 who sustained a concussion (mean age, 17.5±3.3y; 71% men) and 44 controls (mean age, 17.7±2.9y; 72% men). Participants who sustained a concussion underwent a dual-task gait analysis and computerized neurocognitive testing within 72 hours of injury and again 2 months later. Uninjured controls also completed the same test protocol in similar time increments. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures We compared dual-task gait balance control and computerized neurocognitive test performance between groups using independent samples t tests. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were then constructed for each testing time to determine the association between group membership (concussion vs control), dual-task gait balance control, and neurocognitive function. Results Medial-lateral center-of-mass displacement during dual-task gait was independently associated with group membership at the initial test (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.432; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.269–4.661) and 2-month follow-up test (aOR, 1.817; 95% CI, 1.014–3.256) tests. Visual memory composite scores were significantly associated with group membership at the initial hour postinjury time point (aOR, .953; 95% CI, .833–.998). However, the combination of computerized neurocognitive test variables did not predict dual-task gait balance control for participants with concussion, and no single neurocognitive variable was associated with dual-task gait balance control at either testing time. Conclusions Dual-task assessments concurrently evaluating gait and cognitive performance may allow for the detection of persistent deficits beyond those detected by computerized neurocognitive deficits alone.
Belief Shift or Only Facilitation: How Semantic Expectancy Affects Processing of Speech Degraded by Background Noise.

Individuals use semantic expectancy – applying conceptual and linguistic knowledge to speech input – to improve the accuracy and speed of language comprehension. This study tested how adults use semantic expectancy in quiet and in the presence of speech-shaped broadband noise at -7 dB and -12 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Twenty-four adults (22.1 ± 3.6 years, mean ± SD) were tested on a four-alternative-forced-choice task whereby they listened to sentences and were instructed to select an image matching the sentence-final word. The semantic expectancy of the sentences was unrelated to (neutral), congruent with, or conflicting with the acoustic target. Congruent expectancy improved accuracy and conflicting expectancy decreased accuracy relative to neutral, consistent with a theory where expectancy shifts beliefs toward likely words and away from unlikely words. Additionally, there were no significant interactions of expectancy and noise level when analyzed in log-odds, supporting the predictions of ideal observer models of speech perception.
Cerebro: A Platform for Opportunistic Collective Experiences

While there are many existing platforms that help people plan and coordinate collective action, many serendipitous moments for group interaction are left out because we are not able recognize them. In this paper, we aim to facilitate interaction in these missed opportunities through a new form of interaction we call opportunistic collective experiences. These are short, goal-driven activities that opportunistically find participants based on their situational context and allow participants to connect with one another in a low-effort way. In order to create and run these experiences, we present a system called Cerebro, which automatically gathers and coordinates participation in experiences by detecting information about users' physical surroundings. In a preliminary study, we ran three different opportunistic collective experiences and found that they lead to interest in other participants, excitement in participating in unique locations, and increased awareness of one's surroundings.
Analysis of Long Term Study Indicates Both Agronomic Optimal Plant Density and Increase Maize Yield per Plant Contributed to Yield Gain

Concurrent to yield, maize (Zea Mays L.) plant density has significantly increased over the years. Unlike yield, however, the rate of change in plant density and its contribution to maize yield gain are rarely reported. The main objectives of this study were to examine the trend in the agronomic optimum plant density (AOPD) and quantify the contribution of plant density to yield gain. Maize hybrid by seeding rate trials were conducted from 1987-2016 across North America (187,662 data points). Mixed model, response surface, and simple linear regression analyses were applied on the meta-data. New outcomes from this analysis are: (i) an increase in the AOPD at rate of 700 plant ha-1 yr-1, (ii) increase in the AOPD of 1386, 580 and 404 plants ha-1 yr-1 for very high yielding (VHY, > 13 Mg ha-1), high yielding (HY, 10-13 Mg ha-1) and medium yielding (MY, 7-10 Mg ha-1), respectively, with a lack of change for the low yielding (LY, < 7 Mg ha-1) environment; (iii) plant density contribution to maize yield gain ranged from 8.5% to 17%, and (iv) yield improvement was partially explained by changes in the AOPD but we also identified positive impacts on yield components as other sources for yield gain.
PERFORMANCE TEST OF A DIRECT EXPANSION HEAT PUMP SYSTEM

ABSTRACT In this paper results are given for a direct expansion heat pump system which is uniquely coupled to the earth through a heat transfer concentrator (GLHXC-Ground Loop Heat Exchanger Concentrator). In effect the system reduces several of the thermal resistances associated with the heat flow paths in other types of ground coupled heat pump systems. These reductions result from (1) letting the refrigerant circulate through a heat exchanger in the earth, thus eliminating the resistance associated with the water-refrigerant heat exchanger used with a conventional water source heat pump, and then by (2) letting the refrigerant coil in the earth first transfer heat by natural convection to water and then having this heat transferred to the earth through the large surface area of the water-earth interface. The GLHXC system avoids the most critical thermal resistances encountered with buried pipe systems. Performance results for the GLHXC system are given for both cooling and heating operations based on a one year test period. The results are compared to experimental data obtained from four other types of earth coupled configurations (horizontal pipe, pebble bed, surface tank, and a closed loop vertical well) and an air source heat pump tested at AERL.
8 – PHYLUM ROTIFERA

The phylum Rotifera or Rotatoria comprises of approximately 2000 species of unsegmented, bilaterally symmetrical, pseudocoelomates, possessing two distinctive features. First, at the apical end (head), there is a ciliated region called the corona, which is used in locomotion and food gathering. In adults of some forms, ciliation is lacking and the corona is a funnel or bowl shaped structure, at the bottom of which is the mouth. Second, a muscular pharynx, the mastax, possessing a complex set of hard jaws called trophi, is present in all rotifers. Although rotifers are often confused with ciliated protozoans and gastrotrichs by beginning students, those organisms do not possess trophi and their ciliation is not distributed in the same way as in rotifers. Collectively, this phylum is widely distributed; it is found in all freshwater habitats at densities generally ranging up to about 1,000 individuals/L. However, rotifers occasionally become abundant if sufficient food is available. In general, rotifers are not as diverse or as abundant in marine environments as micro crustaceans, but they occur in many near shore marine communities and occasionally comprise the dominant portion of the biomass.
Amino Acids and Peptides

Amino acids are low-molecular-weight biomolecules that serve as building blocks of peptides and proteins. In forming these larger compounds, amino acids become linked covalently, producing chains of varying lengths. We call short chains, consisting of two or more amino acids, peptides. Long chains, often containing hundreds of amino acids, are polypeptides or proteins. Each chain has a unique sequence of amino acids.
Evoked Response Audiometry

The last decade has brought a great increase in the use of electrophysiologic tests of auditory function. Such tests are possible because with modern technology evidence of the electrical activity of the system can be picked up with non-invasive, or nearly non-invasive, techniques. These tests are especially useful for children who cannot yet respond to the usual behavioral testing regimen. The importance of early assessment of hearing dysfunction can scarcely be overemphasized. Electric response tests, therefore, which in skillful hands can be reliable on infants of a few months age, can be extremely valuable in early assurance and guidance of parents, physicians and others concerned with the child’s training.
A Diamond and a Tropic Gale: Reexamining Bisexuality in Mrs. Dalloway

This article provides a fresh analysis of the desires of the title character in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway. Hardly any queer scholarship considers the possibility that Clarissa Dalloway is not ...
Onset of the African Humid Period by 13.9 kyr BP at Kabua Gorge, Turkana Basin, Kenya

The shift toward wetter climatic conditions during the African Humid Period (AHP) transformed previously marginal habitats into environments conducive to human exploitation. The Turkana Basin provi...
Indoor Positioning Based on Visible Light Communication: A Performance-based Survey of Real-world Prototypes

The emergent context-aware applications in ubiquitous computing demands for obtaining accurate location information of humans or objects in real-time. Indoor location-based services can be delivered through implementing different types of technology, among which is a recent approach that utilizes LED lighting as a medium for Visible Light Communication (VLC). The ongoing development of solid-state lighting (SSL) is resulting in the wide increase of using LED lights and thereby building the ground for a ubiquitous wireless communication network from lighting systems. Considering the recent advances in implementing Visible Light Positioning (VLP) systems, this article presents a review of VLP systems and focuses on the performance evaluation of experimental achievements on location sensing through LED lights. We have outlined the performance evaluation of different prototypes by introducing new performance metrics, their underlying principles, and their notable findings. Furthermore, the study synthesizes the fundamental characteristics of VLC-based positioning systems that need to be considered, presents several technology gaps based on the current state-of-the-art for future research endeavors, and summarizes our lessons learned towards the standardization of the performance evaluation.
Managing WIP Through Q-Time Links to Maximize Output While Minimizing the Risk of Potential Yield Loss

This paper uses a simulation model of a Q-time link in a semiconductor manufacturing line to evaluate the impact of a line control strategy for managing lots in the Q-time link to simultaneously maximize the throughput of the link and minimize the number of lots that violate the link time limit. The simulation results demonstrate that a line control strategy limiting the number of lots inside the Q-time link (WIP Control) is effective in meeting these objectives in situations where there is high equipment uptime variability and short Q-time link time limits as long as there is sufficient buffer capacity to ensure tool utilization below 90%.
Thinking About Victimization: Context and Consequences

Victimology is a relatively new field, especially when examined against the backdrop of criminology more broadly. Historically, whereas defendants were afforded due process and the right to a fair ...
Educational Attainment and Quality of Life among Older Adults before a Lung Cancer Diagnosis

Background: Demographic and contextual factors are associated with quality of life (QoL) in older adults and prediagnosis QoL among older adults has important implications for supportive care in older cancer patients. Objective: To examine whether lower educational attainment is associated with poorer QoL among community dwelling older adults just before their diagnosis of lung cancer in a nationally representative sample. Design: This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) dataset, which provides cancer registry data linked with survey data for Medicare Advantage enrollees. Subjects: Adults 65 years and older at time of diagnosis with first or only primary lung cancer and with at least one survey before their cancer diagnosis. Measurements: Level of education attained was categorized as less than high school (<HS) or at least a high school diploma (≥HS). QoL was calculated based on individual subscale scores from the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) until 2006 (Veteran's RAND 12-Item Survey [VR-12] after 2006). Demographic covariates as well as number of comorbidities were adjusted for in multivariable models. Results: Higher education was positively associated with prediagnosis mental and physical QoL. Other factors associated with lower QoL were Medicaid status and number of comorbidities. Conclusions: Particular attention should focus on identifying and addressing QoL needs among vulnerable older adults to bolster QoL to mitigate its potential impact on prognosis following a lung cancer diagnosis.
A performance optimization method of ground distance protection for double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower based on substation information

The measured impedance of ground distance protection in the double-circuit transmission lines on the same tower is affected by the zero-sequence compensation coefficient, which varies greatly when the fault location and the operation modes of other lines are different, the protection performance will be greatly affected; thus, an optimized setting method is needed. in this paper, a performance optimization method of ground distance protection for multicircuit transmission lines on the same tower based on substation information is proposed. Influence factors and their mechanism on affecting the zero-sequence compensation coefficient is analyzed firstly. A self-adaptive setting method of zero-sequence compensation coefficient using substation information is proposed. The PSCAD simulation results show that the method can improve the measurement accuracy of ground distance protection.
Enzymatic Lactone-Carbene C–H Insertion to Build Contiguous Chiral Centers

We report a biocatalytic platform of engineered cytochrome P411 enzymes (P450s with axial serine ligation) to carry out efficient lactone-carbene insertion into primary and secondary α-amino C–H bo...
Chapter 144 – Phospholipase D

Publisher Summary Phospholipase D (PLD) is associated with hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of the glycerolipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) to form phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. PLD superfamily catalyzes a transphosphatidylation reaction that, depending on the specific gene product, can employ a wide variety of primary alcohol-like nucleophiles such as water, ethanol, 1-butanol, glycerol, and diacylglycerol to synthesize phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidyl alcohols, and other lipids. Also, PLD superfamily members hydrolyze substrates including cardiolipin, DNA, and covalently-linked stalled DNA-topoisomerase complexes. PLD genes are found in all species, from viruses and bacteria to plants and animals. The wide spectrum of roles has implicated PLD in a number of disease-associated processes, including diabetes, atherogenesis, obesity, oncogenesis, immunological responses, and neuroendocrine function. Furthermore, PA has been linked to a diverse range of cellular processes using methodology that relies on the use of primary alcohols to divert PLD to generate phosphatidylalcohols instead of PA, or on a variety of relatively non-specific inhibitors such as ceramide or neomycin, expression of dominant-negative isoforms, and RNAi. Therefore, PLD has been demonstrated to be important for many cellular processes. Immune responses and tumorigenesis represent two key physiological areas for which PLD may be a good drug target through development of specific inhibitors, and play a role in immune function and cancer inhibition.
Autoimmune dystonia – a group of patients responsive to immunotherapy (P2.2-046)

Objective: To report the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes in patients exhibiting autoimmune dystonia (AD) with negative serological and cerebrospinal fluid markers Background: Immunological causes and treatment of dystonia are rarely reported in medical literature Design/Methods: Retrospective case-series of four patients presenting with intractable dystonia syndrome after failing conventional medical treatment. Video clips were obtained at baseline and post treatment. Results: There were 4 cases diagnosed with AD included in this study and all patients were females (4/4). The age of onset ranged between 20 to 57 years old, and duration of symptoms at time of presentation ranged between 3 weeks to 17 years. Generalized asymmetric dystonia was the most common presentation (4/4 patients), and parkinsonian symptoms (rigidity and resting tremors) were present in 1 (1/4 patients). AD clinical course was chronic in all cases with episodes of acute exacerbation consisting of severe painful muscular spasms affecting all extremities (4/4 patients) and tremors (2/4 patients). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed normal findings (4/4 patients), and a dopamine transporter single-photon emission computed tomography (DaT SPECT) obtained in one patient was normal. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid autoimmune encephalitis panels performed at Mayo Clinic laboratory were unremarkable. Immunotherapy was initiated in all cases using intravenous methylprednisolone 1 g daily for 5 days and intravenous immunoglobulin 0.4 gm/kg for 5 days, followed by azathioprine maintenance dose (2 mg/kg). Improvement of symptoms was evident in all cases (4/4) with complete resolution of AD in 2 cases (2/4 patients). Conclusions: Generalized dystonia could be related to an autoimmune process. Patients with AD could potentially be misclassified as idiopathic and subsequently fail to receive proper treatment. Despite a significant delay in therapy, patients with AD may respond well to immunomodulators with a favorable outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Sioufi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sioufi has nothing to disclose.
Epidemia de peste porcina africana: estado actual

La peste porcina africana es una infeccion viral no zoonotica que se transmite por contacto y por garrapatas. Su notificacion debe ser inmediata y es obligatoria. Afecta a cerdos domesticos y silvestres con diversas manifestaciones clinicas. En cerdos domesticos y jabalies, la presentacion clinica es muy similar a la de peste porcina clasica (tambien conocida como colera porcino), por lo que es imprescindible una correcta toma de muestras y un rapido envio al laboratorio para lograr un diagnostico diferencial. Los ciclos de infeccion se presentan de dos formas: a) selvatica, en la que el virus permanece en circulacion durante largos periodos entre las garrapatas y los animales persistentemente infectados, y b) epidemica, que involucra a cerdos domesticos y jabalies, pero raramente se encuentra en los vectores. Los principales signos son fiebre, letargia, y muerte subita en casos sobreagudos. Si el animal resiste algunos dias, se observan diarreas y vomitos con fuertes hemorragias y emaciacion de la piel. Los casos mas moderados dejan un cierto porcentaje de animales sobrevivientes que permanecen como transmisores de la enfermedad. Tambien pueden existir portadores asintomaticos. No hay tratamiento ni vacunas, por lo que el control de la enfermedad se fundamenta en una deteccion rapida y en el sacrificio obligatorio de todos los individuos afectados y sospechosos de haber estado en contacto con el virus. La peste porcina africana es endemica en Africa, Europa del este, China y parte de Asia.
Distance Education Support for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Complex Needs During COVID-19 and School Closures

Schools serve an essential function for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and complex needs. However, school-based instruction may be interrupted due to pandemics, natural disasters, ...
Faster Numerical Univariate Polynomial Root-Finding by Means of Subdivision Iterations

Root-finding for a univariate polynomial is four millennia old and still highly important for Computer Algebra and various other fields. Subdivision root-finders for a complex univariate polynomial are known to be highly efficient and practically promising. The recent one by Becker et al. [2] competes for user’s choice and is nearly optimal for dense polynomials represented in monomial basis, but [18] proposes and analyzes further significant acceleration, which becomes dramatic for polynomials admitting their fast evaluation (e.g., sparse ones). Here and in the companion paper [19], we present some of these results and algorithms.
Imperfect partnership: effects of collaboratories on scientists from developing countries

Academic research and various reports from research institutions and governmental agencies have consistently indicated a gap in the scientific output of developing and developed countries. Researchers and policy makers are trying hard to reduce the disparity. In recent years, researchers have hypothesized that a new form of scientific collaboration–the "collaboratory"–holds promises to greatly benefit scientists from developing countries. It is argued that distributed collaborations enabled by various information technologies can allow scientists from developing countries to reach remotely located experts, instruments, and databases that their local institutions cannot afford. However, there have been no empirical studies to prove or disprove this. Prior studies of the impact of information technology on scientific work tend to focus on the correlation between technology use and scientific productivity as measured by publications and citations. This approach ignores the mediating factors affecting the relationship between information technology use and scientific productivity. As a result, we are not clear about the dynamics through which information technology exerts its influence. Neither do we understand how information technology enhances productivity, if it indeed does so. Thus, the current study focuses on some mediating factors that purportedly lead to productivity, such as scientists' access to resources and participation in communities of practice. Adopting a qualitative approach (interviews complemented by field observation), I explore how scientists from developing countries benefit from reaching remotely located resources and participating in communities of practice in the virtual organization of a collaboratory. I also demonstrate how the relation of resource dependency, the nature of collaborative work, geographical distance and cultural differences influence scientists' participation in collaborataries. These factors affect the ability of scientists from developing countries to access resources of collaboratories, build relationships with other collaboratory members and learn knowledge and practice from their collaborators in the developed world. In addition, I show that collaboratories facilitate technology transfer from scientists from developed countries to those from developing countries. However, scientists from developing countries demonstrate an urgent need to build general competence in performing research. This kind of competence can only be achieved through long-term exposure to the practices of advanced laboratories from the developed world. Collaboratories failed to meet the need because of their project-oriented nature and their funding mechanism.
Triploidization in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) induced by cold shock

Abstract The present research investigated induction of triploidy using a cold temperature shock in pikeperch, Sander lucioperca L. In this study, a cold shock treatment by immersing eggs in an ice-water bath (1.0–1.1 °C) at 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 min post-activation at fertilization (PA) for 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 min was applied. Three out of 25 tested combinations of initiation time and shock duration resulted in 100% triploidy: initiation at 5 min PA for 90 and 120 min and at 7 min PA for 120 min. Shock treatments initiated at 20 min PA resulted in all- diploid larvae. The control treatment showed hatching rate of 66.2%, without any triploid production and 2.7% malformed larvae. Cold shock initiated at 5 min PA for 120 min resulting in 100% triploidy and a hatching rate of 20.2%, malformed larvae accounted for 5.5% of larvae was considered as the most effective treatment for inducing 100% triploidy in pikeperch.
On the Sustainability and Optimality of Government Debt

This paper derives the Sustainability and Optimality Rules for government debt within an intertemporal optimizing framework in which both capital and government debt are endogenous, driven by utility and profit maximizing behavior of private agents and tax and expenditures policies of the government. The Rules are expressed purely in terms of familiar economic parameters and their ready applicability in an operational context is illustrated by instructive numerical examples. A discussion of the relationship between the Optimality Rule and the well-known Golden Rule of savings in the literature is also provided.
Do Personal Beliefs and Values Affect an Individual’s “Fraud Tolerance”? Evidence from the World Values Survey

We introduce the concept of fraud tolerance, validate the conceptualization using prior studies in economics and criminology as well as our own independent tests, and explore the relationship of fraud tolerance with numerous cultural attributes using data from the World Values Survey. Applying partial least squares path modeling, we find that people with stronger self-enhancing (self-transcending) values exhibit higher (lower) fraud tolerance. Further, respondents who believe in the importance of hard work exhibit lower fraud tolerance, and such beliefs mediate the relationship between locus of control and fraud tolerance. Finally, we find that people prone to traditional gender stereotypes demonstrate higher fraud tolerance and document subtle differences in the influence of these cultural attributes across age, religiosity, and gender groups. Our study contributes to research on corporate governance, ethics, and the antecedents of work-place dishonesty.
Local electronic structure of histidine in aqueous solution

The local electronic structure of aqueous histidine, an amino acid important in nature and biology, is revealed by aerosol X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. A detailed picture of the photoionization dynamics emerges by tuning the pH of the aqueous solution from which the aerosols are generated, allowing us to report the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of histidine. Assignment of the experimental photoelectron spectra of the C1s and N1s levels allows the determination of the protonation state of histidine in these aqueous aerosols and is confirmed by density functional calculations. XPS spectra show that at pH = 1, both imidazole and amine group nitrogens are protonated, at pH = 7, the amine group nitrogen is protonated and the carboxyl group carbon is deprotonated resulting in a zwitterionic structure, and at pH = 13, only the carboxyl group remains deprotonated. Comparison of these results with previous experimental and theoretical results suggests that X-ray spectroscopy on aqueous aerosols can provide a convenient and simple way of probing their electronic structure in aqueous solutions.
Genomic Mosaicism Formed by Somatic Variation in the Aging and Diseased Brain.

Over the past 20 years, analyses of single brain cell genomes have revealed that the brain is composed of cells with myriad distinct genomes: the brain is a genomic mosaic, generated by a host of DNA sequence-altering processes that occur somatically and do not affect the germline. As such, these sequence changes are not heritable. Some processes appear to occur during neurogenesis, when cells are mitotic, whereas others may also function in post-mitotic cells. Here, we review multiple forms of DNA sequence alterations that have now been documented: aneuploidies and aneusomies, smaller copy number variations (CNVs), somatic repeat expansions, retrotransposons, genomic cDNAs (gencDNAs) associated with somatic gene recombination (SGR), and single nucleotide variations (SNVs). A catch-all term of DNA content variation (DCV) has also been used to describe the overall phenomenon, which can include multiple forms within a single cell’s genome. A requisite step in the analyses of genomic mosaicism is ongoing technology development, which is also discussed. Genomic mosaicism alters one of the most stable biological molecules, DNA, which may have many repercussions, ranging from normal functions including effects of aging, to creating dysfunction that occurs in neurodegenerative and other brain diseases, most of which show sporadic presentation, unlinked to causal, heritable genes.
Energy-Efficient Digital Processing for Neural Action Potentials

This chapter discusses algorithm, architecture, and circuit techniques for efficient implementation of neural signal processing circuits. In particular, the focus is on spike sorting and compressive sampling for action potentials. The chapter begins with an introduction to spike sorting and compressive sampling, and the need for their implementation in modern-day neural recording systems. We then illustrate, through examples, some useful methods for algorithm selection and optimization. Digital design techniques that are beneficial in power and area reduction for neural signal processing DSPs are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions in the area of biosignal processing.
Quantum noise of free-carrier dispersion in semiconductor optical cavities

This paper derives Langevin equations for an optical cavity where the dominant nonlinearity arises from free-carrier dispersion. We define a generalized Wigner function, compute a Fokker-Planck equation that approximates the master equation, and convert this to a system of stochastic differential equations. These equations are similar to the Wigner equations for an optical Kerr cavity, but have additional noise terms due to the incoherent carrier excitation and decay processes. We use these equations to simulate a phase-sensitive amplifier and latch and compare the results to a Kerr model.
The subsidy myth: Who pays for the local loop?

Abstract Telephone industry spokespersons in the USA have argued that, over the past 50 years, long distance has subsidized local service — a view which has been widely accepted. This article argues that the existence of the subsidy is a myth, and that policy decisions should not be made based on its acceptance. The author shows the flaws behind the telephone companies' characterization of the local loop as a cost entirely arising from local service, on which they base their subsidy argument. The author argues that the misconceptions about the telephone subsidy need to be rectified, in order to be able effectively to evaluate proposals for telephone regulation.