cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of porcine endometrial estrogen sulfotransferase in progesterone mediated downregulation of estrogen receptor

Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) is a progesterone (Pg) induced secretory endometrial enzyme which may effect estrogen receptor levels by esterifying estradiol-17β (E2) to an inactive, sulfate form. The effects of this enzyme were studied using specific inhibitors of EST that do not bind to estrogen receptor (ER): 4-nitroestrone 3-methyl ether and 4-fluoroestrone 3-methyl ether. A 1 h pulse with 4 nM E2 caused ERn (i.e. E2-bound, chromatin-bound receptor) to increase 40% in incubations of proliferative gilt endometrium (no EST activity), while the same E2 treatment of secretory endometrium (high EST activity) caused no increase in ERn. ERn accumulation was completely restored in these experiments by preincubating secretory endometrium with 4 μM 4-fluoroestrone 3-methyl ether. Gilt endometrial explants cultured 7 days with 1 nM E2 plus 1 μM Pg (which induced EST activity) possessed half the ERn as explants devoid of EST activity which were cultured in E2 alone. The addition of 10 μM 4-nitroestrone 3-methyl ester to the cultures of secretory endometrium restored ERn to the levels seen in minces cultured with E2 alone. Furthermore, ovariectomized gilts injected daily with 250 μg E2 plus 25 mg Pg had much lower ERn (0.06 fmol/μg DNA) than gilts injected with E2 only (0.21 fmol/μg DNA). ERn was restored completely by supplementing the E2 plus Pg injections with 0.5 g 4-nitroestrone 3-methyl ether administered by vaginal suppositories. It is concluded that the Pg-induced endometrial EST, by inactivating E2in situ, interferes with E2-dependent replenishment of ER and therefore is, at least partially, responsible for the downregulation of ER seen in secretory porcine endometrium.
Development of a method to measure kinetics of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody in human tumour with applications to microdosimetry : positron emission tomography studies of iodine-124 labelled 3F8 monoclonal antibody in glioma

We present a method to assess quantitatively the immunological characteristics of tumours using radiolabelled monoclonal antibody and positron emission tomography (PET) to improve dosimetry for radioimunotherapy. This method is illustrated with a glioma patient who was injected with 96.2 MBq of iodine-124 labelled 3F8, a murine antibody (IgG3) specific against the ganglioside GD2. Serial PET scans and plasma samples were taken over 11 days. A three-compartment model was used to estimate the plasma to tumour transfer constant (K1), the tumour to plasma transfer constant k2, the association and dissociation constants (k3, k4) of antibody binding, and the binding potential. Tumour radioactivity peaked at 18 h at 0.0045% ID/g. The kinetic parameters were estimated to be: K1 = 0.048 ml h−1 g−1, k2 = 0.16 h−1, k3 = 0.03 h−1, k4 = 0.015 h−1 and BP = 2.25. Based on these kinetic parameters, the amount of tumour-bound radiolabelled monoclonal antibody was calculated. This method permits estimates of both macrodosimetry and microdosimetry at the cellular level based on in vivo non-invasive measurement.
Building trust to increase purchase intentions: The signaling impact of low pricing policies

We examine the differential signaling impact of two low pricing policies, Price Matching Guarantees and Everyday Low Prices, on consumers' trusting beliefs and purchase intentions. We demonstrate that both PMG and EDLP pricing policies signal stores' ability to offer lower prices. However, whether these sellers were perceived as benevolent, and—consequently—consumers' purchase intentions, varied critically depending upon price uncertainty. Perceived benevolence and purchase intentions were significantly higher [lower] for sellers offering PMG than EDLP when price dispersion was high [low]. Our findings offer insights into whether and under what conditions firms should adopt these low pricing policies.
Role of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr Virus, and Human Herpes Virus‐8 in Benign Lymphoepithelial Cysts of the Parotid Gland

Objective: To provide background and evaluate the role of herpesviruses in benign lymphoepithelial cysts (BLC) of the parotid gland. Study Design: Case series derived from review of pathology specimens. Methods: Radiolabeled polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect for the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences in 14 paraffin embedded specimens and 1 freshly aspirated BLC specimen. Thirteen normal parotid tissue specimens obtained from paraffin embedded blocks were used as a control group. Results: CMV was detected with nearly equal frequency between the two groups (23% of normal vs. 20% in BLC). HHV-8 was found in 13% of the BLC group and in none of the normal group (P = .4841). There was significant difference in EBV detection between the normal (0%) and the BLC (33%) groups (P = .0437). Conclusion: CMV and HHV-8 does not appear to be associated with BLCs. Although EBV is found more frequently in BLC than in normal parotid controls, further studies are needed to elucidate the role of this virus in BLC pathogenesis.
A ray-tracing technique for improving Satellite Laser Ranging atmospheric delay corrections, including the effects of horizontal refractivity gradients

[1] In this paper we study the effects of horizontal refractivity gradients on the propagation of optical signals for a globally distributed set of Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) stations. Using two-dimensional ray tracing and globally distributed satellite data from NASA’s Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), as well atmospheric fields from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), we calculate the effects of horizontal gradients on a global set of SLR stations using 2 years of data during 2004 and 2005. We investigate in detail how seasonal and diurnal changes, latitudinal dependence, topography, and oceans affect the gradients at specific locations, as well as the application of these gradients on a set of SLR data from the LAGEOS 1 and 2 geodetic satellites. For the year 2004, AIRS ray-tracing results showed maximum north-south (NS) gradient delays of 50 mm at 10° elevation angle at Herstmonceux, UK and east-west (EW) gradient delays of 35 mm at Yarragadee, Australia. Mean NS and EW gradients had delays not exceeding 5 mm for both AIRS and NCEP analysis at all stations. The standard deviations of AIRS gradients ranged from 6 to 12 mm, while NCEP gradients ranged from 3 to 9 mm, depending on location and time of year. The effects of applying AIRS and NCEP total ray-tracing results, including horizontal gradient contributions, to a set of global SLR geodetic data resulted in reduction of the solution residuals by up to 43% in variance percent difference. This is a highly significant contribution for the SLR technique’s effort to reach an accuracy at the 1-mm level this decade.
Automatic coarse graining of polymers

Several recently proposed semi-automatic and fully-automatic coarse-graining schemes for polymer simulations are discussed. All these techniques derive effective potentials for multi-atom units or super-atoms from atomistic simulations. These include techniques relying on single chain simulations in vacuum and self-consistent optimizations from the melt like the simplex method and the inverted Boltzmann method. The focus is on matching the polymer structure on different scales. Several ways to obtain a time-scale for dynamic mapping are discussed additionally. Finally, similarities to other simulation areas where automatic optimization are applied as well are pointed out.
ULF and ELF magnetic activity from a terrestrial dust devil

[1] Terrestrial dust devils are known to be triboelectric generators: electric charge is generated and exchanged via the mixing and colliding of moving grains. Static electric fields from the structures have been previously reported, this in excess of 1/2 kV/m at a couple hundred meters from the devil. In this work, we report on AC magnetic measurements made during the passage of an intense ∼10-m wide, couple hundred-meter tall dust devil in the Nevada desert. The devil-related magnetic activity appears in two forms: Impulsive extremely-low-frequency (ELF: 30–300 Hz) static discharges to the instrument as the sensor became immersed directly into the devil's electrified dust and ultra-low-frequency (ULF: 3–30 Hz), continuous emissions that were sensed remotely as the storm approached and receded from the mobile station. The latter is a new finding not previously reported. Such measurements not only prove that individual dust grains within the devil are charged, but that the grains are transported in bulk to form an extended, coherent radiation source.
Concealed Conduction: An Indication for Temporary Demand Pacing

A patient with inferior wall myocardial infarction and type I second degreee atrioventricular block is presented. This patient developed long symptomatic ventricular cycles caused by concealed conduction of some atrial impulses. He was successfully treated with temporary demand pacing and digitalis.
Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory: The Path to Competitiveness and Scalability

This paper provides an in-depth review of the magnetoresistive random access memory technology and its developments over the past decade. Both the traditional field-driven and more recent spin torque transfer driven designs are discussed. By pointing out key technical challenges, important aspects and characteristics of various designs are used to illustrate mechanisms that overcome the technical obstacles. A significant portion of this paper is devoted to the principles of various designs based on spin torque transfer effect, including memory elements with in-plane and perpendicular magnetic electrodes.
Molecular Simulation on Explosive Boiling of Water on a Hot Copper Plate

In this paper, molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to study the explosive boiling of liquid water film heated by a hot copper plate in a confined space. A more physically-sound thermostat is applied to control the temperature of the metal plate and then to heat water molecules that are placed in the elastic wall confined simulation domain. The results show that liquid water molecules close to the plate are instantly overheated and undergo an explosive phase transition. A huge pressure in the region between liquid film and hot copper plate formed at the beginning and leads to a low density vapor region by partially vaporizing water film. A non-vaporization molecular layer, with a constant density of 0.2 g/cm3, tightly attached to the surface of the plate is observed. The z-component of COM (center of mass) trajectory of the liquid film in the confined space is tracked and analyzed. The one-dimensional density profile indicates the water film have a piston-like motion after short period of explosive boiling. Temperatures at three corresponding regions, which are vapor, liquid, and vapor from the top plate surface, are also computed and analyzed along with the piston-like motion of the bulk liquid film.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Optimization of a chemically defined, minimal medium for Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum

This article presents results from a systematic study aimed at for mulating a defined, minimal medium for the growth ofClostridium thermosaccharolyticum in batch and in continuous culture. At least one vitamin appears to be essential, and there is no demonstrable requirement for trace minerals. The defined medium is shown to support growth on high substrate concentrations with scaled nutrient levels and is expected to permit complete utilization when nutrient limitation(s) are overcome. The observed elemental requirements are compared with cell mass fraction measurements and with a typical cell composition. The maximum growth rate (μmax) for batch growth ofC thermosaccharolyticum on the minimal medium is 0.27h−1 as compared with values of ∼0.4 h−1 typically reported for growth on complex media. However, exponential growth terminates at an optical density of about 0.22 corresponding to about 40% of the final value attained. Greater understanding of nutrient requirements and interactions is needed to address this issue.
Fish assemblage and habitat factors associated with the distribution of Topeka shiner (Notropis topeka) in Kansas streams

Topeka shiners (Notropis topeka) were historically abundant throughout many Great Plains streams but their abundance and distribution declined and the species was listed as federally endangered in 1999. However, few studies have examined how Topeka shiner populations are linked to biotic and abiotic factors. Thus, the objectives of this study were to identify trends in Topeka shiner distribution from 1995 to 2008 and determine which fish assemblage and habitat factors were most associated with Topeka shiner distribution in Kansas streams. Fish and in-stream habitat metrics were collected from 34 sites in northeast Kansas in 1995, 2003, and 2008. Stepwise discriminant function analyses (DFA) were used to determine if fish assemblage percent composition and in-stream and landscape habitat factors could be used to differentiate among years and between sites with and without Topeka shiners. Higher percent composition of rosyface shiner (Notropis rubellus) was generally indicative of sites with Topeka shiners ...
Valuing Diversity in Political Organizations: Gender and Token Minorities in the U.S. House of Representatives

Political scientists are keenly interested in how diversity influences politics, yet we know little about how diverse groups of political actors interact. We advance a unified theory of colleague valuation to address this puzzle. The theory explains how minority group size affects how members of a political organization differentially value majority and minority group colleagues, predicting that the effect of preference divergence on individual-level colleague valuation is greatest when the minority group is smallest. We test this prediction using member-to-member leadership political action committee (PAC) contributions in the U.S. House of Representatives. The results obtain strong, albeit not uniform, support for the theory, demonstrating that the gender gap in colleague valuations declines as preference divergence increases in all but one instance. In contrast to conventional wisdom, the theory and evidence indicate that women serving in the U.S. House of Representatives receive less support from men colleagues as their ranks increase.
Clinical Value of the First Dedicated, Commercially Available Automatic Injector for Ictal Brain SPECT in Presurgical Evaluation of Pediatric Epilepsy: Comparison with Manual Injection

The most challenging technical problem in ictal brain SPECT for localization of an epileptogenic focus is obtaining a timely injection of a radiopharmaceutical. In our institution, the first dedicated commercially available, remotely controlled automatic injector has been used in the pediatric epilepsy unit in conjunction with 24-h video and electroencephalogram monitoring. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the improved success rate of ictal injection by use of the automatic injector in the pediatric population. Methods: Eighty-four pediatric patients and eighty-four 99mTc-ethylcysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) ictal brain SPECT studies were retrospectively analyzed in a masked manner. The group with manual injection consisted of 45 studies performed from 2004 to 2010 before the introduction of the automatic injector. The group with automatic injection consisted of 39 studies performed from 2010 to 2011 after the introduction of the automatic injector. The 2 groups were comparable in the total duration of seizure, injected dose, and time from the injection to the image acquisition. The latency time from the seizure onset to the initiation time of injection, the ratio of latency time to total duration of seizure (L/T), the number of patients with repeated studies, the number of days of additional hospitalization for each study, and the localization rate for identifying a single focus in each study were compared between the groups. Results: The median latency time in the group with automatic injection (8 s) was significantly lower than that of the group with manual injection (18 s) (P
ATP-dependent partitioning of the DNA template into supercoiled domains by Escherichia coli UvrAB.

Abstract The helicase action of the Escherichia coli UvrAB complex on a covalently closed circular DNA template was monitored using bacterial DNA topoisomerase I, which specifically removes negative supercoils. In the presence of E. coli DNA topoisomerase I and ATP, the UvrAB complex gradually introduced positive supercoils into the input relaxed plasmid DNA template. Positive supercoils were not produced when E. coli DNA topoisomerase I was replaced by eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase I or when both E. coli and eukaryotic DNA topoisomerases I were added simultaneously. These results suggest that like other DNA helix-tracking processes, the ATP-dependent action of the UvrAB complex on duplex DNA simultaneously generates both positive and negative supercoils, which are not constrained by protein binding but are torsionally strained. The supercoiling activity of UvrAB on UV-damaged DNA was also studied using UV-damaged plasmid DNA and a mutant UvrA protein that lacks the 40 C-terminal amino acids and is defective in preferential binding to UV-damaged DNA. UvrAB was found to preferentially supercoil the UV-damaged DNA template, whereas the mutant protein supercoiled UV-damaged and undamaged DNA with equal efficiency. Our results therefore suggest that the DNA helix-tracking activity of UvrAB may be involved in searching and/or prepriming the damaged DNA for UvrC incision. A possible role of supercoiled domains in the incision process is discussed.
Patent Counts and Textile Invention: A Comment on Griffiths, Hunt, and O’Brien

Our best estimates fail to reveal significant quantitative changes in the level of macroeconomic variables (such as per capita output or the savings rate) for Britain during the eighteenth century.1 Efforts that investigate economic activity at the industrial level are, therefore, well placed if the concept of Industrial Revolution is to remain useful. For example, N. F. R. Crafts and T. C. Mills use a segmented quadratic-trend model of industrial production and find that the trend rate of growth accelerated in 1776.2 In addition, my own research has revealed trend acceleration for industrial-level patented invention in the 1760-to-1790 period, which is consistent with Joel Mokyrâ€™s argument that the essence of the Industrial Revolution was a cluster of pivotal â€œmacroinventionsâ€ made in this period.3
Radio-Frequency-Noise Characterization and Modeling of Type-II InP–GaAsSb DHBT

This letter presents the first characterization of radio-frequency noise of type-II InP-GaAsSb double-heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) from 2 to 24 GHz. Its small-signal noise equivalent model is developed and verified with the experimental data. The noise performance of the type-II InP-GaAsSb HBT is also compared with the type-I InP-InGaAs HBT with similar cutoff frequencies larger than 300 GHz. The analysis shows that the particular type-II transistor under test has higher noise than its counterpart type-I device primarily due to the difference of dc current gain.
Structural classification and properties of ketoacyl reductases, hydroxyacyl dehydratases and enoyl reductases

Ketoacyl reductases (KRs), hydroxyacyl dehydratases (HDs) and enoyl reductases (ERs) are part of the fatty acid and polyketide synthesis cycles. Their reverse reactions, catalyzed by acyl dehydrogenases (equivalent to ERs), enoyl hydratases (equivalent to HDs) and hydroxyacyl dehydrogenases (equivalent to KRs), are part of fatty acid degradation by β-oxidation. These enzymes have been classified into families based on similarities in their primary and tertiary structures, and these families and their structures are included in the ThYme (Thioester-active enzYmes) database. Members of each family have strong sequence similarity and have essentially the same tertiary structure, mechanism and catalytic residues.
Feature extraction for topological mine maps

We present a robust method for detecting and recognizing topological features in underground mines. Our method involves performing Delaunay triangulations on range scans to extract points of interest, such as intersecting corridors. By combining these interest points into a topological map, we have a valuable tool for navigation and localization in large scale, highly cyclic environments. We present results from a research coal mine near Pittsburgh, PA.
Synchronization on a segment without localization: algorithm and applications

We study the multi-robot synchronization on a segment. The goal is for each robot to move along a subsegment of equal length in equal time interval with potential impacts. To achieve the synchronization, we propose a decentralized algorithm by designing impact law, which does not depend on the position of the robot, but on the time information. Specifically, “the time interval between two consecutive impacts” is exchanged when the robots meet. We also show how to apply the synchronization algorithm to a planar patrolling problem. Simulation results show the feasibility and robustness of our algorithm.
Enforcing Social Conformity: A Theory of Authoritarianism

Fifty years after the publication of The Authoritarian Personality, the empirical literature on authoritarianism continues to grow even though there is no widely accepted theory to account for the phenomenon. The absence of a secure theoretical grounding severely limits our understanding of authoritarianism. This paper offers a new conceptualization in which authoritarian predispositions originate in the conflict between the values of social conformity and personal autonomy. Prejudice and intolerance should be observed among those who value social conformity and perceive a threat to social cohesion. These hypotheses were tested with a sample of undergraduate students; the questionnaire included new measures of the dimension of social conformity–autonomy as well as items from Altemeyer's RWA (right–wing authoritarianism) scale.
Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Hepatitis A Vaccine: Effect of Dose and Vaccination Schedule

The safety and immunogenicity of three doses (360 ELISA units [EU], 720 EU, and 1440 EU) and four immunization schedules (0, 1, and 2; 0, 1, and 6; 0, 1, and 12; 0, 2, and 4 months) of an inactivated hepatitis A vaccine were investigated in 80 healthy adult volunteers. Adverse effects were mild and comparable to those in a control group given hepatitis B vaccine. Antibody levels presumed to be protective (> or = 20 mIU/mL) were achieved after one injection in 90% of vaccinees given 360 and 720 EU and in 100% given 1440 EU. After two injections, 100% of vaccinees seroconverted regardless of the dose of vaccine given. All vaccine schedules were highly immunogenic. The accelerated and high-dose schedule could be useful for people who need to be rapidly immunized. The 12-month schedule induced very high levels of anti-hepatitis A virus but had problems with compliance. The 0-, 2-, and 4-month schedule produced higher antibody levels than the conventional 0-, 1-, and 6-month schedule (P = .016). This suggests that the hepatitis A vaccine could be incorporated into existing pediatric vaccine schedules.
Franchisee/Franchisor Relations: A Study of Channel Contributions

Several authors discuss factors affecting Franchisee/ Franchisor relationships. This work evaluated the Franchisee’s view of various factors in terms of importance of Franchisor’s contribution to short run profitability and contribution to operating practices.
Two challenges that categorical properties pose to physicalism

What are physical objects like when they are considered independently of their causal interactions? Many think that the answer to this question involves categorical properties– properties that make contributions to their bearers that are independent of any causal interactions those objects may enter into. In this paper, I examine two challenges that this solution poses to Physicalism. The first challenge is that, given that they are distinct from any of the scientifically described causal powers that they happen to convey, categorical properties will not qualify as being ‘physical’ properties. Given the right definition of ‘physical’, this challenge can be overcome. I argue, however, that the only way we can have a positive grasp of the nature of categorical properties is via ‘acquaintance’– a non-physical relation. This second challenge to Physicalism cannot be overcome.1
Surface analysis of the elastomer in lip seals run against shafts manufactured with micro-cavity patterns

AbstractRadial lip seals are used to retain lubricants and to prevent external contamination. When running against a plain stainless steel shaft, it is generally accepted that the micro-asperities that are developed on the lip seal elastomer by the shaft surface characteristics are responsible for the sealing mechanism in the form of reverse pumping. In this study, lip seals are tested against conventional stainless steel shafts and shafts manufactured with deterministic triangular micro-cavities of different orientations. Comprehensive surface characterization and wear ana-lysis are done using a scanning electron microscope and an optical profilometer to investigate the elastomer micro-asperities and shaft micro-cavities. Surface parameters are computed from the lip seal wear track of both the initial (before testing) and final (after testing) shaft surface. The lip seal elastomer surface wears away depending on the surface characteristics of the shaft. Previous work has concluded that incorporating surf...
Detection of Chiral Defects in Crystalline Organic Solids Using Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

ABSTRACT The marketing of enantiopure pharmaceuticals has become more common due to regulatory and safety concerns surrounding the potential differences in biological activity of opposite enantiomers. However, achieving the desired enantiopurity can be a challenge, and low levels of the undesired enantiomer (chiral impurity) may be present in the final product. The location and nature of this impurity can potentially alter pharmaceutically relevant properties. In this article, we show that it is possible to identify and quantitate the crystallographic locations of small amounts of one enantiomer ( l ) in the presence of predominantly the opposite d -enantiomer using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Proline was used as a model compound, and crystalline samples containing both d - and l -proline were prepared by solvent evaporation, lyophilization, spray drying, and cryogrinding. Isotopic labeling, 13 C cross polarization–magic angle spinning NMR spectral subtractions, and 1 H T 1 spin–lattice relaxation measurements allowed selective observation and characterization of the crystal environments into which the l -proline impurity was incorporated upon concurrent crystallization with d -proline. Results show that l -proline was incorporated in up to four different crystalline forms, including l -proline as a kinetically trapped substitutional chiral defect in the d -proline host crystal lattice. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 100:1879–1891, 2011.
Neural network and physiological parameters based control of artificial pancreas for improved patient safety

Acyber-physical system (CPS) establishes a close interaction between system's computational core and the control of physical process. In case of Diabetes, failure in endogenous insulin production requires exogenous infusion of required drug amount. We have proposed an architecture for artificial pancreas and checked its validity in simulations. The aim is to control blood glucose level (BGL) of a patient suffering from diabetes and to prevent the harmful state of Hypoglycemia. For this, vital signs monitoring is introduced through which hypoglycemic condition can be efficiently detected and avoided. Electrocardiogram, Heart beat rate, Electroencephalography and skin resistance are known to depict an irregularity in blood glucose. Upon detection, a specified amount of Glucagon is infused into patient's body. The system consists of an insulin infusion and glucagon pump, through which insulin/glucagon is entered into the patient's body subcutaneously, based on the current BGL. A neural network predictive controller is designed to keep the glucose level inside the desired 'safe range'. The simulations have shown that patient safety can be improved through this strategy.
Microprocessor-Based Charge Coupled Device (CCD) Test Console

A relatively inexpensive microprocessor-based charge coupled device (CCD) test console system has been built for the evaluation of CCD imaging arrays. The system consists of a commercially available microprocessor system (Commodore PET 2001) that controls test equipment used in CCD array testing. The test console is capable of measuring charge transfer efficiency (CTE) and noise for any size CCD array. The data collection is done by the computer interface to minimize operator error. The system is interactively controlled by an operator who runs the operation of the system from the keyboard of the microprocessor.
cis,fac-Dichlorido{N-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-(trimethyl-silyl-oxy)benz-yl]-N,N-bis-(2-pyridylmeth-yl)amine}(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium(II) dichloro-methane disolvate.

Reaction of dichloridotetra­kis(dimethyl sulfoxide)ruthenium(II) and N-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-(trimethyl­silyl­oxy)benz­yl]-N,N-bis­(2-pyridylmeth­yl)amine (BPPA-TMS) affords the thermodynamic product cis,fac-[RuCl2(BPPA-TMS)(DMSO)] and kinetic product trans,mer-[RuCl2(BPPA-TMS)(DMSO)]. The title complex, [RuCl2(C30H43N3OSi)(C2H6OS)]·2CH2Cl2, crystallizes as a dichloro­methane disolvate, with two formula units in the asymmetric unit. The complex exhibits a distorted-octa­hedral geometry about the low spin d6 RuII center. The BPPA-TMS ligand is coordinated in a facial fashion, with the DMSO ligand cis to the aliphatic nitro­gen atom of the BPPA-TMS ligand. One of the two dichloromethane solvate molecules is disordered over two positions in a 0.695:0.305 ratio.
A secure credit card protocol over NFC

NFC ("Near Field Communication") is a short-range wireless communication channel. The current NFC credit card protocol allows a contactless credit card to communicate wirelessly with a Point-of-Sale in order to perform a purchase. This protocol is vulnerable to four common attacks: eavesdropping, skimming, relay attacks, and compromised Points-of-Sale. The attacker's objective is twofold: stealing sensitive information, and performing unauthorized. We use stepwise refinement to design a secure NFC credit card protocol which defends against all four of these attacks. The resulting protocol does not use heavyweight cryptographic operations, instead using only inexpensive primitives such as pre-computed hashes, indexing, and XOR operations. Moreover, it explores the lower-bound of computation required on the card to mount an effective defense against these four classes of attacks. As such, the energy and computational requirements of the credit card in our protocol are kept to a minimum.
Abstract TP111: Activation of the Brain Renin-Angiotensin System by Translational Approaches Following Stroke Onset Is Neuroprotective in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke

Background: Toward discovering novel stroke therapies, recent research has shown that activation of the newly-discovered angiotensin converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/mas (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas) pathway, a counter-regulatory axis of the brain renin-angiotensin system, is neuroprotective in ischemic stroke in rats. Specifically, intraventricular administration of the novel ACE2 activator diminazine aceturate (DIZE) before and during an ischemic stroke decreases cerebral infarct and neurologic deficits. Efficacy must now be demonstrated using minimally-invasive methods if this therapy is to be translated to the care of human patients. In this study, we assessed the hypothesis that systemic administration of DIZE post ischemic stroke would be neuroprotective. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ischemic stroke by endothelin-1 induced middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=9-10/set): 1) intraperitoneal (IP) administrations of DIZE (7.5 mg/kg) at 4, 24, and 48 h after stroke; 2) IP administrations of 0.9% saline vehicle at the same time points. At 24 and 72 h after stroke, rats underwent blinded neurologic assessments. Immediately following the 72 h tests, animals were sacrificed, cerebral infarct volumes assessed by TTC staining, and IL-1β expression in the stroke region analyzed by rt-PCR. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM with significance inferred at p Results: Mean infarct volume was significantly decreased by IP injections of DIZE (9.4% ± 4.35) as compared to control (22.8%±3.6, p=0.039). At 24 h post stroke, neurologic deficits (Garcia Scale) were significantly improved in the DIZE treated group (16.7±0.40) versus the saline group (15.22±0.57, p=0.037). Although DIZE tended to improve neurologic deficits 72 h post stroke, this trend was not significant. Finally, DIZE treatment significantly reduced mRNA expression of IL-1β (0.43 ± 0.14) in the cerebral cortical stroke region as compared to saline treatment (1.47±0.08, p=0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that targeting the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis post stroke can improve function, decrease inflammation, and reduce infarct volume - a significant translational step in brain renin-angiotensin system research.
Does radiation dose matter in thyroid cancer?: Patterns of local-regional failure in recurrent and metastatic well-differentiated thyroid cancers treated with dose-painted intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Introduction Due to complex multimodal treatments and a lengthy natural history of disease, the impact of radiation therapy for well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC) is challenging to evaluate. We analysed the effect of dose escalation, as enabled by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), on preventing local-regional failure (LRF) of microscopic and macroscopic WDTC. Method We performed a retrospective review of WDTC patients treated with IMRT from 1998–2011. Diagnostic imaging demonstrating first LRF was registered to the simulation CT containing the treated radiation isodose volumes. Areas of disease progression were contoured and the relationships of LRFs with isodose volumes were recorded. Results Thirty patients had a median follow-up of 56 months (range = 1–139). Seventeen (57%) had gross residual, five (17%) had microscopic residual and eight (27%) had clear margins at the time of IMRT. Nine patients (30%) developed LRF, at a median time of 44 months (range = 0–116). Of these, six (67%) had been radiated to gross disease and one (11%) had microscopic residual. In the seven analysable cases, only one (14%) LRF occurred within the 70 Gy isodose volume. Marginal LRFs were: four (57%) outside 70 Gy, one (14%) outside 60 Gy and one (14%) outside 50 Gy. All but one recurrence (86%) occurred in the perioesophageal region. Conclusions Local-regional failure was seen most in patients who had gross disease at the time of IMRT, almost always occurred outside of the 70 Gy volume and was frequently in the area of oesophageal sparing. Meticulous surgical dissection, especially in the perioesophageal region, should be prioritised to prevent long-term LRF.
Study on Icing-region Ranking for Liaoning Electric Power System

30-year data from all the icing observation stations in Liaoning are collected,which is reduced to the standard state of ice thickness,and the height and line diameter correction is made. Kriging interpolation method is used to get the ice thickness data covering the whole province. For the ice data of different areas,extreme value model is used to calculate ice thickness of different return period. Based on ice thickness data,icing-region ranking map for Liaoning electric power system is obtained for the first time. And also based on regression of different meteorological parameters,icing region ranking is discussed in this paper.
Intelligent Technical Solutions and Implementation in 500kV Suzhoudong Substation

An analysis is made of the intelligent technical solutions to Suzhoudong substation from the respect of IEC 61850,networking method and intelligent bay,in particularly,the application of following intelligent techniques such as 500 kV fiber optic electronic current transformer,IEC 61850 based unified modeling,IEEE 1588,500 kV digital line protection,generic object oriented substation event(GOOSE) and sequence control The operation of the fiber optic electronic current transformer is analyzed through a comparison with the traditional current transformer.Suggestions are given to further intensify the intelligent techniques in Suzhoudong substation.
A Survey of the New Epidemic Area of Paragonimus skriabini in Zhenghe,Northern Fujian

Objective The aim of this survey was to investigate the prevalence of paragonimiasis in a new epidemic area in Zhenghe county,Fujian province. A research was conducted to study the status of infection among people in this area and the conditions of the hosts. The results demonstrated that the rate of positive skin test was 7.53% (28 / 372) for people living in Xibiao Village,Zhenghe County. The rates of positive skin test for two different age groups (5-20 21 above) were 9.76% (12 / 123) and 6.43% (16 / 249),respectively. And the rates of positive skin test for male and female in this area were 9.50% (17 / 179) and 5.70% (11 / 193),respectively. There were no significant difference between age groups and gender groups for the rates of positive skin test. The positive detection rate for ELSAS in people with a positive skin test reaction was 35.71% (10 / 28). Among which,the positive rates of serum antibody for ELESA in two different age groups (5-20 21-) were 66.67% (8 / 12) and 12.50% (2 / 16),respectively. The positive rate of serum antibody for ELESA between these two age groups was significantly different. The infection rate for the cercariae of Paragonimus skriabini in their first intermediate hosts Triculini xiaoqiaoensis and Pseudobythinella jianouensis was 1.02% (14 / 1 376) and 0.08% (1 / 1 243),respectively. Meanwhile,the infection rates for the cercariae of Paragonimus skriabini in their second intermediate hosts Sinopotamon fujianense and Bottapotamon fujianense were 80.6% (17 / 21) and 33.3% (6 / 18),respectively. These data suggested that there is a new epidemic area of Paragonimus skriabini with a high infection level in Zhenghe county. Measures for the disease control and prevention should be strengthen,especially the education of the youths.
An Economic History of the English Poor Law 1750–1850: The Development and Administration of the Old Poor Law in Rural Areas, 1760–1834

During the last third of the eighteenth century, several changes took place in the administration of poor relief, the most important of which was the widespread provision of relief outside the workhouse to able–bodied laborers who were unemployed or underemployed. The changes in relief methods led to changes in the economic role of the Poor Law in rural parishes. A knowledge of the methods of relief that were adopted, the time when they were adopted, and the changes in the economic environment that brought about their adoption is essential for an evaluation of the economic role played by the Poor Law from 1795 to 1834, the so-called Speenhamland era. This chapter provides the background necessary for an evaluation of the Old Poor Law. It is divided into three sections. Section 1 describes the methods used to relieve able-bodied laborers from 1780 to 1834. I conclude that the major function of poor relief was the provision of unemployment benefits to seasonally unemployed laborers. Section 2 focuses on the timing of the adoption of policies granting poor relief to able-bodied laborers. The year 1795 was not a watershed in the administration of poor relief; real relief expenditures began increasing rapidly at least 20 years before the famous meeting at Speenhamland, Berkshire. Section 3 discusses two important changes in the rural economic environment that occurred during the second half of the eighteenth century, and presents evidence that these environmental changes caused the sharp increase in real per capita poor relief expenditures. The conclusions concerning the methods of relief used, the timing of their adoption, and the reasons for their adoption are considerably different from those reached by the traditional literature.
The Novel Moor: El Abencerraje and Ginés Pérez de Hita’s Guerras civiles de Granada: Historia de los bandos de los Zegríes y los Abencerrajes

The anonymous El Abencerraje (1561–5) and Gines Perez de Hita’s Guerras civiles de Granada: Historia de los bandos de los Zegries y los Abencerrajes (1595) were wildly popular works that featured a new type of protagonist, the romantic and sentimentalized Moor, and led to the creation of a new narrative subgenre, the Moorish novel. This popular literary trend built on a fascination with the Moor that was already in circulation via the Moorish ballad tradition as seen, for example, in the vihuela book repertoire discussed in the previous chapter. Claudio Guillen reminds us that the appeal of these ballads forms a crucial backdrop to our understanding of the Moorish novel.1 The Moorish ballad, he argues, had already poetically transferred the historical events of Al-Andalus to the popular imagination.2 Thus the author of El Abencerraje was “not interpreting these elements directly so much as he was capitalizing on their legendary vitality and poetic power.”3
Meningococcal vaccines: Expanding protection from infants to college

With the rapid pace of immunologic research, it is more important than ever for readers to understand rational immunodiagnosis, immunoprophylaxis, and immunotherapy. This column is intended to help you ensure proper immunologic drug use in your practice.
Capillary trapping of CO2 in heterogeneous reservoirs during the injection period

Abstract Capillary trapping plays an important role in CO2 storage. Two capillary trapping mechanisms have been extensively investigated, i.e., snap-off trapping and capillary pinning. The latter mechanism only occurs in heterogeneous reservoirs. The majority of studies related to CO2 trapping have focused on snap-off trapping during the post-injection period, when imbibition of the wetting fluid (e.g. brine) is prevalent at the tail of a buoyantly rising CO2 plume. The main reason that the injection period has been ignored is that snap-off trapping is absent in homogeneous reservoirs; in homogeneous reservoirs there is no imbibition during injection. Here, we investigate capillary trapping in heterogeneous fluvial-type reservoirs during the injection period. We show that snap-off trapping exists in heterogeneous reservoirs even during the injection period; imbibition occurs because the relative permeability characteristics are different for different facies. More trapping occurs by capillary pinning during the injection period. The amount of snap-off and capillary pinned CO2 critically depends on the contrast in rock properties, such as (1) intrinsic permeability, (2) irreducible water saturation, (3) maximum residual CO2 saturation, and (4) capillary entry pressure barrier. The pinned amount is proportional to the fraction of the rocks with low capillary pressure. Pinning is larger in gravity-dominated flow than in viscous-dominated flow.
Effect of Trace Levels of Si on Microstructure and Grain Boundary Segregation in DOP-26 Iridium Alloy

The thermodynamics and kinetics of Silicon (Si) segregation to grain boundaries in Iridium alloy DOP-26 with added trace levels of Si of 6, 11, 29, and 36 wppm was studied by Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The four alloys were annealed at 1500 or 1535 °C for 19 or 76 hours followed by cooling at three different rates. Si enrichment at the grain boundaries (GB) increased with increasing bulk Si content, with the grain boundary Si enrichment factors ranging from 62 to 344, depending on the bulk Si content and the cooling rate. Grain boundary Si contents increased with decreasing cooling rate in all alloys, indicating that Si GB segregation is influenced by both thermodynamic and kinetic factors in the alloys and temperature ranges of the study. A Langmuir-McLean isotherm-based model was successfully used to predict the temperature dependence of GB Si segregation in DOP-26 alloys with Si additions and estimate the temperature independent free energy of Si segregation to grain boundaries in DOP-26.
Analysis of double-D induction coil performance in magnetic soils using new coil metrics

Comparing the performance of physical coil heads used in EMI systems is generally straightforward. Dimensions, wire diameters, transmit power, amplifier noise, winding patterns, etc., are known, so target and soil sensitivity can be easily measured or calculated and then compared. However, comparing the relative performance of different coil head configurations — i.e. only winding patterns without influence from other factors — that are used for electromagnetic induction sensing is a non-trivial task. Metrics for both coil head sensitivity and soil sensitivity that allow comparison of coils based only on their winding patterns are developed. As an example of their use, these metrics are then used to choose the best double-D coil head from a range of configurations.
Advance euthanasia directives: a controversial case and its ethical implications

Authorising euthanasia and assisted suicide with advance euthanasia directives (AEDs) is permitted, yet debated, in the Netherlands. We focus on a recent controversial case in which a Dutch woman with Alzheimer’s disease was euthanised based on her AED. A Dutch euthanasia review committee found that the physician performing the euthanasia failed to follow due care requirements for euthanasia and assisted suicide. This case is notable because it is the first case to trigger a criminal investigation since the 2002 Dutch euthanasia law was enacted. Thus far, only brief descriptions of the case have been reported in English language journals and media. We provide a detailed description of the case, review the main challenges of preparing and applying AEDs for persons with dementia and briefly assess the adequacy of the current oversight system governing AEDs.
Pedagogical Implications of American Muslims’ Views on Evolution

American Muslims’ rates of acceptance of evolution and those of the population as a whole are similar, because they form three groups: those who accept both macroevolution and microevolution for all species, those who accept macroevolution for all species except humans, and those who reject macroevolution for all species, and because people who have one way of negotiating the relationship between science and religion may be resistant to adopting another method of negotiating this relationship. A difference is that American Muslims generally accept an old age for the Earth, whether or not they accept evolution. Pedagogical implications of these views for Muslims are that curricula could be sequenced to teach microevolution before macroevolution, and that a robust treatment of both the science supporting evolutionary theory and important NOS concepts could help students avoid common misconceptions promoted by American creationists. Introducing students to different methods of negotiating the relationship between religion and science, and to practicing Muslim evolutionary biologists and Muslims from the past who developed proto-evolutionary theories, might help them to view acceptance of evolution in a more favorable light.