cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Playing with emotions: sentiment design for public space

This design research explored ways to support emotional expression in interactive games played in a public, social setting. Affective gaming has incorporated emotional assessment to tailor feedback during gameplay, but as a result, distills complex emotional states into simple inputs. Our research focused not on measuring affect but on designing games to evoke emotional expression and sharing of personal experiences. This work centered on games in public spaces as a particularly rich area for exploration to influence other people. We present the design and initial play-testing results of four games that draw on a player's idiosyncratic experience and feelings as part of the game. These designs were based on internal paper prototyping sessions, naturalistic observation of the testing space and design and enactment sessions with researchers as participants and designers. Our design sessions indicate that image-based games are a rich element for these types of games, and the importance of ambiguity and disagreement amongst players to promote sharing of personal stories. Other design principles that emerged include affordances for short interactions, individual or multiple players, and forms of "cheating" as game play.
1421 DOES BREAST MILK-TAURINE PROTECT AGAINST RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP)

Taurine (T) is essential to normal retinal function. It is present in high concentrations in human milk but virtually absent in infant formulas and parenteral feedings. Its concentration in the retina increases until about 2 months post a term birth. Deficiency results in retinal abnormalities. T appears to regulate membrane excitability, promote homeostasis and protect membranes against oxidant damage along with Zn and vitamin E. We therefore reviewed the records of 385 infants (216≤1500g BW, 169>1500 1500g). The data suggest a protective effect of breast milk in ROP which may be related to improved taurine nutrition. Controlled clinical trials would appear to be in order.
The murine Rb(6.16) translocation: evidence for sperm selection and a modulating effect of aging.

The segregation products of the Rb(6.16) translocation were studied at first cleavage metaphase. Male mice heterozygous for the translocation mated at 3- and 14-day intervals to superovulated random-bred ICR females. Chromosome preparations of the recovered one-cell embryos were sequentially G- and C-banded and male and female complements analyzed cytogenetically. Of the 309 zygotes analyzed from both mating groups, no unbalanced segregants of the translocation were observed. In the 3-day group there was a highly significant difference (P<0.001) from the expected 1:1 ratio between sperm with normal (70.5%) and balanced segregants (26.2%) of alternate segregation. In the 14-day group the level of significance for the difference was ten times lower (P<0.01) as normal segregants were observed in 56.4% of the sperm and balanced ones in 36.5%. A comparison of the two groups using a 2×2 contingency table showed that segregant type was related to mating frequency (P<0.05). There was a highly significant distortion (P<0.01) of the sex ratio, with 178 Y-bearing and 131 X-bearing sperm in the combined populations. When sex ratio was analyzed according to mating intervals, the distortion was significant (P<0.01) only for the 3-day group. An analysis of the sex ratio according to the segregant type showed no significant deviation from 1:1 for type 1 segregants, which had normal chromosomes, while type 2 segregants, with the translocation, had a deficiency of X-bearing sperm. This deficiency was significant (P<0.05) only for the 3-day population. Analysis of meiotic preparations showed no association between the translocation trivalent and the X-Y bivalent. Our results, obtained under physiological conditions, provide definitive evidence for sperm selection and support previous findings that aging of sperm can modify the effect of selection.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for prevention of recurrent pneumonia in the Neuromyelitis Optica patient

Abstract Introduction Traumatic spinal cord injury patients with quadriplegia associated respiratory compromise are at an immediately increased risk of developing pneumonia, but the onset of pneumonia risk and use of prevention strategies in the patient with quadriplegia due to Neuromyelitis Optica has not been described. Case report This is a case of a Neuromyelitis Optica patient with quadriplegia, dysphagia and tracheostomy that suffered recurrent fevers due to respiratory infections. The non-specific presentation and test results led to extensive testing, while the frequent recurrence resulted in the patient residing in the acute care hospital 201 days and outside of this hospital only 118 days during the period of August 2011 to June 2012. The initiation of CPAP 10 cm while sleeping overnight for 8–10 h eliminated the recurrence of respiratory infections and thereby reduced both the frequency and duration of the patient's hospital stays. Conclusions Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica differ from those with traumatic spinal cord injury as they have a chronic progressive systemic illness that causes continued deterioration of their nervous system resulting in the need for routine monitoring that ensures the timely addition of CPAP for the prevention of pneumonia and its associated medical expenses.
External cracks under longitudinal shear

Abstract The theory of cracks under longitudinal shear, as discussed in previous publications (1, 2, 3), is extended to bodies containing external cracks. It is possible, by an adaptation of the Schwartz-Christofel transformation, to derive a general formula for finding the stress-intensity factor, a parameter governing the onset of rapid fracture in the theory of Griffith-Irwin (4). Specific examples of fundamental interest are solved in closed-form. The results are useful in predicting the remaining strength of structural members with crack-like imperfections.
Low-velocity projectile-z3 effect on composite target - mean excitation energies derived from stopping power measurements

Abstract Previous Bethe-Bloch formula fits to several composite target stopping powers have indicated deviations from Bragg's additivity rule in derived mean excitation energies. Inclusion of low-velocity stopping power dependence on the projectile-z3 alters these results in that the experiment-based mean excitation energies are considerably increased.
Cell Shape by Coercion: Par1 and aPKC Put the Squeeze on Junctions

Epithelial sheets form the basic architectural unit of most tissues and organs. To form complex organs, these sheets are folded and reshaped by cell-shape changes. Reporting recently in Nature, Wang et al. (2012) describe a myosin-independent mechanism that links the regulation of apical-basal polarity to tissue morphogenesis.
Perturbations in the infrared spectra of submicroscopic size, single crystal, fibrous SiC

Abstract The infrared spectra of SiC single-crystal fibers and SiC fibers enclosed in SiO2 sheaths are reported. These spectra are different from those taken from particulate samples.
Synthesis of 6-hydroxy δ-lactones and 5,6-dihydroxy eicosanoic/docosanoic acids from meadowfoam fatty acids via a lipase-mediated self-epoxidation

Meadowfoam fatty acids were reacted with hydrogen peroxide in a lipase-catalyzed autocatalytic system, forming a mixture of 5,6-epoxyeicosanoic, 13,14-epoxydocosanoic, 5,6-epoxydocosanoic, and 5,6-13,14-diepoxydocosanoic acids in 98% yield. The 5,6-epoxy acids were cyclized to 6-hydroxy δ-eicosanoic/docosanoic lactones by sulfuric acid catalysis in high yield (99%). 5,6-Dihydroxy acids could be obtained from 6-hydroxy δ-lactones by a simple alkaline work-up procedure. Meadowfoam fatty acids were converted (77% yield) in a one-pot reaction to 6-hydroxy δ-lactones by in situ performic acid epoxidation and subsequent addition of sulfuric acid.
Models for Shock and Vibration Survivability of Electronic and MEMS Packaging

Product level assessment of drop and shock reliability relies heavily on experimental test methods. Prediction of drop and shock survivability is largely beyond the state-of-art. However, the use of experimental approach to test out every possible design variation, and identify the one that gives the maximum design margin is often not feasible because of product development cycle time and cost constraints. Presently, one of the primary methodologies for evaluating shock and vibration survivability of electronic packaging is the JEDEC drop test method, JESD22-B111 which tests board-level reliability of packaging. However, packages in electronic products may be subjected to a wide-array of boundary conditions beyond those targeted in the test method. In this paper, a failure-envelope approach based on wavelet transforms and damage proxies has been developed to model drop and shock survivability of electronic packaging. Data on damage progression under transient-shock and vibration in both 95.5Sn4.0Ag0.5Cu and 63Sn37Pb ball-grid arrays has been presented. Component types examined include — flex-substrate and rigid substrate ball-grid arrays. Dynamic measurements like acceleration, strain and resistance are measured and analyzed using high-speed data acquisition system capable of capturing in-situ strain, continuity and acceleration data in excess of 5 million samples per second. Ultra high-speed video at 150,000 fps per second has been used to capture the deformation kinematics. The concept of relative damage index has been used to both evaluate and predict damage progression during transient shock. The failure-envelope provides a fundamental basis for development of component integration guidelines to ensure survivability in shock and vibration environments at a user-specified confidence level. The approach is scalable to application at system-level. Explicit finite-element models have been developed for prediction of shock survivability based on the failure envelope. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data for both leaded and leadfree ball-grid arrays.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Specifying Long-Term Care Provider Responsiveness to LGBT Older Adults

In-depth interviews and focus groups with lesbian, gay, and transgender older adults addressed the question “What does it mean for long-term care providers to be responsive to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults?” Sixteen domains of long-term care provider responsiveness to LGBT older adults were identified, including awareness of centrality of partners, knowledge of importance of preferred gender expression, openness to welcoming LGBT older adults, and ability to create LGBT-safe environments. Future research should include LGBT elders who belong to ethnic minority groups, bisexual elders, and LGBT older adults who do not identify with LGBT labels.
Studies on Agrobacterium tumefaciens: characterization of strains 1D135 and B6, and analysis of the bacterial chromosome, transfer RNA and ribosomes for tumor-inducing ability

Abstract Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains 1D135 and B6 were characterized. Both strains formed circular, smooth, creamy, shiny colonies on rich medium. In the scanning electron microscope their morphologies were bacilliform rods which possessed 1 to 6 peritrichous flagella. The optimum growth temperature was 31·8±0·5 °C for strain 1D135 and 32·1±0·5 °C for strain B6. Generation times at 32 °C were 62 and 61 min for strains 1D135 and B6 respectively. Both strains possessed activities of d -glucoside-3-dehydrogenase, catalase, oxidase, urease, nitrate reductase and β-galactosidase. Both strains produced acid on basal medium with arabinose, cellobiose, fructose, galactose, lactose or salicin. The 70s ribosomal proteins of these two strains were identical in electrophoretic mobilities in 7·5% acrylamide-urea gels at pH 4·3. Crown-gall tumor-inducing activity was not found in preparations of 70 s ribosomes, and messenger, ribosomal or transfer RNA. Nor was tumor-initiating activity in the case of strain 1D135 associated with circular satellite DNA molecules. Furthermore, almost all preparations of the bacterial chromosome lacked tumor inducing activity. A few preparations of high molecular weight DNA induced crown-gall-like tumors. The implications of this finding are discussed.
Nuclear isomer separation

We report experiments on selective photoionization of atoms containing isomeric nuclei of /sup 197/Hg. Other isomer separation techniques and their limitations are discussed.
Fatty livers, adenosine triphosphate and asparagine.

Abstract The effects of l -asparagine on the levels of triglyceride and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in rat liver after the administration of ethionine, CCl 4 or ethanol have been investigated. The results indicate that L-asparagine prevents the decrease in hepatic ATP produced by each of these agents and protects against the fatty infiltration of the liver that follows the administration of ethionine or small doses of CCl 4 , but not against that produced by large doses of CCl 4 or ethanol. These observations suggest that hepatic ATP depletion may not play a key role in the pathogenesis of the fatty liver produced by these agents.
Laparoscopic assisted ileal ureter: technique, outcomes and comparison to the open procedure

Purpose: Ureteral replacement with interposition of a bowel segment has traditionally required a large incision with substantial associated morbidity and prolonged time to convalescence. During the last 7 years a technique for laparoscopic assisted ileal interposition has evolved that mimics our open approach. We present a comparative analysis of functional and perioperative outcomes between patients undergoing laparoscopic or open ileal ureter replacement at our institution.Materials and Methods: A search of all procedures from 1980 to the present revealed 7 patients undergoing laparoscopic and 7 undergoing open ileal interposition. Functional and perioperative data from these patients are compared, and a detailed description of technique for the laparoscopic procedure is presented.Results: Narcotic analgesic use in morphine equivalents (median 38.9 vs 322.2 mg, p = 0.035) and time to convalescence (median 4 vs 5.5 weeks, p = 0.03) were significantly less in the laparoscopic group. A trend toward shorter...
Liquid Crystals. VIII. Nematogenic Compounds with a Terminal Dimethylaminoethoxy Group1

Abstract Six p,p'-disubstituted azo- and azoxybenzenes in which one of the terminal groups is 2-N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy, and their hydrochlorides have been synthesized. The three azoxybenzene derivatives exhibit nematic mesomorphism. Neither the azobenzenes nor any of the salts are liquid crystalline.
Young Chinese Consumers' Perceptions toward an U.S. Apparel Brand

Abstract The mature and competitive domestic retail environment has driven U.S. retailers to seek opportunities for expansion to new emerging economies such as The People's Republic of China (China). The entrance of China into the World Trade Organization, combined with great market potential due to the large population and rapid economic growth, has made China one of the most attractive markets for U.S. companies. As young Chinese consumers are exposed to Western lifestyles, their demand for foreign apparel has increased. Although these young Chinese consumers offer favorable atmosphere to foreign apparel firms, an important question facing U.S. apparel firms is whether young Chinese consumers would be interested in buying U.S. apparel brands when China is already the world's largest apparel manufacturer and is producing many domestic brands. Another important issue is that Chinese consumers are not a homogeneous group. Although young Chinese consumers crave for fashionable and famous brands, some Chines...
Edible Wheat Gluten Film: Influence of Water Content on Glass Transition Temperature

The depression of the glass transition temperature of a wheat gluten film by water was studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Wheat gluten film behaved as a typical amorphous polymer, and the large plasticizing effect of water did not fit simply on the prediction of the Couchman−Karasz equation. Temperature and water mass fraction, at which large changes of film mechanical and barrier properties were previously observed, are well correlated with glass transition. Keywords: Edible film; wheat gluten; glass transition
Related membrane domains in proteins of sterol sensing and cell signaling provide a glimpse of treasures still buried within the dynamic realm of intracellular metabolic regulation

Recent discoveries in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism have documented a two step proteolytic pathway that regulates nuclear targeting of the sterol regulatory element binding proteins. Sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage activating protein is a newly identified protein that modulates the proteolytic maturation of the sterol regulatory element binding proteins. It contains a domain that is quite similar in sequence to the membrane spanning region of the rate controlling enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The membrane domain of the reductase is involved in its post‐translational regulation by cholesterol. The molecular defect in the intracellular cholesterol storage disease, Niemann–Pick type C, has also recently been identified. Surprisingly, the affected gene encodes a protein with similarity to the membrane domains that are conserved in 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl reductase and sterol regulatory element binding protein cleavage activating protein. Furthermore, the cell surface receptor for the sterol modified hedgehog morphogen, Patched, also contains a membrane domain with significant similarity to this putative sterol monitoring domain. These recent developments suggest a common mechanism for sensing intracellular sterol levels and cell signaling, which is based on the function of related membrane domains that are contained in key regulatory proteins. Curr Opin Lipidol 9:137–140. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd
Lipotropin, a New Active Peptide from Pituitary Glands

A BIOLOGICALLY active peptide which is chemically and physiologically distinct from known pituitary hormones has recently been isolated and characterized1. Its purity has been established by various criteria such as column chromatography and gel filtration, zone electrophoresis and disk electrophoresis, countercurrent distribution and sedimentation. This peptide, which was obtained in the course of the isolation of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) by a revised method2, is more acidic than the latter hormone, and consists of 59 amino-acids. Its molecular weight was determined by sedimentation equilibrium investigations and found to be 6,900. It is structurally different from ACTH, having lysine rather than phenylalanine at the COOH-terminus, and glutamic acid rather than the serine at the NH2-terminus; furthermore, it has a different amino-acid composition. It has a very low adrenocorticotropic activity, and resembles ACTH in melanocyte-stimulating activity; however, it is not potentiated by treatment with boiling NaOH, as is ACTH. Although the lipolytic potencies in the rabbit as determined in vitro were comparable for both peptides, they differed markedly in the rat.
“Generations and Collective Memory” Revisited: Race, Region, and Memory of Civil Rights

Using the spontaneous memories of a national sample of Americans in 1985, Schuman and Scott (1989) largely confirmed Mannheim's theory of generational identity by demonstrating that respondents' ag...
MDMA (N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) and its stereoisomers: Similarities and differences in behavioral effects in an automated activity apparatus in mice.

Abstract Racemic MDMA (0.3–30 mg/kg), S(+)-MDMA (0.3–30 mg/kg), R(−)-MDMA (0.3–50 mg/kg) and saline vehicle (10 ml/kg) were comprehensively evaluated in fully automated and computer-integrated activity chambers, which were designed for mice, and provided a detailed analysis of the frequency, location, and/or duration of 18 different activities. The results indicated that MDMA and its isomers produced stimulation of motor actions, with S(+)-MDMA and (±)-MDMA usually being more potent than R(−)-MDMA in measures such as movement (time, distance, velocity), margin distance, rotation (clockwise and counterclockwise), and retraced activities. Interestingly, racemic MDMA appeared to exert a greater than expected potency and/or an enhanced effect on measures such as movement episodes, center actions (entries and distance), clockwise rotations, and jumps; actions that might be explained by additive or synergistic (i.e. potentiation) effects of the stereoisomers. In other measures, the enantiomers displayed different effects: S(+)-MDMA produced a preference to induce counterclockwise (versus clockwise) rotations, and each isomer exerted a different profile of effect on vertical activities and jumps. Furthermore, each isomer of MDMA appeared to attenuate the effect of its opposite enantiomer on some behaviors; antagonism effects that were surmised from a lack of expected activities by racemic MDMA. S(+)-MDMA (but not R(−)-MDMA), for example, produced an increase in vertical entries (rearing) and a preference to increase counterclockwise (versus clockwise) rotations; (±)-MDMA also should have induced such effects but did not. Apparently, R(−)-MDMA, when combined with S(+)-MDMA to form (±)-MDMA, prevented the appearance of those increases (from control) in activities. Similarly, R(−)-MDMA (but not S(+)-MDMA) produced increases in episodes (i.e. jumps) and vertical distance that racemic MDMA also should have, but were not, exhibited. Evidently, the presence of S(+)-MDMA in the racemic mixture inhibited the appearance of those increases (from control) in behavior. Taken together, the various and complex effects of MDMA and its stereoisomers are noted and a strategy is suggested for future studies that stresses the importance of steric effects and interplay, probable interaction(s) with various neurotransmitters, and interaction(s) with the particular behavioral or biological event (or action) being measured.
Effects of oxygen vacancies on the magnetic and electrical properties of Ca-substituted yttrium iron garnet

Abstract The effects of oxygen vacancies on the magnetic and electrical properties of Ca-substituted YIG films, Y3−xCaxFe5O12−0.5x−z, have been investigated. Annealing in a reducing atmosphere between 900 and 1000°C produces a significant change in the saturation magnetization over the temperature range from 4 K to the Curie temperature. The change in 4 π M at 4 K under various annealing conditions is proportional to a change in the lattice constant. A microscopic molecular field model is proposed, in which a singly charged oxygen vacancy, VO., mediates a localized ferromagnetic superexchange between the iron ions at adjacent sites, in order to explain the 4 πM(T) for various annealing conditions. The I–V characteristics of the samples were measured between 140 and 300 K and the voltage drop across the surface layer and the bulk was analyzed using a two-layer model. The temperature dependence of the bulk resistivity favors ionized impurity scattering, ρ α T−3exp(EF − Ev/kT). Assuming VO. as the major scattering center, the effective mass of a hole is estimated to be 0.1me. An analysis of the position of the Fermi levels led to an identification of an impurity band of oxygen vacancies, which is centered at 0.3 eV above the valence band edge with a half width of about 0.1 eV.
Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy for the quantitative analysis of mixtures of polymorphs

Abstract Binary mixtures of sulfamethoxazole polymorphs were analyzed using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. A partial least-squares method was utilized for quantitative prediction from the overlapping, FT-IR spectra. The phase composition for a set of independent validation samples was predicted to within 4% of the theoretical values in all cases. The calibration model was valid over a 4 week testing period.
Regularity and large time behaviour of solutions of a conservation law without convexity

Using the method of generalized characteristics, we discuss the regularity and large time behaviour of admissible weak solutions of a single conservation law, in one space variable, with one inflection point.We show that when the initial data are C∞ then, generically, the solution is C∞ except: (a) on a finite set of C∞ arcs across which it experiences jump discontinuities (genuine shocks or left contact discontinuities); (b) on a finite set of straight line characteristic segments across which its derivatives of order m, m = 1, 2,…, experience jump discontinuities (weak waves of order m); and (c) on the finite set of points of interaction of shocks and weak waves. Weak waves of order 1 are triggered by rays grazing upon contact discontinuities. Weak waves of order m, m ≥ 2, are generated by the collision of a weak wave of order m − 1 with a left contact discontinuity.We establish sharp decay rates for solutions with initial data of the following types: (a) with bounded primitive; (b) with primitive having sublinear growth; (c) in L1; (d) of compact support; and (e) periodic.
Human 92kDa type IV collagenase: Functional analysis of fibronectin and carboxyl-end domains

Human92 kDa type IV collagenase: Functional analysis of fibronectin and carboxyl-end domains. Two closely related secreted metallopro-teases72 and 92 kDa type IV collagenases (72- and 92T4C1) consist of several structural domains, the functions of which are poorly understood. Both metalloproteases can bind to gelatin as well as form complexes with specific inhibitors in the proenzyme form. The biologic role of the proenzyme-inhibitor complex formation remained unclear. Here we summarize results demonstrating that the fibronectin-like domain of 92T4C1 mediates gelatin binding of the proenzyme, while the hemopexin like carboxy-terminal domain is essential for the complex formation of the proenzyme with TIMP. The formation of a 92T4C1 proenzyme complex with TIMP prevents dimerization, formation of the novel complex with ClI proenzyme, and activation of the 92T4Cl by stromelysin. Conversely, formation of the covalent 92T4Cl homodimer excludes the formation of a proenzyme-TIMP complex, thus allowing this form of enzyme to enter into the proteolytic cascade of activation. Both components of the 92T4Cl-ClI complex can be activated in a fashion similar to that of free enzymes, yielding a complex active against both gelatin and fibrillar collagen.
Substrate-metal interactions at the active site of kidney (Na+ + K+)-ATPase characterized by Mn(II) electron paramagnetic resonance.

Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra at 35 GHz of Mn 2+ ion bound to highly purified membrane-bound (Na + + K + )-ATPase from sheep kidney medulla are much narrower than the corresponding spectra at 9 GHz. As a result, the sensitivity of the enzyme-Mn 2+ spectrum to added substrates is much greater at the higher frequency. ATP and AMP-PNP, which caused very little broadening at low frequency, effect dramatic decreases in intensity of the Mn 2+ EPR signal at 35 GHz. On the other hand, virtually no changes are observed upon addition of ADP and AMP, suggesting that the γ-phosphate of ATP plays a key role in the interaction between Mn 2+ and ATP on the enzyme. The data indicate that ATP and AMP-PNP, binding at low affinity substrate sites, induce a severe distortion of the Mn 2+ coordination geometry. The data also support the suggestion that the enzyme-bound Mn 2+ does not enter into a typical M 2+ -ATP complex in this system.
Surface electrocardiography: Can arrhythmia circuits be localized?

The last 20 years have been marked by an explosion of diagnostic and treatment modalities in the field of cardiovascular medicine. In the wake of this expansion, skills and techniques that were once the cornerstones of diagnosis have often been abandoned or relegated to a less important role. The original observations of MacKenzie and subsequent analysis by Wenckbach (I) on heart block deduced from the analysis of jugular venous and radial artery pressure tracings are not likely to be repeated in this era. yet analysis of the surface electrocardiogram (EC@, in contrast to other “less sophisticated” techniques, has not fallen prey to advanced technology. Indeed. the value of the surface ECG and its interpretation has grown hand in hand with the advances made in clinical electrophysiology, a field that, since the report (2) of the first recording of a His bundle potential in humans, has evolved into an important subspecialty of cardiology. The study of complex arrhythmias with use of invasive electrophysiologic techniques has provided new insight into the interpretation of the surface ECG. As a result, there now exists a level of expertise whereby the mechanisms responsible for an arrhythmia can be diagnosed with a high degree of certainty from a careful analysis of the surface ECG (3). Moreover, analysis of the ECG obtained during the initiation and termination of an arrhythmia can provide not only valuable information concerning its mechanism, but also important clues to the choice of rational. specific therapy. Analysis of the surface electrocardiogram. The treatment of cardiac arrhythmias has taken a new direction with the refinement of catheter (4) and surgical (5) ablative techniques. Paramount to the successful treatment of arrhythmias with these nonpharmacologic methods is the accurate
Effective strategies to counter campus presentations on climate denial

Although 97%–98% of the climate researchers most actively publishing in the field accept the basic tenets of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) findings [Anderegg et al., 2010], there is a consistent undercurrent of doubt among the general public (A. Leiserowitz et al., Global warming's six Americas in May 2011, online report, 57 pp., Yale Project on Climate Change Communication, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., 2011). To some extent, this doubt is fueled by high-profile climate change deniers who offer “the real view” of climate science [Oreskes and Conway, 2010]. Our campuses recently hosted two such speakers: Ivar Giaever at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Christopher Monckton (also known as Lord Monckton) at Union College. (Monckton's presentation can be seen athttp://union.campusreform.org/group/blog/live-webinar-lord-monckton-at-union-college.)
Post-hurricane vegetation recovery in an urban forest

Urban forests are increasingly vulnerable to catastrophic disturbance, and their isolation and human use may challenge the ability of vegetation to recover spontaneously. We examined vegetation responses to recent hurricane disturbance in a temperate mixedwood urban forest: Point Pleasant Park in Halifax, Nova Scotia, which suffered over 70% canopy loss during Hurricane Juan in fall 2003. In 2005 we surveyed 30 paired plots with disturbed and intact tree canopies to assess early regeneration patterns and seed banks. Native early successional tree species dominated seed bank and seedling layers. Soil properties were similar between intact and disturbed urban plots and local reference forests, thus long-term woody debris removal, hurricane disturbance and subsequent clean-up activities have not caused substantial soil degradation. Non-native species were not abundant throughout the park but were concentrated at the park boundary adjacent to residential neighbourhoods. The results of this study suggest that urban forests can show natural successional trajectories after catastrophic disturbance, and management is probably not necessary for forest recovery in Point Pleasant Park. Conversely, intervention to speed up regeneration of shade-tolerant canopy species may be desired by local citizens, so managers will have to balance conflicting values in developing a restoration plan for the park.
Phenological observations of major plant growth forms and species in montane and Eriophorum vaginatum tussock tundra in central Alaska

The development stages of several tundra plant species were observed during the summers of 1977 and 1978 in different vegetation zones in a snow accumulation area and in tussock tundra. Leaf maturation and senescence tend towards synchrony regardless of the time of emergence from under the snow. Flowering stages are less synchronous and general than are the vegetation stages within a growth form.
Race and the Politics of Memory: Mark Twain and Paul Laurence Dunbar

In an 1899 essay Mark Twain wrote,It would not be possible for a humane and intelligent person to invent a rational excuse for slavery; yet you will remember that in the early days of the emancipation agitation in the North the agitators got but small help or countenance from any one. Argue and plead and pray as they might, they could not break the universal stillness that reigned, from pulpit and press all the way down to the bottom of society – the clammy stillness created and maintained by the lie of silent assertion – the silent assertion … that nothing is going on which fair and intelligent men are aware of and are engaged by their duty to try to stop.
Science Teaching in the Secondary Schools.

In the communication from me entitled"Science Teaching in the Secondary Schools" (SCIENCE, 116 .261 [1952]), there is an error In the table on page 262: for"Political Science" read "Physical Science."
Below gap photoinduced paramagnetism in chalcogenide glasses

Abstract Photoinduced paramagnetism using below-gap light has been studied in doped and undoped glassy As2S3 using electron spin resonance techniques. Results obtained for a glass doped with 120ppm of Fe will be compared with those found for undoped a-As2S3.
Evaluation of Messages on Changeable Message Signs as a Speed Control Measure in Highway Work Zones

The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of three commonly used changeable message sign (CMS) messages in reducing vehicular speeds and variances in highway work zones. This paper presents the results of a field study conducted on Interstate-90 in western New York State to evaluate the use of three different types of messages displayed on a CMS, as a speed control measure. The study included speed measurements of nearly 180,000 vehicles. The three types of CMS messages tested were: (1) RIGHT∣LANE∣CLOSED∼KEEP∣LEFT ; (2) WORK ZONE∣MAX SPEED∣45 MPH∼BE∣PREPARED∣TO STOP ; and (3) LEFT∣LANE∣CLOSED∼KEEP∣RIGHT . Of the three CMS messages tested, the CMS message stating “ WORK ZONE∣MAX SPEED∣45 MPH∼BE∣PREPARED∣TO STOP ” proved the most effective, significantly reducing vehicle speeds by 3.3–6.7 mi∕h (5.3–10.8 km∕h) . The other two CMS messages were not as effective. The standard deviation of speed for the CMS message: WORK ZONE∣ MAX SPEED∣45 MPH∼BE∣PREPARED∣TO STOP increased by 1.1–1.7 mi∕h (1.8...
A proposed mechanism for nitrogen acquisition by grass seedlings through oxidation of symbiotic bacteria

In this paper we propose and provide evidence for a mechanism, oxidative nitrogen scavenging (ONS), whereby seedlings of some grass species may extract nitrogen from symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria through oxidation by plant-secreted reactive oxygen species (ROS). Experiments on this proposed mechanism employ tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) seedlings to elucidate features of the oxidative mechanism. We employed 15N2 gas assimilation experiments to demonstrate nitrogen fixation, direct microscopic visualization of bacteria on seedling surfaces to visualize the bacterial oxidation process, reactive oxygen probes to test for the presence of H2O2 and cultural experiments to assess conditions under which H2O2 is secreted by seedlings. We also made surveys of the seedlings of several grass species to assess the distribution of the phenomenon of microbial oxidation in the Poaceae. Key elements of the proposed mechanism for nitrogen acquisition in seedlings include: 1) diazotrophic bacteria are vectored on or within seeds; 2) at seed germination bacteria colonize seedling roots and shoots; 3) seedling tissues secrete ROS onto bacteria; 4) bacterial cell walls, membranes, nucleic acids, proteins and other biological molecules are oxidized; 5) nitrates and/or smaller fragments of organic nitrogen-containing molecules resulting from oxidation may be absorbed by seedling tissues and larger peptide fragments may be further processed by secreted or cell wall plant proteases until they are small enough for transport into cells. Hydrogen peroxide secretion from seedling roots and bacterial oxidation was observed in several species in subfamily Pooideae where seeds possessed adherent paleas and lemmas, but was not seen in grasses that lacked this feature or long-cultivated crop species.
Strategies to Inhibit Cyst Formation in ADPKD

The many hundreds of cysts that grow and expand and ultimately overwhelm and destroy polycystic kidneys arise from the slow but unrelenting proliferation of tubular epithelial cells, eventually giving rise to very large, thin-walled, fluid-filled structures. The growth of these cystic bodies requires two processes: Cell proliferation and fluid secretion. Cyst epithelial cells seem to have a unique phenotype that could offer opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Current evidence has demonstrated that cAMP drives both abnormal cell proliferation, by stimulating the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and cyst-filling fluid secretion, by activating the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel. Both of these cAMP-mediated processes should be considered in the design of strategies targeted to slow cyst growth and enlargement in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
A Phase II Multi-institutional Trial of Chemoradiation Using Weekly Docetaxel and Erythropoietin for High-Risk Postoperative Head and Neck Cancer Patients

6 weeks with weekly docetaxel 25 mg/m 2 and erythropoietin alpha 40,000 U for hemoglobin 2 positive lymph nodes 13, extracapsular extension 10, positive margins 8 (11 patients with two or more risk factors). Docetaxel was reduced to 20 mg/m 2 /week after 5 patients had prolonged Grade 3 or higher mucositis. Overall, number of doses delivered was 2 of 6 1, 3o f 6 2, 4o f 6 2, 5o f 6 4, 6o f 6 9 patients. With median follow-up of 30 months (range, 5‐66), 10 (56%) patients are alive and have no evidence of disease (NED); POF: three local recurrences (two with distant) and 1 distant only. One-year survival was 76%, median PFS and DFS had not been reached. Three-year LC was 82%. No Grade 3 or higher late toxicities were observed, although a few cases of prolonged mucositis and taste loss (>3 months) were seen, particularly at 25 mg/m 2 /week. Conclusion: Postoperative radiation therapy with weekly docetaxel 20 or 25 mg/m 2 /week for high-risk postoperative head and neck cancer caused intolerable mucosal toxicity, prompting early study termination. Further studies should consider 15 mg/m 2 . Actuarial 3-year LC is 82%, similar to cisplatin-based chemoradiation regimens. Distant
Characterization of within-subject responses to fluticasone and montelukast in childhood asthma

Background Responses to inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) vary among asthmatic patients. Objective We sought to determine whether responses to ICSs and LTRAs are concordant for individuals or whether asthmatic patients who do not respond to one medication respond to the other. Methods Children 6 to 17 years of age with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma were randomized to one of 2 crossover sequences, including 8 weeks of an ICS, fluticasone propionate (100 μg twice daily), and 8 weeks of an LTRA, montelukast (5-10 mg nightly depending on age), in a multicenter, double-masked, 18-week trial. Response was assessed on the basis of improvement in FEV 1 and assessed for relationships to baseline asthma phenotype-associated biomarkers. Results Defining response as improvement in FEV 1 of 7.5% or greater, 17% of 126 participants responded to both medications, 23% responded to fluticasone alone, 5% responded to montelukast alone, and 55% responded to neither medication. Compared with those who responded to neither medication, favorable response to fluticasone alone was associated with higher levels of exhaled nitric oxide, total eosinophil counts, levels of serum IgE, and levels of serum eosinophil cationic protein and lower levels of methacholine PC 20 and pulmonary function; favorable response to montelukast alone was associated with younger age and shorter disease duration. Greater differential response to fluticasone over montelukast was associated with higher bronchodilator use, bronchodilator response, exhaled nitric oxide levels, and eosinophil cationic protein levels and lower methacholine PC 20 and pulmonary function values. Conclusions Response to fluticasone and montelukast vary considerably. Children with low pulmonary function or high levels of markers associated with allergic inflammation should receive ICS therapy. Other children could receive either ICSs or LTRAs.
Optical absorption and plasma instabilities for nanotubes with spin-orbit interaction

Carbon nanotubes have come under intense theoretical and experimental investigation focused on both their transport and photonic properties. Of recent interest is the observation that when a gate voltage is applied perpendicular to the axis of the nanotube, it can lead to spin-orbit interaction (SOI). This is of the same nature as the Rashba-Bychkov SOI at an asymmetric semiconductor heterojunction. We have calculated the "band states" for a cylindrical nanotube in the presence of SOI and then used the results to determine the collective plasma oscillations corresponding to electron transitions between the spin-split subbands for single-wall and multiwall nanotubes. These collective plasma modes determine the peak positions for the intersubband absorption coefficient as well as the energy loss spectrum. We show that the plasmon excitations for coaxial tubules have a region of instability which could lead to amplification in the energy transfer spectrum. The frequency regime where this instability occurs could be in the terahertz range. This source of radiation may be suitable for use in space-based detectors because of the durability and robustnes of carbon nanotubes.
Effects of small-scale turbulence on net growth rate and size of ten species of marine dinoflagellates

Field observations and results from previous laboratory studies on the effects of turbulence on dinoflagellates have led to a paradigm in phytoplankton ecology that dinoflagellate growth is negatively affected by turbulence. To test the paradigm, 10 species of autotrophic dinoflagellates were exposed to quantified three-dimensional turbulence generated by vertically oscillating cylindrical rods in 20-L rectangular culture tanks. Turbulence was quantified in the tanks (as the turbulent energy dissipation rate, e) using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Dinoflagellates were exposed to two turbulence treatments: high turbulence (e∼10 - 4 m 2 . s - 3 ), low turbulence (e∼10 - 8 m 2 .s - 3 ), and an unstirred control. In accord with the paradigm, Ceratium/fusus (Ehrenberg) Dujardin had lower net growth rates in high turbulence, whereas Pyrocystis noctiluca Murray ex Haeckel and Ceratium tripos (O. F. Muller) Nitzsch did not increase their numbers in high turbulence. However, Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech, Pyrocystis fusiformis Wyville-Thomson ex Murray, Alexandrium catenella (Whedon and Kofoid) Balech, and a Gyrodinium sp. Kofoid and Swezy were apparently unaffected by turbulence and had the same net growth rates across all turbulence treatments. Contradicting the paradigm, Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge (= Gonyaulax polyedra), Gymnodinium catenatum Graham, and Alexandrium fundyense Balech had increased net growth rates in high turbulence treatments. Cross-sectional area (CSA) varied little across turbulence treatments for 8 of 10 dinoflagellate species tested, CSA in C. fusus increased when net growth rate decreased in high turbulence, and, conversely, CSA decreased in L. polyedrum when net growth rate increased in high turbulence.
Retrograde Peri-Implantitis: A Case Report Introducing an Approach to Its Management

Background: Although several potential etiologic factors associated with retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI) and potential treatment options have been discussed in the literature, the etiology has not been fully investigated and the definitive management methods remain undefined. We propose a decision-making protocol for the treatment of RPI and provide new insight into the etiology of this process based on the findings from two clinical cases.Methods: The medical and dental histories of two patients who developed RPI were thoroughly reviewed. Both patients were treated according to the treatment guidelines proposed in this manuscript. Fluid from the lesions was collected to examine the presence of 11 bacterial species by molecular-based microbial testing. Biopsies were also obtained for histopathologic examination.Results: Patient 1, previously diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection, developed RPI 3 months after implant placement. Histopathologic examination revealed a predominantly fibrous ...
Integrating Computer Content into Social Work Curricula: A Model for Planning

Abstract While recent CSWE standards focus on the need for including more relevant technological content in social work curricula, they do not offer guidance regarding how it is to be assessed and selected. Social work educators are in need of an analytic model of computerization to help them understand which technologies are most appropriate and relevant to the professional development of social work students. This article develops a flexible model that can be used by faculty to assess, develop, and evaluate computer content in their curricula. The model presents a cost-effective approach that takes into account the enormous flux and pace of change in the computer industry.
Effectiveness of Internet pricing models over a QoS architecture

Today's ISP's are being obligated to rely on architectures capable of classifying incoming streams based not only on their demand requirements but also on the willingness of the user to pay. We evaluate three Internet pricing models that along with an accurate QoS architecture, are intended to constitute a complete mechanism capable of rapidly reacting against the user response and willingness to pay, and thus manage the network resources intelligently.
An Update on HIV and Periodontal Disease

With the advent of newer pharmacological approaches to the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the incidence and progression of both atypical and conventional periodontal diseases are changing. The incidence of necrotizing periodontitis and gingival diseases of fungal origin appears to be on the decline as a result of these therapies that have led to increased life spans for HIV patients. However, in cases where these therapies lose their effectiveness and HIV patients relapse into an immunosuppressed state, these conditions may recur. Recent evidence has shown that HIV patients with more conventional periodontal diseases such as chronic periodontitis may have increased attachment loss and gingival recession when compared to their HIV-negative counterparts. This pattern of loss of periodontal support may be due in part to a diffuse invasion of opportunistic bacterial infections, viruses, and fungi into the gingival tissue, leading to a more elevated and more diffuse destructive inflammatory response in the periodontal soft and hard tissues. While the accepted approaches to treating the spectrum of periodontal diseases in HIV patients remain essentially unchanged over the past 15 years, the impact of newer systemic therapies on patient immunocompetence may influence treatment decisions.