cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communications in IEC 61850 Based Substation Automation Systems

IEC 61850 is the new standard for communications in substations that defines process bus and substation bus communications allowing the development of new distributed applications for protection, control and automation. The paper describes the different communications related to the implementation of the new standard. It also discusses performance requirements for the various substation functions.
Evaluation of a charge injection device array

A Charge Injection Device Technologies 512 X 512 CID array has been tested at liquid nitrogen temperature to assess its suitability for use in low light applications. The CID-38 chip used was installed in a SICam dewar/electronics from CIDTEC. For this particular system the noise floor was measured to be approximately equals 260 electrons rms for a single readout. Using the nondestructive readout option an approximately equals (root)N, where N is the number of readouts, improvement in this noise figure can be achieved. The average dark current at 77 degree(s)K was not measurable in a three-hour dark integration.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
LiNbO 3 waveguide modulator with 1.2 &#181;m thick electrodes fabricated by lift-off technique

In order to make efficient high-frequency electrooptic modulators, the microwave loss in the electrodes has to be minimized. A lift-off technique using chlorobenzene to harden the top of AZ1350-J photoresist was adopted to fabricate 1.2 μm thick metal electrodes. A 1 cm long, 15 μm wide strip electrode has a dc resistance of 11 Ω, which is substantially less than that of the 2000 A thick electrodes routinely fabricated. A 1 cm long traveling-wave phase modulator consisting of a single waveguide was tested. The measured -3 dB bandwidth is 3.8 GHz.
2013 AERA Presidential Address Beyond the Ivory Tower: The Role of the Intellectual in Eliminating Poverty

The author argues that the role of a public intellectual involves a science of knowing as well as the knowledge gained by a researcher’s work and life. Including both, the intellectual moves beyond educational organizations and finds ways to become more involved not only with larger issues of public policy but also with those with whom he or she is engaged. The assumption here is that to help reduce poverty a researcher’s focus needs to move beyond the ivory tower. By way of examples drawn from research pertaining to increasing access to college, the article highlights cognitive and noncognitive factors necessary for academic success.
Use of genetic artificial neural networks and spectral imaging for defect detection on cherries.

Abstract A machine vision system was created to identify different types of tissue characteristics on cherries. It consists of an enhanced NIR range vidicon black and white camera (sensing range 400–2000 nm), a monochrometer controlled light source, and a computer. Multiple spectral images of cherry samples were collected over the 680–1280 nm range at increments of 40 nm. Using the spectral signatures of different tissues on cherry images, artificial neural networks were applied to pixel-wise classification. An enhanced genetic algorithm was applied to design the topology and evolve the weights for multi-layer feed forward artificial neural networks. An average of 73% classification accuracy was achieved for correct identification as well as quantification of all types of cherry defects. No false positives or false negatives occurred, errors resulted only from misclassification of defect type or quantification of defect.
Plasma Modification of PDMS Microfluidic Devices for Control of Electroosmotic Flow

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) capillary electrophoresis microchips were modified using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), resulting in modified electroosmotic flow (EOF) values. Octafluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ) and acrylic acid (AA) plasmas were chosen as initial test systems for device modification. Argon plasma pretreatments were used to improve adhesion of the fluorocarbon (FC) and AA films. Contact angle measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data demonstrated that the Ar/C 3 F 8 plasma treatment of PDMS results in the deposition of a hydrophobic, crosslinked FC film, whereas the Ar/AA plasma treatment results in the deposition of a hydrophilic film with ionizable acid groups. The extent of plasma modification within the device channels was explored using scanning Auger microscopy and dye absorption measurements. EOF values were measured for plasma-treated chips as a function of pH, and aging studies were performed to determine the durability of the plasma treatments. Results show that EOF is decreased in Ar/C 3 F 8 plasma-treated chips, and varies less with pH than untreated devices. Additionally, EOF measurements are constant for a minimum of 5 d. In contrast, EOF for Ar/AA plasma-treated devices is dependent on pH. EOF measurements of C 3 F 8 and AA treated chips without the Ar pretreatment are less stable, particularly in the AA case. In addition to improving adhesion, the Ar plasma treatment results in a decreased hydrophobic dye absorption into the PDMS, which is attributed to the physical crosslinking of the polymer by the Ar plasma.
Oxygen Reduction by Lithium on Model Carbon and Oxidized Carbon Structures

Li-air batteries have attracted substantial interest for their high theoretical specific energies, but the oxygen reduction reaction by Li (Li-ORR) that occurs at the carbon cathode remains poorly understood. Periodic density functional theory calculations have been performed to examine the Li-ORR on several model carbon structures, including the graphite(0001) basal plane, the (8,0) single-wall nanotube, the armchair-type edge, and a di-vacancy in the basal plane. The inertness of the basal plane limits the reversible potential of O{sub 2} reduction to 1.1 V, and slightly higher to 1.2 V on the curved nanotube. The armchair edge and di-vacancy are highly reactive and significantly oxidized at ambient conditions to various CO{sub x} groups, which are reduced by Li via redox mechanisms at 1.2-1.4 V. These CO{sub x} groups can also catalyze O{sub 2} reduction at up to 2.3 V (an overpotential of 0.4 V vs. the calculated equilibrium potential for bulk Li{sub 2}O{sub 2} formation) by chelating and stabilizing the LiO{sub 2} intermediate. The Li-ORR on graphitic carbon, if via concerted Li{sup +}/e{sup -} transfer and involving carbon, lithium, and oxygen only, is therefore expected to initiate with the smallest overpotential at under-coordinated carbon centers that are oxidized at ambient conditions.
Gender and Deindustrialization: Ex‐steelworkers Discuss Women's Work in Pittsburgh, PA1

Abstract: The effects of deindustrialization on attitudes towards women's work in Pittsburgh, PA are explored using narratives derived from twenty life history interviews of ex-steelworkers. Oral history is presented as an anthropological method capable of furthering feminist studies of masculine and feminine work experiences by attaining more democratic and humanistic accounts of historical events. Socio-cultural bias against women's work outside the home is identified in the industrial and post-industrial settings. The importance of women's work to economic security in the post-industrial period increases due to the instability of ex-workers employment after steel and the increasing prevalence of divorce. Findings indicate that cultural barriers against women's work remain prevalent in Pittsburgh's post-industrial cultural environment, despite the vast movement of women into the workforce.
Temperature Effects on Structure and Dynamics in Borate and Borosilicate Liquids: High-Resolution and High-Temperature NMR Results

The fictive temperature dependence of the relative abundances of three- and four-coordinated boron was investigated in several sodium borate and borosilicate glasses using high-resolution 11B nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In the compositions with low sodium/boron ratios, no effect was observed, but in the borosilicates, the fraction of the tetrahedral species decreased significantly as the fictive temperature increased because of the higher content of nonbridging oxygens. In situ, high-temperature magic-angle spinning NMR demonstrated the exchange of the two species at a rate comparable to the shear relaxation rate, indicating a close link between B-O bond breaking and viscous flow.
The WTO Impact on International Trade Disputes: An Event History Analysis

Abstract Many consider improved dispute settlement one of the leading achievements of the WTO. This paper tests the implication of a game-theoretic approach that predicts that more efficient litigation devices increase the frequency and number of trade disputes. We propose an empirical event history analysis of GATT, WTO, and USTR Section 301 cases, identify the demographic patterns for births and lifespans of U.S. disputes, and test the hypothesis of a WTO structural break. The evidence supports the view that the WTO increased the incidence of U.S. trade disputes, while shortening their lifespan.
Adaptive virtual reality game system for personalized problem-based learning

There is an increasing awareness among engineering educators that more and more students are not able to achieve learning successfully in a “one-size-fit-all” model where a set of instructions are provided identically to every student in a given class. This paper addresses this challenge by offering an intelligent virtual reality game system that not only immerses students in an attractive and engaging learning environment, but also imparts essential metacognitive and problem-solving skills tailored to student individual needs. More specifically, a mathematical Bayesian Network model is designed to characterize the probabilistic casual relationship between student acquisition of a problem solution and his/her mastery of facts and concepts pertinent to the problem, from which the system infer students' individual knowledge states. During the learning session where students are involved in the problem-solving process, the system would analyze players' interactions with three already in-place metacognitive strategies (i.e., What I Know-What I Want to Know — What I Have Solved, Think-Aloud-Share-Solve, and Road Map), and dynamically map the students' responses to a set of question prompts necessary in correcting their specific misconceptions and overcoming impasses.
Arthrokinematics in a Subgroup of Patients Likely to Benefit From a Lumbar Stabilization Exercise Program

Background and Purpose A clinical prediction rule (CPR) has been reported to identify patients with low back pain who are likely to benefit from stabilization exercises. The aim of this study was to characterize the spinal motion, using digital fluoroscopic video, of a subgroup of subjects with low back pain. Subjects Twenty subjects who were positive on the CPR were compared with 20 control subjects who were healthy. Methods The magnitude and timing of lumbar sagittal-plane intersegmental angular and linear displacement were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic curves and accuracy statistics were used to develop a kinematic model. Results A 10-variable model was developed that could distinguish group membership. Seven of these variables described a disruption in timing of angular or linear displacement during mid-range movements. None of the variables suggested hypermobility. Discussion and Conclusion The findings suggest that individuals with mid-range aberrant motion without signs of hypermobility are likely to benefit from these exercises. The developed model describes altered kinematics of this subgroup of subjects and helps to provide construct validity for the developed CPR.
High-Resolution Observations of Insects in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Abstract High spatial and temporal resolution S-band radar observations of insects in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) are described. The observations were acquired with a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar during the 2002 International H20 Project (IHOP_2002) held in Oklahoma in the months of May and June 2002. During the observational period the boundary layer was convective with a few periods of rain. Rayleigh scattering from particulate scatterers (i.e., insects) dominates the return; however, Bragg scattering from refractive index turbulence is also significant, especially at the top of the afternoon boundary layer. There is a strong diurnal signal in the insect backscatter: minima in the morning and at dusk and maxima at night and midafternoon. Insect number densities and radar cross sections (RCSs) are calculated. The RCS values range from less than 10−12 m2 to greater than 10−7 m2 and likewise have a strong diurnal signal. These are converted to equivalent reflectivity measuremen...
An informatics blueprint for healthcare quality information systems.

There is a critical gap in our nation's ability to accurately measure and manage the quality of medical care. A robust healthcare quality information system (HQIS) has the potential to address this deficiency through the capture, codification, and analysis of information about patient treatments and related outcomes. Because non-technical issues often present the greatest challenges, this paper provides an overview of these socio- technical issues in building a successful HQIS, including the human, organizational, and knowledge management (KM) perspectives. Through an extensive literature review and direct experience in building a practical HQIS (the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Outcomes Research Database system), we have formulated an "informatics blueprint" to guide the development of such systems. While the blueprint was developed to facilitate healthcare quality information collection, management, analysis, and reporting, the concepts and advice provided may be extensible to the development of other types of clinical research information systems.
Beyond the Law: A Review of Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions in ADA Employment Research

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990) is the cornerstone of civil rights policy for people with disabilities. Although enforced through the justice system, the legacy of the ADA transcends well beyond its legal ramifications. The policy’s framework and the rhetoric of Disability Rights suggest both an embrace of the spirit and the letter of the law, or promulgating both legislative and cultural change to ensure that the rights of people with disabilities are met. In attempting to understand how and if such change has happened, researchers have gathered extensive evidence since 1990. Much of this research evidence, however, remains fragmented, under-utilized, and at times inconclusive. This article presents the results of a rapid evidence review of a sample of such research that is crucial to understand the ADA’s progress. The study examines evidence about the ADA’s influence on knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about employment of people with disabilities. The research illustrates the importance of moving beyond the law to incorporate changes in knowledge about the law, perceptions of employability, and workplace culture.
Lesion size estimator of cardiac radiofrequency ablation at different common locations with different tip temperatures

Finite element method (FEM) analysis has become a common method to analyze the lesion formation during temperature-controlled radiofrequency (RF) cardiac ablation. We present a process of FEM modeling a system including blood, myocardium, and an ablation catheter with a thermistor embedded at the tip. The simulation used a simple proportional-integral (PI) controller to control the entire process operated in temperature-controlled mode. Several factors affect the lesion size such as target temperature, blood flow rate, and application time. We simulated the time response of RF ablation at different locations by using different target temperatures. The applied sites were divided into two groups each with a different convective heat transfer coefficient. The first group was high-flow such as the atrioventricular (AV) node and the atrial aspect of the AV annulus, and the other was low-flow such as beneath the valve or inside the coronary sinus. Results showed the change of lesion depth and lesion width with time, under different conditions. We collected data for all conditions and used it to create a database. We implemented a user-interface, the lesion size estimator, where the user enters set temperature and location. Based on the database, the software estimated lesion dimensions during different applied durations. This software could be used as a first-step predictor to help the electrophysiologist choose treatment parameters.
[14C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake studies in Leydig cells.

Summary: The present study examines several aspects of [14C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat Leydig cells: the characteristics of uptake by Leydig cells and type of inhibition by cytochalasin B, the effect of other drugs on [14C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake, the specificity of the glucose transporter for other substrates and the effect of various hormones. The apparent Km and V for [14C]-2-deoxyglucose were 0.4 mM and 0.17 μmol/min/106 cells, respectively. The inhibition of [14C]-2-deoxyglucose by cytochalasin B was competitive in nature, with an apparent K1 of 0.28 μM. Both phloretin and phlorizin (1.0–50 μM) inhibited [14C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Although D-glucose inhibited [14C]-2-deoxyglucose uptake by Leydig cells, L-glucose was ineffective, reflecting the stereospecificity of the glucose transporter for the former substrate. Various hormones, including: insulin, LH, 17β-estradiol or growth hormone which have been reported to stimulate glucose uptake in cells from other tissues, had no effect on [14C]-2-deoxy-glucose uptake in Leydig cells under the current conditions. It remains to be determined how glucose uptake in Leydig cells is regulated. [14C]-2-Deoxyglukose-Aufnahme in Leydigzellen Zusammenfassung: Die vorliegende Untersuchung beinhaltet verschiedene Aspekte der [14C]-2-Deoxyglukose(DG)-Aufnahme durch Ratten-Leydigzellen: Die Charakteristik der Aufnahme durch Leydigzellen und den Typus einer Hemmung durch Cytochalasin B, den Einflus anderer Arzneimittel auf die DG-Aufnahme, die Spezifitat der Glukose-Transpor-ter fur andere Substrate und den Einflus verschiedener Hormone. Der sichtbare Km und V betrug fur DG 0,4 mM beziehungsweise 0, 17 μmol/min/106 Zellen. Die Hemmung von DG durch Cytochalasin war konkurrierend mit der Natur und einem Ki von 0,28 μM. So-wohl Phloretin als auch Phlorizin (1,0–50 μM) hemmten die DG-Aufnahme in dosisab-hangiger Weise. Obwohl D-Glukose eine DG-Aufnahme in die Leydigzellen hemmte, war L-Glukose wirkungslos, woraus die Stereospezifitat der Glukose-Transporter fur das erst-genannte Substrat hervorgeht. Verschiedene Hormone einschlieslich Insulin, LH, 17β-Oestradiol und Wachstumshormon, uber welches von einer Stimulation der Glukose-Auf-nahme in Leydigzellen aus anderen Geweben berichtet ist, hatten unter den ublichen Be-dingungen keinen Einflus auf die DG-Aufnahme in Leydigzellen. Es bleibt ubrig fur weite-re Forschungen, auf welche Weise die Glukose-Aufnahme in Leydig-Zellen reguliert wird.
Extended seasonal occurrence of humpback whales in Massachusetts Bay

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known to utilize Massachusetts Bay as a feeding ground in the spring and summer, during the annual migration of the Gulf of Maine sub-population. However, there is a limited understanding of the pattern of humpback whale occurrence in this region outside of the feeding period. Passive acoustic monitoring of Massachusetts Bay over a two-year period, revealed an extended presence of acoustically active humpback whales throughout a majority of the study period (87%; 633 days of presence out of 725 days of acoustic monitoring). Humpback whale presence oscillated between lengthy periods of consistent presence (April to December) and relatively shorter periods of variable presence (December to March). Seasonal variation in presence was evident during three distinct phases: (1) maximum-presence from spring to early winter; (2) variable-presence in early winter and early spring; and (3) minimum-presence mid-winter. The variation in seasonal presence was concurrent with coarse migratory patterns of humpback whales, and yearly variations in presence presumably reflect a shift in the influx and efflux of whales between years. The extended presence of humpbacks in this area suggests that Massachusetts Bay is an important, year-round habitat for the Gulf of Maine sub-population, and may warrant revision of management and regulatory practices to reflect this presence.
Analysis of skeletal-related events in breast cancer and response to therapy

The skeleton is a common site for the spread of metastatic cancer and skeletal complications are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment of skeletal morbidity is therefore an essential component of therapy for cancer patients with bone metastases. Bisphosphonates are currently the treatment of choice for skeletal complications. In a patient diagnosed with bone metastases, skeletal morbidity is evaluated by a number of endpoints known as skeletal related events. These include bone pain, requirement for radiation or surgery to bone, pathologic and radiologic fractures, hypercalcemia, and progression of bone metastases. The efficacy of bisphosphonate treatment is evaluated by their effect on the number and frequency of skeletal-related events. In addition, surrogate markers of bone resorption such as collagen telopeptides or quality of life measurements can be used to monitor therapy, though these do not necessarily reflect skeletal morbidity. Intravenous pamidronate is currently the standard treatment for patients with bone metastases, and is effective in reducing the frequency of a variety of skeletal-related events. The more potent bisphosphonates ibandronate and zoledronate are now being evaluated in this setting. These agents may offer advantages over pamidronate in terms of convenience of administration. Clinical trials underway will determine whether they are equivalent or even superior to pamidronate in reducing skeletal-related events.
SOCIAL INTERACTION SKILLS FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: A SCRIPT-FADING PROCEDURE FOR BEGINNING READERS

Engaging in spontaneous social exchanges is a central skill deficit of children with autism, and one that is often difficult to remediate. The 3 boys (ages 4, 4, and 5 years) who participated in this study had acquired small verbal repertoires, but typically spoke only when answering questions or requesting preferred edible items or toys, and did not converse with a familiar teacher during baseline. During teaching, textual cues ("Look" and "Watch me") were embedded in the youngsters' photographic activity schedules; after learning to use the scripts, the children's verbal elaborations and unscripted interactions increased and were maintained when a new recipient of interaction was introduced. After scripts were faded, unscripted interactions not only continued but also generalized to different activities that had not been the topic of teaching. The script-fading procedure enabled children with autism to converse with adults, to benefit from adults' language models, and to engage in language practice that contributes to fluency.
THE FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF S-100 PROTEIN IN RODENT CEREBELLUM

This report describes the first fine structural locations of S-100 protein in the hamster cerebellum. Innovations in tissue fixation as well as tracer preparation enable localization of S-100 protein to several critical cellular and subcellular sites. Certain neuronal elements, Purkinje cells, contain S-100 protein in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Specific membrane structures including plasma membranes and the nuclear membranes of Purkinje cells are strikingly positive. Localization of S-100 protein to the pericapillary astrocytic endfeet as well as regions of the synapse are of particular biological interest. The clear nuclear localization of the molecule suggests a role in the genetic expression of the developing mammalian brain.
Deposition of Molten Eutectic Solder using Jet Printing Techniques

This paper discusses the use of Ink Jet printing techniques to dispense small (50 to 75 micrometer diameter) particles of molten eutectic solder individually at programmable dispense rates from drop on demand to several thousand per second. Alternative jet dispensing techniques are discussed. The technology could allow the selective application of programmable amounts of solder on precision circuit boards and wafer substrates, while avoiding the high cost and flexibility limits associated with hard tooling. Large solder features can be constructed by dispensing individual droplets and relying on surface tension to draw them together to form a large single feature. Alternatively, columnar features can be created by successively dispensing solder droplets at the same site, allowing time between successive droplets to avoid forming a single large spherical feature. Several potential application areas in industry are discussed along with some of the issues associated with the projected performance of the method in the accuracy and speed domains.
From the New Editor-in-Chief

This PDF file contains the editorial “From the New Editor-in-Chief” for JBO Vol. 15 Issue 01
How images and color in business plans influence venture investment screening decisions

Abstract We explore how product images and color in business plans influence venture investment screening decisions. Because images are accessible, memorable, and influential, we argue that product images in a business plan will increase the likelihood of favorable judgments during screening decisions. Moreover, because red and blue automatically affect an individual's cognition in different manners such that red elicits negative associations and blue elicits positive ones from the evaluators, we predict that the use of red in a business plan will decrease the favorability of judgments during screening decisions, while the use of blue will increase their favorability. Using a quasi-experimental field study and a series of controlled experiments, we find partial support for a positive effect of product images on favorable screening decisions and a consistent negative effect of red on favorable screening decisions.
Small geographic range but not panmictic: how forests structure the endangered Point Arena mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa nigra)

The landscape genetics framework is typically applied to broad regions that occupy only small portions of a species' range. Rarely is the entire range of a taxon the subject of study. We examined the landscape genetic struc- ture of the endangered Point Arena mountain beaver (Apl- odontia rufa nigra), whose isolated geographic range is found in a restricted (85 km 2 ) but heterogenous region in California. Based on its diminutive range we may predict widespread gene flow and a relatively weak role for land- scape variation in defining genetic structure. We used skin, bone, tissue and noninvasively collected hair samples to describe genetic substructure and model gene flow. We examined spatial partitioning of multilocus DNA genotypes and mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. We identified 3 groups from microsatellite data, all of which had low estimates of effective population size consistent with significant tests for historical bottlenecks. We used least-cost-path analysis with the microsatellites to examine how vegetation type affects gene flow in a landscape genetics framework. Gene flow was best predicted by a model with ''Forest'' as the most permeable, followed by ''Riparian''. Agricultural lands demonstrated the highest resistance. MtDNA data revealed only two haplotypes: one was represented in all 57 individ- uals that occurred north of the east-west flowing Garcia River. South of the river, however, both haplotypes occurred, often at the same site suggesting that the river may have affected historical patterns of genetic divergence.
Response Bias in Hospice Evaluation.

As a relatively new means of health care in the United States, hospices are continually seeking feedback to disclose ways in which they may provide more effective palliative services for patients a...
The Housing And Economic Recovery Act Of 2008

The 2008 economic crisis world-wide was caused by many factors. However, of the most blatant contributors in the U.S. were the failure of sub-prime mortgages and the government’s failure to properly regulate the banking loan industry. This triggered the passage of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, which was enacted on July 30, 2008. This Act, in the collective opinions of the authors, is a little too little and a little too late to actually remedy the massive harm caused by these types of loans and the abuses in the home loan industry.
A retrospective analysis of the effect of human milk on prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and postnatal growth.

A retrospective analysis of the effect of human milk on prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and postnatal growth
Synthesis of a 4-nitroimidazole indocyanine dye-conjugate and imaging of tumor hypoxia in BALB/c tumor-bearing female mice

Abstract Extending our previous work with 2-nitroimidazole-indocyanine dye-conjugate 4 , we prepared the 4-nitroimidazole-piperazine-indocyanine derivative ( 6 ). We also prepared imidazole derivative 5 as a control. We compared the in vivo hypoxia targeting performance of both 5 and 6 with the previously tested 4 , and 6 showed a higher fluorescent intensity after 15 min post-injection, about 1.5-fold higher than 4 and 2.5-fold higher than 5 . Cells treated with 6 under hypoxic conditions showed a higher fluorescence yield when compared to the cells kept under normoxic conditions. All findings were supported with fluorescence images of histological sections of tumor samples using a Li-COR scanner and an immunohistochemistry technique for tumor hypoxia.
Synoptic Events and Spring Phenology

(1988). Synoptic Events and Spring Phenology. Physical Geography: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 151-161.
Dynamics of a Data Based Ovarian Cancer Growth and Treatment Model with Time Delay

We present a simple model that describes ovarian tumor growth and tumor induced angiogenesis, subject to on and off anti-angiogenesis treatment. The tumor growth is governed by Droop’s cell quota model, a mathematical expression developed in ecology. Here, the cell quota represents the intracellular concentration of necessary nutrients provided through blood supply. We present mathematical analysis of the model, including proving positivity of the solutions so that they are biologically meaningful, as well as discussing local and global stability. The mathematical model can be employed to fit both on-treatment and off-treatment preclinical data using the same biologically relevant parameters. We also state an open mathematical question.
Uniform and selective excitations of spin ensembles with rf inhomogeneity

Engineering uniform and selective excitations for an ensemble of nuclear spins is an essential step in many applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), quantum optics, and quantum computation. For example, the application of robust spatially selective radio-frequency (rf) pulses enables precise imaging of a particular region of interest in the human brain. However, inhomogeneity in the applied rf fields, referred as rf inhomogeneity, results in imperfect excitations of spin ensembles, which compromise the fidelity of NMR spectra and the resolution of MR images. In this paper, we develop a control-theoretic method to construct uniform and selective pulses in the presence of rf inhomogeneity based on the technique of small angle approximation and non-harmonic Fourier series. Moreover, projection and constrained optimization techniques are employed to tailor pulses that satisfy practical design criteria.
Approximate causal consistency for partially replicated geo-replicated cloud storage

In geo-replicated systems and the cloud, data replication provides fault tolerance and low latency. Causal consistency in such systems is an interesting consistency model. Most existing works assume the data is fully replicated because this greatly simplifies the design of the algorithms to implement causal consistency. Recently, we proposed causal consistency under partial replication because it reduces the number of messages used under a wide range of workloads. One drawback of partial replication is that its meta-data tends to be relatively large when the message size is small. In this paper, we propose approximate causal consistency whereby we can reduce the meta-data at the cost of some violations of causal consistency. The amount of violations can be made arbitrarily small by controlling a tunable parameter, that we call credits.
Cholinomimetic Agents and Human Memory: Preliminary Observations in Alzheimer’s Disease

Two lines of evidence, one pharmacological and the other neurochemical, have come together to suggest an approach to the treatment of the Alzheimer’s type of senile dementia. Neurochemical investigation indicates that Alzheimer’s disease is a primary degenerative nerve cell disorder affecting predominantly neocortical cholinergic neurons (4,5,15,23,24,27,34).
Catabolic hormones and growth hormone resistance in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and other catabolic states.

Summary and ConclusionsThe classification of metabolically active hormones as either regulatory or counterregulatory is inappropriate; all of these hormones regulate metabolic and growth processes. In fact, some “counterregulators” elicit insulin-like effects including the aforementioned actions of GH and the glycogenic action of glucocorticoids. By contrast, the proposed reclassification of these hormones based on their somatotropic actions in anabolic and catabolic conditions is free from contradiction (Table I). In anabolic states, insulin and the insulin-antagonists participate in the homeostatic control of metabolism and stimulate growth. Preliminary studies in our laboratory suggest that, like glucagon, glucocorticoids and catecholamines maintain GH resistance in primary hepatocytes as well. Thus, in catabolic states, elevated circulating levels of the catabolic growth inhibitors (Table I) may help to maintain GH resistance and growth suppression. Although thyroid hormones stimulate GH receptor gene...
Chemical Vapor Transport, Crystal Growth, Thermodynamic and Fluid Dynamic Analysis of the Hgl−xCdxTe System

The chemical vapor transport and crystal growth properties of the Hgl−xCdxTe iodine system (x=0.2, 0.5 and 0.7) are investigated as a function of transport agent pressure and orientation of the density gradient with respect to the gravity vector to understand the effects of convection on mass transfer and crystal morphology. A thermodynamic analysis of the solid-gas phase system yielded the composition of the vapor and the partial pressures of the gaseous species as a function of temperature and total pressure to assist in the elucidation of the dominant transport mode. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe, chemical etching, X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques were employed to examine the surface and bulk morphology and compositional homogeneity of single crystals obtained under different conditions.
Patterns of interspecific morphometric variation in Kangaroo rats (Genus Dipodomys)

Interspecific morphometric variation among 19 species of kangaroo rats (genus Dipodomys ) was examined using discriminant-function analysis. Discriminant functions I, II, and III accounted for 53.0, 18.3, and 12.6%, respectively, of the discrimination in males, and 48.9, 19.7, and 13.0%, respectively, of the discrimination in females. Geographic samples were classified to the correct species for 99.6% of the samples. Magnitude of intraspecific variation was related to the size of a species' geographic distribution. Samples segregated into three major aggregations. The first contained the majority of taxa and consisted of smaller species. The second aggregation comprised most of the larger taxa ( D. ingens, D. nelsoni, D. spectabilis ). Samples of D. deserti were the sole members of the third aggregation. Morphologically similar taxa often were allopatric (e.g., D. californicus, D. elator, D. heermanni, D. panamintinus, D. phillipsii ) or had different microhabitat preferences where syntopic (e.g., D. merriami, D. ordii ). Other taxa that had generally similar body sizes and overlapping geographic distributions were morphometrically distinct (e.g., D. microps and D. ordii, D. merriami and D. microps, D. compactus and D. ordii ). These more subtly defined morphometric differences probably are reflections of adaptations allowing superficially similar species to occupy the same geographic region.
On the Temporal Dynamics of Opinion Spamming: Case Studies on Yelp

Recently, the problem of opinion spam has been widespread and has attracted a lot of research attention. While the problem has been approached on a variety of dimensions, the temporal dynamics in which opinion spamming operates is unclear. Are there specific spamming policies that spammers employ? What kind of changes happen with respect to the dynamics to the truthful ratings on entities. How do buffered spamming operate for entities that need spamming to retain threshold popularity and reduced spamming for entities making better success? We analyze these questions in the light of time-series analysis on Yelp. Our analyses discover various temporal patterns and their relationships with the rate at which fake reviews are posted. Building on our analyses, we employ vector autoregression to predict the rate of deception across different spamming policies. Next, we explore the effect of filtered reviews on (long-term and imminent) future rating and popularity prediction of entities. Our results discover novel temporal dynamics of spamming which are intuitive, arguable and also render confidence on Yelp's filtering. Lastly, we leverage our discovered temporal patterns in deception detection. Experimental results on large-scale reviews show the effectiveness of our approach that significantly improves the existing approaches.
Determining the Optimal Approach to Initiating Oral, Inhaled, and Intravenous Therapies in Clinical Practice: Maximal Upfront Therapy Is Best

Tremendous progress has been made with pharmacologic therapy for pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) over the past two decades. Nonetheless, we still consider this disease a deadly foe. Many PAH experts would argue that parenteral prostanoid therapy is the most effective form of therapy for patients with PAH, particularly those with advanced disease. In spite of this, and because other effective and more convenient pharmacotherapies have become available, aggressive parenteral prostanoid therapy is still nearly always reserved for the most advanced PAH cases based upon symptoms, signs, echocardiographic findings, and right-heart catheterization results demonstrating a very low cardiac index and high right atrial pressure. Intravenous therapy is cumbersome, but safe. Two approaches that require further research and exploration are, earlier initiation of parenteral prostanoid therapy and upfront triple therapy; that is, instead of waiting to see if goals are achieved on one drug, starting potent multiple therapies immediately, with consideration of weaning off parenteral therapy if certain goals are met. This approach will be expensive, but must be considered. Our current treatment approaches are improving but remain inadequate.
The Theological Landscape of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty: the Catholic Church, the World Council of Churches and the Bomb

Can religion bring something distinct, critical and useful to global politics? Or do the voices of religious actors mimic those of secular NGOs when given opportunities to speak truth to power in international diplomacy? This article examines these questions through the lens of nuclear disarmament, considering the role of the Catholic Church and the World Council of Churches at the 2015 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference at the United Nations headquarters in New York City. While faith communities have had a potent role in pushing for nuclear disarmament, the article argues that much more can be done by religious actors to argue that nuclear weapons are a stain on the moral conscience of people of faith.
Decentralized Self-Tuning Control of Linear Time-Varying System

In this paper,a decentralized self-tuning control algorithm using polynomial approximation is presented for linear time-varying discrete large-scale systems consiting of subsystems with bounded disturbances and nonlinear interconnections. We also propose using neural networks to realize the decentralized selftuning control. The neural networks are employed to predict the plant model and use as a controller. The Widrow-Hoff rule is used as learning algorithm for the networks. The simulation results demonstrate that the system is stable and can track the desired output quite well.
Transient Stability Prediction of Power System Based on WAMS Characteristic of Perturbed Voltage Trajectory Clusters

In order to achieve rapid prediction of real-time transient stability, a power system transient stability prediction method based on the post-fault voltage trajectory cluster features of the generators is proposed. First, trajectory cluster information of the generator voltages after disturbance is obtained by the WAMS system, then, 29 feature indexes are defined according to the geometric property of voltage trajectory clusters. The Relief algorithm is used to sort out index subset of wide-area fault features which are closely related to the transient stability status. The support vector machines(SVM) is utilized to establish the transient stability predictor. Moreover, the performance of the presented predictor is demonstrated by conducting extensively test carried out on the New England 39-bus system. Investigations show that, compared to the existing transient stability prediction studies using the post-fault generator voltage data, the proposed wide-area fault feature extraction method and the transient stability predictor can effectively improve the prediction accuracy(The prediction accuracy can be increased from 94% to more than 96%). Especially, the proposed method has distinct advantages for transient stability prediction based on incomplete WAMS information, unknown operating conditions, and unknown topologies, which significantly improves the robustness of the transient stability prediction system(prediction accuracy can reach more than 94%).
Which Catholic Theology

Catholic Christianity entails a commitment to both identity and universality. These two polarities can be blended in differing ways. A traditionally ecclesiocentric form of Catholic belief, emphasizing identity, is presently giving ground to forms of belief that are more ecumenically sensitive, whether they adopt a Christocentric or a theocentric focus. Today Catholic theology is giving greater attention to the dimension of universality. Theological education in a college setting should be doing likewise.
Entwurf des Laufrades

Die Auslegung des halbaxialen Rades ist die schwierigste zeichnerische Aufgabe beim Pumpenentwurf. Zwei Methoden sind in Gebrauch. Bei der ersten, alteren Art werden Austritts- und Eintrittsende wie bei einer ebenen Schaufel auf dem die Deckflache jeweils tangierenden Kegel konstruiert. Die Konstruktion wird in die Draufsicht ubertragen, aus dem die fur den Modellbau benotigten Schaufelschnitte gewonnen werden. In der zweiten neueren Methode werden zuerst die wahren Grosen wie Winkel, Langen und Dicke festgelegt und daraus die Stromlinien in der Draufsicht konstruiert. Diese von Kaplan angegebene Methode soll in diesem Kapitel allein behandelt werden, da sie entschiedene Vorteile vor der alten Kegelmethode hat.
Patient- and Visit-Level Variables Associated With Late Arrival to Pediatric Clinic Appointments

We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate timeliness of patient arrival at a pediatric multispecialty clinic. Bivariate and ordered logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the odds of late arrival by specified patient- and visit-level characteristics. A total of 64 856 visits were available for analysis, of which 6513 (10.0%) were late arrivals. The odds of late arrival were higher for patients who spoke English (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, P < .001) compared with those who spoke Spanish, had Medicaid (OR = 1.54, P < .001) or no insurance (OR = 1.49, P < .001) compared with those with insurance other than Medicaid, and were late to their previous visit (OR = 2.46, P < .001). Visit-level variables associated with late arrival included appointment time earlier in the day (i.e. 8-10 am, OR = 2.77, P < .001 compared with 4-6 pm), earlier in the week (i.e. on Mondays, OR = 1.21, P < .001 compared with Wednesdays), and for certain subspecialty clinics (P < .001). Numerous variables are signi...
Slide-free (But Not Necessarily Stain-Free) microscopy via UV excitation

We describe MUSE (Microscopy using Ultraviolet Surface Excitation) — a novel, non-destructive, slide-free, inexpensive and rapid microscopic technique that provides diagnostic-quality images directly from fresh or fixed tissues without freezing, paraffin-embedding, or thin-sectioning.
Effect of calcium antagonists on vasopressin induced changes in myocardial and renal pyridine nucleotides in the intact rat.

Recent experimental interest has centered on the role of the calcium antagonists in the preservation of tissue function due to their ability to inhibit intracellular calcium accumulation as well as their potent vasodilatory properties. Most studies to date have centered primarily on myocardial tissue rendered either ischemic or anoxic by coronary artery ligation or manipulation of perfusing solutions. Assessment of myocardial function has included the quantitation of infarct size,1 ultrastructural histologic changes,2 or the evaluation of cellular biochemical parameters such as measurement of high energy phosphates,3 intracellular pH,4 and pyridine nucleotides.5
Horse and Cart: The Role of Order in New Ventures

Entrepreneurs need to accumulate different types of resources to take the initial steps to grow their ventures. While much is known about the configurations of resources that improve venture success, less is known on how ventures should initially accumulate resources to begin to exploit valuable opportunities. Using agent-based simulations, we classify resources by the functions (search and execution) that they provide. We find that acquiring search resources before execution resources leads to more valuable opportunities, but only under conditions of higher uncertainty. We contribute to the entrepreneurial resource acquisition literature by showing how resource order may affect an entrepreneur’s ability in opportunity discovery, evaluation, and exploitation. We draw inferences on contingencies that can increase the salience of resource order on venture success.
The link between IDA-PBC and the direct Lyapunov approach for underactuated mechanical systems

Interconnection and Damping Assignment - Passivity Based Control (IDA-PBC) provides a means for designing stabilizing control laws for underactuated, nonlinear mechanical systems. It has been shown to encompass several separately published methodologies that also treat the same class of systems. A key step in the design process is the use of the annihilator operator for finding the governing differential and partial differential equations which determine the equivalent mass matrix and potential energy of the stabilized system. In the Direct Lyapunov Approach (DLA), the annihilator operator is not used to develop the new mass matrix which has the beneficial result of producing a control law that is linear in the velocities. It is shown through a projection of the IDA-PBC fundamental relation that the DLA method can be developed. This process also demonstrates that the DLA produced system is Lagrangian and that relations exist that relate the matrices of the original and stabilized systems. An example supports the results derived in the text.