cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resting state structure of the hyperdepolarization activated two-pore channel 3.

Voltage-gated ion channels endow membranes with excitability and the means to propagate action potentials that form the basis of all neuronal signaling. We determined the structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel, two-pore channel 3 (TPC3), which generates ultralong action potentials. TPC3 is distinguished by activation only at extreme membrane depolarization (V50 ∼ +75 mV), in contrast to other TPCs and NaV channels that activate between −20 and 0 mV. We present electrophysiological evidence that TPC3 voltage activation depends only on voltage sensing domain 2 (VSD2) and that each of the three gating arginines in VSD2 reduces the activation threshold. The structure presents a chemical basis for sodium selectivity, and a constricted gate suggests a closed pore consistent with extreme voltage dependence. The structure, confirmed by our electrophysiology, illustrates the configuration of a bona fide resting state voltage sensor, observed without the need for any inhibitory ligand, and independent of any chemical or mutagenic alteration.
IMAC: In-Memory Multi-Bit Multiplication and ACcumulation in 6T SRAM Array

‘In-memory computing’ is being widely explored as a novel computing paradigm to mitigate the well known memory bottleneck. This emerging paradigm aims at embedding some aspects of computations inside the memory array, thereby avoiding frequent and expensive movement of data between the compute unit and the storage memory. In-memory computing with respect to Silicon memories has been widely explored on various memory bit-cells. Embedding computation inside the 6 transistor (6T) SRAM array is of special interest since it is the most widely used on-chip memory. In this paper, we present a novel in-memory multiplication followed by accumulation operation capable of performing parallel dot products within 6T SRAM without any changes to the standard bitcell. We, further, study the effect of circuit non-idealities and process variations on the accuracy of the LeNet-5 and VGG neural network architectures against the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets, respectively. The proposed in-memory dot-product mechanism achieves 88.8% and 99% accuracy for the CIFAR-10 and MNIST, respectively. Compared to the standard von Neumann system, the proposed system is $6.24\times $ better in energy consumption and $9.42\times $ better in delay.
The use of the internal mammary vein for central venous access.

Abstract Purpose: To describe the use of the internal mammary vein as an alternative access for central venous catheters. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent placement of central venous catheters via the internal mammary vein. Patient demographics, indication for venous access, technical success, catheter type, dwell time and indication for exchange or removal were recorded. Results: Placement of central venous catheters via the internal mammary vein was attempted in 11 patients including 8 children (4 males, mean age 5.7 years) and 3 adults. The most common indication was parenteral nutrition in patients with intestinal failure (7/11). Initial needle access of the vein was successful in all patients. Catheter placement was successful in 9 and unsuccessful in 2 patients due to occlusion of the superior vena cava. There were no immediate complications. A total of 20 catheters of various sizes (3–14.5 French) and lengths (8–23 cm) were either placed (n = 12) or exchanged (n = 8). The most common indications for catheter exchange were poor function and malposition (7/8). Four catheters were removed for infection and 4 were accidentally removed. The mean dwell time was 141 days (range 0–963 days) per catheter for a total of 2829 catheter days. The total mean dwell time per patient, including primarily placed and exchanged catheters, was 314 days (range 5–963 days). CONCLUSIONS: The internal mammary vein may provide a safe alternative route for patients who have lost their traditional access veins.
Design aspects of hybrid HVDC system

Hybrid high voltage direct current transmission (Hybrid HVDC) is a new type of HVDC technology developed in recent years. It combines the characteristics of large-capacity and low cost of the line commutated converters (LCC) and non-commutation failure and dynamic reactive power support of the voltage sourced converters (VSCs) in one HVDC system. It has technical advantages in the fields of unidirectional power transmission and in the application of improving the stability of multi-infeed HVDCs, giving it broad application prospects. This paper defines the basic form of hybrid HVDC first and discusses the characteristics and challenges of different hybrid HVDCs. Then, it analyzes the matching characteristics between LCC and VSC in the station-station hybrid HVDC, studies the key technologies, such as VSC topologies and control strategies for clearing the DC overhead line faults, and introduces the key technologies for analyzing and suppressing the high-frequency resonances between VSC and the power grid. In this paper, using the Wudongde UHV multi-terminal HVDC as an example, the proposed key technologies are analyzed and verified.
Initial Evaluation Practices: A Survey of Early Childhood Personnel:

We surveyed early childhood personnel to explore reported practices during the initial evaluation of young children for early intervention or preschool special education. One hundred early childhoo...
Structural basis of RNA polymerase recycling by the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase RapA in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT After transcription termination, cellular RNA polymerases (RNAPs) are occasionally trapped on DNA, impounded in an undefined Post-Termination Complex (PTC), limiting free RNAP pool and making transcription inefficient. In Escherichia coli, a Swi2/Snf2 ATPase RapA is involved in countering such inefficiency through RNAP recycling. To understand its mechanism of RNAP recycling, we have determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of two sets of E. coli RapA-RNAP complexes along with RNAP core enzyme and elongation complex (EC). The structures revealed the large conformational changes of RNAP and RapA upon their association implicated in the hindrance in PTC formation. Our study reveals that although RapA binds away from the DNA binding channel of RNAP, it can close the RNAP clamp allosterically thereby preventing its non-specific DNA binding. Together with DNA binding assays, we propose that RapA acts as a guardian of RNAP by which prevents non-specific DNA binding of RNAP without affecting the sigma factor binding to RNAP core enzyme, thereby enhancing RNAP recycling.
O7 Eating Competence Relationship to Biopsychosocial Characteristics in Metabolic Syndrome Replicates the General Population

Background Eating Competence (EC) is associated with positive emotional, physical, and psychological features in healthy people, but the Satter EC framework (ecSatter) has not been examined in persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective Identify how ecSatter relates to socio-demographic, physical, and psychological measures in persons with MetS. Study Design, Setting, Participants Baseline biomedical measures and online survey of persons with MetS enrolled in a 2-year efficacy trial of a lifestyle intervention. Rigorous inclusion criteria addressed motivation, cognitive abilities, and comorbidity exclusion. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Patient Health Questionnaire-8, Cohen perceived stress scale, USDA 10-item Food Security Screener (FS); Satter Eating Competence Inventory (ecSI 2.0), SF-36 vitality and mental health scales, socioeconomic and demographic items. Pearson r, independent t-tests, and chi-square compared ecSI 2.0 scores and EC categories with survey findings and biomedical measures. Results Participants (n = 132) were mostly female (67%), White (70%), middle-aged (mean 57.0 ± 11.0 y), well-educated (62% college/post-graduate), with a median income of $86,000. ecSI 2.0 score ranged from 10 to 47 with mean of 30.7 ± 7.2. Sixty-two participants (47%) were denoted as EC, (ecSI 2.0 ≥32). EC persons were older (59.2 ± 10.5 vs 55.1 ± 11.1 y; P = 0.03), had a lower BMI (35.4 ± 5.4 vs 38.2 ± 8.9; P = 0.037), greater vitality (63.6 ± 18.0 vs 55.0 ± 19.8; P = 0.01) and mental health (84.2 ± 8.7 vs 78.4 ± 12.3; P = 0.002), less perceived stress (17.0 ± 5.8 vs 19.9 ± 6.6; P = 0.007) and depressive symptoms (1.6 ± 2.0 vs 2.5 ± 2.5; P = 0.035). FS was high for 92% of EC and for 74% of non-EC. Of the 23 with low/very low FS, 22% were EC and 78% not EC (P = 0.008). Conclusion The relationships of ecSatter with biomedical and psychosocial determinants of health in well persons were affirmed in persons living with MetS, supporting education focused on ecSatter tenets in this high-risk group.
COVID-19 vaccination associated severe immune thrombocytopenia

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has emerged as a deadliest global pandemic after its identification in December 2019 in Wuhan, China resulting in more than three million deaths worldwide. Recently FDA issued emergency authorization for three vaccines for prevention of COVID-19. Here in, we report three cases of severe immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) following COVID-19 vaccination and their clinical course. Case #1: 53 year old male with past medical history of Crohn’s disease was admitted for myalgias and diffuse petechial rash 8 days after receiving second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. A complete blood test showed a platelet count of 2 × 109/L. Patient did not have a prior history of thrombocytopenia and other causes of thrombocytopenia were ruled out by history and pertinent lab data. He received two doses of intravenous immunoglobulin and oral dexamethasone for 4 days resulting in normalization of platelet counts. Case #2: 67 year male with past medical history of chronic ITP in remission was admitted for melena 2 days after receiving his first dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. A complete blood test showed a platelet count of 2 × 109/L. Physical exam showed generalized petechiae. There was no history of recent flares of ITP and patient had normal platelet counts following his splenectomy 4 years ago. He received two doses of IVIG and oral dexamethasone for 4 days with gradual improvement in platelet counts. Case #3: 59 year old female with past medical history of chronic ITP secondary to SLE was admitted for bloody diarrhea 2 days after receiving her first dose of Johnson and Johnson COVID-19 vaccine. Physical exam was unremarkable. A complete blood test showed platelet count of 64 × 109/L which dropped to 27 × 109/L during hospital course. She received oral dexamethasone for 4 days with improvement in platelet counts. COVID-19 vaccination induced ITP has been recently acknowledged. However, given very few cases and limited data, currently there are no guidelines for management of ITP caused by COVID-19 vaccine as well as vaccination of people with predisposing conditions.
Places Are Emergent and Self-Organizing

In terms of its theme, Issue C1 begins where Issue C2 ends. If linear statistics cannot adequately model the relationship between health outcomes and compositional and contextual factors, how should researchers model communities? According to Issue C3, communities should be modeled as case-based, complex configurations that emerge out of the self-organizing interactions amongst a set of compositional and contextual factors and their related health outcomes.
A reappraisal of humoral immunity based on mechanisms of antibody-mediated protection against intracellular pathogens

Sometime in the mid to late twentieth century the study of antibody-mediated immunity (AMI) entered the doldrums, as many immunologists believed that the function of AMI was well understood, and was no longer deserving of intensive investigation. However, beginning in the 1990s studies using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed new functions for antibodies, including direct antimicrobial effects and their ability to modify host inflammatory and cellular responses. Furthermore, the demonstration that mAbs to several intracellular bacterial and fungal pathogens were protective issued a serious challenge to the paradigm that host defense against such microbes was strictly governed by cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Hence, a new view of AMI is emerging. This view is based on the concept that a major function of antibody (Ab) is to amplify or subdue the inflammatory response to a microbe. In this regard, the "damage-response framework" of microbial pathogenesis provides a new conceptual viewpoint for understanding mechanisms of AMI. According to this view, the ability of an Ab to affect the outcome of a host-microbe interaction is a function of its capacity to modify the damage ensuing from such an interaction. In fact, it is increasingly apparent that the efficacy of an Ab cannot be defined either by immunoglobulin or epitope characteristics alone, but rather by a complex function of Ab variables, such as specificity, isotype, and amount, host variables, such as genetic background and immune status, and microbial variables, such as inoculum, mechanisms of avoiding host immune surveillance and pathogenic strategy. Consequently, far from being understood, recent findings in AMI imply a system with unfathomable complexity and the field is poised for a long overdue renaissance.
Researching the War on Terror in Swat Valley, Pakistan: Grapplings with the Impact on Communities and the Transnational Knowledge Industry

Drawing on a study of the War on Terror in Swat Valley, Pakistan, the article explores what it means to conduct research in a politically charged conflict situation when the researcher is aligned against the dictates of imperialism. How can the impact of research—in terms of its efficaciousness in serving communities as well as in supporting a larger understanding that can bring in peace—be evaluated? The article grapples with the effects of the study at two levels: the community or local level in Swat; and, as a project of interethnic and transnational knowledge production and dissemination. The article highlights the limits and contradictions of a critical feminist approach in the face of multilayered power relations. Ultimately, the article makes a case for sustained attention to the value of research as transformative, even when its impact remains ambiguous given the scale of the War on Terror.
CIO Educational Background, Strategic Positioning, and Stock Performance

Because the contribution of the Chief information Officer (CIO) in many strategic IT initiatives is non-routine and difficult to evaluate accurately over a short time frame, management control theory suggests clan control for CIOs as monitoring behavior or outcome is difficult (Ouchi 1980). Accordingly, the control systems are best designed around hiring a CIO with the right education, background and knowledge, which make it more likely that the CIO's values and decisions are well aligned with the firm’s strategic interests and motivate the CIO to display desired performance. Chatterjee, Richardson and Zmud (2001) documented that during the 1987-1998 period, the market positively reacted to announcements of appointments to newly-created CIO positions because those were perceive as a signal of improved IT management skills, enhanced IT capabilities, and subsequent firm performance. While the concept of the CIO was novel in the late 1980s and 1990s, CIO positions have dramatically gained prominence in today’s business world. Accordingly, announcements of CIO appointments are quite common nowadays, making them no longer news for investors to provoke strong market reaction. In contrast, we argue that the alignment of CIO appointments is necessary to elicit strong market reactions. Extending the view that a firm’s strategic positioning (differentiation or cost leadership) is a primary determinant of its CIO reporting structure (Banker, Hu, Pavlou and Luftman 2011), we introduce the notion that CIO appointments must be contingent on the firm’s strategic positioning. Inspired by a recent debate between Bill Gates and Steve Jobs regarding the implications of different educational background (technical versus non-technical), we focus on the dynamics between the CIO’s educational background and the firm’s strategic positioning. Specifically, we posit that differentiators are more likely to hire a CIO with technical background, while cost leaders are more likely to hire a CIO with a non-technical background. Most important, we hypothesize that firms that align their CIO's educational background with their strategic positioning (specially, differentiators appointing technical CIOs and cost leaders appointing non-technical CIOs) will have superior stock performance. Results from analyzing data drawn from Nasdaq100 index and S&P500 index strongly support these propositions, emphasizing the CIO’s educational background as a major factor for firms to consider when appointing CIOs.
Introducing Students to Free On-Line Legal Research Resources: An Interactive Class

In the Information Age, as the trend away from the privatization of information continues, strict adherence to a traditional electronic regimen of research may be inadequate for our students. At the same time, it can seem a daunting task to determine how to broach the vast array of on-line resources, some useful, others of dubious reliability. This article presents one approach to introducing students to free on-line legal research sites as resources that will become increasingly prominent and can pose valid, effective alternatives to costly, or merely less cost-effective, options.
Reye's syndrome.

Although most cases of Reye's syndrome that were initially reported were fatal, the overall mortality is now 20 to 30 per cent, with an even lower rate in some series. Improvement is due to both increased awareness of this disease and advances in care for the critically ill child. A good outcome depends on recognition of the early manifestations of the syndrome and appropriate initial therapy based on the stage of the disease.
Characteristics and performance of a new magnet system for 180° electron scattering

A four-magnet 180/sup 0/ scattering system for use with the energy-dispersed beam of the 400 MeV Bates Linear Accelerator at the University of Massachusetts is described. (GHT)
Research on grounding grid safety assessment based on the Field-Circuit model

Grounding grid is an important equipment to guarantee the safety and reliable of power system. It should be diagnosed regularly to prevent from corrosion, which is significant to ensure the safety of people and equipment. It has a significant value to do some research on the algorithm of grounding grid diagnosis. Contact voltage, step voltage and ground resistance are the most important characters to diagnosis. In this paper, an approach based on Field-Circuit Method is proposed. We establish the equation with the use of node voltage method and the transimpedance relationship. And we use the image method to calculate.
Sexual Abuse - Clinical Case Scenarios

Sexual abuse occurrences are not rare: the estimated incidence is one in five girls and one in ten boys. Sexual abuse is difficult to diagnose since there may be no physical findings on the patientâ€™s exam to confirm the diagnosis. It is also a difficult to discuss with victims and their families. In this article the authors present typical clinical scenarios which may be encountered in pediatric practice.
Influences on the Receipt of Well-child Visits in the First Two Years of Life

Objective. To determine demographic and health care system factors associated with children receiving an adequate number of well-child visits (WCVs). Methods. Information on 4385 children and their families was obtained via birth certificates, parent interviews, chart review of outpatient sites of care, and insurance records. Results. Only 77% of children received at least five WCVs by age 2. In regression analysis, the factors most strongly associated with children9s total number of WCVs were delay in the initiation of prenatal care (odds ratio = 0.6) and receipt of all outpatient care in private physician offices (odds ratio = 4.2 to 5.6). Having an adequate number of WCVs was associated with being up to date for immunizations. Conclusions. Children of mothers who delay prenatal care are at high risk for not receiving adequate numbers of WCVs. Recognition of this marker can allow for targeted interventions that aim to ensure that children receive appropriate preventive care.
Computation of radiative transfer in combustion systems

Purpose – This paper seeks to review the literature on methods for solving the radiative transfer equation (RTE) and integrating the radiant energy quantities over the spectrum required to predict the flow, the flame and the thermal structures in chemically reacting and radiating combustion systems.Design/methodology/approach – The focus is on methods that are fast and compatible with the numerical algorithms for solving the transport equations using the computational fluid dynamics techniques. In the methods discussed, the interaction of turbulence and radiation is ignored.Findings – The overview is limited to four methods (differential approximation, discrete ordinates, discrete transfer, and finite volume) for predicting radiative transfer in multidimensional geometries that meet the desired requirements. Greater detail in the radiative transfer model is required to predict the local flame structure and transport quantities than the global (total) radiation heat transfer rate at the walls of the combus...
Characterization of Multielement Acoustic Arrays by Acousto-Optic Diffraction Methods

The characterization of multielement acoustic arrays for diagnostic ultrasound has always been a thorny problem. This paper describes optical techniques for determining the essential parameters of wideband multielement arrays. These parameters which are measured are the spatial frequency response of both the single element and full array, the acoustic cross-coupling between elements, the focusing properties of the array, and the acoustic field intensity.
A discrete Taylor series method for the solution of two-point boundary-value problems

Abstract A method for solving ordinary differential equations of the two-point boundary-value problems (TPBVP) is presented. The ordinary differential equations of the TPBVP are reduced to linear integral equations. The solution to the linear integral equation reformulation is expanded in the discrete Taylor series and a Gauss-quadrature integration rule is provided for approximating definite integrals. Application of this method results in the transformation of the integral equations into a linear system of algebraic equations in the Taylor coefficients. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method.
Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Pediatric stroke is among the top 10 causes of death in children and an important cause of chronic morbidity, with an incidence of 3.3/100,000 children/year. Risk factors associated with stroke in children include cardiac diseases, hematologic and vascular disorders, and infection. Clinical presentation varies depending on age, underlying cause, and stroke location. Antithrombotics and anticoagulants are used in the treatment of pediatric stroke; however, there are no established guidelines for the use of these agents in children. In this article we review the cause, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, acute management, secondary prevention, and outcome of children with stroke. The approach to patients with sickle cell disease and Moyamoya disease is also discussed. Up to date studies to determine the optimal acute treatment of childhood stroke and secondary prevention and risk factor modification are critically needed.
The electrodiagnostic approach to carpal tunnel syndrome

CTS is a clinically defined syndrome; however, there is value added by an evidence-based electrodiagnostic approach to (1) efficiently confirm the diagnosis (particularly before invasive interventions), (2) to identify neurogenic mimickers or superimposed processes that may influence the response to treatment, and (3) to stratify the degree of neurogenic injury to help the clinician make management decisions in conjunction with the severity of the clinical symptoms. The literature on the electrodiagnostic diagnosis of CTS is reviewed and an evidence based diagnostic algorithm is proposed. Confounders to CTS electrodiagnostic diagnosis are discussed (crossovers, peripheral neuropathy, and recurrent symptoms after surgical release).
Separation and quantitative determination of nanogram quantities of maltodextrins and isomaltodextrins by thin-layer chromatography

Abstract Relatively fast solvent-systems have been developed for TLC separation of maltodextrins and isomaltodextrins containing 1–20 glucose residues. The primary solvent contains methyl cyanide (acetonitrile)-ethyl acetate-1-propanol-water in volume proportions of 85:20:50:X, where the water component, X, is varied from 50–70 for maltodextrins and 90–100 for isomaltodextrins. Separation of the α-(1 → 6) branched maltodextrins, including the two branched hexasaccharide isomers, resulting from the hydrolysis of amylopectin by alpha amylase, was achieved using 3 ascents of the solvent with 50 parts water. Separation of the α-(1 → 3) branched isomaltodextrins, resulting from the hydrolysis of dextran by dextranase, was achieved using the solvent with 70 parts water. A detection technique in the nanogram range has been developed by dipping the plate into ethanol containing 0.5% α-naphthol and 5% sulfuric acid, followed by heating for 10 min at 120°C. Saccharides appear as brown to black spots on a white background. Densitometric scanning of the TLC plate gives a linear relationship for 50 to 2000 ng of glucose. Identical plots on a weight basis are obtained for glucose, maltodextrins, and isomaltodextrins, showing that the densitometric response is independent of the saccharide structure. Thus, the relative weight percent of a series of malto- or isomalto-dextrins may be obtained by dividing the density of each saccharide by the sum of the densities of the saccharides. Malto- and isomalto-dextrins, down to dp 15–16, can be quantitatively determined by densitometric scanning of the TLC plate. These results, along with the increased sensitivity of the detection method, greatly widens the scope of the type of quantitative experiments that can be performed, which heretofore have been dependent on the use of radioactive compounds.
Brugia malayi: Arachidonic acid uptake into lipid bodies of adult parasites

Lipid bodies are non-membrane bound intracellular organelles, which have been recognized morphologically in a diversity of mammalian and nonmammalian cells, but are of uncertain function. In mammalian cells, in addition to serving as a storage site of cholesterol and triglyceride, lipid bodies can be a repository of esterified arachidonic acid. Adult worms of the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi have been found to esterify exogenous [3H]arachidonic acid into parasite phospholipids and neutral lipids. Electron microscopic autoradiography demonstrated that [3H]arachidonate was preferentially incorporated into filarial lipid bodies. The dominant incorporation of arachidonate into lipid bodies of a nematode establishes that lipid bodies are a site of arachidonic acid accumulation in nonmammalian, as well as mammalian, cells.
SENSORY PANEL TRAINING AND SCREENING FOR DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE AROMA OF PINOT NOIR WINE FERMENTED BY SEVERAL STRAINS OF MALOLACTIC BACTERIA

. A sensory panel was selected and trained to describe the aroma of Pinot noir wines whose only difference was that they were fermented by different strains of malolactic bacteria. The panel developed a ballot consisting of 33 aroma descriptors and rated the wines using a balanced incomplete block statistical design. A final screening of the individual panelist's data was accomplished by use of correlation analysis. Significant differences were found in twenty of the aroma descriptors, showing that the strain of malolactic bacteria selected for use can effect aroma perception.
High temperature dislocation mobility in LiF part I. Charged dislocations in ionic crystals

Abstract The theory of electric charges on dislocations in ionic crystals is examined in light of the existing experimental observations of dislocation charge effects. A synthesis of these findings reveals that dislocations may possess either a positive or negative charge depending on the temperature and the concentration and the state of aggregation of the impurities. The charge of the dislocation is compensated by the presence of a “Debye - Huckel” cloud of point defects which surrounds the dislocation and imposes a drag force when the dislocation moves. These properties of charged dislocations are reviewed in an effort to provide a basis for the theory of high temperature glide mobility presented in the following paper.
Considering the case for biodiversity cycles: re-examining the evidence for periodicity in the fossil record.

We re-examine the evidence for a 62 million year (Myr) periodicity in biodiversity throughout the Phanerozoic history of animal life reported by [1], as well as related questions of periodicity in origination and extinction. We find that the signal is robust against variations in methods of analysis, and is based on fluctuations in the Paleozoic and a substantial part of the Mesozoic. Examination of origination and extinction is somewhat ambiguous, with results depending upon procedure. Origination and extinction intensity as defined by [1] may be affected by an artifact at 27 Myr in the duration of stratigraphic intervals. Nevertheless, when a procedure free of this artifact is implemented, the 27 Myr periodicity appears in origination, suggesting that the artifact may ultimately be based on a signal in the data. A 62 Myr feature appears in extinction, when this same procedure is used. We conclude that evidence for a periodicity at 62 Myr is robust, and evidence for periodicity at approximately 27 Myr is also present, albeit more ambiguous.
Photorefractive mutually pumped phase conjugation with partially coherent beams

We investigate the mutually pumped phase-conjugation process in photorefractive media with partially coherent pump beams. We consider the effects of transmission, reflection, and 2k-reflection gratings as well as the depletion of both pump beams. The theoretical results can be employed to qualitatively explain the experimental observations.
Phytoene biosynthesis: Possible mechanisms for the coupling of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate

Abstract A cell-free enzyme system, prepared from Phycomyces blakesleeanus mutant albino 10, converted ( 14 C)geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate into phytoene. Two mechanisms proposed for the coupling of two molecules of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to form phytoene were investigated, and it was also established that phytoene waas the first C 40 polyene formed and not lycopersene (C 40 analogue of squalene). Free geranyllinaloyl pyrophosphate was not detected when the cell-free enzyme system was incubated with ( 14 C)geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. A labelled enzyme-bound intermediate, isolated from the reaction mixture was converted to phytoene when incubated with the cell-free enzyme system. The two proposed coupling mechanisms are discussed in the light of these results.
Training in community pediatrics: a national survey of program directors.

Objective.—To describe the spectrum of residency training in community-based settings, assess the extent of resident education on community pediatrics topics, and determine whether educational activities vary by program size or availability of primary care tracks. Methods.—Survey of US pediatric residency program directors from May–September 2002. A 10-item self-administered questionnaire assessed the programs' extent of resident involvement in 15 selected community-based settings and inclusion of didactic or practical education regarding 13 community health topics. Results.—Of 168 programs surveyed (81% response rate), 40% were small (≤30 residents), 35% were medium (31– 50 residents), 25% were large (>50 residents), and 15% had primary care tracks. Frequently required community-based settings included schools (69%), child protection teams (62%), day care centers (57%), and home visiting (48%). Of 15 community-based settings, 28% required involvement in fewer than 4, 41% required involvement in 4–6, and 31% required involvement in 7 or more. More than two-thirds offered didactic teaching and practical experience on issues related to managed care, cultural competency, and the mental health and social service systems. There were no differences in the number of required community-based settings by program size or presence of primary care tracks. Conclusions.—Most pediatric residency programs require exposure to community-based settings and provide education on various community health topics. Ongoing challenges include continued implementation amid work duty hour limitations, best practice models for practical implementation of community-based experience into residency training, and the impact of such training on future involvement in the community and physician practice.
Feeding behavior and growth of Hermissenda crassicornis (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) in the laboratory

The feeding behavior and growth of the nudibranch mollusc Hermissenda crassicomis, a gener‐alist carnivore, has been studied; this species is widely used as a biomedical and neurobiological model. Relative to the stalks, polyps of the hydroid prey, Tubularia crocea, were preferentially consumed by adults of H. crassicomis at a fast rate. Starved slugs did not distinguish between reproductive and unreproductive polyps, but unstarved slugs did select unreproductive polyps of T. ‘crocea. Experiments with diets based on different parts of T. crocea (polyps, stalks, or whole) showed no obvious differences in juvenile growth among treatments, but survival of juveniles was low. Juveniles of H. crassicomis .grew better on a diet of the small anemone Haliplanella luciae than on T. crocea or the anemone Metridium senile. The relationship between body length and wet weight of H. crassicomis was similar for animals grown in the laboratory on a T. crocea diet and specimens from the field.
MONITORING OF BATCH PHARMACEUTICAL FERMENTATIONS: DATA SYNCHRONIZATION, LANDMARK ALIGNMENT, AND REAL-TIME MONITORING

Abstract This paper describes the different steps followed during the implementation procedure of a temperature controller and a supervisory controller in a SCADA to control two batch reactors of 60 1 and 160 1 size of an industrial pharmaceutical plant. These reactors are used to produce the first quantities of drugs needed to perform clinical tests. The chemical reactions involved are often changed (several a week). The different steps of the project will be presented: design of a new heating-cooling system, development of a dynamic simulation model, design of the predictive and supervisory controller (SCA), connection of the SCA to the SCADA, experimental validation according to GMP. This SCA has been daily used as the standard control system for more than one year.
Is the weak axial-vector current renormalized in nuclei?

The measured Gamow-Teller strength in {sup 37}Ca {beta}{sup +} decay, which has an unusually high energy release, differs significantly from shell-model predictions and also from the analogous strength inferred from the {sup 37}Cl({ital p},{ital n}) reaction. This calls into question the claim, based primarily on shell-model analyses of low-energy-release {beta}-decay rates and ({ital p},{ital n}) cross sections, that {ital g}{sub {ital A}} is significantly renormalized in complex nuclei.
Some observations on classical QSAR

SUMMARY Classical QSAR began almost 30 years ago. This article briefly traces its development, use and impact in relation to drug design and medicinal chemistry. Particular aspects discussed include hydrophobicity, relative potency in a series, tissue selectivity, central nervous system penetration, pharmacokinetics, potency optimization, bioisosterism, mechanistic insights, synthesis termination, receptor mapping, and the design of marketed drugs and late-stage drug candidates. In addition, some recent QSAR studies and examples of the use of the Free-Wilson approach are reviewed.
Explaining the Variation in Elasticity Estimates of Gasoline Demand in the United States: A Meta-Analysis

systematically affect price and income elasticity estimates in studies of gasoline demand in the United States . Elasticity estimates from previous studies are used as the dependent variable with data characteristics, model structure , and estimation technique as the independent variables. Included among the explanatory variables are functional form, lag structure, time span, and national setting (U.S. versus the U.S. pooled with other countries). Inclusion of vehicle ownership in gasoline demand studies is found to result in lower estimates of income elasticity, data sets which pool U.S. and foreign data result in larger (absolute) estimates of both price and income elasticity, and the small difference between static and dynamic models suggests that lagged responses to price or income changes are relatively short. This study also found that elasticity estimates appear relatively robust across estimation techniques.
Technetium-99m-labeled platelets: Comparison of labeling with a new lipid-soluble Sn(II)-mercaptopyridine-N-oxide and 99mTc-HMPAO

Abstract Platelets pretinned with a neutral Sn(II)-2-mercaptopyridme-N-oxide (SN-MPO) were labeled with 99mTc and compared to those labeled with 99mTc-HMPAO. The conditions of labeling platelets, e.g. concentrations of platelets and Sn(II)-MPO, 99mTc in ACD-saline or ACD-plasma media, pH and incubation time, were optimized using canine platelets. Moderate labeling efficiency was obtained with 20 μg of tin(II) chloride and 30 min incubation with Sn-MPO and pertechnetate. The viability of labeled platelets was determined by platelet recovery and platelet survival times in Beagle dogs. The labeling efficiency with platelets from 43 mL of blood was 62.8 ± 7.6%. The platelet recovery was 35.7 ± 5.0% and exponential survival time was 34.6 ± 3.1 h compared to 43.3 ± 12.0% and 29.5 ± 3.3 h for 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled platelets. These values were significantly (P
Sympathetic activation in broadly defined generalized anxiety disorder.

The definition of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) has been narrowed in successive editions of DSM by emphasizing intrusive worry and deemphasizing somatic symptoms of hyperarousal. We tried to determine the clinical characteristics of more broadly defined chronically anxious patients, and whether they would show physiological signs of sympathetic activation. A group whose chief complaint was frequent, unpleasant tension over at least the last six weeks for which they desired treatment, was compared with a group who described themselves as calm. Participants were assessed with structured interviews and questionnaires. Finger skin conductance, motor activity, and ambient temperature were measured for 24 hours. Results show that during waking and in bed at night, runs of continuous minute-by-minute skin conductance level (SCL) declines were skewed towards being shorter in the tense group than in the calm group. In addition, during waking, distributions of minute SCLs were skewed towards higher levels in the tense group, although overall mean SCL did not differ. Thus, the tense group showed a failure to periodically reduce sympathetic tone, presumably a corollary of failure to relax. We conclude that broader GAD criteria include a substantial number of chronically anxious and hyperaroused patients who do not fall within standard criteria. Such patients deserve attention by clinicians and researchers.
Thermally Activated Deformation of Potassium

The thermally activated deformation of single crystal and polycrystalline potassium is examined. It is shown that the activation parameters describing low-temperature deformation can be correlated reasonably well with the b.c.c. transition metals on the basis of their respective shear moduli. This supports the suggestion that the same general mechanism controls low-temperature deformation for all b.c.c. materials. The possibility of this mechanism being either impurity or lattice controlled is examined and it is shown that the Peierls-Nabarro lattice resistance model adequately explains the experimental behavior. The possible role of impurities at low temperatures is briefly considered. Die thermisch aktivierte Deformation von einkristallinem und polykristallinem Kalium wird untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, das sich die Aktivierungsparameter, die die Deformation bei niedrigen Temperaturen beschreiben, ziemlich gut mit den k.r.z.-Ubergangsmetallen auf der Basis ihrer betreffenden Schermoduli korrelieren lassen. Dies unterstutzt die Annahme, das bei allen k.r.z.-Metallen der gleiche allgemeine Mechanismus die Deformation bei niedrigen Temperaturen steuert. Es wird untersucht, ob dieser Mechanismus durch Verunreinigungen oder durch das Gitter gesteuert wird und es wird gezeigt, das das Gitterwiderstandsmodell von Peierls-Nabarro das experimentell gefundene Verhalten adequat beschreibt. Die mogliche Rolle der Verunreinigungen bei tiefen Temperaturen wird kurz diskutiert.
Small noise limit for diffusions near heteroclinic networks

This is a nontechnical exposition of the theory on vanishing noise limit for random perturbations of dynamical systems admitting heteroclinic networks developed by the author [Y. Bakhtin, Noisy heteroclinic networks, Probability Theory Rel. Fields (2010) DOI: 10.1007/s00440-010-0264-0]. We avoid details on stochastic calculus and stress the main ideas.
Baseline metabolomic profiles predict cardiovascular events in patients at risk for coronary artery disease.

Background Cardiovascular risk models remain incomplete. Small-molecule metabolites may reflect underlying disease and, as such, serve as novel biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Methods We studied 2,023 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Mass spectrometry profiling of 69 metabolites and lipid assessments were performed in fasting plasma. Principal component analysis reduced metabolites to a smaller number of uncorrelated factors. Independent relationships between factors and time-to-clinical events were assessed using Cox modeling. Clinical and metabolomic models were compared using log-likelihood and reclassification analyses. Results At median follow-up of 3.1 years, there were 232 deaths and 294 death/myocardial infarction (MI) events. Five of 13 metabolite factors were independently associated with mortality: factor 1 (medium-chain acylcarnitines: hazard ratio [HR] 1.12 [95% CI, 1.04-1.21], P = .005), factor 2 (short-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitines: HR 1.17 [1.05-1.31], P = .005), factor 3 (long-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitines: HR 1.14 [1.05-1.25], P = .002); factor 6 (branched-chain amino acids: HR 0.86 [0.75-0.99], P = .03), and factor 12 (fatty acids: HR 1.19 [1.06-1.35], P = .004). Three factors independently predicted death/MI: factor 2 (HR 1.11 [1.01-1.23], P = .04), factor 3 (HR 1.13 [1.04-1.22], P = .005), and factor 12 (HR 1.18 [1.05-1.32], P = .004). For mortality, 27% of intermediate-risk patients were correctly reclassified (net reclassification improvement 8.8%, integrated discrimination index 0.017); for death/MI model, 11% were correctly reclassified (net reclassification improvement 3.9%, integrated discrimination index 0.012). Conclusions Metabolic profiles predict cardiovascular events independently of standard predictors.
The surface windfield over the Antarctic ice sheets

The intense radiative cooling of air over the ice slopes of Antarctica generates a surface wind regime that is strongly controlled by topography, and plays a key role in determining the behaviour of the atmosphere and ocean in high southern latitudes1–7. Resultant surface winds are intimately linked to the orientation of the ice terrain (Fig. 1) and display the highest degree of persistence found on Earth. The close coupling between wind and topography allows estimation of the former if the latter is known with some precision. Here we report on time-averaged, near-surface airflow over the Antarctic continent during winter diagnosed from a recent, accurate synthesis of terrain slopes and from estimates of the lower atmospheric temperature structure. The simulated drainage pat-tern exhibits strong spatial variability with the airflow concentrated into several zones near the coastal margin. These confluence regions are responsible for strong persistent katabatic winds over downstream coastal stretches and are indicative of zones of greatest katabatic potential.
LONG-TERM MECHANICAL RELIABILITY OF AMS 700 SERIES INFLATABLE PENILE PROSTHESES: COMPARISON OF CX/CXM AND ULTREX CYLINDERS

ABSTRACTPurpose: Recently, we have noted an increasing incidence of revisions being performed in patients implanted with the length and girth expanding AMS 700 Ultrex* inflatable penile prosthesis. This observation prompted us to compare the long-term mechanical reliability of the AMS Ultrex inflatable penile prosthesis versus the girth-expanding AMS 700 CX* or CXM* inflatable penile prosthesis in men with organic erectile dysfunction.Materials and Methods: Using chart review, mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews, we obtained accurate followup on 111 of 142 (78.2%) patients with CX/CXM implanted between June 1986 and September 1995, and on 152 of 179 (84.9%) patients implanted with Ultrex between October 1989 and September 1995. The CX/CXM and Ultrex groups were compared with regard to 3 end points: 1) mechanical failure caused by any malfunctioning component, 2) device failure caused by any cylinder complication and 3) cylinder aneurysms/leaks.Results: Followup ranged from 1.0 to 112.0 months f...
Dynamic and kinetic behavior of two coordinating robots in assembly

Dynamic and kinetic behavior of two coordinating robots in assembly is modeled mathematically. A typical assembly task can be decomposed into three phases: independent motion phase, contact phase and constraint motion phase. Mathematical modeling is conducted in these three phases as well. In the first phase, dynamic equations for robots holding an object are derived from individual dynamic equations of the robot and object. In the second phase, collision effects on the robot motions are studied and modeled. In the third phase, the emphasis is on the modeling of the kinematic constraints, from which a unified set of dynamic equations is obtained for the two coordinating robots.
The origins of the McLane-Ocampo Treaty of 1859.

The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 acquired for the United States one-half of Mexican territory, while the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 secured a more level route for railroads destined to connect the south and the far west. Impatient investors, however, sought immediate union with the west, and the shortest route at hand was across the isthmus of Tehuantepec in southern Mexico. The Department of State advanced these interests, and only on failure turned their efforts to an overland route across Northern Mexico. This latter route would have connected Matamoros on the Rio Grande and Atlantic with Matzatlan on the Pacific. To this goal, Delphy Carlin, an American long-experienced in trade with Mexico, urged Secretary of State Lewis Cass. He was convinced that a line skirting the mountains and connecting these ports would be an ideal boundary; that “all north of that red line is a nuisance to Mexico.”
Observations on the reproduction, early larval development, and colony astogeny of Conopeum tenuissimum (Canu)

Embryology of the ectoproctConopeum tenuissimum was followed from egg extrusion to three days and colony development from settlement to about seven days (20 generations of zooids). The cyphonautes larvae are rare in plankton, perhaps for behavioral reasons. Astogenetic change occurs for about 10 days, but some features reach a state of repetition more rapidly than others. The small colony size, rapid growth and reproduction show that this ectoproct possesses an “opportunist” life strategy, particularly well adapted to estuarine conditions.