cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of lamellar mesophases in strongly segregated broad dispersity ABA triblock copolymers

We report the synthesis and characterization of a series of 13 strongly segregated poly(lactide-b-1,4-butadiene-b-lactide) (LBL) triblock copolymers, in which a broad dispersity center B segment (Đ = Mw/Mn ∼ 1.7–1.9) is embedded between two narrow dispersity L end blocks (Đ ≤ 1.20). Derived from chain transfer ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP-CT) of 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene in the presence of 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene, α,ω-dihydroxytelechelic poly(1,4-butadienes) serve as ring-opening transesterification polymerization (ROTEP) macroinitiators for the parallel synthesis of LBL triblock copolymers with Mn = 12.4–28.7 kg/mol and volume fractions fB = 0.44–0.79. By determining the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χLB = 0.192 at 155 °C from mean-field theory analyses of synchrotron X-ray scattering profiles for a narrow dispersity LB diblock copolymer, we estimate that the segregation strengths associated with the broad dispersity LBL copolymers range χLBN = 35.1–83.6. As compared to their narrow di...
Communication by way of the consultation

Optimizing the consultation appointments with prospective patients or parents of young patients remain an important challenge in the overall management of orthodontic treatment. Without doubt, the orthodontic practitioner requires a profound understanding of the dentofacial characteristics of each patient who presents for an orthodontic evaluation for the need, timing, and extent of orthodontic treatment. In addition to understanding the various components of a specific malocclusion, the orthodontist needs to continue to hone his/her communication skills to ethically and successfully inform patients and parents of young patients as to the benefits, risks, cost benefit ratios, ideal and alternative treatment strategies associated with any contemplated orthodontic treatment. Intelligently analyzing the specific components of many malocclusions require a thorough and detailed study of the patient himself/herself as well as a meaningful scrutiny of orthodontic pre-treatment records. It is the author's opinion that a more traditional approach to orthodontic consultations offer significant advantages over single visit consultations intended to expedite the entire consultation process with the obvious intent of immediately starting orthodontic treatment at the expense of more completely understanding the various underlying components of the malocclusion at hand and transmitting this information to patients and parents of young patients in a more cogent and thoughtful manner.
Pulsed NMR Frequency Shift in Superfluid 3 He-B

A significant discrepancy exists between theory and measurements of the magnetization precession frequency following large angle tipping pulses in superfluid 3He-B. Here it is shown that the resolution of this discrepancy lies in a more complete treatment of the equations of spin dynamics.
Abstract B22: A chimeric antigen receptor (CARs) based upon a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) triggers robust cytotoxic activity in solid tumors

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) based upon a single chimeric molecule bearing an antigen binding domain linked in cis to the cytoplasmic domains of CD3ζ and costimulatory receptors CD28 or 4-1BB provide a potent method for engineering T cell cytotoxicity towards tumors. We describe a simple chimeric multichain receptor based upon a killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) normally expressed by natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. Constructed by fusing a single chain variable fragment (scFv) to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of a KIR, we show that a KIR-based CAR targeting mesothelin (SS1-KIR) triggers antigen-specific cytotoxic activity and cytokine production that is comparable to CD3ζ-based CARs with antigen-induced proliferation that is independent of additional costimulation. Using a xenograft model of mesothelioma resistant to T cell immunotherapy, we further demonstrate that a KIR-based CAR targeting mesothelin exhibits more potent anti-tumor activity compared with T cells bearing mesothelin-specific CD3ζ-based CARs with costimulation despite in vivo persistence of the latter CAR-modified T cells. Evaluation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes demonstrate that KIR-based CAR+ T cells show resistance to acquired hypofunction within the tumor microenivornment compared with CD3ζ-based CARs with costimulatory receptor domains. The ability of a KIR-based CAR to induce regression of a tumor in which second generation CD3ζ-based CARs show limited activity supports the future clinical evaluation of a KIR-based CAR in mesothelioma and other tumors. Citation Format: Enxiu Wang, Liang-Chuan Wang, Ching-Yi Tsai, Vijay Bhoj, Steven Albelda, Edmund Moon, Michael C. Milone. A chimeric antigen receptor (CARs) based upon a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) triggers robust cytotoxic activity in solid tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B22.
Toward a Trivialist Account of Mathematics

The aim of this chapter is to defend mathematical trivialism—the view that the truths of pure mathematics have trivial truth-conditions and the falsities of pure mathematics have trivial falsity-conditions.
Progress in cryogenic cable dielectrics

Both low resistance and superconducting, high voltage cable, cooled with cryogenic liquids, offer the possibility for transmitting very large amount of power. The cryogenic liquids by themselves or as impregnants for paper or paper-like materials may be used as the dielectric system for such cryogenic cable. Some of the dielectric properties of nitrogen and hydrogen, as pure liquids and as impregnants for paper and du Pont's Tyvek polyethylene paper are described here. Properties of liquid helium will be described in a future paper.
Introduction: Evidence-Based Practice in Patient-Centered Care

The current medical model of patient-centered care with shared decision-making places demands on patients and doctors alike. Patients should ideally understand the presented treatment options before providing informed consent. Doctors are tasked with communicating the information relevant to their patients’ decisions. This seemingly simple exchange is complicated by factors occurring outside of the consultation room. Around-the-clock television news programs, pharmaceutical advertising targeted directly to the consumer, and a plethora of Internet sites bombard patients with extensive information of varying accuracy, quality, and personal relevance. As such, physicians increasingly encounter patients presenting to their offices with misconceptions that require correcting in a manner that does not harm the doctor–patient relationship. Doctors who attempt to accurately discuss research findings with their patients discover the insufficient research literacy skills among the average patient. Practicing physicians also grapple with the constantly changing body of scientific literature, as new research findings are incorporated into the preexisting knowledge base. Addressing these two challenges, this work outlines basic research literacy concepts for physicians to communicate to their patients and presents research findings in topic areas of special interest to pediatricians.
Wind-induced vibrations and building modes

abstract This paper outlines the methods that have been used to determine the frequencies and modes of vibration of multistory buildings from their wind-induced vibrations. Three buildings of ten, thirty-eight and forty-seven stories were investigated. A simple theoretical model was used to calculate the frequencies of vibration of the buildings; the model was based on the assumption that there was no joint rotation in the building frames. A comparison of the theoretical and measured values of the frequencies showed that this simple model was a realistic representation of only the smaller building. It is concluded that a model that includes joint rotation would be more realistic for the taller buildings. Auto-correlation and power spectrum analysis of the vibration records were used to obtain an estimate of the damping characteristics of the buildings. The values obtained were 1 to 3 per cent of the critical amount of damping.
Common Law, Common Sense? How Federal Circuit Courts Have Misapplied the Fourth Amendment and Why Officers Must Be Present to Make a Warrantless Arrest for a Misdemeanor Offense

This article fills a gap in legal scholarship, arguing that officers must be in the presence of a misdemeanor offense in order to conduct a full custodial arrest of the misdemeanant without a warrant. It is the first article to speak on the topic in over twenty years and is the first to apply the two-pronged test set forth by the Supreme Court in Wyoming v. Houghton to the issue of warrantless arrests for misdemeanor offenses occurring outside an officer’s presence. Additionally, it is the first article to collect the seminal case from each of the seven federal circuits that have ruled on the issue, grouping them based on their legal reasoning. Furthermore, the article contains a fifty state survey detailing each state’s criminal statute regarding warrantless arrests for misdemeanor offenses. The survey is grouped into two categories, alphabetically listing states that require officer presence to justify a warrantless arrest for a misdemeanor offense, and alphabetically listing states that do not.
The Management and Economics of a Life-Threatening Invasive Species in Hawaii

While many of Hawai‘i’s native terrestrial ecosystems have been heavily impacted by human activities, invasive species continue to pose one of the greatest threats to the health of Hawaii’s native forests and watersheds. Falcataria moluccana (F. moluccana) removal and reforestation with native species can enhance watershed integrity, improve habitat for native species, and generate sustainable ecosystem services and forest products. Public cost-sharing and tax incentives are valuable strategies to encourage private landowners to invest in long-term F. moluccana management and reforestation. The characteristics of real estate properties affected by the highly invasive F. moluccana are examined in depth. Key sections of the Puna zone of Hawaii Island (Big Island) are graphically displayed and statistically analyzed based on property and land characteristics. The fraction of properties affected by F. moluccana receiving a homeowner exemption, the value of buildings and land on properties affected by F. moluccana and the number of property uses in each section (PITT codes for tax purposes) are provided.
Channel Quality Correlation Based Channel Probing in Multiple Channels

Many wireless networks provide a large number of available channels for data transmissions. Due to the multi-path environment, channels have different channel qualities. There- fore, selecting a good channel from the multiple channels can improve the communication effectiveness. The Packet Reception Rate (PRR) has been utilized to represent the channel quality. In order to know which channel has good quality, communication systems probe each channel and measure PRR. However, probing is time and energy consuming. In this paper, we propose a wireless channel probing approach, optimal channel probing (OCP), to efficiently select high-quality wireless channels. The OCP method utilizes a MAX-separation method to reduce the number of probing channels. In an evaluation using simulations and usrp2 real devices, we found that OCP is both effective and efficient at selecting high- quality channels and more efficient than existing channel probing methods.
Experimental Heat Transfer Analysis of a Cryogenic Nitrogen Pulsating Heat Pipe at Various Liquid Fill Ratios

Abstract The experimental results of extensive testing of a cryogenic Pulsating Heat Pipe (PHP) using nitrogen as the working fluid operating between 77 K and 80 K is presented. Fifty-two different test runs were analyzed over a range of different fill ratios, heater input powers, and orientations in order to map thermal performance as a function of the system operating parameters. The temperature difference between the evaporator and condenser section were obtained using platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs), and a pressure transducer was used to record the fluid’s pressure oscillations. As opposed to other N2 pulsating heat pipes which use less than 16 parallel tubes, this experimental PHP consists of 40 parallel tubes. The PHP was operated at different liquid fill ratios ranging between 10% and 40% and heat loads between 1 W to 4.5 W. Results show that the PHP’s temperature difference between section are small and resulted in high effective thermal conductivities up to 70,000 W/m/K at fill ratios around 20%. Also, it was shown the PHP stopped oscillating at heat loads below 1.5 W but operated successfully above 2 W. Results from experiments conducted in both horizontal and vertical orientations show that gravity has a significant effect on the thermal performance of the PHP even with a high number of turns.
Treasury Can Close a Potential Loophole in the Treatment of Deferred Foreign Income in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act – Will It Act?

This paper points out a potential TJCA loophole allowing a reduction in aggregate foreign cash subject to the 15.5% rate unless Treasury takes steps to implement an anti-abuse rule. If Treasury does not act, aggressive taxpayers may be rewarded and cautious taxpayers may have incentives to make second-best uses of their offshore cash. This potential loophole can have material revenue consequences and is an example of the costs of rushed legislative consideration of tax legislation without adequate time to review and analyze bill text.
The Language of Radicalization: Female Internet Recruitment to Participation in ISIS Activities

Why do young Muslim women radicalize and undertake high-risk political behaviors, and what factors influence their sociopolitical transformation? The process of radicalization happens because of in...
A Comparative Study of Entrepreneurship Incidence among Inventors in National Laboratories

Although the commercialization of public-sector technology is a primary federal strategy for improving the international competitiveness of U.S. industry, the potential role of spin-off entrepreneu...
NKG2D Regulation of Lung Pathology and Dendritic Cell Function Following Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory tract infection in vulnerable populations. Natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells (DC) are important for the effector functions of both cell types following infection. Methods Wild-type and NKG2D-deficient mice were infected with RSV. Lung pathology was assessed by histology. Dendritic cell function and phenotype were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry. The expression of NKG2D ligands on lung and lymph node DCs was measured by immunostaining and flow cytometry. Adoptive transfer experiments were performed to assess the importance of NKG2D-dependent DC function in RSV infection. Results NKG2D-deficient mice exhibited greater lung pathology, marked by the accumulation of DCs following RSV infection. Dendritic cells isolated from NKG2D-deficient mice had impaired responses toward Toll-like receptor ligands. Dendritic cells expressed NKG2D ligands on their surface, which was further increased in NKG2D-deficient mice and during RSV infection. Adoptive transfer of DCs isolated from wild-type mice into the airways of NKG2D-deficient mice ameliorated the enhanced inflammation in NKG2D-deficient mice after RSV infection. Conclusion NKG2D-dependent interactions with DCs control the phenotype and function of DCs and play a critical role in pulmonary host defenses against RSV infection.
Directional timing synchronization in wideband millimeter wave cellular systems with low-resolution ADCs

We develop a new beamforming strategy for millimeter-wave systems to improve the frame timing synchronization performance under low-resolution analog-to-digital converters. In the proposed method, identical synchronization sequences are sent across a cluster of simultaneously probed synchronization beams. The beam codewords in the beam cluster are selected to maximize the received synchronization signal-to-quantization-plus-noise ratio (SQNR). Numerical results reveal that the frame timing synchronization performance of the proposed method outperforms the existing approach due to the improvement in the received synchronization SQNR.
Historical case study: A research strategy for diachronic analysis

Abstract History and case study are two diachronic research strategies commonly used to study political discourse as it relates to public libraries. Though suitable for some studies, these strategies are inexhaustive. A new, blended research strategy is therefore needed to accomplish what history and case study alone cannot. This hybrid strategy, historical case study, must analyze cases from the distant past to the present, using eclectic data sources, in order to produce both idiographic and nomothetic knowledge. To develop historical case study, the universal components of diachronic analysis are first identified. A general research design for historical case study is then introduced. Finally, historical case study is tested in an actual research project. Findings from this project reveal that historical case study is a successful diachronic research strategy. Historical case study is a new and valuable research design suitable for addressing questions related to change, continuity, development, and evolution.
Numerical Modeling of an Enclosed Cylinder

Finite element models are regularly used in many disciplines to predict dynamic behavior of a structure under certain loads and subject to various boundary conditions, in particular when analytical models cannot be used due to geometric complexity. One such example is a structure with an entrained fluid cavity. To assist an experimental study of the acoustoelastic effect, numerical studies of an enclosed cylinder were performed to design the test hardware. With a system that demonstrates acoustoelastic coupling, it was then desired to make changes to decouple the structure from the fluid by making changes to either the fluid or the structure. In this paper, simulation is used to apply various changes and observe the effects on the structural response to choose an effective decoupling approach for the experimental study.
Management — A Dynamic Science

The national sciences of management as covered by this study are characterized by the fact that they look upon management more or less as a static phenomenon. Perhaps this is a consequence of relying on Taylor and Fayol in all possible respects. But even the fathers of scientific management did not overlook the fact that business is a part of life and therefore cannot be dealt with in a way e.g. archaeology would be entitled to ask for. An enterprise is a living organism created by man and we simply cannot use the tools which would have to serve dissecting an amorphous body when analysing this social entity and its phenomena. Nevertheless it has to be noted that Americans, French, Germans and Italians generally overlook this point in general. It is evident that forgetting about the dynamic structure of management will lead to misconceptions, errors and misstatements.
Gaussian hypergeometric series and combinatorial congruences

We study the Gaussian hypergeometric series of type 3 F 2 over finite fields F p . For each prime p and each λ ∈ F p , we explicitly determine p 2 3 F 2(λ) p (mod p 2). Using this perspective, we are able to give a direct proof of one of Beukers’ conjectured “supercongruences” between certain Apery numbers and the coefficients of a weight three modular form of CM type. Finally, we record many new supercongruences of this form.
The Mechanism of Lectin-Mediated Adhesion of Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

Tumor invasion, dissemination and the subsequent formatlon of metastatic foci derive from alteratlons in tumor cell adheslveness. Lectins and other intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) are involved in establishlng adhesion between tumor cells, vascular endothelial cells and the basement membrane. Galaptin, an endogenous lectin with affinity for galactose containing oligosaccharides, is present in the extracellular matrlx (ECM) and participates in the binding of A121 human ovarian carcinoma cells to the ECM. The specificity for galactose was demonstrated by inhibiting binding with lactose and by pretreating A121 cells with β-galactosidase. We have now carried out studies to identlfy the cellular glycoprotein(s) that are responslble for binding A121 cells to galaptin. Our results indicate that the galaptin receptor on the ovarian tumor cell surface is a hlghly glycosylated, lysosome-associated membrane protein (lamp). A series of membrane sugar analogs has been deslgned and synthesized as potential modulators of the galaptin receptor. One analog, 2-acetamldo-1, 4, 6-tri-0-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-glucosamine (CD 89029), was found to specifically inhibit glycoprotein biosynthesls. As a result of this inhibition, tumor cells treated with CD 89029 decreased their adhesion to the ECM. These studies show that tumor cell adhesion is medlated by specific endogenous lectins and their cell surface glycoconjugate receptors (i.e. lamp), and that appropriate sugar analogs can serve as potential Inhibitors of metastatic spread.
Sphingolipids of the fungiPhycomycetes blakesleeanus andFusarium lini

Ceramides and cerebrosides isolated fromPhycomyces blakesleeanus andFusarium lini together comprise ca. 0.2–0.3% of the cell dry weight, which is ca. 7–8% of the wet weight. The long chain bases obtained from these sphingolipids are (A) 16-methyl-4-hydroxy heptadecasphinganine; (B) 4-hydroxy octadecasphinganine; (C) 17-methyl-4-hydroxy octadecasphinganine; (D) 18-methyl-4-hydroxy nonadecasphinganine; (E) 19-methyl-4-hydroxy eicosasphinganine; (F) 20-methyl-4-hydroxy heneicosasphinganine; (G) 20-methyl-4-hydroxy heneicosa-X1-sphingenine; (H) 20-methyl-4-hydroxy-heneicosa-X2-sphingenine; (I) 4-hydroxy docosasphinganine; (J) 4-hydroxy docosa-X1-sphingenine; and (K) 4-hydroxy docosa-X2-sphingenine (The position, geometry and nature of unsaturation are unknown. The subscripts indicate the presence of two different unsaturated bases.) The occurrence in biological materials other than mushrooms of bases (D), (F), (G), (H), (I), (J) and (K) has not been previously reported. (The nomenclature used is that recommended by IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature. The configurations at carbon atoms 2, 3 and 4 are unknown in all cases.) The major normal fatty acids are palmitate, stearate, octadecenoate and octadecadienoate inP. blakesleeanus and stearate inF. lini. The predominant hydroxy fatty acids are hydroxypentadecanoate and hydroxypalmitate inP. blakesleeanus and hydroxy stearate inF. lini. The hexose from the cerebrosides of both fungi is glucose, except cerebroside II ofP. blakesleeanus which contains glucose and galactose.
A variety of multiple-soliton solutions for the integrable (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation

In this work, we study the integrable nonlinear (4+1)-dimensional Fokas equation. By means of systematic use of the simplified Hirota's method, we demonstrate the generation of a variety of multipl...
Uncertainty, Performance Position, and the Dynamics of Technological Competition

We highlight a firm’s relative performance position as a critical determinant of firm incentives to innovate under uncertainty. The upside potential from increasing uncertainty (or the “growth-options” effect) asymmetrically benefits laggards with more to gain and little to lose relative to leaders. As a result, uncertainty increases the rate of innovation by laggards relative to leaders and decreases the leader-laggard gap. The asymmetric upside can explain why uncertainty has highly heterogeneous effects both within industries based on a firm’s relative performance position as well as across industries based on their technological and competitive features. At the industry level, our findings suggest that high uncertainty provides a period of intensifying neck-and-neck competition and a reshuffling among leaders and laggards, rather than a stagnant period of status-quo.
Literature Circles That Engage Middle and High School Students

Preface 1 The What, Why, and How of Literature Circles 2 Literature Circles-Then (1993) and Now (2007): A Critique 3 Techniques of Active and Close Reading 4 Who Are Your Real Friends? 5 When Do You Need Family Most? 6 How Important Is a Brother, a Sister, or a Girlfriend in Your Life? 7 How Do True Leaders Inspire Followers and False Leaders Deceive Theirs? 8 Is Technology as Much a Blessing as a Curse? Source Texts and Related Readings
Exploiting the HSP60/10 chaperonin system as a chemotherapeutic target for colorectal cancer.

Abstract Over the past few decades, an increasing variety of molecular chaperones have been investigated for their role in tumorigenesis and as potential chemotherapeutic targets; however, the 60 kDa Heat Shock Protein (HSP60), along with its HSP10 co-chaperone, have received little attention in this regard. In the present study, we investigated two series of our previously developed inhibitors of the bacterial homolog of HSP60/10, called GroEL/ES, for their selective cytotoxicity to cancerous over non-cancerous colorectal cells. We further developed a third “hybrid” series of analogs to identify new candidates with superior properties than the two parent scaffolds. Using a series of well-established HSP60/10 biochemical screens and cell-viability assays, we identified 24 inhibitors (14%) that exhibited > 3-fold selectivity for targeting colorectal cancer over non-cancerous cells. Notably, cell viability EC50 results correlated with the relative expression of HSP60 in the mitochondria, suggesting a potential for this HSP60-targeting chemotherapeutic strategy as emerging evidence indicates that HSP60 is up-regulated in colorectal cancer tumors. Further examination of five lead candidates indicated their ability to inhibit the clonogenicity and migration of colorectal cancer cells. These promising results are the most thorough analysis and first reported instance of HSP60/10 inhibitors being able to selectively target colorectal cancer cells and highlight the potential of the HSP60/10 chaperonin system as a viable chemotherapeutic target.
Merger of Equals? The Path Toward the Integration of New Jersey’s Largest Universities

The combination of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) and Rutgers University in 2013 is the largest higher education merger in U.S. history. Based on extensive interviews with participants and archival research, we analyze factors that accelerated or decelerated the integration of the two universities over the period 2012-2018. This integration highlights the importance of balancing standardization with recognition of the distinctions between units, and helping people to form a shared identity in the combined organization.
A comparison of medical professionals with favorable and unfavorable attitudes toward advertising: an empirical study.

(2001). A Comparison of Medical Professionals with Favorable and Unfavorable Attitudes Toward Advertising. Health Marketing Quarterly: Vol. 18, No. 3-4, pp. 13-26.
Buried by The Times: The Holocaust and America's Most Important Newspaper, by Laurel Leff

The devil is the details in Laurel Leff's prodigiously researched examination of how the New York Times, through story placement and editorial judgment, consciously downplayed news about the fate o...
SECRET LOCKING: EXPLORING NEW APPROACHES TO BIOMETRIC KEY ENCAPSULATION

Biometrics play an increasingly important role in the context of access control techniques as they promise to overcome the problems of forgotten passwords or passwords that can be guessed easily.
The Emotional Citizen: Emotion as a Function of Political Sophistication

Scholars and popular commentators have often stereotyped emotion as a tool that citizens use to reason about politics in place of hard fact and critical thought. Indeed, critics have often seen emotion as a potentially dangerous force that can sway the unsophisticated masses to undesirable ends. This article challenges the view that emotion is an outgrowth of low sophistication, arguing that high sophisticates are more likely to experience emotion in reaction to politics and that emotions are more influential on the political behavior of high sophisticates. Drawing upon appraisal theory, this article develops a theory of how political engagement elicits emotionality about politics, and how emotion interacts with understanding and motivation to produce its greatest impact on the behavior of those citizens who are the most politically sophisticated. Behavioral effects are examined in the contexts of presidential voting behavior and Iraq War policy attitudes. Hypotheses are tested on pooled American National Election Studies (ANES) data and an original web-based survey of undergraduates.
Steepest entropy ascent in Quantum Thermodynamics

Quantum Thermodynamics [I] is a unified quantum theory that includes within a single uncontradictory nonstatistical structure the whole of Quantum Mechanics and Classical Equilibrium Thermodynamics, as well as a general description of nonequilibrium states, their entropy, and their irreversible motion towards stable equilibrium. Quantum Thermodynamics postulates that a system has access to a much broader set of states than contemplated in Quantum Mechanics. Specifically, for a system that is strictly uncorrelated from any other system, namely, a system for which Quantum Mechanics contemplates only states that are described by a state vector I~>, Quantum Thermodynamics postulates that in addition to the quantum mechanical states there exist many other states that cannot be described by a vector I~> but must be described by a self-adjoint, unit-trace, nonnegative-definite linear operator p that we call the state operator.
Phase diagram of the spin-(1)/(2) J 1 -J 2 Heisenberg model on a honeycomb lattice

We use the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm to study the phase diagram of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg model on a honeycomb lattice with first (${J}_{1}$) and second (${J}_{2}$) neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions, where a ${Z}_{2}$ spin liquid region has been proposed. By implementing SU(2) symmetry in the DMRG code, we are able to obtain accurate results for long cylinders with a width slightly over 15 lattice spacings and a torus up to the size $N=2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6$. With increasing ${J}_{2}$, we find a N\'eel phase with a vanishing spin gap and a plaquette valence-bond (PVB) phase with a nonzero spin gap. By extrapolating the square of the staggered magnetic moment ${m}_{s}^{2}$ on finite-size cylinders to the thermodynamic limit, we find the N\'eel order vanishing at ${J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\simeq}0.22$. For $0.25l{J}_{2}/{J}_{1}\ensuremath{\le}0.35$, we find a possible PVB order, which shows a fast growing PVB decay length with increasing system width. For $0.22l{J}_{2}/{J}_{1}l0.25$, both spin and dimer orders vanish in the thermodynamic limit, which is consistent with a possible spin liquid phase. We present calculations of the topological entanglement entropy, compare the DMRG results with the variational Monte Carlo, and discuss possible scenarios in the thermodynamic limit for this region.
Miguel de Cervantes y las enfermedades urológicas

Es irresistible la tentacion de ver reflejada la vida de un autor en sus obras. En el caso de Cervantes, por ejemplo, no deja de ser fascinante la posibilidad de reunir algunos detalles, suficientes para alumbrar un aspecto crucial de su biografia, siquiera de un modo hipotetico y, a la vez, de iluminar los episodios en que figuran semejantes datos.
Determination of current limits in bunched annular electron beams using Green's function techniques

Summary form only given, as follows. Three-dimensional Green's functions, which solve Maxwell's equations, can be utilized for modeling space charge effects of bunched annular electron beams in high-power microwave (HPM) sources, such as relativistic klystron amplifiers (RKA), relativistic klystron oscillators (RKO), and backward wave oscillators (BWO). We model bunched annular beams as periodic annuli of charge with negligibly small longitudinal thickness in a perfectly conducting drift tube, and use Green's functions to solve for the space-charge interactions of the beams with appropriate boundary conditions. We present both theoretical and computational analysis of the beam equilibrium based on the three-dimensional Green's function technique. In particular, we show the existence of an annular beam confinement limit, and demonstrate that the limit agrees with the observed current limit for pulse shortening in the 1.3 GHz; RKA experiment at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. We also present beam simulation results of the LANL RKA experiment using PFB3D, a newly developed Green's function code.
Assessing the mineralogy of the watershed and fan deposits of the Jezero crater paleolake system, Mars

We present results from geomorphic mapping and visible to near-infrared spectral analyses of the Jezero crater paleolake basin and its associated watershed. The goal of this study is to understand the provenance of the sedimentary deposits within this open-basin lake using a source-to-sink approach. Two fan deposits located within the basin have distinct visible to near-infrared mineralogic signatures measured by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). The northern fan is spectrally characterized by a mixture of Mg-rich carbonate and olivine, while the western fan is characterized by Fe/Mg-smectite (e.g., saponite or nontronite) with variable amounts of Mg-rich carbonate and olivine in isolated exposures. The watersheds of these deposits contain a variety of geomorphic units that are likely to have supplied sediment to the Jezero crater paleolake, as the fluvial valleys that fed the basin incise these units. The geomorphic units include exposures of Fe/Mg-smectite-, olivine-, and Mg-rich carbonate-bearing terrain. We show that the difference in fan deposit mineralogy is a function of the areal exposure of the major geomorphic units within their watersheds. This indicates that the spectrally dominant aqueous alteration minerals in the fan deposits are primarily detrital, or transported, in nature and did not form in situ. We conclude that the aqueous alteration of the units in the watershed occurred prior to the fluvial activity that carved the valleys of the Jezero crater paleolake system, and that the two periods of aqueous activity are not genetically related.
The complexity of dialytic therapy in hyperammonemic neonates

The utilization of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in the setting of hyperammonia is a rare and complicated occurrence. Data demonstrate that the quicker the ammonia level is normalized, the better the neurological outcome. The optimal form of RRT is often decided by local practice. The recent work by Picca and colleagues details a larger series of children who underwent RRT for hyperammonia and adds some credence to the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in this population. While these authors conclude that PD is not optimal, they do note that the use of PD may be an option when other forms of RRT are not available. The results reinforce the general maxim that you should continue to do that which you do well and often, which in this context refers to continuing to use your form of RRT until alternative modalities are available.
Board Oversight of Corporate Ethics Programs and Disclosure Transparency

For a number of years, groups such as the Jenkins Committee and the SEC have taken steps to make corporate activities more transparent to investors. In addition, the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act requires publicly traded firms to disclose whether they have adopted codes of ethics for their senior financial officers. An implicit assumption is that ethics codes will help firms develop more transparent disclosure policies by enhancing their internal control environments. However, past research (Felo 2000) provides evidence that board involvement in the development, implementation, and maintenance of codes is an important factor in whether ethics codes are related to stronger internal control environments. Using results from Standard and Poor's survey of transparency and disclosure (Patel and Dallas 2002), I find that firms having ethics programs overseen by their boards disclose more overall information, financial information, and board and management information than do other firms. Additionally, they are more likely ...
MO-B-201C-01: CT Dose Reporting

The high radiation dose for certain CT examinations has been a subject of recent reports. Concern is amplified when patients have a large number of repeated examinations. This course will describe recent efforts to report the CT dose from patient examinations and will discuss how effective dose can be estimated from dose reports. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the DICOM dose structured report and the IHE Radiation Exposure Monitoring profile. 2. Learn the status of the ACR project to develop a CT dose registry. 3. Understand how CTDIvol and DLP are determined for a clinical CT scanner. 4. Learn how to estimate organ doses and effective dose from reports of CTDIvol and DLP. 5. Understand current limitation on effective dose estimates with respect to patient size and sex.
Effect of Temperature on Ca2+-Dependent and Mechanical Modulators of Relaxation in Mammalian Myocardium

Temperature has long been known to affect mammalian cardiac muscle twitch characteristics; duration is prolonged and force is greater at 24 degrees C compared to 37 degrees C. Myocardial relaxation is also influenced by temperature; its time course is governed by a variety of temperature dependent intracellular processes. To investigate the effects of temperature on the interplay between sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium handling and crossbridge cycling as determinants of relaxation time course, we looked at the effects of temperature on load dependence of relaxation (LDoR). Load clamps of amplitude 90%, 80%...10% of peak developed isometric force were recorded at 24 degrees, 30 degrees, and 37 degrees C in rat right ventricular papillary muscles (n = 7), and load dependence of relaxation was analysed. Increasing temperature attenuated LDoR, suggesting there is a decrease in the efficacy of the sarcoplasmic reticulum relative to mechanical determinants of relaxation time course. Therefore, to more directly probe the relative contributions of changes in the [Ca2+]i transient and mechanical determinants of relaxation, we measured T + dF/dt (time to peak +dF/dt) as an indicator of the timing of peak [Ca2+] and tau f (the time constant of the final exponential decay of force from 10% developed force) as an indicator of mechanical kinetics. Both the [Ca2+]i transient and mechanical processes became faster with increasing temperature, as indicated by decreases in T + dF/dt and tau f; however, the ratio T + dF/dt/tau f increased. We interpret the decrease in LDoR and the increase in T + dF/dt/tau f as demonstrating that mechanical kinetics are more sensitive to temperature than is sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ handling.
In vitro folliculogenesis of rat preantral follicles

The impact of various gonadotropic hormones on the growth and development of secondary follicles from primordial and primary follicles obtained by enzymatic dissociation of the ovaries of immature 14-day-old rats was studied in vitro. The substratum-adherent culture technique developed for studying folliculogenesis in the current study permitted direct visualization of follicular growth on a day to day basis by avoiding the cumbersome process of fixing and sectioning follicles in culture. The cultures were maintained in a serum-free modified McCoy's medium in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2 at 37 C. Daily observation of the culture dishes under the phase contrast microscope revealed that the follicles grew and developed from primordial to primary and secondary follicular stages in the presence of FSH. Large antral follicles were able to secrete estradiol and progesterone into the medium, indicating that the follicles are not merely formed by cellular reorganization, but are physiologically funct...
The Exchange of Kinetic Energy between Larger Scales of Atmospheric Motion

The rate of transfer of kinetic energy between the different scales of eddies of the 500 mb geostrophic wind has been measured for each day of 1951. In the mean, there is a net transfer from intermediate (cyclone) scales to both longer and shorter scales. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1960.tb01324.x
Near infrared photon migration optic probe for improving breast core needle biopsy

We have developed a near infrared photon migration fiber optic probe which can be inserted into bore of a breast core biopsy needle, enabling preliminary diagnosis of breast lesions before they are removed.
Blood protein concentrations in the first two postnatal weeks associated with early postnatal blood gas derangements among infants born before the 28th week of gestation. The ELGAN Study

Aim To explore the relationships between blood gas derangements and blood concentrations of inflammation-related proteins shortly after preterm birth.
Location Theory and International and Interregional Trade Theory

I. Introduction, 97. — II. Empirical evidence on commodity flows over distance, 98. — III. Location theory and Graham's theory: a fusion, 104. — IV. Conclusions, 114.
Reflection and transmission characteristics of thin periodic interfaces

The reflection and transmission characteristics of an arbitrary, periodic interface characterized by either a surface admittance function or surface impedance function are presented. Two dual formulations are presented and the convergence properties of each are studied in detail. As contrasted to most techniques employing moment methods, the matrix elements of the resulting admittance or impedance matrix used in the computation are computed from simple analytical expressions. We show that the convergence properties of each formulation are highly sensitive to incident polarization. Furthermore, the technique applied in most cases of practical interest yields a rapidly converging solution for the reflected or transmitted field. Peculiar resonances associated with certain periodic structures are examined in detail. For example it is shown that the use of a dielectric mounting structure for a metal-free-space grating can significantly alter the transmission characteristics of the grating.
Structural Evolution of Oligomeric Vs. Oligomer-Free Amyloid Fibril Growth

Deposition of disease-specific proteins or protein fragments as fibrillar aggregates is the molecular hallmark of both neuropathic and systemic human diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis. While the cross-β sheet architecture of mature fibrils is firmly established, insights into the structural features of intermediates formed transiently fibril assembly has been hampered by their intrinsic metastability. We show here that correlated thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence and light scattering measurements and infrared spectroscopy can be used to monitor the structural evolution of amyloid intermediates of lysozyme emerging along an oligomer-free vs. oligomeric assembly pathway. While ThT fluorescence responded to all generations of transient intermediates, it did so with very different efficacies for the two different assembly pathways. Correlating ThT responses against light scattering indicated that the observed differences in ThT responses results from intrinsic differences (binding affinity, quantum yield) of ThT interactions with intermediates and mature fibrils in different pathways. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed that both assembly pathways result in the formation of cross-beta sheet structures early on. At the same time, there were reproducible spectral differences across these two pathways. All these pathway specific features emerged upon formation of the earliest intermediates and persisted up to late-stage fibrils. We confirmed that neither the existence of these two pathways nor their specific structural features were affected by the hydrolysis of lysozyme that occurs at highly acidic growth conditions. These observations imply that intermediates along different assembly pathways are not just morphologically but also structurally distinct and that these pathway-specific structural motifs become established during the very earliest aggregation events.This research was supported by a grant from the Neuroscience Collaborative at USF and NIH grant GM097723 (M. M.)
Effects of acetoxycycloheximide on the metabolism of hepatic triglycerides in the rat.

Abstract Acetoxycycloheximide (ACH), the most potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in mammalian tissues, was administered to female rats in order to investigate the relationship of hepatic protein synthesis inhibition to the pathogenesis of fatty liver. Groups of animals were sacrificed at intervals between 1.5 and 24 hr after receiving ACH, by ip injection, in concentrations of either 0.25 or 0.50 mgm/kgm body weight. Blood samples were analyzed for triglyceride and free fatty acid (FFA) content, and hepatic triglycerides were determined. ACH produced neither an increase in hepatic triglyceride content, a depression of plasma triglycerides nor an elevation of FFA. Electron microscopy of the liver failed to demonstrate lipid accumulation. The plasma lipoproteins of ACH-treated rats had normal triglyceride and protein contents. These resutls demonstrate that hepatic protein synthesis inhibition alone is not sufficient to produce liver triglyceride accumulation and emphasize the importance of FFA mobilization in the pathogenesis of fatty liver.
Morphogenesis in wing imaginal discs: its relationship to changes in the extracellular matrix.

Abstract An extracellular matrix (ECM) lies between the upper and lower epithelial layers of the wing imaginal discs of moths. Organization and composition of this extracellular matrix, as revealed by staining with ruthenium red, tannic acid, and alcian blue, changes in concert with levels of hormones in the haemolymph. The ECM of the wing imaginal disc is an environment for cellular movements. Reorganization of the matrix and increase in ecdysteroid level is coupled with the proximal → distal migration of tracheal cells as well as the distal → proximal outgrowth of sensory neurons.
Using body scans in assessing perceptions of body attractiveness and size: cross-cultural study

The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) and body shapes on the perception of female body attractiveness and body size. A convenience sample of 107 American and 102 Russian female students completed questionnaire coordinated with a stimulus of 27 images of female body scans used by respondents to rate body size and attractiveness. Body sizes were categorised according to BMI. Three body shapes (hourglass, rectangle and pear) were defined within the stimulus. Russian respondents reported lower scores on body attractiveness than American respondents for all 27 images. Body scans with underweight BMIs were perceived as being the most attractive in both cultures. There was a significant difference of perceptions of body sizes between the Americans and the Russians.
A COMMENT ON THE USE OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS IN WOMEN'S OLYMPIC SWIMMING: A Chronicle of the 100-Meters Freestyle

Focusing on gold medal times in the women's 100-meters freestyle from the 1912 to 1996 Olympics, we compare the effects of anabolic steroids to other innovations. Following a discussion of factors such as changing conceptions of femininity, improved facilities and training methods, and the recruitment of elite athletes, we conclude that anabolic steroids have had a significant but relatively minor impact.