cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on peripheral vasomotor function in postmenopausal women

Abstract Hormone replacement therapy is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women. We have recently found that acute 17β-estradiol administration improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in both the peripheral and coronary circulations of postmenopausal women. The current study was undertaken in 33 estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women (meanage 59 ± 7 years) to determine if short-term estrogen replacement therapy also improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in peripheral circulation. Acute intraarterial infusion of estradiol, which increased forearm venous estradiol levels from 16 ± 11 to 345 ± 202 pg/ml, potentiated forearm vasodilation induced by the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine by 49 ± 67% (p
Pressor mechanisms linked obligatorily to spontaneous hypertension in the rat.

To identify genetic factors linked obligatorily to hypertension in the rat, pithed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were compared with genetically similar (Wistar-Kyoto rats; WKY) and different (Sprague-Dawley) normotensive strains. The only variables that distinguished SHR from both WKY and Sprague-Dawley rats were a greater maximum pressor response to electrical stimulation of sympathetic outflow and decreased sensitivity to submaximal doses of the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist methoxamine (i.e., higher ED50). SHR had in common with Sprague-Dawley rats basal blood pressure after pithing plus adrenalectomy and the maximum pressor response to methoxamine; both these values were higher than those in WKY. All strains demonstrated equal sensitivity of the vasoconstrictor response to endogenous norepinephrine released by electrical simulation at submaximal frequency, even though sensitivity to the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist was lower in SHR. The alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist rauwolscine attenuated the pressor response to electrical stimulation in SHR and WKY but increased it in Sprague-Dawley rats. The alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin attenuated the response more in SHR and WKY than in Sprague-Dawley rats. We conclude that 1) sympathetic hyperactivity is linked obligatorily to hypertension in SHR; 2) increased basal blood pressure and noradrenergic vasoconstrictor response are present in SHR, but they are not obligatorily linked to hypertension; 3) feedback inhibition of norepinephrine release is comparable in SHR or WKY and poorly developed compared with that in Sprague-Dawley rats; 4) decreased sensitivity of the pressor response to stimulation of vascular alpha 1-adrenergic receptors in SHR compensates partially for increased sympathetic activity or hyperinnervation, or both.
Double-blind pilot trial of oral tolerization with myelin antigens in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune disease mediated by T lymphocytes that recognize myelin components of the central nervous system. In a 1-year double-blind study, 30 individuals with relapsing-remitting MS received daily capsules of bovine myelin or a control protein to determine the effect of oral tolerization to myelin antigens on the disease. Six of 15 individuals in the myelin-treated group had at least one major exacerbation; 12 or 15 had an attack in the control group. T cells reactive with myelin basic protein were reduced in the myelin-treated group. No toxicity or side effects were noted. Although conclusions about efficacy cannot be drawn from these data, they open an area of investigation for MS and other autoimmune diseases.
Insect neuropeptides: Discovery and application in insect management

New approaches to the development of insect control agents have been revealed through the molecular description of neuropeptides, their biogenesis, action, and degradation. Prerequisite to the exploitation of a neuropeptide as a lead to control agent development is a thorough understanding of the biochemistry of the neuropeptide and appreciation of its physiological impact. Reliable bioassays must be coupled with advanced biochemical and molecular genetic technologies to overcome limitations imposed by the typically low endogenous levels of individual neuropeptides. Purification, amino acid sequencing, and gene cloning provide the molecular tools necessary for studies on neuropeptide synthesis, processing, secretion, receptor binding, and inactivation. Each of these areas consists of a number of amino acid sequence-, and enzyme-dependent steps which may be considered as targets for the development of highly specific control agents. These agents will include antagonist and superagonists, peptidomimetics, recombinant peptides delivered through the baculovirus technology, receptor blockers, and enzyme inhibitors.
Overlapping Role of Dynamin Isoforms in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis

The existence of neuron-specific endocytic protein isoforms raises questions about their importance for specialized neuronal functions. Dynamin, a GTPase implicated in the fission reaction of endocytosis, is encoded by three genes, two of which, dynamin 1 and 3, are highly expressed in neurons. We show that dynamin 3, thought to play a predominantly postsynaptic role, has a major presynaptic function. Although lack of dynamin 3 does not produce an overt phenotype in mice, it worsens the dynamin 1 KO phenotype, leading to perinatal lethality and a more severe defect in activity-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Thus, dynamin 1 and 3, which together account for the overwhelming majority of brain dynamin, cooperate in supporting optimal rates of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Persistence of synaptic transmission in their absence indicates that if dynamin plays essential functions in neurons, such functions can be achieved by the very low levels of dynamin 2.
Characterization and forensic analysis of soil samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

A method for the quantitative elemental analysis of surface soil samples using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was developed and applied to the analysis of bulk soil samples for discrimination between specimens. The use of a 266 nm laser for LIBS analysis is reported for the first time in forensic soil analysis. Optimization of the LIBS method is discussed, and the results compared favorably to a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) method previously developed. Precision for both methods was <10% for most elements. LIBS limits of detection were <33 ppm and bias <40% for most elements. In a proof of principle study, the LIBS method successfully discriminated samples from two different sites in Dade County, FL. Analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test and Student's t test resulted in 100% discrimination with no type I or type II errors. Principal components analysis (PCA) resulted in clear groupings of the two sites. A correct classification rate of 99.4% was obtained with linear discriminant analysis using leave-one-out validation. Similar results were obtained when the same samples were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS, showing that LIBS can provide similar information to LA-ICP-MS. In a forensic sampling/spatial heterogeneity study, the variation between sites, between sub-plots, between samples and within samples was examined on three similar Dade sites. The closer the sampling locations, the closer the grouping on a PCA plot and the higher the misclassification rate. These results underscore the importance of careful sampling for geographic site characterization.
VII. Topical application of a melanotropic peptide induces systemic follicular melanogenesis

We determined the relative effectiveness of alpha-MSH and a highly potent melanotropin analogue, [Nle4, D-Phe] - alpha-MSH, in stimulating a shift from pheomelanogenesis to eumelanogenesis within hair bulbs of mice. The analogue proved to be at least a hundred times more effective than the native hormone when injected subcutaneously. The two melanotropins were then incorporated into an ointment base and topically applied to a shaved area of the skin on the back of a yellow strain of mice (C57BL/6JAY). Within 24-48 hours eumelanin production was visible within hair bulb melanocytes in both treated and untreated areas of animals. The presence of melanized organelles (eumelanosomes) within melanocytes was confirmed by electron microscopy. These results document the delivery of a peptide hormone through the skin and into the systemic circulation. This is the first demonstration of the delivery of a peptide hormone by percutaneous absorption and may provide a model for a similar route of delivery of other peptide hormones. The hormone analogue has also been delivered across human skin in vitro. Delivery of a melanotropin by a transdermal route may prove to be clinically useful in the treatment of some integumental hypopigmentary disorders in humans.
Electron-nuclear double resonance of copper complexes of human transferrin.

Electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy has been used to study ligand and copper hyperfine interactions in Cu(II) complexes of human transferrin. A nearly isotropic superhyperfine interaction of the Cu(II) spin with a single 14N nucleus was identified, and the principal values of its tensor were estimated. All principal values of the copper hyperfine tensor were also directly measured for the first time. Resonances from at least two exchangeable protons were observed, but their origin could not be ascertained. At physiological pH, and in the presence of bicarbonate, ENDOR spectra of the two metal-binding sites were virtually indisinguishable.
Learn about AGU's Congressional Science and Mass Media Fellowships at Fall Meeting

Have you ever considered spending the summer as a science reporter in a mass media outlet or working for a member of Congress on Capitol Hill for a year? During a luncheon at the AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, learn about the AGU Congressional Science Fellowship and Mass Media Fellowship and how to apply for these opportunities. At the luncheon, this year's AGU Congressional Science Fellows, Rebecca French and Ian Lloyd, will discuss their experiences working in Congress. French, who received her Ph.D. in geosciences from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, is working for Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.), while Lloyd, a recent Ph.D. graduate of Princeton, is working for Sen. Jeff Merkley (D-Oreg.). Over the next year, French and Lloyd will advise and assist the senators on some Earth science issues and other matters.
Acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers and cell bodies in the cochlear nuclei of normal and reeler mutant mice.

Sections from the cochlear nuclei of normal and reeler mutant mice were treated by the method of Karnovsky and Roots ('64) for the demonstration of cholinesterase activity. In one group of controls ethopropazine was used to inhibit pseudocholinesterases and in another group BW 284C 51 was used to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The distribution of AChE-positive fibers in the normal mouse is given. The reeler mutant mouse differs from the normal in that there are no AChE-positive fibers in the dorsal nucleus, very few in the granule cell layer separating the dorsal from ventral nuclei, none in the granule cell layer covering the lateral aspect of the ventral nucleus, and the number in the posteroventral and caudal anteroventral nuclei are greatly reduced. Perisomatic terminals, small and large terminal boutons, and boutons en passant are present in both normal and reeler mutant mice. AChE-positive cell bodies are found in the deep region of the dorsal nucleus, the rostral part of the posteroventral nucleus, and the anteroventral nuclueus of both normal and reeler mutant mice. The observations in the normal mouse are compared to the distribution of AChE-positive fibers and the types of terminals formed by noncochlear afferents in other species. Several possible causes of the lesion of the AChE-positive fibers in the reeler mutant mouse are considered.
A literature survey of fixturedesign automation

This paper gives a review of fixture-design research, most of it done in the 1980s. The major topics of the review are the fixturing principles (supporting, locating and clamping), automated fixture design (configuration, assembly and verification), and fixture hardware design (dedicated, modular and electric/magnetic types).
Activated hepatic stellate cells: negative regulators of hepatocyte proliferation in liver diseases.

Tissue homeostasis requires an effective, limited wound-healing response to injury. In chronic disease, failure to regenerate parenchymal tissue leads to the replacement of lost cellular mass with a fibrotic matrix. The mechanisms that dictate the balance of cell regeneration and fibrogenesis are not well understood. Here we report that fibrogenic hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the liver are negative regulators of hepatocyte regeneration. This negative regulatory function requires stimulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor (5-HT2B) on HSCs by serotonin, which activates expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), a powerful suppressor of hepatocyte proliferation, through signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (ERK) and the transcription factor JunD. Selective antagonism of 5-HT2B enhanced hepatocyte growth in models of acute and chronic liver injury. We also observed similar effects in mice lacking 5-HT2B or JunD or upon selective depletion of HSCs in wild-type mice. Antagonism of 5-HT2B attenuated fibrogenesis and improved liver function in disease models in which fibrosis was pre-established and progressive. Pharmacological targeting of 5-HT2B is clinically safe in humans and may be therapeutic in chronic liver disease.
LEED-Certified Residential Brownfield Development as a Travel and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Strategy

AbstractThe transportation sector is the second largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the United States. This study examines the cost effectiveness of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)–certified residential brownfield developments as vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and GHG-emission-reduction strategy. Costs incurred by developers (including cleanup and LEED transportation credit implementation) and savings incurred by residents and the society (including driving time, fuel, and external air pollution) were examined using 16 sites in Baltimore, Chicago, Minneapolis, and Pittsburgh. Travel-demand models were used to estimate VMT reductions. Air pollution–valuation data were used to estimate environmental cost savings. Results indicate that on average LEED-certified residential brownfield developments annually save an average household between $3,500 and $4,000. Comparing cost savings of these developments with other VMT-reduction strategies shows that with minimal implementatio...
Compliant alkali silicate sealing glass for solid oxide fuel cell applications: Combined stability in isothermal ageing and thermal cycling with YSZ coated ferritic stainless steels

Abstract An alkali silicate glass (SCN-1) is being evaluated as a candidate sealant for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. The glass contains about 17 wt.% alkalis (K + Na) and has low glass transition and softening temperatures. It remains vitreous and compliant after sealing without substantial crystallization, as contrary to conventional glass–ceramic sealant. The glassy nature and low characteristic temperatures can reduce residual stresses and result in the potential for crack healing. In a previous study, the glass was found to have good thermal cycle stability and was chemically compatible with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coating during short term testing. In this study, the compliant glass was further evaluated in a more realistic way in that the sealed couples were first isothermally aged for 1000 h followed by thermal cycling. High temperature leakage was measured. Chemical compatibility was also investigated with powder mixtures to enhance potential interfacial reaction. In addition, interfacial microstructure was examined with scanning electron microscopy and evaluated with regard to the leakage and chemical compatibility results. Overall the compliant sealing glass showed desirable chemical compatibility with YSZ coated metallic interconnect of minimum reaction and hermetic behavior at 700–750 °C in dual environment.
Accelerated onset of uterine tumors in transgenic mice with aberrant expression of the estrogen receptor after neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol

The role of estrogen and the estrogen receptor (ER) in the induction and promotion of tumors was investigated by using transgenic MT-mER mice, which overexpress the ER. It was hypothesized that because of this abnormal expression of the ER, the reproductive-tract tissues of the MT-mER mice may be more susceptible to tumors after neonatal exposure to the potent synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Normally non-estrogen responsive tissues that may have expressed ER as a result of the transgene were also studied for DES-induced tumors. Wild-type and MT-mER littermates were treated with 2 micrograms/pup/d DES 1-5 d after birth and then killed at 4, 8, 12, and 18 mo of age. The DES-treated MT-mER mice demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of uterine adenocarcinoma at 8 mo (73%) than the DES-treated wild-type mice (46%). The tumors of the MT-mER mice were often more aggressive than those in the wild-type animals. These tumors were also preceeded at 4 mo by a significantly higher incidence of the preneoplastic lesion atypical hyperplasia in the MT-mER mice (26% compared with 0% in the wild-type mice). Other DES-induced abnormalities were observed at equal rates in the wild-type and MT-mER mice. Although no tumors were observed in untreated wild-type females, a single untreated MT-mER female had uterine adenocarcinoma at 18 mo. These data indicate that the level of ER present in a tissue may also be a determining factor in development of estrogen-responsive tumors.
Risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in cancer

Hot flashes are prevalent and severe symptoms that can interfere with mood, sleep, and quality of life for women and men with cancer. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on the risk factors, pathophysiology, and treatment of hot flashes in individuals with cancer. Electronic searches were conducted to identify relevant English-language literature published through June 15, 2012. Results indicated that risk factors for hot flashes in cancer include patient-related factors (eg, age, race/ethnicity, educational level, smoking history, cardiovascular risk including body mass index, and genetics) and disease-related factors (eg, cancer diagnosis and dose/type of treatment). In addition, although the pathophysiology of hot flashes has remained elusive, these symptoms are likely attributable to disruptions in thermoregulation and neurochemicals. Therapies that have been offered or tested fall into 4 broad categories: pharmacological, nutraceutical, surgical, and complementary/behavioral strategies. The evidence base for this broad range of therapies varies, with some treatments not yet having been fully tested or showing equivocal results. The evidence base surrounding all therapies is evaluated to enhance hot flash treatment decision-making by clinicians and patients.
Statistical Cataloging of Archival Data for Luminosity Class IV-V Stars. III. The Epoch 2004 [Fe/H] and Temperature Catalogs

In this paper, an updated catalog containing averaged values of [Fe/H] is presented for FGK stars on and near the main sequence. The input data for the catalog are values of [Fe/H] derived from weak and moderately strong lines and published before 2005 July 1. Those data are corrected to a uniform temperature scale, and a statistical analysis is then applied to a subset of the data that did not contribute to a previous version of the catalog. In this way, it is found that an accurate zero point for the catalog can be established with an rms error of 0.005 dex. After corrections are applied to a number of the newly added data, it is shown that those corrections help to produce satisfactory zero-point coherence among the catalog entries. Standard errors that are derived for the catalog data are shown to be accurate. It is also shown that those standard errors are based on pervasive scatter in the input data, as is expected if those data are affected by genuine random effects. Samples of the metallicity catalog and an accompanying temperature catalog are displayed and discussed. To make possible an effective extension of the catalog to stars without catalog entries, a database containing photometric metallicities derived by Nordstrom et al. is considered. Standard errors for those metallicities are derived, and zero-point corrections required to put those data on the catalog zero point are presented.
Heparin‐induced capacitation: a comparison between the bull and stallion

Summary Spermatozoa were incubated with 0, 10, 50 or 100 μg heparin/ml for 4 h at 37°C (bull) or 39°C (stallion) in 5% CO2. Spermatozoa were then challenged with 10 μM-calcium ionophore A23187 at 0, 2 and 4 h of incubation for an additional 30 min. Samples were evaluated for the % of motile and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. The spermatozoa of both species exhibited a decline in the % of motile spermatozoa during incubation over 4 h, and this decline was similar for heparin and non-heparin-treated stallion spermatozoa (P>0.05). Within incubation times the % of acrosome-reacted stallion spermatozoa during incubation was similar (P<0.05) among heparin and non-heparin-treated spermatozoa. As for bull spermatozoa, addition of 10 μM-A23187 to stallion spermatozoa induced more acrosome-reactions in heparin-treated than in non-heparin-treated spermatozoa (P<0.05). However, maximal inductions of acrosome reactions following ionophore challenge occurred in stallion spermatozoa after 4 h incubation with ≥50 μg heparin/ml. Bull and stallion spermatozoa incubated with heparin exhibited higher (P<0.05) % of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa after challenge with A23187 than did non-heparin-incubated spermatozoa, suggesting that they may have undergone capacitation during incubation with heparin. Although incubation with 10 μg heparin/ml was sufficient to induce capacitation in bull spermatozoa, stallion spermatozoa required incubation with ≥50 μg heparin/ml.
Visitor perspectives on sustainable tourism development in the Pitons Management Area World Heritage Site, St. Lucia

The Pitons Management Area (PMA) World Heritage Site is one of the most visited tourist attractions in St. Lucia. Given the magnitude of the tourism industry in St. Lucia in general, coupled with the expanding growth of tourism in the PMA, the need to adopt a sustainable approach to tourism development is imperative. Identifying visitors as a key stakeholder group in sustainable tourism development, this study examined their perspectives and support for sustainable tourism development in the PMA. More specifically, it examined visitors’ environmental, economic, and social attitudes based on a sustainable tourism development framework and explored the effect and best predictive validity of attitudes on support for sustainable tourism development. Results indicated that attitudes were generally positive, and as each of the respective attitudes increased, visitors’ level of support for sustainable tourism development at the PMA also increased. The Economic Attitudinal Index had the highest predictive power, followed by the Social Attitudinal Index. The Environmental Attitudinal Index was not significant although it was strongly correlated in the bivariate analysis. Implications of the findings for the sustainable development of tourism in the PMA are discussed.
Benz[f]tryptophan, a bathochromic analog of tryptophan, synthesis of its N-α-t-boc derivative

Abstract The recently reported anionic cyclization of N,N-diallylaminobenzene derivatives to indolines is readily extended to the synthesis of a naphthalene derivative which is taken on to the first synthesis of a benz[ f ]tryptophan derivative.
Nonlinear realization of the superconformal group and conformal supergravity

We construct a nonlinear representaion of the superconformal group on its coset space with respect to the Lorentz group times the group of dilatations times U(1). Fields and derivatives covariant with respect to group transformations are given up to quadratic terms. From these, group invariants are obtained which contain the Lagrangian of conformal supergravity, as well as more general Lagrangian terms.
825 REPRODUCTIVE OUTCOME IN COUPLES WITH PREVIOUS PREGNANCY WASTAGE

A follow up study was carried out of the reproductive experience of 62 couples who had been evaluated earlier at our Genetic Center because of a history of pregnancy wastage (i.e. 2 or more spontaneous abortions (SA)) and no liveborn children. Of 57 couples who had normal peripheral blood chromosome findings, 45 (79%) had subsequent normal liveborn m-fants, although 14 also had one or more additional SA. In a comparison of couples with 2 (n=29) or 3 or more (n=28) previous SA, the latter had a less favorable outlook for a liveborn infant (93.1% vs 64.3% p < 0.02) and also a greater likelihood of no further pregnancies(6.9% vs 25.0% p=n.s.). Among 5 couples with an abnormal karyotype in one member of the pair, only 1 had a normal liveborn child, 1 had an additional SA, and 2 had no recognizable pregnancies despite attempts at conception. Thus, there is a high expectation of favorable pregnancy outcome after 2 SA and a less favorable pregnancy outlook with 3 or more SA among couples with normal karyotype and no previous live births. The reproductive outlook appears to be poor in couples with a structural chromosome rearrangement.
The Role of Arsenic-Thiol Interactions in Metalloregulation of the ars Operon

The ars operon of the Escherichia coli plasmid R773 that confers arsenical and antimonial resistance is negatively regulated by the ArsR repressor. ArsR residues Cys-32 and Cys-34 were previously identified as involved in induction by arsenite and antimonite, suggesting coordination between As(III) and the two cysteine thiolates. However, in small molecule thiolate-As(III) complexes, arsenic is frequently three-coordinate. A site-directed mutagenic approach was employed in a search for a third arsenic ligand. ArsR proteins with C32G, C34G, and C32G/C34G substitutions were active repressors, but were not inducible in vivo. In vitro, the altered repressor-ars DNA complexes could not be dissociated by inducers. Alteration of Cys-37 and Ser-43, residues located in or near the putative helix-turn-helix DNA-binding region of the protein, had no effect on the inducibility of the operon. While these results indicated that neither the thiolate of Cys-37 nor the hydroxyl oxygen of Ser-43 is required for induction, they did not eliminate either atom as a potential arsenic ligand. Another approach involved reaction with an alternative inducer, phenylarsine oxide, which can form only two coordinations. Phenylarsine oxide was shown to be as effective as or more effective than arsenite or antimonite in induction in vivo. In vitro, the organic arsenical was more effective than either arsenite or antimonite in dissociating the repressor-promoter complex. Thus, two ArsR-arsenic bonds are sufficient for induction. The interaction of ArsR proteins with As(III) was examined using a phenylarsine oxide affinity resin. ArsR proteins containing any two of the three cysteine residues Cys-32, Cys-34, and Cys-37 bound to the resin. Alteration of any two of the three resulted in loss of binding. Arsenic x-ray absorption spectroscopy of ArsR treated stoichiometrically with arsenite confirmed the average arsenic coordination as AsS3. These results suggest that all three cysteine thiolates are arsenic ligands, but binding to only two, the Cys-32 and Cys-34 thiolates, is required to produce the conformational change that results in release of the repressor from the DNA and induction.
Practice patterns of rural family physicians based on the American Diabetes Association standards of care

The purpose of this study was to examine practice patterns of rural family physicians in the care of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus based on the standards of care of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). One hundred patient charts were randomly chosen, twenty for each physician, from the practices of five family physicians in rural Ohio. A standardized collection protocol was used, based upon the ADA recommendations. The charts were reviewed for compliance with the ADA parameters. The patients' records demonstrated 66% compliance with dietary counseling and 33% with counseling about exercise. Moreover, there was low compliance with physical examination guidelines. Specifically, 66% of the patients had fundoscopic examination and 64% had a complete foot examination done. With respect to the laboratory guidelines, 70% of the charts reviewed had a urinalysis ordered and 45% annual lipids measured. However, glycosylated hemoglobin was performed in only 15% of the patients. The results suggest that rural family physicians do not consistently follow the ADA standards of care.
Isolated posterior malleolar fractures

Abstract Three cases are presented of isolated fractures of the posterior malleoulus as seen in an emergency department. Isolated posterior malleolar fractures are associated with compression and/or plantar flexion injuries of the foot. The Lauge-Hansen classification of ankle fractures, and its derivatives, do not include these injuries because of their rarity. They should be considered in all cases of ankle injury.
Room-Temperature Freeze Casting for Ceramics with Nonaqueous Sublimable Vehicles in the Naphthalene–Camphor Eutectic System

Freeze casting for Al2O3 was accomplished at room temperature with nonaqueous sublimable vehicles in the naphthalene– camphor eutectic system with a eutectic temperature of 31°C. A fully dense sintered body (>99.5% of theoretical density (T.D.)) was obtained with a eutectic composition vehicle, whereas at most 90% T.D. was obtained with an off-eutectic (i.e., hypo- or hypereutectic) composition vehicle due to formation of large uniquely shaped voids. Microstructural observation suggested that growing pro-eutectic crystals rejected the suspended Al2O3 particles to form large voids during the solidification process. At the eutectic composition, formation of fine lamellar microstructure in a solidified vehicle is considered to inhibit particle rejection resulting in large voids.
Cognitive Coping Predicts Pain Intensity and Disability in Patients with Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Pain

AbstractObjective: The Negative Pain Thoughts Questionnaire [NPTQ], Pain Catastrophizing Scale [PCS], and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire [PSEQ] are validated measures of cognitive coping with pain. The objective of this study was to assess their individual and combined interrelation with pain intensity and disability, and determine the amount of overlap variance among these coping measures.Methods: One hundred and nineteen patients presenting to a hand practice completed validated questionnaires assessing pain intensity [an 11-point ordinal scale], and disability [the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire; DASH] along with the three cognitive coping questionnaires.Results: Regression models with NPTQ controlling for covariates explained 24% of variance in pain intensity, of which NPTQ alone explained 10%, and 32% in DASH, of which NPTQ alone explained 16%. Regression models with PCS controlling for covariates explained 24% of variance in pain intensity, of which PCS alone explained 10...
Text-Graphic Instructions that Help Readers Mentally Animate Procedures: A Case Study with Surgical Patient Education Modules

To understand how readers approach mechanical procedural instructions, this study tested surgical patient education modules for the effectiveness of route and survey spatial perspectives in text. The results showed that subjects' ability to comprehend an intricate procedural action in surgery varies with learning styles and the reader's interpretation of task context along with different text-graphic perspectives. Overall, survey perspective worked better than route perspective in text.
Multiobjective Optimization, Systems Design and De Novo Programming

In this chapter we explore some topics beyond traditional MCDM. First we explain in the simplest possible terms what multiobjective optimization is, and define the subject matter of this chapter. We discuss the role of tradeoffs and draw a distinction between tradeoffs-based versus tradeoffs-free thinking. Next, we introduce the concept of optimization and optimal systems design. Then we build the foundation of De novo programming, dealing with designing optimal systems in linear cases. Finally, we provide some numerical examples and discuss additional applications where optimal design and multiobjective optimization can be used.
High gain 40 Gb/s InP HBT drivers for EO/EA modulators

Single chip high gain InP HBT modulator drivers for 40 Gb/S systems are presented. With 30 dB gain, 41 GHz bandwidth and 6Vp-p differential output, the need for external pre-amplifiers and bias networks are eliminated. Transmitter performance with EO/EA modulators are evaluated.
A 100-year perspective on gastrointestinal motility

This contribution to the centennial commemorative issue of the American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology identifies some of the important studies of spontaneous electrical and motor activity in the gastrointestinal tract published in the Journal between 1898 and 1996. Emphasis is given to the contributions made by Walter B. Cannon, Walter C. Alvarez, Emil Bozler, C. Ladd Prosser, and James Christensen.
How Food as a Reward Is Detrimental to Children's Health, Learning, and Behavior.

BACKGROUND Despite small- and wide-scale prevention efforts to curb obesity, the percentage of children classified as overweight and obese has remained relatively consistent in the last decade. As school personnel are increasingly pressured to enhance student performance, many educators use food as a reward to motivate and reinforce positive behavior and high achievement. Yet, many educators have missed the link between student health and academic achievement. METHODS Based on a review of the literature, this article explores the link between childhood obesity and adverse mental and physical health, learning, and behavior outcomes. The role in providing children with food as a reward in the relationship between obesity and detrimental health and performance outcomes are examined. RESULTS The use of food as a reward is pervasive in school classrooms. Although there is a paucity of research in this area, the few studies published in this area show detrimental outcomes for children in the areas of physical health, learning, and behavior. CONCLUSIONS It is imperative that educators understand the adverse outcomes associated with using food as a reward for good behavior and achievement. This study provides alternatives to using food as a reward and outlines future directions for research.
High speed and high resolution diagnostics for the early phase of dielectric surface flashover

With a novel experimental setup, emphasizing high-speed and high-resolution electrical and optical diagnostic methods, the authors attempted to elucidate the physical mechanisms leading to surface flashover in vacuum. The device used a cable discharge into an impedance matched, coaxial, surface flashover test chamber in a micro-torr vacuum, operated in self-breakdown mode with a DC charging voltage. Preflashover current, breakdown voltage, luminosity, and soft X-rays were measured for different dielectric materials. In addition, DC magnetic fields were applied. Preliminary results indicated the existence of a secondary electron avalanche above the surface and electron stimulated outgassing before flashover occurred. >
Segregated and two‐environment reactor models—calculation of molecular weight distributions

An efficient procedure is presented for calculating molecular weight distributions for segregated reactors and two-environment reactor models.
The Role of University of Central Florida in Regional Economic Development

A university can play an essential role in regional economic development, especially with respect to innovation and entrepreneurial. The University of Central Florida became a driver and partner to help diversify the economy from a region that was heavily dependent on tourism, hospitality and agriculture, sectors known for lower than average wages.
Effective Interactions and Reaction Dynamics

Consideration is given to the effects of strong coupling of the nucleon elastic-scattering channel with other reaction channels. Pickup channels are found to be much more important than inelastic couplings in a coupled-channels environment. For high energies, however, the conventional optical-model potential simulates the coupling effects rather well. At lower energies (E≲,50 MeV), coupled-channels effects can be quite significant and the problem is made worse by difficulties regarding the treatment of intermediate channels.
Restructuring Regulatory Review of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Under California’s Proposition 65: Lessons from the Review of BPA

This article proposes a redesign of the regulatory process, especially as it relates to the review of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, under California’s Proposition 65 -- a “public right to know law” of national significance. Drawing lessons from the Proposition 65 review of bisphenol A (BPA), this article proposes a redesign of the chemical listing process that would require the regulatory agency to adopt rules and require findings of fact to increase transparency and accountability. In the face of significant advocacy science fueling well-represented industry opposition, and without full disclosure of conflicts of interest, the current regulatory framework in California assigns a mountain of review work to an inadequately specialized, part-time committee. With no clear standards and little time, the committee is assigned mixed questions of law and science where significant policy decisions are quietly hidden behind purportedly scientific conclusions. Rules are needed to increase transparency by creating an honest demarcation between policy and science so that the public may take action as necessary to further public policy objectives. Rules are also needed to set standards by which to critically evaluate conflicts of interest and advocacy science, and to require that warning labels identify the specific chemical and potential exposure. This article proposes to open a public rulemaking process that would include highly trained and specialized scientists and ultimately create a more specialized review board.
Relativistic Multiple Scattering Theory for Space Filling Potentials

We derive a relativistic full potential multiple scattering theory (MST) in direct analog to the non-relativistic full potential MST[{xc1}, {xc2}]. The secular equation is derived fromi the Lippmann-Schwinger equation by expanding the wave function in terms of cell basis functions which are locally exact solutions of the Dirac equation. The relationship between this theory and currently widely used relativistic munffin-tin MST is also discussed.
Probability Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Level from Aquatic Food in Shanghai Residents

[Objective]To evaluate cadmium intake from aquatic food and its health risks in Shanghai by investigating cadmium concentration and the dietary consumption of aquatic food.[Methods]A total of 428 aquatic food samples were collected by stratified random sampling method and determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.A food frequency questionnaire was designed to collect information on aquatic food intake in 2630 Shanghai residents recruited by multistage stratified random sampling method.Cadmium exposure level was calculated using dietary intake assessment model and Crystal Ball software.[Results]The average concentration of cadmium in the aquatic food samples was 0.0383mg/kg,and the mean values in fresh-water fish,marine fish,crustacean,and mollusk were 0.0082,0.0168,0.0469,and 0.0910mg/kg,respectively.The mean values of daily consumption of fresh-water fish,marine fish,crustacean,and mollusk were 21.78,10.85,28.43,and 3.81g/d,respectively in selected residents.The participants with age of 18-34 years(young group) consumed more fresh-water fish(29.38g/d) and crustacean(39.37g),the participants with age of 35-59 years(middle-age group) ate more marine fish(15.96g).The consumptions of 4 aquatic food categories were low in the ≥60-year-old participants(elderly group) and 1-to 3-year-old infants.The 95% confidence interval of weekly cadmium intakes from aquatic food was 0.00-0.12mg.According to the probability assessment,4.80% of selected residents’ cadmium intakes exceeded provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI).The 97.5 percentiles of weekly cadmium intakes in the groups of infants,children,young,middle-aged,and elderly were 0.05,0.13,0.10,0.15,and 0.14mg,respectively.[Conclusion] Cadmium exposure levels from aquatic food are high in Shanghai residents,among whom 4.80% are at the risk of adverse health effects,especially infants and children.
Status analysis of friction materials contained nanometer powder used for clutch and brake in mechanical press

In this thesis,basic composition,classification,properties of friction materials used for clutch and braker in mechanical press methods are simply introduced.Shortcomings of traditional friction materials are analyzed.Current situation and advantages of friction materials contained nanometer powder are investigated.Mechanism improved friction properties is revealed.Kinds,Chemical component,preparation technics and equipment are expounded.operating principle,charge-discharge way are simply introduced.Size,proportion,properties improvement are analyzed.
Abstract 09: Laminin binding integrin copy number variations in distinct types of epithelial cancers

Background: The laminin binding integrin (LBI) family are adhesion molecules that are essential for invasion and metastasis of human epithelial cancers and cell adhesion mediated drug resistance. Our objective was to investigate whether copy number variation (CNV) of a five gene signature (ITGB4, ITGA3, LAMB3, PLEC and SYNE3) comprised of essential genes for laminin adhesion would correlate with the reported clinical outcome in human epithelial tumors. Methods: We investigated the relative alteration frequency of the CNV of integrin B4 (ITGB4), integrin A3 (ITGA3), laminin beta 3 chain (LAMB3), plectin (PLEC) and nesprin 3 (SYNE3) as a five gene signature independent of the epithelial cancer type using the publically available and published data. Provisional data was excluded from the analysis. We rank ordered the results using a 20% alteration frequency cut off and limited the analysis to studies containing at least 100 samples. The Kaplan Meier survival curves were analyzed to determine any alterations in patient survival in terms of months. Results: Eight different cancer types representing 1,985 samples, contained at least a 20% alteration frequency of the five gene signature. The frequency of alteration ranged from 32.2% to 22.9% with the rank order (highest to lowest) as skin cutaneous melanoma, ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, breast invasive carcinoma and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Within the gene signature, PLEC was the most commonly altered followed by LAMB3, ITGB4, ITGA3 and SYNE3 across all eight cancer types. Although specific mutations occurred in PLEC, amplification was the most common feature. Within a cancer type, there was little overlap of the individual amplified genes with the specific case, suggesting different specific amplicons may alter the LBI adhesion structures. Of the eight cancer types, a significant alteration in survival was indicated in bladder urothelial carcinoma (p=0.052714) with a median survival change of 19.02 to 24.28 months. Conclusions: A five gene signature was created representing the essential and genetically verified functional components of laminin binding integrins and their adhesion structures. The CNV signature of the laminin binding integrins may have prognostic and predictive significance depending on the type of epithelial cancer. These may be promising biomarkers but also rational targets for personalized therapy in selected epithelial tumors for preventing metastatic spread. (Supported in part by NIH grants CA 23074 and CA 159406) Citation Format: Erika Pond, William L. Harryman, Anne E. Cress. Laminin binding integrin copy number variations in distinct types of epithelial cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Integrating Clinical Genomics and Cancer Therapy; Jun 13-16, 2015; Salt Lake City, UT. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(1_Suppl):Abstract nr 09.
Free fructose in human cerebrospinal fluid

The presence of free fructose in human cerebrospinal fluid has been demonstrated by enzymatic analysis and high voltage paper electrophoresis. In 39 of 40 patients the cerebrospinal fluid fructose concentration exceeded that in plasma. A linear correlation (r = + 0.88) was observed between cerebrospinal fluid fructose and glucose concentrations. Present evidence suggests that neural tissues are the source of cerebrospinal fluid fructose, and that fluctuations in cerebrospinal fluid fructose concentration mirror fluctuations in the neural concentrations of this hexose. These observations suggest that increased activity of the sorbitol pathway may exist in the neural tissues of patients with diabetes mellitus similar to that recently observed in tissue from animals with experimental diabetes.
Rapid modeling tools for energy analysis of modular data centers

The data center industry currently focuses on initiatives to reduce its enormous energy consumption and minimize its adverse environmental impact. Modular data centers provide considerable operational flexibility in that they are mobile, and are manufactured using standard containers. This study aims at developing steady-state energy and exergy destruction models for modular data centers using EnergyPlus. Three different cooling approaches have been studied: direct expansion cooling, direct evaporative cooling, and free air cooling. This work shows that for hot and arid climates like those in South-West USA, augmenting DX cooling with evaporative and free-air cooling can result in energy savings of up to 38% and 36% respectively. Via exergy destruction calculations, it has been shown that the server inlet-outlet temperature difference is the biggest cause of exergy destruction and by using these passive cooling techniques, data centers can operate at lower temperatures to minimize wasted potential while maintaining PUE values.
RECTANGULAR COORDINATES IN THREE DIMENSIONS

This chapter focuses on rectangular coordinate system, its distance formula, planes parallel to the coordinate planes, and direction angles of a directed line. It describes the rectangular coordinate system by drawing three mutually perpendicular directed lines through a common point O called the origin and assigns directions on these lines. These lines are called coordinate axes, and each pair of them determines a coordinate plane. These three coordinate axes are traditionally called the x axis, the y axis, and the z axis. The coordinate planes are referred to as the xy plane, the xz plane, and the yz plane. The position of a point P is described by its three directed distances ( x, y, z ) from each of the coordinate planes. Once the coordinate system is chosen, each ordered set of three numbers uniquely locates a point and conversely, each point has a unique set of coordinates.