cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
YouServ: a web-hosting and content sharing tool for the masses

YouServ is a system that allows its users to pool existing desktop computing resources for high availability web hosting and file sharing. By exploiting standard web and internet protocols (e.g. HTTP and DNS), YouServ does not require those who access YouServ-published content to install special purpose software. Because it requires minimal server-side resources and administration, YouServ can be provided at a very low cost. We describe the design, implementation, and a successful intranet deployment of the YouServ system, and compare it with several alternatives.
Differential roles of hypoxia inducible factor subunits in multipotential stromal cells under hypoxic condition

Cell therapy with bone marrow multipotential stromal cells (MSCs) represents a promising approach to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. MSCs expanded in vitro lose early progenitors with differentiation and therapeutic potentials under normoxic condition, whereas hypoxic condition promotes MSC self-renewal through preserving colony forming early progenitors and maintaining undifferentiated phenotypes. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway is a crucial signaling pathway activated in hypoxic condition. We evaluated the roles of HIFs in MSC differentiation, colony formation, and paracrine activity under hypoxic condition. Hypoxic condition reversibly decreased osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Decrease of osteogenic differentiation depended on HIF pathway; whereas decrease of adipogenic differentiation depended on the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR), but not HIFs. Hypoxia-mediated increase of MSC colony formation was not HIF-dependent also. Hypoxic exposure increased secretion of VEGF, HGF, and basic FGF in a HIF-dependent manner. These findings suggest that HIF has a limited, but pivotal role in enhancing MSC self-renewal and growth factor secretions under hypoxic condition.
State-Directed Development: The Colonial Origins of a Modern Political Economy: The Japanese Lineage of Korea's Cohesive-Capitalist State

A full account of South Korea's economic dynamism in the second half of the twentieth century must begin with developments in the first half of the century. The argument is that the Japanese colonial influence on Korea, from 1905 to 1945, was important in shaping a modern political economy that later evolved into a high-growth path to development. Japanese colonialism differed in important respects from European colonialism. As late developers, the Japanese made extensive use of state power for their own economic development and then used the same state power to pry open and transform Korea in a relatively short period. The Japanese colonial impact was thus more intense, more brutal, and deeply architectonic in comparison with European colonialism. It also left Korea with three and a half decades of economic growth (the average annual growth rate in production was more than 3 percent). When judged against the standards of such other colonial economies as India and Nigeria (though not Brazil, which had also experienced significant economic growth by midcentury), the result was a relatively advanced level of industrialization. More specifically, the colonial origins of three patterns that we now readily associate with the South Korean “model” are traced below. First, I discuss how the Korean state was transformed under Japanese influence from a relatively corrupt and ineffective agrarian bureaucracy into a highly authoritarian, penetrating organization, capable of controlling and transforming Korean society.
Evaluation of hawthorn extract on immunomodulatory biomarkers in a pressure overload model of heart failure

BACKGROUND Hawthorn extract (Crataegeus sp.) a botanical complementary and alternative medicine is often used to treat heart failure. The mechanism(s) by which hawthorn extract may treat heart failure is unknown but may include, theoretically, immunological effects. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of hawthorn extract on the immunomodulatory response in a pressure overload model of heart failure. MATERIAL/METHODS A total of 62 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to either aortic constriction + vehicle (AC; n=15), aortic constriction + hawthorn 1.3 mg/kg (HL, n=17), aortic constriction + hawthorn 13 mg/kg (HM, n=15), or aortic constriction + hawthorn 130 mg/kg (HH, n=15). Six months after surgical procedure animals were sacrificed and plasma samples obtained for the measurement of the following immunomodulatory markers: interleukin (IL) IL-1ss, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10; and leptin. RESULTS The mortality rate following 6 months of aortic constriction was 40% in the AC group compared to 41%, 60%, and 53% for the HL, HM, and HH groups respectively (P>0.05 compared to AC). Aortic constriction produced a similar increase in the left ventricle/body weight ratio for all groups. Hawthorn extract had no effect on the immunomodulatory markers measured in this study, although there appeared to be a trend suggesting suppression of IL-2 plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS In this animal model of heart failure, hawthorn extract failed to significantly affect the immunomodulatory response characterized after 6 months of pressure overload at a time when approximately 50% mortality was exhibited. Mechanisms other than immunological may better define hawthorn's effect in treating heart failure.
Social networking

IN this issue of EMR we look at the emergence of social networks that stem from modern communication tools. Driven by a need to share and collaborate, social networking is rapidly becoming a dominant way that we work with our colleagues, interact with our family, and conduct business transactions. The form that social networking tools and software have taken is not really what we expected when digital networks were designed and constructed. The speed that these tools have been adopted eclipses anything we've ever designed. Hardware design is increasingly driven by thinking about how a device will fit into existing social network systems.
Basis function sampling: a new paradigm for material property computation.

Wang--Landau sampling, and the associated class of flat histogram simulation methods have been remarkably helpful for calculations of the free energy in a wide variety of physical systems. Practically, convergence of these calculations to a target free energy surface is hampered by reliance on parameters which are unknown a priori. Here, we derive and implement a method built upon orthogonal functions which is fast, parameter-free, and (importantly) geometrically robust. The method is shown to be highly effective in achieving convergence. An important feature of this method is its ability to attain arbitrary levels of description for the free energy. It is thus ideally suited to in silico measurement of elastic moduli and other material properties related to free energy perturbations. We demonstrate the utility of such applications by applying our method to calculate the Frank elastic constants of the Lebwohl--Lasher model of liquid crystals.
Abstract A063: Targeting the CCL2 chemokine pathway in breast tumors through intratumoral delivery of calcium cross linked TAT peptide: siRNA complexes

Increased expression of CCL2 correlates with poor patient survival and development of invasive breast cancer. CCL2 regulates mammary tumor progression by recruitment of tumor promoting macrophages. Our laboratory and others have shown that CCL2 signaling mediates stromal: tumor interactions to regulate breast cancer cell survival, invasion and metastasis. While the CCL2 signaling represents a novel and potentially effective therapeutic target in invasive breast cancer, it is necessary to develop new tools to specifically inhibit CCL2 signaling in vivo. siRNA knockdown could specifically target CCL2, but is unstable and toxic when delivered in vivo. The HIV-1 derived TAT peptide penetrates cell plasma membranes at high efficiency and contains nuclear translocation signals to enhance siRNA delivery to the nucleus. Recent studies from our research team have shown that CaCl2 condenses TAT/nucleic acids to nanoparticles facilitating cellular uptake. The goals of these studies are to design TAT nanoparticle formulas to target CCL2 protein expression in breast tumors. Using an in vitro luciferase reporter system, we identified specific N/P (TAT:siRNA) ratios and CaCl2 concentrations that would efficiently deliver siRNAs to PyVmT mammary tumor cells. Utilizing a novel ex vivo mammary tumor system, TAT/CaCl2 nanocomplexes carrying GFP plasmid or Cy3 labeled siRNAs were then injected into PyVmT mammary tumors. We observed visible GFP expression and Cy3 labeled siRNA uptake in over 50% of the PyVmT mammary tumor. Flow cytometry analysis showed that low N/P ratio resulted in efficient TAT/CaCl2/siRNA nanoparticle uptake in tumor epithelial cells. Normal mammary tissues did not show significant uptake of TAT nanoparticles. CCL2 knockdown was observed in tumor epithelial cells, but not stromal cells as determined by flow cytometry. Similar results were observed in cultured cells. At low N/P ratio, PyVmT tumor cells showed a 50% reduction in CCL2 expression upon delivery of TAT/CaCl2 nanoparticles carrying CCL2 siRNAs, while there was no significant effect on stromal cells as determined by ELISA. Downregulation of CCL2 in the tumor cells significantly decreased proliferation as determined by flow cytometry analysis. Importantly, treatment with TAT/siRNA nanoparticle did not significantly affect viability of normal cells. These data indicate this nanoparticle strategy represents a novel, feasible approach to target the CCL2 signaling in breast cancer, with important implications on therapeutic targeting. Citation Format: Wei Bin Fang, Nabil Alhakamy, Cory Berkland, Nikki Cheng. Targeting the CCL2 chemokine pathway in breast tumors through intratumoral delivery of calcium cross linked TAT peptide: siRNA complexes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A063.
Systematic Status of Kangaroo Mice, Genus Microdipodops: Morphometric, Chromosomal, and Protein Analyses

The systematic status of Microdipodops megacephalus and M. pallidus is investigated at the genic, karyotypic, and morphologic levels at a purported hybrid zone. Instances of hybridization are shown to be either nonexistent or present at extremely low levels (≼0.6%), and full specific status of the two taxa is affirmed. Amounts of genic variability and polymorphism are approximately equal for the species (H = 0.064) and fall well within the range observed for other vertebrate species. Estimates of the timing of the speciation event, based upon allozymic data, range from 1.2 to 6 million years before present. Possible means of ecological separation of the two sibling species in sympatry are suggested.
175 EARLY PEAK RESPIRATORY SEVERITY SCORE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA

Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major complication of prematurity, but the ability to predict which infants with a given birth weight or gestational age will experience this morbidity remains poor. We consider whether a physiologic marker of respiratory status between 4 and 10 days after birth, the PRSS (mean airway pressure × FiO 2 ), can also serve as an early predictor of BPD. Methods We studied infants Results 332 patients from the NO CLD trial and 194 from the TRH trial required CPAP or mechanical ventilation between days 4 and 10 after birth. The mean birth weight was 748 6 124 g and gestational age was 25 6 2.5 weeks. 308 (59%) developed BPD. Logistic regression models including birth weight and PRSS showed that the PRSS between 4 and 10 days was significantly associated with BPD using thresholds of both 3.5 [OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-2.8] and 4.0 [OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5-3.0]. Although birth weight alone was significantly associated with BPD (p=0.03), when PRSS was added to the model, birth weight was no longer significant. When gestational age was substituted for birth weight in the predictive models, PRSS remained significantly associated with the development of BPD. Both PRSS thresholds remained significantly associated with BPD when each trial was analyzed separately. Conclusions The PRSS that a ventilated infant reaches between 4 and 10 days after birth is a significant risk factor for occurrence of BPD. This finding emphasizes the role of early postnatal lung disease in the development of BPD. PRSS may be a useful clinical and research tool to identify infants at increased risk for BPD.
Incidence of Malignant Tumors in Fuyuan County of Yunnan Province in 2009

[Objective]To study the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of malignant tumors in Fuyuan County in 2009,and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.[Methods]Newly diagnosed cases of malignant tumors in Fuyuan County residents in 2009 were statistically analyzed,and the incidence,sequence,constitution and other indicators were calculated.[Results]Totally 638 cases of malignant tumors were reported in 2009,with the incidence of 89.94/ 100 000.The top 5 were lung cancer,stomach cancer,liver cancer,intracranial tumor and colorectal cancer;the incidence of malignant tumors among male patients were 100.82/ 100 000,the top 5 cancers among male patients were lung cancer,liver cancer,stomach cancer,intracranial tumor and colorectal cancer;among female the incidence was 78.95/ 100 000,the top 5 were lung cancer,stomach cancer,liver cancer,intracranial tumor and colorectal cancer.The incidence of malignant tumors increased with age.[Conclusion]The elderly population in Fuyuan County is the high risk group of malignant tumors.The major malignant tumor is lung cancer.The age of onset has become younger among both man and women.The control and prevention of malignant tumors should focus on lung cancer,stomach cancer and liver cancer,especially for female lung cancer.
Chemical composition of and Listeria monocytogenes survival in white pickled cheese

White pickled cheese was made from pasteurized milk with 8% salt and preserved in the whey at 4°C. About 5.0 log10 CFU/ml cells of Listeria monocytogenes were inoculated into milk, and the survival of the pathogen was studied during the storage period. The chemical composition of the cheese was also determined. L. monocytogenes were not inhibited by 8% salt, but lactic acid bacteria were unable to grow and produce acid to inhibit L. monocytogenes . During ripening, the pH never decreased below 6.0. While fat, protein, total solids, and ash contents decreased in curd during ripening, the acidity and salt did not change. In cheese whey, fat, protein, acidity, and salt showed a slight increase, while total solids and ash contents were unchanged.
Layered deformotion with radiance: a model for appearance, segmentation, registration, and tracking

This dissertation gives a general model for the estimation of shape (image segmentation), appearance, pose (image registration), and movement (tracking). The model can infer parameters for multiple objects in a dynamically changing scene. This of course has a number of real-world applications. In particular, in visual tracking, moving the camera to keep objects of interest in the field of view may cause the background to move. The objects can move and deform in three dimensions, but they must be captured in two-dimensional images. Each component of the image is represented by a separate layer: one for the background and a layer for each foreground object. Each layer has three components: a contour that bounds the region of the layer, a smooth function that represents the object's appearance, and a transformation that maps that layer into an image. The segmentation for each layer is a contour (embedded as the zero level set of a distance function) that is the average shape of the object computed from multiple images. The smooth function associated with a layer approximates the image data inside the contour, after the contour has been mapped into the image by a similarity transformation (rigid component) plus a vector field (non-rigid component). A very practical application of having this model is that one can fix the size of a layer and then construct priors on both shape and appearance for that layer. These priors are constructed using principal components analysis (PCA) which reduces the dimensionality of the image-approximating smooth function and the vector field (non-rigid registration) and allows for more accurate modeling of an object for that layer.
Psychology’s Relation to Biology: Qualitatively Distinct Levels

Biology is construed as a broad substratum which is necessary for psychology but which does not strictly determine it. This model of ‘relative autonomy’ is supported by evidence from human genetics, neurophysiology, sexual behavior, and aggression. Psychology’s relative autonomy is contrasted with animal behavior and neonatal activity, and is shown to be the source of our creativity, freedom, intelligence, individuality, and culture.
Siegfried Sassoon: the Legacy of the Great War

At the conclusion of the Great War, there was little doubt as to whom the mantle of the greatest living soldier-poet should fall: Captain Siegfried Sassoon of the Royal Welch Fusiliers had spoken more effectively than any of his contemporaries about the horrors facing the ordinary soldier in this war, which had exploded any conceptions of chivalry and left over 18 million bodies in the trenches of the Somme, the mountain passes of Italy, the steppes of Russia and the poppy fields of Belgium. Wounded painfully in the shoulder while fruitlessly leading his company of infantry into the centre of German machine gun emplacements in April of 1917, Sassoon was moved to a London hospital at Denmark Hill where he scribbled in his diary the following lines, entitled To The War Mongers’: I am back again from hell, With loathsome thoughts to sell; Secrets of death to tell; And horrors from the abyss. Young faces bleared with blood, Sucked down in the mud, You shall hear things like this, Till the tormented slain Crawl round and once again, With limbs that twist awry Moan out their brutish pain, As the fighters pass them by. For you our battles shine With triumph half-divine; And the glory of the dead Kindles in each proud eye. But a curse is on my head, That shall not be unsaid, And the wounds in my heart are red, For I have watched them die. (Diary, I, 158–9)
The Case for an Active Fiscal Policy in the Developed World

In this world of zero interest rates, fiscal policy has to contribute to support aggregate demand. A well-designed expansionary fiscal policy can contribute to better economic outcomes in three ways. First, it could boost potential growth by investing in activities that raise productivity. Second, it could help monetary policy become more effective by increasing the supply of government bonds and raising the equilibrium real interest rate. Third, it would help reduce income inequality.
Join the Club: How the Domestic NGO Sector Induces Participation in the Covenant of Mayors Program

How does strength of domestic NGOs influence participation in the Covenants of Mayors program? Launched by the European Commission in 2008, this program invites local and regional authorities to vo...
Household Mobility in America Overview and Conclusion

General understandings about the causes, correlates, and consequences of household mobility are, in part, a function of how it is studied. This chapter outlines several methodological issues currently confronting mobility researchers. Directions for future research are also discussed in the context of the research and literature covered in previous chapters. Lastly, the main points of each chapter are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of the life course perspective as a guiding framework for the holistic study of household mobility.
Relational Pluralism in Boards of Directors: A Multidimensional View

This study focuses on corporate governance effectiveness on firm performance via a relational perspective. I adapt a relational pluralistic perspective of the board to empirically examine multiple facets of director ties, identities, power relations, and networks and their effect on firm performance. This relational view of the board extends the current understanding of director behavior by aggregating director relationships on multiple relational dimensions. I also modify the existing relational pluralism model to be used specifically for the board literature. I establish the construct validity of my multi- dimensional conceptualization of board relational pluralism using panel data on listed Chinese firms between 2007 and 2010. I also establish predictive effect of relational pluralism on firms’ accounting and market performance.
Control of Chemo-, Regio-, and Enantioselectivity in Copper Hydride Reductions of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts

Nonracemically ligated copper hydride can be used to effect tandem SN2′/1,2-reductions of racemic Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) acetates to access enantioenriched chiral allylic alcohols with defined olefin geometry. MBH esters, including those with β-substitution, can be transformed to stereodefined enoates by taking advantage of a bulky, oligomeric, in situ generated trialkoxysiloxane leaving group. Finally, an atypical conversion of easily arrived at MBH alcohol derivatives to nonracemic allylic alcohols is disclosed.
The Current State of Macrolide Resistance in Campylobacter spp.: Trends and Impacts of Resistance Mechanisms.

Campylobacter spp., especially Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli , are leading bacterial foodborne pathogens worldwide. In the United States, an estimated 0.8 million cases of campylobacteriosis occur annually, mostly involving C. jejuni. Campylobacteriosis is generally self-limiting but in severe cases treatment with antibiotics may be mandated. Increasing incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter has rendered macrolides like erythromycin and azithromycin the drugs of choice for human campylobacteriosis. Prevalence of macrolide resistance in C. jejuni remains low, but can be common in C. coli . Substitutions in the 23S rRNA gene, specifically A2075G, and less frequently A2074C/G, remain the most common mechanism for high-level resistance to macrolides. In C. jejuni , resistance mediated by such substitutions is accompanied by reduced ability to colonize chickens and other fitness costs, potentially contributing to the low incidence of macrolide resistance. Interestingly, similar fitness impacts have not been noted in C. coli . Also noteworthy is a novel mechanism first reported in 2014 in C. coli from China and mediated by erm (B) harbored on multidrug-resistance genomic islands. Incidence of erm (B) appears to reflect clonal expansion of certain strains and whole-genome sequencing has been critical to the elucidation of erm (B)-associated macrolide resistance in Campylobacter spp. Except for one report from Spain, erm (B)-mediated macrolide resistance has been restricted to Campylobacter, mostly C. coli , of animal and human origin from China. If erm (B)-mediated macrolide resistance does not confer fitness costs in C. jejuni the range of this gene may expand in C. jejuni , threatening to compromise treatment effectiveness of severe campylobacteriosis cases.
High dose radioimmunotherapy in malignant lymphoma.

Use of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis of malignancy has been under investigation for a number of years with variable success. The natural outgrowth of these investigations has been attempts to use radiolabeled antibodies for therapy. Development of radioimmunotherapy clinical trials has also been slow in all aspects of malignancy. However, the best results have been achieved in hematologic malignancies (Press et al. 1993; Kaminski et al. 1990). The highest response rates have been observed in those studies using antibodies directed against malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Our use of radiolabeled antibodies in lymphoma treatment is described in this article, with emphasis on high-dose protocols.
Agency Coordination of Private Action: The Role of Relational Contracting

This symposium Article explores the previously overlooked role of relational contracting in forming and maintaining public-private partnerships. Relational contracting generally describes firms using formal but legally non-binding agreements to collaborate on shared objectives. Why do parties invest in forming elaborate contracts that they do not—and cannot—enforce in court? Contract theory suggests that the very act of contracting is relationship-building; it generates commitment, trust, cooperation, a win-win philosophy, and strengthened communication. Writing down goals and intentions allows parties to clarify expectations while maintaining flexibility for unforeseen conditions. This Article demonstrates that agencies also use relational contracting—creating unenforceable written agreements to build relationships with external actors. To shed light on agencies’ use of relational contracting, this Article provides a novel review of the recovery planning process required by the Endangered Species Act. A surprising finding emerges: private groups are providing cru- cial resources and logistical support to prevent the extinction of endangered species. Tribes, states, nongovernmental organizations, and sportsmen’s groups are providing necessary resources to further agency action. By orches- trating private action through recovery planning documents, the agency can garner the resources necessary to undertake species translocations, which it could not unilaterally facilitate. Although the plans are not judicially enforceable, they nevertheless play a coordinating and commitment-generating role in facilitating private actors to engage in recovery efforts. This example high-lights the broader trend of relational contracting building and formalizing re-lationships between agency and non-agency actors. Environmental impact statements, forest management plans, and recovery plans for endangered species are all examples of such “relational contracts” governing inter-agency and private-public collaborations. Viewed in this light, seemingly prosaic planning documents are, in fact, a crucial component in facilitating many agency collaborations. Descriptively, this account adds institutional detail to literatures on new governance and public-private partnerships. Normatively, it raises questions about whether the benefits of contracting offsets the potential distributional inequities and mechanisms to shroud government actions created by the practice.
Low-cost optical sensor to automatically monitor and control biomass concentration in microalgal cultivation

Abstract Low productivity of microalgal cultures leads to a high cost of the fuel feedstock. Turbidostat operation, which automatically monitors and controls biomass density, is a mean to manage biomass density and internal light intensity, so that biomass productivity can be maximized. Available versions of turbidostat control are expensive and not amenable to large-scale operation. We designed a system that costs less than $250 and that can be used for any type of microbiological system. It includes an in-line, infrared turbidity sensor connected to an Arduino ATmega microcontroller and auxiliary power replays. The target biomass density is adjustable, and key operating data – such as time stamps, pump status, and set and measured values of biomass density – are available in real time and logged continuously. The sensor's output was linear for OD730 from 0.5 to 4.5, which brackets the realistic ranges for microalgae culturing. We tested the turbidostat with step-down and step-up experiments with Synechocystis cultures. The turbidostat maintained stable biomass concentrations for all steps. The results of the turbidostat experiments demonstrated how turbidity control leads to systematic management of average internal light intensity, specific growth rate, and biomass production rate. This open-design, low-cost system should promote higher productivity and help make microalgae biomass an affordable fuel feedstock.
M-Matrix Theory and Recent Results in Numerical Linear Algebra

Publisher Summary The theory of M-matrices provides fundamental tools in the analysis of problems in numerical linear algebra, particularly in the iterative solution of large sparse systems of linear equations. The theory of M-matrices continues to be the underlying theme, whether directly or indirectly, for many recent contributions in numerical linear algebra. This chapter presents a few equivalent conditions for an H-matrix and also discusses the way in which those conditions relate to recent results in literature. It also reviews the concept of generalized column diagonal dominance, strict irreducible diagonal dominance, semi-strict diagonal dominance, and lower semi-strict diagonal dominance.
Stream ecosystem response to, and recovery from, experimental exposure to selenium

The effects of selenium on streamecosystems were studied in outdoor,experimental stream mesocosms during a dosingperiod in which sodium selenite was added atnominal concentrations of 30 µg/L,10 µg/L, and 2.5 µg/L. The durationof the high, medium, and low treatments were573 d, 972 d, and 311 d, respectively. Apost-dosing period of three years (hightreatment) and two years (medium, lowtreatments) also was studied. Seleniumconcentrations in water, sediment, plants, andmacroinvertebrates were measured throughoutthe dosing and recovery periods. Fatheadminnows and bluegill sunfish were periodicallyheld in the streams to measure seleniumaccumulation and its effects on fish survivaland reproduction. Quantitative samples ofmacroinvertebrates were collected to assessselenium effects on macroinvertebratecommunities.
Survey of art Teacher Educators: Qualifications, Identity, and Practice

A survey conducted in the fall of 2006 on the National Art Education Association Higher Education Listserv yielded rich demographic information about the contexts, preparation, and values of 100 higher education art educator volunteer participants. The academic credentials of art educator participants, along with hiring and promotion practices in higher education, are presented in this descriptive study. Comparisons of art teacher educators’ perceptions of their professional identity, the time they invest in their professional activities, and their professional priorities are contrasted with their perceptions of their institutions’ values. The issues participants considered most critical to art teacher preparation and future concerns for the field are discussed.
Abstract 11635: Multisite Ventricular Pacing Using an Optimization Protocol in Postoperative Single Ventricle Patients

Ventricular dyssynchrony has been associated with patient morbidity and mortality following single ventricle (SV) palliation. Temporary multisite ventricular pacing (MSVP) may improve hemodynamics in these children. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of MSVP after SV palliation. Methods: We assessed MSVP in the ICU in the first 24 hours after SV palliation. During surgery, two unipolar pacing leads were placed on the right atrium and four bipolar pacing leads were placed on standardized sites of the SV. Atrioventricular pacing was optimized for mean arterial pressure (MAP) using a protocol which tests, in random order: 1) 11 combinations of the four SV pacing sites, 2) 6 atrioventricular delays (50 to 150 msec) and 3) 14 intraventricular delays. In a final comparison, MAP was measured during the following, in random order: 1) optimized multisite bipolar pacing (BiP), 2) optimized multisite unipolar pacing (UniP), 3) optimized single-site pacing (AV), and 4) intrinsic rhythm (NoP). Each patient served as his/her own control. Linear mixed effects model was used for analysis. Results: Seventeen pediatric patients were studied. Pacing increased MAP in all three configurations vs. NoP: 2.2% from 67.7 ± 2.4 (SEM) mmHg to 69.2 ± 2.5 (p=0.013) with BiP, 2.8% from 67.7 mmHg ± 2.4 to 69.6 ± 2.7 (p=0.002) with UniP, and 2.1% from 67.7 ± 2.4 to 69.1 ± 2.5 (p=0.020) with AV. Echocardiographic evaluation of fractional area change (FAC) in 9 patients revealed an increase with UniP vs. NoP from 32.0% ± 3.1 to 36.0% ± 4.2 (p=0.024). FAC during MSVP and AV was not significantly different from NoP. There were no study related adverse events. Conclusion: This is the first study of MSVP optimization in children in the early postoperative period following SV palliation. Results confirm feasibility and safety of bedside optimization, with an increase in MAP and FAC. A larger, randomized trial is necessary to determine whether this hemodynamic improvement results in clinical benefit.
PLAIDOH: a novel method for functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs identifies cancer-specific LncRNA activities

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exhibit remarkable cell-type specificity and disease association. LncRNA’s functional versatility includes epigenetic modification, nuclear domain organization, transcriptional control, regulation of RNA splicing and translation, and modulation of protein activity. However, most lncRNAs remain uncharacterized due to a shortage of predictive tools available to guide functional experiments. To address this gap for lymphoma-associated lncRNAs identified in our studies, we developed a new computational method, Predicting LncRNA Activity through Integrative Data-driven ‘Omics and Heuristics (PLAIDOH), which has several unique features not found in other methods. PLAIDOH integrates transcriptome, subcellular localization, enhancer landscape, genome architecture, chromatin interaction, and RNA-binding (eCLIP) data and generates statistically defined output scores. PLAIDOH’s approach identifies and ranks functional connections between individual lncRNA, coding gene, and protein pairs using enhancer, transcript cis-regulatory, and RNA-binding protein interactome scores that predict the relative likelihood of these different lncRNA functions. When applied to ‘omics datasets that we collected from lymphoma patients, or to publicly available cancer (TCGA) or ENCODE datasets, PLAIDOH identified and prioritized well-known lncRNA-target gene regulatory pairs (e.g., HOTAIR and HOX genes, PVT1 and MYC), validated hits in multiple lncRNA-targeted CRISPR screens, and lncRNA-protein binding partners (e.g., NEAT1 and NONO). Importantly, PLAIDOH also identified novel putative functional interactions, including one lymphoma-associated lncRNA based on analysis of data from our human lymphoma study. We validated PLAIDOH’s predictions for this lncRNA using knock-down and knock-out experiments in lymphoma cell models. Our study demonstrates that we have developed a new method for the prediction and ranking of functional connections between individual lncRNA, coding gene, and protein pairs, which were validated by genetic experiments and comparison to published CRISPR screens. PLAIDOH expedites validation and follow-on mechanistic studies of lncRNAs in any biological system. It is available at https://github.com/sarahpyfrom/PLAIDOH .
Strong neuron-to-body coupling implies weak neuron-to-neuron coupling in motor cortex.

Cortical neurons can be strongly or weakly coupled to the network in which they are embedded, firing in sync with the majority or firing independently. Both these scenarios have potential computational advantages in motor cortex. Commands to the body might be more robustly conveyed by a strongly coupled population, whereas a motor code with greater information capacity could be implemented by neurons that fire more independently. Which of these scenarios prevails? Here we measure neuron-to-body coupling and neuron-to-population coupling for neurons in motor cortex of freely moving rats. We find that neurons with high and low population coupling coexist, and that population coupling was tunable by manipulating inhibitory signaling. Importantly, neurons with different population coupling tend to serve different functional roles. Those with strong population coupling are not involved with body movement. In contrast, neurons with high neuron-to-body coupling are weakly coupled to other neurons in the cortical population. Some cortical neurons fire together like a synchronized chorus, while others fire independently like soloists. Here, the authors show that soloist neurons in motor cortex tend to control body movements, while the choristers do not, and that soloists can become choristers by increasing inhibition.
Analysis of angular position, dimension and material of a cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester

AbstractThe performance of an angular vibrating single piezoelectric cantilever beam energy harvester in a flexural mode was analyzed. In this research the approaches of theory, finite element, and experiment have been undertaken to study the effects of angular position, mechanical properties, and dimensions on the output power and resonance frequency of a piezoelectric cantilever beam. The phase shift is an important phenomenon observed in this system because of the angular position of the beam about its longitudinal axis. Frequency shift due to the angular position is usually observed in experiments. However, it has not been studied theoretically until now. The angular position not only affects the resonance frequency but also the amount of output power from the lead zirconate titanate ceramic bonded on it. Furthermore, beam and piezoelectric dimensions have a major effect on power output and resonance frequency. Another aspect considered in this research is the effect of materials on power and frequenc...
Fraud in disaster: Rethinking the phases

Abstract This paper reexamines the link between disasters and crime to argue that the relationship between the two becomes more evident once the diachronic nature of the disaster is specified. The first section appraises the literature on crime and disaster and calls for more attention to this topic. The subsequent sections of the paper present multiple evidence for the occurrence of crimes and fraud in disasters and the results of preliminary empirical research using U.S. Department of Justice information on the reported white collar and other types of crimes occurring in the aftermath of the Katrina Hurricane and the British Petroleum Gulf Coast oil spill. The findings indicate that crimes and frauds occur during the earliest phases of disasters and that the probability for the occurrence of costlier crimes, akin to white-collar crime, increases, as time elapses. The conclusion calls for a reconceptualization of the phases of disasters.
Abstract 603: Differential Proteoform Regulation in Cardiac Aging

Background: The aging heart is prone to diseases and injuries, and is associated with changes in gene expression and alternative splicing. The goal of our study is to identify changes in protein is...
GAN-based synthetic brain PET image generation

In recent days, deep learning technologies have achieved tremendous success in computer vision-related tasks with the help of large-scale annotated dataset. Obtaining such dataset for medical image analysis is very challenging. Working with the limited dataset and small amount of annotated samples makes it difficult to develop a robust automated disease diagnosis model. We propose a novel approach to generate synthetic medical images using generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our proposed model can create brain PET images for three different stages of Alzheimer’s disease—normal control (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
Use of Single Cell RNA Sequencing to Discern Molecular Pathways of Fibrosis and Predicting Emergence of CLAD

Purpose CLAD occurs after airway epithelial cell damage in transplant. The mechanisms of fibrosis are poorly understood. Information of which genes are involved at a single-cell level is crucial. Challenges studying distal airway: 1) Microarray gene expression analysis is limited to pooling all cells in the sample, not single cells, adding uncertainty; and 2) Flow cytometry cannot identify specific epithelial cells. BAL has airway epithelial cells (AEC) and immune cells. The purposes of this pilot study are: 1) determine if AEC can be successfully analyzed with the single cell transcriptomic analysis on clinical BAL samples, 2) what cell populations are analyzed, 3) can rare cells be isolated? Methods 5 ml BAL samples were aliquoted from routine clinically scheduled graft monitoring procedures in 3 patients. Cells were washed in PBS, then plated onto array of picoliter wells. Beads bearing cell- and transcript-barcoding capture probes is added along single cell. Each mRNA within a cell is specifically labeled. cells lysed, mRNAs hybridize to beads, reverse transcribed, amplified, and sequenced. Results The digital gene expression profile for each cell is assigned to the cell of origin and quantified. Rare AECs were isolated, mphages abundant. Expression patterns from individual cells were quantified with DESeq to identify significant differences in molecular count data. DESeq groups data points that are similar (gene expression type and number of transcripts per gene) in the raw data, then presents them closely approximated to one another in 2D data space. Each cluster represents a cell type. Each point a single cell. Cells with similar HLA expression profiles are the same color. Figure 1 presents the results in a tSNE plot. The tables indicate gene expression data at single cell level. Conclusion In this pilot study, we discovered avenues of analysis applicable to clinical translational studies. Next-gen techniques are essential to gain the knowledge needed to counter CLAD and foster new therapeutics.
Three-dimensional Differential XYZ-Y Model for Processing Peasurements of Raman Spectra in the Identification of Gold Nanoparticles on Dielectrics

A system of three-dimensional differential correlation equations of the XYZ distribution ellipsoids was compiled and solved for determining gold nanoparticles on dielectric fibers during processing of Raman XY polarization spectra. A method for increasing the reliability of determining gold nanoparticles on polyester dielectric fibers is considered taking into account the longitudinal and transverse polarization of laser radiation in the entire spectrum range with the analysis of 2 peaks simultaneously in X and Y directions. When solving the system using non-linear quadratic and differential equations XYZ, Y-differentiation of the main equation is also carried out to compile the complete system of equations
Mutual information rate between stationary Gaussian processes

Abstract Mutual information rate is an extension of the notion of mutual information to pairs of stationary stochastic processes. This quantity is defined as the time-averaged mutual information between corresponding segments of a pair of stationary stochastic processes, as the segment length tends to infinity. The contribution of this paper is to establish fairly mild regularity conditions for the existence of mutual information rate between Gaussian processes, and to rigorously derive an explicit formula to express this quantity in terms of the power and cross-power spectral densities of these Gaussian processes.
Initial implementation of active learning strategies in large, lecture STEM courses: lessons learned from a multi-institutional, interdisciplinary STEM faculty development program

A faculty development program was implemented over four years at a 4-year regional comprehensive university and two partnering community colleges. This project was focused on improving student learning in introductory Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) courses at each institution, by helping faculty adopt inclusive, student-centered pedagogies. Survey data were combined with data from classroom videos, faculty interviews, and student questionnaires collected during the first two years of the project to give insight into how faculty initially implemented the theory and strategies they learned and how the students perceived instruction from participating faculty. These data sources were combined to generate four overall themes to characterize our project and guide future projects. These are: (1) implementation of student-centered learning took a variety of forms; (2) quality implementation of student-centered teaching practices lagged behind understanding of the theory behind those practices; (3) the most robust perceived barriers to implementation of student-centered teaching stayed constant, while more moderate barriers were ranked differently from year 1 to year 2; and (4) faculty perceptions of student-centered learning practices were not always the same as students’ perceptions. These themes build from the extant faculty development literature in that they are drawn from the unique context of a multidisciplinary, multi-institutional project, and that they represent an “on the ground” perspective from case studies combined with “big picture” findings from surveys. This paper describes the faculty development project, as well as our collection and interpretation of data from surveys and case studies, to ultimately develop the four themes. Recommendations deriving from these themes are also described. These include modeling a variety of pedagogies; adopting realistic expectations for faculty change; institutionalizing faculty development so it can take place over multiple years; being transparent with faculty about known barriers and aligning supports with those barriers; and helping faculty develop strategies for transparency with students about student-centered pedagogies.
Spectral estimation from simulations via sketching

Abstract Sketching is a stochastic dimension reduction method that preserves geometric structures of data and has applications in high-dimensional regression, low rank approximation and graph sparsification. In this work, we show that sketching can be used to compress simulation data and still accurately estimate time autocorrelation and power spectral density. For a given compression ratio, the accuracy is much higher than using previously known methods. In addition to providing theoretical guarantees, we apply sketching to a molecular dynamics simulation of methanol and find that the estimate of spectral density is 90% accurate using only 10% of the data.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Depression Symptoms and Perceived Anxiety Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Adults Reporting Tinnitus

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between tinnitus and self-reported mental health distress, namely, depression symptoms and perceived anxiety, in adults who participate...
Eye of the Beholder: Memory Recall Perspective Impacts Nostalgia's Influence on Positive Affect

Recalling memories for which one is nostalgic provides a host of psychological benefits, including promoting positive affect. The present research (N = 409) examined how memory recall perspective impacts this affective consequence of waxing nostalgic. Memory recall perspective research indicates that people show stronger affective engagement with memories recalled from a first person perspective (seeing the event through one's own eyes, as one experienced it) rather than a third person perspective (seeing the event as an outside observer may have). Results indicated that when participants recalled memories from a first person perspective, those who recalled an event for which they felt nostalgic reported higher positive affect compared to their counterparts who recalled an ordinary past event. However, when participants recalled memories from a third person perspective, those who recalled an event for which they felt nostalgic reported levels of positive affect that did not differ from participants who recalled an ordinary past event. This finding suggests that, when comparing nostalgic reverie to recalling an ordinary past event, the extent to which nostalgia serves as a well-spring of positive affect is partially impacted by memory recall perspective.