cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cation dependent conformations of brain CA2+-dependent regulator protein detected by nuclear magnetic resonance.

Abstract The 250MHz NMR spectrum of the brain Ca 2+ -dependent regulator protein was examined in the absence of cations and in the presence of Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ . The Ca 2+ -saturated regulator protein and Mg 2+ -saturated regulator protein exhibited several spectral differences in the aromatic and aliphatic regions of their spectra. Certain spectral changes observed to occur upon addition of metal ions are qualitatively similar to those which have been observed in the spectrum of skeletal troponin-C. These results suggest that the large sequence homology between skeletal troponin-C and the regulator protein results in similar conformational changes due to the binding of Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ .
The Current Status of Follow-Up Services for Childhood Cancer Survivors, Are We Meeting Goals and Expectations: A Report From the Consortium for New England Childhood Cancer Survivors

Background National guidelines for follow-up care of childhood cancer survivors have been established. It has not been determined if pediatric oncology programs have successfully incorporated these standards for long term survivor care into clinical practice. Methods To describe survivor services available in a geographically and socio-economically diverse region of the US we surveyed all 12 academic institutions with pediatric oncology programs in the New England (NE) region. Results Participating sites diagnose a median of 34 (range 10–250) new pediatric cancers annually. The 12 institutions have 11 survivor clinics. Clinics are staffed by: pediatric oncologists (11/11); nurse practitioners (7/11); social workers/psychologists (9/11); RNs (5/11); primary care physicians (3/11); and sub-specialists (3/11). Most clinics recommend annual follow-up for all survivors (7/11); however, point of entry into survivor programs is variable. Treatment summaries and care plans are part of survivor care at each program. Almost all (10/11) refer to sub-specialists to manage late effects. Only 4 programs identified a policy for transitioning survivors to adult care (2 to adult survivor programs, 2 to adult primary-care) and 4 reported this as a problem. Two clinics had no designated funding for survivor services; 8/11 receive institutional support; 5/11 philanthropic. Five institutions conduct research in survivorship (1 government-funded, 2 philanthropy-funded, and 2 both). Conclusions Pediatric oncology services in the NE region are making progress toward meeting follow-up care goals for childhood cancer survivors. Funding for resource intense programs, transitioning care to adult clinical services, volume of sub-specialty referral, and participation in research are common challenges. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57: 1062–1066. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia During Maintenance Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Therapy with Infliximab for Crohn’s Disease

Background: Clinical trials using infliximab have not reported cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), and PCP infection during standard medical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is uncommon. Postmarketing surveillance through June of 2001 has identified 10 cases of PCP occurring during treatment with infliximab; 3 patients died. Case History: A 19-year-old man with Crohn's colitis developed thrush, leukopenia, fever, shortness of breath, and dry cough 21 months after initiating maintenance therapy with azathioprine and infliximab. Azathioprine had been at a stable dose of 75 mg per day (1 mg/kg) and the patient had received his 14th infusion of infliximab 4 weeks prior to presentation. Evaluation revealed the presence of Pneumocystis carinii on induced sputum. Azathioprine was discontinued, and the patient improved after initiating treatment with steroids and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Follow-up 2 weeks later confirmed clinical response to therapy. Conclusions: This case report describes the uncommon occurrence of Pneumocystis pneumonia in the setting of maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease using infliximab and azathioprine. Mechanisms by which azathioprine and infliximab may impair the natural defense mechanisms against Pneumocystis are discussed.
Effect of ionic strength on the cation exchange capacity of some forest soils

Abstract Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the 0–5 cm depth of forest soils increased with the square root of solution ionic strength over the experimental range of 6 to 96 mM. Percentage increases in CEC were positively correlated with percentage organic carbon; for mixed hardwood forest soils, increases were 38% for soils with 3.3% carbon, and 105% for soils with 7.4% carbon when ionic strength was varied over the full experimental range. When analyzing soils with constant‐potential surfaces, both pH and ionic strength must be controlled, preferably at or near levels found in the field, in order to provide interpretable measures of CEC.
Inhalation of sidestream cigarette smoke accelerates development of arteriosclerotic plaques.

BACKGROUNDEnvironmental tobacco smoke has been blamed for approximately 40,000 excess deaths from heart disease annually in the United States. As yet, no pathophysiological process that could be responsible for these deaths has been identified. Environmental tobacco smoke is composed mainly of aged and diluted sidestream smoke but also contains 15% to 20% exhaled mainstream smoke. Carcinogens, including nitrosamines and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, are present in mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke. Carcinogen levels in sidestream smoke, unlike those in mainstream smoke, are not reduced in filtered cigarettes. The US Environmental Protection Agency has designated environmental tobacco smoke as a human (class A) carcinogen. In cockerels, subtumorigenic doses of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons carcinogens accelerate aortic arteriosclerotic plaque development.METHODS AND RESULTSTo determine whether sidestream smoke inhalation affects arteriosclerotic plaque development, we exposed cockerels to side...
Electrode fixation using a plastic adhesive, methyl-2-cyanoacrylate☆

Abstract A rapid method for fixation of electrodes to the dural or pial surface of the brain utilizing a rapidly polymerizing plastic has been presented.
The Measurement of Liver Circulation by Means of the Colloid Disappearance Rate I. Liver Blood Flow in Normal Young Men

A method for calculating the liver blood flow by means of the rate of disappearance of colloidal chromic phosphate from the blood has been reviewed. This method has been applied to the study of liver circulation in a group of 29 fasting normal men. The significance of the colloid disappearance rate constant as a physiologic expression of the liver blood flow has been discussed and the average value obtained for this constant in normal young men was 0.287 ± 0.007 min.–1 Extra hepatic colloid localization, hepatic efficiency for colloid removal, speed of mixing, and type and time of sampling have been discussed.
Variation in HTLV-I Sequences from Rabbit Cell Lines with Diverse in Vivo Effects

Abstract Comparison of nucleotide sequences determined for HTLV-I integrated provirus from two rabbit cell lines, RH/K30 and RH/K34, revealed greater than 99% identity to one another. Substitutions encoding amino acid interchanges were observed in the gag, pol, and rex regions whereas the env and tax proteins were identical in the two lines. Comparison with the human prototypic HTLV-I sequence revealed considerably more variation, especially in the vital envelope region where the rabbit sequences are identical. The HTLV-I lines differed in their potential to cause disease in rabbits: injection of the RH/K34 cell line caused human adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma-like (ATLL) disease which was fatal within 10 days, whereas all rabbits injected with the same or higher doses of RH/K30 survived with a low-grade leukemia that showed evidence of acute rejection. Correlation of lethality with viral sequence was tested by injection of rabbits with two other rabbit cell lines with HTLV-I provirus identical to RH/K34 in LTR, gag, and env regions. The fact that only one of these lines produced fatal disease suggests that pathogenic determinants lie outside of these regions or, alternatively, that the structure of the integrated virus is not the sole factor in the cell lines' ability to cause ATLL-like disease.
Fixprice analysis of labor-managed economies☆

Abstract The macroeconomics of labor-managed economies (LMEs) are investigated in the context of fixprice theory. Two models are constructed. In a traditional Ward LME, firms maximize profit per worker, and workers supply labor taking the wage rate as given. In a Sen LME, workers decide jointly on employment and leisure. In both cases fixprice equilibria exist and are unique, under reasonable assumptions. The three traditional regimes (Classical, Keynesian, and Inflationary) of traditional fixprice theory are possible in the Ward LME. In the simpler Sen LME the only possibilities are excess supply or demand for goods. A conjecture of Vanek and Meade is shown to be false in the context of either model: monetary and fiscal policies have the usual qualitative effects in the LME and in the profit-managed economies.
Phenol concentrations in air and rain water samples collected near a wood preserving facility.

Phenol concentrations were determined in air and rain water samples collected downwind from a coal tar creosote wood preserving facility in Terre Haute, IN. Coal tar creosote is known to contain a large number of constituents and is composed chiefly of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), phenols, and N-, S-, and O-heterocycles. Phenol was chosen as a marker compound for coal tar creosote emissions because it is present at a large mole fraction in coal tar creosote. Phenol was determined by HPLC with UV-Visible detection. Phenol in collected rain water samples was determined directly by HPLC after acidification and filtration. Phenol concentrations in collected air samples ranged from 4.1 to 15.7 {micro}g/m3 while rain water concentrations ranged from 7.9 to 28.2 {micro}g/L. Using a value for the thermodynamic Henry`s law constant of K{sub H} = 4.5 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} L atm/mole at 20 C for phenol and measured gas-phase phenol concentrations, even higher rain water concentrations would be expected if equilibrium was established. This indicates that the amount of phenol present in the air parcels sampled exceeded the amount that could be scavenged by rain drops under the conditions prevailing at the time of sampling. The values for phenol concentrations reportedmore » here are roughly two orders of magnitude higher than results from previous studies where phenol concentrations in air and rain water samples collected in urban areas were reported. It is likely that other more toxic constituents of coal tar creosote are also present at high concentrations in air parcels that receive emissions from wood treatment facilities.« less
Stage IVA Thymoma: Patterns of Spread and Surgical Management

Stage IVA disease can be de novo disease or more commonly represent recurrent disease. The pleura is the most common site of relapse after thymoma resection. Local pleural disease is usually simply resected. This is usually combined with either induction or adjuvant chemotherapy. The ultimate extended surgery for advanced thymic tumors is an extrapleural pneumonectomy done for extensive pleural disease. This rarely performed operation is done for both stage IVA disease found at initial presentation and for recurrent disease as a salvage procedure. Again, these advanced patients with pleural spread are probably best managed by induction chemotherapy followed by resection.
Individual differences in developmental precision and fluctuating asymmetry: a model and its implications

In many studies, fluctuating asymmetry (FA) has been used as a measure of individual differences in developmental imprecision. A model of how variation in developmental imprecision is associated with variation in asymmetry is described and applied to important issues about FA. If individual differences in developmental imprecision exist, asymmetry due to developmental error should be leptokurtically distributed. Moreover, the greater the magnitude of individual differences, the greater the leptokurtosis. Asymmetry purportedly due to developmental error in a variety of species is indeed leptokurtically distributed. The level of leptokurtosis suggests that the CV in individual differences in underlying developmental imprecision is generally 20–25, consistent with it being a fitness trait. In addition, data suggest that: (1) the individual differences that underlie the developmental imprecision of different traits are largely shared across traits and not trait-specific; (2) the heritability of these individual differences may average between 35 and 55%, despite small heritabilities of individual trait FAs; and (3) correlations between FA and fitness traits or components suggest high correlations between underlying variation in developmental precision and fitness in many species. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Performance differences on rejected takeoffs as a function of expectancy

Unexpected emergency situations in the aviation realm (e.g., rejected takeoffs) demand an immediate response from the pilot in order to avoid severe consequences. Commercial pilots receive extensive training on emergency maneuvers in simulators; however, on rare occasions pilots experience an unexpected event and perform poorly. We completed a series of studies aimed at investigating the effects of expectancy on performance for rejected takeoffs. We found that undergraduate students had a significant degradation in performance for unexpected rejected takeoffs. These results have implications for pilots who experience unexpected events on the line. Language: en
Transient expression of DNA and RNA in parasitic helminths by using particle bombardment

Parasitic helminths (worms belonging to several metazoan phyla) cause considerable morbidity and mortality in humans. They are an important veterinary problem, and they result in significant economic losses in animal grazing and agriculture. Experimental studies on parasitic helminths have been limited by a lack of parasite cell lines and methods for molecular genetic analyses. We evaluated particle bombardment (biolistics) as a strategy to introduce and express nucleic acids in these multicellular parasites. By using embryos of the parasitic nematode Ascaris as a model, we developed methods to introduce and express both DNA and RNA during several stages of Ascaris embryogenesis. Biolistic transfection will facilitate experimental strategies in Ascaris embryos complementing other biochemical tools available (e.g., in vitro whole-cell embryo extracts for transcription, RNA processing, and translation). Transfection experiments with adult schistosomes further suggest that the biolistic strategy should be applicable to a variety of other parasitic helminths. The development of these methods provides molecular genetic tools to study gene expression and the biology of a variety of types and developmental stages of important helminth parasites.
Mixed-Level Explanation

Explanations in physics commonly appeal to data drawn from different length or time scales, as when a “top-down” macroscopic constraint such as rigidity is used to evade the complexities one would confront in attempting to model the situation in a purely “bottom-up” fashion. Such techniques commonly embody rather complex shifts in explanatory strategy.
In vivo and in vitro phenotypic differences between Great Lakes VHSV genotype IVb isolates with sequence types vcG001 and vcG002

Abstract Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an aquatic rhabdovirus first recognized in farmed rainbow trout in Denmark. In the past decade, a new genotype of this virus, IVb was discovered in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin and has caused several massive die-offs in some of the 28 species of susceptible North American freshwater fishes. Since its colonization of the Great Lakes, several closely related sequence types within genotype IVb have been reported, the two most common of which are vcG001 and vcG002. These sequence types have different spatial distributions in the Great Lakes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the genotypic differences between representative vcG001 (isolate MI03) and vcG002 (isolate 2010-030 #91) isolates correspond to phenotypic differences in terms of virulence using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro infection of epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC), bluegill fry (BF-2), and Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE) cells demonstrated some differences in onset and rate of growth in EPC and BF-2 cells, without any difference in the quantity of RNA produced. In vivo infection of round gobies ( Neogobius melanostomus ) via immersion exposure to different concentrations of vcG001 or vcG002 caused a significantly greater mortality in round gobies exposed to 10 2 plaque forming units ml − 1 of vcG001. These experiments suggest that there are phenotypic differences between Great Lakes isolates of VHSV genotype IVb.
Comparison of osteopathic and allopathic medical schools’ support for primary care

OBJECTIVE: To contrast prevailing behaviors and attitudes relative to primary care education and practice in osteopathic and allopathic medical schools.
The Visibility of Stars in the Daylight Sky

From the theory of the passage of light through a telescope and into the eye, formulas are derived for the improvement in the visual threshold of a point source, as a star, viewed in a field of light, as the sky, in terms of telescope parameters, as magnification, transmission, and entrance and exit pupils. For fields of the brightness of the daylight sky the first parameter is the most important and the others are of less importance. Observations of artificial stars in the laboratory and of real stars in the daylight sky are given, which were in fair accord with the theory.Charts and tables are presented of the visual thresholds of stars in various parts of a clear daylight sky in terms of the stellar magnitude, the magnification of the telescope, the use of a polarizer, the altitude of the observer above the surface, and the altitude of the sun above the horizon.New data are given of extra-foveal thresholds of point sources in a field of brightness 360 ft.-c−2.
Wages of Virtue: The Relative Pay of Care Work

We examine the relative pay of occupations involving care, such as teaching, counseling, providing health services, or supervising children. We use panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth covering workers between 17 and 35 years of age. Care work pays less than other occupations after controlling for the education and employment experience of the workers, many occupation and industry characteristics, and (via individual fixed effects) unmeasured, stable characteristics of those who hold the jobs. Both men and women in care work pay this relative wage penalty. However, more women than men pay the penalty, since more women than men do this kind of work.
Adsorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate and trimethyl phosphate on calcium oxide: an ab initio study

Ab initio study of the adsorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) on three types of models simulating the calcium oxide surface (non-hydroxylated Ca4O4, completely hydroxylated Ca4O4(OH)2H2, and partially hydroxylated Ca4O4(OH)H) was performed. The target molecule and the surface hydroxyl groups were optimized while the CaO fragment was kept frozen. The intermolecular interactions were investigated applying Bader’s Atoms in Molecules theory. The maps of electrostatic potential of the studied adsorption systems were also produced. The interaction energies of studied adsorption systems corrected by the basis set superposition error were obtained. The most energetically favorable adsorption of DMMP and TMP was found at the configuration where the oxygen atoms of the P=O and methoxy groups point toward the Ca cation of the surface. The P atom points toward the O atom of the surface and forms a P–O chemical bond. This configuration was revealed for the non-hydroxylated and partially hydroxylated CaO-DMMP and CaO-TMP systems. The presence and number of surface hydroxyl groups on the CaO models play a key role in the adsorption of the studied compounds. DMMP and TMP were found to be much less stable on the completely hydroxylated CaO surface where they are adsorbed only via weak electrostatic interactions and H-bonding to the surface oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups. TMP was found to be slightly more stable on this type of surface than DMMP. The difference in stability is even larger if one compares this TMP system with the complex of tabun adsorbed on completely hydroxylated CaO surface model (Michalkova et al. Chem Phys Lett 438:72, 2007).
NEAT: Road Network Aware Trajectory Clustering

Mining trajectory data has been gaining significant interest in recent years. However, existing approaches to trajectory clustering are mainly based on density and Euclidean distance measures. We argue that when the utility of spatial clustering of mobile object trajectories is targeted at road network aware location based applications, density and Euclidean distance are no longer the effective measures. This is because traffic flows in a road network and the flow-based density characterization become important factors for finding interesting trajectory clusters of mobile objects travelling in road networks. In this paper, we propose NEAT-a road network aware approach for fast and effective clustering of spatial trajectories of mobile objects travelling in road networks. Our method takes into account the physical constraints of the road network, the network proximity and the traffic flows among consecutive road segments to organize trajectories into spatial clusters. The clusters discovered by NEAT are groups of sub-trajectories which describe both dense and highly continuous traffic flows of mobile objects. We perform extensive experiments with mobility traces generated using different scales of real road network maps. Our experimental results demonstrate that the NEAT approach is highly accurate and runs orders of magnitude faster than existing density-based trajectory clustering approaches.
Safety-basket suture for management of malpositioned posterior chamber intraocular lens

The safety-basket suture technique is used during surgical management of a malpositioned or subluxated posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) in post-vitrectomy eyes. The purpose of the safety suture is to prevent posterior dislocation of the IOL during repositioning. The technique has been used in 32 cases to date with no occurrence of IOL posterior luxation. The only complication was transient vitreous hemorrhage in 2 eyes. This technique provides increased safety in the management of malpositioned IOLs and can be used for secondary IOL implantation by suture or intrascleral fixation. Financial Disclosure Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Assessment of Mindfulness With the French Version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in Community and Borderline Personality Disorder Samples

This article explores mindfulness skills in community and borderline personality disorder (BPD) samples. Study 1 includes 173 community volunteers and explores the psychometric properties of the French version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS). Study 2 explores the KIMS factor structure in 130 BPD patients and compares KIMS scores of this sample with those of the community sample from Study 1. Study 3 investigates the changes in KIMS scores in a BPD sample (n = 82) treated with Intensive Dialectical Behavior Therapy (I-DBT). Results suggest that the psychometric properties of the French KIMS are comparable with those of the original version in the community and the BPD samples. Moreover, fewer mindfulness skills were found in BPD patients than in control participants. It was also observed that the ability to describe and to act with awareness increased in BPD patients after I-DBT. The present work makes a French instrument measuring mindfulness in daily activities available for clinical practice and research.
Digital LQR control scheme to maintain the separation distance of the NASA benchmark tetrahedron constellation

Abstract In previous papers, the authors developed an active control scheme based on the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) to maintain the separation distance constraints of the NASA benchmark tetrahedron constellation. Two different active control schemes were used to maintain the separation distance constraints, but one control scheme applied to every eccentricity of the NASA benchmark problem. Through this paper, the digital LQR strategy will be developed with this active control scheme to maintain the separation distance conditions of the tetrahedron constellation. The motion of a pair of satellites in an elliptical orbit about the Earth is defined by the linearized Tschauner–Hempel (TH) equations. These equations will be defined discretely in the true anomaly angle for the development of the digital control scheme. In summary, the digital LQR approach will be implemented and studied to determine how this active control scheme maintains the separation distance constraints for different specific sizes of the NASA benchmark tetrahedron constellation.
Condition index evolving profile library searches: gas chromatography—Fourier transform infrared spectrometry application

Abstract A procedure for library searching gas chromatography—Fourier transform infrared spectra is presented. Complete chromatographic resolution is not necessary for correct identification of components present. Simultaneously, spectral similarities create no obstacles for accurate detection. The procedure is based on condition index evolving profiles. Condition index evolving profiles result from performing singular value decomposition of library spectra with sample spectra as they evolve over time. The procedure is demonstrated to successfully identify components present in two-, three-, and four-component samples.
Therapy of pemphigus.

Abstract Pemphigus is a serious autoimmune skin disease associated with a high morbidity and a significant mortality rate. Prior to the advent of steroid therapy, mortality rates of 70–100% were reported. 1 With the use of corticosteroids and antibiotics, the mortality associated with pemphigus has dropped to 15–44%. 2,3 Currently, where corticosteroids are used in conjunction with immunosuppressives, the mortality rate is approximately 10–20%. 4 Therapy of a pemphigus patient should include a thorough systematic evaluation. Accurate diagnosis, using clinical, histologic and immunofluorescent parameters, is important because the chemotherapy used can cause severe side effects, and untreated, active pemphigus can be fatal. Exogenous causes of pemphigus, especially drugs, 5 like penicillamine 6 and captopril, 7 should be ruled out. Diseases associated with pemphigus should be considered in the evaluation of the patient. The exact chemotherapy that should be used to treat each patient optimally is unclear. It is well recognized that corticosteroids are the most helpful agents in many patients, and the drugs of choice in severe or active disease. 8–10 However, severe and often life-threatening side effects are also associated with the prolonged administration of the high doses of corticosteroids used to treat pemphigus. 11,12 Alternative or adjuvant therapies are being used more frequently. This is an attempt to gain control of severe disease not controlled with corticosteroids, 13,14 to reduce maintenance steroid dose, 12,16 or to eliminate steroid therapy in mild disease in order to prevent the long-term side effects of corticosteroids. 9,16 At present at least eight therapeutic modalities have been reported as being effective in therapy of pemphigus: systemic corticosteroids; the immunosuppressive drugs, methotrexate, azathioprine, clyclophosphamide; gold; dapsone; sulfapyridine; and plasmapheresis. Emperic use of these therapies has yielded useful information. Since no prospective or retrospective controlled studies have been done to evaluate the effectiveness of one type of therapy versus another, the optimal combination of these therapies is currently not known.
Microstructural Characterization of a High-Strength Aluminum Alloy Subjected to High Strain-Rate Impact

The deformation and damage modes associated with the high strain-rate behavior of a high-strength aluminum alloy Al 2139 were analyzed. The microstructure was characterized at different physical scales to determine how the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of the alloy can inhibit and resist failure modes, such as shear localization and bending tensile failure, which occur due to high strain-rate impact. Grain morphology, precipitates (Ω and θ′), and Mn-bearing dispersed particles and inclusions were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy/high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), selected area diffraction (SAD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations of a 38-mm plate impacted by 4340 steel projectiles. Large grain sizes reduce grain boundary (GB) area and allow for more precipitation in the matrix, and these precipitates are shown to play a critical role in the toughening and strengthening of the alloy. Dispersed particles are associated with ductile failure, and inclusions are associated with ductile failure and shear failure. Different deformation modes were observed for the nanoscale precipitates, which affected overall behavior at size scales spanning the nano to the macro.
Photoelectron asymmetry parameter for the S 2p level of SO2

Abstract We present a measurement of the asymmetry parameter (β) for S 2p core-level photoionization of SO 2 in the vicinity of several continuum resonances. Results are contrasted with β(2p) for the central atoms of the molecules SF 6 and SiF 4 . Atomic calculations for β(S 2p) appear to reproduce qualitatively the molecular curve for SO 2 aside from a shift to lower β values for the molecular case.
Treatment planning of a skin‐sparing conical breast brachytherapy applicator using conventional brachytherapy software

Results: Agreement using the gamma-index test was 99.95% for distance to agreement and dose accuracy criteria of 2 mm and 2%, respectively. After observing good agreement, TPS DVHs and dose distributions for the conical and round applicators were obtained and compared. Brachytherapy dose distributions generated using Pinnacle 3 for ten CT data sets showed that the parallelopposed beams of the conical applicators provided similar PTV coverage to the round applicators and reduced the maximum dose to skin, chest wall, and lung by up to 27%, 42%, and 43%, respectively. Conclusions: Brachytherapy dose distributions for the conical applicators have been generated using MC methods and entered into the Pinnacle 3 TPS via the Tufts technique. Treatment planning metrics for the conical AccuBoost applicators were significantly improved in comparison to those for conventional electron beam breast boost. © 2011 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. DOI: 10.1118/1.3552921
Specific Heats of Dilute Magnetic α-Phase Cu-Au(Fe) Alloys

This study of the specific heats of dilute magnetic $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-phase Cu-Au(Fe) alloys is a continuation of our work on dilute Fe in binary-host alloys. Our previous specific-heat results for the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-phase Cu-Al(Fe) system indicated that the Kondo effect depended on the particular local environment of the Fe impurity. The present study was motivated by resistivity experiments which suggested for Cu-Au(Fe) a contrasting picture where local-environment effects are not important. The specific heats of a series of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-phase Cu-Au and dilute magnetic Cu-Au(Fe) alloys with Fe concentrations near 0.04 at.% were measured over the temperature range 1-10 K. The alloys had Au concentrations of 2.4, 4.8, and 10 at.%. The excess specific heat due to the Fe impurities show a broad peak characteristic of the Kondo effect. A recently derived theoretical expression for the Kondo effect in the specific heat was successful in fitting these Cu-Au(Fe) results and the Cu(Fe) results of other investigators. The contribution from the Fe impurities for the various alloys had the same functional dependence on a scaled temperature $\frac{T}{{T}_{K}}$, where the ${T}_{K}$ decreased with increasing Au concentration. This agreed with the existence of a universal resistance curve for Cu-Au(Fe) found by other experimenters. Comparisons are made with our previous specific-heat result for the Cu-Al(Fe) system which could not be fit with a universal curve. It is suggested that local-environment effects are important in the Cu-Al(Fe) system in contrast with the Cu-Au(Fe) system.
Rheological and calorimetric properties of heated corn starch-soybean protein isolate dispersions

Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) data on 10% (w/w) corn starch dispersion showed one endothermic peak and on soybean protein (SP) isolate dispersions two peaks attributed to 7S and 11 S globulins. In corn starch-SP isolate mixtures, thermal transitions appear to occur independently of one another. Dynamic rheological data over 0.63-62.9 rad s -1 revealed weak gel-like behavior of both 10% corn starch and SP isolate dispersions with magnitudes of storage modulus (G') being significantly higher than those of loss modulus (G) and both exhibiting slight frequency-dependence; G' of corn starch dispersion was higher than that of SP isolate and in mixed dispersions its magnitude decreased with increase in proportion of protein. The Maxwell model described creep-compliance data on dispersions high in corn starch, while the Burgers model described dispersions high in SP isolate. Plots of protein/starch ratio versus G' and instantaneous elastic modulus showed similar trends in phase separation and inversion.
Yielding anisotropy from the bauschinger effect and crystallographic texture in drawn HSLA steel sheet

The influence of prior deformation by in-plane compression, a laboratory technique used to simulate drawing in sheets, on the yield-strength anisotropy of an 80-ksi minimum yield-strength vanadium-nitrogen HSLA steel has been documented and the origin of this anisotropy has been investigated. A large tensile yield-strength anisotropy (40 to 50 ksi difference between orthogonal directions in the plane of the sheet) was observed for all prior effective strains investigated (from ee ≃ 0.1 to ee ≃ 0.5). Based on: (1) an analysis of Tresca-type yield loci obtained before and after in-plane compression, and (2) yield-strength anisotropy calculations performed with a Taylor model and a Sachs model using results of crystallographic texture measurements, it was concluded that the tensile yield-strength anisotropy originates primarily from the Bauschinger effect. The anisotropy due to texture is much smaller (15 pct of the total yield strength difference) and of opposite sign.
The Influence of Oxygen Concentration on the Swimming Performance of Juvenile Pacific Salmon at Various Temperatures

Abstract The sustained swimming speeds of juvenile coho and chinook salmon tested in a tubular chamber at temperatures ranging from 10 to 20° C. usually were dependent on the dissolved oxygen concentration at any tried concentration below the air-saturation level. Some underyearling chinook salmon tested at 19.5° C. were notably exceptional; their performance at high oxygen concentrations was not markedly better than that observed at lower concentrations between 5 and 7 mg/1. These fish may have been anemic. Reduction of oxygen concentration from air-saturation levels to 7, 6, 5, 4, and 3 mg/1 usually resulted in reduction of the maximum sustained swimming speed of coho salmon by about 5, 8, 13, 20, and 30 percent, respectively. These percentages are based on the observed performance of the first-failing and second-failing individuals of a group of five fish used in a performance test. The corresponding estimated percent reductions of the swimming speed of first-failing fish in most of the early explorato...
A core principle of studying language acquisition: it's a developmental system.

This is an exciting time to be studying language development, as is well illustrated in the collection of papers for this special section on core computational principles of language acquisition. These papers highlight innovative approaches that examine the nitty-gritty details of process. In so doing, they reveal a set of fundamental learning processes, but they also emphasize that the subject of our focus is not just a learner and something to be learned. Rather, we seek to understand a complex system in which the information provided is uniquely tuned to the intended recipient who is particularly ready to receive just the bits of information that will carry the system forward and prepare it for the next moment of learning. In particular, these four papers examine critical aspects of the language acquisition system—the input (Hollich and Prince), the nature of the learner (McMurray, Aslin and Toscano), the fit between the learner and input (Chemla, Mintz, Bernal & Christophe), and how learning at one level influences learning at the next (Christiansen, Onnis, and Hockema).
Review of motion analysis techniques

Motion analysis is an important component of computer vision, dealing with the measurement of motion information from a time varying image sequence. The analysis of dynamic image sequences finds a wide range of applications, including robot navigation, target tracking, traffic monitoring, motion of biological cells, cloud and weather systems tracking, image coding, etc. The paper reviews the various techniques used in motion analysis from image sequences. The approaches are classified according to the methodology in two main groups: methods based on the optical flow constraint equation, and matching. The advantages and disadvantages of both methodologies are also discussed.
A New High-Spin Iron(III) Complex with a Pentadentate Macrocyclic Amidopyridine Ligand: A Change from Slow Single-Ion Paramagnetic Relaxation to Long-Range Antiferromagnetic Order in a Hydrogen-Bonded Network

A new, stable iron(III) complex with a pentadentate amide-containing macrocyclic ligand was prepared and fully characterized. The complex adopted a pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry, where an equatorial plane is occupied by the pyridine nitrogen, two deprotonated amide nitrogens, and two secondary amines from the macrocycle, and two axial positions are available for monodentate ligand (chloride anion or solvent molecule) coordination. The rigid, planar iron−amide building blocks are linked in a three-dimensional network via a system of hydrogen bonds, with the shortest Fe−Fe separation of 8.02 A. The coordination of strongly electron-donating, negatively charged deprotonated amide groups resulted in expected stabilization of a high oxidation state of iron (the redox potential of the FeIIIL/FeIIL couple, −0.57 V vs SCE). In contrast to the majority of the iron complexes with polydentate amide ligands, the pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry of the macrocyclic complex described in this work affords a high-spin co...
Hsp70 heat shock protein cognate is expressed and stored in developing tomato pollen.

Pollen of angiosperms lacks the ability to respond to heat stress by synthesizing heat shock proteins (hsps). In tomato developing microspores were found to have 70 kDa heat shock proteins (hsp70s) present throughout development, even in the absence of heat stress. Heat shock protein family members expressed in the absence of heat stress are called cognate (hsc70) genes. Antisence RNA and antibody probes were used for in situ hybridizations which detected hsc70 expression in developing pollen of immature buds. Hsc70 mRNA transcripts and proteins were detected in nonstressed sporogenous tissues, microspores and in pre-tapetal layers during early pollen development. While immunoblot analysis detected hsc70 proteins stored in mature pollen, heat stress could not induce the synthesis of new hsp70 protein as measured by 35S-methionine labeling followed by immunoprecipitation.
“Successful”; dissociation, pseudovitality, and inauthentic use of the Senses

Dissociation is posited as a form of psychical organization in which psychical conflicts and threats to self‐preservation are regulated on the terrain of mind/body relations. Economic, social, and cultural processes are implicated in the establishment of stable forms of dissociation, and at the same time render these dissociative regimes opaque. This essay attempts to show 1) how the dissociative organization and process relies on a mechanism that may be described as a type of de‐repression; 2) that dissociative communication is not symbolic in nature but employs a signaling function, giving rise to pseudointegration of the personality rather than true integration; 3) how a phenomenon of false encoding may be observed in these cases; and 4) how a stable regime of pathological dissociation subtly creates a sensory cocoon or invisible wall, the effect of which is to erect a narcissistic field of omnipotent constructions (a “pathological container") in the place of actual contact between people. Lastly, it i...
The risks of moderate and extreme obesity for coronary artery bypass grafting outcomes: a study from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons' database.

Abstract Background Obesity is epidemic in the United States and afflicts 97 million adults. Prior single center studies have been contradictory as to obese patients having higher risks with coronary artery bypass operations. Our objective was to assess the independent effect of both moderate (body mass index [BMI], 35 to 39.9) and extreme (BMI ≥ 40) obesity on bypass operation outcomes using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Database. Methods The study population consisted of 559,004 patients from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database who underwent first-time, isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between January 1997 and December 2000. We compared 42,060 moderately obese patients (BMI, 35 to 39.9) and 18,735 extremely obese patients (BMI ≥ 40) with 498,209 normal or mildly obese patients (BMI, 18.5 to 34.9). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether BMI subgroups were independent predictors of operative risk after adjusting for other preoperative factors. Results Compared with normal or mildly obese patients (BMI, 18.5 to 34.9), moderate and severely obese patients were younger and more likely to be diabetic and hypertensive. After adjusting for these and other known preoperative risk factors, moderate obesity slightly elevated patients' operative risk (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21; confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.29). In contrast, extremely obese patients had marked higher risk for operative mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; confidence interval, 1.45 to 1.73). Major perioperative complications, particularly deep sternal wound infection, renal failure, and prolonged postoperative hospital stay also increased for extremely obese patients. Conclusions Extreme obesity (body mass index ≥ 40) is a significant independent predictor for adverse outcomes and prolonged hospitalization after coronary artery bypass operation.
Control of the magnetization dynamics in patterned nanostructures with magnetoelastic coupling

We review the influence of the magnetoelastic coupling with surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on the dynamic magnetic response of a periodic nanomagnet array. In addition to exciting the magnetization precession, an ultrafast laser pulse generates multiple SAW modes whose frequencies are determined by the array pitch. As a result, strong pinning of the magnetization precession frequency at the crossover points with the SAWs is observed over an extended field range. The complex spin wave spectrum can be analyzed in frequency and momentum spaces using finite element analysis emulating generation of SAWs. The magnetic response of the nanomagnets was then correctly reproduced with micromagnetic simulations taking into account additional magnetoelastic energy terms. This finding demonstrates control of the nanomagnet dynamics with the array geometry via magnetoelastic coupling, even when the magnetostatic interaction between the magnets is negligible.
Fast surface profiling using monochromatic phase and fringe order in white-light interferometry

The results of combining the wrapped phase with the fringe order of this phase to increase the precision of white-light interferometry at high scanning speed are presented. Monochromatic phase data are calculated using the Fourier method and the fringe order is determined using a general coherence peak sensing method. A wide scanning interval of 5λ/8 and a narrow-band color filter with a bandwidth of 70 nm are adopted to acquire interferograms. Experiments with an rms repeatability of step height measurement of below 1 nm and a scanning speed of 40 μm/s are performed.
Roles of a potassium afterhyperpolarization current in generating neuromagnetic fields and field potentials in longitudinal CA3 slices of the guinea-pig.

Abstract Objectives : Roles of a calcium-dependent potassium conductance of slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) type (gK(AHP)) in generating magnetoencephalographic (MEG) signals were studied in hippocampal longitudinal CA3 slices of the guinea pig. Methods : The roles of gK(AHP) were experimentally inferred from effects of its blocker, carbamylcholine-chloride (carbachol, CCh), on MEG signals. The MEG signals were compared with extracellular field potentials and intracellular potentials of the pyramidal cells in the slice. Results : CCh profoundly affected MEG waveforms. CCh reduced the initial spike of the evoked MEG signals independently of stimulation of the cell layer and apical dendrites. The slow wave of the evoked MEG signals was reduced by the somatic stimulation, but was enhanced by the apical stimulation. Elevated extracellular calcium and bath-applied tetraethylammonium (TEA) enhanced the CCh effects. CCh also increased spontaneous MEG signals. These effects on MEG and field potentials could be interpreted on the basis of synaptic and intracellular effects of CCh. Conclusions : Our results indicate that abnormality in this subtle calcium-dependent potassium channel may profoundly influence MEG and EEG signals.
Factors for progression of periodontal diseases

Progression factors for periodontal diseases have been suggested by in vitro study of peripheral blood and gingival cells; however, those factors are not established in vivo. This investigation assessed biopsies of three groups of gingival tissues: those adjacent to a 1) 6 mm gingival sulcus, to determine changes in the gingival microenvironment coincident to the progression of periodontal disease. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, and IL-12 and bcl-2 levels, were decreased at >6 mm; total protein and IL-6 concentrations were increased adjacent to >6 mm, as compared to 6 mm sites. These data suggest that IL-12 is an important factor in the shift from a TH1 to TH2 cell profile and that a favorable gingival microenvironment for hyperinflammation may develop coincident to progression of periodontal diseases due to decreased bcl-2 and increased IL-6 concentrations within gingiva. These changes in the gingival microenvironment could impair apoptosis and promote enhanced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by phagocytes; decreased catalase and SOD activity could promote accumulation of ROS and result in additional tissue destruction.