cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Features of a Patient with Zellweger-like Syndrome with Normal PTS-1 and PTS-2 Peroxisomal Protein Import Systems: A New Peroxisomal Disease

The peroxisomal disorders represent a group of inherited metabolic disorders that derive from defects of peroxisomal biogenesis and/or from dysfunction of single or multiple peroxisomal enzymes. We described earlier an 8 12-year-old with a history of progressive developmental delay, micronodular cirrhosis, and elevated very long chain fatty acids in plasma and skin fibroblasts. These findings were felt to be compatible with both neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (nALD) and Zellweger syndrome (ZS). This patient is now 21 years old and his clinical course, inconsistent with either nALD or ZS, led us to examine his peroxisomal status in light of a possible new peroxisomal disease. The normal levels of bile acid precursors found in this patient suggest that peroxisomal β-oxidation is functional. The activities of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase and oxidation of lignoceric acid and phytanic acid were 14, 17, and 15% of the control, respectively. This partial activity for oxidation and the normal levels of bile acid precursors suggests that this patient has peroxisomes containing β-oxidation enzymes. Western blot analysis of subcellular organelles showed that β-oxidation enzyme proteins are present at normal levels in catalase-negative peroxisomes of density equivalent to normal peroxisomes. The presence of acyl-CoA oxidase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase in catalase-negative peroxisomes suggests that both peroxisomal targeting signal-1 (PTS-1)- and peroxisomal targeting signal-2 (PTS-2)-mediated protein transport processes into peroxisomes are normal in this patient. These findings of catalase-negative peroxisomes of normal density and normal PTS-1 and PTS-2 import machinery with partial peroxisomal functions clearly demonstrate that this patient differs from those with known disorders of peroxisomal biogenesis.
The Analytic Valuation of American Options

No analytic solutions exists for the valuation of American options written on futures contracts and foreign currencies for which early exercise may be optimal. This article formulates the American option valuation problem in economically and mathematically meaningful ways. This enables us to derive valuation formulas for American options. The properties associated with the optimal exercise boundary are examined, and a numerical technique to implement the valuation formulas is presented. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.
Using theoretical descriptors in linear free energy relationships: characterizing several polarity, acid and basicity scales

The widespread application of computational techniques to studies in biological, chemical and environmental sciences has led to a quest for important, characteristic molecular parameters that may be directly derived from these computational methods. Theoretical linear solvation energy relationships (TLSER) combine computational molecular orbital parameters with the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) of Kamlet and Taft to characterize, understand and predict properties which depend upon solute–solvent interactions. The TLSER methodology was used to correlate and to attempt to understand and probe eight solvent scales commonly used in linear free energy relationships and physical organic chemistry. Correlations are presented which demonstrate the ability of the TLSER not only to predict values for these solvent scales, but which also serve as a probe to attempt to understand the underlying physical meaning of these solvent scales. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the United States.
Whitman's Sketches for the Spine of the 1856 Edition

Introduces two little-known sketches Whitman made for the spine of the 1856 edition of Leaves of Grass and discusses Whitman's use of Emerson's words ("I greet you at the beginning of a great career") on the spine and Whitman's "canny and sometimes ruthless" self-promotional campaign.
Comparative effects of infaunal bivalves on an epibenthic microalgal community

Abstract The effects of three infaunal bivalves on an epibenthic microalgal community were studied in a tidal channel at Carpinteria Salt Marsh, California, USA. Sediment Chl a concentration was patchy, ranging from ≈ 1 to ≈ 5.5 μd·cm −2 . Chl a concentrations in 78.5-cm 2 sample plots was negatively correlated with the density of the deposit-feeder Macoma nasuta , but not the suspension-feeders Protothaca staminea and Tagelus californianus within those plots. In field experiments, M. nasuta inhibited the development of microalgal standing stock relative to P. staminea and Control treatments. The effect of M. nasuta on microalgae varied with clam density. M. nasuta also reduced existing microalgal standing stock but without affecting the relative abundance of common diatom species. Our results indicate that the random distribution of the deposit-feeding M. nasuta contributed to small-scale patchiness in microalgal standing stock, locally reducing the availability of microalgae to infaunal as well as epifaunal benthic consumers.
Effect of JP-8 jet fuel on molecular and histological parameters related to acute skin irritation.

Organic chemicals such as jet fuels and solvents can cause skin irritation after dermal exposure. The molecular responses to these chemicals resulting in acute irritation are not understood well enough to establish safe exposure limits. Male F-344 rats were dermally exposed to JP-8 jet fuel for 1 h using Hill Top Chambers. Whole skin samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after the beginning of the exposures, homogenized, and analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and nitrite levels. IL-1α levels (determined by ELISA) ranged from ∼11 to 34% above the 0-h samples over the observed time period. At 1 and 2 h, significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of IL-1α were detected when compared to the 0-h samples. Western blot analysis revealed significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of iNOS at 4 and 6 h compared to 0-h samples. Increases in IL-1α and iNOS expression were also observed in the skin immunohistochemically. Nitrite concentrations in skin samples were measured to estimate nitric oxide production. Although nitrite concentrations in the skin increased ∼6–27% above the 0-h samples over the observed time period, no significant changes in nitrite levels were detected. Pathological changes in the skin following JP-8 exposure were evaluated histologically. Increased numbers of granulocytes were observed infiltrating the skin at 2 h and were more prominent by 6 h. These data show that a 1-h exposure to JP-8 results in a local inflammatory response, which can be detected by changes in molecular and histological parameters.
Single-input observability of continuous-time systems

A universal input is an inputu with the property that, whenever two states give rise to a different output for some input, then they give rise to a different output foru. For an observable system,u is universal if the initial state can be reconstructed from the knowledge of the output foru. It is shown that, for continuous-time analytic systems, analytic universal inputs exist, and that, in the class ofC∞ inputs, universality is a generic property. Stronger results are proved for polynomial systems.
A numerical method for capillarity-dominant free surface flows

The continuum surface force (CSF) method has been extensively employed in the volume-of-fluid (VOF), level set (LS) and front tracking methods to model the surface tension force. It is a robust method requiring relatively easy implementation. However, it is known to generate spurious currents near the interface, which may lead to disastrous interface instabilities and failures of grid convergence. A different surface tension implementation algorithm, referred to as the pressure boundary method (PBM), is introduced in this study. The surface tension force is incorporated into the Navier-Stokes equation via a pressure gradient while the free surface is tracked by a coupled level set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method. It has been shown that the spurious currents are greatly reduced by the PBM method with the sharp pressure boundary condition preserved. The numerical results of several test cases have been obtained and are in close agreement with data reported in the literature.
Isolation of Highly Persistent Mutants of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Reveals a New Toxin-Antitoxin Module

Bacterial persistence is characterized by the ability of a subpopulation within bacterial cultures to survive exposure to antibiotics and other lethal treatments. The surviving persisters are not the result of genetic changes but represent epigenetic variants that are in a physiological state where growth is inhibited. Since characterization of persisters has been performed mainly in Escherichia coli K-12, we sought to identify mechanisms of persistence in the pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Isolation of new highly persistent mutants revealed that the shpAB locus (Salmonella high persistence) imparted a 3- to 4-order-of-magnitude increase in survival after ampicillin exposure throughout its growth phase and protected the population against exposure to multiple antibiotics. Genetic characterization revealed that shpAB is a newly discovered toxin-antitoxin (TA) module. The high-persistence phenotype was attributed to a nonsense mutation in the 3′ end of the shpB gene encoding an antitoxin protein. Characteristic of other TA modules, shpAB is autoregulated, and high persistence depends on the Lon protease.
Flexibility and firm diversity with demand fluctuations

Abstract This paper examines how demand-induced output fluctuations are distributed by competitive firms within industries. It shows that competitive equilibria in fluctuation-prone industries may support technologically diverse firms. Some firms are more flexible than others and absorb a disproportionate share of industrywide output fluctuations. Others are less flexible and have output levels more stable than the industry as a whole. Their coexistence in competitive equilibrium is due to a tradeoff between flexibility and static efficiency within the discrete set of available production technologies.
Anatomy of the normal human cochlear aqueduct with functional implications

There is great variation in published descriptions of the shape, size, and patency of the human cochlear aqueduct. The first part of this paper describes the anatomy of the normal human cochlear aqueduct as determined from a study of 101 temporal bones. Nineteen bones aged 0–1 years and approximately 10 bones per decade of life until age 100 years were examined. The aqueduct was found to have a funnel shaped aperture at the cranial end with a dural sheath extending into it for a varying distance. The rest of the aqueduct was filled with a meshwork of loose connective tissue, often with a central lumen within it. Four types of patencies were noted: central lumen patent throughout length of aqueduct (34%), lumen filled with loose connective tissue (59%), lumen occluded by bone (4%), and obliteration of the aqueduct (3%). The mean value (±SD) of the narrowest portion was 138 (±58) μm which occurred 200–300 μm from the cochlear end of the aqueduct. There was no correlation between age and narrowest diameter, or between age and category of patency. In the second part of this paper, we propose quantitative models of aqueduct function, based on measurements of ductal dimensions and known acoustical properties of the inner ear. Our model analyses suggest that in normal ears, the aqueduct (1) cannot support fluid flows large enough to explain stapedectomy gushers, (2) does filter out cardiac- and respiration-induced pulses in CSF and prevents them from affecting cochlear function, and (3) has little effect on normal ossicular transmission of sound for frequencies above 20 Hz. In pathological ears, such as those with ossicular disruption or after a type IV tympanoplasty, a patent aqueduct might affect hearing for frequencies below 150 Hz.
Dietary regulation of glycolytic enzymes. IX. The effect of oral, intramuscular and conjugated sex steroids on jejunal glycolytic enzyme activities in normal and castrated male and female rats.

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of oral, intramuscular and conjugated sex hormones (progesterone, testosterone and estradiol-17β) upon the activities of four enzymes involved in folate metabolism, (glutamate formiminotransferase (N-formimino- L -glutamate:tetrahydrofolate 5-formiminotransferase, EC 2.1.2.5), serine hydroxymethyltransferase ( L -serine : tetrahydrofolate 5,10-hydroxymethyltransferase, EC 2.1.2.1), methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate : NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.5.1.5) and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (formate : tetrahydrofolate ligase (ADP), EC 6.3.4.3)) were studied in the jejunum of normal and castrated male and female rats. 2. 2. These studies demonstrate that oral sex hormones (estradiol in females, testosterone in males) produce significant adaptive increases (P
The Wire: Big Brother Is Not Watching You in Body-more, Murdaland

Abstract HBO's The Wire consistently showcases high-tech surveillance technology, but the show is really about the vulnerabilities of surveillance to particular forms of spectacle. This article focuses on The Wire's fifth season, which critiques The Baltimore Sun for following a sensationalist story rather than serving as a responsible civic watchdog.
INTERACTION OF NUMBER OF TRAINING TRIALS AND SPECIFIC RESPONSE MEASURE IN DETERMINING EFFECTS OF MAGNITUDE OF REWARD

-Two experiments examined the relationship becween number of training trials in a runway, various segments of the instrumental response, and effects of magnitude of reward. In each, separate groups of rats received 120 training trials with large and small rewards, respectively. Results of both experiments indicated that significant effects of magnitude were established and persisted in the start and run measures. Transitory effects of magnitude were shown in the goal measures of both experiments.
Commentary: Keeping track of pro-B cells: a new model for the effects of IL-7 during B cell development

Trophic and instructive models have been invoked to explain how various cytokines influence the survival, proliferation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors. There is evidence that IL-7 can act in either a trophic or an instructive manner during B and T cell development although its roles in B cell development in the fetus versus the adult mouse and in the mouse versus the human may vary. Here we outline the stages of B cell development and the conventional model of the role of IL-7 in the transitions from pro-B cells to pre-B cells and then to immature B cells. We also discuss the implications of recent data that have led to a new model for this process.
Correlated cortical populations can enhance sound localization performance.

Neurons within cortical populations often evidence some degree of response correlation. Correlation has generally been regarded as detrimental to the decoding performance of a theoretical vector-averaging observer making inferences about the physical world—for example, an observer estimating the location of a sound source. However, if an alternative decoder is considered, in this case a Maximum Likelihood estimator, performance can improve when responses in the population are correlated. Improvement in sound localization performance is demonstrated analytically using Fisher information, and is also shown using Monte Carlo simulations based on recordings from single neurons in cat primary auditory cortex.
Energy Balance Partitioning and Net Radiation Controls on Soil Moisture–Precipitation Feedbacks

A series of model runs using the University of Oklahoma's Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) were conducted to investigate the relative impacts of energy balance partitioning and net radiation on soil moisture-precipitation feedbacks in the U.S. central plains and to examine how the dominant physical processes are affected by changes in mean soil moisture and spatial resolution. Soil temperature and Bowen ratio are influenced non- linearly by soil moisture, and by varying the mean soil moisture in the model it was possible to examine the relationship between soil moisture and the scaling characteristics of these fields using the statistical moments. Information theory metrics were used to provide an indication of the uncertainty associated with varying model resolutions. It was determined that energy balance partitioning plays a dominant role in the occurrence of soil moisture-precipitation feedback, while net radiation was not impacted by mean soil moisture. A strong rela- tionship was seen between soil moisture and the scaling properties of Bowen ratio, while soil moisture did not appear to influence the scaling characteristics of soil temperature. Spatial resolution had a large effect on the representation of boundary layer turbulence, with coarser resolutions unable to capture turbulent motions, which are necessary for convective processes. The ability of the model to capture boundary layer turbulence will alter the dynamics of soil moisture-precipitation feedback as the horizontal transport of moisture by turbulent motions will affect the spatial and temporal scales over which feed-
The effect of Cirrus Clouds on 118-GHz brightness temperatures

A microwave radiative transfer model that describes the effect of scattering by cirrus clouds on the brightness temperatures that may be measured by a geostationary temperature-sounding radiometer has been developed. The model assumes that cirrus clouds are situated at an altitude where the temperature is about 230 K above completely absorbing land surfaces. It is shown that the brightness temperature at 118.75 + or - 3.9 GHz is depressed by 0.3-0.4 K per g per sq m of ice. The channels that operate at frequencies closer to 118.75 GHz are less affected by cirrus clouds. The brightness temperature reduction is most pronounced in warm temperate and tropical conditions.
A new method for disulfide analysis of peptides

Abstract A simple, sensitive, reliable method for determining disulfide groups in peptides is presented. The disulfides are cleaved in a brief treatment with strong alkali. Following neutralization with phosphoric acid, thiol resulting from the alkaline cleavage is estimated colorimetrically with 5,5′-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). In the presence of EDTA, the color yield is stable and is linear with the concentration of oxidized glutathione. The stoichiometry with other peptide disulfides appears to be somewhat variable but not so as to interfere with detection of peptide disulfides in chromatographic fractions. The present method compares favorably with two other proposed disulfide analytical methods. The cleavage assay is chromogenic with disulfides, thiols, and with certain blocked thiols but is not chromogenic with methionine and lanthionine.
Cystic fibrosis and pregnancy in the modern era: A case control study

Abstract Background Increasingly, women with cystic fibrosis become pregnant. Outcomes of these women need further study particularly in the setting of improved survival in CF. Methods We performed a case-control study of pregnant CF women including 22 matched pairs with an average follow-up of 4.5years. Nutritional outcomes, changes in lung function, and exacerbation rates were compared. Results Matched pairs were similar in age, sweat chloride, FEV 1 and FVC % predicted, BMI, and diabetes status. Change in BMI, FEV 1 and FVC % predicted at the end of pregnancy and at last follow-up were similar between groups. Moreover, rates of exacerbation before, during and after pregnancy were similar. On multivariable analysis pregnancy had no effect on change in lung function over the study period. Significant predictors of decline included higher pre-pregnancy lung function and pancreatic insufficiency. Conclusions Pregnancy does not lead to immediate or medium-term adverse effects for CF patients.
Psychosis treatment prior to psychosis onset: ethical issues.

Abstract Clinical trials have begun of antipsychotic treatments in persons who are prodromally symptomatic and at high risk for schizophrenia but who have not yet become psychotic. The ethical issues connected with intervening prior to making a diagnosis of psychosis are detailed. Compelling but tentative evidence suggests that early treatment may improve course and prognosis, and this has initiated a paradigm shift in thinking about the risks and benefits of early intervention. The nature of this evidence, its implications, its shortcomings, and its effect upon the ethics of treating schizophrenia are elaborated and discussed. It is concluded that clinical psychiatry is currently in a state of “equipoise” or genuine uncertainty about the comparative merits of early treatment, a state which endorses early intervention research, including intervention in the prodromal phase.
Watershed-based self- and peer-appraisal indices for integrated environmental assessment with a case study of the Mid-Atlantic region

Environmental indicators are often aggregated into a single index in environmental studies. Commonly, an aggregated index is derived in a specific weighting scheme imposed from the outside. The paper presents a novel approach by letting each unit under study choose a set of weights. It applies the concept of self- and cross-appraisal in generating various aggregated indices from two linear programming optimization models. The proposed method is illustrated via a case study of the Mid-Atlantic region. Results show that the derived aggregated indices reveal environmental conditions of the study area in an objective and robust fashion. The proposed method is a valuable tool for integrated environmental assessment.
Some precisions on the Fourier-Borel transform and infinite order differential equations

Let f(z) be an entire function (of several variables). We define the functionwhich is increasing. The orderof f(z) is the constant (perhaps infinite)
Effect of hypoxic episode number and severity on ventilatory long-term facilitation in awake rats.

Episodic hypoxia induces a persistent augmentation of respiratory activity, termed long-term facilitation (LTF). Phrenic LTF saturates in anesthetized animals such that additional episodes of stimu...
Transformative Learning through Virtual Patient Simulations: Predicting Critical Student Reflections

Abstract Background The Digital Clinical Experience™ is a simulation software that allows nursing students to interview and examine virtual patient and then write self-reflections on their performance. Methods A secondary data analysis was conducted on 130 master of science in nursing students' performance in the Digital Clinical Experience™ using a framework of situated cognition and transformative learning theory. Employing a within-stage mixed-model design, content analysis of structured self-reflections was conducted using Cook's Reflection Rating Rubric. Multiple regression was performed using self-reflection scores as the dependent variable; independent variables included time spent in simulation, lines of dialog, and primary and secondary clinical items discovered. Results Critical self-reflection indicating transformative learning was predicted by the number of secondary clinical items students uncover during their virtual patient interview. Yet, this level of self-reflection did not occur for students who discovered only the primary clinical findings. Conclusions This study presents evidence that virtual patient simulations can provide transformative learning experiences in nursing. However, to facilitate a transformative learning experience, these simulations must allow students to explore the presentation, history, and backstory of the virtual patient in depth, beyond superficial clinical findings.
A Diastereoselective Intramolecular Pauson-Khand Approach to the Construction of the BC Ring System in Tuberostemoninol.

Abstract Herein, we describe an asymmetric approach to the synthesis of a BC-ring synthon in tuberostemoninol via an intramolecular Pauson–Khand reaction stereocontrolled by a commercially available chiral glycinate.
Serum levels of urea and inorganic phosphorus in the loggerhead musk turtle, Sternotherus minor minor.

1. 1. Determination by spectrophotometric methods of blood serum urea and inorganic phosphorus in wild adults of the loggerhead musk turtle, Sternotherus minor minor, yielded respective mean values of 34·4 and 1·4 mM/l. (males) and 19·7 and 2·4 (females). 2. 2. Statistically significant mean differences in urea (P<0·05) and inorganic phosphorus (P<0·01) were found between the sexes. The ovigerous condition of the females may account for the observed differences.
Meristem culture of Ophiopogon japonicus and production of embryo-like structures

Meristems of Ophiopogon japonicus (Liliaceae) were grown on a modified MS medium without auxins or cytokinins and plantlets and embryogenic callus were obtained at a low frequency. When meristems growing on modified basal medium were briefly soaked in 0.54 mM naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) or temporarily grown on medium that contained NAA or NAA and benzyladenine, a larger proportion of meristems developed into plantlets or produced callus and additional plantlets following their return to basal medium. Calluses grown in liquid culture without auxins or cytokinins produced abundant single cells and cell aggregates. Larger cell aggregates formed embryo-like structures that produced roots, cotyledons, and then plantlets following transfer to soilid medium. Prolonged liquid culture produced embryo-like structures directly in liquid medium. These structures met many of the criteria for somatic embryos and developed into normal plantlets when placed on solid medium.
Photoconductive Switch Designs Utilizing Field Confinement And Displacement For Faster Opening In Pulse Power Systems

This paper analyzes a switch design utilizing a static magnetic field to displace the electron-hole plasma to surfaces having high recombination velocities. This mechanism can markedly speed up the opening of the switch without decreasing its conductance in the illuminated steady state.
Social Capital in the Chinese Virtual Community: Impacts on the Social Shopping Model for Social Media

AbstractQQ, the largest virtual community in China, generates relational social capital that facilitates social shopping behaviours across channels. Based on social capital theory, this study assesses how social identification and knowledge creation influence social shopping behaviours; and how purchase motivation and intention from one channel transfer to another. Analysis of data collected from 216 QQ users supports the positive impacts of social identification and knowledge creation on purchase intention for virtual products within a channel, and positive cross-channel relationships between purchase motivations and intentions. This study provides an empirical social shopping model by facilitating the notion of social capital.
Stimulant use and sexual risk behaviors for HIV in rural North Carolina.

Context: While literature exists on sexual risks for HIV among rural populations, the specific role of stimulants in increasing these risks has primarily been studied in the context of a single drug and/or racial group. Purpose: This study explores the use of multiple stimulants and sexual risk behaviors among individuals of different races and sexual identities in rural North Carolina. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 41 individuals in 3 rural North Carolina counties between June 2004 and December 2005. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and reviewed for accuracy. Edited interviews were imported into Atlas.ti and askSam for analysis. Findings: Along with marijuana, stimulants—including powder cocaine, crack, and methamphetamine—were the most frequently used illicit drugs in these counties. Powder cocaine use was more closely associated with white participants, crack with African Americans, and both were more commonly used by female participants. Participants reported 3 overlapping behaviors involving stimulant use that may be associated with increased risk of HIV infection: engaging in sex while using drugs, sex trading and group sex. Nearly half of participants reported engaging in group sex activity. Conclusions: HIV risk through injection appears to be low in these rural counties. However, nearly all study participants reported some form of sexual risk behavior that may increase transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Further research is warranted focusing on the nexus between substance abuse and risky sexual behaviors.
Artificially introduced aneuploid chromosomes assume a conserved position in colon cancer cells.

Background Chromosomal aneuploidy is a defining feature of carcinomas. For instance, in colon cancer, an additional copy of Chromosome 7 is not only observed in early pre-malignant polyps, but is faithfully maintained throughout progression to metastasis. These copy number changes show a positive correlation with average transcript levels of resident genes. An independent line of research has also established that specific chromosomes occupy a well conserved 3D position within the interphase nucleus. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated whether cancer-specific aneuploid chromosomes assume a 3D-position similar to that of its endogenous homologues, which would suggest a possible correlation with transcriptional activity. Using 3D-FISH and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we show that Chromosomes 7, 18, or 19 introduced via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer into the parental diploid colon cancer cell line DLD-1 maintain their conserved position in the interphase nucleus. Conclusions Our data is therefore consistent with the model that each chromosome has an associated zip code (possibly gene density) that determines its nuclear localization. Whether the nuclear localization determines or is determined by the transcriptional activity of resident genes has yet to be ascertained.
The Influence of Servant Leadership and Regulatory Focus on Forms of Deviance in Organizations

We examine the influences of servant leadership from two context, workplace and a place of worship, on employees’ two forms of deviance: entrepreneurial behavior and negative deviance. Regulatory f...
Liquid propellant combustion waves

Design of efficient and stable combustors depends on accurate analysis of flowfields. In the present study, we examine combustion waves aIlSIng from hydrogen-air reactions In the scramjet flame holders with various ramp angles. TWo-iltep Taylor-Galerkin finite element methods are used to solve the Navier-Stokes system of equations. Fluctuation quantities are calculated from the Navier-Stokes solution as a function of time. From these data we determine the energy growth rate parameters and energy growth factors using the entropy--controlled instability (ECI) method. NOMENCLATURE c p specific heat at constant pressure B Body force vector d % disturbance from mean pressure D mass diffusivity e internal energy density E stagnation energy fki body force Fj convective flux vector Gj dissipative vector Hk total enthalpy p pressure R gas constant S entropy T temperature U Time dependent variable vector Vi velocity wk reaction rate Yk mass fraction * Graduate Research Assistant ** UA System Distinguished Professor 1 energy growth rate parameters of first order, second order, and third order, respectively "1 specific heat ratio f energy growth factor A thermal conductivity J.t viscosity p density (Jij total stress tensor T ij viscous stress tensor W frequency Subscripts and Superscripts fluctuation time averaged mean quantity reference state
Ovarian granulosa cell tumor and acromegaly.

AMENORRHEA is one of the most consistent and usually one of the earliest symptoms of pituitary tumor in women. Menstrual function may return, however, even after a prolonged period of amenorrhea, following surgical removal of the tumor, its shrinkage by roentgen irradiation, or possibly in rare instances following the escape of the expanding tumor from the sella turcica with consequent decompression of the normal elements of the gland. In the following unique case resumption of uterine bleeding occurred in an acromegalic as the result of a coincidental lesion, namely, a granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Case report.—The patient was a 42-year-old white, married, Russian-born housewife, who was first seen at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center September 16, 1948, with the complaint of enlargement of the hands and feet and distortion of the face. These symptoms, first observed by the patient about six years before, had been preceded for about three years by excessive fatigue and frequent blurring of vi...
Boundary Layer Measurements on a Rotating Disk

Dynamic stall occurs on helicopter rotor blades, wind turbine blades, and even insect and bird wings. Although most studies on dynamic stall are conducted assuming two-dimensional behavior, it has been shown that this phenomenon is highly three-dimensional. Recent studies of dynamic stall on a rotating blade of helicopter in forward flight and wind turbines in yaw have shown that the nature of the radial flow near the surface has first-order significance in the stalled flow field. Past literature suggests that the boundary layer over a rotating disk has been correlated to that over a swept wing. Drawing a similar parallel it is hypothesized that fundamental insights into dynamic stall may be derived from studying the boundary layer over a rotating blade in dynamic stall is similar to that over a rotating disk. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to investigate the boundary layer development on a rotating disk. The first set of measurements was conducted using PIV with a micro lens attachment to the camera. Next, a microscope was used to conduct μ-PIV measurements. The measured radial velocity profiles show substantially higher radial jet peak velocities than the analytical solution for a mirror-smooth disk. This difference is narrowed down to the effect of surface roughness of the painted disk, representative of reality on rotor blades used in PIV. This results in a much higher effective viscosity in the near-surface layer, contributing to additional radial flow, as seen from the centrifugal pump literature. However, the non dimensional radial velocity profile exhibits the expected self similar behavior at various radial locations.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Distribution of quartz in late Quaternary Atlantic sediments in relation to climate

The distribution of quartz in the surface sediments of the Atlantic Ocean reflects derivation from continents by means of rivers, wind, ice, and coastal erosion. Enrichment of quartz thus supplied has occurred in some deep basins of especially the southern high latitudes from winnowing of finegrained clays by bottom currents. Although similar modes of quartz transport may have operated both during the Holocene and the last glacial maximum (18,000 yr B.P.), significant differences in the intensity of transport and in the locii of deposition, which are attributable to climatic variations during these times, exist in some areas of the Atlantic. In Holocene sediments of the eastern equatorial Atlantic, a band of high percent quartz exists directly off the present Saharan Desert and Sahel region and reflects the trade-wind transport of dusts from these arid and semiarid regions. During the last glacial maximum (18,000 yr B.P.), this high quartz band expanded southward by about 8° of latitude. This expansion was caused not only by the southward expansion of aridity and desert dunes but also by the southward migration of the northerly belt of trade winds during the last glaciation. Relatively high abundances and accumulation rates of quartz during the last glaciation suggest higher intensities of trade winds during that time compared to the Holocene. In the North Atlantic, the abundances of quartz in Holocene sediments are high adjacent to Greenland-Iceland and in the areas off Newfoundland-Labrador, and gradually decrease toward the central areas. The polar front and limit of sea-ice melting are at present confined to the northern part of the North Atlantic. The ice-rafting of quartz grains is, therefore, effective in the areas adjacent to Greenland and to some extent off Labrador causing high abundances in these areas. In contrast to this, during the last glaciation, the quartz abundances and accumulation rates are high in the central areas of North Atlantic around 45°N and decrease toward Greenland-Newfoundland. The migration of the polar front to as far south as 45°N and the consequent southward migration of sea-ice melting and ice-rafting during the last glaciation apparently caused this change in distribution. In addition to ice-rafting at present, wave or current reworking of relict glacial-marine detritus may have caused the high abundance of quartz in the surface sediments off Newfoundland-Labrador. In 18,000 yr B.P. sediments of the Norwegian Sea, the area of high percent quartz (>10%) is more extensive than that in Holocene sediments. This reflects the greater influence of ice-rafting or glacier activity in the sediment dispersal in the Norwegian Sea during the last glacial times.
An examination of transaction interdependency: a perspective in the animal health and nutrition industrial system

The research examining bioscience networks has been studied from two perspectives. One view comes from economics and the other sociology. We examine the technical (material flows) and people aspects (information sharing) of interdependency in the context of economic exchanges in a bioscience network. The empirical contributions are the techniques used to explain the network structure of a burgeoning animal health and nutrition bioscience network and the portability of network analysis concepts that provides the potential to manage diverse business networks. The results suggest the economic exchanges can be traced back to the underlying interactions that safeguard transactions and influence the flow of resources and information.
Synthesis and Characterization of Model Polyalkane−Poly(ethylene oxide) Block Copolymers

We describe the preparation of a new set of amphiphilic block copolymers with well-defined molecular weights and block volume fractions. The synthesis of a variety of polyalkane−poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers was accomplished by a new polymerization−hydrogenation sequence. Initially, anionic polymerization of either butadiene or isoprene was performed followed by end capping with ethylene oxide. The resulting hydroxyl-terminated polydienes were catalytically hydrogenated to give the corresponding hydroxyl-terminated polyalkanes. These polymeric alcohols were then titrated with potassium naphthalenide to yield the analogous potassium alkoxides. This type of macroinitiator was employed in the polymerization of ethylene oxide. Seventeen polyalkane−poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers were prepared in near quantitative yields with molecular weights ranging from (1.4 to 8.7) × 103 and poly(ethylene oxide) volume fractions ranging from 0.29 to 0.73. These polymers are model materials for block copolymer...
Numerical simulation of electron transport in mesoscopic structures with weak dissipation.

A numerical method for simulating transient through steady-state electron transport in multidimensional mesoscopic structures in the presence of weak electron-phonon interactions is presented. This method allows both visualization and quantitative analysis of such electron-phonon coupling processes in these structures. To allow simulation of quantum interference effects within multidimensional structures, a previously developed method for simulating dissipationless transport based on the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation is used as a starting point. Then, to allow simulation of the effects of electron-phonon coupling yet retain numerical tractability, a limited number of discretized harmonic oscillator degrees of freedom are added to those of the electron. Coupling between the electron and oscillator degrees of freedom is via Monte Carlo sampled potential functions that are obtained from the true electron-phonon coupling potentials. The method is exact to first order in the coupling and models some higher order coupling processes as well. Example simulations are performed for both real emission of polar-optical phonons and self-energy processes in prototypical mesoscopic structures.
Remote sensing of particulate concentrations in water

Determination of residual radiance is essential in remote sensing measurements of suspended solids in the absence of real-time ground-truth data. Some typical background corrections are presented for Lake Superior and the spectral distribution of the residual radiance is determined from three major categories of turbidity in the lake. The results tested with Landsat 2 digital tape data indicate that for large bodies of water general information on atmospheric scattering, water clarity, and optical properties of suspended solids enables one to estimate the concentrations of particulates to within + or - 0.5 mg/liter in the absence of real-time ground-truth data.
Asymptotic behaviour of single particle distributions in hadron collisions

Abstract We discuss the J -plane description of single particle distributions from hadronic reactions. It is shown how known Regge phenomenology allows one to exhibit the nature of the approach to the pionization of fragmentation limits. A precise specification emerges of the difference between the limiting distributions for π ± production in pp collisions as a function of the longitudinal boost angle.
RateMyProfessors.com offers biased evaluations

RateMyProfessors.com (RMP) is becoming an increasingly popular tool among students, faculty and school administrators. The validity of RMP is a point of debate; many would argue that self‐selection bias obscures the usefulness of RMP evaluations. In order to test this possibility, we collected three types of evaluations: RMP evaluations that existed at the beginning of our study, traditional in‐class evaluations and RMP evaluations that were prompted after we collected in‐class evaluations. We found differences in the types of evaluations students provide for their professors for both perceptions of professor clarity and ratings of professor easiness. Based on these results, conclusions drawn from RMP are suspect and indeed may offer a biased view of professors.
"Glow in the dark" intraoperative imaging: Expanding the capabilities of robotic technology.

ICG inflation of the endoballoon in TERMR allows the accurate placement of the endoballoon and continuous real-time visualization and monitoring of its position. When the echocardiographic window is lost, direct visualization of the fluorescent endoballoon allows verification of the location and quick and easy repositioning of the endoballoon during the mitral repair, without the need for radiographic fluoroscopy. Because the ICG is not administered directly to the patient, risk is minimal. This novel technique both simplifies the use and improves the safety of the aortic endoballoon for TERMR.
Quantifying free energy profiles of proton transfer reactions in solution and proteins by using a diabatic FDFT mapping.

Reliable studies of proton transfer (PT) reactions in solution and in enzymes by combined quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approaches with an ab initio description of the quantum region present a major challenge to computational chemists. The main problem is the need for extensive computer time to evaluate the QM energy, which in turn makes it extremely challenging to perform proper configurational sampling. The present work presents a new effective way for performing such calculations by using the frozen density functional (FDFT) approach to generate diabatic surfaces that are used to generate a mapping potential that takes the system from the reactant to the product state. The resulting umbrella sampling/free energy perturbation (US/FEP) mapping is done in full analogy with the approach used in the empirical valence bond (EVB) treatment, moving from the diabatic mapping potential to the adiabatic ground state surface, while an ab initio Hamiltonian is used for the QM part. The present appr...
Environment‐influenced surface layer in polymers

Several epoxy polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate), a highly plasticized polyethylene, and a polyethylene of molecular weight 2500 were found to be influenced to a considerable depth from the surface by the mold material or the atmospheric environment. The results presented are interpreted in terms of a diffuse double layer induced by the mold in the polymer surface region. These environmental effects appear to be greatest for the epoxy systems and are evident to a lesser extent, progressively, as the molded polymer is changed to materials of higher purity or narrower molecular weight range.
DETECTION OF A NOVEL DNA POLYMORPHISM IN THE β-GLOBIN CLUSTER AND EVIDENCE FOR SITE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION

Within the eγδβ-globin gene region a non-random association of polymorphic restriction sites 5′ and 3′ to the δ globin gene has been observed. Between these two clusters lies a 9 kb region including the δ-globin gene which may contain sites of increased recombination. Analysis of DNA from an Albanian family revealed a novel Rsa I site 550 bp 5′ to the β-globin gene within the 9 kb region. One maternal and one paternal chromosome were identical at 9 polymorphic sites but differed at the Rsa site. This finding suggests that this polymorphism is randomly associated with previously defined haplotypes. Population screening showed the presence of this site in people of northern European, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, African, Southeast Asian and Asian Indian descent, with an overall frequency of 0.39. DNA regions with βA, βS,βE and β-thalassemia alleles carrying and lacking the Rsa site were also identified. In one individual sequence analysis showed 28 alternating purine-pyrimidine dinucleotides in the region containing the Rsa site, rather than the 26 previously found in other individuals, suggesting that unequal crossing-over in this immediate region may lead to randomization of 5′ and 3′ polymorphic clusters.