cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Risk Score for Childhood Obesity in an Urban Latino Cohort

Objective To assesswhether individual obesity riskfactors, present during gestation,and thefirst6months of life, can be combined into a simple prognostic model that has the ability to accurately predict childhood obesity at age 5 years in a high-risk cohort. Study design A total of 201 Latina women were recruited during pregnancy, and their infants followed longitudinally. Ten risk factors for childhood obesity were included in an initial logistic model; a second reduced model was created via stepwise deletion (confirmed with nonparametric conditional random forest classifier), after which 5 risk factors remained. From each model, an obesity risk equation was derived, and an obesity risk score was generated for each patient. Derived algorithms were assessed using discrimination, calibration, and via predictive statistics. Results Of the 166 children followed through age 5 years, 56 (32%) met criteria for childhood obesity. Discrimination accuracy for both derivation models was excellent, and after optimism-corrected bootstrapping, both models showed meaningful clinical performance. Both models were adequately calibrated, showed strong sensitivity and negative predictive value at conservatively set obesity risk thresholds, and displayed excellent specificity among those classified as highest risk. Birth weight z-score and change in weight-for-age z-score between birth and 6 months were the risk factors with the strongest contribution to the obesity risk score. Conclusions Obesity risk algorithms are reliable in their prediction of childhood obesity and have the potential to be integrated into the electronic medical record. These models could provide a filter for directing early prevention resources to children with high obesity risk but should be evaluated in a larger external dataset. (J Pediatr 2016;-:---).
The Case for Interprofessional Education in Teacher Education and Beyond.

In many PreK-12 school environments, individuals with a variety of professional identities and roles provide services to students. Typically, these individuals are trained with minimal interaction with each other, yet they must work cooperatively with each other in the schools. Interprofessional education (IPE) provides a model whereby students in different disciplines learn to collaborate. This article describes the origins and current status of IPE in the health professions; suggests strategies for applying IPE to educator training; describes a promising example IPE project involving two distinct school-based professionals, pre-service special educators and school counsellors in training, including outcomes documented through student reflections; and offers implications for implementing and sustaining IPE in schools of education.
Variation in incidence of indinavir-associated nephrolithiasis among HIV-positive patients.

Background: Nephrolithiasis may be an important consequence of indinavir therapy; however little has been published on the variation in incidence between different populations of patients or the possible mechanisms of calculus formation. Objective: To examine variation in the incidence of indinavir-associated nephrolithiasis (IAN) in HIV-positive patients in relation to hemophilia and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: Clinical data were abstracted retrospectively from the medical records of all adult patients treated with indinavir from September 1995 to September 1997. Occurrence of first IAN, defined as flank pain and hematuria after initiation of therapy, was analyzed in relation to hemophilia status and HCV infection. Results: There were 17 episodes of IAN (22%) among 79 patients treated with indinavir. Of 10 patients with hemophilia, 50% developed IAN as compared with 17% of patients without hemophilia (P = 0.03). Median days to first IAN was 22 (range 7–110 days) for hemophiliacs and 156 (range 5–611 days) for those without hemophilia. Data for HCV status were available for 74 out of 79 patients: 10 out of 27 (37%) patients with HCV developed IAN compared with six out of 42 (14%) without HCV (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Overall incidence of IAN was higher than that previously reported and was significantly greater in hemophiliacs than in non-hemophiliacs. HCV may be a contributing factor.
Sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with a mutant p53 phenotype and absence of Bcl-2 expression

Fas (APO-1/CD95) is a cell-surface protein that can mediate apoptosis upon specific ligand or antibody binding. The Bcl-2 protein may function as a modulator of Fas-induced apoptosis by blocking a downstream activation step, and Bcl-2 expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells appears to depend partly on expression of a wild-type (wt) p53 tumor suppressor gene (Findley et al, Blood 1997; 89: 2986). We therefore investigated the relationship between sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis and (1) Fas expression, (2) p53 status, and (3) Bcl-2 protein levels in pediatric ALL cell lines and primary leukemic cells. Cell lines included 21 B cell precursor (BCP)-ALL and four T-ALL lines; in five cases, cryopreserved primary leukemic cells from which these lines were established were also examined. Additionally, we evaluated the effect of anti-Fas monoclonal antibody on the activation of protease CPP32 and induction of apoptosis in these lines. By SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing, we detected p53 mutations (mt) in eight out of 25 ALL cell lines (exon-7, codon 248 n=6; exon-8, codon 273, n=2). The expression of Fas and Bcl-2 was examined by immunofluorescence staining and quantified as the number of molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF). Elevated levels of Fas were expressed in all six lines with a mutation of p53 in codon 248 (1500 to 10800 MESF). Although Fas was detectable in seven of the 17 lines with wt-p53, expression was lower (150-900 MESF) compared with mt-p53+ lines. Bcl-2 was expressed in 10 of the 25 lines. Most (9/10) wt-p53+ lines expressed Bcl-2, whereas only one of eight mt-p53+ lines and no p53-null lines expressed this protein. Treatment of Fas-positive lines with anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (200 ng/ml) for 6 h induced activation of CPP32 and apoptosis in eight of 13 Fas+ lines. Sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis was associated with a mt-p53 phenotype and absence of Bcl-2 expression. Six of eight Fas+/Fas-sensitive (S) lines were mt-53+/Bcl-2-, whereas only two Fas+/Fas-S lines were wt-p53+/Bcl-2+; both of these latter lines expressed low levels of Bcl-2 compared to Fas-resistant lines. In contrast, four of five Fas+/Fas-resistant (R) lines were wt-p53+/Bcl-2+; the exception was p53-null/Bcl-2- but expressed a low level of Fas (150 MESF). Activation of the cysteine protease CPP32 and cleavage of its substrate poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) was also detected in Fas-S but not Fas-R lines. We obtained similar results from both the primary leukemic cells and the corresponding cell lines in five cases: overexpression of Fas and Fas-sensitivity were present in mt-p53+/Bcl-2- but not wt-p53+/Bcl-2+ cells. These results suggest that some pediatric ALL cells expressing mt-p53+ may be sensitive to Fas-mediated apoptosis due to high levels of Fas expression and lack of Bcl-2, and further suggest that molecular methods of activating Fas may be useful for therapy of refractory ALL with the Fas+/mt-p53+ phenotype.
Modelling of Effective Thermal Conductance of Metal Foam Contact Thermal Interfaces

We present a modeling study of the effective thermal conductance of metal foams as a thermal interface focusing on the electronics cooling applications. Metal foam material as a porous media has been considered for several applications because of its significantly large surface area for a given volume. In the electronics cooling, aluminum porous heat sinks have been well studied. It is not only cost effective due to the unique production process, but also attractive for the theoretical modeling study to determine the performance. In the past studies, effective thermal conductivity for heat transfer through solid with the tetrahedral geometry, while the pores, assumed to have vacant volumes, has been modeled. Instead of allowing the refrigerant flow through the connected pores in the porous medium, we considered the vacant space filled with stationary air. The major transport of the heat is considered to flow through the solid bridges, which connect the onside to the other side directly. Thus, the porous density for our application shall be relatively lower than the best value for heat sink applications. It must, however, be in a specific range such that it is mechanically compliant to make proper contact to both, the cooling target surface and the heat sink surface. It is obvious that the smaller pore ratio makes the metal foam stiffer. We model the contact thermal performance with considering the mechanical stiffness as a function of pore ratio as well as an intrinsic thermal conductance across the metal foam. Due to the limited literature of the variation of the pore size, we present the first order analysis assuming a fixed and uniform pore size.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Central American Pezizales. II. The Genus Cookeina

(1967). Central American Pezizales. II. The Genus Cookeina. Mycologia: Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 306-317.
A Mammoth Fraud in Science

The Holly Oak pendant is a shaped piece of marine whelk (Busycon sinistrum) shell with two holes drilled in one end that bears an incised depiction of an extinct proboscidean (woolly mammoth or mastodon). It allegedly was recovered in 1864 from an archaeological site in Delaware. There was speculation in the 1970s as to its age and significance, and it was illustrated and cited as a Paleoindian artifact of Pleistocene age. Subsequent analyses indicated the artifact was fraudulent: The engraving probably was done in the 1880s on a shell recovered from an archaeological site. This has been confirmed by a recently obtained AMS radiocarbon date. The Holly Oak pendant is a modern forgery.
Parameterization Effects on Convergence when Optimizing a Low-Thrust Trajectory with Gravity Assists

Low-thrust trajectories can be modeled by an evenly-spaced sequence of ¢V impulses connected by coasting arcs. Such a model transforms the trajectory optimization problem from an optimal control problem into a finite nonlinear programing problem. Analysis and experimental results are given to help decide which coordinate system to use for the ¢V vectors. In particular, we consider an Earth-Mars flyby mission, an Earth-Tempel 1 rendezvous mission, an Earth-Mars-Ceres rendezvous mission, an Earth-Mercury rendezvous mission, and an Earth-Jupiter flyby mission. If the initial guess is good (i.e. nearly optimal), we find that spherical coordinates lead to the fastest optimization convergence. If the initial guess is bad (i.e. not close to feasible), we find that a feasible solution will be found most quickly if Cartesian coordinates are used. While it would not be prudent to attempt any generalizations, we provide some conjectures for the observed behavior based on the nature of the coordinates we have investigated.
Using Ionic Liquids To Break the Ethanol−Ethyl Acetate Azeotrope

Systems that form azeotropes or have relative volatilities close to 1.0 represent very little energy and capital intensive separations. Ionic liquids (ILs) can serve as nonvolatile entrainers to break azeotropes and enable a more energy efficient and environmentally friendly process. Here, six ILs have been investigated for their ability to break the ethanol + ethyl acetate azeotrope at 313.15 K. Three of the ILs investigated, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium methanesulfonate [emim][MeSO3], 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium methylsulfate [emim][MeSO4], and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [bmim][CF3SO3] are excellent entrainer candidates. In fact, the ethanol + ethyl acetate azeotrope can be broken over the entire composition range by adding as little as 2.5 mol percent of either [emim][MeSO3] or [emim][MeSO4] to the binary organic mixture, which is less IL than what is needed to break any azeotropic system discussed in literature to date. The other three ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis...
Perceived Stress Is Differentially Related to Hippocampal Subfield Volumes among Older Adults

Introduction Chronic exposure to stress has been shown to impact a wide range of health-related outcomes in older adults. Despite extensive animal literature revealing deleterious effects of biological markers of stress on the dentate gyrus subfield of the hippocampus, links between hippocampal subfields and psychological stress have not been studied in humans. This study examined the relationship between perceived stress and hippocampal subfield volumes among racially/ethnically diverse older adults. Methods and Materials Between July 2011 and March 2014, 116 nondemented participants were consecutively drawn from the Einstein Aging Study, an ongoing community-based sample of individuals over the age of 70 residing in Bronx, New York. All participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, and underwent 3.0 T MRI. FreeSurfer was used to derive total hippocampal volume, hippocampal subfield volumes (CA1, CA2/CA3, CA4/Dentate Gyrus (CA4/DG), and subiculum), entorhinal cortex volume, whole brain volume, and total intracranial volume. Results Linear regression analyses revealed that higher levels of perceived stress were associated with smaller total hippocampal volume (β = -0.20, t = -2.40, p = 0.02), smaller CA2/CA3 volumes (β = -0.18, t = -2.24, p = 0.03) and smaller CA4/DG volumes (β = -0.19, t = -2.28, p = 0.03) after controlling for total intracranial volume, age, gender, and race. These findings remained unchanged after removal of individuals with clinically significant symptoms of depression. Discussion Our findings provide evidence of a relationship between a direct indicator of psychological stress and specific hippocampal subfield volumes in elderly individuals. These results highlight the importance of clinical screening for chronic stress in otherwise healthy older adults.
Extracting water and ion distributions from solution x-ray scattering experiments

Small-angle X-ray scattering measurements can provide valuable information about the solvent environment around biomolecules, but it can be difficult to extract solvent-specific information from observed intensity profiles. Intensities are proportional to the square of scattering amplitudes, which are complex quantities. Amplitudes in the forward direction are real, and the contribution from a solute of known structure (and from the waters it excludes) can be estimated from theory; hence, the amplitude arising from the solvent environment can be computed by difference. We have found that this “square root subtraction scheme” can be extended to non-zero q values, out to 0.1 A−1 for the systems considered here, since the phases arising from the solute and from the water environment are nearly identical in this angle range. This allows us to extract aspects of the water and ion distributions (beyond their total numbers), by combining experimental data for the complete system with calculations for the solutes. We use this approach to test molecular dynamics and integral-equation (3D-RISM (three-dimensional reference interaction site model)) models for solvent structure around myoglobin, lysozyme, and a 25 base-pair duplex DNA. Comparisons can be made both in Fourier space and in terms of the distribution of interatomic distances in real space. Generally, computed solvent distributions arising from the MD simulations fit experimental data better than those from 3D-RISM, even though the total small-angle X-ray scattering patterns are very similar; this illustrates the potential power of this sort of analysis to guide the development of computational models.
Clinical characteristics useful in screening for renovascular disease.

ABSTRACT:In an effort to detect renovascular hypertension, clinical characteristics are used to select patients likely to have renal artery stenosis. We prospectively evaluated the ability of commonly used clinical features to predict the presence of renal artery stenosis in 100 hypertensive adults.
Behavior Reveals Selective Summation and Max Pooling among Olfactory Processing Channels.

The olfactory system is divided into processing channels (glomeruli), each receiving input from a different type of olfactory receptor neuron (ORN). Here we investigated how glomeruli combine to control behavior in freely walking Drosophila. We found that optogenetically activating single ORN types typically produced attraction, although some ORN types produced repulsion. Attraction consisted largely of a behavioral program with the following rules: at fictive odor onset, flies walked upwind, and at fictive odor offset, they reversed. When certain pairs of attractive ORN types were co-activated, the level of the behavioral response resembled the sum of the component responses. However, other pairs of attractive ORN types produced a response resembling the larger component (max pooling). Although activation of different ORN combinations produced different levels of behavior, the rules of the behavioral program were consistent. Our results illustrate a general method for inferring how groups of neurons work together to modulate behavioral programs.
Doing conversation analysis in Mandarin Chinese: Basic methods

This article aims to introduce Conversation Analytic (CA) methods to the community of Chinese scholars, and especially to linguists who work with Mandarin Chinese and are just beginning to adopt CA methods in their work. I believe doing CA requires not only an understanding of its terminology but also a working knowledge of CA methods. To this end, rather than simply explaining CA methods abstractly, I offer the reader a glimpse of the research process in action by presenting data and findings of my own research and then taking the reader step-by-step through the analytic process — from initial observations of a candidate phenomenon, through the process of making a collection of cases, and finally explaining criteria for establishing an empirically-grounded finding. Special focus is placed on the importance of detecting “participants’ orientations to action” and the more difficult process of finding evidence for the phenomenon from nonconforming specimens.
Implementation: Search Through Closing: Phases 3–10 of the Acquisition Process

Abstract This chapter starts with the presumption that a firm has developed a viable business plan that requires an acquisition to realize the firm’s strategic direction. Whereas Chapter 4 addressed the creation of business and acquisition plans (Phases 1 and 2), this chapter focuses on Phases 3–10 of the acquisition process, including search, screening, first contact, negotiation, integration planning, closing, integration implementation, and evaluation. Search and screening potential targets focuses on developing appropriate selection criteria; first contact details strategies for discussing price and how to develop preliminary legal documents. In the negotiation phase, during which the actual purchase price is determined, the discussion involves refining valuation, deal structuring, conducting due diligence, and developing a financing plan. Integration planning addresses the challenges of post-acquisition integration of the target. Closing is about the transfer of ownership, resolving transition issues, and completing the merger agreement. Post-closing integration deals with developing communication plans, employee retention, resolving cultural issues, satisfying immediate cash flow requirements, and employing best practices. Post-closing evaluation involves learning from mistakes made in the previous phases.
Discovery of novel frizzled-7 inhibitors by targeting the receptor's transmembrane domain.

// Wei Zhang 1 , Wenyan Lu 2 , Subramaniam Ananthan 1 , Mark J. Suto 1 and Yonghe Li 2 1 Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States 2 Department of Oncology, Drug Discovery Division, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States Correspondence to: Wei Zhang, email: zhangwee@yahoo.com Yonghe Li, email: yli@southernresearch.org Keywords: frizzled, Wnt/β-catenin, inhibitor, virtual screening, cancer Received: March 29, 2017 Accepted: June 28, 2017 Published: September 06, 2017 ABSTRACT Frizzled (Fzd) proteins are seven transmembrane receptors that belong to a novel and separated family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Fzd receptors can respond to Wnt proteins to activate the canonical β-catenin pathway which is important for both initiation and progression of cancers. Disruption of the Wnt/β-catenin signal thus represents an opportunity for rational cancer prevention and therapy. Of the 10 members of the Fzd family, Fzd7 is the most important member involved in cancer development and progression. In the present studies, we applied structure-based virtual screening targeting the transmembrane domain (TMD) of Fzd7 to select compounds that could potentially bind to the Fzd7-TMD and block the Wnt/Fzd7 signaling and further evaluated them in biological assays. Six small molecule compounds were confirmed as Fzd7 inhibitors. The best hit, SRI37892, significantly blocked the Wnt/Fzd7 signaling with IC 50 values in the sub-micromolar range and inhibited cancer cell proliferation with IC 50 values around 2 μM. Our results provide the first proof of concept of targeting Fzd-TMD for the development of Wnt/Fzd modulators. The identified small molecular Fzd7 inhibitors can serve as a useful tool for studying the regulation mechanism(s) of Wnt/Fzd7 signaling as well as a starting point for the development of cancer therapeutic agents.
Meteorological conditions associated with the onset of flash drought in the Eastern United States

Abstract Rapid onset droughts, termed “flash droughts”, present a series of unique challenges for drought monitoring, forecasting, and mitigation. Due to the rapid onset and lack of early warning systems, stakeholders can be caught off-guard by flash droughts and suffer disproportionate impacts. Despite these impacts, little is known about the physical drivers of flash droughts. The purpose of this study is to determine antecedent meteorological conditions prior to the onset of flash drought in the Eastern United States. Emphasizing the agricultural impacts, flash droughts were defined as periods when the pentad-average 0–40 cm volumetric water content declines from at least the 40th percentile to below the 20th percentile in 4 pentads or less. Meteorological variables from 125 stations in the Eastern U.S. from March − October 1979 − 2010 were analyzed for their relationships with flash drought onset. Consistent with previous findings, flash drought was associated with decreased precipitation and humidity, increased solar radiation, and elevated temperatures. However logistic regression results suggest variables that accounted for surface moisture balance and/or atmospheric evaporative demand were more closely linked with the likelihood of flash drought than temperature and/or precipitation. Associated surface conditions are likely driven by ridging in the mid to upper level troposphere, which is shown to be more persistent leading up the flash droughts in the northern half of the study region. Our results elucidate the meteorological conditions immediately prior to the onset of one type or “flavor” of flash drought, defined by characteristic rapid intensification. Arguably, one could define flash drought with soil moisture thresholds varying from those used in this study and/or different time scales of soil moisture depletion. Therefore, we additionally argue that absences of both a standard flash drought definition and consistent precedent for identifying flash drought complicates monitoring and predicting these events.
Understanding the hygiene hypothesis mechanism (HYP2P.331)

As the western world becomes increasingly sterilized, the rate of allergic diseases, such as asthma, have increased dramatically. Alternatively, children born vaginally, raised on a farm, or with older siblings have a reduced risk of developing a multitude of allergic conditions. This phenomenon, known as the hygiene hypothesis, has become well established; however, the cellular mechanism by which this exposure protects the individual remains unclear. We have found that the commensal bacterium B. fragilis , in particular the capsular polysaccharide PSA, can protect against airway inflammation characteristic of asthma. The population of CD4 + T cells responding to PSA treatment was found to be clonal in nature, with a CD4 + Foxp3 - CD45Rb low CD44 + CD62L - (T EM ) phenotype. These cells show potent inhibition of asthma in an IL-10-dependent fashion upon transfer to naive recipients. Additionally, analysis of top clones revealed increased prevalence of zwitterionic motifs in the CDR3 loop sequences of PSA experienced T cells, which corresponds to a need for a similar motif in PSA itself for MHCII presentation. Collectively these data show that a polysaccharide antigen induces clonal expansion of effector T cells which act to suppress asthmatic inflammation, thereby adding further evidence to the beneficial effects of commensal flora on immune homeostasis as predicted by the hygiene hypothesis.
“There’s No Place Like Home”: The Challenge of Going to College with Separation Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety disorders often occur in children, adolescents, and young adults and can lead to significant problems in social, family, and academic functioning. This chapter describes the case of a young woman with separation anxiety disorder who presents with a dramatic increase in symptoms shortly after starting college. Although she experienced separation anxiety disorder in childhood, she reported few problems during high school. This case illustrates that symptoms of separation anxiety disorder can be masked by parental accommodation during the teen years and that symptoms of separation anxiety disorder can resurface when youth transition to college. The discussion focuses on the importance and practicalities of gradually exposing youth to separations of greater duration and distance during their middle and high school years in order to promote college readiness.
Preoperative Multimodal Analgesia Decreases Postanesthesia Care Unit Narcotic Use and Pain Scores in Outpatient Breast Surgery.

Background:The opioid epidemic demands changes in perioperative pain management. Of the 33,000 deaths attributable to opioid overdose in 2015, half received prescription opioids. Multimodal analgesia is a practice-altering evolution that reduces reliance on opioid medications. Ambulatory breast surg
Moods and Performances

Frege held that an adequate account of language requires us to attend to three features of sentences: reference, sense, and force. Elsewhere I have argued that a theory of truth patterned after a Tarski-type truth definition tells us all we need to know about sense.1 Counting truth in the domain of reference, as Frege did, the study of sense thus comes down to the study of reference.
Effects of Velocity and Other Physical Variables on the Currents and Potentials Generated by Radioactive Collectors in Electric Field Measurements

Research dealing with the use of the radioactive collector as applied to electrostatic stabilization of remotely piloted aircraft described by Hill (1972) has lead to an improved analysis of the radioactive collector. An expression for the current generated per unit width of ionizer as a function of the radioactive source strength, the wind velocity, and the electric field intensity is derived and experimentally verified. The analysis of the radioactive probe used in the potential mode and the resulting equivalent circuit show that the probe attains the correct potential and is independent of the source strength and air velocity provided the geometry of the collector is symmetric and meandering of the conductive plume does not occur.
CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS: A Comparison of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose:To compare the presentation and outcomes of patients younger than 50 years versus patients aged 50 years and older with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).Methods:This single-center retrospective study included patients with CRVO presenting between January 2009 and July 2016. Charts were
Abstract 5132: Lactic acidosis-mediated transcriptomic and metabolomic rewiring in pancreatic cancer cells

Tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in regulating tumor cell metabolism and progression. The tumor cells are constantly exposed to hypoxia, nutrient starvation, and extracellular acidification that contribute to tumor malignancy. These malignant cells exhibit Warburg effect by maintaining glycolytic phenotype even in the presence of oxygen and excrete lactate and protons via monocarboxylate transporters, and sodium-hydrogen antiporter 1 (NHE1) causing constant acidification of the tumor microenvironment. The tumor cells must thus adapt to acidosis to thrive in such hostile microenvironment. The purpose of the study is to identify the functional response of pancreatic cancer cells to the acidic tumor microenvironment. We performed integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to identify the existence of low pH-responsive transcriptional and metabolic regulators. Culturing the cells under low pH resulted in a reduction in cell growth and an increase in oxidative stress within the cells. RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analyses revealed that acidosis drives distinct gene expression patterns in PDAC cells with the expression of 499 and 496 genes up- and downregulated, respectively in PDAC cells. GSEA analyses of significantly modulated genes identified pathways including cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolic pathways, ABC transporters, glutathione metabolism, and genes involved in signaling cascades such as the inositide signaling pathway. As the transcriptomic analyses showed an enrichment of metabolic genes, intracellular metabolomic analyses revealed that chronic acidosis leads to a shift in cellular metabolism towards oxidative metabolism. Our studies demonstrate that while chronic acidosis in the tumor microenvironment leads to reduced proliferation and glycolysis in tumor cells, it also results in increased expression of genes involved in cellular migration, signaling pathways and switching to anaplerotic glutamine metabolism in response to an acidic tumor microenvironment. Overall, our studies demonstrate metabolic reprogramming in PDAC cells in response to low pH microenvironments creating a metabolic vulnerability that could be exploited for therapeutic targeting of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Divya Murthy, Jaime Abrego, Ryan James King, Pankaj Kumar Singh. Lactic acidosis-mediated transcriptomic and metabolomic rewiring in pancreatic cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5132.
Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for Complex Renal Tumors

Partial nephrectomy (PN), whether using open or robotic approach, is an oncologically safe alternative for radical nephrectomy (RN) in appropriately selected patients with renal cell cancer (RCC). As urologists become increasingly facile with the robotic platform, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) will be increasingly performed in patients with complex renal tumors. These include tumors that are completely endophytic or hilar in location, ≥cT1b, tumors with a high RENAL nephrometry score, multiple tumors, or tumors in patients with solitary kidney or significant chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the “trifecta” of negative surgical margins, minimal renal functional decline and no urologic complications remains the ideal goal for any PN, its attainment may pose unique surgical challenges in patients with complex renal tumors. In this chapter, we describe some of the approaches for such patients, tailored to the specific clinical presentation. General considerations to optimize outcomes in such cases include additional assistant ports, judicious use of the 4th robotic arm, and use of pre-clamp check lists. Specific technical maneuvers include use of intraoperative ultrasound probes (for endophytic tumors), tumor enucleation/enucleoresection and modified renorrhaphy techniques (for hilar tumors), cutting wide and deep without excess traction (in cases of cystic/≥cT1b tumors), and minimizing warm ischemia (‘on-demand’ ischemia and early unclamping of the main renal artery, selective clamping of tumor specific arteries, or regional hypothermia) in patients with multiple renal tumors, solitary kidney or pre-existing CKD.
Equifinality and Desistance: Which Pathways to Desistance Are the Most Traveled in Young Adulthood?

The desistance literature identifies many competing explanations for desistance. Equifinality, Cicchetti and Rogosch (Dev Psychopathol 8:597–600, 1996), refers to the idea that a diversity of pathways can lead to the same end result. Embracing this perspective, we shift our focus from identifying effects of causes to identifying the causes of an effect, Sampson et al. (Criminol Public Policy 12:587–616, 2013): desistance. That is, among individuals who have desisted from crime, what proportion have experienced each of the proposed explanations of desistance? Are these proportions any different from non-desisters or other offending groups? In this way, we provide evidence for the relative importance of competing explanations for desistance. Using Pathways to Desistance, we estimate group-based trajectory models of offending. We use this model to identify desisters and persisters. We then compare these two groups on theoretically motivated constructs. We find that psychosocial development, associations with deviant peers, and the social rewards of crime change more rapidly among desisters than persisters. Many desistance processes are present among persisting groups, but at a slower rate of change compared to desisters. Embracing the equifinality of desistance would open up new methodological approaches and new ways of organizing the literature, and would have important implications for theoretical development and policy applications.
Year-Long Teacher Professional Development on Fifth Grade Student Science Outcomes.

We first examined the effects of a year-long professional development (PD) programme for elementary science teachers on fifth grade student performance on state-mandated science achievement tests o...
Only other people post food photos on Facebook: Third-person perception of social media behavior and effects

Abstract Two studies were conducted to examine user perceptions of content effects and behavior on social media. Study 1 employed interviews with Millennials and Baby-Boomers (N = 17) and found that some behaviors on Facebook were seen as undesirable (e.g., excessively posting photos of food). Users held third-person perceptions (TPP) such that they believed that they personally posted content on Facebook less frequently than others did, especially pertaining to undesirable content. A follow-up online survey in Study 2 (N = 140) showed empirical support for the distinction between desirable and undesirable behaviors on Facebook in user perceptions. TPP was found for all undesirable behaviors, but first-person perception (FPP) emerged for some desirable behaviors on Facebook. Results also indicated users' TPP in the perceived effects of content including news, advertisements, and brand communications on Facebook, with social distance moderating TPP's magnitude (i.e., TPP increases as the distance of the comparison group from self increases). Overall, the two studies suggest that there exists a robust self-other discrepancy in the perceived effects of media content and the frequency of behavior on social media. These findings contribute to the understanding of TPP and FPP, especially with regard to judgment of social media impact and behavior.
Communicating Oncologic Prognosis with Empathy (COPE).

38Background: Clear communication between patients and providers is imperative to maximize patient outcomes, particularly for patients with incurable cancer who require prompt engagement in decision-making. In response to the need to engage in quality patient-centered communication, an interprofessional team, representing medicine, nursing, social work, and spiritual care developed a simple, single-page tool that summarizes the prognosis and treatment plan for patients with incurable cancers. This pilot study evaluates the communication guide, Communicating Oncologic Prognosis with Empathy (COPE), for discussing prognosis and treatment options for cancer patients. Methods: A pilot test of 30 participants with incurable cancer was completed at an oncology clinic. The communication guide was evaluated using a pre- and post-test design, participants completed a prognosis and treatment perception survey (PTPQ) prior to their first oncology appointment. Patients then met with their oncologist and the COPE guid...
Direct Aromatic Nitration System for Synthesis of Nitrotryptophans in Escherichia coli.

Nitrotryptophan and its analogues are useful building blocks for synthesizing bioactive and biotechnologically relevant chemicals, materials, and proteins. However, synthetic routes to enantiopure nitro-containing tryptophan derivatives are either complex and polluting or even unestablished yet. Herein, we describe microbial production of 4-NO2-l-tryptophan (Nitrotrp) and its analogues by designing and expressing the biosynthetic pathway in Escherichia coli. The biosynthetic pathway comprised one engineered self-sufficient P450 TB14 of Streptomyces origin for direct nitration of the C-4 of l-Trp indole and one nitric oxide synthase from Bacillus subtilis (BsNOS) for the production of nitric oxide (NO) from l-Arg to support the direct aromatic nitration. As both TB14 and BsNOS require reducing agent NADPH for their reactions, we also included one glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from B. subtilis for in situ NADPH regeneration. The initially designed pathway led to 16.2 ± 2.3 mg/L of Nitrotrp by the engineered E...
Use of fenestrated-branched endovascular aneurysm repair to treat Carrel patch aneurysmal degeneration after open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

Abstract Two patients with a history of open type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair presented with saccular aneurysmal degeneration of the Carrel patch. The degenerated segments measured 6.2 cm and 7.4 cm, respectively, and involved the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and right renal artery. Both patients successfully underwent a custom fenestrated-branched endovascular aneurysm repair with downgoing branches to the celiac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and right renal artery and a stented fenestration to the left renal artery. Completion angiography demonstrated no endoleak and patent visceral-renal segments. Both patients were discharged home on postoperative day 2.
Culture Impacts the Neural Response to Perceiving Outgroups Among Black and White Faces.

Outgroup members (e.g., individuals whose racial identity differs from perceivers’) are stigmatized in Eastern and Western cultures. However, it remains an open question how specific cultural influences affect stigmatization. In this study, we assessed whether cultural learning (i.e., social information acquired from the people in one’s environment) associated with Chinese individuals’ relocation to the United States differentiated the response to multiple outgroups. Two types of cultural learning predict diverging responses to outgroups – awareness of stereotypes about different racial outgroups is associated with increased negative affect and cognitive control towards the stereotyped outgroup. Conversely, intergroup contact attenuates those responses, and does so to a greater extent for individuals from Western cultures. As Chinese-Americans would have had more opportunities to have contact with both White and Black individuals (relative to the Chinese participants), we explored their responses to outgroups as well. Because the neural regions associated with stereotyping and intergroup contact have been well-characterized, we used neuroimaging to disentangle these possibilities. Eighteen White American, 18 Chinese-American, and 17 Chinese participants – who had relocated to the United States less than one year prior – viewed images of Black and White individuals while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants also completed measures of awareness of cultural stereotypes in the United States about Black and White individuals, implicit bias, and experiences with White and Black individuals. Behaviorally, White American and Chinese-American participants had more intergroup contact with either race than did Chinese participants, but there was no effect of participant group on stereotype knowledge or implicit bias. When viewing faces of White (as compared to Black) individuals while undergoing fMRI, White American (relative to Chinese) participants had attenuated activation in regions of the brain associated with cognitive control, including the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Chinese-Americans’ neural response to either race did not differ from White American or Chinese participants. Taken together, outgroup biases seemed to emerge in a culturally-dependent way based on variability in intergroup contact, but not necessarily awareness of stereotypes.
Video corroboration of player incurred impacts using trunk worn sensors among national ice-hockey team members.

Purpose Video corroboration of player incurred impacts (PII) using trunk-worn wearable sensors (WS) among national ice-hockey team members. Methods 23 members of the U.S. National (NTDP) U18 team consented to procedures approved by EMU Human Subjects Committee. Bioharness-3 (Zephyr, MD) WS recorded occurrences of PII during games and impacts were generated using Impact Processor (Zephyr, MD). Eight players with the top activity levels each game determined by WS, were observed using video and synchronized with game video collected by NTDP staff. Impacts identified by WS of 6–7.9 g (Z3), 8–9.9 g (Z4) and 10+ g (Z5) were used to corroborate PII. Magnitude and duration of each identified impact were compared by category using MANOVA with Tukey post hoc (α = 0.05; SPSS 22.0, IBM, NY). Results Of 419 on-ice impacts, 358 were confirmed true PII (85.5%), 60 as other non-PII (14.3%) and 1 false positive (0.2%). For 358 PII, 17 (4.1%) were 1) Board contact/no check, 74 (17.7%), 2) Board contact/check, 202 (48.2%), 3) Open ice check, 65 (15.5%), 4) Player fall. Of 60 Non-PII, 19 (4.5%) as 5) other form of player to player event, 16 (3.8%) as 6) Hard Stop, 19 (4.5%) as 7) Slapshots and 6 (1.4%) as 8) other identifiable player events. 160 of the 200 Z3 events were PII (80%), 103 of 110 Z4 events (93.6%) and 95 of 109 Z5 events were PII (87.2%). The magnitude of impacts was not different by category, but the duration of category 6 (Hard stop; .058 s) was lower than categories 2, 4 and 7 (.112, .112, .133 s, respectively, p < .05). Conclusion These data show that using some limited criteria (e.g. impact magnitude and duration), PII can be identified with relatively high accuracy in ice hockey using trunk-worn wearable sensors.
Bispectral Index Monitoring With Density Spectral Array for Delirium Detection.

Background Delirium in hospitalized patients often goes undetected. Cerebral state monitors, which measure limited-channel electroencephalography, have shown potential for improving delirium detection. Objective The aim of this study was to compare an FDA-approved cerebral state monitor, bispectral index monitoring with density spectral array (DSA), for delirium identification with clinical screening methods. Methods Hospitalized patients receiving psychiatric consultation were assessed for delirium using the 3-minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM) and underwent bispectral index monitor + DSA monitoring. Visual inspection of frequency band power of the DSA was performed by 2 trained independent raters. Average hue values were calculated for each frequency band using image analysis software as the device did not allow for extraction of raw electroencephalography data. Delirious versus nondelirious group averages, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were calculated for significant DSA variables and the 3D-CAM. Results In an initial cohort of 43 patients, visual ratings of the DSA were not associated with delirium (P > 0.1). In a larger cohort of 123 subjects, multiple band hue ratios were associated with delirium, although none survived correction for multiple comparisons. In a subgroup of 74 non-neurological patients, low theta/low delta ratio was significantly associated with delirium (P = 0.001) (sensitivity/specificity/area under the curve: 83%/70%/0.757; 3D-CAM: 67%/77%/0.717; paired-sample area under the curve difference: -0.040, P = 0.68). In 21 patients with dementia, low theta power demonstrated significantly greater sensitivity/specificity/area under the curve of 83%/78%/0.824, whereas 3D-CAM achieved 50%/78%/0.639 (P = 0.04). Conclusion Bispectral index monitor + DSA was similar to 3D-CAM for detecting delirium in hospitalized patients with and without neurological disorders, and was significantly more accurate in patients with dementia. More studies are needed to validate the use of cerebral state monitors for quantitative delirium detection.
Soft Pneumatic System for Interface Pressure Regulation and Automated Hands-Free Donning in Robotic Prostheses

This paper discusses the design and preliminary evaluation of a soft pneumatic socket (SPS) with real-time pressure regulation and an automated underactuated donning mechanism (UDM). The ability to modulate the pressure at the human-socket interface of a prosthesis or wearable device to accommodate user’s activities has the potential to make the user more comfortable. Furthermore, a hands-free, underactuated donning mechanism designed to reliably and safely don the socket onto the user may increase the convenience of prostheses and wearable devices. The pneumatic socket and donning mechanism are evaluated on synthetic forearm model designed to closely match the mechanical properties of the human forearm. The pneumatic socket was tested to determine the maximum loads it can withstand before slipping and the displacement of the socket after loading. The donning mechanism was able to successfully don the socket on to the replica forearm with a 100% success rate for the 30 trials that were tested. Both devices were also tested to determine the pressures they impart on the user. The highest pressures the socket can impart on the user is 4psi and the maximum pressure the donning mechanism imparts on the user is 0.83psi. These pressures were found to be lower than the reported pressures that cause pain and tissue damage.
Choose Your Words Carefully: An Exercise to Introduce Artificial Intelligence to the Marketing Classroom Using Tone Analysis

As technology changes rapidly, marketing educators are challenged with maintaining a curriculum that is ever-evolving in order for their graduates to be real-world ready. This paper suggests a high...
The Operatic Archive: American Opera as History: by Colleen Renihan (Ashgate Interdisciplinary Studies in Opera), New York, NY, Routledge, 2020, 230 pp., $160.00 (hardback), ISBN 9780367134327

Colleen Renihan’s The Operatic Archive: American Opera as History examines opera’s distinct power in its connections to memory and history. Renihan, an Assistant Professor and Queen’s National Scho...
An empirical analysis of capacity and flexibility planning under demand uncertainty

This study explores the optimal capacity and production planning under stochastic demand accounting for price sensitivity and correlation impacts on demand. Four flexibility strategies in a multi-p...