cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TH-CD-304-01: Evaluating the Accuracy of Absolute Portal Dosimetry On the EDGE Linear Accelerator

Purpose: To validate the accuracy of the Varian (Palo Alto, CA) absolute portal dosimetry (APD) platform for the EDGE linear accelerator and evaluate the performance of an improved, non-transit EPID dosimetry system which is optimized to mitigate the known limitations of the current, clinically available solution. Methods: Measurements were performed using the Varian EDGE in 6X FFF mode and aS1200 MV detector—a new, high energy, backscatter-shielded, amorphous silicon EPID (43×43 cm 2 ). Integrated images were acquired for 124 clinical, IMRT/VMAT fields. The raw images were corrected for pixel sensitivity variation and off-axis differential energy response and converted to dose in water at 5cm depth using an empirical dose model. Delivered doses were compared to reference doses calculated in a water phantom using the TPS dose calculation algorithm. Per-beam analysis was performed using gamma evaluation with 3%/1mm dose difference/distance-to-agreement specifications. Additionally, composite EPID doses were calculated for 16 IMRT/VMAT treatment plans and benchmarked against gafchromic EBT3 film measurements, with agreement being analyzed using 3%/3mm, 2%/2mm and 3%/1mm gamma criteria. Results: The converted EPID doses showed good agreement with calculated doses to water. An average of 98.1% (± 4.4%) of pixels passed per-beam gamma analysis with a stringent 3%/1mm criteria. The comparison of EPID measurements with film also yielded high pass rates for varying plan complexities and over a wide range of doses (maximum planar dose: 2.6–36.4 Gy) for each level of gamma criteria. Average gamma indices were 99.7%, 96.1% and 90.3% for 3%/3mm, 2%/2mm and 3%/1mm parameters, respectively. Conclusion: The APD platform on the EDGE includes hardware upgrades, advanced detector calibration techniques and more sophisticated calculation capabilities which allow for accurate, high-resolution absolute dose verification for conventional as well as SRS and SBRT IMRT/VMAT cases. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the error detectability of this QA method. This work was supported in part by Varian Medical Systems (Palo Alto, CA)
Differential proteomics of metastatic and non-metastatic lung carcinoma cell lines

4548 Two lung carcinoma cell lines, CL1-0 and CL1-5 [Chu, Y. W. et al. Am. J. Respir.Cell. Mol. Biol., 17: 353-360, 1997] are different in their invasive and metastatic potential. Both cell lines form tumors when injected to mice, but only CL1-5 cells lead to tumors capable of metastasizing to lungs. For the purpose of this work we used subcellular fractions obtained from CL1-0 and CL1-5 cells. Proteins in the cytosol were labeled with two different fluorescent dyes. We chose Alexa Fluor 555 and Alexa Fluor 647 C 2 maleimide derivatives (Invitrogen) for their stability, similar molecular weight and affordability. The cytosol proteins were labeled with the excess of the dye - each sample with a different dye. Equal amounts of labeled CL1-0 and CL1-5 cytosols were mixed and proteins resolved by 2D-gel electrophoresis. The 2D-gels were scanned (Typhoon, GE Healthcare) and protein spots belonging to either CL1-0, or to CL1-5 were identified. In addition to the fluorescence overlay image, proteins were visualized by silver staining, extracted from the gel and subjected to in-gel tryptic digestion and LC-MS/MS analysis. To verify reproducibility of labeling and separation by 2-D PAGE we inversed the labeling and repeated the proteomic analysis. Due to a higher molecular weight of Alexa Fluor 647 C 2 maleimide (approx.50 Da), saturation labeling of low-molecular-weight proteins resulted in a small, but easy to recognize shift of the spots on the overlay image. Importantly, isoelectric point was the same for proteins labeled either with Alexa Fluor 555, or Alexa Fluor 647. In both experiments we observed the same unique spots. Unique protein spots were observed mainly in CL1-0 and absent, or decreased in CL1-5 cytosol samples, i.e., down-regulated in more metastatic carcinoma cell line. Among the proteins down-regulated in CL1-5 cells were annexin I (ANX1), heat shock protein 27 (HSP 27) and down-regulated ovarian cancer 1 (DOC1), all three already established cancer markers. Somewhat unexpected was identification of the biliverdin IX beta reductase (AAB29537), a protein shown to have an antiapoptotic activity. Western blot analysis confirmed a high level of HSP27 and ANX1 in cytosols from CL1-0 cells, and a much lower signal for these proteins was observed in CL1-5 cells. In overall, we have demonstrated that Alexa Fluor dyes can be used successfully in the differential gel electrophoresis and subsequent proteomic identification of the cancer protein markers.
Conservative radiance interpolants for ray tracing

Classical ray-tracing algorithms compute radiance returning to the eye along one or more sample rays through each pixel of an image. The output of a ray-tracing algorithm, although potentially photorealistic, is a two-dimensional quantity — an image array of radiance values — and is not directly useful from any viewpoint other than the one for which it was computed.
ECG myocardial infarct size: A gender-, age-, race-insensitive 12-segment multiple regression model: I: Retrospective learning set of 100 pathoanatomic infarcts and 229 normal control subjects

Abstract In this early study of ongoing work with multiple regression modeling for mapping myocardial infarct (MI) into 12 left ventricular (LV) segments, promising results have been presented using electrocardiographic (ECG) QRS variables that are gender, age, and race insensitive (GARI), the GARI-QRS 12-segment multiple regression model. These include Q, R, and S duration, expressed as percentage total QRS duration, and R/Q duration, R/Q amplitude, R/S duration, and R/S amplitude variables. For version I, building 12 regression models using 68 single and 32 multiple MIs, the GARI-QRS variables correlated with pathoanatomic MI in each of 12 segments with r values ranging from .67 to .88. In version II of the model, using all MIs and 229 normal subjects, r = .73–.91. Version II predictions of MI in 12 LV segments for each subject were used to calculate the predicted total percentage LV infarct, which correlated well with that found at autopsy. The r values found were .81 for all single MIs, .73 for multiple MIs, and .80 for all MIs taken together. With refinements of the input ECG variables to include (1) improvement in the GARI-QRS variables, (2) adding a significant number of subjects with hypertrophies and conduction defects with and without MI to an expanded learning set, and (3) applying the enhanced 12-LV-segment regression models to a similar test set, it is to be expected that these regression models can be improved even further in such a way as to be applicable to general clinical populations using routine computerized ECG analysis programs.
In Vitro Transcription of Xenopus Mitochondrial Deoxyribonucleic Acid by Homologous Mitochondrial Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase

Abstract The transcription in vitro of mitochondrial DNA by mitochondrial RNA polymerase from Xenopus laevis has been studied. Nearest neighbor frequencies of the transcribed RNA showed only small deviations from a random pattern. Nascent RNA is bound to the template such that 25 to 35% of the RNA is in a state protected from digestion with ribonuclease. The RNA sediments between 4 and 12 S in sucrose gradients after its release from the template. Mitochondrial RNA polymerase transcribes mtDNA with considerable strand selectivity. With mtDNA-I (closed circular DNA) the heavy (H) strand is preferred about 3:1. With mtDNA-II (nicked circular DNA) the H strand is preferred 20:1. In contrast, denatured mtDNA is transcribed with a 5:1 preference for the light (L) strand. Study of the inhibition of enzyme activity by the rifamycin derivative AF/ABDP suggests that the chain initiation step is more sensitive to the inhibitor than the elongation step. RNA chain initiation in vitro was studied with γ-32P-ribonucleoside triphosphates. Mitochondrial RNA polymerase initiates on mtDNA predominantly with ATP, 2-fold less frequently with GTP, and rarely if at all with the pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphates. In pancreatic RNase digests of terminally labeled RNA, at least three but probably many 32P-labeled oligonucleotides were observed, suggesting that in vitro chain initiation occurred at a number of sites on the template.
Cold Start of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

The ability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) to startup and operate under subzero temperatures has been an issue for the commercialization of the fuel cell vehicle (FCV). It is widely believed that during PEFC operation in a subzero temperature environment a portion of water produced from the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) forms ice in the catalyst layer (CL) that hinders the oxygen transport to the reaction sites, until the PEFC eventually stops operation due to oxygen starvation. For the automotive application, successful cold start is defined as PEFC temperature increase above 0°C with self-heating before the cell shutdown due to oxygen starvation. Several automakers have already claimed capability of FCV startup from a subzero temperature environment. However, the underlying physics has only begun to emerge in the most recent literature.
p-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl-4-nitroimidazole

[81006-79-3] C9H6N4O6S (MW 298.26) InChI = 1S/C9H6N4O6S/c14-12(15)7-1-3-8(4-2-7)20(18,19)11-5-9(10-6-11)13(16)17/h1-6H InChIKey = COBWHSSAAZPSJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (condensing agent for the triester coupling of nucleotide fragments1) Alternate Name: p-NBSNI. Physical Data: mp (sealed tube) 179–185 °C (dec); UV (dioxane) 253 nm. Solubility: sol pyridine, DMSO; slightly sol dioxane, ethyl acetate. Form Supplied in: white needles; not available commercially; may be contaminated with p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR (60 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.45 (s, 4H); 8.55 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H); 9.10 (d, J = 2 Hz, 1H); sulfonic acid impurities are easily detected as higher field signals. Preparative Method: by treatment of 4-nitroimidazole (1.025 equiv) and p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1.0 equiv) with Triethylamine (1.1 equiv) in dry dioxane at 0 °C.1 Purification: recrystallization from ethyl acetate. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable to air and moisture in screw cap bottles at rt for over six months.
SPEECH AND ACTION:: Replies to Hornsby and Langton

The fundamental tenet of the liberal conception of free speech is the principle of content neutrality, which Mill espoused in claiming that “there ought to exist the fullest liberty of professing and discussing, as a matter of ethical conviction, any doctrine, however immoral it may be considered.”1. J.S. MILL, ON LIBERTY 36, n. 1 (John Gray and G.W. Smith eds., Routledge 1991) (1859). Note that content-neutrality as a principle of free speech is a different and less ambitious principle from neutrality among conceptions of the good. On this view, the immorality, the falsity, and even the harmfulness of an opinion are not good reasons to censor it. “However positive any one’s persuasion may be, not only of the falsity but of the pernicious consequences” of an opinion, Mill writes, its expression cannot legitimately be prohibited.2. Id. at 43. I am claiming that Mill does not consider harm prevention per se to be even a good (much less a sufficient) reason to censor an opinion or sentiment. This claim is admittedly in tension with some glosses of the so-called harm principle; but, as I have argued elsewhere, the role and content of Mill’s principle of liberty is often fundamentally misconstrued. See Daniel Jacobson, Mill on Liberty, Speech, and the Free Society, 29 PHIL. & PUB. AFF. 276 (2000). Nevertheless, in certain limited circumstances, particular acts of assertion or expression must “lose their immunity” from interference, as Mill puts it, so that we may proscribe incitement to riot, harassment, and the like. Just how to specify those circumstances consistently with content neutrality is a challenge for the liberal program. Of course, this principle and the liberal conception of free speech it embodies are controversial. It can be questioned whether the principle succeeds in protecting the class of speech and other expression that liberals aspire to protect. And even if it does cover the right class, the principle’s justification can be doubted. But I will not discuss these issues, on which there is already an immense literature, any further here.
Restoration of Deoxycholate-Disrupted Membrane Oxidases of Micrococcus lysodeikticus

Membrane-associated l-malate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase complexes of Micrococcus lysodeikticus were inactivated with deoxycholate. Reactivation of NADH oxidase by addition of Mg(2+) occurred in these detergent-membrane mixtures, but reactivation of l-malate oxidase did not occur in the presence of deoxycholate. Removal of detergent by gel filtration allowed Mg(2+)-dependent restoration of both l-malate and NADH oxidases. Maximal NADH and l-malate oxidase restoration required 10 min and 40 min, respectively, at 30 mm MgSO(4). Maximal restoration of both oxidases required at least 12 mm MgSO(4) in an incubation period of 1 hr. Reduced-minus-oxidized difference spectra of Mg(2+)-restored membrane oxidases showed participation of cytochromes b, c, and a when either l-malate or NADH served as reductant; addition of dithionite did not increase the alpha- and beta-region absorbancy maxima of these hemoproteins when restored membranes were first reduced with the physiological substrates l-malate or NADH. Not all divalent cations tested were equally effective for reactivation of both oxidases. l-Malate oxidase was restored by both Mn(2+) and Ca(2+). NADH oxidase was not activated by Mn(2+) and only slightly stimulated by Ca(2+). Separation of deoxycholate-disrupted membranes (detergent removed) into soluble and particulate fractions showed that both fractions were required for Mg(2+)-dependent oxidase activities. Electron micrographs indicated conditions of detergent treatment did not destroy the vesicular nature of protoplast ghost membranes.
Nondaily smokers: a descriptive analysis.

To describe the characteristics of persons in the United States who smoke but do not smoke daily, we analyzed 1997-1998 data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). The NHIS collects self-reported information on cigarette smoking from a representative sample of the U.S. civilian, noninstitutionalized population aged 18 years or older through in-home surveys. Nondaily smokers were defined as persons who had ever smoked 100 cigarettes, smoked "some days," and smoked on fewer than 30 of the past 30 days. In 1997-1998, an estimated 16.0% of current smokers were nondaily smokers. Being a nondaily smoker was more common among smokers aged 18-24 years (19.9%) than among those aged 45-64 years (12.0%), more common among Black and Hispanic smokers (19.2% and 29.9%, respectively) than among White smokers (13.9%), and more common among smokers with at least a college education (28.2%) than among those with 9-11, 12, or 13-15 years of education (10.0%, 12.5%, or 15.9%, respectively). Mean cigarettes smoked per day for those who had smoked on 1-9, 10-19, and 20-29 of the past 30 days equaled 3.9, 5.3, and 7.0, respectively, compared with 19.0 for daily smokers. Nondaily smokers were more likely than daily smokers to have a quit attempt in the past year (55.2% vs. 40.0%). In conclusion, rates of nondaily smoking vary substantially by age, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment. Differences by education suggest that this behavior may be influenced by knowledge and social norms. Nondaily smoking may be a useful intermediate outcome for assessing changes in smoking prevalence. Cessation interventions need to be tailored for nondaily smokers, who may differ from daily smokers in important ways.
Interval Branch and Bound with Local Sampling for Constrained Global Optimization

In this article, we introduce a global optimization algorithm that integrates the basic idea of interval branch and bound, and new local sampling strategies along with an efficient data structure. Also included in the algorithm are procedures that handle constraints. The algorithm is shown to be able to find all the global optimal solutions under mild conditions. It can be used to solve various optimization problems. The local sampling (even if done stochastically) is used only to speed up the convergence and does not affect the fact that a complete search is done. Results on several examples of various dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 are also presented to illustrate numerical performance of the algorithm along with comparison with another interval method without the new local sampling and several noninterval methods. The new algorithm is seen as the best performer among those tested for solving multi-dimensional problems.
Remote sensing of leaf chlorophyll content at multiple scales using red, green, and blue bands

Leaf chlorophyll content is an important variable for agricultural remote sensing because of its close relationship to leaf nitrogen content. We propose a triangular greenness index (TGI), which calculates the area of a triangle with three points: (λr, Rr), (λg, Rg), and (λb, Rb). TGI was correlated with chlorophyll content using a variety of leaf and plot reflectance data. However, indices using the chlorophyll red-edge (710-730 nm) generally had higher correlations. With broad bands, TGI had higher correlations than other indices at leaf and canopy scales. Simulations using a canopy reflectance model indicate an interaction among TGI, leaf area index (LAI) and soil type at low crop LAI, whereas at high crop LAI, TGI was only affected by leaf chlorophyll content. Excess nitrogen fertilizer causes numerous environmental problems, nitrogen management using remote sensing will help balance fertilizer applications with crop nitrogen requirements.
Deep Venous Thombosis: An Overview

The patients at high risk of deep venous thrombosis are defined. Factors in the formation of intravenous thrombi are described. The roles of endothelium, formed elements, clotting factors, and their interrelationships are correlated. Diagnostic modalities and their application are described, and the commonly used medical and surgical therapies are specifically outlined.
Mixed configuration-interaction and many-body perturbation-theory calculations of energies and oscillator strengths of J=1 odd states of neon

Ab initio theory is developed for energies of J=1 particle-hole states of neutral neon and for oscillator strengths of transitions from such states to the J=0 ground state. Hole energies of low-Z neonlike ions are evaluated.
Exactly solvable chaotic circuit

We report the construction and operation of a novel chaotic electronic oscillator for which a detailed model admits an exact analytic solution. The circuit is modeled by a hybrid dynamical system including both a differential equation and discrete switching condition. The analytic solution is written as the linear convolution of a symbol sequence and a fixed basis pulse, similar to that of conventional communications waveforms. Waveform returns sampled at the switching times are shown to be conjugate to a chaotic shift map, effectively proving the existence of chaos in the circuit. We show the analytic solution can be used to accurately reconstruct a measured chaotic waveform, thereby confirming the efficacy of the exactly solvable circuit model.
Open techniques for repair of largeand massive rotator cuff tears

Abstract Rotator cuff tears can be a significant source of shoulder pain and weakness. Repair of full-thickness tears canimprove patient satisfaction and functional outcome. Several repair techniques have been described in the literature; these include arthroscopic and open approaches. Although arthroscopic repair has been popularized in the recent literature, it may not be optimal for some cases of large or massive rotator cuff tears. Open approaches allow greater access for mobilization and enable placement of bone tunnels for bone-tendon repair. The surgeon may readily release bursal and articular sided adhesions and mobilize the retracted tendon to its anatomic footprint on the greater tuberosity. This article describes 2 surgical approaches of open repair, the mini-open and formal open approach. Furthermore, useful techniques for tendon mobilization, bone-tendon repair, and postoperative rehabilitation for the management of large and massive rotator cuff tears are described.
Use of the Pitzer Equations to Examine the Dissociation of TRIS in NaCl Solutions

The TRIS buffer system is frequently used to calibrate electrodes and indicators that are used to determine the pH of natural waters. Most of the potentiometric and spectrophotometric systems used to measure the pH are calibrated with TRIS buffers. Since most natural waters contain high concentrations of NaCl, it is useful to be able to determine the pK of TRIS using ionic interaction models. In this paper, the dissociation constants of TRIS in NaCl solutions from (0 to 100) °C and (0 to 5) mol·kg−1 have been fitted to Pitzer equations. This allows one to estimate the values of the pH for TRIS buffers for natural brines over a wide range of conditions.
Contributions from inner and outer shell electron energies to reaction heats for C1, C2, and C3 hydrocarbons

The expectation energy values E/sub k/, V/sub ee/, V/sub nn/, V/sub en/, and E/sub T/ have been calculated for H/sub 2/ and the C/sub 1/, C/sub 2/, and C/sub 3/ hydrocarbons using a (9,5) basis set and the experimental geometries. Treating the theoretical reaction heat, ..delta..E/sub T/, as the resultant of the nuclear repulsion term, ..delta..V/sub nn/, and the net electron energy term, ..delta..E/sub elec/ = ..delta..E/sub k/ + ..delta..V/sub ee/ + ..delta..V/sub en/, the contribution of inner and outer shell electron energies to ..delta..E/sub elec/, and hence to ..delta..E/sub T/, has been calculated for a large number of hydrocarbon reactions by evaluating the Coulson--Neilson energies eta/sub i/, where eta/sub i/ = E/sub elec/. For the vast majority of reactions, 67/84, the change in inner shell electron energy, (..delta sigma..eta/sub i/)/sub inner/, accounts for more than 10% of ..delta..E/sub elec/, in many cases being as high as 20-35%. Furthermore, in addition to these cases in which the change in inner shell electron energy serves to augment (significantly) the change in outer shell electron energy, there are other cases in which the change in inner shell electron energy either exceeds in magnitude the change in outer shell energy, or is evenmore » opposite in sign, indicative of inner and outer shell electrons acting contrariwise. Inner shell electron energies contribute to the reaction heats because they are structure dependent, like the more familiar orbital energies epsilon, but the dependence is of a different kind.« less
Chronic exposure of imidacloprid and clothianidin reduce queen survival, foraging, and nectar storing in colonies of Bombus impatiens.

In an 11-week greenhouse study, caged queenright colonies of Bombus impatiens Cresson, were fed treatments of 0 (0 ppb actual residue I, imidacloprid; C, clothianidin), 10 (14 I, 9 C), 20 (16 I, 17C), 50 (71 I, 39 C) and 100 (127 I, 76 C) ppb imidacloprid or clothianidin in sugar syrup (50%). These treatments overlapped the residue levels found in pollen and nectar of many crops and landscape plants, which have higher residue levels than seed-treated crops (less than 10 ppb, corn, canola and sunflower). At 6 weeks, queen mortality was significantly higher in 50 ppb and 100 ppb and by 11 weeks in 20 ppb–100 ppb neonicotinyl-treated colonies. The largest impact for both neonicotinyls starting at 20 (16 I, 17 C) ppb was the statistically significant reduction in queen survival (37% I, 56% C) ppb, worker movement, colony consumption, and colony weight compared to 0 ppb treatments. Bees at feeders flew back to the nest box so it appears that only a few workers were collecting syrup in the flight box and returning the syrup to the nest. The majority of the workers sat immobilized for weeks on the floor of the flight box without moving to fed at sugar syrup feeders. Neonicotinyl residues were lower in wax pots in the nest than in the sugar syrup that was provided. At 10 (14) ppb I and 50 (39) ppb C, fewer males were produced by the workers, but queens continued to invest in queen production which was similar among treatments. Feeding on imidacloprid and clothianidin can cause changes in behavior (reduced worker movement, consumption, wax pot production, and nectar storage) that result in detrimental effects on colonies (queen survival and colony weight). Wild bumblebees depending on foraging workers can be negatively impacted by chronic neonicotinyl exposure at 20 ppb.
Reasons for Non-use of Condoms among Men-who-have-Sex-with-Men: A Comparison of Receptive and Insertive Role-in-Sex and Online and Offline Meeting Venue

This study examined reasons for non-use of condoms among an online survey sample of 462 non-condom using men who have sex with men to: (1) identify major domains, themes and categories encompassing reasons for non-use of condoms and (2) examine whether reasons varied by role-in-sex (insertive or receptive) and meeting venue (online or offline). A thematic analysis was completed on participant responses to an open-ended question about reasons for non-condom use. Preference for not using condoms and contextual factors were the top two reasons given for not using condoms, followed by a reasoned judgment based on risk assessment, relationship status and interpersonal communication. No major differences were found between men who reported non-condom use at last receptive and insertive anal intercourse. By contrast when meeting online, men were more likely to report reasons for non-condom use that corresponded to individual preference and mutual agreement not to use condoms. When meeting offline, men were more ...
Laboratory-produced radiation related to the solar flare emission

A review is given of continuing efforts to generate laboratory spectra at photon energies above 1 keV from highly ionized atoms. Emphasis is placed on the most easily-interpreted highest ion stages such as the hydrogenic, helium-like and lithium-like species. The close similarities to solar flare observations of certain signatures, such as the line and continuum X-ray spectra and microwave emission as well as their sequence of occurrence, are pointed out and scaling factors are given.
Magnetic field induced instabilities in nematic solutions of polyhexylisocyanates

Abstract Magnetic field induced Freedericksz transition in the twist geometry of an initially well-aligned nematic solution of a rod-like polymer, polyhexylisocyanate (PHIC), is studied. For the angle α between the magnetic field and the unperturbed director n 0 , one finds a homogeneous distortion if this angle is less than 45°. For angles greater than 45°, the reorientation is inhomogeneous, and is coupled to secondary flow, giving rise to spatially periodic structures. The director deformation involves an out-of-plane tilt at short times, which manifests itself as a phase grating for transmitted polarized light. It is found that the wavelength of the instability is independent of the magnetic field strength in the experimental range, contrary to prior results for nematic solutions of polybenzylglutamate. We postulate that the insensitivity of the wavelength of the periodic structure is due to the nonflow-aligning character of PHIC solutions.
R. K. Merton - Life time of influence

In this article, “Life time of influence” refers to Robert K. Merton's impact broadly, and emblematically, to his influence upon my work. The article discusses 1) the scope and influence of Merton's ideas about social structure and explanations of social processes; 2) his vast scholarship establishing the study of science as a social institution, with implications for theory and research; and 3) his fostering of the social study of science through immense published work, and through impact upon an inter-generational network of scholars.
Stimulation of insulin release and suppression of feeding by hepatic portal glucagon infusion in rats

Abstract Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were measured in rats by remote blood sampling techniques 5 and 25 min after the start of a continuous intraportal glucagon infusion (0.33, 1.0, 3.3, 10 and 33 μg/kg/min). Plasma insulin levels were elevated in a dose-related fashion by glucagon, with the highest dose producing a 23-fold increase above control levels. In contrast, the glycemic effect of glucagon was not dose-related. Glucagon-induced hyperglycemia was similar for all glucagon doses, despite the fact that a glucagon dose range spanning two orders of magnitude was used. In a second experiment, plasma glucose and insulin were measured as described above at two glucagon infusion rates (1 and 10 μg/kg/min), but the animals were allowed to eat during the infusion. Results showed that the effects of glucagon infusions on plasma insulin and glucose were additive with the normal prandial changes in these substances. Finally, food intake was inversely related to insulin level and dissociated from the hyperglycemia during glucagon infusion. These results show that exogenous glucagon provides a potent stimulus for insulin release in the rat both in the presence and in the absence of food. Furthermore, these results in combination with other data suggest that glucagon-induced hyperinsulinemia merits further investigation as one possible determinant of glucagon satiety in the rat.
Novel Manufacturing Processes for Ultra-Low-Cost Paper-Based RFID Tags with Enhanced "Wireless Intelligence"

The objective of this study is to demonstrate ultra-low-cost paper substrates for the realization of inexpensive RFID tags that can be integrated with batteries and sensors for wireless sensing, tracking and monitoring applications. The first step toward achieving this goal is to demonstrate "conductors on paper substrates" from processing standpoint and to characterize the electrical performance of paper substrates up to 2 GHz form design standpoint. The conductors are achieved by (i) direct-write ink jet printing technology with tailored conductive ink and by (ii) conventional copper etching upon lamination of metal foils on to the paper substrates. There are several issues in optimizing the processes in either of the two approaches. For example, ink jet printing would require smooth surface finish, good adhesion, less smearing of the ink, fast curing profile, and ultimately copper-like conductivity of the printed ink and rapid prototyping for high volume manufacturing. On the other hand, metallization using copper will require bonding of copper onto paper surface, adhesion, compatibility with copper etch solutions and lithography, and moisture sealing. Both approaches have been successfully demonstrated for printing conductors on paper substrates which can be easily scaled to large-quantity manufacturing. For the electrical characterization of the paper substrates up to 2 GHz, one microstrip ring resonator was designed and fabricated for extracting dielectric constant and dielectric losses. The copper metallization of paper substrates and the dielectric characterization of paper up to 2 GHz are reported for the first time.
Effects of Postpubertal Ovarian Steroids on Reproductive Function and Sexual Differentiation of Lightly Androgenized Rats

To determine the possible role of ovarian steroids in the development of sterility in lightly androgenized rats that exhibit the delayed anovulation syndrome (DAS), rats were ovariectomized prepubertally and the ability of steroids to facilitate LH secretion was tested before and after prolonged treatment with oil, estradiol benzoate (EB), or testosterone propionate (TP). The LH response of the animals was compared to that of additional androgenized rats ovariectomized after onset of sterility, as well as to rats given oil neonatally. Female rats given oil (normals) or 10 μg TP (DAS) at 5 days of age were either ovariectomized at 30 days or left intact until 95 days. Rats ovariectomized prepubertally were given EB at 1000 h on day 32, and bled for RIA of plasma LH at 24, 31, and 55 h after EB. Daily injections of oil, EB, or TP were given to the ovariectomized rats for 60 days, beginning on day 35. A blood sample was taken at the end of the injections, and intact rats were ovariectomized at that time. One...
ION BEAM ASSISTED DEPOSITION OF METAL NANOCLUSTERS IN SILICA THIN FILMS

Abstract Gold and silver nanoclusters in silica were deposited by coevaporation of gold and silicon or silver and silicon under simultaneous oxygen bombardment. The noble metal concentration, the linear absorption coefficient and the cluster size can be controlled by variation of the process parameters. The position of the absorption peak was shifted from 400 to 700 nm by the choice of the cluster metal and the dielectric matrix.
Microcomputer based search/save system for the lockheed information system (dialog)

Abstract Micro Search/Save is a computer program written for the APPLE PASCAL System. The program emulates a CRT terminal with an additional feature which enables the microcomputer user to transmit a DIALOG search profile stored on diskette. Additional features permit automatic dial-up, automatic logon, printing search results, and saving search results on diskette.
Transverse sacral fractures with anterior displacement

Transverse fractures of the sacrum with anterior displacement are the rarest type of transverse sacral fractures. They usually occur at the S1–S2 region in suicide jumpers. A clinical study was performed to evaluate the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of transverse sacral fractures with anterior displacement. We present six patients with a transverse fracture of the sacrum with anterior displacement. All patients presented with bowel and bladder dysfunction, perineal anesthesia, sensory and motor deficits at the lower extremities. Prompt diagnosis of the sacral fracture was obtained in five of the six patients. Operative treatment including lumbosacral laminectomies, spine instrumentation and fusion was done in all patients. Neurological recovery was almost complete in one patient, incomplete in four patients, and none in one patient. Although reduction of the fracture was not ideal in many of these patients, long-term clinical and radiographic follow-up, and neurological improvement were rewarding.
Self-Presentations of Happiness: Sincere, Polite, or Cautious?

Two studies addressed the meaning of expressed happiness in social relationships. In the first study, men expected to interact with a socially desirable or a socially undesirable woman. It was predicted that (a) when about to meet a socially undesirable woman, men would display more happiness publicly than is felt privately and (b) when about to meet a socially desirable woman, men would display less happiness publicly than felt privately. Results supported the former and tended to support the latter prediction. In the second study, the authors predicted that women would mistrust men’s expressions of happiness upon meeting them such that (a) unattractive women would suspect men of inflating happiness and (b) attractive women would suspect men of suppressing happiness. Results supported the former but not the latter hypothesis. Taking relationship-specific goals into account appears to be important in determining whether emotion will be accurately conveyed and can be trusted.
Connective tissue activation in guinea pig lung fibroblast cultures: regulatory effects of glucocorticoids.

Earlier studies showed that guinea pig lung fibroblasts in cell culture could be “activated” by naturally occurring peptides with a resultant increase in glycolysis and glycosaminoglycan formation. Such connective tissue activation (CTA) in human cell systems (synovial, cartilage, dermal) has proved a useful tool for studying the mechanisms of inflammation and dissecting the efficacy and actions of anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study examined the consequences of treating basal and activated guinea pig lung fibroblasts with glucocorticoids. The data indicate that glucocorticoids minimally suppress glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis in nonactivated cultures. Further, CTA was inhibited to only a minor degree in activated lung fibroblast cultures by steroids, and even markedly supraphysiologic concentrations of glucocorticoids were not notably inhibitory. It was of interest that thiols enhanced suppression of incremental GAG synthesis by some glucocorticoids in activated lung fibroblast cultures.
Mass independent oxygen isotopic composition of atmospheric sulfate: Origin and implications for the present and past atmosphere of Earth and Mars

It is reported that atmospheric (aerosol and rainwater) sulfate possesses a mass independent isotopic composition, with excess 17O. Laboratory experiments indicate that the oxidants, H2O2 and O3, are the source of anomalous 17O enrichments in atmospheric sulfate via aqueous phase S(IV) oxidation. The discovery of the oxygen anomaly in atmospheric sulfate, with definition of its origin, provides a new way to investigate atmospheric and general planetary processes. The observations provide new insight into atmospheric chemistry with application in studies of the evolution of the atmosphere, and surface-atmosphere interactions, both on Earth and Mars.
“Her diamond cross was . . . at the bottom of it all”: Colonial Wealth and Cultural Difference in Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent (1800)

This article analyzes the episode from Maria Edgeworth's Castle Rackrent (1800) in which the spendthrift Sir Kit Rackrent abruptly marries “the grandest heiress in England” in order to repair his finances, only to imprison his new wife in her bedchamber when she won't relinquish her costly diamond jewelry to him. Thady, the elderly Irish narrator of the tale, appears to condone such abuse, perhaps because he is “shocked” and confounded by his master's bride, whom he describes alternatively as “a Jewish,” a “blackamoor,” and “a nabob.” I will argue that Thady's bewilderment over her racial, ethnic, and religious identities, linked with the “thousands of English pounds concealed in diamonds about her person,” associate Sir Kit's new wife with early colonial India given that “nabobs” and diamonds were commonly paired as the visible buyers and signs, respectively, of colonial rapacity during this era. Other references to diamonds in Edgeworth's works concretize their connection to exploitative colonial and se...
Variation in venom constituents within a single isolated population of peninsula tiger snake (Notechis ater niger).

Abstract V. Williams and J. White . Variation in venom constituents within a single isolated population of peninsula tiger snake ( Notechis ater niger ). Toxicon 25, 1240 – 1243, 1987. — Venom from seven individuals in a homogeneous isolated population of Notechis ater niger on Roxby Island, off the South Australia coast, was subjected to gel filtration liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the extent of homogeneity of the venom constituent profile. The gel filtration chromatograms from six of the specimens were easily equated, while the seventh showed a slight variation. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the venoms in a native and reduced state showed no detectable difference between six of the seven individuals, the remaining individual showing minor changes only in the native venom.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as an adjunct in vascular trauma: case report

An iliac stenosis causing a pressure gradient of 70 mm Hg proximal to repair of a traumatically divided superficial femoral artery was relieved by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Though the magnitude of the accompanying crush injury led to massive muscle necrosis and ultimately necessitated mid-thigh amputation, the arterial repair remained patent.
Voluntary exercise and green tea enhance the expression of genes related to energy utilization and attenuate metabolic syndrome in high fat fed mice

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are growing public health problems. We investigated the effects of decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) and voluntary running exercise (Ex) alone or in combination against obesity and metabolic syndrome in high fat (HF) fed C57BL/6J mice. After 16 wk, GTE + Ex treatment reduced final body mass (27.1% decrease) and total visceral fat mass (36.6% decrease) compared to HF-fed mice. GTE + Ex reduced fasting blood glucose (17% decrease), plasma insulin (65% decrease), and insulin resistance (65% decrease) compared to HF-fed mice. GTE or Ex alone had less significant effects. In the skeletal muscle, the combination of Ex and GTE increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Ppargc1a), mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 5 (mt-Nd5), mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-Cytb), and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase III (mt-Co3). An increase in hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (Ppara) and liver carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (Cpt1a) and a decrease in hepatic expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) mRNA was observed in GTE + Ex mice. GTE + Ex was more effective than either treatment alone in reducing diet-induced obesity. These effects are due in part to modulation of genes related to energy metabolism and de novo lipogenesis.
Accurate atomistic simulation of (a/2) 〈111〉 screw dislocations and other defects in bcc tantalum

Abstract The fundamental atomic-level properties of (a/2)(111) screw dislocations and other defects in bcc Ta have been simulated by means of new quantum-based multi-ion interatomic potentials derived from the model generalized pseudopotential theory (MGPT). The potentials have been validated in detail using a combination of experimental data and ab-initio electronic structure calculations on ideal shear strength, vacancy and self-interstitial formation and migration energies, grain-boundary atomic structure and generalized stacking-fault energy (γ) surfaces. Robust and accurate two- and three-dimensional Green's function (GF) techniques have been used to relax dynamically the boundary forces during the dislocation simulations. The GF techniques have been implemented in combination with a spatial domain decomposition strategy, resulting in a parallel MGPT atomistic simulation code that increases computational performance by two orders of magnitude. Our dislocation simulations predict a degenerate core str...
Daily Aspirin Use and Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality in a Large Cohort of Men with Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer

Purpose In a recent analysis of a large clinical database, postdiagnosis aspirin use was associated with 57% lower prostate cancer–specific mortality (PCSM) among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. However, information on this association remains limited. We assessed the association between daily aspirin use and PCSM in a large prospective cohort. Patients and Methods This analysis included men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between enrollment in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort in 1992 or 1993 and June 2009. Aspirin use was reported at enrollment, in 1997, and every 2 years thereafter. During follow-up through 2010, there were 441 prostate cancer deaths among 8,427 prostate cancer cases with information on prediagnosis aspirin use and 301 prostate cancer deaths among 7,118 prostate cancer cases with information on postdiagnosis aspirin use. Results Compared with no aspirin use, neither prediagnosis nor postdiagnosis daily aspirin use were statistically signific...
Microwave radar cross sections and Doppler velocities measured in the surf zone

[1] The relationship between microwave imaging radar measurements of fluid velocities in the surf zone and shoaling, breaking, and broken waves is studied with field observations. Normalized radar cross section (NRCS) and Doppler velocity are estimated from microwave measurements at near-grazing angles, and in situ fluid velocities are measured with acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs). Joint histograms of radar cross section and Doppler velocity cluster into identifiable distributions. The NRCS values from pixels with large NRCS and high Doppler velocities (>2 m/s) decrease with decreasing bore height to the shoreline, similar to scattering from a cylinder with decreasing radius. The Doppler velocities associated with these regions in the histograms agree well with theoretical wave phase velocities. Radar and ADV measurements of fluid velocities between bore crests have similarly shaped energy density spectra for frequencies above about 0.1 Hz, but energy levels from the radar are an order of magnitude higher than those of the ADV data. Instantaneous interbore Doppler velocities are correlated with ADV measured fluid velocities but are offset by 0.8 m/s. This offset may be due to Bragg wave phase velocities, wind drift, range and azimuth sidelobes, the finite spatial resolution of the radar, and differences between mean flows measured at the surface with radar and flows measured below the surface with ADVs. Shoaling and breaking waves measured through radar grating lobes significantly affect both the Doppler velocities near the edges of the images and the scattering from the rear faces of waves, causing large Doppler velocities to be observed in these regions.
Beta-Thalassemia Presenting as an Acute Neurological Complication: A Case Report

Beta-thalassemia is an inherited defect in the rate of synthesis of one or more beta-globin chains of hemoglobin resulting in anemia, hemolysis and ineffective erythropoeisis. Extramedullary hematopoietic tumors may develop in extreme cases of dyserythropoiesis. Acute neurological complications in patients with beta-thalassemia have been reported in association with cerebral ischemia, spinal cord fractures and compression from extramedullary hematopoietic tumors. However extramedullary hematopeietic tumors in the setting of acute blood loss leading to neurological complications have never been reported. We report this case of a 27-year-old woman with beta-thalassemia who presented with acute neurological deficit during immediate postoperative period of cesarean section associated with significant drop in hemoglobin. The Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the thoracic and lumbosacral spine revealed compressive intra-spinal and para-spinal extra-medullary hematopoietic tissue. Patient’s symptoms improved dramatically with conservative management. doi:10.4021/jmc133w
Combining ontology queries with key word search in the GloServ service discovery system

GloServ is a global service discovery system which aggregates different types of services in a globally distributed network. It improves on current service discovery systems by scaling across a globally distributed network and allowing intelligent querying and registration of services. It uses the OWL DL sublanguage of the Web Ontology Language to classify services in an ontology and map knowledge obtained by the ontology onto a scalable hierarchical peer-to-peer network. We present an enhanced novel querying mechanism for service discovery which combines ontology queries with key word search.