cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Robust recognition of 3-D faces based on analytic forms and spectral analysis

One of the main objectives of face recognition is to determine whether an acquired face belongs to a reference database and to subsequently identify the corresponding individual. Face recognition has application in, for instance, forensic science and security. A face recognition algorithm, to be useful in real applications, must discriminate in between individuals, process data in real-time and be robust against occlusion, facial expression and noise. A new method for robust recognition of three-dimensional faces is presented. The method is based on harmonic coding, Hilbert transform and spectral analysis of 3-D depth distributions. Experimental results with three-dimensional faces, which were scanned with a laser scanner, are presented The proposed method recognises a face with various facial expressions in the presence of occlusion, has a good discrimination, is able to compare a face against a large database of faces in real-time and is robust against shot noise and additive noise.
A high-order immersed boundary discontinuous-Galerkin method for Poisson's equation with discontinuous coefficients and singular sources

Author(s): Brandstetter, G; Govindjee, S | Abstract: We adopt a numerical method to solve Poisson's equation on a fixed grid with embedded boundary conditions, where we put a special focus on the accurate representation of the normal gradient on the boundary. The lack of accuracy in the gradient evaluation on the boundary is a common issue with low-order embedded boundary methods. Whereas a direct evaluation of the gradient is preferable, one typically uses post-processing techniques to improve the quality of the gradient. Here, we adopt a new method based on the discontinuous-Galerkin (DG) finite element method, inspired by the recent work of [A.J. Lew and G.C. Buscaglia. A discontinuous-Galerkin-based immersed boundary method. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 76:427-454, 2008]. The method has been enhanced in two aspects: firstly, we approximate the boundary shape locally by higher-order geometric primitives. Secondly, we employ higher-order shape functions within intersected elements. These are derived for the various geometric features of the boundary based on analytical solutions of the underlying partial differential equation. The development includes three basic geometric features in two dimensions for the solution of Poisson's equation: a straight boundary, a circular boundary, and a boundary with a discontinuity. We demonstrate the performance of the method via analytical benchmark examples with a smooth circular boundary as well as in the presence of a singularity due to a re-entrant corner. Results are compared to a low-order extended finite element method as well as the DG method of [1]. We report improved accuracy of the gradient on the boundary by one order of magnitude, as well as improved convergence rates in the presence of a singular source. In principle, the method can be extended to three dimensions, more complicated boundary shapes, and other partial differential equations.
Charles G. Finney and a Theology of Revivalism

Charles Grandison Finney appeared on the American religious scene in the early 1820's, and following a rather dramatic conversion experience he determined to enter the ministry. With some tutoring from his pastor, the Reverend George W. Gale, but no formal theological training, he began to preach in the “burned-over district” of upper New York State. His early successes in attaining conversions led him to adopt a pragmatic approach to the problems of theology and thus to be quite impatient with the Calvinistic theological system.
Mixed effect Poisson log‐linear models for clinical and epidemiological sleep hypnogram data

Bayesian Poisson log-linear multilevel models scalable to epidemiological studies are proposed to investigate population variability in sleep state transition rates. Hierarchical random effects are used to account for pairings of subjects and repeated measures within those subjects, as comparing diseased with non-diseased subjects while minimizing bias is of importance. Essentially, non-parametric piecewise constant hazards are estimated and smoothed, allowing for time-varying covariates and segment of the night comparisons. The Bayesian Poisson regression is justified through a re-derivation of a classical algebraic likelihood equivalence of Poisson regression with a log(time) offset and survival regression assuming exponentially distributed survival times. Such re-derivation allows synthesis of two methods currently used to analyze sleep transition phenomena: stratified multi-state proportional hazards models and log-linear generalized estimating equations (GEE) models for transition counts. An example data set from the Sleep Heart Health Study is analyzed. Supplementary material includes the analyzed data set as well as the code for a reproducible analysis.
Maltreatment of children with disabilities

Widespread efforts are being made to increase awareness and provide education to pediatricians regarding risk factors of child abuse and neglect. The purpose of this clinical report is to ensure that children with disabilities are recognized as a population that is also at risk of maltreatment. Some conditions related to a disability can be confused with maltreatment. The need for early recognition and intervention of child abuse and neglect in this population, as well as the ways that a medical home can facilitate the prevention and early detection of child maltreatment, are the subject of this report.
Applied communication research: Unbounded and for good reason

(2000). Applied communication research: Unbounded and for good reason. Journal of Applied Communication Research: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 188-191.
Heart–Lung Machines

The heart-lung machine is perhaps the most important contribution to the advancement of surgery in the last century. This apparatus was designed to perform the functions of both the human heart and the lungs allowing surgeons to suspend normal circulation to repair defects in the heart. The development of a clinically safe and useful machine was the rate-limiting step to the development of modern cardiac surgery. Since its inception, the heart-lung machine has enabled the surgical treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, and end-stage heart disease with heart transplantation and mechanical assist devices or artificial hearts. The heart-lung machine consists of several components that together make up a circuit that diverts blood away from the heart and lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the body. Commercial investment and production of these components has resulted in wide variability in the design of each, but the overall concept is preserved. During an operation, a medical specialist known as a perfusionist operates the heart-lung machine. The role of the perfusionist is to maintain the circuit, adjust the flow as necessary, prevent air and particulate emboli from entering the circulation, and maintain the various components of the blood within physiologic parameters. Keywords: cardiopulmonary bypass; cardiac surgery; assisted circulation; CPB circuit
Obstacles in Using Frameworks and APIs: An Exploratory Study of Programmers' Newsgroup Discussions

Large software frameworks and APIs can be hard to learn and use, impeding software productivity. But what are the specific challenges that programmers actually face when using frameworks and APIs in practice? What makes APIs hard to use, and what can be done to alleviate the problems associated with API usability and learnability? To explore these questions, we conducted an exploratory study in which we manually analyzed a set of newsgroup discussions about specific challenges that programmers had about a software framework. Based on this set of data, we identified several categories of obstacles in using APIs. We discussed what could be done to help overcome these obstacles.
Magnetic optics for proton radiography

High energy protons of 10 to 50 GeV can be used to radiograph dense objects. Because the transmitted beam particles undergo multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) in the object, a magnetic lens system is used to focus the particles exiting each point of the object onto a distant image plane. Without the lens, the MCS would seriously blur the radiographic image. Correlations can be introduced in the illuminating beam to cancel a major part of the chromatic and geometric aberrations in the lens, while providing locations inside the lens where the rays are sorted by MCS angle. This allows the introduction of angle cut apertures to aid material identification. The requirement for a matched multistage lens system with successively smaller angle-cut apertures leads to the use of minus-identity (-I)lenses, in which the angle sorting is in the longitudinal mid plane of the lens, and the exit beam correlations are the same as the input correlations. A single stage-I lens has been successfully tested at Brookhaven with 10-GeV protons and another is being used in dynamic experiments with 0.8-GeV protons at Los Alamos. The resolution achievable at higher energies is briefly surveyed.
Linking symbiont community structures in a model arbuscular mycorrhizal system

Summary • The influence of plant communities on symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities is difficult to study in situ as both symbionts are strongly influenced by some of the same soil and environmental conditions, and thus we have a poor understanding of the potential links in community composition and structure between host and fungal communities. • AMF were characterized in colonized roots of thermal soil Mimulus guttatus in both isolated plants supporting AMF for only a few months of the growing season and plants growing in mixed plant communities composed of annual and perennial hosts. Cluster and discriminant analysis were used to compare competing models based on either communities or soil conditions. • Mimulus guttatus in adjacent contrasting plant community situations harbored distinct AMF communities with few fungal taxa occurring in both community types. Isolated plants harbored communities of fewer fungal taxa with lower diversity than plants in mixed communities. Host community type was more indicative than pH of AMF community structure. • Our results support an inherent relationship between host plant and AMF community structures, although pH-based models were also statistically supported.
Antibody specificity and diversity: a combinatorial force-mosaic hypothesis.

Abstract The antibody specificity and diversity problems have been approached by considering the construction of an ensemble of idealized diverse binding surfaces. The model proposed for generating these surfaces is a planar array of points where members representative ofa ll chemical forces can be placed in permutational fashion. These forces are assumed to be represented by the side chains of the amino acids. By allowing each force member to be placed at one of ten loci about any given point in the array (thus defining force-location families) and for a 3 × 3 array, a nearly infinite number of three-dimensional mosaics of force and shape can be generated by combinatorial theory from these families. On the assumption that protein binding surfaces can have any reasonable topography and that domain interaction in the formation of combining sites is a simply additive phenomena, a set of constraints is arrived at for applying the model to an idealized antibody molecule. The assertion is made that the ‘basic fold’ model of immunoglobulin as determined from X-ray crystallography is entirely consistent with these constraints. Based on this assertion, the hypothesis is made that antibody diversity is generated in a manner analogous to the model, such that combining sites are formed by permutation of independently contributing parts. These parts are postulated to be the polypeptide sequences defining the four loop structures of the variable domains, hence a requirement of five structural genes per chain, one coding for the constant region. The existence of families of loop structured polypeptides which can function at a given position of a variable domain and corresponding structural genes are postulated, as is a genetic randomization mechanism. A number of well-known immunological phenomena are examined to assess the plausibility of this hypothetical model. Along with appropriate consideration, it can be shown that the model can explain such phenomena as: (1) heterogeneity and homogeneity of response and non-responsiveness to certain classes of antigens; (2) occasional multispecific combining sites, but to restricted classes of haptens; and (3) the ability of an animal to produce antibody as well as its antiidiotype. The consequences of the latter are discussed and lead to an interesting hypothetical conclusion. In addition, the model can give some insight into a number of other unusual immune phenomena. The discrepancy between the number of hypervariable regions predicted by the idealized model (four) and the number known to exist leads to the suggestion that a fourth region is yet to be realized or that permutation of parts may involve chain segments where each contains a hypervariable region, i.e. three 35 residue peptides for a variable domain. Thus, in this case each antibody chain would be coded for by four structural genes. The relation of this possibility to the episomal insertion model is discussed, as are experiments for testing the hypothesis.
Master Equation Analysis of Thermal Activation Reactions: Energy-Transfer Constraints on Falloff Behavior in the Decomposition of Reactive Intermediates with Low Thresholds

This paper deals with the high-temperature decomposition of reactive intermediates with low reaction thresholds. If these intermediates are created in situ, for example, through radical chain processes, their initial molecular distribution functions may be characteristic of the bath temperature and, under certain circumstances, peak at energies above the reaction threshold. Such an ordering of reaction thresholds and distribution functions has some similarities to that found during chemical activation. This leads to consequences that are essenially the inverse (larger rate constants than those deduced from steady-state distributions) of the situation for stable compounds under shock-heated conditions and hence reduces falloff effects. To study this behavior, rate constants for the unimolecular decomposition of allyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and n-hexyl radicals have been determined on the basis of the solution of the time-dependent master equation with specific rate constants from RRKM calculations. The time req...
Theory's role in shaping behavioral health research for population health.

The careful application of theory often is used in the behavioral health field to enhance our understanding of how the world currently works. But theory also can help us visualize what the world can become, particularly through its potential impacts on population-wide health. Applying a multi-level ecological perspective can help in expanding the field’s focus upward toward the population at large. While ecological frameworks have become increasingly popular, arguably such perspectives have fallen short of their potential to actively bridge conceptual constructs and, by extension, intervention approaches, across different levels of population impact. Theoretical and conceptual perspectives that explicitly span levels of impact offer arguably the greatest potential for achieving scientific insights that may in turn produce the largest population health effects. Examples of such “bridging” approaches include theories and models that span behavioral + micro-environment, behavioral + social/cultural, and social + physical environment constructs. Several recommendations are presented related to opportunities for leveraging theories to attain the greatest impact in the population health science field. These include applying the evidence obtained from person-level theories to inform methods for positively impacting the behaviors of community gatekeepers and decision-makers for greater population change and reach; leveraging the potential of residents as “citizen scientists”--a resource for enacting behavioral health changes at the individual, environmental, and policy levels; using empirical observations and theory in equal parts to build more robust, relevant, and solution-oriented behavior change programs; exploring moderators and mediators of change at levels of impact that go beyond the individual; and considering the circumstances in which applying conceptual methods that embrace a “complexity” as opposed to “causality” perspective may lead to more flexible and agile scientific approaches that could accelerate both population-relevant discoveries and applications in the field. The commentary closes with suggestions concerning additional areas to be considered to facilitate continued advances in the health behavior field more generally to attain the greatest impacts on population health.
Folding and Unfolding of γTIM Monomers and Dimers

Kinetic simulations of the folding and unfolding of triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) from yeast were conducted using a single monomer γTIM polypeptide chain that folds as a monomer and two γTIM chains that fold to the native dimer structure. The basic protein model used was a minimalist Gō model using the native structure to determine attractive energies in the protein chain. For each simulation type—monomer unfolding, monomer refolding, dimer unfolding, and dimer refolding—thirty simulations were conducted, successfully capturing each reaction in full. Analysis of the simulations demonstrates four main conclusions. First, all four simulation types have a similar “folding order”, i.e., they have similar structures in intermediate stages of folding between the unfolded and folded state. Second, despite this similarity, different intermediate stages are more or less populated in the four different simulations, with 1), no intermediates populated in monomer unfolding; 2), two intermediates populated with β2–β4 and β1–β5 regions folded in monomer refolding; 3), two intermediates populated with β2–β3 and β2–β4 regions folded in dimer unfolding; and 4), two intermediates populated with β1–β5 and β1–β5 + β6 + β7 + β8 regions folded in dimer refolding. Third, simulations demonstrate that dimer binding and unbinding can occur early in the folding process before complete monomer-chain folding. Fourth, excellent agreement is found between the simulations and MPAX (misincorporation proton alkyl exchange) experiments. In total, this agreement demonstrates that the computational Gō model is accurate for γTIM and that the energy landscape of γTIM appears funneled to the native state.
Generic Special Education Teacher Preparation: Emotional and Behavioral Disorders.

Abstract Many college and university teacher education units in KEYW ORDS the USA (94% or 47 states) now offer generic special education teacher preservice programs. However, training in disability categories, specifically emotional and behavioral disorders, is not intensive or extensive. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the incorporation of research based practices related to the instruction of students with emotional or behavioral disorders into an introductory emotional disorders course and practicum within a generic special education teacher preservice program. The collaborative partners in this study were elementary, middle, and high schools (serving students with special needs and their non-disabled peers) along with an urban university. The article reports the ?ndings of this collaborative effort and makes suggestions for future research.
Lower bounds on paraclique density

The scientific literature teems with clique-centric clustering strategies. In this paper we analyze one such method, the paraclique algorithm. Paraclique has found practical utility in a variety of application domains, and has been successfully employed to reduce the effects of noise. Nevertheless, its formal analysis and worst-case guarantees have remained elusive. We address this issue by deriving a series of lower bounds on paraclique densities.
POLITICAL LIBERALISM AND TRUTH

Every theory of justice requires a first-order theory specifying principles of justice, and a second-order view explaining why those principles constitute the correct principles of justice. According to John Rawls, political liberalism is committed to the two principles of justice specified in its first-order theory, “justice as fairness.” Justice as fairness, according to Rawls, in turn presupposes the second-order view that justice is a political conception. A political conception of justice treats the principles derived from the fundamental ideas in the public political culture as the correct principles of justice. Political liberalism, however, nowhere offers a defense of the view that justice is a political conception. Indeed, it even strives to avoid the admission that it presupposes that justice is a political conception by stating only that it uses a political conception of justice, while allowing that justice might not actually be a political conception. As to the truth of its second-order presupposition, political liberalism chooses to remain agnostic. Rawls claims that political liberalism has no choice at all. To do otherwise, he argues, would lead to an internal contradiction.
Effect of Heteroatomic d10 Interactions on the Optical Properties of Cu+ Doped Ag+-ß″-Alumina

The optical properties of Cu+ doped Ag+-s″-alumina are strongly affected by interactions between the d10 closed shell Cu+ and Ag+ ions. These effects can be distinguished from Cu+-Cu+ interactions previously observed in s″-alumina, and produce a strong red emission upon ultraviolet excitation.
A Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations (SLIM) Module for Collision Induced Dissociation.

A collision induced dissociation (CID) structure for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) module is introduced and coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer. The SLIM CID module was mounted after an ion mobility (IM) drift tube to enable IM/CID/MS studies. The efficiency of CID was studied by using the model peptide leucine enkephalin. CID efficiencies (62%) compared favorably with other beam-type CID methods. Additionally, the SLIM CID module was used to fragment a mixture of nine peptides after IM separation. This work also represents the first application of SLIM in the 0.3 to 0.5 Torr pressure regime, an order of magnitude lower in pressure than previously studied.
A review of blinatumomab, a novel immunotherapy

Blinatumomab is a novel bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T-cell engager recently approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. The drug was approved after a phase II trial in adults with relapsed/refractory disease demonstrated complete remission or hematologic complete remission in 43% of patients within two treatment cycles, of which 40% went on to receive an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. In a long-term survival analysis of patients with minimal residual disease after chemotherapy, hematologic relapse-free survival was estimated at 61% at a median of 33 months after blinatumomab. Nine patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and six patients remained in complete remission without hematopoietic stem cell transplant or further therapy. Limited data in relapsed pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia are reviewed. Blinatumomab carries boxed warnings for neurotoxicity and cytokine release syndrome, which may be serious and lead to treatment interruption and discontinuation. Clinical controversies with blinatumomab include use in patients with Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, dosing in underweight adults, and the optimal management of cytokine release syndrome. Oncology pharmacists must be aware of detailed preparation and administration procedures required for safe use of blinatumomab. Clinical trials are ongoing in the first-line setting for patients with Ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and other B-cell malignancies.
Effect of Different Levels of Silicon Supply on the Photosynthetic Properties and Water Utilization Efficiency of Paeonia lactiflora Pall.

A pot culture experiment using photosynthesis test system was conducted to study the effect of different levels of silicon(Si)supply on the photosynthetic properties and water utilization efficiency in different periods of Paeonia lactiflora Pall..The results showed that no matter what period,the SPAD value,net photosynthesis rate,stomatal conductance and water utilization efficiency of the Paeonia lactiflora Pall.leaves increased firstly,and reached the highest at the level of 60mg/kg dry matrix,where on the contrary,the transpiration rate changed oppositely.The photosynthetic properties and water utilization efficiency were still better than CK when at the level of 80mg/kg dry matrix,and no seriously affected were occurred on Paeonia lactiflora Pall.plants.
Analysis of the characteristics of the HA1 gene of the Yamagata lineage of the influenza B virus isolated in 2012

Objectives To study the characteristics of the HA1 gene of the Yamagata lineage of the influenza B virus isolated in the City of Handan in 2012,and to elucidate the relationship between the influenza epidemic/outbreak and variation in the HA1 gene. Methods Viruses were isolated and propagated using MDCK cells.The HA1 gene was amplified using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The purified PCR products were sequenced.The data were analyzed with the software DNAStar. Results The B/Florida/4/2006vaccine strain had a nucleotide similarity of 96.2%-96.8% to the influenza virus isolates from the City of Handan in 2012 and an amino acid similarity of 96.5%-97.4%.Nine amino acids were substituted,6 of which were located in the antigenic epitope.The influenza virus isolates from the City of Handan had a nucleotide similarity of 98.8%-99.4%to B/Wisconsin/1/2010,which was the vaccine strain from 2012-2013 recommended by the WHO,and an amino acid similarity of 97.4%-98.5%.Five amino acids were substituted,3 of which were located in the antigenic epitope. Conclusion The Yamagata lineage of the influenza B virus isolated in 2012 is a new variant compared to B/Florida/4/2006 and has new mutations in comparison to B/Wisconsin/1/2010.However,this study was unable to determine whether or not the influenza virus isolates from the City of Handan should be classified as a new variant typical of the Yamagata lineage.
Reappearance of end-diastolic velocities in the umbilical artery following maternal volume expansion: a preliminary study.

Although ACOG recommends human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing of pregnant women who are "at increased risk" of HIV infection, more explicit recommendations do not exist. We suggest three stages of collecting clinical clues that may enhance the identification of HIV-infected women. The first considers traditional HIV-risk behaviors. The second incorporates the answers to specific questions in the clinical history, and the third considers the results of standard blood tests obtained during routine obstetric-gynecologic visits.
The Practice of School Psychology in Quebec English Schools: Current Challenges and Opportunities.

In Quebec, school psychology is alive and well. This article outlines current challenges and opportunities related to the practice of psychology in Quebec English schools. Changes to the practice of psychology in Quebec over the last decade have had an impact on the delivery of psychological services in schools. Modifications of the admission criteria to the Order of Psychologists and the passage of Bill 21 have affected the profession both positively and negatively. For the English-speaking educational community, school psychology remains highly valued, particularly in light of the overall paucity of services in the province for these youth.
A structured literature synthesis of wrist outcome measures: An evidence-based approach to determine use among common wrist diagnoses.

Abstract Study Design Structured literature synthesis. Introduction Hand therapists and researchers have numerous options when selecting outcome measures for patients with wrist pathologies. An evidence-based approach to determining which measures are used most often can inform choices. Purpose of the Study To describe how frequently outcome measures are used in recent randomized controlled trials of patients with wrist diagnoses. Identifying assessment design and related International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) domains provides additional consideration for selection. Methods Systematic PubMed and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature searches for the time frame between January 2005 and March 2015 captured measures used in randomized controlled trials researching wrist-specific fractures, ligament injuries, nerve injuries, arthritis/arthroplasty, or stress injuries/wrist pain. Results Three most frequent measures used within each diagnostic category are detailed with assessment design described and ICF domain identified. Across diagnoses, grip/pinch strength and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand were the most frequently used physical and patient-reported outcome measures, respectively. The Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test was the most frequently used performance measure. Discussion and Conclusions Consideration of the evidence, ICF domains, wrist diagnoses, and assessment design can help hand therapists select the measure most appropriate for use. Level of evidence 2a.
Brain Metastases in Patients with Gynecologic Cancers: A Single Institution Experience and Review of the Literature.

Objective: Brain Metastasis (BM) from primary gynecologic cancers is a rare entity. The advances and successes in the treatment of primary gynecologic malignancies, have led to prolonged survival and, a higher incidence of BM. This study aims to report the experience at our institution in managing these patients, and provide possible data points that may be essential to note as prognostic factors, and see if our findings are consistent with the literature in this subject. We also aim to provide a brief literature review of patients with gynecologic cancers and BM. Methods: This is a small single institution retrospective study of 23 patients with a gynecologic malignancy and BM, identified between the years 2007-2015. Data were collected on variables including patient demographics, disease and treatment. Results: The median overall survival from the primary diagnosis was 28 months. Median time from diagnosis of BM to death was 9 months. Conclusion: The outcomes in our study are similar to what is stated in the current literature with regard to BM from gynecologic malignancies. Our literature search also revealed that the molecular analysis and treatment of the primary tumor remain important to prevent BMs. The tendency of tumors to metastasize varies for one tumor type to another for the same type of tumor. The tendency to develop BM may not only depend on risk factors such as stage, grade, and histology, but also on the genetic profile of the primary tumor. The study suggests that multimodal treatment of BM has better outcomes in managing BM from gynecologic cancers.
Process effluents and mine tailings: sources, effects and management and role of nanotechnology

Increasing population levels, growing economies, rapid urbanization and changes in consumption patterns have increased the demand for raw materials such as base and precious metals, leading to growing concerns regarding their availability and the global efficiency of the mine supply chain. Mine tailings, consisting of process effluents that are generated in a mineral processing plant, are generally transferred to tailings ponds/impoundments to meet environmental regulations and site-specific factors before discharge. Most mining activities induce an impact on their geochemical environment (e.g., water, groundwater) due to the presence of metal-rich tailing deposits. The need for a comprehensive framework for mine tailings management that promotes sustainable development is therefore becoming increasingly recognized by the mining industry. Therefore, for sustainable rehabilitation and disposal of mining waste, the sources and mechanisms of pollutant generation and their subsequent effect on environment and sustainable treatment methods are critical. This review includes information on different sources of mining waters and its effect on groundwater contamination and ecological effects. The review also encompasses a broad range of mine water treatment strategies available for innovative management of mining tailings with a specific emphasis on the role of nanoparticles in the management of mine waters.
Pathogenic CD4+ T cells in patients with asthma

Asthma encompasses a variety of clinical phenotypes that involve distinct T cell–driven inflammatory processes. Improved understanding of human T-cell biology and the influence of innate cytokines on T-cell responses at the epithelial barrier has led to new asthma paradigms. This review captures recent knowledge on pathogenic CD4+ T cells in asthmatic patients by drawing on observations in mouse models and human disease. In patients with allergic asthma, TH2 cells promote IgE-mediated sensitization, airway hyperreactivity, and eosinophilia. Here we discuss recent discoveries in the myriad molecular pathways that govern the induction of TH2 differentiation and the critical role of GATA-3 in this process. We elaborate on how cross-talk between epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and innate lymphoid cells translates to T-cell outcomes, with an emphasis on the actions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-25, and IL-33 at the epithelial barrier. New concepts on how T-cell skewing and epitope specificity are shaped by multiple environmental cues integrated by dendritic cell “hubs” are discussed. We also describe advances in understanding the origins of atypical TH2 cells in asthmatic patients, the role of TH1 cells and other non-TH2 types in asthmatic patients, and the features of T-cell pathogenicity at the single-cell level. Progress in technologies that enable highly multiplexed profiling of markers within a single cell promise to overcome barriers to T-cell discovery in human asthmatic patients that could transform our understanding of disease. These developments, along with novel T cell–based therapies, position us to expand the assortment of molecular targets that could facilitate personalized treatments.
Multi-level Governance, Civic Capacity, and Overcoming the Climate Change “Adaptation Deficit” in Baltimore, Maryland

This chapter explores the policy and planning efforts of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, with respect to climate change adaptation using the institutional analysis and development framework. The city’s innovative combined disaster preparedness and climate change adaptation plan was adopted in 2013 and situated within a complex, multi-level climate governance regime established in 2007. It’s planning efforts have been recognized for their high quality from the federal government and nonprofit organizations. Additionally, city staff chose to build civic capacity on climate change resilience early in its implementation efforts, reaching more than one thousand residents to date. Yet civic dialogue around climate adaptation or private adaptive action has not emerged. Instead, adaptation efforts appear squarely rooted within the governmental realm and subject to resource constraints of its primary institutions, leaders, and staff. Thus, the Baltimore case reveals both the resilience of staff when conducting climate adaptation planning in an atmosphere of fiscal constraint, and the difficulties in fostering a community-wide sense of responsibility for climate adaptation action.
Bystander Programs: Accommodating or Derailing Sexism?

Bystander programs implemented to meet federal requirements to reduce sexual assaults on college campuses in the United States must include primary prevention. Survey data (n = 280) and interview data (n = 20) presented in this paper explore students’ hypothetical and actual willingness to intervene as bystanders. Although most students surveyed (57%) claim they would be very likely to intervene, fewer than half would be very suspicious of someone leading away an intoxicated individual at a party (45% of women and 28% of men: p < 0.01). Interview data reveal how students perceive risk factors at college parties and what types of bystander measures they attempt, including “distractions”, a nonconfrontational tactic in which bystanders avoid more direct but socially risky interventions. Subsumed in many current bystander programs is an invisible element of valorizing harmony. Condoning bystanders’ unwillingness to directly confront seemingly predatory individuals could make change seem out of reach and could also embolden offenders whose behavior is observed and only temporarily thwarted.
Abstract 16324: Genetic Predisposition Influences Anticoagulation Control and Major Hemorrhage Among Warfarin Users

Objective: Genetic variants in Cytochrome P450 2C9 ( CYP2C9 ) and Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 ( VKORC1 ) are recognized predictors of warfarin dose. However, their influence on percent time in target range (PTTR; INR range 2-3), overanticoagulation (INR>4) and risk of major hemorrhage have not been extensively evaluated. Herein, categorizing warfarin users possessing CYP2C9 (*2,*3,*5,*6,*11) and/or VKORC1 (-1639 C>T) variants as sensitive responders, we evaluated whether sensitive responders (vs. normal) were more likely to have lower PTTR and a higher risk of overanticoagulation and major hemorrhage. Methods: The analysis included 1262 participants [310 sensitive responders (SR); 952 normal responders (NR)] in a warfarin pharmacogenetics inception cohort. The Rosendaal interpolation method was used to compute the PTTR, percent time above range (PTAR) and percent time below range (PTBR). Major hemorrhages included serious, life threatening and fatal bleeding events. The influence of responder status (SR vs. NR) on PTTR, PTBR, and PBAR was evaluated using linear regression, and overanticoagulation and hemorrhage by Cox proportional hazards analysis adjusting for clinical factors. Results: Participants were followed for an average of 1.4 (± 0.9) years; with 1799 person-years (pyr) accrued. There was no difference in PTTR between SRs (54.4% vs. 53.8%, p=0.66) compared to NRs. However SRs had higher PTAR (20.3% vs. 16.7%, p=0.005) and lower PTBR (25.2% vs. 29.5%, p=0.01) and were more likely to experience over-anticoagulation (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.23-1.56, p SRs had higher incidence of hemorrhage compared to NRs ((IRR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.04-2.08, p=0.03). After adjusting for clinical factors, SRs remained at a higher risk for hemorrhage (HR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.23-2.68, p=0.003). Conclusion: Warfarin users possessing CYP2C9 and/or VKORC1 variants are sensitive responders, spending higher percent of time above target INR range. These patients are more likely to experience overanticoagulation and major hemorrhagic events. Future research evaluating alterative treatment strategy including candidacy for the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants is needed.
Rapid and controlled photo-induced thiol–ene wrinkle formation via flowcoating

Spatially controlled wrinkle formation on an elastomeric substrate is achieved through flowcoating of a nanometer thick, high modulus thiol–ene film laminated on a millimeter-thick thiol–ene elastomer. The elastomer substrate is formed via photopolymerization of thiol and ene monomers with a slight stoichiometric excess of thiol to yield a 2.3 MPa elastomer. Separately, thiol and ene monomers, with a higher degree of functionality, are flow coated onto a glass slide and photopolymerized under ambient conditions to yield a 1.9 GPa film tens of nanometers thick. The photocrosslinked thin film is transferred onto the strained elastomer to spontaneously produce wrinkles upon strain release. Careful selection of thiol and ene monomers facilitate tuning of the film and elastomer mechanical properties, while stoichiometry control (i.e., excess thiols in the elastomer and excess enes in the film) allows covalent attachment of the film to the elastomer to prevent delamination upon elastomer destrain. Photopatterning of a flowcoated thin film is demonstrated, which, when wrinkled, generates a very distinct pattern of aligned wrinkle structures with clearly defined boundaries. Finally, by coating and photopatterning in sequence, spatial wrinkle wavelength control is readily attained by defining the film thickness at any given point.
Glaucomatous cell derived matrices differentially modulate non-glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cellular behavior.

Abstract Ocular hypertension is a causal risk-factor to developing glaucoma. This is associated with stiffening of the trabecular meshwork (TM), the primary site of resistance to aqueous-humor-outflow. The mechanisms underlying this stiffening or how pathologic extracellular matrix (ECM) affects cell function are poorly understood. It is recognized that mechanotransduction systems allow cells to sense and translate the intrinsic biophysical properties of ECM into intracellular signals to control gene transcription, protein expression, and cell behavior. Using an anterior segment perfusion model, we document that there are significantly more low flow regions that are much stiffer, and fewer high flow regions that are less stiff in glaucomatous TM (GTM) when compared to non-glaucomatous TMs (NTM). GTM tissue also has fewer cells overall when compared with NTM tissue. In order to study the role of pathologic ECM in glaucoma disease progression, we conducted studies using cell derived matrices (CDM). First, we characterized the mechanics, composition and organization of fibronectin in ECM deposited by GTM and NTM cells treated with glucocorticosteroids. Then, we determined that these GTM-derived ECM are able to induce stiffening of normal NTM cells, and alter their gene/protein expression to resemble that of a glaucomatous phenotype. Further, we demonstrate that GTM-derived ECM causes endoplasmic reticular stress in NTM. They also became resistant to being reorganized by these NTM cells. These phenomena were exacerbated by ECMs obtained from steroid treated glaucoma model groups. Collectively, our data demonstrates that CDMs represent a novel tool for the study of bidirectional interactions between TM cells and their immediate microenvironment. Statement of Significance Extracellular matrix (ECM) changes are prevalent in a number of diseases. The precise mechanisms by which changes in the ECM contribute to disease progression is unclear, primarily due to absence of appropriate models. Here, using glaucoma as a disease model, we document changes in cell derived matrix (CDM) and tissue mechanics that contribute to the pathology. Subsequently, we determine the effect that ECMs from diseased and healthy individuals have on healthy cell behaviors. Data emanating from this study demonstrate that CDMs are a potent tool for the study of cell-ECM interactions.
Poesía en/de transición: Raúl Zurita y "La vida nueva"

El articulo explora la significacion de La vida nueva en el contexto de la obra de Raul Zurita. Propone ademas, que este libro es el producto de una situacion social especifica de la sociedad chilena en el marco de la llamada "Transicion politica a la democracia", y como, de manera mas o menos sutil, intenta reescribir cierto tipo de texto poetico cuyo antecedente mas visible es el Canto General de Neruda. This article explores the significance of Zurita 's "La Vida Nueva" in the context of the poet's entire work. lt furthermore proposes that the book is the product of a specific social situation in Chilean society within the frame of the so-called "Political transition towards democracy", and how in a more or less subtle manner it intends to re-write a certain type of poetical text whose clearest antecedent is P. Neruda's "Canto General".
Sequential Immunizations with heterosubtypic virus-like particles elicit cross protection against divergent influenza A viruses in mice

Seasonal influenza vaccines have proven to be effective against well-matched viruses in healthy adults. However, rapid accumulation of mutations in the main antigenic surface proteins of influenza can compromise the efficiency of flu vaccines. Occasionally, influenza pandemics arise and present a different type of challenge to current seasonal vaccines. Novel vaccination strategies that can educate the host immune system to generate immune responses focusing on conserved epitopes on theses antigenic surface proteins are crucial for controlling and limiting influenza epidemics and pandemics. In this study, we have sequentially vaccinated mice with heterosubtypic influenza HA virus-like particles (VLPs) harboring H1, H8, and H13 from the HA phylogenetic group 1, or H3, H4, and H10 from the HA phylogenetic group 2, or in various combinations. The immunized animals were fully protected when challenged with lethal doses of heterosubtypic viruses from either phylogenetic group. Our vaccination approach demonstrates a promising strategy for the development of a 'universal influenza vaccine'.
Understanding the Liver Under Heat Stress With Statistical Learning: A Multiomics Computational Approach

We present results from a pipeline developed to integrate multi-omics data in order to explore the heat stress response in the liver of the modern broiler chicken. Heat stress is a significant cause of productivity loss in the poultry industry, both in terms of increased livestock morbidity and its negative influence on average feed efficiency. This study focuses on the liver because it is an important regulator of metabolism, controlling many of the physiological processes impacted by prolonged heat stress. Using statistical learning methods, we identify genes and metabolites that may regulate the heat stress response in the liver and adaptations required to acclimate to prolonged heat stress. Our findings provide more detailed context for genomic studies and generates hypotheses about dietary interventions that can mitigate the negative influence of heat stress on the poultry industry.
Assessment of A Reaction Mechanism for Catalytic Dimerization of Ethylene on Palladium Exchanged Na-X and Ca-X Zeolites Based on Reaction Intermediates Detected By Electron Spin Echo Methods

Abstract Results on the catalysis of ethylene dimerization by palladium exchanged X zeolites are critically assessed. The reaction is found to occur after an induction period which is due in part to reduction of Pd 2+ and Pd 3+ ions to Pd + ions and their migration towards the zeolite supercage. Paramagnetic palladium species are formed prior to detection of product butene and are assigned to Pd + -C 2 H 4 and Pd + -(C 2 H 4 ) 2 based on electron spin echo modulation analysis. These newly detected intermediates are used to develop a molecular mechanism mechanism for ethylene dimerization within zeolites.
Surgery of Posterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysm

This case illustration was a 62-year-old male presenting with the acute onset of worst headache of life symptoms (Hunt and Hess grade 2). Head computed tomography (CT) revealed Fisher grade 3 subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
Pipeline Sizing Based on Computer Simulation

Flow-diversion treatment of cerebral aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device (Covidien, Irvine, California) has been around for nearly 13 years, yet we are still struggling with some fundamental issues, such as optimal device-size selection and optimal flow diversion (ie, which aneurysms