cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Children's Attitudes Toward Health Care and Responses to Stressful Medical Procedures

Assessed factors hypothesized to influence children's and mothers' attitudes toward health care phenomena and children's distress during a stressful medical procedure in a pediatric outpatient clinic. Children, ages 6-11 years, and their mothers attending a county health department for a well-child physical examination participated. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated that several factors, including age, health locus of control, and maternal health care attitudes were significant predictors and/or correlates of children's attitudes toward health care and their behavioral responses during an aversive procedure. Implications of these findings for health prevention and education efforts with children are discussed.
The inhalation of drugs: Advantages and problems

Inhalation is a very old method of drug delivery, and in the 20th century it became a mainstay of respiratory care, known as aerosol therapy. Use of inhaled epinephrine for relief of asthma was reported as early as 1929, in England. An early version of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) was the Aerohalor, used to administer penicillin dust to treat respiratory infections. In the 1950s, the Wright nebulizer was the precursor of the modern hand-held jet-venturi nebulizer. In 1956, the first metered-dose inhaler (MDI) was approved for clinical use, followed by the SpinHaler DPI for cromolyn sodium in 1971. The scientific basis for aerosol therapy developed relatively late, following the 1974 Sugarloaf Conference on the scientific basis of respiratory therapy. Early data on the drug-delivery efficiency of the common aerosol delivery devices (MDI, DPI, and nebulizer) showed lung deposition of approximately 10-15% of the total, nominal dose. Despite problems with low lung deposition with all of the early devices, evidence accumulated that supported the advantages of the inhalation route over other drug-administration routes. Inhaled drugs are localized to the target organ, which generally allows for a lower dose than is necessary with systemic delivery (oral or injection), and thus fewer and less severe adverse effects. The 3 types of aerosol device (MDI, DPI, and nebulizer) can be clinically equivalent. It may be necessary to increase the number of MDI puffs to achieve results equivalent to the larger nominal dose from a nebulizer. Design and lung-deposition improvement of MDIs, DPIs, and nebulizers are exemplified by the new hydrofluoroalkane-propelled MDI formulation of beclomethasone, the metered-dose liquid-spray Respimat, and the DPI system of the Spiros. Differences among aerosol delivery devices create challenges to patient use and caregiver instruction. Potential improvements in aerosol delivery include better standardization of function and patient use, greater reliability, and reduction of drug loss.
A Genetic Strategy for the Dynamic and Graded Control of Cell Mechanics, Motility, and Matrix Remodeling

Cellular mechanical properties have emerged as central regulators of many critical cell behaviors, including proliferation, motility, and differentiation. Although investigators have developed numerous techniques to influence these properties indirectly by engineering the extracellular matrix (ECM), relatively few tools are available to directly engineer the cells themselves. Here we present a genetic strategy for obtaining graded, dynamic control over cellular mechanical properties by regulating the expression of mutant mechanotransductive proteins from a single copy of a gene placed under a repressible promoter. With the use of constitutively active mutants of RhoA GTPase and myosin light chain kinase, we show that varying the expression level of either protein produces graded changes in stress fiber assembly, traction force generation, cellular stiffness, and migration speed. Using this approach, we demonstrate that soft ECMs render cells maximally sensitive to changes in RhoA activity, and that by modulating the ability of cells to engage and contract soft ECMs, we can dynamically control cell spreading, migration, and matrix remodeling. Thus, in addition to providing quantitative relationships between mechanotransductive signaling, cellular mechanical properties, and dynamic cell behaviors, this strategy enables us to control the physical interactions between cells and the ECM and thereby dictate how cells respond to matrix properties.
Vacuum soft lithography to direct neuronal polarization

The ability to coat surfaces with pre-determined patterns of biomolecules by soft lithography has found use in areas ranging from fundamental biology to translational medicine, such as tissue engineering and diagnostics. However, existing surface patterning techniques (e.g., microcontact printing and traditional lithography) are unable to pattern several biomolecules in a single step. Here we introduce a simple method to simultaneously pattern multiple biomolecules in complex two-dimensional configurations onto substrates with better than 2 µm resolution. This protocol, termed vacuum soft lithography, utilized below ambient pressures temporarily stored within a removable microfluidic template to expose specific regions of a substrate to multiple biochemical solutions. We demonstrate the utility of this vacuum soft lithography technique by fabricating a multi-component array that directs the adhesion, polarization, and neurite guidance of primary hippocampal neurons.
Vaccination of cancer patients against telomerase induces functional antitumor CD8+ T lymphocytes.

Purpose: High-level expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in >85% of human cancers, in contrast with its restricted expression in normal adult tissues, points to hTERT as a broadly applicable molecular target for anticancer immunotherapy. CTLs recognize peptides derived from hTERT and kill hTERT+ tumor cells of multiple histologies in vitro . Moreover, because survival of hTERT+ tumor cells requires functionally active telomerase, hTERT mutation or loss as a means of escape may be incompatible with sustained tumor growth. Experimental Design: A Phase I clinical trial was performed to evaluate the clinical and immunological impact of vaccinating advanced cancer patients with the HLA-A2-restricted hTERT I540 peptide presented with keyhole limpet hemocyanin by ex vivo generated autologous dendritic cells. Results: As measured by peptide/MHC tetramer, enzyme-linked immunospot, and cytotoxicity assays, hTERT-specific T lymphocytes were induced in 4 of 7 patients with advanced breast or prostate carcinoma after vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed with hTERT peptide. Tetramer-guided high-speed sorting and polyclonal expansion achieved highly enriched populations of hTERT-specific cells that killed tumor cells in an MHC- restricted fashion. Despite concerns of telomerase activity in rare normal cells, no significant toxicity was observed. Partial tumor regression in 1 patient was associated with the induction of CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the immunological feasibility of vaccinating patients against telomerase and provide rationale for targeting self-antigens with critical roles in oncogenesis.
Amplitude detection inside CMOS LC oscillators

In this paper we demonstrate that an intrinsic amplitude detector exists in negative resistance CMOS LC oscillators. The DC bias on the common-mode node in CMOS VCOs depends on the oscillation amplitude. Amplitude control loops can thus be built without a separate amplitude detector. Insights in possible AM to PM noise mechanisms are also derived.
Fuzzy edge-symmetry features for improved intruder detection

The paper proposes a new set of fuzzy features based on symmetry of edges for improving the accuracy of detecting intruders. We show that the proposed fuzzy edge-symmetry feature-based classifier is comparable to the detection accuracy of a multi-scale wavelet feature system for intruder detection. We also present two approaches to fusing the results of classifiers trained independently on the edge-symmetry and wavelet features. Experimental results clearly indicate the improvement in system performance when the results of the two classifiers are fused.
Immunology for the rheumatologist

Over the past century, immunologic responses have been investigated in great detail, and our understanding of both innate and adaptive immunity has increased greatly. Our greater understanding of basic immunology has clearly led to an improved understanding of the pathophysiology that occurs in rheumatic disease. Indeed, many of the advances in immunology have come about as a result of investigations into the pathologic mechanisms at work in rheumatic disease. Moreover, in the latter two decades of the twentieth century, the pace of discovery in immunology, as in biology generally, has increased logarithmically. During the past decade, dramatic leaps in our understanding of the basic pathophysiology of the rheumatic diseases have led to the development of new agents for the treatment of rheumatic disease. Ranging from small molecules to whole antibodies targeted to very specific proteins, rheumatic disease therapy has changed radically. Moreover, because of the effectively targeted nature of newer therapies, consideration of novel toxicities plays a larger role in designing targeted therapies for our patients as well as developing new agents to treat rheumatic diseases. Thus it is more incumbent on the rheumatologist to understand the basics of immunology. In this issue of the Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, elements of the innate immune system are covered in several articles devoted to the role of complement, vascular endothelium, phagocytes, and small molecule mediators of inflammation and anti-inflammation in the immune response. Dendritic cells are critical to the transition from innate to adaptive immunity, and their function is covered here as well. Advances in our understanding of the cells of the adaptive
Computer-controlled steering of the Apollo spacecraft.

Apollo spacecraft powered maneuvering controlled by digital computer as central element in guidance, navigation and control system
Modeled Antarctic Precipitation. Part II: ENSO Modulation over West Antarctica*

The impacts of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Antarctic region are of special importance in evaluating the variability and change of the climate system in high southern latitudes. In this study, the ENSO signal in modeled precipitation over West Antarctica since 1979 is evaluated using forecast precipitation from several meteorological analyses and reanalyses. Additionally, a dynamical retrieval method (DRM) for precip- itation is applied. Over the last two decades, the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) has an overall anticorrelation with precipitation over the West Antarctic sector bounded by 758-908S, 1208W-1808 while it is positively correlated with precipitation over the South Atlantic sector bounded by 658-758S, 308-608W. Decadal variations are found as the relationship between the SOI and West Antarctic precipitation is stronger in the 1990s than that in the 1980s. The polar front jet stream, West Antarctic precipitation, and the SOI show a well-ordered correspondence during the 1990s as the jet zonal speed is negatively correlated to the SOI and positively correlated to West Antarctic precipitation. These relationships are weaker during the 1980s, consistent with the change in sign of the correlation between the SOI and West Antarctic precipitation. The decadal variations are apparently related to changes in the quasi-stationary eddies that determine the local onshore and offshore flow over West Antarctica.
An Ensemble Approach for the Estimation of Observational Error Illustrated for a Nominal 1° Global Ocean Model

AbstractLeast squares algorithms for data assimilation require estimates of both background error covariances and observational error covariances. The specification of these errors is an essential part of designing an assimilation system; the relative sizes of these uncertainties determine the extent to which the state variables are drawn toward the observational information. Observational error covariances are typically computed as the sum of measurement/instrumental errors and “representativeness error.” In a coarse-resolution ocean general circulation model the errors of representation are the dominant contribution to observational error covariance over large portions of the globe, and the size of these errors will vary by the type of observation and the geographic region. They may also vary from model to model. A straightforward approach for estimating model-dependent, spatially varying observational error variances that are suitable for least squares ocean data assimilating systems is presented here....
Dynamic responses of intact post mortem human surrogates from inferior-to-superior loading at the pelvis

During certain events such as underbody blasts due to improvised explosive devices, occupants in military vehicles are exposed to inferior-to-superior loading from the pelvis. Injuries to the pelvis-sacrum-lumbar spine complex have been reported from these events. The mechanism of load transmission and potential variables defining the migration of injuries between pelvis and or spinal structures are not defined. This study applied inferior-to-superior impacts to the tuberosities of the ischium of supine-positioned five post mortem human subjects (PMHS) using different acceleration profiles, defined using shape, magnitude and duration parameters. Seventeen tests were conducted. Overlay temporal plots were presented for normalized (impulse momentum approach) forces and accelerations of the sacrum and spine. Scatter plots showing injury and non-injury data as a function of peak normalized forces, pulse characteristics, impulse and power, loading rate and sacrum and spine accelerations were evaluated as potential metrics related to pathological outcomes with the focus of examining the role of the pulse characteristics from inferior-to-superior loading of the pelvis-sacrum-lumbar spine complex. Interrelationships were explored between non-fracture and fracture outcomes, and fracture patterns with a focus on migration of injuries from the hiponly to hip and spine to spine-only regions. Observations indicate that injury to the pelvis and or spine from inferior-to-superior loading is associated with pulse and not just peak velocity. The role of the effect of mass recruitment and injury migration parallel knee-thigh-hip complex studies, suggest a wider application of the recruitment concept and the role of the pulse characteristics. Language: en
Optimal physician assignment and patient demand allocation in an outpatient care network

Due to significant supply-demand imbalance in outpatient specialty care, many patients are either denied of access to care or imposed with serious travel burden. An important reason for poor access is the fact that many outpatient specialty consultation appointments are scheduled at central hospitals, which could be far away from patient residence. To improve access, physicians working for integrated multi-site care networks are asked to hold their consultation sessions in outreach clinics that are closer to patient's residence. We develop a new type of integer programming model, which is characterized as a multi-commodity traveling capacitated facility location problem, to determine travel assignments for physicians and appointment locations for patients. Given the large spatial variability in patient demand, solving the resultant integer program is computationally demanding. We thus propose several column generation based primal heuristic algorithms to construct physicians' assignments and develop several local search algorithms to further improve the assignments. We conduct case studies based on the mental health care delivery in Veteran Affairs Care Networks. Our numerical studies demonstrate the solution efficiency of the developed algorithms and the potential of achieving significant improvement in patient access to care. HighlightsA new care delivery scheme for integrated multi-site care networks is proposed.Assigning physicians from hospitals to outreach clinics improves access to care.A new extension of facility location problem is proposed and formulated.Column generation based primal heuristics and local search heuristics are developed.Tradeoff between improved access to care and physician work time loss is studied.
Biochemical Genetics of the Bacterial Insect-Control Agent Bacillus thuringiensis: Basic Principles and Prospects for Genetic Engineering

Biochimie et genetique des endotoxines delta de B-thuringiensis. Perspectives d'utilisation du genie genetique pour augmenter la production de la toxine
Optical density measurements in canine tibias in situ.

Summary and ConclusionIn 13 trials in 9 dogs, when the intact tibias were perfused by way of the femoral artery with blood and cardio-green dye at a constant rate (set to maintain equivalent blood pressure), the average pulsatile OD activity was 0.21 ± 0.03% and 0.15 ± 0.04%, respectively, when compared to the total OD change seen with the perfusion of the bone with saline. These results indicate that the majority of the pulsatile activity was due to volume changes within the bones' vascular system and not due to flow-related phenomena. When in six dogs, 24 injections of acetylcholine (60–90 μg) and 26 injections of norepinephrine (8–10 μg) were made into the femoral artery under constant flow conditions, the mean maximum total OD decreased 16% and 18%, respectively. These changes were most probably due to changes in the bone vascular volume.The authors wish to thank Miss Paula Phillips, Mr. James Bland, and Miss Sandra Hershberger for their fine technical assistance.
Selected U.S. Tax Issues in Cross-Border Securitization Transactions

Mythical Investment Bank has your client excited about securitizations again. Today's proposal indicates that domestic securitizations are passe. Nowadays, cross-border securitizations are the thing. You client spent a restless night, with nightmares of Enron investigations mingling with visions of triumphant closing dinners. Her first call in the morning was to a securities lawyer - the second call, because you have trained your client well, was to you, the tax guru. You can do domestic deals in your sleep, but now you are trying to remember the additional layers of U.S. tax issues arising when the deal crosses the border. This article briefly describes certain U.S. tax considerations in structuring and analyzing outbound cross-border asset securitization transactions.
Leukopenia: A Guide Toward Pathogenesis

An investigation into the cause of leukopenia must include, in addition to conventional bone marrow smears, histologic sections of marrow fragments. A great deal of helpful information can be obtained by a careful inspection of a peripheral blood film. A working classification of leukopenia is offered consisting of five major categories, and illustrative material from representative cases is presented.
Back to the Future: Crowdsourcing Innovation by Refocusing Science Education

Traditional science education has an unfortunately dogmatic character: students are taught scientific conclusions, but they learn very little about the chronological steps by which those conclusions were established. In particular, science education does not give future scientists an adequate understanding of the fact that the fundamental scientific principles which support modern technology began life as controversial hypotheses. But if we want a future in which further liberating innovations are the norm, we must find a way to produce scientists and engineers who are comfortable with controversy and have sound judgment about which controversial issues and hypotheses are fruitful to engage with. A natural way to achieve this goal—and to help science education better capture the true nature of science in the process—is to refocus science education around historical scientific controversies and their eventual resolutions.
On a hitherto unexploited extension of the finitary standpoint

P. Bernays has pointed out that, in order to prove the consistency of classical number theory, it is necessary to extend Hilbert's finitary standpoint by admitting certain abstract concepts in addition to the combinatorial concepts referring to symbols. The abstract concepts that so far have been used for this purpose are those of the constructive theory of ordinals and those of intuitionistic logic. It is shown that the concept of a computable function of finite simple type over the integers can be used instead, where no other procedures of constructing such functions are necessary except simple recursion by an integral variable and substitution of functions in each other (starting with trivial functions).
Bounded relative motion under zonal harmonics perturbations

The problem of finding natural bounded relative trajectories between the different units of a distributed space system is of great interest to the astrodynamics community. This is because most popular initialization methods still fail to establish long-term bounded relative motion when gravitational perturbations are involved. Recent numerical searches based on dynamical systems theory and ergodic maps have demonstrated that bounded relative trajectories not only exist but may extend up to hundreds of kilometers, i.e., well beyond the reach of currently available techniques. To remedy this, we introduce a novel approach that relies on neither linearized equations nor mean-to-osculating orbit element mappings. The proposed algorithm applies to rotationally symmetric bodies and is based on a numerical method for computing quasi-periodic invariant tori via stroboscopic maps, including extra constraints to fix the average of the nodal period and RAAN drift between two consecutive equatorial plane crossings of the quasi-periodic solutions. In this way, bounded relative trajectories of arbitrary size can be found with great accuracy as long as these are allowed by the natural dynamics and the physical constraints of the system (e.g., the surface of the gravitational attractor). This holds under any number of zonal harmonics perturbations and for arbitrary time intervals as demonstrated by numerical simulations about an Earth-like planet and the highly oblate primary of the binary asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4.
Highly-branched cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide) with enhanced ionic conductivity

Polymers containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) have been investigated for solid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries, which are preferred to be amorphous and have flexible polymer chains to achieve high Li ion conductivity. This paper reports ionic conductivity in a series of cross-linked PEOs prepared from poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA, monomer) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, cross-linker) via photopolymerization. The resulting copolymers contain short PEO side chains and thus high content of amorphous PEO. While the cross-linking enhances mechanical strength for solid electrolytes, the introduction of PEGMEA with methoxyl chain end groups decreases Tg and increases ionic conductivity. The use of acrylate groups for polymerization, instead of methacrylate groups, also yields low Tg and thus high conductivity. The effect of PEGMEA content, salt content, and temperature on the ionic conductivity was thoroughly investigated, and it was satisfactorily described using the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT) equation. The effectiveness of PEO-based polymers used for solid electrolytes in advanced lithium batteries was also elucidated based on the VFT equation.
Breaking with Tradition: Quantifying the Performance Impact of Nontraditional Stakeholder Involvement

AbstractThe traditional approach of stakeholders’ involvement in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) projects typically consists of the architect or engineer’s (A/E) involvement in th...
Quantitative Comparison of Two-photon and Three-photon Activity Imaging of GCaMP6s-labeled Neurons in vivo in the Mouse Brain

We show that 1300-nm three-photon imaging of GCaMP6s-labeled neurons achieves stronger signal and superior signal-to-background ratio in deep mouse brain when compared to 920-nm two-photon imaging, using the same pulse energy at the brain surface.
Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates Induce Plant Immune Response in Arabidopsis thaliana and Lactuca sativa.

Abstract Human norovirus is the leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide with the majority of outbreaks linked to fresh produce and leafy greens. It is essential that we thoroughly understand the type of relationship and interactions that take place between plants and human norovirus to better utilize control strategies to reduce transmission of norovirus in the field onto plants harvested for human consumption. In this study the expression of gene markers for the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) plant defense pathways was measured and compared in romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants that were inoculated with Murine Norovirus-1, Tulane Virus, human norovirus GII.4, or Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (control). Genes involving both the SA and JA pathways were expressed in both romaine lettuce and A. thaliana for all three viruses, as well as controls. Studies, including gene expression of SA- and JA-deficient A. thaliana mutant lines, suggest that the JA pathwa...
Pneumothorax After Serratus Anterior Trigger Point Injection

Musculoskeletal pain is a common presenting complaint in the primary care setting as well as in specialized orthopedic, physiatry, and pain management clinics. Commonly, trigger points are found to be the underlying cause of this pain. Clinically they present with localized tenderness that radiates in well-defined patterns that may mimic other commonly treated conditions such as cervical or lumbar radiculopathy. Trigger point injections are often performed to help relieve pain and are generally safe when done appropriately, but serious complications including pneumothorax can occur. Providers should be vigilant for signs and symptoms following trapezius, upper back, and thoracic trigger point injections so that prompt treatment can be provided.
Sample Preparation for Electrophoresis

While standardized protein assays are used in nearly every laboratory, the limitations of many of these assays are frequently overlooked. It is important that an investigator realize that most protein assays are relative and are based on the measurement of particular amino acid residues and/or peptide bonds. The estimation of protein in different assays will therefore depend on the abundance of those amino acids in the protein sample. Because different protein assays may detect different amino acid residues, totally different estimations of protein content may be obtained for the same sample when different methodologies are used. It may therefore be necessary to use more than one protein assay to determine which is optimal for your needs. Table 3.1 summarizes amino acid residues or other chemical bases for protein estimation by different protein assay methods. The commonly used methods for determining total protein have been described elsewhere by Lowry et al. (1951), Warburg and Christian (1941), and Bradford (1976) and have recently been reviewed in detail by Petersen (1983). This latter review also presents a detailed list of chemicals including buffers and detergents that interfere with some of these protein assays.
The Thom–Sebastiani theorem for the Euler characteristic of cyclic L∞-algebras

Abstract Let L be a cyclic L ∞ -algebra of dimension 3 with finite dimensional cohomology only in dimension one and two. By transfer theorem there exists a cyclic L ∞ -algebra structure on the cohomology H ⁎ ( L ) . The inner product plus the higher products of the cyclic L ∞ -algebra defines a superpotential function f on H 1 ( L ) . We associate with an analytic Milnor fiber for the formal function f and define the Euler characteristic of L is to be the Euler characteristic of the etale cohomology of the analytic Milnor fiber. In this paper we prove a Thom–Sebastiani type formula for the Euler characteristic of cyclic L ∞ -algebras. As applications we prove the Joyce–Song formulas about the Behrend function identities for semi-Schur objects in the derived category of coherent sheaves over Calabi–Yau threefolds. A motivic Thom–Sebastiani type formula and a conjectural motivic Joyce–Song formula for the motivic Milnor fiber of cyclic L ∞ -algebras are also discussed.
Diversity Among Elite American Law Firms: a Signal of Quality and Prestige

This Article* considers the diversity-performance nexus among elite American law firms. I present several existing theories that might explain this nexus. I argue that these theories do not entirely explain certain institutional and behavioral realities among these law firms with respect to workplace diversity. The Article thus supplements the existing theories with a deliberately parsimonious theory that seems more consistent with several of the observed institutional and behavioral regularities among elite U.S. law firms. In particular, I argue that diversity functions as a signal for elite law firms. Adhering to diversity signals unobservable law firm attributes to various third parties, including prospective associates, and is thus a partial solution to asymmetric information. In this limited way, at least, diversity is "good for business". Ultimately, however, the theoretical model that I present is deficient in that it treats diversity as an exogenous norm. A deeper inquiry into the motives of elite law firms' diversity commitment is therefore in order. (*Note: This Article lays the preliminary theoretical foundation for the larger project, which will include an empirical analysis of the relationship between diversity and performance/quality/prestige among elite U.S. law firms. The next stage will include a refinement of the theoretical framework and an empirical analysis using data from the Law Firms Working Group)
The family influence on obesity and self-esteem and how obesity and self-esteem influences the family interactions later in life

Rising rates of obesity in the United States have resulted in trying to understand the influence of environmental and biological agents on adolescent and childhood obesity. While many researchers have focused on the influence of physical activity, food choices, and genetics on obesity rates, only a few studies have examined the influence of psychological processes, such as self-esteem, or the family environment on obesity development. Utilizing the Family Transitions Project (FTP), a longitudinal study that examines adolescents and their families over 23 years, this study extends the current state of the literature by considering the influence of supportive parenting on an adolescent’s development of obesity or being overweight. In addition, the mediating role of adolescent self-esteem on the relationship between supportive parenting and weight status were addressed. Results from the study show there was not a significant relationship between maternal supportive parenting in early adolescence and obesity in late adolescence. There was a significant relationship between maternal supportive parenting and self-esteem; however there was not a significant relationship between self-esteem and obesity. As a result, there was no meditational effect of self-esteem on the maternal supportive parenting and obesity relationship. Additional
Chemotherapy of malignant gliomas: studies of the BTCG.

Dans l'essai clinique 8301 en phase III, l'efficacite et la tolerance du BCNU intra-arteriel (IA) ont ete testees dans le traitement de gliomes malins recemment reseques en comparant le BNCU IA au BNCU intraveineux (IV) (200mg/m 2 toutes les 8 semaines). Chaque traitement etait administre avec ou sans 5-FU IV (1 g/m 2 /jour×3 deux semaines apres le BCNU). Tous les patients ont aussi fait l'objet d'une radiotherapie. L'etude a peote sur 505 patients, dont 408 dans le groupe Valid Study (VSG). Apres exclusion de 190 patients qui, pour des raisons medicales, n'etaient pas eligibles pour le BCNUIA
Symbol timing estimation in MIMO correlated flat-fading channels: Research Articles

In this paper, the data aided (DA) and non-data aided (NDA) maximum likelihood (ML) symbol timing estimators and their corresponding conditional Cramer–Rao bound (CCRB) and modified Cramer–Rao bound (MCRB) in multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) correlated flat-fading channels are derived. It is shown that the approximated ML algorithm in References [4,13] is just a special case of the DA ML estimator; while the extended squaring algorithm in Reference [14] is just a special case of the NDA ML estimator. For the DA case, the optimal orthogonal training sequences are also derived. It is found that the optimal orthogonal sequences resemble the Walsh sequences, but present different envelopes. Simulation results under different operating conditions (e.g. number of antennas and correlation between antennas) are given to assess and compare the performances of the DA and NDA ML estimators with respect to their corresponding CCRBs and MCRBs. It is found that (i) the mean square error (MSE) of the DA ML estimator is close to the CCRB and MCRB, (ii) the MSE of the NDA ML estimator is close to the CCRB but not to the MCRB, (iii) the MSEs of both DA and NDA ML estimators are approximately independent of the number of transmit antennas and are inversely proportional to the number of receive antennas, (iv) correlation between antennas has little effect on the MSEs of DA and NDA ML estimators and (v) DA ML estimator performs better than NDA ML estimator at the cost of lower transmission efficiency and higher implementation complexity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Minicolumnopathy of Autism Spectrum Disorders

Cortical development arises from the epistatic interaction of multiple gene polymorphisms and transcriptional programs, their epigenetic modifications, expression patterns of morphogens and other small molecules, and incipient patterns of synaptic activity, all subject to developmental noise. These mechanisms exhibit redundancy and crosstalk so that a stable phenotypic distribution is maintained in the face of stochastic effects and (epi-)genetic perturbations. The resulting constrained programs of differentiation, migration, and neuronal development provide a basis for emergent patterns of information flow within the developing minicolumn, which may in turn feed back to further refine the formation of its circuits. In autism, our research has shown the existence of supernumerary columns with significant diminution in their peripheral neuropil. This finding, along with descriptions of ‘epigenetic’ heterotopias, suggests a dysregulation of periventricular germinal cell divisions. The heterochronicity of periventricular cell divisions provides an uncoupling between the radial migrating system and the tangential migration of inhibitory elements.
Property's Uneasy Path and Expanding Future

How has law come to its present state and where is it going? These are two obvious questions to ask on the occasion of a great Law School's Centennial. In this Essay, I direct these questions at property rights, a centerpiece of the law and economics revolution that has itself been an important part of this last century of ideas. The law and economics literature has advanced the optimistic view that property rights have evolved in a way that promotes economic efficiency.1 I suggest that alongside the conventional and optimistic view, which is essentially transaction cost, or efficiency, based, there is an alternative and skeptical view that is interest group, or politically, driven. And if it is true that the evolution of property rights up to the present time is capable of conflicting explanations, then there is the question of predicting the future of property rights and, as we will see, the future of intellectual property in particular. Part I begins by exploring two distinct stories about the evolution of property rights. Part II then applies the two evolutionary stories to assess the future of intellectual property rights. I suggest that we should expect interest group pressures to generate an expansion of intellectual property rights, perhaps even to include protection for abstract ideas. These expanding rights will shape much of our legal system in the coming years. The conclusion adds some hopeful comments about the limits of interest group politics.
Application Behaviors Driven Self-Organizing Network (SON) for 4G LTE Networks

Self-Organizing Networks (SON) is an automation technology in the wireless industry implemented to simplify the planning, deployment, operation, optimization, and healing of networks. However, legacy SON functions are targeted at network automation and network optimization through certain optimization rules and policies which are globally applied in the entire networks. Therefore, scalable and targeted optimization is not supported in these existing SON solutions. Furthermore, such existing SON schemes are driven by performance optimization rather than ultimately improving user Quality of Experience (QoE). The impact of application characteristics on network performance and further on QoE are also not considered in SON defined by 3GPP. This paper presents an application characteristics-driven SON system (APP-SON) to optimize 4G/5G network performance and user Quality of Experience. APP-SON leverages a scalable big data platform for targeted optimization through profiling cell application characteristics with an incremental manner in temporal space. A Hungarian Algorithm Assisted Clustering (HAAC) algorithm and a deep learning-assisted regression algorithm are developed to profile the cell application characteristics and find the targeted KPIs to be optimized for each cell in a network. A similarity–based parameter-tuning algorithm is designed to tune the corresponding engineering parameters to optimize the targeted KPIs which further improve the QoE. Experimental results demonstrated that the APP-SON system can precisely profile cell traffic and application characteristics to find the targeted KPIs for optimization. APP-SON can also automatically tune the corresponding engineering parameters to improve corresponding KPIs, ultimately improving QoE. APP-SON has been successfully implemented in production and applied in a tier-1 operator's 4G network. As a universal SON solution, it will be smoothly transitioned and applied in 5G networks for this operator.
Vanilla and Kink: Power and Communication in Marriages with a BDSM-Identifying Partner

This phenomenological study explored the marriages of 6 couples in which one partner identified with the BDSM culture and the other partner did not. Participants were individually interviewed regarding: the process of reconstructing their sexual relationship; the impact of the social discourse on the one partner’s practice in BDSM; and the nature of power within the context of the marriage and its influence on the couple’s negotiation process. Discussions are made to help therapists become aware of the power and voice within the marriage and facilitate a productive co-creation of the couple’s shared meaning of sex.
Recovery periods during repeated stress impact corticosterone and behavioral responses differently in house sparrows.

Abstract A number of studies have shown that chronic stress can negatively impact both physiology and behavior in a variety of organisms. What has yet to be extensively explored is whether these changes permanently alter an animal's functioning, or if they can be reversed. In this study, we used wild-caught house sparrows (Passer domesticus) to assess how recovery periods influence the physiological and behavioral impacts of an initial four days and subsequent four days of repeated stressors. Birds were randomly assigned to a recovery group and either experienced 0, 24, or 72 h of recovery between the two sets of stressors (cage rolling and cage tapping). We measured the regulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis by quantifying baseline and stress-induced corticosterone as well as negative feedback strength. We also assessed behavior using neophobia trials to measure how birds altered their approach towards novel objects and their overall activity. Both behavior and corticosterone responses were assessed before the experiment, after the recovery time, and following the final 4 days of stressors. We found that birds that experienced 24 h of recovery had reduced stress-induced corticosterone, but enhanced negative feedback relative to the pre-experiment sample. Additionally, 4 days of stressors was enough to significantly reduce approach latency towards novel objects; however, pre-experiment levels returned with longer periods of recovery. Finally, recovery time did not significantly influence responses to the second 4 days of stressors. Our results indicate that brief recovery periods partially ameliorate the hormonal and behavioral effects of repeated stress.
Toward the Science of Industrial Control Systems Security and Resiliency

The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is the major industrial control system (ICS), which is responsible for collecting data from end devices, analyzing data, and managing the system efficiently by sending necessary control commands to the corresponding end devices. Unlike traditional cyber networks, a SCADA system consists of heterogeneous devices that communicate with one another under various communication protocols, physical media, and security properties. Failures or attacks on such networks have the potential of data unavailability and false data injection causing incorrect system estimations and control decisions leading to non-optimal management or critical damages of the system. This chapter provides a theoretical baseline for assessing the security and resiliency of ICS by presenting two formal frameworks, one for security analysis and one for resiliency analysis, considering smart grid SCADA systems. These frameworks take smart grid configurations and organizational security or resiliency requirements as inputs, formally model configurations and various security properties, and verify the dependability of the system under potential attacks or contingencies. The execution of each of these frameworks is demonstrated on an example case study.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Outcomes Associated with Parent-Nurse Controlled Analgesia vs. Continuous Opioid Infusion in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract Purpose Prospectively compare parent/nurse controlled analgesia (PNCA) to continuous opioid infusion (COI) in the post-operative neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population. Design/Methods A randomized controlled trial compared neonates treated with morphine PNCA to those treated with morphine COI. The primary outcome was average opioid consumption up to 3 post-operative days. Secondary outcomes included 1) pain intensity, 2) adverse events that may be directly related to opioid consumption, and 3) parent and nurse satisfaction. Results The sample consisted of 25 post-operative neonates and young infants randomized to either morphine PNCA (n = 16) or COI (n = 9). Groups differed significantly on daily opioid consumption, with the PNCA group receiving significantly less opioid (P = .02). Groups did not differ on average pain score or frequency of adverse events (P values > .05). Parents in both groups were satisfied with their infant's pain management and parents in the PNCA group were slightly more satisfied with their level of involvement (P = .03). Groups did not differ in nursing satisfaction. Conclusions PNCA may be an effective alternative to COI for pain management in the NICU population. This method may also substantially reduce opioid consumption, provide more individualized care, and improve parent satisfaction with their level of participation. Clinical Implications Patients in the NICU represent one of our most vulnerable patient populations. As nurses strive to provide safe and effective pain management, results of this study suggest PNCA may allow nurses to maintain their patients' comfort while providing less opioid and potentially improving parental perception of involvement. Study Type Treatment study. Level of Evidence I.
Assessing Alignment of Entrepreneurial Spirit to Job Descriptions Seeking Business Administration or Management Undergraduates.

This study assessed alignment between concepts included in current definitions of Entrepreneurial Spirit and job descriptions written by employers seeking undergraduate business administration or m...
A Vehicle-Assisted Data Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing Enabled Vehicular Networks

With the emerging applications of vehicular networks, how to provide sufficient communication and computation supports are the two most important challenges for vehicular communication systems. Cloud-based vehicular networks and mobile edge computing frameworks have been proposed to relieve the computing burden of vehicles. However, for time-sensitive and computation-intensive applications with large input data size, e.g. image aided navigation, the data transmission process occupies large bandwidth, which may degrade the quality of service of all network users, especially in high density scenarios. Thus, in this paper we formulate a computation offloading problem for these time-sensitive and computation-intensive applications to minimize the data transmitted to the server. We propose two approaches to solve the formulated problem, i.e. a graph theory based method and a heuristic algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that both algorithms can achieve near optimal solutions and greatly reduce the data volume transmitted to the server.
LPS-mediated release of ATP from urothelial cells occurs by lysosomal exocytosis.

Background While numerous studies have confirmed ATP's importance in bladder physiology/pathophysiology, the literature is still conflicted regarding the mechanism of ATP release from the urothelium. Multiple mechanisms have been identified including non-vesicular release via pannexin channels as well as vesicular release via a mechanism blocked by botulinum toxin. Recently, it has been shown that lysosomes contain significant stores of ATP which can be released extracellularly in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Objective The goal of the current study was to determine if lysosomal exocytosis occurs in urothelial cells in response to TLR4 stimulation by its agonist, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and methods Human urothelial cells from an immortalized cell line (TRT-HU1) were treated with bacterial LPS (100 μg/ml) or the nicotinic agoinist cytisine (100 μM) and extracellular release of ATP and lysosomal acid phosphatase were measured. Pannexin-mediated ATP release and lysosomal ATP release were differentiated using Brilliant Blue FCF to inhibit pannexin channels and glycyl-l-phenylalanine-β-naphthylamide (GPN) to destroy lysosomes. The mechanisms controlling lysosomal exocytosis were examined using lysosomal pH measurements using LysoSensor dye and intracellular calcium signaling using Fura-2. Results Stimulation of TRT-HU1 cells with LPS significantly increased ATP release, which was inhibited by GPN, but not by Brilliant Blue FCF. Conversely, stimulation with cytisine induced ATP release that was sensitive to Brilliant Blue FCF but not GPN. LPS stimulation also induced the release of the lysosomal acid phosphatases. LPS increased lysosomal pH and direct alkalization of lysosomal pH using chloroquine or bafilomycin A1 induced ATP and acid phosphatase release, indicating an important role for pH in lysosomal exocytosis. Additionally, stimulation of lysosomal transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 calcium channels evoked intracellular calcium transients as well as ATP release. Conclusion These data indicate that LPS-induced ATP release from urothelial cells is mediated by lysosomal exocytosis, a vesicular mechanism distinctly separate from non-vesicular release via pannexin channels.