cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ion beam synthesis and carrier dynamics of ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a SiO 2 matrix

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been synthesized by the implantation of ZnO molecular ions into SiO2 followed by high temperature thermal annealing. 35 keV ZnO− ions were implanted to a fluence of 5×1016 ions/cm2 into SiO2 at room temperature (RT). The implanted sample was annealed in an oxygen environment to allow the growth of ZnO precipitates. In the as-implanted sample, Zn nanoparticles up to 4.5 nm in diameter were observed and were distributed throughout the implanted depth in the SiO2. The highest concentration of Zn from the implantation was at a depth of 25 nm. During annealing, Zn diffused into the substrate and combined with oxygen to form ZnO. ZnO nanostructures thus formed had diameters up to 8 nm, embedded in SiO2. Donor-bound exciton (D, X), acceptor-bound exciton (A, X), and donor–acceptor-pair (DAP) transitions were observed in low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements on an annealed sample. RT-PL measurement showed band-edge emission in the ultraviolet region with a full width at half maximum of 121 meV. Time-resolved PL measurements performed at 4 K revealed an excitonic lifetime of 160 ps.
Educational Module to Demonstrate the Seismic Behavior of Piles in Improved and Unimproved Soft Soils

This engineering educational module on the behavior of piles in soft clays during earthquake loading sought to introduce engineering as a viable career to eighth graders and teach students how geotechnical engineers design foundations in marginal soils to minimize damage to infrastructure during earthquakes. This module could also be used at various educational levels, from elementary to middle and high school, as well as at the undergraduate level, with appropriate modifications. A 5-h module was created to simulate the real-world behavior of piles in soft clays during earthquake loading and visually show the improvement in how these same piles behave after being stabilized with a deep-soil-mixing technique. In this module, soft soil was simulated using Jell-O, piles were simulated using Slim Jims, and soil stabilization was simulated using peanut butter, marshmallows, or cheese. Each student group had to design a stabilization procedure to improve the behavior of the piles. The students competed to see who could design a stabilized pile with the least amount of deflection for the least amount of money. An abbreviated module was also administered to a group of middle-school science and mathematics teachers. The students’ and teachers’ learning and perceptions were assessed by administering pre- and post-assessment questions, which were matched.
Summary of a clinical trial with liposome-adjuvanted influenza A virus vaccine in elderly adults

In a randomized, double-blinded study, 77 elderly seropositive volunteers were immunized with either liposome-adjuvanted or control subvirion vaccine containing 15 micrograms/dose of haemagglutinin from influenza A/Taiwan/1/86 (H1N1) virus. The liposome vaccine was well-tolerated but elicited serologic responses that were no different in frequency or magnitude from those induced by the control vaccine. Less than 20% of subjects in either group mounted a 4-fold or greater rise in antibody titer. Peripheral blood anti-influenza A cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity was enhanced to a greater extent by the liposome vaccine than by the control subvirion vaccine. It remains unclear whether liposome-adjuvanted formulations would have an advantage over conventional influenza vaccines for routine annual reimmunization of targeted high-risk populations.
The new genetics and its consequences for family, kinship, medicine and medical genetics

In the past several decades there has been an explosion in our understanding of genetics. The new genetics is an integral part of contemporary biomedicine and promises great advances in alleviating disease, prolonging human life and leading us unto the medicine of the future. The aim of this paper is to explore the ways in which people make sense of the uncertainties that are associated with the new genetics, which by definition involve family and kinship relations. We explore the degree to which medical genetics places the patient in a double bind between the qualitative certainty and quantitative uncertainty of genetic inheritance that reinforce notions both of fear, and control of a person's future health. Second, we propose that the new genetics has medicalized family and kinship creating profound ethical and practical dilemmas for both the individual and for medicine as a whole.
Repurposing libraries of eukaryotic protein kinase inhibitors for antibiotic discovery

With the rise in resistance that inevitably follows the clinical deployment of an antibiotic, there is a continual need for new antibiotic discovery, development and approval. Food and Drug Administration approvals for Synercid (quinupristin/dalfopristin) in 1999, Zyvox (linezolid) in 2000, and Cubicin (daptomycin) in 2003 have addressed life-threatening infections from drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumomiae, and Enterococcus faecalis. However, because these antibiotics are not active against an emerging class of nosocomial pathogens (multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including strains of Klebsiella, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas) there is renewed focus on developing treatments for infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. To this end, in this issue of PNAS Miller et al. (1) report a novel approach to discovering new classes of antibiotics.
Antibodies of Low Molecular Weight in Normal Human Urine

THE presence of precipitating and viral neutralizing antibodies in normal human urine has been reported previously1–3. Some physicochemical properties of these antibodies are described in this communication.
Generation of myocardial wall surface meshes from Segmented MRI

This paper presents a novel method for the generation of myocardial wall surface meshes from segmented 3D MR images, which typically have strongly anisotropic voxels. The method maps a premeshed sphere to the surface of the segmented object. The mapping is defined by the gradient field of the solution of the Laplace equation between the sphere and the surface of the object. The same algorithm is independently used to generate the surface meshes of the epicardium and endocardium of the four cardiac chambers. The generated meshes are smooth despite the strong voxel anisotropy, which is not the case for the marching cubes and related methods. While the proposed method generates more regular mesh triangles than the marching cubes and allows for a complete control of the number of triangles, the generated meshes are still close to the ones obtained by the marching cubes. The method was tested on 3D short-axis cardiac MR images with strongly anisotropic voxels in the long-axis direction. For the five tested subjects, the average in-slice distance between the meshes generated by the proposed method and by the marching cubes was 0.4 mm.
Stage III and stage IV endometrial carcinoma: A review of 41 cases

Abstract Forty-one patients with clinical stage III and IV carcinoma of the endometrium presented to Jackson Memorial Hospital between the years 1977 and 1988. These patients were studied as to their presenting symptoms, prognostic factors, therapeutic regimens, and survival. Sixty-one percent of our patients presented with postmenopausal bleeding. Prognostic factors included extent of disease and tumor bulk rather than histologic type, grade, or depth of myometrial invasion. Overall 5-year survival was 732 (22%), with 622 (27%) for stage III and 110 (10%) for stage IV. Those patients who received surgery plus radiation fared better than those who received either alone. Hormonal therapy offered little, if any, benefit. CAP-M chemotherapy was used as adjunctive treatment in 10 patients and its use is discussed. It is our hope that we may later use this study to compare the newer surgical staging in advanced cases of endometrial carcinoma with the previously used clinical staging system.
Investigation of the Nuclear Gauge Density Calibration Method

ABSTRACT Nuclear gauges have been used in the compaction control of pavement construction since 1950s. The accuracy of nuclear testing significantly relies on the calibration of nuclear gauges, which establishes the correlation between material density and nuclear gauge count reading in the form of a calibration equation with several constants. The choice of a calibration equation not only changes with engineering conditions and requirements, but also depends on the physical principals of measurement. This paper investigates several forms of calibration equations. Numerical analysis is conducted to show the capabilities of different calibration equations using the existing experimental results. Although the exponential equation with three constants is favourable due to its physical soundness, it does not consistently provide the best agreement with experiments. To reach a higher accuracy, a modified four-standard-block calibration method is proposed. The advantage of this method is demonstrated with the e...
Operationalizing “Trance” I: Rationale and Research Using a Psychophenomenological Approach

Abstract Despite the popularity of the term “trance” among clinicians to describe the subjective effects associated with being hypnotized, heretofore there has been no means to operationalize that definition. The authors present a rationale and psychophenomenological method to operationalize the term “trance” in terms of (a) hypnotic depth, a quantitative measure of subjective trance assessed via a pHGS (predicted Harvard Group Scale) score, derived from regression analysis, and (b) “trance typology profiles,” a qualitative differentiation of empirically derived (via cluster and discriminant analyses) categories of subjective trance experiences. The authors then discuss theoretical and clinical implications of this psychophenomenological approach for developing an operational definition of the concept of trance.
Activation of Partially Folded Mitochondrial Malate Dehydrogenase by Thioredoxin

CD spectroscopy reveals that mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase in 3M guanidinium chloride shows little residual secondary structure. Refolding of the denatured protein by dilution with buffer of pH 7.5 does not restore the CD spectrum of the native enzyme. A partially folded intermediate, possessing 25% of the α-helix content of the native enzyme, is formed upon dilution. The partially folded intermediate binds the extrinsic probe 1-anilinonaphtalene-8-sulfonate, and the increase in fluorescence (tenfold) is accompanied by a blue shift in the band position of the emission spectrum. Partially folded malate dehydrogenase is devoid of catalytic activity. In vitro refolding of the denatured protein takes place in the presence of dithiotreitol and thioredoxin. In the presence of micromolar concentrations of thioredoxin, a recovery of approximately 70% of the catalytic activity was observed. Emission-anisotropy titrations of oxidized thioredoxin, tagged with a fluorescent probe, revealed that the oxidoreductase recognizes partially folded intermediates of malate dehydrogenase with a dissociation constant of 6 μM. Moreover, a covalently linked complex formed by thioredoxin and monomeric malate dehydrogenase was detected by SDS/PAGE. A general mechanism is postulated for the reactivation of denatured proteins by thioredoxin.
INACTIVATION OF CANDIDA ALBICANS BY ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION.

Inactivation of Candida albicans by ultraviolet (uv) light is markedly dependent upon (a) the cell division stage and (b) the nutrition and growth temperatures of cells both before and after irradiation. Cells grown at 37°C after irradiation show lower survivals than those grown at 25°C. At either recovery temperature, cells which had been cultured before irradiation at 37°C are able to sustain less uv damage prior to inactivation than those cultured at 25°C. The radiosensitivities of budding and non-budding cells are the same when survivals are scored at 25°C; at low uv dosages, cells show slightly poorer recoveries on enriched medium than on minimal medium whereas at higher dosages, their recoveries on both kinds of media are equivalent. In contrast, at 37°C, uv treated non-budding cells are much more susceptible to inactivation than budding cells; non-budding cells also express much poorer recovery on enriched medium than on minimal medium at 37°C whereas budding cells survive equally well on either medium. Though non-budding cells grown for irradiation on minimal or enriched media exhibit the same radiosensitivites, budding cells grown for irradiation on enriched medium are more susceptible to inactivation at 37°C than those grown on minimal medium. The particularly poor recovery by irradiated non-budding cells at 37°C is correlated with their unique tendency to undergo a transitory filamentation when initiating growth at that temperature. Evidence is presented that neither the filamentous growth per se nor the temporary inhibition of cell division associated with filamentation causes the poor recovery. Furthermore, while irradiated non-budding cells at 37°C exhibit singular susceptibility to inhibition of recovery by metabolic antagonists which disturb protein synthesis, the course of their filamentous growth is not affected by such agents. It is concluded that recovery from irradiation and the instigation of cytokinesis by non-budding cells of C. albicans result from different metabolic processes which may be related through a common temperature sensitive step. C. albicans does not photoreactivate and observations on recovery by cells prevented from undergoing immediate postirradiation replication do not indicate the existence of a system for dark repair of DNA damage comparable to that occurring in bacteria. Difficulties attending a valid demonstration of DNA dark repair in yeasts are discussed.
Observing liquid flow in nanotubes by 4D electron microscopy

Nanofluidics involves the study of fluid transport in nanometer-scale structures. We report the direct observation of fluid dynamics in a single zinc oxide nanotube with the high spatial and temporal resolution of four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy. The nanotube is filled with metallic lead, which we melt in situ with a temperature jump induced by a heating laser pulse. We then use a short electron pulse to create an image of the ensuing dynamics of the hot liquid. Single-shot images elucidate the mechanism of irreversible processes, whereas stroboscopic diffraction patterns provide the heating and cooling rates of single nanotubes. The temporal changes of the images enable studies of the viscous friction involved in the flow of liquid within the nanotube, as well as studies of mechanical processes such as those that result in the formation of extrusions.
Effects of creating two forest structures and using prescribed fire on coarse woody debris in northeastern California, USA.

Little is known about the dynamics of coarse woody debris (CWD) in forests that were originally characterized by frequent, low-moderate intensity fires. We investigated effects of prescribed burning at the Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest in northeastern California following creation of two stand structure conditions: 1) high structural diversity (HiD) that included retaining large, old-growth trees while thinning smaller trees in the understory through whole-tree harvesting, and 2) low structural diversity (LoD) simulating a more traditional approach that removed overstory trees by individual tree selection while thinning the vigorous younger trees and removing the suppressed understory by whole-tree harvesting. Each of the two structures was replicated six times in a randomized block design for a total of 12 approximately 100 ha factorial plots. Each factorial plot was split and prescribed fire applied to one half of each plot. We classified CWD as either: sound or decayed. Coarse woody debris was abundant on all plots regardless of stand structure. Statistically significant differences (α = 0.05) were found in the mass of the CWD between the burned and unburned splits across all experimental units combined for both sound and decayed material. However, when analyzed separately, the difference in the burned and unburned splits was statistically significant for LoD condition but not for HiD condition, likely due to greater heterogeneity of burn in the HiD condition. Coarse woody debris mass declined even in unburned units following treatments (p ≤ 0.1).
Growth Comparison in Children with and without Food Allergies in 2 Different Demographic Populations

Objective To examine the effects of food avoidance on the growth of children with food allergies. Study design A retrospective chart review was performed for children with and without food allergies followed at 2 New York City general pediatric practices. Charts were selected based on codes from the International Classification of Diseases , 9th Revision , for well child visit, food allergy, anaphylaxis, and/or epinephrine autoinjector prescriptions. Heights and weights were obtained to calculate body mass index, height, and weight z-scores. Results Of the 9938 children seen, 439 (4.4%) were avoiding one or more foods. Of those with commercial insurance, children with food allergies were significantly shorter (mean height z-score = 0.06; P = .01) and weighed less (mean weight z-score −0.1; P = .006) than children without food allergies (mean height z-score = 0.42; mean weight z-score = 0.07). In contrast, children with food allergies and state insurance were not smaller in height or weight compared with children without food allergies. Among white subjects, there was a significant effect of food allergies on height and weight (ANOVA for height P = .012, for weight P = .0036) that was not observed for Hispanic/Latino, black, or Asian subjects. Children with allergies to milk weighed significantly less than children without milk allergies ( P = .0006). Conclusions Children with food allergies and commercial insurance have significant impairment in growth compared with those without food allergies. Additionally, children avoiding all forms of milk are shorter and weigh less than matched counterparts. Therefore, height and weight measurements should be assessed routinely in children with food allergies because there is risk for growth impairment in this population.
Fun with numbers: Alternative models for predicting salary levels

The increasing awareness and concern with equity issues in higher education, along with the escalating litigation, has prompted institutions to undertake salary prediction studies. Four prediction models (built on a males only and total sample) were compared: (1) entering all variables, (2) excluding rank and tenure, (3) using predicted rank and tenure, and (4) using only “objective” variables. Models were tested using all permanent full-time faculty at a large midwestern university. Using predicted rank and tenure was the most suitable for equity studies. Including all variables yielded the best results for explaining/predicting reward systems. The other two models did not appear appropriate for either purpose. The males only sample consistently produced the largest bias effects. Institutions considering a salary prediction study should find these outcomes helpful in determining appropriate analytical strategies.
The Impact of Cognitive Workload on Physiological Arousal in Young Adult Drivers: A Field Study and Simulation Validation

Physiological measures provide a continuous and relatively non-invasive method of characterising workload. The extent to which such measures provide sensitivity beyond that provided by driving performance metrics is more open to question. Heart rate and skin conductance were monitored during actual highway driving in response to systematically increased levels of cognitive demand using an auditory delayed digit recall task. The protocol was consistent with an earlier simulator study, providing an opportunity to assess the validity of physiological measures recorded during driving simulation. The pattern of change in heart rate with increased cognitive demand was highly consistent between field and simulator. The findings meet statistical criteria for both relative and absolute validity, although there was a trend for absolute levels to be higher under actual driving conditions. For skin conductance level, the pattern in both environments was also quite similar and a reasonable case for overall relative va...
E2 strength in /sup 12/C determined by elastic photon scattering

The elastic-photon-scattering cross section for /sup 12/C has been measured at 90/sup 0/ and 135/sup 0/ in the energy range from 23.5 to 39 MeV. These data disagree with the predicted scattering, derived from the measured photonuclear absorption cross section, if only E1 transitions are assumed. To explain the difference in these cross sections, a large component of electric quadrupole absorption between 24 and 40 MeV is inferred.
First Report of Cladosporium Leaf Spot of Spinach Caused by Cladosporium variabile in the Winter Spinach Production Region of California and Arizona.

In December 2011, symptoms typical of Cladosporium leaf spot caused by Cladosporium variabile (4) were observed in organic “baby leaf” spinach (Spinacia oleracea) crops of the cultivars Amazon, Missouri, Tasman, and Tonga in the Imperial Valley (Imperial County, CA and Yuma County, AZ). Leaves had small, circular lesions (1 to 3 mm in diameter), some of which had progressed to necrotic, bleached lesions surrounded by a thin dark margin. The incidence of symptoms in affected crops was ≤20%. Fungal isolates resembling C. variabile were recovered by surfacesterilizing sections (5 mm2) of symptomatic leaf tissue in 0.6% NaOCl, triple-rinsing the sections in sterile water, and plating the sections onto water agar and potato dextrose agar amended with 100 ppm chloramphenicol (cPDA). Single-spore transfers made onto cPDA were maintained at 24 ± 2°C with a natural day/night cycle. Each isolate produced slow growing cultures consisting of dense masses of dark conidiophores (≤350 μm long) with chains of up to three...
Early development in an algal gametophyte: role of the cytoskeleton in germination and nuclear translocation

Biflagellate zoospores from the giant kelpMacrocystis pyrifera underwent germination after adhering to a substrate and produced germ tubes that were approximately 13–15 μm in length. Coincident with the germ tube elongation was organelle (other than the nucleus) translocation along the tube. Shortly after formation of the germ tube, the zoospore nucleus divided and one daughter nucleus translocated along the germ tube. The nucleus did not appear to undergo chromosomal condensation prior to division. The nuclear division and/or translocation of the daughter nucleus did not begin until well after germ tube elongation was complete, demonstrating that these are temporally distinct developmental events. The translocation of one daughter nucleus coincided with differentiation of the distal end of the germ tube into a bulbous structure. Following this, the first gametophytic cross wall was formed and, subsequently, the daughter nucleus remaining in the original zoospore body underwent repositioning, assuming a position in the germ tube near the cross wall. Cytochalasin D inhibited germ tube elongation suggesting that actin microfilaments are probably involved in this developmental process. In addition, when cytochalasin D was added to the culture after the germ tube elongation was complete, it did not affect either nuclear division or translocation, indicating that microfilaments were not directly involved in these nuclear events. Colchicine and the plant specific microtubule disrupting agent, amiprophos methyl blocked nuclear division and translocation without affecting germination or germ tube elongation. These data suggest that actin microfilaments are primarily responsible for complete germination, specifically germ tube elongation, while microtubules are involved in nuclear division and translocation. The present study demonstrates that germination (and germ tube elongation) and nuclear translocation inM. pyrifera gametophytes are temporally and mechanistically distinct developmental events.
Expeditionary learning approach in integrated teacher education: Effectiveness and dilemma

Abstract The paper presents an integrated teacher education program's unique approach, background, effectiveness and dilemmas. The author provides contextual description of the teacher education program that is built based upon Expeditionary Learning. Using the students’ and faculty's voices made through class meetings, on‐line discussions, and individual reflective notes, faculty meetings, and field notes, the data were qualitatively analyzed to find emerging patterns of the learning community's sense making of program effectiveness, difficulties, and dilemmas.
Digital Dirt and the Entropic Artifact: Exploring Damage in Visual Media

The transition from photochemical to digital imagery presents an exceptional opportunity to re-examine damage and the “entropic artifact” (one that reveals its interactions with time), as well as how technology mediates our visual experiences. This article compares entropic cues in photochemical and digital images and discusses their processes and outcomes. For example, photochemical media gradually decay, while digital media experience glitches that often lead to sudden image destruction. In photochemical media, damage provides intuitively understood cues about the passage of time, value of the artifact, and its handling. As digital media are adopted, decisions about content encoding, how damage is visually represented, and what contextual metadata is stored influence the inevitable process of damage in digital images.
Multiple mechanisms for cytotoxicity induced by copper(II) complexes of 2‐acetylpyrazine‐N‐substituted thiosemicarbazones

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanism by which 2-acetylpyrazine-4N-substituted thiosemicarbazone copper II complexes mediate their cytotoxicity. These compounds were shown to be cytotoxic to a variety of human and rodent tumors in cell culture and are potent cytocidal agents as determined by dilute agar colony assays. They demonstrated the ability to inhibit several enzymes in vitro including DNA topoisomerase II activity. The data presented suggest that cytotoxicity may be mediated by the cumulative effect of several enzymes being inhibited by the agents. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Expectancy and Previous Task Cues on Motor Performance

The effects of manipulated outcome expectancies (success/failure) and manipulated previous task cues (similar/dissimilar) on motor performance were investigated. Female collegiate students (n=60) were randomly placed into one of four treatment conditions: (a) success/similar task, (b) success/dissimilar task, (c) failure/similar task, (d) failure/dissimilartask. The manipulated information was provided after performance on a pursuit rotor task; subjects then performed on a second task (stabilometer). Data were analyzed by a 2x2x4 factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor. Subjects who experienced the high-expectancy treatment performed significantly better than subjects who experienced the low-expectancy treatment as the performance pattern developed over time. Although the findings only partially supported the predictions generated by self-enhancement theory, this theory appeared to have greater explanatory power than consistency theory.
From the Armory to academia: Careers and reputations of early modern artists in the United States

Abstract This research considers the process of consecration by tracking all 308 artists who exhibited at the 1913 Armory Show to see which are included in prominent art history textbooks nearly a century later. In particular, I examine how artist attributes (e.g., gender) and a legitimating organization (the Museum of Modern Art) shape this process. Regression results indicate that, among other things, the number and type of exhibitions that Armory artists garnered at MoMA from 1929 to 1967 dramatically raise the odds that they are featured in 21st century textbooks. Meanwhile, many artist attributes (e.g., gender) have no bearing on the odds of textbook inclusion. However, several artist attributes – particularly gender – matter in that they significantly predict which artists ever-exhibited at MoMA in the mid-1900s. Such findings suggest that certain types of contemporary valorization (MoMA exhibition) matter for later consecration – especially when a legitimating organization functions as a gatekeeper that grants exposure to certain types of artists while excluding others.
Using student‐written diaries to teach feminist economics

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain how student‐written diaries and journals serve as a specifically feminist pedagogy for teaching feminist economics, thereby challenging the lecture‐based techniques used to teach and uphold the mainstream, market‐fundamentalist paradigm.Design/methodology/approach – The approach involves the author's observations and experiences using student‐written diaries to teach a feminist economics course.Findings – Student‐written diaries have the potential to dislodge both the market‐fundamentalist economics paradigm and the lecture‐based teaching method that dominate the undergraduate economics curriculum. Student‐written diaries are especially useful in teaching feminist economics courses which strive to elevate women's economic status and/or to reduce the androcentric bias in economics. The paper describes how student‐written diaries are used to achieve both of these goals and to create a more inclusive classroom culture, while simultaneously challenging market ...
Abnormal Response of the Pulmonary Artery of the Rabbit after High Frequency Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation

When the sympathetic nerve supply (right recurrent cardiac nerve) to a ring of the pulmonary artery of the rabbit is stimulated repetitively in vitro at frequencies of 10/second or more, the following changes occur which are not seen after stimulation at lower frequencies. (1) The minimum number of pulses in a train needed to cause a just-detectable contractile response is reduced from a mean of 7 to unity; the higher the frequency of repetitive stimulation the fewer the number of repetitive pulses needed to effect this change. (2) The basal tone of the blood vessel exhibits fairly rapid, small, spontaneous fluctuations. (3) The resting or basal tone of the vessel slowly increases for 1/2 to 2 hours. It is speculated that changes 1 and 2 may be the result of an irreversible change in transmitter storage or release mechanisms.
Temperature-induced transitions of function and structure in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes

Abstract A transition in the temperature dependences of Ca2+ accumulation and ATPase activity occurs at 20 ° C in Sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. The transition is characterized by an abrupt change in the activation energies for the cation transport process and the associated enzyme activities. The difference in activation energies below and above 20 °C appears to be due to changes in the entropy of activation rather than in the free energy of activation. Also, the temperature dependences of spectral parameters of lipophilic spin-labeled probes and protein-bound spin labels exhibit different behaviors on either side of this temperature. Above 20 °C the lipid matrix probed by the labels exhibits a large increase in molecular motion and a decrease in the apparent ordering of lipid alkyl chains. In addition, labels covalently bound to enzymic reactive sites indicate that the motion of protein side-chains is sensitive to this transition. The results are consistent with an order-disorder transition involving the lipid alkyl chains of the Sarcoplasmic membrane, and with a model in which molecular motion, Ca2+ transport and enzyme activity are limited by local viscosity of hydrophobic regions at temperatures below the transition. Another modification of the Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane occurs between 37 and 40 °C. It appears that at this temperature the processes governing Ca2+ accumulation and ATPase activity are uncoupled, and Ca2+ accumulation is inhibited, while ATPase activity and passive Ca2+ efflux proceed at rapid rates. Parallel transitions of spectroscopic parameters originating from spin labels, covalently bound to the Sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, indicate that the uncoupling is due to a thermally-induced protein conformational change.
Kinetics and characterization of bismuth molybdate catalysts. II, Reaction studies over various bimolybdates

Abstract The model reaction, 1-butene to 1,3-butadiene, was studied over various compositions of unsupported bismuth molybdates to rank the catalysts' reactivities. Following Matsuura et al. we confirmed that γ-Bi2MoO6 doped with bismuth to yield a surface Bi Mo > 2.0 is unselective; selective catalyst species need a few mole% excess MoO3. All catalysts with a surface Bi Mo ≤ 1.5 show selectivities to butadiene greater than 95%. As the amount of MoO3 increases, reducing the surface Bi/Mo ratio, the activity increases down to Bi Mo = 1.5 , then remains constant down to Bi Mo = 1 , and then decreases steadily down to Bi Mo = 2 3 Characteristics of the partial oxidation catalysis change drastically going from γ-Bi2MoO6 to α-Bi2MoO12 catalysts. For the model reaction, Bi2MoO6 + 4% MoO3 exhibits an Ea = 40 kJ/mol (9.5 kcal/mol) at temperatures above 673 K. This catalyst is completely poisoned by its product butadiene below 673 K, while the inhibition is lifted above this temperature. We suggest that the pores of this catalyst, estimated to be 24 nm in diameter, become filled with “polybutadiene”; the heat of butadiene adsorption was estimated to be 375 kJ/mol. In contrast, α-Bi2Mo3O12 is not inhibited by butadiene, and has a lower activity (even calculated per unit surface) with an activation energy of 93 kJ/mol over the entire temperature range 660–713 K, studied. We propose models which describe two distinct ensemble effects operative in determining the kinetics over selective γ-Bi2MoO6 and α-Bi2Mo3O12 catalysts.
Hydrocarbon binary diffusion coefficient measurements for use in combustion modeling

Abstract Recent studies have identified uncertainties in fuel diffusion coefficients as a source of significant uncertainty in combustion modeling. This paper presents accurate binary diffusion coefficients of linear hydrocarbons in helium and nitrogen at temperatures from 300 K to 723 K. Diffusion coefficients are determined using a reversed-flow gas chromatography (RF-GC) system. Earlier work in our laboratory has established the validity of this methodology for noble gases and methane under these elevated-temperature conditions, and we utilize the methodology to measure diffusion coefficients for longer chain systems of interest in combustion modeling: ethane, propane, and n -butane. For propane and n -butane in nitrogen, the present results show dramatically different (up to 16.9% deviation at the highest common temperature) diffusion coefficients than previous work in addition to extending the available temperature range. The effects of decomposition of the analyte at higher temperatures and adhesion of the analyte on the diffusion column at lower temperatures during the measurements are briefly considered but have only a small impact on the present systems.
A radioimmunoassay for plasma progesterone.

A radioimmunoassay for progesterone was developed which uses one micro-column chromatography for purification of hexane extracts of plasma. Progesterone conjugated at the C-3 position by an oxime with bovine serum albumin was used to produce antisera in rabbits. Plasma volumes of 0.05 ml from women in the mid-luteal phase and 0.5 ml from women at other times in the menstrual cycle and from men are adequate for duplicate determinations of progesterone. Plasma samples were mixed with known amounts of 1,2-3H-progesterone and extracted with hexane. The extracts were applied directly to Al2O3 microcolumns. The columns were washed with 0.28% ethanol in hexane and the progesterone eluted with 0.45% ethanol in hexane. The dried eluates were incubated at room temperature for two hours with a 1:4,500 dilution of antiserum in buffer. Saturated (NH4)2SO4 was used to separate free from bound progesterone. The tritium in the supernatant was counted. The accuracy and the precision of the method were satisfactory. The sensitivity was 25 pg per sample. The results obtained by this method in the analysis of plasma from normal men and women were in good agreement with those reported by other investigators using different methods. One technician can measure 22 plasma samples in duplicate plus 2 parallel standards in 1 12 days.
Numerical modeling of the elastic behavior of fiber-reinforced composites with inhomogeneous interphases

Abstract This paper describes a numerical approach for modeling the micromechanical behavior and macroscopic properties of multi-phase fiber-reinforced composites with inhomogeneous interphases. The interphases are modeled as functionally graded elastic layers with the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio varying in the radial direction. In general, the fibers can have different elastic properties and sizes and can, if desired, be randomly distributed. The approach is based on the numerical solution of a complex boundary integral equation in which the boundary parameters are expressed in terms of complex Fourier series. All the integration can be done analytically and thus the method allows for accurate calculation of the elastic fields anywhere within the material, including inside the fibers and interphases. Explicit expressions for the effective elastic constants can be obtained from general relations between the average stresses and strains. Numerical experiments and comparisons with the numerical benchmark results available in the literature have demonstrated the versatility, accuracy, and efficiency of the presented approach.
Unique cardiac and cerebral anomalies with chondrodysplasia punctata

Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is associated with a variety of genetic and nongenetic conditions. We report a girl with CDP, complex congenital cardiac disease, central nervous system (CNS) anomalies, and clinical findings that resemble those of the sibs described by Toriello et al. [1993, Am J Med Genet 47:797-799]. The cardiac defects and CNS abnormalities reported are unique in the context of CDP and may serve to expand the phenotypic spectrum of the unique form of CDP described by Toriello et al. [1993].
Interest Rates in the Organized Money Markets of Underdeveloped Countries

TN CURRENT DISCUSSIONS of monetary and credit policy, a distinction is often made between its place in the general economic policies of highly developed and of underdeveloped countries. Any generalization about the significance of credit policy either in developed or in underdeveloped countries is indeed likely to require qualification when applied to any particular country. The distinction, however, has sufficient validity to make it worth while to examine carefully some of the characteristics that are usual in the money markets of the underdeveloped countries. It is generally believed that interest rates are much higher in underdeveloped than in developed countries. High interest rates are, indeed, found in developed countries, especially for consumer financing, but the amount of lending at high rates usually is relatively much smaller in developed than in underdeveloped countries. This is one of the contrasts upon which a general examination of the characteristics of money markets in underdeveloped countries should throw some light.
Conjunction of Vocal Production and Perception Regulates Expression of the Immediate Early Gene ZENK in a Novel Cortical Region of Songbirds

The cortical nucleus LMAN (lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium) provides the output of a basal ganglia pathway that is necessary for acquisition of learned vocal behavior duri...
Immunological studies of bovine aorta lysyl oxidase: Evidence for two forms of the enzyme

Abstract Evidence is presented that beef aorta contains two forms of lysyl oxidase which we have designated as lysyl oxidase A and B. The two forms of the enzyme can be separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Immunogical tests show that lysyl oxidase A and B have distinct antigenic determinants. Immunoelectrophoresis at pH 8.6 showed that the aorta lysyl oxidase A and B differed in net charge. Antisera to pure lysyl oxidase A formed a precipitin line with lysyl oxidase A but did not react with lysyl oxidase B in the Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion test. These findings show that it will now be necessary to separate the two forms of enzymes for certain types of biochemical studies of lysyl oxidase.
Optical section retinal imaging and wavefront sensing in diabetes.

Purpose. To investigate differences in higher-order ocular aberrations and in optical section retinal image resolution between healthy normal and diabetic subjects. Methods. An optical imaging system was established for combined retinal optical section imaging and wavefront sensing. A laser beam was expanded and focused to a point on the retina by the optics of the eye. For optical section retinal imaging, a cylindrical lens was placed in the path of the incident laser beam to form a focused line on the retina. Because of the angle between the incident laser and imaging path, an optical section image of the retina was captured. For wavefront sensing, a Shack-Hartmann aberrometer was incorporated in the imaging system. Twenty-two subjects with diabetes (average age, 52 ± 12 years) and 13 normal subjects (average age, 47 ± 9 years) were imaged. Retinal depth resolution was determined from the width of the laser line on the retina. Higher-order ocular aberrations were determined from the root mean square of the third to seventh Zernike terms, characterizing the wavefront aberration function. The data were analyzed statistically using Student's t-test and linear regression. Results. Higher-order ocular aberrations in diabetic subjects were significantly higher than in normal subjects (p = 0.03). The retinal image depth resolution in diabetic subjects was significantly lower than in normal subjects (p < 0.001). The retinal image depth resolution was inversely correlated with higher-order aberrations (r = -0.5; p = 0.007; N = 35). Conclusions. The results demonstrate disease-related increases in higher-order ocular aberrations that influence retinal image resolution in diabetic eyes. This information is useful for designing high-resolution retinal imaging systems applicable for eyes with retinal disease.
Assessment of Alzheimer’s disease case–control associations using family-based methods

The genetics of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is heterogeneous and remains only ill-defined. We have recently created a freely available and continuously updated online database (AlzGene; http://www.alzgene.org) for which we collect all published genetic association studies in AD and perform systematic meta-analyses on all polymorphisms with sufficient genotype data. In this study, we tested 27 genes (ACE, BDNF, CH25H, CHRNB2, CST3, CTSD, DAPK1, GALP, hCG2039140, IL1B, LMNA, LOC439999, LOC651924, MAPT, MTHFR, MYH13, PCK1, PGBD1, PRNP, PSEN1, SORCS1, SORL1, TF, TFAM, TNK1, GWA_14q32.13, and GWA_7p15.2), all showing significant association with AD risk in the AlzGene meta-analyses, in a large collection of family-based samples comprised of 4,180 subjects from over 1,300 pedigrees. Overall, we observe significant association with risk for AD and polymorphisms in ACE, CHRNB2, TF, and an as yet uncharacterized locus on chromosome 7p15.2 [rs1859849]. For all four loci, the association was observed with the same alleles as in the AlzGene meta-analyses. The convergence of case–control and family-based findings suggests that these loci currently represent the most promising AD gene candidates. Further fine-mapping and functional analyses are warranted to elucidate the potential biochemical mechanisms and epidemiological relevance of these genes.
The nuclear photoeffect in holmium and erbium

Abstract The photoneutron yield and photon scattering cross sections have been measured in the giant resonance region for holmium and erbium. Both cross sections were found to be the same within the experimental uncertainties for the two target materials. The absorption cross section integrated to 23 MeV is 3.20±0.48 MeV·b. The intrinsic nuclear quadrupole moment determined from the giant resonance splitting is 7.6±1.1 b. The observed scattering cross sections were large compared to that calculated from the observed absorption cross section by means of the optical theorem and the dispersion relation. The additional contribution to the scattering cross sections results from the optical anisotropy of these nuclei and can be predicted quantitatively from the expression for the scattering by a three-dimensional classical oscillator. A justification for the classical formulation is given. The data also suggest that in the energy region between 10 and 23 MeV at least 80% of the integrated absorption cross section is associated with charge oscillations along the three spatially correlated nuclear axes.
Cooperative vision-aided inertial navigation using overlapping views

In this paper, we study the problem of Cooperative Localization (CL) for two robots, each equipped with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a camera. We present an algorithm that enables the robots to exploit common features, observed over a sliding-window time horizon, in order to improve the localization accuracy of both vehicles. In contrast to existing CL methods, which require robot-to-robot distance and/or bearing measurements to resolve the robots' relative position and orientation (pose), our approach recovers the relative pose through indirect information from the commonly observed features. Moreover, we analyze the system observability properties to determine how many degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) of the relative transformation can be computed under different measurement scenarios. Lastly, we present simulation results to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
Dip coating of charged colloidal suspensions onto substrates with patterned wettability: Coating regime maps

Abstract Aqueous dispersions of silica nanoparticles were dip coated onto Si substrates that contained patterned wettability. The patterns were prepared by photolithography and consisted of groups of hydrophilic lines (5–100 μm wide) separated by hydrophobic areas (5–100 μm wide). Coating were made from two aqueous silica dispersions: a cationic dispersion in which particles have positive surface charge, and an anionic dispersion in which particles have negative surface charge. Coating morphology, thickness, and pattern quality were characterized. For a pattern containing 25 μm wide hydrophilic stripes separated by equally wide hydrophobic spaces, coating regime maps were created to show the effect of process variables on pattern features and morphology. Within the map there is a critical concentration for both dispersions, above which uniform stripes are formed and below which a segregated non-uniform structure results. Coatings prepared at withdrawal rates of 0.1 mm/s or lower resulted in a monolayer of coatings in the case of cationic silica and no deposition in the case of anionic silica. A maximum withdrawal rate was also found; above a critical speed, excess liquid is entrained and results in nonuniformity in the bottom of the pattern. The physical origin of the regimes and differences between the two types of particles are discussed.
The prosthodontist's role in total treatment of patients

Abstract There is a great need for improvement of communication between the various medical and dental specialties. Prosthodontists are able to provide valuable services in the total treatment of the patients. Unfortunately, many of the specialties are not aware of the type of service we may offer. We should strive to inform them of the services we can render by whatever means available, in the interest of the health and to provide comfort of our patients.