cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Review: City Choreographer: Lawrence Halprin in Urban Renewal America, by Alison Bick Hirsch

Alison Bick Hirsch City Choreographer: Lawrence Halprin in Urban Renewal America Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2014, 320 pp., 105 b/w illus. $30 (paper), ISBN 9780816679799 City Choreographer constitutes the most comprehensive monograph to date on the well-known landscape architect Lawrence Halprin, whose often-dramatic designs for fountains, plazas, and interconnected pedestrian pathways helped to change the faces of various American cities during the 1960s and 1970s. From the perspective of current planning policy and preservation, this monograph is timely insofar as a number of Halprin’s best-known works, notably Denver’s Skyline Park (1974) and Minneapolis’s Nicollet Mall (1968), have recently been destroyed or altered beyond recognition. Other Halprin landscapes remain in a state of disrepair or planning limbo. Part of the purpose of the book, reiterated in the introduction and conclusion, is to make a plea for the ongoing relevance and importance of Halprin’s design methods (perhaps more so than his built projects) for the shaping of contemporary urban form. As Alison Bick Hirsch notes: “The vocabulary, methodology, and intentions of Halprin’s open-ended scoring approach have only recently become part of accepted disciplinary discourse, yet with little recognition of Halprin’s pioneering efforts” (3). Given the author’s ultimately skeptical stance toward the actual open-endedness of Halprin’s methods or designs, however, the historical lesson for the present remains ambivalent. The very term city choreographer embraces this ambivalence, marking Halprin as someone whose intention it was to stage the unrehearsed movements of diverse urban inhabitants, enticing them to explore and play on his designs, and at the same time control, or “score,” patterns of movement in the city. In this sense one is reminded of earlier attempts by the proponents of the so-called New Monumentality, such as Sigfried Giedion, to spur a “spontaneous” public life through spectacles of modernist art and architecture that would appeal to some instinctive or childlike response to color and form. One is also reminded of Edmund Bacon’s attempt to construct Philadelphia as a three-dimensional composition …
DS-02INDUCTION OF AUTOPHAGY MARKERS IN GLIOMAS FOLLOWING PHARMACOLOGICAL NOTCH BLOCKADE.

BACKGROUND: Induction of autophagy has been identified as a potential mechanism for chemotherapeutic resistance, and its manipulation has increasingly been explored as a treatment strategy in many cancers. However, there is minimal data on the effects of the Notch pathway on autophagy in cancer, and none in gliomas. We therefore examined if Notch pathway blockade using a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI) would induce autophagy in glioma neurosphere lines. METHODS: 500,000 cells from 3 neurosphere lines (HSR-GBM1, 040622, and 040821), maintained in Neurocult medium supplemented with EGF and FGF, were treated for 48 hours with DMSO, 2 µM or 5 µM levels of GSI. Protein was extracted from cell lysates and Western blotting was performed using primary antibodies specific for LC3B, pAkt, Akt, pERK, and ERK, as well as β-actin. RESULTS: A LC3B-II band, suggesting induction of autophagy, was observed after Notch pathway blockade at the higher (5 µM) GSI level in all three cell lines. Inhibition of pAkt was also seen at this dose, but a significant up-regulation of pERK was not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Induction of autophagy, possibly through inhibition of the Akt / mTor pathway, was seen after Notch inhibition in glioma neurospheres using a GSI. These results suggest a possible resistance mechanism to Notch inhibition in malignant gliomas.
Stress fractures in athletes.

Summary 1. The stress fracture is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by localized pain and bone tenderness, relieved by rest, and produced by repetitive stress. 2. The incidence of stress fractures is generally increasing with increased athletic activity. Incidence is probably higher in females and lower in Blacks. 3. The x-ray appearance is delayed, variable, and often subtle. The bone scan is positive early in the process. 4. The treatment is rest and substitute activity. 5. A high index of suspicion should prevent significant morbidity.
Comparative value of blood and skin samples for diagnosis of spotted fever group rickettsial infection in model animals

The definitive diagnosis of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses in humans is challenging due to the retrospective nature and cross reactivity of the serological methods and the absence of reliable and consistent samples for molecular diagnostics. Existing data indicate the transient character of bacteremia in experimentally infected animals. The ability of arthropod vectors to acquire rickettsial infection from the laboratory animals in the absence of systemic infection and known tropism of rickettsial agents to endothelial cells of peripheral blood vessels underline the importance of local infection and consequently the diagnostic potential of skin samples. In order to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of rickettsial DNA detection in blood and skin samples, we compared results of PCR testing in parallel samples collected from model laboratory animals infected with Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri and Rickettsia slovaca-like agent at different time points after infection. Skin samples were collected from ears - away from the site of tick placement and without eschars. Overall, testing of skin samples resulted in a higher proportion of positive results than testing of blood samples. Presented data from model animals demonstrates that testing of skin samples from sites of rickettsial proliferation can provide definitive molecular diagnosis of up to 60-70% of tick-borne SFG rickettsial infections during the acute stage of illness. Detection of pathogen DNA in cutaneous samples is a valuable alternative to blood-PCR at least in model animals.
Family History, Genetics, and Down Syndrome

Excluding age, family history of dementia is the strongest risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Case–control studies suggest that individuals with a family history of dementia have around a three- to fourfold increased risk compared to those without such a history. Because parents may die without expressing the disease, the association is best seen among siblings. Twin studies suggest a very high heritability (around 80%) for AD, consistent with inherited genes playing the dominant role in determining risk for this illness. Three genes, accounting for <5% of cases, have been identified in which mutations lead to autosomal dominantly transmitted AD. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), which has three major alleles, is the major susceptibility gene for AD, explaining up to 60% of cases. Autopsy studies suggest that its main effects are on the severity of AD neuropathology. Down syndrome (DS), caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is associated with increased AD neuropathology and expression of AD 25–30 years earlier than in people without this syndrome. AD and DS occur more frequently within families, suggesting a genetic association, possibly mediated by chromosomal nondisjunction in some brain cells.
THE RELATIVE REACTION WITHIN LIVING MAMMALIAN TISSUES : VII. THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN THE REACTION OF THE BLOOD UPON THE REACTION OF THE TISSUES.

The introduction into the blood stream of dilute hydrochloric acid or sodium carbonate in quantities not too great to be compatible with life results in marked alterations in the color of certain of the matrix tissues stainable in vivo with phthalein indicators. Connective tissue in its various forms, and tendon and cartilage all become relatively more acid or alkaline than the normal. The hue of the kidney cortex also changes, as might be expected from its functions. The pancreas and lymph nodes, on the other hand, appear unaffected even when the injection is pushed to the extreme; and the slight to negligible alterations in the hue of the liver may be due to changes in the color of the associated secretion. The matrix tissues just mentioned behave as if unable to maintain a reaction of their own; whereas the elements of the parenchymal organs would seem to make their own conditions even when so much acid or alkali has been injected as will lead to death of the animal. Injections of lactic acid are well tolerated and it is difficult to bring about alterations in the color of the phthalein-stained matrix tissues by means of them. Salt solution, and sugar in large amount cause no changes in color such as would indicate changes in reaction. The results with the various phthalein indicators are in close accord, attesting that the information these give under vital conditions is reliable.
Carbon sequestration beyond tree longevity.

The effect of atmospheric CO2 on tree growth and terrestrial carbon stocks has been the subject of much debate. In his Perspective “A matter of tree longevity” (13 January, p. [130][1]), C. Korner argued that faster tree growth does not increase carbon storage because carbon is inevitably
Urban Transport, Dependent Development and Change: Lessons from a Case Study of Mexico City's Subway

From a case study of the 1965 decision to build Mexico City's subway and the conflicts it engendered between 1964 and 1976, we see the political origins and developmental effects of mass rapid tran...
Verification of GENE and GYRO with L-mode and I-mode plasmas in Alcator C-Mod

Verification comparisons are carried out for L-mode and I-mode plasma conditions in Alcator C-Mod. We compare linear and nonlinear ion-scale calculations by the gyrokinetic codes GENE and GYRO to each other and to the experimental power balance analysis. The two gyrokinetic codes' linear growth rates and real frequencies are in good agreement throughout all the ion temperature gradient mode branches and most of the trapped electron mode branches of the kyρs spectra at r/a = 0.65, 0.7, and 0.8. The shapes of the toroidal mode spectra of heat fluxes in nonlinear simulations are very similar for kyρs ≤ 0.5, but in most cases GENE has a relatively higher heat flux than GYRO at higher mode numbers. The ratio of ion to electron heat flux is similar in the two codes' simulations, but the heat fluxes themselves do not agree in almost all cases. In the I-mode regime, GENE's heat fluxes are ∼3 times those from GYRO, and they are ∼60%–100% higher than GYRO in the L-mode conditions. The GYRO under-prediction of Qe is much reduced in GENE's L-mode simulations, and it is eliminated in the I-mode simulations. This largely improved agreement with the experimental electron heat flux is offset, however, by the large overshoot of GENE's ion heat fluxes, which are 2–3 times the experimental level, and its electron heat flux overshoot at r/a = 0.80 in the I-mode. Rotation effects can explain part of the difference between the two codes' predictions, but very significant differences remain in simulations without any rotation effects.
Multi-component Constitutive Equations

The theory of mixtures has been the subject of intensive study in contemporary mechanics (Truesdell 1957, Truesdell 1969, Truesdell and Toupin 1960, Green and Naghdi 1965, Green and Naghdi 1978, Goodman and Cowin 1972, Passman 1977, Nunziato and Walsh 1980) and has spawned as many controversies about the statement and application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics as studies of single component materials. Most mixture theories assume that each component of the mixture occupies space simultaneously and is required to satisfy its own set of balance laws involving additional “growth” terms that allow the components to exchange mass, momentum, and energy among themselves in such a way that these quantities are conserved for the mixture as a whole. Generally, such treatments make use of different temperatures for each component. Controversies arise over which entropy inequality the components are required to satisfy and whether entropy inequalities that apply to the mixture as a whole can be validly applied to each component individually.
When Religion Enters the Dialogue: A Guide for Practitioners

Several factors, including Freud's debunking of religion and social work's discomfort with its religious roots, have resulted in a trend of avoiding religious issues in social work education. The result is compromised care. In this paper, clinical vignettes are utilized to illustrate some of the difficulties which may occur. A series of guidelines is offered, with the aim of increasing therapists' comfort level in negotiating religious issues in practice. Areas of discussion include assessment, resistances, object relations, and countertransference. Case examples demonstrate application of guidelines.
HFpEF, a Disease of the Vasculature: A Closer Look at the Other Half.

Patients with heart failure are commonly divided into those with reduced ejection fraction (EF 50%). For heart failure with reduced EF, a number of therapies have been found to improve patient morbidity and mortality, and treatment is guideline based. However for patients with HFpEF, no treatment has been found to have clinical benefit. To objectively assess treatments for HFpEF, a comprehensive PubMed literature search was performed using the terms HFpEF, heart failure, smooth muscle, myosin, myosin phosphatase, and PKG (up to December 31, 2017), with an unbiased focus on pathophysiology, cell signaling, and therapy. This review provides evidence that could explain the lack of clinical benefit in treating patients with HFpEF with sildenafil and long-acting nitrates. Furthermore, the review highlights the vascular abnormalities present in patients with HFpEF, and these abnormalities of the vasculature could potentially contribute to the pathophysiology of HFpEF. Thus, focusing on HFpEF as a vascular disease could result in the development of novel and effective treatment paradigms.
Radioiodine Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Time to Update the Classifications.

Background: The management of aggressive and progressing metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is very difficult, and the determination as to when such patients are refractory to 131I ther...
Barium titanate nanoparticles: Short-range lattice distortions with long-range cubic order

Barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles (sizes 10--500 nm) exhibit a displacement of the Ti atom from the center of the perovskite unit cell as inferred from synchrotron x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) analyzed using atomic pair distribution functions (PDFs). Fits to PDFs acquired at temperatures of 20 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C--220 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C indicate that these Ti displacements (\ensuremath{\sim}0.1 \AA{}) are comparable to or even greater than those in the bulk material. Moreover, these displacements persist at temperatures well above 120 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, where the tetragonal-to-pseudocubic phase transition occurs in the bulk. Tetragonal Raman spectral lines were observed for all sizes of these BTO nanoparticles and confirm a distorted unit cell up to 120 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Above 120 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the small BTO nanoparticles (10, 50, 100 nm) continue to display tetragonal Raman lines, though with slowly decreasing amplitudes as the temperature rises. In contrast, the tetragonal Raman lines of large BTO nanoparticles (300, 400, 500 nm) disappear abruptly above 120 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, suggestive of bulk material. Indeed, fits to large-particle x-ray PDFs over the range 20--60 \AA{} reveal a sharp, long-range structural change toward a cubic lattice at 120 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, again consistent with bulk material. This sharp, long-range structural change is absent in the small particles. In fact, laboratory XRD Bragg peak profiles for the small BTO particles appear to be singlets at 20 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, indicating that significant long-range cubic order already exists at room temperature. As temperature rises, this long-range cubic order is gradually reinforced, as inferred from long-range fits of the small particle PDFs. By combining information from x-ray PDFs, Raman spectra, and Bragg peak profiles, we conclude that small BTO nanoparticles exhibit both short-range (unit-cell) distortion and long-range (mesoscale) cubic order from 20 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to 220 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, while the large nanoparticles behave as bulk material, differing from small particles only by exhibiting long-range tetragonal order below 120 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and a mesoscale structural phase change at 120 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
Multi-specialty knowledge on surgical a management: Implementation of an educational initiative.

Purpose Deficiencies in airway management knowledge can result in harm, especially in tracheostomy patients. Our objective is to assess the degree of knowledge in different medical specialties, before and after targeted airway education. Materials and methods A lecture on tracheostomy management was prepared for Otolaryngology, Anesthesia, Emergency Medicine, General Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS), Internal Medicine (IM), and Family Medicine (FM). Before the lecture, a 12-question quiz on surgical airway knowledge was administered, and demographics from participants collected. Immediately following the lecture, participants were asked to retake the quiz. Performance was assessed. Population baseline characteristics included, specialty, years of practice, and previous education. Results A paired t-test evaluating pre- and post-lecture results showed a 34.2% improvement for all participants (n = 168) overall (2.7 points, p Conclusion Variability in tracheostomy knowledge based on specialty and years of training exists. We demonstrate that formal education on tracheostomy and surgical airways improved quantitative measures of knowledge.
Heterogeneity of treatment dropout: PTSD, depression, and alcohol use disorder reductions in PTSD and AUD/SUD treatment noncompleters.

Treatment dropout is often assumed to be due to worsening or lack of symptom improvement, despite minimal research examining symptom change among treatment dropouts. Thus, the present study examined symptom change in veterans who discontinued evidence-based treatment for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Participants were veterans who completed at least one session of a 12-session Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders using Prolonged Exposure (COPE) for comorbid PTSD/AUD. The study analyses investigated the 43% of the sample (n = 22) that did not complete the full 12-session protocol and were therefore considered treatment dropouts. Symptom changes in PTSD, AUD, and depression were examined among dropouts using two methods: (a) clinically significant change criteria and (b) good end-state criteria. Results indicated that a significant proportion of treatment dropouts displayed clinically significant improvement and/or met good end-state criteria for PTSD (40-59%), AUD (66%), and depression (45-68%) prior to dropping out. The results revealed that participants who displayed symptom improvement attended more treatment sessions and completed more imaginal exposures than participants who did not experience significant improvement. Together, the findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that a large proportion of treatment dropouts may actually improve. Although preliminary, the findings challenge the notion that treatment dropout is always associated with negative outcomes.
Resilience of cyber-physical manufacturing control systems

Abstract Cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) introduce a paradigm shift towards distributed manufacturing control architectures. We investigate the question: How does the transition to semi-heterarchical control structures in CPPS affect the resilience of manufacturing control structures against cascade and non-cascade disruptions in the control process? While the transition to CPPS improves resilience against non-cascade disruptions (e.g., demand variability), it also increases the vulnerability against cascade disruptions (e.g., cyber-attack). Nevertheless, our study reveals that the magnitude of improvement in the resilience of a control structure as it shifts towards heterarchy is 2.5–8 times more than the magnitude of decline in its cascade resilience.
The bounded isometry conjecture for the Kodaira-Thurston manifold and 4-Torus

The purpose of this note is to study the bounded isometry conjecture proposed by Lalonde and Polterovich. In particular, we show that the conjecture holds for the Kodaira-Thurston manifold with the standard symplectic form and for the 4-torus with all linear symplectic forms.
User-centric interdependent urban systems: Using time-of-day electricity usage data to predict morning roadway congestion

Abstract Urban systems are interdependent as individuals’ daily activities engage using those urban systems at certain time of day and locations. There may exist clear spatial and temporal correlations among usage patterns across all urban systems. This paper explores such a correlation among energy usage and roadway congestion. We propose a general framework to predict congestion starting time and congestion duration in the morning using the time-of-day electricity use data from anonymous households with no personally identifiable information. We show that using time-of-day electricity data from midnight to early morning from 322 households in the City of Austin, can make reliable prediction of congestion starting time of several highway segments, at the time as early as 2 am. This predictor significantly outperforms a time-series predictor that uses only real-time travel time data up to 6 am. We found that 8 out of the 10 typical electricity use patterns have statistically significant affects on morning congestion on highways in Austin. Some patterns have negative effects, represented by an early spike of electricity use followed by a drastic drop that could imply early departure from home. Others have positive effects, represented by a late night spike of electricity use possible implying late night activities that can lead to late morning departure from home.
The Prospective Impact of Family Functioning and Parenting Practices on Court-Involved Youth’s Substance Use and Delinquent Behavior

Court-involved youth exhibit high rates of psychiatric symptoms, substance use, and delinquency, yet little is known about the contributing roles of caregiver and family factors. The current study examined whether family functioning and parental monitoring mediate the relationship between caregiver and youth psychiatric symptoms (at first court contact) and youth substance use and delinquency (two years later). Participants were 400 first-time offending court-involved youth (Mage = 14.5 years; 57.3% male; 45.6% non-Latinx White, 42.0% Latinx) and an involved caregiver (Mage = 41.0 years; 87.2% female; 53.0% non-Latinx White, 33.8% Latinx). Structural equation modeling revealed that caregiver and youth psychiatric symptoms were prospectively associated with worse family functioning, which was in turn related to higher levels of youth delinquency and greater likelihood of substance use. The results support the notion of addressing the needs of justice-involved youth and families holistically rather than treating youth as “the problem” in isolation.
Multimodal imaging features of intraocular foreign bodies.

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine the imaging approach for evaluating intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) by comparing the ability of different modalities [plain film x-ray, computed tomography (CT), ...
Implementation and dissemination of a shared mental model of palliative oncology.

58Background: American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines support early integration of palliative care (PC) into standard oncology practice; however, little is known as to whether improved out...
32 The 4 ms strategy to fall prevention

Background Despite the fact that many organizations have implemented fall risk scales to identify patients at risk, fall management continues to challenge healthcare providers. In 2015, we noticed the Morse scale alone was an inadequate tool to fully assess a patient’s fall risk and began an intensive examination of our fall prevention protocol. Objectives Our initial aim was to assess any inadequacies in our fall prevention policies or guidelines. Subsequently, we wanted to identify and establish interventions that were effective at preventing patient falls, especially among high fall risk patients. Methods We selected Lean Six Sigma as our robust quality improvement (QI) methodology to conduct a detailed systems-based investigation. More specifically, we utilized fishbone diagrams, value stream maps, Pareto charts, flowcharts, control charts, and the 5 Whys throughout the study. Based on our findings, our team developed the 4 M strategy that promotes a multidisciplinary approach in the individualized and comprehensive assessment of a patient’s Morse score, mental status, mobility, and medications. Furthermore, we periodically evaluated our fall rates and analyzed our patient safety reporting to adjust the guidelines using additional quantitative methods. Results Over the past 3 years, continuous monitoring of monthly falls demonstrated a 40% reduction within the acute care population after implementation of the revised fall risk protocol. Conclusions Our strategy towards investigating the problem and devising data-driven solutions with robust QI tools was further facilitated through working with different disciplines, such as nursing, pharmacy, rehabilitation services, resident physicians, information technology, and health systems science specialists.
Genre Uptake as Boundary-Work: Reasoning About Uptake in Wikipedia Articles:

The circulation of scientific and technical genres in online publics can shape both public opinion and policy deliberation about issues such as global warming. While rhetoric and professional writi...
RNA Sequencing Reveals Cancer-Associated Changes in Laryngeal Cells Exposed to Non-Acid Pepsin.

OBJECTIVE Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common affliction that contributes to laryngeal inflammation, symptoms that impact quality of life, and life-threatening illnesses such as cancer. Effective treatment strategies for LPR are lacking. Pepsin is a proinflammatory and carcinogenic element of refluxate. Investigation of molecular pathways involved in pepsin-mediated damage may lead to identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LPR. In this study, RNA sequencing was used to examine changes in human laryngeal epithelial cells following brief pepsin insult. Cells were immortalized to generate a model to aid future study of laryngeal injury and therapeutics. STUDY DESIGN In vitro translational. METHODS Laryngeal epithelial cells were cultured from a patient without signs or symptoms of LPR or laryngeal cancer. Cells were treated with 0.1 mg/ml pepsin for 1 hour or normal growth media (control) prior to RNA sequencing. Cells were immortalized via HPV E6/7 and characterized by microscopy, immunohistochemistry, G-banding, and soft agar assay. RESULTS Three hundred ninety-seven genes exhibited differences in expression with pepsin treatment (P < .05). Pathway analysis revealed association with cancer and related signaling processes including dysregulation of cancer-associated molecules, Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 and KRT82, and the long-noncoding RNA, lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-AS, which regulates the putative pepsin receptor LRP1. CONCLUSIONS A single, brief exposure to pepsin activated cancer-associated signaling pathways in laryngeal cells in vitro, revealing novel mechanisms by which chronic reflux may contribute to carcinogenesis. The cell line developed herein represents a novel tool in which to investigate pepsin-dysregulated pathways identified by RNA sequencing and disparities of tumor proneness of laryngeal subsites. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 131:121-129, 2021.
Triality for Homogeneous Polynomials

Through the triality of SO(8,C) we study three interrelated homogenous basis of the ring of invariant polynomials of Lie algebras, which give the basis of three Hitchin fibrations, and identify the explicit automorphisms that relate them.
Relative value of field pea supplementation compared with distillers grains for growing cattle grazing crested wheatgrass

ABSTRACT Objective The objective was to determine a salvage value for field peas (FP) relative to dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) and establish a pricing system for FP as a supplement for growing cattle in regions where FP are grown and DDGS has limited availability. Materials and Methods In a 2-yr study, 114 heifers each year (294 ± 34.6 kg, yr 1; 306 ± 16.3 kg, yr 2) grazed crested wheatgrass pastures (n = 12). Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the main factors being supplement type (FP or DDGS) and level (0.4 or 0.8% of BW). Pasture was the experimental unit, and cattle were blocked by BW. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design. Results and Discussion There were no interactions between supplement type and level (P > 0.22). Level of supplement was not different (P > 0.15) for ADG (1.00 vs. 1.06 kg/d) or BW (416 vs. 421 kg) for 0.4 versus 0.8% BW, respectively. Heifers supplemented DDGS had greater gain (P = 0.02) than those supplemented FP (1.09 vs. 0.98 kg/d, respectively). Final BW was greater for heifers supplemented with DDGS (425 kg) compared with FP (411 kg; P = 0.04). Field pea–supplemented heifers had 10% lower ADG and 9% greater cost of gain compared with DDGS-supplemented heifers. Implications and Applications Field peas are an acceptable grazing supplement but result in ADG 10% less than DDGS, with a supplement cost of gain 9% greater than DDGS, warranting approximately 10% price reduction before transportation.
Late Breaking Results: A Neural Network that Routes ICs

A global router is proposed that learns from routed circuits and autonomously routes unseen layouts. The uniqueness of this approach is in redefining the global routing as a classical image-to-image processing problem. The imaging problem is efficiently solved with a deep learning system, comprising a variational autoencoder and custom loss function. This fundamentally new routing method provides a natural way for global routing parallelization. The deep router is designed, trained, and tested on an unseen 64×64 ISPD’98 benchmark circuit. The test results yield 3.2% decrease in routability and over 5X speedup in runtime as compared with the state-of-the-art FastRoute router.
MicroRNA-98 reduces nerve growth factor expression in nicotine-induced airway remodeling

Evolving evidence suggests that nicotine may contribute to impaired asthma control by stimulating expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin associated with airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. We explored the hypothesis that nicotine increases NGF by reducing lung fibroblast (LF) microRNA-98 (miR-98) and PPARγ levels, thus promoting airway remodeling. Levels of NGF, miR-98, PPARγ, fibronectin 1 (FN1), endothelin-1 (EDN1, herein referred to as ET-1), and collagen (COL1A1 and COL3A1) were measured in human LFs isolated from smoking donors, in mouse primary LFs exposed to nicotine (50 μg/ml), and in whole lung homogenates from mice chronically exposed to nicotine (100 μg/ml) in the drinking water. In selected studies, these pathways were manipulated in LFs with miR-98 inhibitor (anti-miR-98), miR-98 overexpression (miR-98 mimic), or the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. Compared with unexposed controls, nicotine increased NGF, FN1, ET-1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 expression in human and mouse LFs and mouse lung homogenates. In contrast, nicotine reduced miR-98 levels in LFs in vitro and in lung homogenates in vivo. Treatment with anti-miR-98 alone was sufficient to recapitulate increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1, whereas treatment with a miR-98 mimic significantly suppressed luciferase expression in cells transfected with a luciferase reporter linked to the putative seed sequence in the NGF 3′UTR and also abrogated nicotine-induced increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1 in LFs. Similarly, rosiglitazone increased miR-98 and reversed nicotine-induced increases in NGF, FN1, and ET-1. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that nicotine-induced increases in NGF and other markers of airway remodeling are negatively regulated by miR-98.
On the Past and Future of Religion, Art and Philosophy

Recent critics have argued that the concept of “religion” is an essentially modern development, claiming that no ancient language has terms that adequately correspond to our sense of the words “religion” and “religious.” But the short history claimed for “religion” as a concept is not an isolated phenomenon: the situation in religious studies may, for example, be interestingly compared to that within the study of the parallel humanities disciplines of art history and aesthetics, where critics have made a similar case about the lack of any corresponding ancient notion of “art.” If both religion and art have such brief conceptual histories, what should change about the way scholars in these traditional humanities disciplines approach phenomena that exist in the much longer pre-history relevant to both fields? And what changes for the “afterlife” of both conceptions with this new historical self-awareness? This chapter examines the shifts in these fields and the future role philosophy should play vis-a-vis art and religion if these reconstruals of the development of the concepts of art and religion are correct.
Making Space for Visual Literacy in Literacy Teacher Preparation: Preservice Teachers Coding to Design Digital Books

To reduce the lag between highly visual texts in elementary classrooms and a lack of emphasis on visual literacy in teacher preparation, this study explored preservice teachers' coding in the design of a visually-enhanced digital book. A qualitative case study shaped the research design and data collection, including ten digital book artifacts and reflections from preservice teachers. Content analysis identified modes of communication evident within digital books, while thematic analysis examined reflections. One book included all modes of communication. Books lacked consistency of supportive, accessible, and engaging features such as narration, captions, and scene detail. Reflections indicated possibilities and visual affordances of digital book reading in the classroom, at the cost of technological challenges and time required to use a new tool. Findings call for a shift to acknowledge and incorporate visual literacy theories and practices into teacher preparation programs to prepare preservice teachers for digitally literate classrooms.
Declaración institucional de la Universidad Loyola Andalucía sobre el Desarrollo

El trabajo en desarrollo en la Universidad Loyola Andalucia es mas antiguo que la propia Universidad. Habria que remontarse a los inicios de ETEA en los anos 60 del siglo pasado para encontrar las primeras actividades en este campo. La Fundacion ETEA para el Desarrollo y la Cooperacion, hoy Instituto de Desarrollo de la Universidad Loyola, ha jugado un papel clave en ese trabajo desde su constitucion en 2002.
Sport Performance Interventions

In a variation of an old joke, a boy asks a taxi driver, “How do I get to Fenway Park?” The cabbie replies, “Practice, practice, practice.” Although conventional wisdom suggests that physical practice is the path to sport performance excellence, enhancement of mental skills can also help athletes reach their sport goals. Sport performance interventions focusing on the ability to reach optimal performance states (i.e., “the zone”), management of arousal and anxiety, self-talk, imagery, goal setting, mindfulness, biofeedback, and modeling have been identified as techniques that contribute positively to sport performance. Research on performance enhancement treatment packages indicates that combining two or more of these psychological techniques is particularly effective. Keywords: anxiety; biofeedback; goal setting; imagery; mindfulness; modeling; self-talk; sport psychology
The efficacy of a daily self-weighing weight loss intervention using smart scales and e-mail.

Objective To examine the impact of a weight loss intervention that focused on daily self-weighing for self-monitoring as compared to a delayed control group among 91 overweight adults.
Super-resolution Imaging Shows Spatial Regulation of p130Cas Phosporylation within Focal Adhesions

Cell motility is critical for physiological processes such as tissue development and remodeling as well as pathologies such as cancer metastasis. Cell motility is influenced by its surrounding matrix through biochemical and mechanical stimuli. p130Cas is a signaling molecule that has been proposed to be a mechanosensor, which responds to mechanical stimuli and mediates cell motility during the early stage of lamellipodial protrusions. p130Cas localizes to focal adhesions (FAs) and binds with its effectors via tyrosine phosphorylation of its substrate domain. Previous studies have suggested that mechanical stimuli increase p130Cas tyrosine phosphorylation and these phosphotyrosines recruit SH2-domain containing effectors like Crk, that initiate a signaling cascade activating the small Rho-GTPase Rac1 leading to lamellipodial protrusions. Due to spatial heterogeneity of stresses within FAs, we hypothesized that p130Cas phosphorylation is not uniform across a single FA. Spatial differences across such small ...
Conflict and Militarization in Africa: Past Trends and New Scenarios

International politics during the past four years has been characterized by such turbulence that a myriad of interrelated events — the demise of the Cold War and the Soviet Union, the democratization drive in many developing nations, and the growing emphasis on redefinition of security along economic lines, among others — are helping to shape a new world agenda. In Africa, the unfolding geopolitical fluidity and socio-economic effervescence is manifested especially in the emergence of a democratic revolution sweeping across many corners of the continent, a change in some previously intractable civil wars — Angola and Ethiopia—in particular, and a corresponding emphasis on economic efficiency manifested in the push towards privatization and IMF-type prescriptions.
What goes up must come down! A primary care approach to preventing injuries amongst highflying cheerleaders.

PURPOSE: This article provides information regarding the most common nonlife-threatening and catastrophic injuries that occur during cheerleading, and describes the role of the nurse practitioner (NP) in managing patients who participate in cheerleading. DATA SOURCES: Literature review of evidence-based research articles, epidemiological reports, and current guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Cheerleading is one of the most popular sports among adolescent females, and participation has increased rapidly in recent years. Rates of injury have also increased as the difficulty of this activity reaches new heights. Several factors such as body changes during puberty, societal pressures affecting nutrition, and lack of safety regulations place cheerleaders at risk for injury. Sprains/strains are the most common injury, and concussions are the most common traumatic injury. Injuries occur as a result of tumbling, stunting, falling, spotting, and unsafe practice surfaces. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The role of the NP in injury prevention is to identify risk factors during preparticipation physicals, initiate conditioning and strength training routines, and implement safety measures during practices and competitions. The NP should also provide education and guidance to cheerleaders, parents, and coaches. Language: en
Hamilton's rule applied to reciprocal altruism

Reciprocal altruism and inclusive fitness are generally considered alternative mechanisms by which cooperative, altruistic traits may evolve. Here we demonstrate that very general versions of Hamilton's inclusive fitness rule (developed by Queller) can be applied to traditional reciprocal altruism models such as the iterated prisoner's dilemma. In this way we show that both mechanisms rely fundamentally on the same principle - the positive assortment of helping behaviors. We discuss barriers to this unified view, including phenotype/genotype differences and nonadditive fitness (or utility) functions that are typical of reciprocal altruism models. We then demonstrate how Queller's versions of Hamilton's rule remove these obstacles.
Mongolian Music, Dance, and Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities.

Mongolian Music, Dance, and Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities. Carole Pegg. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2001. 376 pp.
Stripeless incommensurate magnetism in strongly correlated oxide La 1.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 4

We studied the nanoscale structure of the short-range incommensurate magnetic order in ${\text{La}}_{1.5}{\text{Sr}}_{0.5}{\text{CoO}}_{4}$ by elastic neutron scattering. We find that magnetic diffuse scattering is isotropic in the $a\text{\ensuremath{-}}b$ plane, in contrast with the naive expectation based on the popular stripe model. Indeed, charge segregation into lines favoring certain lattice direction(s) would facilitate linear stacking faults in an otherwise robust antiferromagnetism of undoped material, leading to anisotropic disorder with a characteristic symmetry pattern present in the neutron scattering data.
Responses of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Carrier Mice to X-Ray-Induced Lymphoma

The data presented in this paper define the interrelationship between two endogenous diseases in the same host. The Haas strain of germfree mice with congenitally acquired persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus infection developed the X-ray-induced lymphatic leukemia independent of LCM viremia. The immunoproliferative LCM-related lesions appeared after age 7 months, and the radiogenic lymphatic leukemia appeared earlier or during the same age period. Both diseases evolved with distinctive lesions at the appropriate time, with no evidence of interference nor of synergism between the two syndromes. The Haas strain of mice showed an unusual sensitivity to X rays which was associated with depletion of blood components and coincident death. The sensitivity of the mice to X rays might be a characteristic of the Haas mouse or the result of an LCM virus-induced alteration in hematopoiesis.
A secure two phase locking protocol

A secure concurrency control algorithm must, in addition to maintaining consistency of the database, be free from covert channels arising due to data conflicts between transactions. The existing secure concurrency control approaches are unfair to transactions at higher access classes. A secure two-phase locking protocol that is shown to be free from covert channels arising due to data conflicts between transactions and that provides reasonably fair execution of all transactions, regardless of their access class, is presented. A description of the protocol for a centralized database system is given, and the extensions that need to be provided in a distributed environment are discussed. >
Digital implementation of repetitive controllers for robotic manipulators

The digital implementation of two repetitive control schemes on a SCARA-type two-axes manipulator is described. The controllers consist of a linear proportional and derivative feedback term and a feedforward repetitive term. The repetitive feedforward is adjusted periodically by using a linear combination of the position and velocity tracking errors of the current and/or previous cycles. Explicit knowledge of the structure of the manipulator model is not required. Two different learning algorithms for updating the feedforward repetitive control action are investigated. A simulation is first conducted to evaluate the performance of the repetitive controllers. The implementation of the controllers on the Berkeley/NSK SCARA robot arm is then discussed. Simulation and implementation results are in agreement and show that the use of the repetitive feedforward action in the control scheme significantly improves the tracking performance of the robot. >
Problems with the pathological diagnosis of osteonecrosis

Establishing the pathological diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) has historically been given little importance. In fact, even the need to histologically examine femoral heads (that have been excised during routine hip arthroplasty) has been debated [1, 2]. Perhaps this lack of interest is because ONFH becomes significant only when it leads to secondary degenerative joint disease (DJD), and because the treatment of hip ONFH and DJD is the same. This leads to a lack of interest by the surgeon in the pathological diagnosis of femoral heads, because the diagnosis does not alter the subsequent management or outcome. However, a few years ago, one of the authors was part of an advisory committee meeting at the FDA where a group of drugs was being investigated for a possible side effect of ONFH [3]. Although the final adjudication was based upon multiple factors, one problem that came to light during the discussion was the relative uncertainty in the baseline prevalence rates of ONFH. It became obvious that although the diagnosis of osteonecrosis may not matter to the individual patient or surgeon, it becomes important in developing prevalence data uponwhich future drug trials may perhaps depend. Literature on the prevalence of ONFH is surprisingly sparse. A literature review (Medline, 1946 to present), using the key words prevalence and osteonecrosis or avascular necrosis yielded 272 articles; however, it turned out that most of these did not deal with ONFH in general patient populations. Instead, the vast majority of articles deal with specific patients such as those with kidney disease, collagen vascular diseases, immunosuppression, genetic conditions, transplantation or hematological problems amongst whom the prevalence of ONFH is expected to be higher than in the general public. It is clear that the prevalence of osteonecrosis depends on the patient mix [4]. After excluding articles that were limited to certain patient groups or diseases, there were only a handful of articles that dealt with general patient populations. These articles generally suggested that in the United States, ONFH affects about 10 % of all hips that are replaced [5–8]; however, some of these articles were not very clear about how the diagnoses were made (radiologically or pathologically). In some countries, for example, Japan and South Korea, there has been an attempt to study the prevalence of ONFH at a national level [9–11]. In Japan, a questionnaire was sent to orthopedic departments, and in South Korea, insurance data were used. Both methods have the benefit of including patients who may not present for surgery, but the disadvantage that the use of a code for the diagnosis does not reveal whether the diagnosis was only clinically suspected or definitively made, or how it was made: radiologically versus pathologically. Studies from Asia also reveal a higher prevalence—as many as 50–60 % of arthroplasties are performed to treat ONFH [10, 12]. However, this may be the result of a lower * Jasvir S. Khurana jkhurana@temple.edu