cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Distribution, Diversity, and Seasonality of Waterborne Salmonellae in a Rural Watershed

Salmonella outbreaks from contaminated water and nonanimal foods (e.g., produce) are increasingly reported. To address the environment as a potential source of pathogenic Salmonella, we investigated levels of salmonellae and the geographic and temporal variation of Salmonella serotypes from surface waters in a region of Georgia (United States) with a history of high salmonellosis case rates. Monthly water samples were collected from six stations in the Little River (Upper Suwannee Basin) for 12 months (April 2005 to April 2006). Salmonellae were enumerated using a three-step most-probable-number (MPN) assay. Salmonellae were detected in 57 of the 72 water samples collected (79.2%). Monthly Salmonella densities ranged from an MPN of 2.5 liter−1 in April 2005 to 36.3 liter−1 in August 2005; concentrations were significantly higher in the summer months compared to other seasons (P < 0.05). Concentrations were not significantly different between stations. Levels of salmonellae were correlated with average daily watershed rainfall for the 1 and 2 days preceding each sample collection (r = 0.77 and 0.68, respectively; P < 0.005). Additionally, water temperature was also positively associated with total Salmonella levels (r = 0.44; P < 0.05). In total, 13 S. enterica serotypes were identified among 197 Salmonella isolates. Eighty (40.6%) were identified as S. enterica subsp. arizonae. Muenchen and Rubislaw were the most frequently identified serotypes of the remaining 117 isolates (28 and 26 isolates, respectively). Serotype diversity peaked in the summer, with 9 serotypes observed in August compared to only one serotype (S. enterica subsp. arizonae) observed in April (2005 and 2006) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, all samples collected in August (6/6) contained multiple serotypes (two to five per sample). The results of this study suggest that Salmonella abundance and diversity in the environment vary temporally and are strongly influenced by seasonal precipitation and water temperature.
Non‐Gaussian Response of Offshore Platforms: Dynamic

A hybrid method, consisting of spectral and probabilistic analysis techniques, is proposed to evaluate the dynamic response characteristics of offshore platforms considering nonlinear wave kinematics and free‐surface fluctuation effects. The effect of nonlinear wave kinematics and intermittent loading is that the wave loading is non‐Gaussian. The response of platforms to such non‐Gaussian loading will be non‐Gaussian. A combination of spectral and probabilistic analyses is developed to estimate the response up to the fourth moment. The probability distribution of the response is estimated as a mixture of Gaussian distribution and shifted exponential distribution. With the help of an example, it is shown that the free‐surface fluctuations have a significant effect on the response. The skewness and kurtosis are shown to increase with an increase in significant wave height. The probability distribution is shown to deviate from the normally assumed Gaussian distribution, particularly at the tails commonly fou...
Examining the Effectiveness of a Case Management Program for Custodial Grandparent Families

Researchers have identified complex needs of custodial grandparent families and lack of access to needed resources such as housing, financial and legal assistance, and health care. Case management links these families with needed services while helping them develop skills to promote their health and well-being. This paper describes a case management program for custodial grandparent families using a nurse-social worker case management team. data were collected from 50 grandparents and 33 children using surveys and semi-structured instruments. Physical and mental health outcomes were measured using Short Form-12 Health Survey (SF 12) to measure the perceived quality of health for grandparents and the Child Behavior Checklist to measure the emotional and behavioral functioning of grandchildren. Grandparents more positively perceived their mental health after participating in the program. Perceptions about physical health were generally the same before and after the program. Grandparents' reported that many grandchildren had emotional and behavioral problems in the clinical range. These findings highlight the need for further research on the mental health needs of children being parented by grandparents as well as determining effective models and interventions to minimize adverse effects of parenting on grandparents.
Approximation Procedures for the One-Warehouse Multi-Retailer System

Two heuristic procedures for a one-warehouse multi-retailer system are developed. Based on the accuracy desired, the first heuristic evaluates a specified number of points. The relative error is within a bound that approaches 1/â2 ln 2-1 â 2.014%. The complexity of the heuristic is On for a fixed number of evaluations. Although our bound only approaches the one of Roundy 1985, when only a small number of points are evaluated, our method is faster. We show that the bound for our procedure and two bounds proposed by Roundy 1985 are tight. The second heuristic pertains to a class of polities called stationary interval policies. For this class of policies, we develop a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme where the relative error is within e > 0, and the computational effort increases as a linear function of 1/âe. Computational experiments show that these heuristics perform well in practice.
Inhibitory effects of interferon-inducing pyrimidinones on the growth of transplantable mouse bladder tumors.

Abstract Pyrimidinones are low-molecular-weight compounds which are inducers of interferon in several animal species. They have established antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antitumor effects. Four pyrimidinones as well as another potent interferon inducer, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid, and β-interferon were tested for effects on growth of the transplantable mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2). The pyrimidinones 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3 H )pyrimidinone (ABPP) and 2-amino-5-bromo-6-(3-fluorophenyl)-4(3 H )pyrimidinone (ABMFPP) significantly inhibited MBT-2 growth in a dose-dependent manner and with equal potency when injected i.p. every 4 days starting 1 day after tumor cell inoculation. Administration of ABPP p.o. was as effective as i.p. injections. Direct intravesical application of ABPP to transplantable tumors growing in the bladder may be more effective in inhibiting MBT-2 growth than the same dose introduced p.o. Although ABPP (100 mg/kg) has an inhibitory effect comparable to 5000 units of β-interferon, both pyrimidinones even at 500 mg/kg were less inhibitory of tumor growth than 10 mg of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid per kg. The pyrimidinones 2-amino-5-bromo-6-(2,5-difluorophenyl)pyrimidin-4(3 H )one (ABDFPP) and 2 - amino - 5 - iodo - 6 - (2,3 - difluorophenyl)pyrimidin - 4(3 H )one (AIDFPP) were also of comparable potency in inhibiting MBT-2 growth and were more effective on mg/kg basis than both ABPP and ABMFPP. Treatment with ABDFPP or AIDFPP also resulted in long-term cures of up to 40% of mice. In this respect these latter two compounds were superior to treatment with 10 mg of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid per kg, a treatment which reduced tumor size but had no effects on tumor incidence. The data suggest that tumors of bladder origin may be particularly sensitive to treatment with pyrimidinones.
XCAT3: a framework for CCA components as OGSA services

The benefits of component technologies are well known: they enable encapsulation, modular construction of applications and software reuse. The DOE sponsored common component architecture (CCA) as stated in R. Armstrong et al. (1999) project adopts a component-based approach for building large scale scientific applications. On the other hand, the Web services-based open grid service architecture (OGSA) and infrastructure (OGSI) based on I. Foster et al. (2002) come close to defining a component architecture for the Grid. Using an approach where a CCA component is modeled as a set of Grid services, the XCAT3 framework allows for CCA components to be compatible with the OGSI specification. This enables CCA components to be accessible via standard Grid clients, especially the ones that are portal-based. For CCA compatibility, XCAT3 uses interfaces generated by the Babel toolkit based CASC (2003), and for OGSI compatibility, it uses the Extreme GSX toolkit based on Indiana University Extreme Computing Lab. Grid Service Extensions (2003). In this paper, we describe our experience in implementing the XCAT3 system, and how it can be used to compose complex distributed applications on the Grid in a modular fashion.
Interactions between Simulated Tropical Cyclones and an Environment with a Variable Coriolis Parameter

Abstract Numerical simulations of tropical cyclones are performed to examine the effects of a variable Coriolis parameter on the structure and intensity of hurricanes. The simulations are performed using the nonhydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model using a 5-km fine mesh and fully explicit representation of moist processes. When a variable Conolis parameter ( f ) environment is applied to a mature tropical cyclone, a persistent north-northwesterly shear develops over the storm center as a result of an interaction between the primary circulation of the storm and the gradient in absolute vorticity. As a result, the variable-f storm quickly develops a persistent wavenumber-1 asymmetry in its inner-core structure with upward motion and rainfall concentrated on the left side of the shear looking downshear, in agreement with earlier studies. In comparison, the constant-f storm develops weak transient asymmetries in structure that are ...
Star-like copolymer stabilized noble-metal nanoparticle powders

The amphiphilic star-like copolymer polyethylenimine-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (PEI-b-PCL) was utilized to transfer the pre-synthesized citrate-capped noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) from an aqueous layer to an organic layer without any additional reagents. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to study the assembly of the polymers coated on the surface of the citrate-capped NMNPs. After removing the organic solvent, the polymer-coated NMNPs in powder form (PCP-NMNPs) were obtained. The excellent solubility of the PEI-b-PCL allows the PCP-NMNPs to be easily dispersed in most of the organic solvents without any significant aggregation. Moreover, the good thermal stability and long-term stability make PCP-NMNPs an excellent NMNP-containing hybrid system for different specific applications, such as surface coating, catalysis and thermoplastic processing of nanocomposite materials.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Animal-Source Salmonella Heidelberg Isolates

Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg (S. Heidelberg) is frequently implicated in human foodborne Salmonella infections and often produces more severe clinical disease than other serotypes. Livestock and poultry products represent a potential risk for transmission to humans. The purpose of this study was to evaluate 49 S. Heidelberg veterinary isolates for exponential growth rate (EGR), PFGE pattern, and antimicrobial resistance to evaluate these parameters as mechanisms by which S. Heidelberg emerged as a virulent foodborne pathogen. Isolates were categorized by species of origin; clinical or environmental sources; and time frame of recovery. Growth rates were determined in nutrient media using serial dilutions and colony counts; PFGE was performed according to the CDC PulseNet protocol. Minimum inhibitory concentration and susceptibility determinations were performed against antimicrobials important in human medicine. Eighteen unique PFGE patterns were detected in the isolates tested. Antimicrobial resistance was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for ten of 15 drugs in clinical over environmental isolates; for four drugs between the time frames; and for ten drugs between species of origin. The large genetic diversity present in isolates of this serotype may convey competitive advantages to this organism, while the presence of antimicrobial resistance represents a potential zoonotic risk via animal-source food products.
Intelligence and Creativity

The first portion of this chapter reviews the concept of emotional intelligence. Some attention is paid to what is meant by the terms emotion, intelligence, and emotional intelligence. A distinction is drawn between models of emotional intelligence that focus on mental abilities and alternative models that, increasingly, are recognized as speaking more generally of personality. Measures of emotional intelligence are examined in the chapter's second section. Findings concerning what emotional intelligence predicts are the topic of the chapter's third section. There is an increasing call to weed out those conceptualizations that do not make sense to be called emotional intelligence. Alternatively, they can be transplanted in the soil of personality psychology, where they better belong. Current research suggests that mental ability models of emotional intelligence can be described as a standard intelligence, and they empirically meet the criteria for a standard intelligence.
Money Demand in Korea: A Cointegration Analysis, 1973-2014

This paper estimates the demand for real money in Korea over the 1973Q3 to 2014Q4 period via unit root and cointegration methods. Utilizing the Johansen cointegration methodology and the Pantula principle, it establishes that a long-term relationship exists among the included variables. The paper also estimates an error correction model (ECM) as well as a vector error correction model (VECM), extending previous analyses by performing forecasts and testing for Granger causality among the variables. It finds that the broader definition of money, M2, serves as a relatively better measure of the money aggregate than M1 when evaluating the stability of the real demand for money. The long-term interest (LR) rate also seems to provide better results than the short-term rate (SR), which is consistent with economic theory given that it refers to a long-run equilibrium relationship. Both the ECM and VECM estimates showed the expected (and significant) signs on the coefficients; LM2 (LM1) and LGDP were positively related and LM2 (LM1) and LR (SR) were negatively related. Granger block causality tests and impulse response functions together seem to suggest that the traditional money demand function which places M as its ‘dependent’ variable, while including income and interest rates as its regressors, was a robust and stable model in the case of Korea.
A cognition-based framework for the development of visualization literacy

Data visualizations are prevalent in scientific simulation, medicine, physical therapy, product design, manufacturing, weather predictions, simulations, and engineering. They are also used in information and scientific visualization for WWW exploration, document searching, and education. This pervasiveness makes it important to understand how we comprehend these visualizations, what comprehension difficulties can be expected in diverse populations, and which visual properties increase comprehension difficulty. This will enable us to create training methods that help people gain basic comprehension strategies and analytic skills for visualizations. The goal of this dissertation is to define an approach that can be used to determine the factors that make a visualization difficult to comprehend by certain individuals. This information is then used to test if training using this information helps individuals develop new and workable strategies for visualization analysis. In this dissertation we present an approach that is designed as a series of steps designed (1) to determine what cognitive abilities are correlated with comprehension of the visualization, (2) to identify visual properties that make a basic visualization difficult to comprehend and (3) to measure the effect of basic incremental training using these visual properties.
Psychology Data on the Effects of Study Schedules on Category-Member Classification

Subjects ( N = 100) studied a series of 6 natural exemplars (birds) from each of 12 different categories (families). Birds were presented in one of 4 ways: (1) blocked by category; (2) intermixed; (3) first blocked, then intermixed; or (4) first intermixed, then blocked. Following study, subjects judged the likelihood that they would be able to classify new birds belonging to families that had been studied earlier. Finally, subjects were asked to classify 6 new birds from each of 12 studied families. The data were collected in the laboratory and are stored using fig share in an Excel file alongside an annotation file. The data can inform future investigations of the way that individuals learn natural concepts and categories.
BETA BLOCKER DOSAGE AND USE OVER TIME IN THE SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE TREATMENT WITH THE IF INHIBITOR IVABRADINE TRIAL (SHIFT) STUDY

In the SHIFT study, ivabradine, a novel selective inhibitor of the cardiac pacemaker f-current (If) that lowers heart rate, showed significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality or hospitalizations for worsening heart failure vs placebo in patients with chronic systolic heart failure, when added
Updates on evaluation of tumor markers for breast cancers

Current management of breast cancers depends on accurate evaluation of prognostic and predictive tumor markers. The guidelines for evaluation of the commonly used markers, such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Her2 and proliferation markers are periodically updated. Their clinical significance has been constantly re-evaluated and reinforced by many pre-clinical and clinical research teams. A recent guideline by ASCP/CAP on Her2 interpretation is one of the most recent examples. The importance of tumor heterogeneity and ploidy status of the tumor has become a more and more critical issue in marker interpretation in oncology practice, especially in the evolving disease in recurrence/metastasis. Furthermore, to achieve the personalized treatment, the genomic medicine related assays are a rapidly growing part of breast cancer work-up process, even from a pathology point of view. This short course will discuss the most recent guidelines for the conventional tumor markers, especially Her2 interpretation. The significance of tumor heterogeneity relating to tumor marker interpretation will be discussed, together with tumor ploidy status. In addition, the evolving molecular assays to triage breast cancer patients will be reviewed, including commercially available assays and the genomic tests offered at large academic institutions for targeted therapy.
Multi-constrained 3D topology optimization via augmented topological level-set

Abstract The objective of this paper is to introduce and demonstrate a robust methodology for solving multi-constrained 3D topology optimization problems. The proposed methodology is a combination of the topological level-set formulation, augmented Lagrangian algorithm, and assembly-free deflated finite element analysis (FEA). The salient features of the proposed method include: (1) it exploits the topological sensitivity fields that can be derived for a variety of constraints, (2) it rests on well-established augmented Lagrangian formulation to solve constrained problems, and (3) it overcomes the computational challenges by employing assembly-free deflated FEA. The proposed method is illustrated through several 3D numerical experiments.
Painting Your Point: The Role of Color in Firms' Strategic Responses to Product Failures via Advertising and Marketing Communications

Color plays a significant role in firms' strategic marketing communications and advertising. This research examines how color (red versus blue) in advertising and marketing communications that follow a firm's failure dynamically influences consumers' interpretations of negative firm information and sensitivity to the firm's response to the failure. We find that the color red used in postfailure advertising and firm marketing communications narrows the scope of consumers' conceptual attention on the firm failure and makes consumers less sensitive to a firm's response to the failure. In contrast, exposure to the color blue expands the scope of consumers' conceptual attention and makes them integrate the firm's response in their firm evaluations. In addition, the negative effect of red is mitigated via the use of a more benign cue, leading to the broadening of the scope of conceptual attention and integration of a firm's response that are consistent with blue cues.
Spatial Ecology of the Fungal Genus Xylaria in a Tropical Cloud Forest

Fungal symbioses with plants are ubiquitous, ancient, and vital to both ecosystem function and plant health. However, benefits to fungal symbionts are not well explored, especially in non-mycorrhizal fungi. The Foraging Ascomycete hypothesis proposes that some wood-decomposing fungi may shift life-history strategies to endophytism to bridge gaps in time and space between suitable substrates. To test this hypothesis we examine spatial relationships of Xylaria endophytic fungi in the forest canopy with Xylaria decomposer fungi on the forest floor. We sampled for fungi of the genus Xylaria using a spatially explicit sampling scheme in a remote Ecuadorian cloud forest, and concurrently carried out an extensive culture-based sampling of fungal foliar endophytes. We found 36 species of Xylaria in our 0.5 ha plot, 31 of which were found to only occur as fruiting bodies. All five species of Xylaria found as endophytes were also found as fruiting bodies. We also tested the relationships of both stages of these fungi to environmental variables. Decomposer fungi were differentiated by species-specific habitat preferences, with three species being found closer to water than expected by chance. In contrast, endophytes displayed no sensitivity to environmental conditions, such as host, moisture, or canopy cover. We found evidence of spatial linkage between life stages in two species. We also demonstrate that direct transmission of endophytes from leaves to woody substrates is possible. These results indicate that endophytism may represent one way for decomposer fungi to escape moisture limitation, and that endophytic fungi may act as sources of dispersal for decomposer fungi consistent with predictions of the Foraging Ascomycete hypothesis.
Control of variables in freezing and drying beef

Objective:To find out reasons why freeze-drying beef exceed the allowed figure and discover improvement methods.Methods:This experiment carries on the follow-up control on the process of producing freezing and drying beef in food company.At the beginning of the primary election of raw materials,the experiment examines the fat content and the peroxide value in each link during the process of freezing and drying.Results:After drying,the fat content of material in Group B reaches 8.86%,which exceeds 0.36% than the standard.Conclusion:In order to ensure the testing guide line of materials satisfy the requirement,it's necessary to establish a strict system on material input.
Identification of related substances in research of new chemical drugs

The identification of related substances in drugs is very important in the qualitative investigation of new chemical drugs.However,the research levels of the domestic researchers remain to be very low,and need to be improved urgently.In this article,we introduced several ways for the identification of related substances in new drugs to give suggestions to the domestic researchers.
Indications for Repair: Who Really Needs Surgery?

Rotator cuff tears are a common cause of shoulder pain and disability; the prevalence of rotator cuff tears approximates 30–40 % and increases with age. Indications for repair are controversial and non-standardized [Dunn et al. (J Bone Joint Surg Am 87(9):1978–84, 2005); Wolf et al. (Am J Sports Med 35(6):1007–16, 2007); Oh et al. (Clin Orthop Relat Res 455:52–63, 2007)]. In the absence of comprehensive natural history studies, surgical indications must be closely related to failure of nonoperative care. There is evidence to support performing early surgery in patients with acute traumatic rotator cuff tears. Young, active patients who are skeptical about physical therapy may also benefit from early rotator cuff repair. Elderly patients with atraumatic full-thickness tears should undergo a trial of nonoperative management with a structured physical therapy program before surgery is pursued.
Group work that supports adult victims of childhood incest.

Discovery of common problems among women who suffered incest in childhood led to the development of group work treatment for them. The process made it possible for members to discuss topics such as...
Human pulmonary arteries dilate to 20-HETE, an endogenous eicosanoid of lung tissue

We investigated the effect of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), an arachidonic acid metabolite of the cytochrome P-450 (cP450) 4A pathway, on human pulmonary arterial tone. 20-HETE elicited a dose-dependent and indomethacin-inhibitable vasodilation of isolated small pulmonary arteries. Whole lung microsomes metabolized [24C]arachidonic acid into 20-HETE and a variety of leukotrienes, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, and prostanoids. Indomethacin blocked formation of prostanoids without effects on the conversion of arachidonate into 20-HETE, 20-HETE was converted by lung microsomes into prostanoids, raising the possibility that 20-HETE may be metabolized by cyclooxygenase enzymes in vascular tissue to a vasodilatory compound. Western blots probed with a polyclonal antibody to cP450 4A identified a protein of approximately 50 kDa immunologically similar to the cP450 4A in rat liver. We conclude that small arteries from human lungs dilate upon exposure to 20-HETE in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner and that the proteins and enzymatic activity required to synthesize this product are present in lungs. Our observations suggest that cP450 enzyme products could be endogenous modulators of pulmonary vascular tone.
The disposable contact lens: a new concept in extended wear

Due to reports of severe eye infections associated with the extended wear of soft contact lenses, this once-popular mode of contact lens wear has fallen into disrepute and been abandoned by many fitters and patients. Recently, an extended wear disposable contact lens was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The lenses are designed to be worn continuously for one to two weeks and then discarded. A new pair is then inserted. This approach holds the potential to increase the safety, convenience, comfort, and quality of vision possible in extended wear. Clinical studies are presented in support of this position. I found this disposable contact lens to be a safe and convenient way to re-introduce extended wear.
Nuclear Transfer in Swine

Publisher Summary Swine have become important in biomedical research because they are excellent models for cardiovascular disease; cutaneous pharmacology and toxicology research; lipoprotein metabolism; and pathobiology of intestinal transport, injury, and repair. They are also considered a potential source of organs for xenotransplantation. This chapter focuses on the process of nuclear transfer in swine and examines the reports of offspring derived from cultured cells. The most obvious difference in morphology between a pronucleus and nuclei from other cell types is the size of the pronucleus. Nuclear swelling is an indirect indicator of the exchange of proteins that occurs after nuclear transfer, and one specific class of proteins that is known to change in composition during early cleavage is the nuclear lamins. Another morphological change that occurs is in the structure of the nucleoli. In a cell that undergoes active rRNA synthesis, at and beyond the four-cell stage in the pig, the nucleoli have a very reticulated or vacuolated appearance with a very rough or granular periphery. After the donor nucleus is transferred into the cytoplasm of the oocyte, the oocyte is stimulated to initiate the resumption of meiosis. In 2000, three laboratories reported the birth of pigs following nuclear transfer, where all of them used different techniques to accomplish the transfer.
Statins in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Translating Evidence to Action.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by mutations in 3 genes: LDLR, principally, APOB, less frequently, and PCSK9, rarely. Causal mutations, of which there are more than 1,500 in LDLR alone, disrupt the ability of the liver to recycle low-density
The Rhythmic Universe, or Spatial Dynamics in Shelley’s Poetics

Certainly, the hypothesis of a ‘temporalization of experience’ posited by Bender and Wellbery and discussed in relation to Byron’s The Giaour has been confirmed. The evidence suggests that chronotypology, at least as represented by the modulating registers of time in Byron’s poem, underwent a revolution across the divide of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the periodic range for English Romanticism. However, the relativistic principles embedded within this ‘new’ form for time demand that, necessarily, ‘new’ views of space would accompany any chronotypological paradigm shift. Romantic poetry would manifest ‘a spatiality of thought’, in Gaston Bachelard’s phrase, that would complement the ‘temporalization of experience’ (Bachelard Poetics 212),1 for Romantic poetics, like contemporary physical theory, marries time and space (e.g. the relationship of Los and Enitharmon in Milton). As the century turned, the spatial dimension of Romantic poetics underwent a period of inflation that matched the extension of space offered in Kant’s postulation of a universe of galaxies and the more limited expansion of the solar system by Herschel’s discovery of a new planet, Uranus. As Ivors Leclerc notes, ‘By the nineteenth century, the phrase “a spatial extent” came to make sense … In fact, the adjective “spatial”, according to the OED, was of mid-nineteenth-century origin’ (209).
Factors associated with re-arrest following initial resuscitation from cardiac arrest.

Abstract Background To examine patient- and arrest-level factors associated with the incidence of re-arrest in the hospital setting, and to measure the association between re-arrest and survival to discharge. Methods This work represents a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who were successfully resuscitated from an initial out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) or in-hospital cardiac arrest (ICHA) of non-traumatic origin at two urban academic medical centers. In this study, re-arrest was defined as loss of a pulse following 20 min of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results Between 01/2005 and 04/2016, 1961 patients achieved ROSC following non-traumatic cardiac arrest. Of those, 471 (24%) experienced at least one re-arrest. In re-arrest patients, the median time from initial ROSC to first re-arrest was 5.4 h (IQR: 1.1, 61.8). The distribution of initial rhythms between single- and re-arrest patients did not vary, nor did the median duration of initial arrest. Among 108 re-arrest patients with an initial shockable rhythm, 60 (56%) experienced a shockable re-arrest rhythm. Among 273 with an initial nonshockable rhythm, 31 (11%) experienced a shockable re-arrest rhythm. After adjusting for significant covariates, the incidence of re-arrest was associated with a lower likelihood of survival to discharge (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.24–0.43; p Conclusions Re-arrest is a common complication experienced by cardiac arrest patients that achieve ROSC, and occurs early in the course of their post-arrest care. Moreover, re-arrest is associated with a decreased likelihood of survival to discharge, even after adjustments for relevant covariates.
Social Models Enhance Apes’ Memory for Novel Events

Nonhuman primates are more likely to learn from the actions of a social model than a non-social “ghost display”, however the mechanism underlying this effect is still unknown. One possibility is that live models are more engaging, drawing increased attention to social stimuli. However, recent research with humans has suggested that live models fundamentally alter memory, not low-level attention. In the current study, we developed a novel eye-tracking paradigm to disentangle the influence of social context on attention and memory in apes. Tested in two conditions, zoo-housed apes (2 gorillas, 5 chimpanzees) were familiarized to videos of a human hand (social condition) and mechanical claw (non-social condition) constructing a three-block tower. During the memory test, subjects viewed side-by-side pictures of the previously-constructed block tower and a novel block tower. In accordance with looking-time paradigms, increased looking time to the novel block tower was used to measure event memory. Apes evidenced memory for the event featuring a social model, though not for the non-social condition. This effect was not dependent on attention differences to the videos. These findings provide the first evidence that, like humans, social stimuli increase nonhuman primates’ event memory, which may aid in information transmission via social learning.
One-electron spectra and susceptibilities of the three-dimensional electron gas from self-consistent solutions of Hedin's equations

A few approximate schemes to solve the Hedin equations self-consistently introduced in Phys. Rev. B 94, 155101 (2016) are explored and tested for the three-dimensional (3D) electron gas at metallic densities. We calculate one-electron spectra, dielectric properties, compressibility, and correlation energy. Considerable reduction in the calculated bandwidth (as compared to the self-consistent $GW$ result) has been found when vertex correction was used for both polarizability and self-energy. Generally, it is advantageous to obtain the diagrammatic representation of polarizability from the definition of this quantity as a functional derivative of the electronic density with respect to the total field (external plus induced). For self-energy, the first-order vertex correction seems to be sufficient for the range of densities considered. Whenever it is possible, we compare the accuracy of our vertex-corrected schemes with the accuracy of the self-consistent quasiparticle $GW$ approximation (QSGW), which is less expensive computationally. We show that the QSGW approach performs poorly and we relate this poor performance with an inaccurate description of the screening in the QSGW method (with an error comprising a factor 2--3 in the physically important range of momenta).
Turf war or collusion: An empirical investigation of conflict of interest between large shareholders

Manuscript Type Empirical Research Question/Issue Does the smaller blockholder monitor or collude with a larger counterpart in a two-blockholder firm? Does the larger blockholder prefer not to share private benefits with the smaller blockholder or partially yield control to the smaller counterpart in a coalition? What are the contingent factors that influence the conflict of interest among large shareholders? Research Findings/Insights In two-blockholder firms, the voting power of the larger blockholder negatively impacts the presence of the cumulative voting rule, even if the rule is positively associated with firm value and provides the smaller blockholder a better opportunity to elect directors despite the competition from the larger blockholder. Voting power concentration negatively impacts the adoption of the cumulative voting rule in two-blockholder firms. The more voting power a smaller blockholder can employ to contest the largest blockholder, the more likely the two-blockholder firm will observe the cumulative voting rule. Two-blockholder firms are more likely to observe the cumulative voting rule when a coalition of blockholders has voting power that falls far below a threshold that warrants control of the firm. Theoretical/Academic Implications The empirical analysis of the paper suggests that the larger blockholder is willing to defend the control of the firm and the ability to pursue private benefits at the cost of firm value. The smaller blockholder is more likely to yield to the power of the larger blockholder and choose to collude rather than compete with the largest blockholder. The motivation and ability of a smaller blockholder to monitor the larger blockholder is contingent upon the voting power balance of the two blockholders. Practitioner/Policy Implications Minority investors should be alert to potential collusion among large shareholders. Regulators should consider enforcing the cumulative voting rule more widely to facilitate shareholder democracy and improve firm value.
Trust and Patience after a Tornado

AbstractThis study examines how individuals’ trust levels and patience are affected by a tornado event. Affected and unaffected people were surveyed after a 2013 tornado in Moore, Oklahoma, that resulted in 24 fatalities. Findings suggest that those who self-identified as affected became more trusting in general as well as more trusting of police and fire authorities. Affected homeowners also exhibited less patience than their unaffected counterparts. The evaluation of differences in trust and patience enables us to learn about how underlying propensities to invest (or reinvest) in critical private and public infrastructure may be influenced by extreme events. Disasters alter trust levels and patience of affected residents, and documenting the direction and magnitude of these changes may help agencies involved in the recovery process.
Apollonian Circle Packings and the Riemann Hypothesis

In this paper, we describe how one can state the Riemann hypothesis in terms of a geometric problem about Apollonian circle packings. We use, as a black box, results of Zagier, and describe numerical experiments which were used in a recent paper by Athreya, Cobeli, and Zaharescu. Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Professor Jayadev Athreya for his help with the non-Euclidean geometry used and for all his help in writing this paper, Dr. Joseph Vandehey for his help in parsing through the literature involved, Danni Sun for her help in constructing sphere packings and working with Eisenstein integers, and Kaiyue Hou for her help in writing some of the code. Additionally, I would like to thank Somesh Kumar and Brainwave Magazine (www.bwmag.in) for use of their illustration of an Apollonian circle packing. Page 216 RHIT Undergrad. Math. J., Vol. 16, No. 2
Spectral-Density-Based Graph Construction Techniques for Hyperspectral Image Analysis

The past decade has seen the emergence of many hyperspectral image (HSI) analysis algorithms based on graph theory and derived manifold coordinates. The performance of these algorithms is inextricably tied to the graphical model constructed from the spectral data, i.e., the community structure of the spectral data must be well represented to extract meaningful information. This paper provides a survey of many spectral graph construction techniques currently used by the hyperspectral community and discusses their advantages and disadvantages for hyperspectral analyses. A focus is provided on techniques influenced by spectral density from which the concept of community structure arises. Two inherently density-weighted graph construction techniques from the data mining literature, shared nearest neighbor (NN) and mutual proximity, are also introduced and compared as they have not been previously employed in HSI analyses. Density-based edge allocation is demonstrated to produce more uniform NN lists than nondensity-based techniques by demonstrating an increase in the number of intracluster edges and improved $k$ -NN classification performance. Imposing the mutuality constraint to symmetrify an adjacency matrix is demonstrated to be beneficial in most circumstances, especially in rural (less cluttered) scenes. Surprisingly, many complex edge-reweighting techniques are shown to slightly degrade NN list characteristics. An analysis suggests this condition is possibly attributable to the validity of characterizing spectral density by a single variable representing data scale. As such, these complex edge-reweighting techniques may need to be modified to increase their effectiveness, or simply not be used.
Management of First-Year Chemistry Laboratories Using Spreadsheets

The management of first-year chemistry laboratories, in which inexperienced undergraduates serve as lab assistants, was improved by the use of spreadsheets generated using Microsoft Excel software. Better statistical evaluation of results, more confidence in grade assignments, elimination of plagiarism, and overall improved performance by students were some of the advantages described.
Polynomial pseudomonads and dependent type theory

We assemble polynomials in a locally cartesian closed category into a tricategory, allowing us to define the notion of a polynomial pseudomonad and polynomial pseudoalgebra. Working in the context of natural models of type theory, we prove that dependent type theories admitting a unit type and dependent sum types give rise to polynomial pseudomonads, and that those admitting dependent product types give rise to polynomial pseudoalgebras.
Steroid inhaler adherence, flu vaccine receipt, and race: associations with the quality of the parent-physician relationship for asthmatic children.

Previous Presentation: This research was presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies’ 2008 Annual Meeting Rationale Steroid inhaler adherence and influenza immunization rates are low for asthmatic minority children. Objective To examine associations between parents’ adherence to administering their child’s steroid inhaler, influenza vaccine receipt, and parental perceptions of the primary care experience. Methods In 2006 we interviewed parents of children aged 2-12 who had an asthma-related physician visit in 2004 and 2005 about steroid inhaler use and influenza vaccine receipt. Parents rated their child’s doctor using the Primary Care Assessment Survey (PCAS©). Measurement Outcome variables were inhaler adherence and influenza vaccine receipt. Independent variables included PCAS scores, child health measures, parental personal and financial stress, and demographic variables. Results Children of inhaler-adherent parents were more likely to be immunized (OR, 2.94; p = .03). Black parents were less adherent to steroid use (OR, 0.37, p = .01) while nonblack/nonwhite children had lower vaccination rates (OR, 0.29, p = .02). Continuity of care was associated with better inhaler adherence (OR, 1.02, p = .01). Influenza immunization was associated with physician’s knowledge of the child’s medical history (OR, 1.02, p = .05), interpersonal skills (OR 1.02, p = .03), and parental trust in the physician (OR, 1.03, p = .02). Minority parents gave lower ratings than white parents to their child’s physician and office on characteristics associated with inhaler adherence and immunization. Conclusions Minority parents of asthmatic children are less adherent to recommended asthma treatments and rate physicians lower on characteristics associated with adherence. Improving those characteristics may improve asthma outcomes for minority children.
Spärck Jones, Karen (b. 1935)

Karen Sparck Jones has been active in information retrieval and natural language processing since the late 1950s. Over the course of her carrer, she has also made contributions to research in machine translation, the modeling of users and agents, speech applications, and automatic summarization. She is a distinguished experimental scientist, with an empirical approach well-suited to the problems she has addressed.
The Evolution of Understanding Menopause in Clinical Treatment

This paper integrates the meanings created about menopause through a biopsychosocial perpective. Once understood only as a biological illness creating affective disorders, new paradigms provide understanding based on the psychological and social constructions of the process. History emphasizes a view of women experiencing increasing deficiency and loss, while modern interpretations view women as gaining new freedoms. Case material is presented to direct attention to the meanings of menopause as it emerges in the treatment process.
The Peroxisomal Enzymes of Glycerolipid Metabolism

Acyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate (acyl DHAP1) is known to be an important precursor of glycerolipids, especially of glycerol ether lipids (1–5). Acyl DHAP was first characterized as a lipid rapidly labeled with [γ-32P]ATP in guinea pig liver mitochondrial fractions (6,7). This rapid labeling was due to the consecutive actions of a phosphohydrolase (Reaction 1, Fig. 1) and a kinase (Reaction 2, Fig. 1) on the endogenous acyl DHAP (8). Later, it was shown that this lipid is biosynthesized by the enzymatic acylation of DHAP with long-chain acyl CoA’s (Reaction 3, Fig. 1) (9,10). Acyl DHAP, thus formed, could be reduced by NADPH to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (1-acyl GP1) (Reaction 4, Fig. 1) which is the precursor of all glycerides and phosphoglycerides (11). 1-Acyl GP is also biosynthesized by a direct acylation of GP (Reaction 7, Fig. 1) (3,4).
History of Jet Fighters

This chapter provides a historical overview of jet fighters’ technological development and evolution, placing particular emphasis on generational development of these weapons from the first through fifth generations of these aircraft. Detailed information on the technological capabilities of these planes is provided along with their armament, financial costs in recent US dollars, and speed. Chapter contents also feature manufacturer information including US aerospace industry consolidation, countries using these aircraft, when they were used, and discussion of how these countries have sought to develop their aerospace industries to produce jet fighters for their militaries and approved international military markets.
Abstract TP445: Bevacizumab Therapy for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are dynamic vascular malformations and a significant source of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Obliteration by interventional therapy is the on...
CYSTIC MYXOMATOUS TUMORS ABOUT THE KNEE: THEIR RELATION TO CYSTS OF THE MENISCI

From a discussion of four cases of unusual mucinous tumors of the knee joint, including two which are probably cysts of the meniscus (one with an unusual amount of bone change), one which is probably an unusually extensive development of a parameniscal cyst, and one which is a true myxomatous tumor of the meniscus, it appears that cysts of the menisci apparently are not true neoplasms, but represent the end results of degeneration. Such cysts may sometimes be distinguished from other cysts in the region of the knee joint by the absence of endothelial lining.